The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District; City of Corpus Christi; Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority; San Antonio River Authority; and San Antonio Water System, developed, calibrated, and tested a Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) watershed model to simulate streamflow and suspended-sediment concentrations and loads during 1958-2010 in the lower Nueces River watershed, downstream from Lake Corpus Christi to the Nueces Estuary in south Texas. Data available to simulate suspended-sediment concentrations and loads consisted of historical sediment data collected during 1942-82 in the study area and suspended-sediment concentration data collected periodically by the USGS during 2006-7 and 2010 at three USGS streamflow-gaging stations (08211000 Nueces River near Mathis, Tex. [the Mathis gage], 08211200 Nueces River at Bluntzer, Tex. [the Bluntzer gage], and 08211500 Nueces River at Calallen, Tex. [the Calallen gage]), and at one ungaged location on a Nueces River tributary (USGS station 08211050 Bayou Creek at Farm Road 666 near Mathis, Tex.). The Mathis gage is downstream from Wesley E. Seale Dam, which was completed in 1958 to impound Lake Corpus Christi. Suspended-sediment data collected before and after completion of Wesley E. Seale Dam provide insights to the effects of the dam and reservoir on suspended-sediment loads transported by the lower Nueces River downstream from the dam to the Nueces Estuary. Annual suspended-sediment loads at the Nueces River near the Mathis, Tex., gage were considerably lower for a given annual mean discharge after the dam was completed than before the dam was completed.
\nMost of the suspended sediment transported by the Nueces River downstream from Wesley E. Seale Dam occurred during high-flow releases from the dam or during floods. During October 1964-September 1971, about 536,000 tons of suspended sediment were transported by the Nueces River past the Mathis gage. Of this amount, about 473,000 tons, or about 88 percent, were transported by large runoff events (mean streamflow exceeding 1,000 cubic feet per second).
\nTo develop the watershed model to simulate suspended-sediment concentrations and loads in the lower Nueces River watershed during 1958-2010, streamflow simulations were calibrated and tested with available data for 2001-10 from the Bluntzer and Calallen gages. Streamflow data for the Nueces River obtained from the Mathis gage were used as input to the model at the upstream boundary of the model. Simulated streamflow volumes for the Bluntzer and Calallen gages showed good agreement with measured streamflow volumes. For 2001-10, simulated streamflow at the Calallen gage was within 3 percent of measured streamflow.
\nThe HSPF model was calibrated to simulate suspended sediment using suspended-sediment data collected at the Mathis, Bluntzer, and Calallen gages during 2006-7. Model simulated suspended-sediment loads at the Calallen gage were within 5 percent of loads that were estimated, by regression, from suspended-sediment sample analysis and measured streamflow. The calibrated watershed model was used to estimate streamflow and suspended-sediment loads for 1958-2010, including loads transported to the Nueces Estuary. During 1958-2010, on average, an estimated 288 tons per day (tons/d) of suspended sediment were delivered to the lower Nueces River; an estimated 278 tons/d were delivered to the estuary. The annual suspended-sediment load was highly variable, depending on the occurrence of runoff events and high streamflows. During 1958-2010, the annual total sediment loads to the estuary varied from an estimated 3.8 to 2,490 tons/d. On average, 113 tons/d, or about 39 percent of the estimated annual suspended-sediment contribution, originated from cropland in the study watershed. Releases from Lake Corpus Christi delivered an estimated 94 tons/d of suspended sediment or about 33 percent of the 288 tons/d estimated to have been delivered to the lower Nueces River. Erosion of stream-channel bed and banks accounted for 44 tons/d or about 15 percent of the estimated total suspended-sediment load. All other land categories, except cropland, accounted for an estimated 36 tons/d, or about 12 percent of the total. An estimated 10 tons/d of suspended sediment or about 3 percent of the suspended-sediment load delivered to the lower Nueces River were removed by water withdrawals before reaching the Nueces Estuary.
\nDuring 2010, additional suspended-sediment data were collected during selected runoff events to provide new data for model testing and to help better understand the sources of suspended-sediment loads. The model was updated and used to estimate and compare sediment yields from each of 64 subwatersheds comprising the lower Nueces River watershed study area for three selected runoff events: November 20-21, 2009, September 7-8, 2010, and September 20-21, 2010. These three runoff events were characterized by heavy rainfall centered near the study area and during which minimal streamflow and suspended-sediment load entered the lower Nueces River upstream from Wesley E. Seale Dam. During all three runoff events, model simulations showed that the greatest sediment yields originated from the subwatersheds, which were largely cropland. In particular, the Bayou Creek subwatersheds were major contributors of suspended-sediment load to the lower Nueces River during the selected runoff events. During the November 2009 runoff event, high suspended-sediment concentrations in the Nueces River water withdrawn for the City of Corpus Christi public-water supply caused problems during the water-treatment process, resulting in failure to meet State water-treatment standards for turbidity in drinking water. Model simulations of the November 2009 runoff event showed that the Bayou Creek subwatersheds were the primary source of suspended-sediment loads during that runoff event.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135059","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District; City of Corpus Christi; Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority; San Antonio River Authority; and San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Ockerman, D.J., Heitmuller, F.T., and Wehmeyer, L.L., 2013, Sources of suspended-sediment loads in the lower Nueces River watershed, downstream from Lake Corpus Christi to the Nueces Estuary, south Texas, 1958–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5059, ix, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135059.","productDescription":"ix, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135059.gif"},{"id":271053,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5059/"},{"id":271054,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5059/pdf/sir2013-5059.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Lower Nueces River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.15,27.72 ], [ -98.15,28.26 ], [ -97.15,28.26 ], [ -97.15,27.72 ], [ -98.15,27.72 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517107dee4b0053160634243","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heitmuller, Franklin T.","contributorId":67476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heitmuller","given":"Franklin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wehmeyer, Loren L.","contributorId":90412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehmeyer","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045479,"text":"sir20135058 - 2013 - Baseline assessment of physical characteristics, aquatic biota, and selected water-quality properties at the reach and mesohabitat scale for reaches of Big Cypress, Black Cypress, and Little Cypress Bayous, Big Cypress Basin, northeastern Texas, 2010–11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T14:06:37","indexId":"sir20135058","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5058","title":"Baseline assessment of physical characteristics, aquatic biota, and selected water-quality properties at the reach and mesohabitat scale for reaches of Big Cypress, Black Cypress, and Little Cypress Bayous, Big Cypress Basin, northeastern Texas, 2010–11","docAbstract":"In 2010 and 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Northeast Texas Municipal Water District and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, did a baseline assessment of physical characteristics and aquatic biota (fish and mussels) collected at the mesohabitat scale for reaches of Big Cypress, Black Cypress, and Little Cypress Bayous in the Big Cypress Basin in northeastern Texas, and measured selected water-quality properties in isolated pools in Black Cypress and Little Cypress. All of the data were collected in the context of prescribed environmental flows. The information acquired during the course of the study will support the long-term monitoring of biota in relation to environmental flow prescriptions for Big Cypress Bayou, Black Cypress Bayou, and Little Cypress Bayou. Data collection and analysis were done at mesohabitat- and reach-specific scales, where a mesohabitat is defined as a discrete area within a stream that exhibits unique depth, velocity, slope, substrate, and cover.
\nBiological and physical characteristic data were collected from two sites on Big Cypress Bayou, and one site on both Black Cypress Bayou and Little Cypress Bayou. The upstream reach of Big Cypress Bayou (USGS station 07346015 Big Cypress Bayou at confluence of French Creek, Jefferson, Texas) is hereinafter referred to as the Big Cypress 02 site. The downstream site on Big Cypress Bayou (USGS station 07346017 Big Cypress Bayou near U.S. Highway 59 near Jefferson, Tex.) is hereinafter referred to as the Big Cypress 01 site and was sampled exclusively for mussels. The sites on Black Cypress Bayou (USGS station 07346044 Black Cypress Bayou near U.S. Highway 59 near Jefferson, Tex.) and Little Cypress Bayou (USGS station 07346071 Little Cypress Bayou near U.S. Highway 59 near Jefferson, Tex.) are hereinafter referred to as the Black Cypress and Little Cypress sites, respectively.
\nA small range of streamflows was targeted for data collection, including a period of low flow during July and August 2010 and a period of very low flow during July 2011. This scenario accounts for variability in the abundance and distribution of fish and mussels and in the physical characteristics of mesohabitats present during different flow conditions. Mussels were not collected from the Little Cypress site. However, a quantitative survey of freshwater mussels was conducted at Big Cypress 01.
\nOf the three reaches where physical habitat data were measured in 2010, Big Cypress 02 was both the widest and deepest, with a mean width of 62.2 feet (ft) and a mean depth of 5.5 ft in main-channel mesohabitats. Little Cypress was the second widest and deepest, with a mean width of 49.9 ft and a mean depth of 4.5 ft in main-channel mesohabitats. Black Cypress was by far the narrowest of the three reaches, with a mean width of 29.1 ft and a mean depth of 3.3 ft in main-channel mesohabitats but it had the highest mean velocity of 0.42 feet per second (ft/s). Appreciably more fish were collected from Big Cypress 02 (596) in summer 2010 compared to Black Cypress (273) or Little Cypress (359), but the total number of fish species collected among the three reaches was similar. Longear sunfish was the most abundant fish species collected from all three sites. The total number of fish species was largest in slow run mesohabitats at Big Cypress 02, fast runs at Black Cypress, and slow runs at Little Cypress. The catch-per-unit-effort of native minnows was largest in fast runs at Big Cypress 02. More species of native minnows, including the ironcolor and emerald shiner, were collected from Little Cypress relative to all other mesohabitats at all sites.
\nFifteen species and 182 individuals of freshwater mussels were collected, with 69.8 percent of the individual mussels collected from Big Cypress 02, 23.6 percent collected from Big Cypress 01, and 6.6 percent collected from Black Cypress. Big Cypress 01was the most species rich site with 13 species, and washboards were the most abundant species overall. Mussels were not collected from Little Cypress because there was no flow in this stream during the targeted sampling period in 2011.
\nOn July 30, 2010, when the estimated streamflow at the site (based on daily mean discharge measured at the upstream gage in conjunction with powerplant withdrawals) was 45 cubic feet per second (ft3/s), Big Cypress 02 had a mean width of 62.2 ft and a mean depth of 5.5 ft in main-channel mesohabitats. On July 27, 2011, when instantaneous streamflow at the site was 10 ft3/s, the mean width and mean depth in main-channel mesohabitats decreased to 49.6 ft and 3.1 ft, respectively. Mean velocity in 2010 (0.31 ft/s) was approximately twice as high as 2011 (0.17 ft/s) in main-channel mesohabitats. About 14 percent more fish were collected from Big Cypress 02 in 2010 relative to 2011, and about 18 percent fewer fish species were identified in 2011 at this site compared to 2010. Longear sunfish, which was the most abundant fish species collected in 2010, was second to western mosquitofish in 2011.
\nIn the absence of flow during fall 2011, the reach at Black Cypress was reduced to four isolated pools, and the reach at Little Cypress was reduced to three isolated pools. Dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and specific conductance data were collected from the pools because it was hypothesized that these conditions would be the most limiting with respect to aquatic life. Dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged from 0.58 milligrams per liter (mg/L) to 4.79 mg/L at Black Cypress and from 0.24 mg/L to 5.33 mg/L at Little Cypress; both sites exhibited a stratified pattern in dissolved oxygen concentrations along transect lines, but the pattern was less pronounced at Black Cypress.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135058","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northeast Texas Municipal Water District and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Braun, C.L., and Moring, J., 2013, Baseline assessment of physical characteristics, aquatic biota, and selected water-quality properties at the reach and mesohabitat scale for reaches of Big Cypress, Black Cypress, and Little Cypress Bayous, Big Cypress Basin, northeastern Texas, 2010–11: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5058, vii, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135058.","productDescription":"vii, 90 p.","numberOfPages":"101","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271057,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135058.gif"},{"id":271055,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5058/"},{"id":271056,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5058/sir2013-5058.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Big Cypress Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.5,32.6 ], [ -94.5,32.5 ], [ -94.17,32.5 ], [ -94.17,32.6 ], [ -94.5,32.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517107d2e4b005316063423f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braun, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5540-2854 clbraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-2854","contributorId":925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Christopher","email":"clbraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moring, James B. jbmoring@usgs.gov","contributorId":1509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"James B.","email":"jbmoring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045272,"text":"70045272 - 2013 - Vulnerability of streams to legacy nitrate sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-19T15:54:28","indexId":"70045272","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vulnerability of streams to legacy nitrate sources","docAbstract":"The influence of hydrogeologic setting on the susceptibility of streams to legacy nitrate was examined at seven study sites having a wide range of base flow index (BFI) values. BFI is the ratio of base flow to total streamflow volume. The portion of annual stream nitrate loads from base flow was strongly correlated with BFI. Furthermore, dissolved oxygen concentrations in streambed pore water were significantly higher in high BFI watersheds than in low BFI watersheds suggesting that geochemical conditions favor nitrate transport through the bed when BFI is high. Results from a groundwater-surface water interaction study at a high BFI watershed indicate that decades old nitrate-laden water is discharging to this stream. These findings indicate that high nitrate levels in this stream may be sustained for decades to come regardless of current practices. It is hypothesized that a first approximation of stream vulnerability to legacy nutrients may be made by geospatial analysis of watersheds with high nitrogen inputs and a strong connection to groundwater (e.g., high BFI).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications (American Chemical Society)","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es305026x","usgsCitation":"Tesoriero, A., Duff, J., Saad, D.A., Spahr, N.E., and Wolock, D.M., 2013, Vulnerability of streams to legacy nitrate sources: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 8, p. 3623-3629, https://doi.org/10.1021/es305026x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3623","endPage":"3629","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-042808","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271268,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es305026x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana;Maryl;Nebraska;North Carolina;Washington;Wisconsin","volume":"47","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5172679de4b0c173799e7abe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tesoriero, Anthony J.","contributorId":40207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"Anthony J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, John H.","contributorId":60102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spahr, Norman E. nspahr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"Norman","email":"nspahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":477179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045399,"text":"cir1383A - 2013 - U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Science Strategy—A Framework for Understanding and Responding to Global Change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-23T21:18:35.601132","indexId":"cir1383A","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-15T17:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1383","chapter":"A","displayTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey climate and land use change science strategy—A framework for understanding and responding to global change","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Science Strategy—A Framework for Understanding and Responding to Global Change","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), a nonregulatory Federal science agency with national scope and responsibilities, is uniquely positioned to serve the Nation’s needs in understanding and responding to global change, including changes in climate, water availability, sea level, land use and land cover, ecosystems, and global biogeochemical cycles. Global change is among the most challenging and formidable issues confronting our Nation and society. Scientists agree that global environmental changes during this century will have far-reaching societal implications (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007; U.S. Global Change Research Program, 2009). In the face of these challenges, the Nation can benefit greatly by using natural science information in decisionmaking.
Since the passage of the U.S. Global Change Research Act of 1990, the USGS has made substantial scientific contributions to understanding the interactive living and nonliving components of the Earth system. USGS natural science activities have led to fundamental advances in observing and understanding climate and land-cover change and the effects these changes have on ecosystems, natural-resource availability, and societal sustainability. Most of these major advances were pursued in partnership with other organizations within and outside the Department of the Interior. The inherent value of partnerships with other U.S. Global Change Research Program agencies and natural-resource managers is emphasized in all aspects of the planning and implementation of this Science Strategy for the coming decade.
Over the next 10 years, the USGS will make substantial contributions to understanding how Earth systems interact, respond to, and cause global change. The USGS will work with science partners, decisionmakers, and resource managers at local to international levels (including Native American tribes) to improve understanding of past and present change; develop relevant forecasts; and identify those lands, resources, and communities most vulnerable to global change processes. Science will play an essential role in helping communities and land and resource managers understand local to global implications, anticipate effects, prepare for changes, and reduce the risks associated with decisionmaking in a changing environment. USGS partners and stakeholders will benefit from the data, predictive models, and decision-support products and services resulting from the implementation of this strategy.
This Science Strategy recognizes core USGS strengths that are applied to key societal problems. It establishes seven goals for USGS global change science and strategic actions that may be implemented in the short term (1–5 years) and the longer term (5–10 years) to improve our understanding of the following areas of inquiry:
In addition to the seven thematic goals, we address the central role of monitoring in accordance with the USGS Science Strategy recommendation that global change research should rely on existing “…decades of observational data and long-term records to interpret consequences of climate variability and change to the Nation’s biological populations, ecosystems, and land and water resources” (U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, p. 19). We also briefly describe specific needs and opportunities for coordinating USGS global change science among USGS Mission Areas and address the need for a comprehensive and sustained communications strategy.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1383A","usgsCitation":"Burkett, V.R., Kirtland, D.A., Taylor, I.L., Belnap, Jayne, Cronin, T.M., Dettinger, M.D., Frazier, E.L., Haines, J.W., Loveland, T.R., Milly, P.C.D., O’Malley, Robin, Thompson, R.S., Maule, A.G., McMahon, Gerard, and Striegl, R.G., 2013, U.S. Geological Survey climate and land use change science strategy—A framework for understanding and responding to global change: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1383–A, 43 p.","productDescription":"viii, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270884,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1383a/images/coverthb.gif"},{"id":270883,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1383a/circ1383-A.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1383-A"}],"country":"United States","contact":"Land Resources
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Previous studies have shown inexplicable declines in breeding waterbirds within western New York/New Jersey Harbor between 1996 and 2002 and elevated polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs. The present study assessed associations between immune function, prefledgling survival, and selected organochlorine compounds and metals in herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) in lower New York Harbor during 2003. In pipping gull embryos, lymphoid cells were counted in the thymus and bursa of Fabricius (sites of T and B lymphocyte maturation, respectively). The phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin response assessed T cell function in gull and heron chicks. Lymphocyte proliferation was measured in vitro in adult and prefledgling gulls. Reference data came from the Great Lakes and Bay of Fundy. Survival of prefledgling gulls was poor, with only 0.68 and 0.5 chicks per nest surviving to three and four weeks after hatch, respectively. Developing lymphoid cells were reduced 51% in the thymus and 42% in the bursa of gull embryos from New York Harbor. In vitro lymphocyte assays demonstrated reduced spontaneous proliferation, reduced T cell mitogen-induced proliferation, and increased B cell mitogen-induced proliferation in gull chicks from New York Harbor. The PHA skin response was suppressed 70 to 80% in gull and heron chicks. Strong negative correlations (r = –0.95 to –0.98) between the PHA response and dioxins and PCBs in gull livers was strong evidence suggesting that these chemicals contribute significantly to immunosuppression in New York Harbor waterbirds.
","publisher":"SETAC","publisherLocation":"Brussels, Belgium","doi":"10.1002/etc.2089","usgsCitation":"Grasman, K.A., Echols, K.R., May, T.M., Peterman, P.H., Gale, R.W., and Orazio, C.E., 2013, Immunological and reproductive health assessment in herring gulls and black-crowned night herons in the Hudson–Raritan Estuary: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 32, no. 3, p. 548-561, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2089.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"548","endPage":"561","ipdsId":"IP-019715","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2089","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.5598,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,42.1524 ], [ -71.7711,42.1524 ], [ -71.7711,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,38.9286 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6208e4b0b290850fde8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grasman, Keith A.","contributorId":18660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grasman","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Echols, Kathy R. 0000-0003-2631-9143 kechols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9143","contributorId":2799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"Kathy","email":"kechols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Thomas M. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":75050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterman, Paul H. ppeterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Paul","email":"ppeterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gale, Robert W. 0000-0002-8533-141X rgale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-141X","contributorId":2808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"Robert","email":"rgale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Orazio, Carl E. 0000-0002-2532-9668 corazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-9668","contributorId":1366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"Carl","email":"corazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70045394,"text":"70045394 - 2013 - Distribution of Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus in watersheds of Puget Sound Based on smolt monitoring data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T15:46:28","indexId":"70045394","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus in watersheds of Puget Sound Based on smolt monitoring data","docAbstract":"Lamprey populations are in decline worldwide and the status of Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) is a topic of current interest. They and other lamprey species cycle nutrients and serve as prey in riverine ecosystems. To determine the current distribution of Pacific lamprey in major watersheds flowing into Puget Sound, Washington, we sampled lamprey captured during salmonid smolt monitoring that occurred from late winter to mid-summer. We found Pacific lamprey in 12 of 18 watersheds and they were most common in southern Puget Sound watersheds and in watersheds draining western Puget Sound (Hood Canal). Two additional species, western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni) and river lamprey (L. ayresii) were more common in eastern Puget Sound watersheds. Few Pacific lamprey macrophthalmia were found, suggesting that the majority of juveniles migrated seaward during other time periods. In addition, “dwarf” adult Pacific lamprey (< 300 mm) were observed in several watersheds and may represent an alternate life history for some Puget Sound populations. Based on genetic data, the use of visual techniques to identify lamprey ammocoetes as Entosphenus or Lampetra was successful for 97% (34 of 35) of the samples we evaluated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association","doi":"10.3955/046.087.0202","usgsCitation":"Hayes, M.C., Hays, R., Rubin, S.P., Chase, D., Hallock, M., Cook-Tabor, C., Luzier, C.W., and Moser, M., 2013, Distribution of Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus in watersheds of Puget Sound Based on smolt monitoring data: Northwest Science, v. 87, no. 2, p. 95-105, https://doi.org/10.3955/046.087.0202.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"105","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040130","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270873,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.7513,47.7495 ], [ -122.7513,48.2117 ], [ -122.3315,48.2117 ], [ -122.3315,47.7495 ], [ -122.7513,47.7495 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"87","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5580e4b0b290850f6571","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Michael C. 0000-0002-9060-0565 mhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0565","contributorId":3017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","email":"mhayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hays, Richard","contributorId":59320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chase, Dorothy M.","contributorId":59319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Dorothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hallock, Molly","contributorId":24251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallock","given":"Molly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cook-Tabor, Carrie","contributorId":31649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook-Tabor","given":"Carrie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luzier, Christina W.","contributorId":37616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luzier","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moser, Mary L.","contributorId":83412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"Mary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70155850,"text":"70155850 - 2013 - Transport of nitrate in the Mississippi river in July-August 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T16:26:10.683103","indexId":"70155850","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":791,"text":"Annals of Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of nitrate in the Mississippi river in July-August 1999","docAbstract":"Lagrangian sampling was conducted on the Mississippi River in late July through early August 1999 to test the hypothesis that nitrate (NO3-) is transported conservatively in the Mississippi River. Three different approaches were pursued to test the hypothesis: (1) a mass balance for NO3- was evaluated for evidence of net gains and losses, (2) stable isotopes of NO3- were measured (δ15N and δ18O) to determine if fractionation occurred, and (3) the concentrations of dissolved gases (N2O, N2 and Ar) in river water were measured and compared to theoretical equilibrium concentrations. Integrated water samples and flow measurements were obtained at 10 sites on the Mississippi River and 7 sites near the mouths of major tributaries from northern Iowa to southern Louisiana, a distance of about 2,250 river kilometers. Mass balance calculations indicate that more than 80 percent of the NO3- mass discharged from the Mississippi River (1,930 metric tons/day) during the study period originated in the first 500 river kilometers of the study reach. The mass balance calculations also indicate that NO3- was not lost from the water column upstream of Vicksburg, MS, but that there might have been some loss of NO3- in the lower 700 kilometers of the study reach. The stable isotope ratios of N and O (δ15N and δ18O) of NO3- were consistent with mixing and transport in the absence of fractionating gains or losses. The concentrations of nitrogen (N2) and argon (Ar) dissolved in river water decreased in the downstream direction, approximately in equilibrium with air at increasing temperatures, giving no evidence of gains or losses of N2 by nitrogen fixation or denitrification. Nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations in the Mississippi River were approximately 26 to 200 percent of air saturation, indicating relatively low net production by combination of nitrification and denitrification. Results from this study indicate that most (>90%) of the NO3- that entered the Mississippi River during July-August 1999 was transported to the Gulf of Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"Annals of Environmental Science","usgsCitation":"Coupe, R.H., Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W.A., Bohlke, J.K., McMahon, P.B., and Kendall, C., 2013, Transport of nitrate in the Mississippi river in July-August 1999: Annals of Environmental Science, v. 7, p. 31-46.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010231","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306874,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306873,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2047/d20003062","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.74107915560967,\n 41.94696125124591\n ],\n [\n -90.7247111159534,\n 41.94782148065562\n ],\n [\n -92.21696687481273,\n 39.898696263591006\n ],\n [\n -90.62290688578673,\n 38.18884247832648\n ],\n [\n -89.55848774360221,\n 36.75978734815499\n ],\n [\n -91.35296698175478,\n 33.76126564353096\n ],\n [\n -91.39188011203447,\n 32.40871313340536\n ],\n [\n -92.00579094724804,\n 30.85436612286776\n ],\n [\n -89.04835434968044,\n 28.623578464133914\n ],\n [\n -88.77080814875106,\n 29.387440439736736\n ],\n [\n -90.78196226746519,\n 31.21911889670217\n ],\n [\n -90.15117747861228,\n 33.59436165469742\n ],\n [\n -88.49486393764408,\n 36.833375630685424\n ],\n [\n -89.58934752888702,\n 38.61451749276728\n ],\n [\n -90.49047617261863,\n 40.23407516171034\n ],\n [\n -89.74167750349469,\n 41.9024859627813\n ],\n [\n -89.74107915560967,\n 41.94696125124591\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45736e4b0518e35469506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, Donald A.","contributorId":46083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":127841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":566601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70156584,"text":"70156584 - 2013 - Delineation of fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones of the bedrock at the Harlem River Tunnel in northern New York County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T19:21:19.951485","indexId":"70156584","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Delineation of fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones of the bedrock at the Harlem River Tunnel in northern New York County, New York","docAbstract":"Advanced borehole-geophysical methods were used to investigate the hydrogeology of the crystalline bedrock in 36 boreholes on the northernmost part of New York County, New York, for the construction of a utilities tunnel beneath the Harlem River. The borehole-logging techniques were used to delineate bedrock fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones in test boreholes at the site. Fracture indexes of the deep boreholes ranged from 0.65 to 0.76 per foot. Most of the fracture populations had either northwest to southwest or east to southeast dip azimuths with moderate dip angles. The mean foliation dip azimuth ranged from 100º to 124º southeast with dip angles of 52º to 60º. Groundwater appears to flow through an interconnected network of fractures that are affected by tidal variations from the nearby Harlem River and tunnel construction dewatering operations. The transmissivities of the 3 boreholes tested (USGS-1, USGS-3, and USGS-4), calculated from specific capacity data, were 2, 48, and 30 feet squared per day (ft2/d), respectively. The highest transmissivities were observed in wells north and west of the secant ring. Three borehole-radar velocity tomograms were collected. In the USGS-1 and USGS-4 velocity tomogram there are two areas of low radar velocity. The first is at the top of the tomogram and runs from 105 ft below land surface (BLS) at USGS-4 and extends to 125 ft BLS at USGS-1, the second area is centered at a depth of 150 ft BLS at USGS-1 and 135 to 150 ft BLS at USGS-4. Field measurements of specific conductance of 14 boreholes under ambient conditions at the site indicate an increase in conductivity toward the southwest part of the site (nearest the Harlem River). Specific conductance ranged from 107 microsiemens per centimeter (μS/cm) (borehole 63C) to 11,000 μS/cm (borehole 79B). The secant boreholes had the highest specific conductance.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"20th Conference on the geology of Long Island and metropolitan New York","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"20th Conference on the Geology of Long Island and Metropolitan New York","conferenceDate":"April 13, 2013","conferenceLocation":"Stony Brook, New York, United States","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Stumm, F., Chu, A., Joesten, P.K., Noll, M.L., and Como, M.D., 2013, Delineation of fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones of the bedrock at the Harlem River Tunnel in northern New York County, New York, in 20th Conference on the geology of Long Island and metropolitan New York, Stony Brook, New York, United States, April 13, 2013, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Harlem River Tunnel","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.91962970636514,\n 40.87368620296553\n ],\n [\n -73.9184101328308,\n 40.87295613540937\n ],\n [\n -73.91099106049475,\n 40.869901291739524\n ],\n [\n -73.90847569007956,\n 40.86920960945341\n ],\n [\n -73.90677336868755,\n 40.87334038249534\n ],\n [\n -73.90621439748416,\n 40.87476207732257\n ],\n [\n -73.90629062082988,\n 40.87649112448045\n ],\n [\n -73.90662092199535,\n 40.87668323804374\n ],\n [\n -73.90710366985304,\n 40.87741326449918\n ],\n [\n -73.90796753443999,\n 40.87823933735811\n ],\n [\n -73.90875517568126,\n 40.878796450442564\n ],\n [\n -73.91035586594568,\n 40.880121976516676\n ],\n [\n -73.91063535154734,\n 40.880544602437624\n ],\n [\n -73.91142299278862,\n 40.8801796074828\n ],\n [\n -73.91236308072129,\n 40.87933434828133\n ],\n [\n -73.9140399943314,\n 40.87833539167303\n ],\n [\n -73.91536119899413,\n 40.87795117357837\n ],\n [\n -73.91607261688893,\n 40.87800880643462\n ],\n [\n -73.91663158809229,\n 40.87785511870598\n ],\n [\n -73.91785116162741,\n 40.87725957538848\n ],\n [\n -73.91787656940933,\n 40.8762797989169\n ],\n [\n -73.91919777407206,\n 40.8746852297337\n ],\n [\n -73.91962970636514,\n 40.87368620296553\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dc402de4b0518e354d10e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stumm, Frederick 0000-0002-5388-8811 fstumm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-8811","contributorId":1077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumm","given":"Frederick","email":"fstumm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chu, Anthony 0000-0001-8623-2862 achu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8623-2862","contributorId":2517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"Anthony","email":"achu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joesten, Peter K. pjoesten@usgs.gov","contributorId":1929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"Peter","email":"pjoesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noll, Michael L. 0000-0003-2050-3134 mnoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-3134","contributorId":4652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noll","given":"Michael","email":"mnoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Como, Michael D. 0000-0002-7911-5390 mcomo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-5390","contributorId":4651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Como","given":"Michael","email":"mcomo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045372,"text":"sir20135019 - 2013 - Ambient conditions and fate and transport simulations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, 2006--10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-11T15:17:58","indexId":"sir20135019","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5019","title":"Ambient conditions and fate and transport simulations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, 2006--10","docAbstract":"Beaver Lake is a large, deep-storage reservoir located in the upper White River Basin in northwestern Arkansas, and was completed in 1963 for the purposes of flood control, hydroelectric power, and water supply. Beaver Lake is affected by point and nonpoint sources of minerals, nutrients, and sediments. The City of Fayetteville discharges about half of its sewage effluent into the White River immediately upstream from the backwater of the reservoir. The City of West Fork discharges its sewage effluent into the West Fork of the White River, and the City of Huntsville discharges its sewage effluent into a tributary of War Eagle Creek.\n\nA study was conducted to describe the ambient conditions and fate and transport of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate concentrations in Beaver Lake. Dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate are components of wastewater discharged into Beaver Lake and a major concern of the drinking water utilities that use Beaver Lake as their source. A two-dimensional model of hydrodynamics and water quality was calibrated to include simulations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate for the period January 2006 through December 2010. Estimated daily dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate loads were increased in the White River and War Eagle Creek tributaries, individually and the two tributaries together, by 1.2, 1.5, 2.0, 5.0, and 10.0 times the baseline conditions to examine fate and transport of these constituents through time at seven locations (segments) in the reservoir, from upstream to downstream in Beaver Lake.\n\nFifteen dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate fate and transport scenarios were compared to the baseline simulation at each of the seven downstream locations in the reservoir, both 2 meters (m) below the surface and 2 m above the bottom. Concentrations were greater in the reservoir at model segments closer to where the tributaries entered the reservoir. Concentrations resulting from the increase in loading became more diluted farther downstream from the source. Differences in concentrations between the baseline condition and the 1.2, 1.5, and 2.0 times baseline concentration scenarios were smaller than the differences in the 5.0 and 10.0 times baseline concentration scenarios. The results for both the 2 m below the surface and 2 m above the bottom were similar, with the exception of concentrations resulting from the increased loading factors (5.0 and 10.0 times), where concentrations 2 m above the bottom were consistently greater than those 2 m below the surface at most segments.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Fayetteville, Arkansas, and Beaver Water District","usgsCitation":"Green, W.R., 2013, Ambient conditions and fate and transport simulations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, 2006--10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5019, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135019.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"59","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135019.gif"},{"id":270839,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5019/"},{"id":270840,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5019/pdf/SIR2013-5019.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Beaver Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.25,35.75 ], [ -94.25,36.5 ], [ -93.25,36.5 ], [ -93.25,35.75 ], [ -94.25,35.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5167cd58e4b0ec0efb666ed9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045356,"text":"ofr20131069 - 2013 - Forecasting the impact of storm waves and sea-level rise on Midway Atoll and Laysan Island within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument—a comparison of passive versus dynamic inundation models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-11T07:50:43","indexId":"ofr20131069","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1069","title":"Forecasting the impact of storm waves and sea-level rise on Midway Atoll and Laysan Island within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument—a comparison of passive versus dynamic inundation models","docAbstract":"Two inundation events in 2011 underscored the potential for elevated water levels to damage infrastructure and affect terrestrial ecosystems on the low-lying Northwestern Hawaiian Islands in the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. The goal of this study was to compare passive \"bathtub\" inundation models based on geographic information systems (GIS) to those that include dynamic water levels caused by wave-induced set-up and run-up for two end-member island morphologies: Midway, a classic atoll with islands on the shallow (2-8 m) atoll rim and a deep, central lagoon; and Laysan, which is characterized by a deep (20-30 m) atoll rim and an island at the center of the atoll. Vulnerability to elevated water levels was assessed using hindcast wind and wave data to drive coupled physics-based numerical wave, current, and water-level models for the atolls. The resulting model data were then used to compute run-up elevations using a parametric run-up equation under both present conditions and future sea-level-rise scenarios. In both geomorphologies, wave heights and wavelengths adjacent to the island shorelines increased more than three times and four times, respectively, with increasing values of sea-level rise, as more deep-water wave energy could propagate over the atoll rim and larger wind-driven waves could develop on the atoll. Although these increases in water depth resulted in decreased set-up along the islands’ shorelines, the larger wave heights and longer wavelengths due to sea-level rise increased the resulting wave-induced run-up. Run-up values were spatially heterogeneous and dependent on the direction of incident wave direction, bathymetry, and island configuration. Island inundation was modeled to increase substantially when wave-driven effects were included, suggesting that inundation and impacts to infrastructure and terrestrial habitats will occur at lower values of predicted sea-level rise, and thus sooner in the 21st century, than suggested by passive GIS-based \"bathtub\" inundation models. Lastly, observations and the modeling results suggest that classic atolls with islands on a shallow atoll rim are more susceptible to the combined effects of sea-level rise and wave-driven inundation than atolls characterized by a deep atoll rim.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131069","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Berkowitz, P., Reynolds, M.H., and Logan, J., 2013, Forecasting the impact of storm waves and sea-level rise on Midway Atoll and Laysan Island within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument—a comparison of passive versus dynamic inundation models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1069, v, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131069.","productDescription":"v, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"83","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131069.gif"},{"id":270794,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1069/of2013-1069.pdf"},{"id":270795,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1069/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159.91,18.91 ], [ -159.91,22.86 ], [ -154.81,22.86 ], [ -154.81,18.91 ], [ -159.91,18.91 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5167cd59e4b0ec0efb666ee5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berkowitz, Paul pberkowitz@usgs.gov","contributorId":4642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkowitz","given":"Paul","email":"pberkowitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":477280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Michelle H. 0000-0001-7253-8158 mreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8158","contributorId":3871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Michelle","email":"mreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B.","contributorId":34470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70045373,"text":"sir20135023 - 2013 - Methods, quality assurance, and data for assessing atmospheric deposition of pesticides in the Central Valley of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-11T15:35:47","indexId":"sir20135023","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5023","title":"Methods, quality assurance, and data for assessing atmospheric deposition of pesticides in the Central Valley of California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey monitored atmospheric deposition of pesticides in the Central Valley of California during two studies in 2001 and 2002–04. The 2001 study sampled wet deposition (rain) and storm-drain runoff in the Modesto, California, area during the orchard dormant-spray season to examine the contribution of pesticide concentrations to storm runoff from rainfall. In the 2002–04 study, the number and extent of collection sites in the Central Valley were increased to determine the areal distribution of organophosphate insecticides and other pesticides, and also five more sample types were collected. These were dry deposition, bulk deposition, and three sample types collected from a soil box: aqueous phase in runoff, suspended sediment in runoff, and surficial-soil samples. This report provides concentration data and describes methods and quality assurance of sample collection and laboratory analysis for pesticide compounds in all samples collected from 16 sites. Each sample was analyzed for 41 currently used pesticides and 23 pesticide degradates, including oxygen analogs (oxons) of 9 organophosphate insecticides. Analytical results are presented by sample type and study period.\n\nThe median concentrations of both chloryprifos and diazinon sampled at four urban (0.067 micrograms per liter [μg/L] and 0.515 μg/L, respectively) and four agricultural sites (0.079 μg/L and 0.583 μg/L, respectively) during a January 2001 storm event in and around Modesto, Calif., were nearly identical, indicating that the overall atmospheric burden in the region appeared to be fairly similar during the sampling event. Comparisons of median concentrations in the rainfall to those in the McHenry storm-drain runoff showed that, for some compounds, rainfall contributed a substantial percentage of the concentration in the runoff; for other compounds, the concentrations in rainfall were much greater than in the runoff. For example, diazinon concentrations in rainfall were about 70 percent of the diazinon concentration in the runoff, whereas the chlorpyrifos concentration in the rain was 1.8 times greater than in the runoff. The more water-soluble pesticides—carbaryl, metolachlor, napropamide, and simazine—followed the same pattern as diazinon and had lower concentrations in rain compared to runoff. Similar to chlorpyrifos,compounds with low water solubilities and higher soil-organic carbon partition coefficients, including dacthal, pendimethalin, and trifluralin, were found to have higher concentrations in rain than in runoff water and were presumed to partition to the suspended sediments and organic matter on the ground.\n\nDuring the 2002–04 study period, the herbicide dacthal had the highest detection frequencies for all sample types collected from the Central Valley sites (67–100 percent). The most frequently detected compounds in the wet-deposition samples were dacthal, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and simazine (greater than 90 percent). The median wet-deposition amounts for these compounds were 0.044 micrograms per square meter per day (μg/m2/day), 0.209 μg/m2/day, 0.079 μg/m2/day, and 0.172 μg/m2/day, respectively. For the dry-deposition samples, detection frequencies were greater than 73 percent for the compounds dacthal, metolachor, and chlorpyrifos, and median deposition amounts were an order of magnitude less than for wet deposition. The differences between wet deposition and dry deposition appeared to be closely related to the Henry’s Law (H) constant of each compound, although the mass deposited by dry deposition takes place over a much longer time frame.\n\nPesticides detected in rainfall usually were detected in the aqueous phase of the soil-box runoff water, and the runoff concentrations were generally similar to those in the rainfall. For compounds detected in the aqueous phase and suspended-sediment samples of soil-box runoff, concentrations of pesticides in the aqueous phase generally were detected in low concentrations and had few corresponding detections in the suspended- sediment samples. Dacthal, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and simazine were the most frequently detected pesticides (greater than 83 percent) in the aqueous-phase samples, with median concentrations of 0.010 μg/L, 0.045 μg/L, 0.016 μg/L, and 0.077 μg/L, respectively. Simazine was the most frequently detected compound in the suspended-sediment samples (69 percent), with a median concentration of 0.232 μg/L.\n\nResults for compounds detected in the surficial-soil samples collected throughout the study period showed that there was an increase in concentration for some compounds, indicating atmospheric deposition of these compounds onto the soil-box surface. In the San Joaquin Valley, the compounds chlorpyrifos, dacthal, and iprodione were detected at higher concentrations (between 1.4 and 2 times greater) than were found in the background samples collected from the San Joaquin Valley soil-box sites. In the Sacramento Valley, the compounds chlorpyrifos, dacthal, iprodione, parathionmethyl, and its oxygen analog, paraoxon-methyl, were detected in samples collected during the study period in low concentrations, but were not detected in the background concentration of the Sacramento Valley soil mix.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135023","usgsCitation":"Zamora, C., Majewski, M.S., and Foreman, W., 2013, Methods, quality assurance, and data for assessing atmospheric deposition of pesticides in the Central Valley of California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5023, xi, 180 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135023.","productDescription":"xi, 180 p.","numberOfPages":"195","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135023.jpg"},{"id":270843,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5023/pdf/sir20135023.pdf"},{"id":270842,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5023/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.78,35.0 ], [ -122.78,40.74 ], [ -118.8,40.74 ], [ -118.8,35.0 ], [ -122.78,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5167cd5be4b0ec0efb666ee9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zamora, Celia 0000-0003-1456-4360 czamora@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1456-4360","contributorId":1514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamora","given":"Celia","email":"czamora@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Majewski, Michael S. majewski@usgs.gov","contributorId":440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majewski","given":"Michael","email":"majewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foreman, William T. wforeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T.","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045377,"text":"ofr20131065 - 2013 - County-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from animal manure for the conterminous United States, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-11T15:48:33","indexId":"ofr20131065","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1065","title":"County-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from animal manure for the conterminous United States, 2002","docAbstract":"County-level nitrogen and phosphorus inputs from animal manure for the conterminous United States for 2002 were estimated from animal populations from the 2002 Census of Agriculture by using methods described in U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5012. These estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from animal manure were compiled in support of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment Program.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131065","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Mueller, D.K., and Gronberg, J., 2013, County-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from animal manure for the conterminous United States, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1065, HTML Document; Table 1; Dataset and Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131065.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Table 1; Dataset and Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131065.png"},{"id":270845,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1065/"},{"id":270846,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1065/pdf/ofr20131065_table1.pdf"},{"id":270847,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ofr2013-1065_manure_2002"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.79,24.52 ], [ -124.79,49.0 ], [ -66.95,49.0 ], [ -66.95,24.52 ], [ -124.79,24.52 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5167cd59e4b0ec0efb666ee1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, David K. mueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"mueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gronberg, Jo Ann M.","contributorId":18342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"Jo Ann M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045365,"text":"sim3254 - 2013 - California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Ventura, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T21:04:23.508233","indexId":"sim3254","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3254","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Ventura, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology.\n\nThe Offshore of Ventura map area lies within the Santa Barbara Channel region of the Southern California Bight. This geologically complex region forms a major biogeographic transition zone, separating the cold-temperate Oregonian province north of Point Conception from the warm-temperate California province to the south. The map area is in the Ventura Basin, in the southern part of the Western Transverse Ranges geologic province, which is north of the California Continental Borderland. Significant clockwise rotation—at least 90°—since the early Miocene has been proposed for the Western Transverse Ranges, and the region is presently undergoing north-south shortening.\n\nThe city of Ventura is the major cultural center in the map area. The Ventura River cuts through Ventura, draining the Santa Ynez Mountains and the coastal hills north of Ventura. Northwest of Ventura, the coastal zone is a narrow strip containing highway and railway transportation corridors and a few small residential clusters. Rincon Island, an island constructed for oil and gas production, lies offshore of Punta Gorda. Southeast of Ventura, the coastal zone consists of the mouth and broad, alluvial plains of the Santa Clara River, and the region is characterized by urban and agricultural development. Ventura Harbor sits just north of the mouth of the Santa Clara River, in an area formerly occupied by lagoons and marshes.\n\nThe Offshore of Ventura map area lies in the eastern part of the Santa Barbara littoral cell, whose littoral drift is to the east-southeast. Drift rates of about 700,000 to 1,150,000 tons/yr have been reported at Ventura Harbor. At the east end of the littoral cell, eastward-moving sediment is trapped by Hueneme and Mugu Canyons and then transported into the deep-water Santa Monica Basin. The largest sediment source to this littoral cell (and the largest in all of southern California) is the Santa Clara River, which has an estimated annual sediment flux of 3.1 million tons. In addition, the Ventura River yields about 270,000 tons of sediment annually. Despite the large local sediment supply, coastal erosion problems are ongoing in the map area. Riprap, revetments, and seawalls variably protect the coast within and north of Ventura.\n\nThe offshore part of the map area mainly consists of relatively flat, shallow continental shelf, which dips so gently (about 0.2° to 0.4°) that water depths at the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters are just 20 to 40 m. This part of the Santa Barbara Channel is relatively well protected from large Pacific swells from the north and west by Point Conception and the Channel Islands; long-period swells affecting the area are mainly from the south-southwest. Fair-weather wave base is typically shallower than 20-m water depth, but winter storms are capable of resuspending fine-grained sediments in 30 m of water, and so shelf sediments in the map area probably are remobilized on an annual basis. The shelf is underlain by tens of meters of interbedded upper Quaternary shelf, estuarine, and fluvial sediments deposited as sea level fluctuated up and down in the last several hundred thousand years.\n\nSeafloor habitats in the broad Santa Barbara Channel region consist of significant amounts of soft sediment and isolated areas of rocky habitat that support kelp-forest communities nearshore and rocky-reef communities in deep water. The potential marine benthic habitat types mapped in the Offshore of Ventura map area are directly related to its Quaternary geologic history, geomorphology, and active sedimentary processes. These potential habitats lie within the Shelf (continental shelf) megahabitat, dominated by a flat seafloor and substrates formed from deposition of fluvial and marine sediment during sea-level rise. This flat, fairly homogeneous seafloor, composed primarily of unconsolidated sand and mud and local deposits of gravel, cobbles, and pebbles, provides promising habitat for groundfish, crabs, shrimp, and other marine benthic organisms. The only significant interruptions to this homogeneous habitat type are exposures of hard, irregular sedimentary bedrock and coarse-grained sediment where potential habitats for rockfish and related species exist.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3254","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Cochrane, G.R., Golden, N., Phillips, E., Ritchie, A.C., Kvitek, R.G., Greene, H., Krigsman, L., Endris, C.A., Seitz, G., Gutierrez, C.I., Sliter, R.W., Erdey, M.D., Wong, F.L., Yoklavich, M.M., Draut, A.E., and Hart, P.E., 2013, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Ventura, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3254, Report: iv, 42 p.; 11 Sheets: 53.00 × 36.00 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3254.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 42 p.; 11 Sheets: 53.00 × 36.00 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3254.png"},{"id":270837,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion 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Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3254/"},{"id":270826,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3254/sim3254_sheet2.pdf"},{"id":270825,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3254/sim3254_sheet1.pdf"},{"id":398876,"rank":17,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98376.htm"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Ventura","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.4478,\n 34.2156\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 34.2156\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 34.3778\n ],\n [\n -119.4478,\n 34.3778\n ],\n [\n -119.4478,\n 34.2156\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5167cd58e4b0ec0efb666edd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509285,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A.","contributorId":27533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509286,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Golden, Nadine E.","contributorId":58356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Nadine E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Phillips, Eleyne L.","contributorId":104289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Eleyne L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ritchie, Andrew C. aritchie@usgs.gov","contributorId":4984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Andrew","email":"aritchie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kvitek, Rikk G.","contributorId":107804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvitek","given":"Rikk","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":87983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Krigsman, Lisa M.","contributorId":43642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krigsman","given":"Lisa M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Endris, Charles A.","contributorId":87824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endris","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Seitz, Gordon G.","contributorId":17303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seitz","given":"Gordon G.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Gutierrez, Carlos I.","contributorId":32799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Erdey, Mercedes D. merdey@usgs.gov","contributorId":5411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdey","given":"Mercedes","email":"merdey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Yoklavich, Mary M.","contributorId":96167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoklavich","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Draut, Amy E.","contributorId":92215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70045360,"text":"sir20135052 - 2013 - Use of surrogate technologies to estimate suspended sediment in the Clearwater River, Idaho, and Snake River, Washington, 2008-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-10T21:52:21","indexId":"sir20135052","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5052","title":"Use of surrogate technologies to estimate suspended sediment in the Clearwater River, Idaho, and Snake River, Washington, 2008-10","docAbstract":"Elevated levels of fluvial sediment can reduce the biological productivity of aquatic systems, impair freshwater quality, decrease reservoir storage capacity, and decrease the capacity of hydraulic structures. The need to measure fluvial sediment has led to the development of sediment surrogate technologies, particularly in locations where streamflow alone is not a good estimator of sediment load because of regulated flow, load hysteresis, episodic sediment sources, and non-equilibrium sediment transport. An effective surrogate technology is low maintenance and sturdy over a range of hydrologic conditions, and measured variables can be modeled to estimate suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), load, and duration of elevated levels on a real-time basis. Among the most promising techniques is the measurement of acoustic backscatter strength using acoustic Doppler velocity meters (ADVMs) deployed in rivers. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District, evaluated the use of acoustic backscatter, turbidity, laser diffraction, and streamflow as surrogates for estimating real-time SSC and loads in the Clearwater and Snake Rivers, which adjoin in Lewiston, Idaho, and flow into Lower Granite Reservoir. The study was conducted from May 2008 to September 2010 and is part of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Lower Snake River Programmatic Sediment Management Plan to identify and manage sediment sources in basins draining into lower Snake River reservoirs.\n\nCommercially available acoustic instruments have shown great promise in sediment surrogate studies because they require little maintenance and measure profiles of the surrogate parameter across a sampling volume rather than at a single point. The strength of acoustic backscatter theoretically increases as more particles are suspended in the water to reflect the acoustic pulse emitted by the ADVM. ADVMs of different frequencies (0.5, 1.5, and 3 Megahertz) were tested to target various sediment grain sizes. Laser diffraction and turbidity also were tested as surrogate technologies. Models between SSC and surrogate variables were developed using ordinary least-squares regression. Acoustic backscatter using the high frequency ADVM at each site was the best predictor of sediment, explaining 93 and 92 percent of the variability in SSC and matching sediment sample data within +8.6 and +10 percent, on average, at the Clearwater River and Snake River study sites, respectively. Additional surrogate models were developed to estimate sand and fines fractions of suspended sediment based on acoustic backscatter. Acoustic backscatter generally appears to be a better estimator of suspended sediment concentration and load over short (storm event and monthly) and long (annual) time scales than transport curves derived solely from the regression of conventional sediment measurements and streamflow. Changing grain sizes, the presence of organic matter, and aggregation of sediments in the river likely introduce some variability in the model between acoustic backscatter and SSC.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Wood, M.S., and Teasdale, G.N., 2013, Use of surrogate technologies to estimate suspended sediment in the Clearwater River, Idaho, and Snake River, Washington, 2008-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5052, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135052.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"40","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270796,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5052/"},{"id":270797,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5052/pdf/sir20135052.pdf"},{"id":270798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135052.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Clearwater River;Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,42.0 ], [ -124.8,49.0 ], [ -111.0,49.0 ], [ -111.0,42.0 ], [ -124.8,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51667bdae4b0bba30b388bae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Molly S. 0000-0002-5184-8306 mswood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5184-8306","contributorId":788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Molly","email":"mswood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teasdale, Gregg N.","contributorId":77440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teasdale","given":"Gregg","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}