The Edwards-Trinity aquifer is a vital groundwater resource for agricultural, industrial, and municipal uses in the Trans-Pecos region of west Texas. A conceptual model of the hydrogeologic framework, geochemistry, and groundwater-flow system in the 4,700 square-mile study area was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Middle Pecos Groundwater Conservation District, Pecos County, City of Fort Stockton, Brewster County, and Pecos County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1. The model was developed to gain a better understanding of the groundwater system and to establish a scientific foundation for resource-management decisions. Data and information were collected or obtained from various sources to develop the model. Lithologic information obtained from well reports and geophysical data were used to describe the hydrostratigraphy and structural features of the groundwater system, and aquifer-test data were used to estimate aquifer hydraulic properties. Groundwater-quality data were used to evaluate groundwater-flow paths, water and rock interaction, aquifer interaction, and the mixing of water from different sources. Groundwater-level data also were used to evaluate aquifer interaction as well as to develop a potentiometric-surface map, delineate regional groundwater divides, and describe regional groundwater-flow paths.
\nSeveral previous studies have been done to compile or collect physical and chemical data, describe the hydrogeologic processes, and develop conceptual and numerical groundwater-flow models of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer in the Trans-Pecos region. Documented methods were used to compile and collect groundwater, surface-water, geochemical, geophysical, and geologic information that subsequently were used to develop this conceptual model.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Middle Pecos Groundwater Conservation District, Pecos County, City of Fort Stockton, Brewster County, and Pecos County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.V., Stanton, G.P., Bumgarner, J.R., Pearson, D., Teeple, A., Houston, N.A., Payne, J., and Musgrove, M., 2013, A conceptual hydrogeologic model for the hydrogeologic framework, geochemistry, and groundwater-flow system of the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3024, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133024.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":505340,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98527.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":272901,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3024/"},{"id":272902,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3024/pdf/fs2013-3024.pdf"},{"id":272903,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133024.gif"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Pecos County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,30.08 ], [ -104,31.30 ], [ -102,31.30 ], [ -102,30.08 ], [ -104,30.08 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5c3d2e4b0605bc571ef52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Jonathan V. 0000-0003-0903-9713 jvthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-9713","contributorId":2194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, Gregory P. 0000-0001-8622-0933 gstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-0933","contributorId":1583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Gregory","email":"gstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bumgarner, Johnathan R. jbumgarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":5378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumgarner","given":"Johnathan","email":"jbumgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearson, Daniel K.","contributorId":52014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Daniel K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Teeple, Andrew 0000-0003-1781-8354 apteeple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-8354","contributorId":1399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teeple","given":"Andrew ","email":"apteeple@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Payne, Jason 0000-0003-4294-7924 jdpayne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-7924","contributorId":1062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"Jason ","email":"jdpayne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70046112,"text":"sir20135104 - 2013 - Organic waste compounds in streams: Occurrence and aquatic toxicity in different stream compartments, flow regimes, and land uses in southeast Wisconsin, 2006–9","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-28T08:29:56","indexId":"sir20135104","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5104","title":"Organic waste compounds in streams: Occurrence and aquatic toxicity in different stream compartments, flow regimes, and land uses in southeast Wisconsin, 2006–9","docAbstract":"An assessment of organic chemicals and aquatic toxicity in streams located near Milwaukee, Wisconsin, indicated high potential for adverse impacts on aquatic organisms that could be related to organic waste compounds (OWCs). OWCs used in agriculture, industry, and households make their way into surface waters through runoff, leaking septic-conveyance systems, regulated and unregulated discharges, and combined sewage overflows, among other sources. Many of these compounds are toxic at elevated concentrations and (or) known to have endocrine-disrupting potential, and often they occur as complex mixtures. There is still much to be learned about the chronic exposure effects of these compounds on aquatic populations. During 2006–9, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD), conducted a study to determine the occurrence and potential toxicity of OWCs in different stream compartments and flow regimes for streams in the Milwaukee area. Samples were collected at 17 sites and analyzed for a suite of 69 OWCs. Three types of stream compartments were represented: water column, streambed pore water, and streambed sediment. Water-column samples were subdivided by flow regime into stormflow and base-flow samples. One or more compounds were detected in all 196 samples collected, and 64 of the 69 compounds were detected at least once. Base-flow samples had the lowest detection rates, with a median of 12 compounds detected per sample. Median detection rates for stormflow, pore-water, and sediment samples were more than double that of base-flow samples. Compounds with the highest detection rates include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), insecticides, herbicides, and dyes/pigments. Elevated occurrence and concentrations of some compounds were detected in samples from urban sites, as compared with more rural sites, especially during stormflow conditions. These include the PAHs and the domestic waste-water-indicator compounds, among others. Urban runoff and storm-related leaks of sanitary sewers and (or) septic systems may be important sources of these and other compounds to the streams. The Kinnickinnic River, a highly urbanized site, had the highest detection rates and concentrations of compounds of all the sampled sites. The Milwaukee River near Cedarburg—one of the least urban sites—and the Outer Milwaukee Harbor site had the lowest detection rates and concentrations. Aquatic-toxicity benchmarks were exceeded for 12 of the 25 compounds with known benchmarks. The compounds with the greatest benchmark exceedances were the PAHs, both in terms of exceedance frequency (up to 93 percent for some compounds in sediment samples) and magnitude (concentrations up to 1,024 times greater than the benchmark value). Other compounds with toxicity-benchmark exceedances include Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (a plasticizer), 2-Methylnapthalene (a component of fuel and oil), phenol (an antimicrobial disinfectant with diverse uses), and 4-Nonylphenol (sum of all isomers; a detergent metabolite, among other uses). Analyzed as a mixture, the suite of PAH compounds were found to be potentially toxic for most non-base-flow samples. Bioassay tests were conducted on samples from 14 streams: Ceriodaphnia dubia in base-flow samples, Ceriodaphnia dubia and Hyallela azteca in pore-water samples, and Hyallela azteca and Chironomus tentans in sediment samples. The greatest adverse effect was observed in tests with Chironomus tentans from sediment samples. The weight of Chironomus tentans after exposure to sediments decreased with increased OWC concentrations. This was most evident in the relation between PAH results and Chironomus tentans bioassay results for the majority of samples; however, solvents and flame retardants appeared to be important for one site each. These results for PAHs were consistent with assessment of PAH potency factors for sediment, indicating that PAHs were likely to have adverse effects on aquatic organisms in many of the streams studied.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, A.K., Corsi, S., Richards, K.D., Geis, S.W., and Magruder, C., 2013, Organic waste compounds in streams: Occurrence and aquatic toxicity in different stream compartments, flow regimes, and land uses in southeast Wisconsin, 2006–9: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5104, vii, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135104.","productDescription":"vii, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135104.gif"},{"id":272829,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5104/pdf/sir2013-5104.pdf"},{"id":272828,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5104/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.40,42.50 ], [ -88.40,43.50 ], [ -87.40,43.50 ], [ -87.40,42.50 ], [ -88.40,42.50 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5c3e6e4b0605bc571ef6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, Austin K. 0000-0002-6027-3823 akbaldwi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3823","contributorId":4515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Austin","email":"akbaldwi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corsi, Steven R. srcorsi@usgs.gov","contributorId":511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"Steven R.","email":"srcorsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richards, Kevin D. krichard@usgs.gov","contributorId":280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Kevin","email":"krichard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geis, Steven W.","contributorId":85868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geis","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Magruder, Christopher","contributorId":35995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magruder","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70046111,"text":"sir20125001 - 2013 - The use of process models to inform and improve statistical models of nitrate occurrence, Great Miami River Basin, southwestern Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-27T14:56:37","indexId":"sir20125001","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5001","title":"The use of process models to inform and improve statistical models of nitrate occurrence, Great Miami River Basin, southwestern Ohio","docAbstract":"Statistical models of nitrate occurrence in the glacial aquifer system of the northern United States, developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, use observed relations between nitrate concentrations and sets of explanatory variables—representing well-construction, environmental, and source characteristics— to predict the probability that nitrate, as nitrogen, will exceed a threshold concentration. However, the models do not explicitly account for the processes that control the transport of nitrogen from surface sources to a pumped well and use area-weighted mean spatial variables computed from within a circular buffer around the well as a simplified source-area conceptualization. The use of models that explicitly represent physical-transport processes can inform and, potentially, improve these statistical models. Specifically, groundwater-flow models simulate advective transport—predominant in many surficial aquifers— and can contribute to the refinement of the statistical models by (1) providing for improved, physically based representations of a source area to a well, and (2) allowing for more detailed estimates of environmental variables.
\nA source area to a well, known as a contributing recharge area, represents the area at the water table that contributes recharge to a pumped well; a well pumped at a volumetric rate equal to the amount of recharge through a circular buffer will result in a contributing recharge area that is the same size as the buffer but has a shape that is a function of the hydrologic setting. These volume-equivalent contributing recharge areas will approximate circular buffers in areas of relatively flat hydraulic gradients, such as near groundwater divides, but in areas with steep hydraulic gradients will be elongated in the upgradient direction and agree less with the corresponding circular buffers.
\nThe degree to which process-model-estimated contributing recharge areas, which simulate advective transport and therefore account for local hydrologic settings, would inform and improve the development of statistical models can be implicitly estimated by evaluating the differences between explanatory variables estimated from the contributing recharge areas and the circular buffers used to develop existing statistical models. The larger the difference in estimated variables, the more likely that statistical models would be changed, and presumably improved, if explanatory variables estimated from contributing recharge areas were used in model development. Comparing model predictions from the two sets of estimated variables would further quantify—albeit implicitly—how an improved, physically based estimate of explanatory variables would be reflected in model predictions. Differences between the two sets of estimated explanatory variables and resultant model predictions vary spatially; greater differences are associated with areas of steep hydraulic gradients. A direct comparison, however, would require the development of a separate set of statistical models using explanatory variables from contributing recharge areas.
\nArea-weighted means of three environmental variables—silt content, alfisol content, and depth to water from the U.S. Department of Agriculture State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) data—and one nitrogen-source variable (fertilizer-application rate from county data mapped to Enhanced National Land Cover Data 1992 (NLCDe 92) agricultural land use) can vary substantially between circular buffers and volume-equivalent contributing recharge areas and among contributing recharge areas for different sets of well variables. The differences in estimated explanatory variables are a function of the same factors affecting the contributing recharge areas as well as the spatial resolution and local distribution of the underlying spatial data. As a result, differences in estimated variables between circular buffers and contributing recharge areas are complex and site specific as evidenced by differences in estimated variables for circular buffers and contributing recharge areas of existing public-supply and network wells in the Great Miami River Basin. Large differences in areaweighted mean environmental variables are observed at the basin scale, determined by using the network of uniformly spaced hypothetical wells; the differences have a spatial pattern that generally is similar to spatial patterns in the underlying STATSGO data. Generally, the largest differences were observed for area-weighted nitrogen-application rate from county and national land-use data; the basin-scale differences ranged from -1,600 (indicating a larger value from within the volume-equivalent contributing recharge area) to 1,900 kilograms per year (kg/yr); the range in the underlying spatial data was from 0 to 2,200 kg/yr. Silt content, alfisol content, and nitrogen-application rate are defined by the underlying spatial data and are external to the groundwater system; however, depth to water is an environmental variable that can be estimated in more detail and, presumably, in a more physically based manner using a groundwater-flow model than using the spatial data. Model-calculated depths to water within circular buffers in the Great Miami River Basin differed substantially from values derived from the spatial data and had a much larger range.
\nDifferences in estimates of area-weighted spatial variables result in corresponding differences in predictions of nitrate occurrence in the aquifer. In addition to the factors affecting contributing recharge areas and estimated explanatory variables, differences in predictions also are a function of the specific set of explanatory variables used and the fitted slope coefficients in a given model. For models that predicted the probability of exceeding 1 and 4 milligrams per liter as nitrogen (mg/L as N), predicted probabilities using variables estimated from circular buffers and contributing recharge areas generally were correlated but differed significantly at the local and basin scale. The scale and distribution of prediction differences can be explained by the underlying differences in the estimated variables and the relative weight of the variables in the statistical models. Differences in predictions of exceeding 1 mg/L as N, which only includes environmental variables, generally correlated with the underlying differences in STATSGO data, whereas differences in exceeding 4 mg/L as N were more spatially extensive because that model included environmental and nitrogen-source variables. Using depths to water from within circular buffers derived from the spatial data and depths to water within the circular buffers calculated from the groundwater-flow model, restricted to the same range, resulted in large differences in predicted probabilities. The differences in estimated explanatory variables between contributing recharge areas and circular buffers indicate incorporation of physically based contributing recharge area likely would result in a different set of explanatory variables and an improved set of statistical models.
\nThe use of a groundwater-flow model to improve representations of source areas or to provide more-detailed estimates of specific explanatory variables includes a number of limitations and technical considerations. An assumption in these analyses is that (1) there is a state of mass balance between recharge and pumping, and (2) transport to a pumped well is under a steady state flow field. Comparison of volumeequivalent contributing recharge areas under steady-state and transient transport conditions at a location in the southeastern part of the basin shows the steady-state contributing recharge area is a reasonable approximation of the transient contributing recharge area after between 10 and 20 years of pumping. The first assumption is a more important consideration for this analysis. A gradient effect refers to a condition where simulated pumping from a well is less than recharge through the corresponding contributing recharge area. This generally takes place in areas with steep hydraulic gradients, such as near discharge locations, and can be mitigated using a finer model discretization. A boundary effect refers to a condition where recharge through the contributing recharge area is less than pumping. This indicates other sources of water to the simulated well and could reflect a real hydrologic process. In the Great Miami River Basin, large gradient and boundary effects—defined as the balance between pumping and recharge being less than half—occurred in 5 and 14 percent of the basin, respectively. The agreement between circular buffers and volume-equivalent contributing recharge areas, differences in estimated variables, and the effect on statisticalmodel predictions between the population of wells with a balance between pumping and recharge within 10 percent and the population of all wells were similar. This indicated process-model limitations did not affect the overall findings in the Great Miami River Basin; however, this would be model specific, and prudent use of a process model needs to entail a limitations analysis and, if necessary, alterations to the model.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125001","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Walter, D.A., and Starn, J.J., 2013, The use of process models to inform and improve statistical models of nitrate occurrence, Great Miami River Basin, southwestern Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5001, x, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125001.","productDescription":"x, 75 p.","numberOfPages":"90","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125001.jpg"},{"id":272821,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5001/"},{"id":272822,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5001/pdf/sir2012-5001_report_508.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Great Miami River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.82,38.4 ], [ -84.82,42.0 ], [ -80.52,42.0 ], [ -80.52,38.4 ], [ -84.82,38.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a4805fe4b064a995b7a0d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, Donald A. 0000-0003-0879-4477 dawalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-4477","contributorId":1101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Donald","email":"dawalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Starn, J. Jeffrey","contributorId":101617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starn","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046140,"text":"fs20133023 - 2013 - Fine-grained sediment dispersal along the California coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-10T20:29:28.173413","indexId":"fs20133023","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3023","title":"Fine-grained sediment dispersal along the California coast","docAbstract":"Fine-grained sediment (silt and clay) enters coastal waters from rivers, eroding coastal bluffs, resuspension of seabed sediment, and human activities such as dredging and beach nourishment. The amount of sediment in coastal waters is an important factor in ocean ecosystem health, but little information exists on both the natural and human-driven magnitudes of fine-grained sediment delivery to the coastal zone, its residence time there, and its transport out of the system—information upon which to base environmental assessments. To help fill these information gaps, the U.S. Geological Survey has partnered with Federal, State, and local agencies to monitor fine-grained sediment dispersal patterns and fate in the coastal regions of California. Results of these studies suggest that the waves and currents of many of the nearshore coastal settings of California are adequately energetic to transport fine-grained sediment quickly through coastal systems. These findings will help with the management and regulation of fine-grained sediment along the U.S. west coast.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133023","usgsCitation":"Warrick, J., and Storlazzi, C., 2013, Fine-grained sediment dispersal along the California coast: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3023, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133023.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":505339,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98528.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":272926,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3023/"},{"id":272927,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3023/fs2013-3023.pdf"},{"id":272928,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133023.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5c3e3e4b0605bc571ef62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":48255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046129,"text":"ofr20131081 - 2013 - Final report for sea-level rise response modeling for San Francisco Bay estuary tidal marshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T12:19:43","indexId":"ofr20131081","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1081","title":"Final report for sea-level rise response modeling for San Francisco Bay estuary tidal marshes","docAbstract":"The International Panel on Climate Change has identified coastal ecosystems as areas that will be disproportionally affected by climate change. Current sea-level rise projections range widely with 0.57 to 1.9 meters increase in mea sea level by 2100. The expected accelerated rate of sea-level rise through the 21st century will put many coastal ecosystems at risk, especially those in topographically low-gradient areas.\n\nWe assessed marsh accretion and plant community state changes through 2100 at 12 tidal salt marshes around San Francisco Bay estuary with a sea-level rise response model. Detailed ground elevation, vegetation, and water level data were collected at all sites between 2008 and 2011 and used as model inputs. Sediment cores (taken by Callaway and others, 2012) at four sites around San Francisco Bay estuary were used to estimate accretion rates. A modification of the Callaway and others (1996) model, the Wetland Accretion Rate Model for Ecosystem Resilience (WARMER), was utilized to run sea-level rise response models for all sites. With a mean sea level rise of 1.24 m by 2100, WARMER projected that the vast majority, 95.8 percent (1,942 hectares), of marsh area in our study will lose marsh plant communities by 2100 and to transition to a relative elevation range consistent with mudflat habitat. Three marshes were projected to maintain marsh vegetation to 2100, but they only composed 4.2 percent (85 hectares) of the total marsh area surveyed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131081","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Takekawa, J.Y., Thorne, K.M., Buffington, K., Spragens, K., Swanson, K., Drexler, J., Schoellhamer, D., Overton, C.T., and Casazza, M.L., 2013, Final report for sea-level rise response modeling for San Francisco Bay estuary tidal marshes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1081, x, 161 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131081.","productDescription":"x, 161 p.","numberOfPages":"171","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131081.jpg"},{"id":272881,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1081/pdf/ofr20131081.pdf"},{"id":272880,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1081/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.498478,37.447658 ], [ -122.498478,37.964872 ], [ -122.041878,37.964872 ], [ -122.041878,37.447658 ], [ -122.498478,37.447658 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5c3e3e4b0605bc571ef5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorne, Karen M. 0000-0002-1381-0657 kthorne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-0657","contributorId":4191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"Karen","email":"kthorne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buffington, Kevin J. 0000-0001-9741-1241 kbuffington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-1241","contributorId":4775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buffington","given":"Kevin","email":"kbuffington@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spragens, Kyle A.","contributorId":98452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spragens","given":"Kyle A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swanson, Kathleen M.","contributorId":11289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Kathleen M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":8941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Overton, Cory T. 0000-0002-5060-7447 coverton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-7447","contributorId":3262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overton","given":"Cory","email":"coverton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70046106,"text":"70046106 - 2013 - Evidence for extensive methane venting on the southeastern U.S. Atlantic margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-01T09:52:50","indexId":"70046106","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for extensive methane venting on the southeastern U.S. Atlantic margin","docAbstract":"We present the first evidence for widespread seabed methane venting along the southeastern United States Atlantic margin beyond the well-known Blake Ridge diapir seep. Recent ship- and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)–collected data resolve multiple water-column anomalies (>1000 m height) and extensive new chemosynthetic seep communities at the Blake Ridge and Cape Fear diapirs. These results indicate that multiple, highly localized fluid conduits punctuate the areally extensive Blake Ridge gas hydrate province, and enable the delivery of significant amounts of methane to the water column. Thus, there appears to be an abundance of seabed fluid flux not previously ascribed to the Atlantic margin of the United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1130/G34217.1","usgsCitation":"Brothers, L., Van Dover, C., German, C., Kaiser, C., Yoerger, D., Ruppel, C., Lobecker, E., Skarke, A., and Wagner, J., 2013, Evidence for extensive methane venting on the southeastern U.S. Atlantic margin: Geology, v. 41, no. 7, p. 807-810, https://doi.org/10.1130/G34217.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"810","ipdsId":"IP-044454","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272825,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272824,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G34217.1"}],"volume":"41","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a47250e4b064a995b7a0bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brothers, L.L.","contributorId":17074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Dover, C.L.","contributorId":104507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Dover","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"German, C.R.","contributorId":24673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"German","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaiser, C.L.","contributorId":32434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yoerger, D.R.","contributorId":54492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoerger","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ruppel, C.D.","contributorId":64839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lobecker, E.","contributorId":30122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lobecker","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Skarke, A.D.","contributorId":57752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skarke","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wagner, J.K.S.","contributorId":101970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"J.K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70046090,"text":"ofr20131082 - 2013 - Implications of flume slope on discharge estimates from 0.762-meter H flumes used in edge-of-field monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-24T09:46:18","indexId":"ofr20131082","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1082","title":"Implications of flume slope on discharge estimates from 0.762-meter H flumes used in edge-of-field monitoring","docAbstract":"The effects of longitudinal slope on the estimation of discharge in a 0.762-meter (m) (depth at flume entrance) H flume were tested under controlled conditions with slopes from −8 to +8 percent and discharges from 1.2 to 323 liters per second. Compared to the stage-discharge rating for a longitudinal flume slope of zero, computed discharges were negatively biased (maximum −31 percent) when the flume was sloped downward from the front (entrance) to the back (exit), and positively biased (maximum 44 percent) when the flume was sloped upward. Biases increased with greater flume slopes and with lower discharges. A linear empirical relation was developed to compute a corrected reference stage for a 0.762-m H flume using measured stage and flume slope. The reference stage was then used to determine a corrected discharge from the stage-discharge rating. A dimensionally homogeneous correction equation also was developed, which could theoretically be used for all standard H-flume sizes. Use of the corrected discharge computation method for a sloped H flume was determined to have errors ranging from −2.2 to 4.6 percent compared to the H-flume measured discharge at a level position. These results emphasize the importance of the measurement of and the correction for flume slope during an edge-of-field study if the most accurate discharge estimates are desired.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131082","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin–Madison Discovery Farms program and the University of Wisconsin–Platteville Pioneer Farm program","usgsCitation":"Komiskey, M.J., Stuntebeck, T.D., Cox, A.L., and Frame, D.R., 2013, Implications of flume slope on discharge estimates from 0.762-meter H flumes used in edge-of-field monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1082, iv, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131082.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131082.jpg"},{"id":272772,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1082/"},{"id":272773,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1082/pdf/ofr2013-1082_web.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a07dd7e4b0e42455803668","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Komiskey, Matthew J. 0000-0003-2962-6974 mjkomisk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-6974","contributorId":1776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komiskey","given":"Matthew","email":"mjkomisk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuntebeck, Todd D. 0000-0002-8405-7295 tdstunte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8405-7295","contributorId":902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuntebeck","given":"Todd","email":"tdstunte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, Amanda L.","contributorId":35220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frame, Dennis R.","contributorId":77282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frame","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046104,"text":"ofr20131108 - 2013 - Postwildfire debris-flow hazard assessment of the area burned by the 2012 Little Bear Fire, south-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-24T13:59:25","indexId":"ofr20131108","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1108","title":"Postwildfire debris-flow hazard assessment of the area burned by the 2012 Little Bear Fire, south-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"A preliminary hazard assessment was developed of the debris-flow potential from 56 drainage basins burned by the Little Bear Fire in south-central New Mexico in June 2012. The Little Bear Fire burned approximately 179 square kilometers (km2) (44,330 acres), including about 143 km2 (35,300 acres) of National Forest System lands of the Lincoln National Forest. Within the Lincoln National Forest, about 72 km2 (17,664 acres) of the White Mountain Wilderness were burned. The burn area also included about 34 km2 (8,500 acres) of private lands. Burn severity was high or moderate on 53 percent of the burn area. The area burned is at risk of substantial postwildfire erosion, such as that caused by debris flows and flash floods.\n\nA postwildfire debris-flow hazard assessment of the area burned by the Little Bear Fire was performed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Lincoln National Forest. A set of two empirical hazard-assessment models developed by using data from recently burned drainage basins throughout the intermountain Western United States was used to estimate the probability of debris-flow occurrence and volume of debris flows along the burn area drainage network and for selected drainage basins within the burn area. The models incorporate measures of areal burn extent and severity, topography, soils, and storm rainfall intensity to estimate the probability and volume of debris flows following the fire. Relative hazard rankings of postwildfire debris flows were produced by summing the estimated probability and volume ranking to illustrate those areas with the highest potential occurrence of debris flows with the largest volumes.\n\nThe probability that a drainage basin could produce debris flows and the volume of a possible debris flow at the basin outlet were estimated for three design storms: (1) a 2-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall of 27 millimeters (mm) (a 50 percent chance of occurrence in any given year); (2) a 10-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall of 42 mm (a 10 percent chance of occurrence in any given year); and (3) a 25-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall of 51 mm (a 4 percent chance of occurrence in any given year). Thirty-nine percent of the 56 drainage basins modeled have a high (greater than 80 percent) probability of debris flows in response to the 2-year design storm; 80 percent of the modeled drainage basins have a high probability of debris flows in response to the 25-year design storm. For debris-flow volume, 7 percent of the modeled drainage basins have an estimated debris-flow volume greater than 100,000 cubic meters (m3) in response to the 2-year design storm; 9 percent of the drainage basins are included in the greater than 100,000 m3 category for both the 10-year and the 25-year design storms. Drainage basins in the greater than 100,000 m3 volume category also received the highest combined hazard ranking.\n\nThe maps presented herein may be used to prioritize areas where emergency erosion mitigation or other protective measures may be needed prior to rainstorms within these drainage basins, their outlets, or areas downstream from these drainage basins within the 2- to 3-year period of vulnerability. This work is preliminary and is subject to revision. The assessment herein is provided on the condition that neither the U.S. Geological Survey nor the U.S. Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the assessment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131108","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Lincoln National Forest","usgsCitation":"Tillery, A.C., and Matherne, A.M., 2013, Postwildfire debris-flow hazard assessment of the area burned by the 2012 Little Bear Fire, south-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1108, vi, 15 p.; Maps: 3 Sheets: 33 x 22 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131108.","productDescription":"vi, 15 p.; Maps: 3 Sheets: 33 x 22 inches","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272803,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1108/ofr2013-1108-pl1.pdf"},{"id":272804,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1108/ofr2013-1108-pl2.pdf"},{"id":272805,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1108/ofr2013-1108-pl3.pdf"},{"id":272801,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1108/"},{"id":272802,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1108/ofr2013-1108.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,31.3 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -103.0,37.0 ], [ -103.0,31.3 ], [ -109.0,31.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a07dd8e4b0e4245580366c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillery, Anne C. 0000-0002-9508-7908 atillery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-7908","contributorId":2549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillery","given":"Anne","email":"atillery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matherne, Anne Marie 0000-0002-5873-2226 matherne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-2226","contributorId":303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matherne","given":"Anne","email":"matherne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046098,"text":"sir20135078 - 2013 - Regional bankfull-channel dimensions of non-urban wadeable streams in Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-24T11:19:07","indexId":"sir20135078","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5078","title":"Regional bankfull-channel dimensions of non-urban wadeable streams in Indiana","docAbstract":"During floods, damage to properties and community infrastructure may result from inundation and the processes of erosion. The damages imparted by erosion are collectively termed the fluvial erosion hazard (FEH), and the Indiana Silver Jackets Multi-agency Hazard Mitigation Taskforce is supporting a program to build tools that will assist Indiana property owners and communities with FEH-mitigation efforts. As part of that program, regional channel-dimension relations are identified for non-urban wadeable streams in Indiana.\n\nWith a site-selection process that targeted the three largest physiographic regions of the state, field work was completed to measure channel-dimension and channel-geometry characteristics across Indiana. In total, 82 sites were identified for data collection; 25 in the Northern Moraine and Lake region, 31 in the Central Till Plain region, and 26 in the Southern Hills and Lowlands region.\n\nFollowing well established methods, for each data-collection site, effort was applied to identify bankfull stage, determine bankfull-channel dimensions, and document channel-geometry characteristics that allowed for determinations of channel classification. In this report, regional bankfull-channel dimension results are presented as a combination of plots and regression equations that identify the relations between drainage area and the bankfull-channel dimensions of width, mean depth, and cross-sectional area.\n\nThis investigation found that the channel-dimension data support independent relations for each of the three physiographic regions noted above. Furthermore, these relations show that, for any given drainage area, northern Indiana channels have the smallest predicted dimensions, southern Indiana channels have the largest predicted dimensions, and central Indiana channels are intermediate in their predicted dimensions. When considering the suite of variables that influence bankfull-channel dimensions, it appears that contrasting runoff characteristics between the three physiographic regions may explain much of the inequality observed in the measured channel dimensions. While this investigation targeted non-urban wadeable streams in Indiana, site conditions prevented data collection in some areas. Therefore, application of the results of this study always should include knowledge gained from local observations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135078","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs","usgsCitation":"Robinson, B.A., 2013, Regional bankfull-channel dimensions of non-urban wadeable streams in Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5078, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135078.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272789,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135078.gif"},{"id":272787,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5078/"},{"id":272788,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5078/pdf/sir2013-5078.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0979,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a07dd8e4b0e42455803670","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Bret A. barobins@usgs.gov","contributorId":3897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Bret","email":"barobins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046052,"text":"ofr20131101 - 2013 - Bathymetric surveys of selected lakes in Missouri--2000-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T10:15:22","indexId":"ofr20131101","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1101","title":"Bathymetric surveys of selected lakes in Missouri--2000-2008","docAbstract":"Years of sediment accumulation and abnormally dry conditions in the Midwest in 1999 and 2000 led to the water level decline of many water-supply lakes in Missouri, and caused renewed interest in modernizing outdated area/volume tables for these lakes. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, surveyed the bathymetry of 51 lakes in Missouri from July 2000 to May 2008. The data were used to provide water managers with area/volume tables and bathymetric maps of the lakes at the time of the surveys.\n\nIn 50 of the lakes, bathymetric surveys were made using a boat-mounted single-beam survey-grade fathometer. In Clearwater Lake, bathymetric data were collected primarily using a boat-mounted survey-grade multibeam fathometer, and some bathymetric data were collected using a single-beam fathometer in areas of the lake that were inaccessible to the multibeam fathometer. Data processing, area/volume table computation, and bathymetric map production were completed for each lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131101","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Richards, J.M., 2013, Bathymetric surveys of selected lakes in Missouri--2000-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1101, iv, 8 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131101.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-043656","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272680,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131101.gif"},{"id":272677,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1101/"},{"id":272679,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1101/downloads/"},{"id":272678,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1101/ofr13_1101web.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.77,36.0 ], [ -95.77,40.61 ], [ -89.0,40.61 ], [ -89.0,36.0 ], [ -95.77,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"519f2c5ae4b0687ba0506b4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richards, Joseph M. 0000-0002-9822-2706 richards@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-2706","contributorId":2370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Joseph","email":"richards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046085,"text":"sir20135081 - 2013 - Improved estimates of filtered total mercury loadings and total mercury concentrations of solids from potential sources to Sinclair Inlet, Kitsap County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T15:33:20","indexId":"sir20135081","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5081","title":"Improved estimates of filtered total mercury loadings and total mercury concentrations of solids from potential sources to Sinclair Inlet, Kitsap County, Washington","docAbstract":"Previous investigations examined sources and sinks of mercury to Sinclair Inlet based on historic and new data. This included an evaluation of mercury concentrations from various sources and mercury loadings from industrial discharges and groundwater flowing from the Bremerton naval complex to Sinclair Inlet. This report provides new data from four potential sources of mercury to Sinclair Inlet: (1) filtered and particulate total mercury concentrations of creek water during the wet season, (2) filtered and particulate total mercury releases from the Navy steam plant following changes in the water softening process and discharge operations, (3) release of mercury from soils to groundwater in two landfill areas at the Bremerton naval complex, and (4) total mercury concentrations of solids in dry dock sumps that were not affected by bias from sequential sampling.\n\nThe previous estimate of the loading of filtered total mercury from Sinclair Inlet creeks was based solely on dry season samples. Concentrations of filtered total mercury in creek samples collected during wet weather were significantly higher than dry weather concentrations, which increased the estimated loading of filtered total mercury from creek basins from 27.1 to 78.1 grams per year.\n\nChanges in the concentrations and loading of filtered and particulate total mercury in the effluent of the steam plant were investigated after the water softening process was changed from ion-exchange to reverse osmosis and the discharge of stack blow-down wash began to be diverted to the municipal water-treatment plant. These changes reduced the concentrations of filtered and particulate total mercury from the steam plant of the Bremerton naval complex, which resulted in reduced loadings of filtered total mercury from 5.9 to 0.15 grams per year.\n\nPrevious investigations identified three fill areas on the Bremerton naval complex, of which the western fill area is thought to be the largest source of mercury on the base. Studies of groundwater in the other two fill areas were conducted under worst-case higher high tidal conditions. A December 2011 study found that concentrations of filtered total mercury in the well in the fill area on the eastern boundary of the Bremerton naval complex were less than or equal to 11 nanograms per liter, indicating that releases from the eastern area were unlikely. In addition, concentrations of total mercury of solids were low (<3 milligrams per kilogram). In contrast, data from the November 2011 study indicated that the concentrations of filtered total mercury in the well located in the central fill area had tidally influenced concentrations of up to 500 nanograms per liter and elevated concentrations of total mercury of solids (29–41 milligrams per kilogram). This suggests that releases from this area, which has not been previously studied in detail, may be substantial.\n\nPrevious measurements of total mercury of suspended solids in the dry dock discharges revealed high concentration of total mercury when suspended-solids concentrations were low. However, this result could have been owing to bias from sequential sampling during changing suspended‑solids concentrations. Sampling of two dry dock systems on the complex in a manner that precluded this bias confirmed that suspended-solids concentrations and total mercury concentrations of suspended solids varied considerably during pumping cycles. These new data result in revised estimates of solids loadings from the dry docks. Although most of the solids discharged by the dry docks seem to be recycled Operable Unit B Marine sediment, a total of about 3.2 metric tons of solids per year containing high concentrations of total mercury were estimated to be discharged by the two dry dock systems. A simple calculation, in which solids (from dry docks, the steam plant, and tidal flushing of the largest stormwater drain) are widely dispersed throughout Operable Unit B Marine, suggests that Bremerton naval complex solids would likely have little effect on Operable Unit B Marine sediments because of high concentrations of mercury already present in the sediment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135081","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Navy Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Northwest","usgsCitation":"Paulson, A.J., Conn, K., and DeWild, J.F., 2013, Improved estimates of filtered total mercury loadings and total mercury concentrations of solids from potential sources to Sinclair Inlet, Kitsap County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5081, vi, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135081.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"46","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272768,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135081.png"},{"id":272766,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5081/"},{"id":272767,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5081/pdf/sir20135081.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Kitsap County","otherGeospatial":"Sinclair Inlet","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.04,47.4 ], [ -123.04,47.97 ], [ -122.43,47.97 ], [ -122.43,47.4 ], [ -123.04,47.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"519f2c5ce4b0687ba0506b5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paulson, Anthony J. 0000-0002-2358-8834 apaulson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-8834","contributorId":5236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulson","given":"Anthony","email":"apaulson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conn, Kathleen E. 0000-0002-2334-6536 kconn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2334-6536","contributorId":3923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"Kathleen E.","email":"kconn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeWild, John F. 0000-0003-4097-2798 jfdewild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-2798","contributorId":2525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWild","given":"John","email":"jfdewild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046081,"text":"sir20135007 - 2013 - Relation of watershed setting and stream nutrient yields at selected sites in central and eastern North Carolina, 1997-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T20:36:54","indexId":"sir20135007","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5007","title":"Relation of watershed setting and stream nutrient yields at selected sites in central and eastern North Carolina, 1997-2008","docAbstract":"Data collected between 1997 and 2008 at 48 stream sites were used to characterize relations between watershed settings and stream nutrient yields throughout central and eastern North Carolina. The focus of the investigation was to identify environmental variables in watersheds that influence nutrient export for supporting the development and prioritization of management strategies for restoring nutrient-impaired streams.\n\nNutrient concentration data and streamflow data compiled for the 1997 to 2008 study period were used to compute stream yields of nitrate, total nitrogen (N), and total phosphorus (P) for each study site. Compiled environmental data (including variables for land cover, hydrologic soil groups, base-flow index, streams, wastewater treatment facilities, and concentrated animal feeding operations) were used to characterize the watershed settings for the study sites. Data for the environmental variables were analyzed in combination with the stream nutrient yields to explore relations based on watershed characteristics and to evaluate whether particular variables were useful indicators of watersheds having relatively higher or lower potential for exporting nutrients.\n\nData evaluations included an examination of median annual nutrient yields based on a watershed land-use classification scheme developed as part of the study. An initial examination of the data indicated that the highest median annual nutrient yields occurred at both agricultural and urban sites, especially for urban sites having large percentages of point-source flow contributions to the streams. The results of statistical testing identified significant differences in annual nutrient yields when sites were analyzed on the basis of watershed land-use category. When statistical differences in median annual yields were noted, the results for nitrate, total N, and total P were similar in that highly urbanized watersheds (greater than 30 percent developed land use) and (or) watersheds with greater than 10 percent point-source flow contributions to streamflow had higher yields relative to undeveloped watersheds (having less than 10 and 15 percent developed and agricultural land uses, respectively) and watersheds with relatively low agricultural land use (between 15 and 30 percent). The statistical tests further indicated that the median annual yields for total P were statistically higher for watersheds with high agricultural land use (greater than 30 percent) compared to the undeveloped watersheds and watersheds with low agricultural land use. The total P yields also were higher for watersheds with low urban land use (between 10 and 30 percent developed land) compared to the undeveloped watersheds. The study data indicate that grouping and examining stream nutrient yields based on the land-use classifications used in this report can be useful for characterizing relations between watershed settings and nutrient yields in streams located throughout central and eastern North Carolina.\n\nCompiled study data also were analyzed with four regression tree models as a means of determining which watershed environmental variables or combination of variables result in basins that are likely to have high or low nutrient yields. The regression tree analyses indicated that some of the environmental variables examined in this study were useful for predicting yields of nitrate, total N, and total P. When the median annual nutrient yields for all 48 sites were evaluated as a group (Model 1), annual point-source flow yields had the greatest influence on nitrate and total N yields observed in streams, and annual streamflow yields had the greatest influence on yields of total P. The Model 1 results indicated that watersheds with higher annual point-source flow yields had higher annual yields of nitrate and total N, and watersheds with higher annual streamflow yields had higher annual yields of total P.\n\nWhen sites with high point-source flows (greater than 10 percent of total streamflow) were excluded from the regression tree analyses (Models 2–4), the percentage of forested land in the watersheds was identified as the primary environmental variable influencing stream yields for both total N and total P. Models 2, 3 and 4 did not identify any watershed environmental variables that could adequately explain the observed variability in the nitrate yields among the set of sites examined by each of these models. The results for Models 2, 3, and 4 indicated that watersheds with higher percentages of forested land had lower annual total N and total P yields compared to watersheds with lower percentages of forested land, which had higher median annual total N and total P yields. Additional environmental variables determined to further influence the stream nutrient yields included median annual percentage of point-source flow contributions to the streams, variables of land cover (percentage of forested land, agricultural land, and (or) forested land plus wetlands) in the watershed and (or) in the stream buffer, and drainage area. The regression tree models can serve as a tool for relating differences in select watershed attributes to differences in stream yields of nitrate, total N, and total P, which can provide beneficial information for improving nutrient management in streams throughout North Carolina and for reducing nutrient loads to coastal waters.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality","usgsCitation":"Harden, S.L., Cuffney, T.F., Terziotti, S., and Kolb, K.R., 2013, Relation of watershed setting and stream nutrient yields at selected sites in central and eastern North Carolina, 1997-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5007, vii, 47 p.; 4 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135007.","productDescription":"vii, 47 p.; 4 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"59","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1997-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272761,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135007.png"},{"id":272757,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5007/Appendixes/Appendix1"},{"id":272755,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5007/"},{"id":272760,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5007/Appendixes/Appendix4"},{"id":272758,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5007/Appendixes/Appendix2"},{"id":272759,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5007/Appendixes/Appendix3"},{"id":272756,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5007/pdf/sir2013-5007.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.32,33.84 ], [ -84.32,36.59 ], [ -75.46,36.59 ], [ -75.46,33.84 ], [ -84.32,33.84 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"519f2c5de4b0687ba0506b6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harden, Stephen L. 0000-0001-6886-0099 slharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-0099","contributorId":2212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Stephen","email":"slharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cuffney, Thomas F. 0000-0003-1164-5560 tcuffney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1164-5560","contributorId":517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffney","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuffney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terziotti, Silvia 0000-0003-3559-5844 seterzio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-5844","contributorId":1613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terziotti","given":"Silvia","email":"seterzio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolb, Katharine R. 0000-0002-1663-1662 kkolb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1663-1662","contributorId":16299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolb","given":"Katharine","email":"kkolb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046080,"text":"ofr20131114 - 2013 - Nahcolite and halite deposition through time during the saline mineral phase of Eocene Lake Uinta, Piceance Basin, western Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T14:05:09","indexId":"ofr20131114","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1114","title":"Nahcolite and halite deposition through time during the saline mineral phase of Eocene Lake Uinta, Piceance Basin, western Colorado","docAbstract":"Halite and the sodium bicarbonate mineral nahcolite were deposited during the saline phase of Eocene Lake Uinta in the Piceance Basin, western Colorado. Variations in the area of saline mineral deposition through time were interpreted from studies of core and outcrop. Saline minerals were extensively leached by groundwater, so the original extent of saline deposition was estimated from the distribution of empty vugs and collapse breccias. Vugs and breccias strongly influence groundwater movement, so determining where leaching has occurred is an important consideration for in-situ oil shale extraction methods currently being developed.\n\nLake Uinta formed when two smaller fresh water lakes, one in the Uinta Basin of eastern Utah and the other in the Piceance Basin of western Colorado, expanded and coalesced across the Douglas Creek arch, an area of comparatively low subsidence rates. Salinity increased shortly after this expansion, but saline mineral deposition did not begin until later, after a period of prolonged infilling created broad lake-margin shelves and a comparatively small deep central lake area. These shelves probably played a critical role in brine evolution. A progression from disseminated nahcolite and nahcolite aggregates to bedded nahcolite and ultimately to bedded nahcolite and halite was deposited in this deep lake area during the early stages of saline deposition along with rich oil shale that commonly shows signs of slumping and lateral transport. The area of saline mineral and rich oil shale deposition subsequently expanded, in part due to infilling of the compact deep area, and in part because of an increase in water flow into Lake Uinta, possibly due to outflow from Lake Gosiute to the north. Finally, as Lake Uinta in the Piceance Basin was progressively filled from north to south by volcano-clastic sediment, the saline depocenter was pushed progressively southward, eventually covering much of the areas that had previously been marginal shelves. A saline depocenter formed in the eastern Uinta Basin during this progradation, and saline minerals were deposited in both basins for a time. Ultimately, the saline depocenter in the Piceance Basin was completely filled in and saline mineral deposition shifted entirely into the Uinta Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131114","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.C., and Brownfield, M.E., 2013, Nahcolite and halite deposition through time during the saline mineral phase of Eocene Lake Uinta, Piceance Basin, western Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1114, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131114.","productDescription":"71 p.","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131114.png"},{"id":272752,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1114/"},{"id":272753,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1114/OF13-1114_508.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Lake Uinta;Piceance Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"519f2c5ce4b0687ba0506b62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138 mbrownfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":1548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"mbrownfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046073,"text":"pp1798C - 2013 - Peak streamflows and runoff volumes for the Central United States, February through September, 2011","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70046073,"text":"pp1798C - 2013 - Peak streamflows and runoff volumes for the Central United States, February through September, 2011","indexId":"pp1798C","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Peak streamflows and runoff volumes for the Central United States, February through September, 2011"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70047427,"text":"pp1798 - 2013 - 2011 floods of the central United States","indexId":"pp1798","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"2011 floods of the central United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70047427,"text":"pp1798 - 2013 - 2011 floods of the central United States","indexId":"pp1798","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"2011 floods of the central United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T13:18:41.991968","indexId":"pp1798C","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1798","chapter":"C","title":"Peak streamflows and runoff volumes for the Central United States, February through September, 2011","docAbstract":"During 2011, excessive precipitation resulted in widespread flooding in the Central United States with 33 fatalities and approximately $4.2 billion in damages reported in the Souris/Red River of the North (Souris/Red) and Mississippi River Basins. At different times, beginning in late February 2011 and extending through September 2011, various rivers in these basins had major flooding, with some locations receiving multiple rounds of flooding. Peak streamflow records were broken at 105 streamgages in the Souris/Red and Mississippi River Basins and annual runoff volume records set at 47 of the 211 streamgages analyzed for annual runoff. For the period of 1950 through 2011, the Ohio River provided almost one-half of the annual runoff at Vicksburg; the Missouri River contributed less than one-fourth, and the lower Mississippi River less than one-fourth. Those relative contribution patterns also occurred in 1973 and 2011, with the notable exception of the decrease in contribution of the lower Mississippi River tributaries and the increase in contribution from the upper Missouri River Basin in 2011 as compared to 1973 and the long-term average from 1950 to 2011.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2011 floods of the central United States (Professional Paper 1798)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1798C","usgsCitation":"Holmes, R.R., Wiche, G.J., Koenig, T.A., and Sando, S.K., 2013, Peak streamflows and runoff volumes for the Central United States, February through September, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1798, iv, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1798C.","productDescription":"iv, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-02-01","temporalEnd":"2011-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272649,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1798c/pp1798c.pdf"},{"id":272648,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1798c/"},{"id":272650,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1798C.gif"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,24.52 ], [ -124.41,49.0 ], [ -67.0,49.0 ], [ -67.0,24.52 ], [ -124.41,24.52 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"519f2c5ce4b0687ba0506b66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999 bholmes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":1624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"bholmes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koenig, Todd A. 0000-0001-5635-0219 tkoenig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5635-0219","contributorId":4463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"Todd","email":"tkoenig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sando, Steven K. 0000-0003-1206-1030 sksando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-1030","contributorId":1016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Steven","email":"sksando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046071,"text":"70046071 - 2013 - Arsenic and mercury in the soils of an industrial city in the Donets Basin, Ukraine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T12:20:54","indexId":"70046071","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3423,"text":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic and mercury in the soils of an industrial city in the Donets Basin, Ukraine","docAbstract":"Soil and house dust collected in and around Hg mines and a processing facility in Horlivka, a mid-sized city in the Donets Basin of southeastern Ukraine, have elevated As and Hg levels. Surface soils collected at a former Hg-processing facility had up to 1300 mg kg−1 As and 8800 mg kg−1 Hg; 1M HCl extractions showed 74–93% of the total As, and 1–13% of the total Hg to be solubilized, suggesting differential environmental mobility between these elements. In general, lower extractability of As and Hg was seen in soil samples up to 12 km from the Hg-processing facility, and the extractable (1M HCl, synthetic precipitation, deionized water) fractions of As are greater than those for Hg, indicating that Hg is present in a more resistant form than As. The means (standard deviation) of total As and Hg in grab samples collected from playgrounds and public spaces within 12 km of the industrial facility were 64 (±38) mg kg−1 As and 12 (±9.4) mg kg−1 Hg; all concentrations are elevated compared to regional soils. The mean concentrations of As and Hg in dust from homes in Horlivka were 5–15 times higher than dust from homes in a control city. Estimates of possible exposure to As and Hg through inadvertent soil ingestion are provided.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2013.750270","usgsCitation":"Conko, K.M., Landa, E.R., Kolker, A., Kozlov, K., Gibb, H.J., Centeno, J., Panov, B.S., and Panov, Y.B., 2013, Arsenic and mercury in the soils of an industrial city in the Donets Basin, Ukraine: Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, v. 22, no. 5, p. 574-593, https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2013.750270.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"574","endPage":"593","ipdsId":"IP-021384","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272745,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272646,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2013.750270"}],"country":"Ukraine","otherGeospatial":"Donets Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 22.14,44.39 ], [ 22.14,52.38 ], [ 40.23,52.38 ], [ 40.23,44.39 ], [ 22.14,44.39 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"519f2c5ae4b0687ba0506b4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conko, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-6361-4921 kmconko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4921","contributorId":2930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conko","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmconko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landa, Edward R. erlanda@usgs.gov","contributorId":2112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"Edward","email":"erlanda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kozlov, Kostiantyn","contributorId":57755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozlov","given":"Kostiantyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gibb, Herman J.","contributorId":65370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibb","given":"Herman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Centeno, Jose","contributorId":17516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Centeno","given":"Jose","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Panov, Boris S.","contributorId":37628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panov","given":"Boris","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Panov, Yuri B.","contributorId":92155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panov","given":"Yuri","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70046056,"text":"70046056 - 2013 - Seawater circulation in sediments driven by interactions between seabed topography and fluid density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:26:09","indexId":"70046056","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seawater circulation in sediments driven by interactions between seabed topography and fluid density","docAbstract":"Measurements of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in coastal areas often show that the saltwater discharge component is substantially greater than the freshwater discharge. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain these high saltwater discharge values, including saltwater circulation driven by wave and tidal pumping, wave and tidal setup in intertidal areas, currents over bedforms, and density gradients resulting from mixing along the freshwater-saltwater interface. In this study, a new mechanism for saltwater circulation and discharge is proposed and evaluated. The process results from interaction between bedform topography and buoyancy forces, even without flow or current over the bedform. In this mechanism, an inverted salinity (and density) profile in the presence of both a bedform on the seafloor and an upward flow of fresher groundwater from depth induces a downward flow of saline pore water under the troughs and upward flow under the adjacent crest of the bedform. The magnitude and occurrence of the mechanism were tested using numerical methods. The results indicate that this mechanism could drive seawater circulation under a limited range of conditions and contribute 20%–30% of local SGD when and where the process is operative. Bedform shape, hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic head, and salinity at depth in the porous media, aquifer thickness, effective porosity, and hydrodynamic dispersion are among the factors that control the occurrence and magnitude of the circulation of seawater by this mechanism.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/wrcr.20121","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., Akhavan, M., Langevin, C., Michael, H., and Sawyer, A., 2013, Seawater circulation in sediments driven by interactions between seabed topography and fluid density: Water Resources Research, v. 49, no. 3, p. 1386-1399, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20121.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1386","endPage":"1399","ipdsId":"IP-040793","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272746,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20121"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"519f2c5de4b0687ba0506b72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Akhavan, M.","contributorId":22659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akhavan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michael, H.A.","contributorId":98858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sawyer, A.H.","contributorId":33197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70046049,"text":"70046049 - 2013 - Climate warming shifts carbon allocation from stemwood to roots in calcium-depleted spruce forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T15:05:08","indexId":"70046049","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate warming shifts carbon allocation from stemwood to roots in calcium-depleted spruce forests","docAbstract":"Increased greening of northern forests, measured by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), has been presented as evidence that a warmer climate has increased both net primary productivity (NPP) and the carbon sink in boreal forests. However, higher production and greener canopies may accompany changes in carbon allocation that favor foliage or fine roots over less decomposable woody biomass. Furthermore, tree core data throughout mid- and northern latitudes have revealed a divergence problem (DP), a weakening in tree ring responses to warming over the past half century that is receiving increasing attention, but remains poorly understood. Often, the same sites exhibit trend inconsistency phenomenon (TIP), namely positive, or no trends in growing season NDVI where negative trends in tree ring indexes are observed. Here we studied growth of two Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands in western Russia that exhibited both the DP and TIP but were subject to soil acidification and calcium depletion of differing timing and severity. Our results link the decline in radial growth starting in 1980 to a shift in carbon allocation from wood to roots driven by a combination of two factors: (a) soil acidification that depleted calcium and impaired root function and (b) earlier onset of the growing season that further taxed the root system. The latter change in phenology appears to act as a trigger at both sites to push trees into nutrient limitation as the demand for Ca increased with the longer growing season, thereby causing the shift in carbon allocation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2011GB004268","usgsCitation":"Lapenis, A.G., Lawrence, G.B., Heim, A., Zheng, C., and Shortle, W., 2013, Climate warming shifts carbon allocation from stemwood to roots in calcium-depleted spruce forests: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 27, no. 1, p. 101-107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004268.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"107","ipdsId":"IP-027588","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gb004268","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":272763,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272762,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004268"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"519f2c5be4b0687ba0506b56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lapenis, Andrei Gennady","contributorId":11922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapenis","given":"Andrei","email":"","middleInitial":"Gennady","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heim, Alexander","contributorId":58541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heim","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zheng, Chengyang","contributorId":75048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Chengyang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shortle, Walter","contributorId":22233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shortle","given":"Walter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70046045,"text":"70046045 - 2013 - A USANS/SANS study of the accessibility of pores in the Barnett Shale to methane and water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T12:55:44","indexId":"70046045","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1506,"text":"Energy & Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A USANS/SANS study of the accessibility of pores in the Barnett Shale to methane and water","docAbstract":"Shale is an increasingly important source of natural gas in the United States. The gas is held in fine pores that need to be accessed by horizontal drilling and hydrofracturing techniques. Understanding the nature of the pores may provide clues to making gas extraction more efficient. We have investigated two Mississippian Barnett Shale samples, combining small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering (USANS) to determine the pore size distribution of the shale over the size range 10 nm to 10 μm. By adding deuterated methane (CD4) and, separately, deuterated water (D2O) to the shale, we have identified the fraction of pores that are accessible to these compounds over this size range. The total pore size distribution is essentially identical for the two samples. At pore sizes >250 nm, >85% of the pores in both samples are accessible to both CD4 and D2O. However, differences in accessibility to CD4 are observed in the smaller pore sizes (~25 nm). In one sample, CD4 penetrated the smallest pores as effectively as it did the larger ones. In the other sample, less than 70% of the smallest pores (<25 nm) were accessible to CD4, but they were still largely penetrable by water, suggesting that small-scale heterogeneities in methane accessibility occur in the shale samples even though the total porosity does not differ. An additional study investigating the dependence of scattered intensity with pressure of CD4 allows for an accurate estimation of the pressure at which the scattered intensity is at a minimum. This study provides information about the composition of the material immediately surrounding the pores. Most of the accessible (open) pores in the 25 nm size range can be associated with either mineral matter or high reflectance organic material. However, a complementary scanning electron microscopy investigation shows that most of the pores in these shale samples are contained in the organic components. The neutron scattering results indicate that the pores are not equally proportioned in the different constituents within the shale. There is some indication from the SANS results that the composition of the pore-containing material varies with pore size; the pore size distribution associated with mineral matter is different from that associated with organic phases.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Energy & Fuels","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ef301859s","usgsCitation":"Ruppert, L.F., Sakurovs, R., Blach, T.P., He, L., Melnichenko, Y., Mildner, D.F., and Alcantar-Lopez, L., 2013, A USANS/SANS study of the accessibility of pores in the Barnett Shale to methane and water: Energy & Fuels, v. 27, no. 2, p. 772-779, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef301859s.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"772","endPage":"779","ipdsId":"IP-042255","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272750,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef301859s"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Barnett Shale","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.65,25.84 ], [ -106.65,36.5 ], [ -93.51,36.5 ], [ -93.51,25.84 ], [ -106.65,25.84 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"519f2c52e4b0687ba0506b46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppert, Leslie F. 0000-0002-7453-1061 lruppert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1061","contributorId":660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Leslie","email":"lruppert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sakurovs, Richard","contributorId":68633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakurovs","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blach, Tomasz P.","contributorId":99866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blach","given":"Tomasz","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"He, Lilin","contributorId":107594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Lilin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melnichenko, Yuri B.","contributorId":98202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melnichenko","given":"Yuri B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mildner, David F.","contributorId":65747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mildner","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Alcantar-Lopez, Leo","contributorId":8361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alcantar-Lopez","given":"Leo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70046078,"text":"fs20133028 - 2013 - Visualizing flow fields using acoustic Doppler current profilers and the Velocity Mapping Toolbox","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-10T20:33:55.036383","indexId":"fs20133028","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3028","title":"Visualizing flow fields using acoustic Doppler current profilers and the Velocity Mapping Toolbox","docAbstract":"The purpose of this fact sheet is to provide examples of how the U.S. Geological Survey is using acoustic Doppler current profilers for much more than routine discharge measurements. These instruments are capable of mapping complex three-dimensional flow fields within rivers, lakes, and estuaries. Using the Velocity Mapping Toolbox to process the ADCP data allows detailed visualization of the data, providing valuable information for a range of studies and applications.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133028","usgsCitation":"Jackson, P., 2013, Visualizing flow fields using acoustic Doppler current profilers and the Velocity Mapping Toolbox: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3028, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133028.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":505342,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98495.htm","text":"Villa Angela Beach area, Ohio","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":505341,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98494.htm","text":"Clinton Lake, Illinois","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":272698,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133028.gif"},{"id":272690,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3028/"},{"id":272693,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3028/pdf/fs2013-3028.pdf"},{"id":505343,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98496.htm","text":"near mouth of the Wabash River, Illinois-Indiana","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"519f2c5fe4b0687ba0506b82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, P. Ryan","contributorId":68571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P.","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046051,"text":"ofr20121275 - 2013 - Chronology from sediment cores collected in southwestern Everglades National Park, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-22T13:34:51","indexId":"ofr20121275","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1275","title":"Chronology from sediment cores collected in southwestern Everglades National Park, Florida","docAbstract":"Age model data are presented for 10 cores from the southwestern coastal mangrove zone of Everglades National Park, Florida, collected in Common Era (CE) 2004 and 2005 and used for paleoecological analysis. Carbon-14 (14C), lead-210 (210Pb), cesium-137 (137Cs), radium-226 (226Ra), and pollen biostratigraphic information is included, and age models were generated for 6 of the 10 cores. Age reversals and sediment disturbance prevented construction of age models on the remaining four cores. Four cores present a continuous record of the last 50 to 100 years, making them useful for analyzing the impacts caused by changes in water management in south Florida. These cores are Harney River 2A and Harney River 1A, Shark River 2A, and Roberts River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121275","usgsCitation":"Bernhardt, C., Wingard, G., Willard, D., Marot, M.E., Landacre, B., and Holmes, C.W., 2013, Chronology from sediment cores collected in southwestern Everglades National Park, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1275, vi, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121275.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"65","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272537,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121275.gif"},{"id":272535,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1275/"},{"id":272536,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1275/OF2012-1275.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.0586,25.1621 ], [ -81.0586,25.3402 ], [ -80.5569,25.3402 ], [ -80.5569,25.1621 ], [ -81.0586,25.1621 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"519ddad2e4b0ac3d2125b728","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernhardt, C.E.","contributorId":65554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wingard, G.L.","contributorId":79981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":85982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marot, M. E.","contributorId":7733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marot","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landacre, B.","contributorId":11037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landacre","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holmes, C. W.","contributorId":36076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70229809,"text":"70229809 - 2013 - Impacts of migratory Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis) on microbial water quality in the central Platte River, Nebraska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-17T14:47:02.064714","indexId":"70229809","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-21T09:32:52","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Impacts of migratory Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis) on microbial water quality in the central Platte River, Nebraska, USA","title":"Impacts of migratory Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis) on microbial water quality in the central Platte River, Nebraska, USA","docAbstract":"Wild birds have been shown to be significant sources of numerous types of pathogens that are relevant to humans and agriculture. The presence of large numbers of migratory birds in such a sensitive and important ecosystem as the Platte River in central Nebraska, USA, could potentially serve a significant source of bird-derived pathogens in the water/sediment and riverine environment. In 2009 and 2010, a study was completed to investigate the potential water-quality impacts of Sandhill Cranes and Snow Geese on the microbial water quality of the central Platte River during their spring migration period. Fecal material, river-bottom sediment, and water samples were collected from January through May of each year during the spring migration season of Sandhill Cranes in the Central Flyway of North America. Results indicate that several types of fecal indicator bacteria and from a range of viral, protozoan, and bacterial pathogens, Campylobacter jejuni were present in Sandhill Crane excreta, and at significantly higher frequency and densities in water and sediments when the Sandhill Cranes were present, particularly during evening roosts within the Platte River environment. Therefore, further investigation of the health significance of avian pathogens is warranted for the Platte River in Central Nebraska during migration of Sandhill Cranes and other waterfowl.
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2013 - Streamflow of 2012--Water year summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-11T21:24:43.98464","indexId":"fs20133026","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3026","title":"Streamflow of 2012--Water year summary","docAbstract":"The maps and graphs in this summary describe streamflow conditions for water year 2012 (October 1, 2011, to September 30, 2012) in the context of the 83-year period from 1930 through 2012, unless otherwise noted. The illustrations are based on observed data from the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Streamflow Information Program (http://water.usgs.gov/nsip/). The period 1930–2012 was used because, prior to 1930, the number of streamgages was too small to provide representative data for computing statistics for most regions of the country. In the summary, reference is made to the term “runoff,” which is the depth to which a river basin, State, or other geographic area would be covered with water if all the streamflow within the area during a specified time period was uniformly distributed upon it. Runoff quantifies the magnitude of water flowing through the Nation’s rivers and streams in measurement units that can be compared from one area to another.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133026","usgsCitation":"Jian, X., Wolock, D.M., Lins, H.F., and Brady, S., 2013, Streamflow of 2012--Water Year Summary: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3026, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133026.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-10-01","temporalEnd":"2012-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":505535,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98490.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":272527,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3026/"},{"id":272526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3026/fs2013-3026.pdf"},{"id":272528,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133026.gif"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -173.0,16.916667 ], [ -173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ -173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"519c8950e4b0ce6c26df430e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jian, Xiaodong 0000-0002-9173-3482 xjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-3482","contributorId":1282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jian","given":"Xiaodong","email":"xjian@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brady, Steve","contributorId":108351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046048,"text":"ofr20061260I - 2013 - Surficial geologic map of the Mount Grace-Ashburnham-Monson-Webster 24-quadrangle area in central Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-21T16:02:05","indexId":"ofr20061260I","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1260","chapter":"I","title":"Surficial geologic map of the Mount Grace-Ashburnham-Monson-Webster 24-quadrangle area in central Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The surficial geologic map shows the distribution of nonlithified earth materials at land surface in an area of 24 7.5-minute quadrangles (1,238 mi2 total) in central Massachusetts. Across Massachusetts, these materials range from a few feet to more than 500 ft in thickness. They overlie bedrock, which crops out in upland hills and as resistant ledges in valley areas. The geologic map differentiates surficial materials of Quaternary age on the basis of their lithologic characteristics (such as grain size and sedimentary structures), constructional geomorphic features, stratigraphic relationships, and age. Surficial materials also are known in engineering classifications as unconsolidated soils, which include coarse-grained soils, fine-grained soils, and organic fine-grained soils. Surficial materials underlie and are the parent materials of modern pedogenic soils, which have developed in them at the land surface. Surficial earth materials significantly affect human use of the land, and an accurate description of their distribution is particularly important for assessing water resources, construction-aggregate resources, and earth-surface hazards, and for making land-use decisions. This work is part of a comprehensive study to produce a statewide digital map of the surficial geology at a 1:24,000-scale level of accuracy. This report includes explanatory text (PDF), quadrangle maps at 1:24,000 scale (PDF files), GIS data layers (ArcGIS shapefiles), metadata for the GIS layers, scanned topographic base maps (TIF), and a readme.txt file.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061260I","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Massachusetts Geological Survey and Office of Geographic Information (MassGIS), Information Technology Division","usgsCitation":"Stone, J.R., 2013, Surficial geologic map of the Mount Grace-Ashburnham-Monson-Webster 24-quadrangle area in central Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1260, Report: iv, 19 p.; Downloads Directory; 24K_GRAPHICS Directory; Zip File, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061260I.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 19 p.; Downloads Directory; 24K_GRAPHICS Directory; Zip File","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061260i.png"},{"id":272531,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1260/I/Downloads"},{"id":272529,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1260/I/OFR2006-1260-I.pdf"},{"id":272532,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1260/I/24k_GRAPHICS"},{"id":272533,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1260/I/OFR2006-1260I.zip"},{"id":272530,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1260/I/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.6855,42.5854 ], [ -72.6855,41.9595 ], [ 71.8835,41.9595 ], [ 71.8835,42.5854 ], [ -72.6855,42.5854 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"519c8958e4b0ce6c26df4312","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Janet Radway jrstone@usgs.gov","contributorId":1695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Janet","email":"jrstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Radway","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046019,"text":"sim3255 - 2013 - Flood-inundation maps for the East Fork White River at Columbus, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-20T13:25:17","indexId":"sim3255","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3255","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the East Fork White River at Columbus, Indiana","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 5.4-mile reach of the East Fork White River at Columbus, Indiana, from where the Flatrock and Driftwood Rivers combine to make up East Fork White River to just upstream of the confluence of Clifty Creek with the East Fork White River, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation, depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at USGS streamgage 03364000, East Fork White River at Columbus, Indiana. Current conditions at the USGS streamgage may be obtained on the Internet from the USGS National Water Information System (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/uv/?site_no=03364000&agency_cd=USGS&). The National Weather Service (NWS) forecasts flood hydrographs for the East Fork White River at Columbus, Indiana at their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system Website (http://water.weather.gov/ahps/), that may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation. In this study, flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relation at USGS streamgage 03364000, East Fork White River at Columbus, Indiana. The calibrated hydraulic model was then used to determine 15 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot (ft) intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to approximately the highest recorded water level at the streamgage. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model (derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data), having a 0.37-ft vertical accuracy and a 1.02 ft horizontal accuracy), in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level. The availability of these maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage at Columbus, Indiana, and forecasted stream stages from the NWS will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3255","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Lombard, P., 2013, Flood-inundation maps for the East Fork White River at Columbus, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3255, Pamphlet: vi, 7 p.; Map Sheets: 15 JPEGs, 15 PDFs 17 x 22 inches; Downloads Directory; Readme; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3255.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 7 p.; Map Sheets: 15 JPEGs, 15 PDFs 17 x 22 inches; Downloads Directory; Readme; Metadata","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3255.gif"},{"id":272440,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/pdf/pdf-mapsheets/sheet11_617.7_SIM3255.pdf"},{"id":272444,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/pdf/pdf-mapsheets/sheet12_618.7_SIM3255.pdf"},{"id":272413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/pdf/pdf-mapsheets/sheet03_609.7_SIM3255.pdf"},{"id":272445,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/pdf/pdf-mapsheets/sheet13_619.7_SIM3255.pdf"},{"id":272453,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/Downloads/metadata"},{"id":272451,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/Downloads"},{"id":272452,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/Downloads/Readme.txt"},{"id":272447,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/pdf/pdf-mapsheets/sheet14_620.7_SIM3255.pdf"},{"id":272425,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/pdf/pdf-mapsheets/sheet06_612.7_SIM3255.pdf"},{"id":272428,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/pdf/pdf-mapsheets/sheet07_613.7_SIM3255.pdf"},{"id":272449,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/pdf/pdf-mapsheets/sheet15_621.7_SIM3255.pdf"},{"id":272437,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/pdf/pdf-mapsheets/sheet10_616.7_SIM3255.pdf"},{"id":272434,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/pdf/pdf-mapsheets/sheet09_615.7_SIM3255.pdf"},{"id":272388,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/"},{"id":272389,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/pdf/sim3255.pdf"},{"id":272405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/pdf/pdf-mapsheets/sheet01_607.7_SIM3255.pdf"},{"id":272418,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/pdf/pdf-mapsheets/sheet04_610.7_SIM3255.pdf"},{"id":272421,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/pdf/pdf-mapsheets/sheet05_611.7_SIM3255.pdf"},{"id":272432,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/pdf/pdf-mapsheets/sheet08_614.7_SIM3255.pdf"},{"id":272409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3255/pdf/pdf-mapsheets/sheet02_608.7_SIM3255.pdf"}],"projection":"Indiana State Plane Eastern Zone","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Columbus","otherGeospatial":"White River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.99617,39.149898 ], [ -85.99617,39.210643 ], [ -85.884247,39.210643 ], [ -85.884247,39.149898 ], [ -85.99617,39.149898 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"519b37dbe4b0e4e151ef5cba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lombard, Pamela J. 0000-0002-0983-1906","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-1906","contributorId":23899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Pamela J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}