Most wildlife biologists, technicians, and veterinarians complete their tasks safely and uneventfully every day. However, some significant risks exist in this line of work, and injuries, illnesses, and accidental deaths among wildlife workers do occur. Aviation accidents (airplane and helicopter), drownings, and car and truck accidents are the most common causes of fatalities among wildlife workers (Sasse, 2003). Although rare, serious zoonotic infections also happen. Being mindful of occupational hazards and zoonoses (diseases transmitted between humans and animals), and the various ways to minimize these risks, can help workers stay safe and healthy on the job.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section C: Techniques in Disease Surveillance and Investigation in Book 15 Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm15C2","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Taylor, T., and Buttke, D., 2020, Safe work practices for working with wildlife: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 15, chap. C2, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm15C2.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-109854","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375270,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/15/c02/tm15c2.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"T&M 15–C–2"},{"id":375269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/15/c02/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711–6223
Drought risk management involves three pillars: drought early warning, drought vulnerability and risk assessment, and drought preparedness, mitigation, and response. This book collects in one place a description of all the key components of the first pillar, and describes strategies for fitting these pieces together. The best modern drought early warning systems incorporate and integrate a broad array of environmental information sources: weather station observations, satellite imagery, land surface and crop model simulations, and weather and climate model forecasts, and analyze this information in context-relevant ways that take into account exposure and vulnerability. Drought Early Warning and Forecasting: Theory and Practice assembles a comprehensive overview of these components, providing examples drawn from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network and the United States Drought Monitor. This book simultaneously addresses the physical, social, and information management aspects of drought early warning, and informs readers about the tools, techniques, and conceptual models required to effectively identify, predict, and communicate potential drought-related disasters.
This book is a key text for postgraduate scientists and graduate and advanced undergraduate students in hydrology, geography, earth sciences, meteorology, climatology, and environmental sciences programs. Professionals dealing with disaster management and drought forecasting will also find this book beneficial to their work.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","isbn":"9780128140116","usgsCitation":"Funk, C., and Shukla, S., 2020, Drought early warning and forecasting, 238 p.","productDescription":"238 p.","ipdsId":"IP-115627","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":377958,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.elsevier.com/books/drought-early-warning-and-forecasting/funk/978-0-12-814011-6"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shukla, Shraddhanand","contributorId":145802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shukla","given":"Shraddhanand","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":789478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211202,"text":"70211202 - 2020 - Four-dimensional surface motions of the Slumgullion landslide and quantification of hydrometeorological forcing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-17T17:25:42.112539","indexId":"70211202","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-03T12:18:06","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Four-dimensional surface motions of the Slumgullion landslide and quantification of hydrometeorological forcing","docAbstract":"Landslides modify the natural landscape and cause fatalities and property damage worldwide. Quantifying landslide dynamics is challenging due to the stochastic nature of the environment. With its large area of ~1 km2 and perennial motions at ~10–20 mm per day, the Slumgullion landslide in Colorado, USA, represents an ideal natural laboratory to better understand landslide behavior. Here, we use hybrid remote sensing data and methods to recover the four-dimensional surface motions during 2011–2018. We refine the boundaries of an area of ~0.35 km2 below the crest of the prehistoric landslide. We construct a mechanical framework to quantify the rheology, subsurface channel geometry, mass flow rate, and spatiotemporally dependent pore-water pressure feedback through a joint analysis of displacement and hydrometeorological measurements from ground, air and space. Our study demonstrates the importance of remotely characterizing often inaccessible, dangerous slopes to better understand landslides and other quasi-static mass fluxes in natural and industrial environments, which will ultimately help reduce associated hazards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-16617-7","usgsCitation":"Hu, X., Bürgmann, R., Schulz, W.H., and Fielding, E.J., 2020, Four-dimensional surface motions of the Slumgullion landslide and quantification of hydrometeorological forcing: Nature Communications, v. 11, 2792, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16617-7.","productDescription":"2792, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117085","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456500,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16617-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TCQDD5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data from in-situ displacement monitoring, Slumgullion landslide, Hinsdale County, Colorado"},{"id":376466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Slumgullion landslide","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.30132102966309,\n 37.97600347500009\n ],\n [\n -107.22647666931152,\n 37.97600347500009\n ],\n [\n -107.22647666931152,\n 38.01212375706868\n ],\n [\n -107.30132102966309,\n 38.01212375706868\n ],\n [\n -107.30132102966309,\n 37.97600347500009\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hu, Xie","contributorId":177306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Xie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bürgmann, Roland","contributorId":195087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bürgmann","given":"Roland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schulz, William H. 0000-0001-9980-3580 wschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9980-3580","contributorId":942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"William","email":"wschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fielding, Eric J.","contributorId":218096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fielding","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39742,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70210443,"text":"ofr20201055 - 2020 - Optimization of tidal marsh management at the Cape May and Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuges, New Jersey, through use of structured decision making","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T18:36:12.129906","indexId":"ofr20201055","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-03T11:35:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1055","displayTitle":"Optimization of Tidal Marsh Management at the Cape May and Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuges, New Jersey, Through Use of Structured Decision Making","title":"Optimization of tidal marsh management at the Cape May and Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuges, New Jersey, through use of structured decision making","docAbstract":"Structured decision making is a systematic, transparent process for improving the quality of complex decisions by identifying measurable management objectives and feasible management actions; predicting the potential consequences of management actions relative to the stated objectives; and selecting a course of action that maximizes the total benefit achieved and balances tradeoffs among objectives. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, applied an existing, regional framework for structured decision making to develop a prototype tool for optimizing tidal marsh management decisions at the Cape May and Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuges in New Jersey. Refuge biologists, refuge managers, and research scientists identified multiple potential management actions to improve the ecological integrity of 13 marsh management units within the refuges and estimated the outcomes of each action in terms of performance metrics associated with each management objective. Value functions previously developed at the regional level were used to transform metric scores to a common utility scale, and utilities were summed to produce a single score representing the total management benefit that would be accrued from each potential management action. Constrained optimization was used to identify the set of management actions, one per marsh management unit, that would maximize total management benefits at different cost constraints at the refuge scale. Results indicated that, for the objectives and actions considered here, total management benefits may increase consistently up to approximately $785,000, but that further expenditures may yield diminishing return on investment. Management actions in optimal portfolios at total costs less than $785,000 included applying sediment to the marsh surface (thin layer deposition) in seven marsh management units, controlling the invasive reed Phragmites australis in four marsh management units, remediating hydrologic alterations in two marsh management units, and planting native vegetation in one marsh management unit. The management benefits were derived from expected improvements in the capacity for marsh elevation to keep pace with sea-level rise, increases in numbers of spiders (as an indicator of trophic health) and tidal marsh obligate birds, and increased cover of native vegetation. The prototype presented here provides a framework for decision making at the Cape May and Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuges that can be updated as new data and information become available. Insights from this process may also be useful to inform future habitat management planning at the refuges.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Neckles, H.A., Lyons, J.E., Nagel, J.L., Adamowicz, S.C., Mikula, T., Braudis, B., and Hanlon, H., 2020, Optimization of tidal marsh management at the Cape May and Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuges, New Jersey, through use of structured decision making: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1055, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201055.","productDescription":"vii, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-101980","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375304,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1055/ofr20201055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1055"},{"id":375303,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1055/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Cape May, Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuges","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.377197265625,\n 39.690280594818034\n ],\n [\n -75.1025390625,\n 39.95185892663005\n ],\n [\n -75.41015624999999,\n 39.9602803542957\n ],\n [\n -75.618896484375,\n 39.58029027440865\n ],\n [\n -75.3662109375,\n 39.2407625100131\n ],\n [\n -75.0146484375,\n 38.788345355085625\n ],\n [\n -74.42138671875,\n 39.07037913108751\n ],\n [\n -74.410400390625,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -74.77294921875,\n 39.36827914916014\n ],\n [\n -75.16845703124999,\n 39.40224434029275\n ],\n [\n -75.377197265625,\n 39.690280594818034\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Road
Laurel, MD 20708–4039
Human health practitioners and wildlife biologists use insecticides to manage plague by suppressing fleas (Siphonaptera), but insecticides can also kill other ectoparasites. We investigated effects of deltamethrin and fipronil on ectoparasites from black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus, BTPDs). In late July, 2018, we treated three sites with 0.05% deltamethrin dust and 5 sites with host-fed 0.005% fipronil grain. Three non-treated sites functioned as experimental baselines. We collected ectoparasites before treatments (June-July, 2018) and after treatments (August-October, 2018, June-July, 2019). Both deltamethrin and fipronil suppressed fleas for at least 12 months. Deltamethrin had no detectable effect on mites (Arachnida). Fipronil suppressed mites for at least 12 months. Lice (Phthiraptera) were scarce on non-treated sites throughout the study, complicating interpretation. Concentrating on eight sites where all three ectoparasites where found in June-July, 2018 (before treatments), flea intensity was greatest on BTPDs carrying many lice and mites. These three ectoparasites co-occurred at high numbers, which might facilitate plague transmission in some cases. Lethal effects of insecticides on ectoparasite communities are potentially advantageous in the context of plague management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jvec.12375","usgsCitation":"Eads, D.A., Yashin, A., Nobel, L., Vasquez, M., Huang, M., Livieri, T.M., Dobesh, P., Childers, E., and Biggins, D.E., 2020, Managing plague on prairie dog colonies: Insecticides as ectoparasiticides: Journal of Vector Ecology, v. 45, no. 1, p. 82-88, https://doi.org/10.1111/jvec.12375.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"88","ipdsId":"IP-117043","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvec.12375","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OFMMCC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on the efficacy of deltamethrin flea control with small rodents on prairie dog colonies in Montana and Utah, 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small-aperture posthole array","docAbstract":"The Global Seismographic Network (GSN) has been used extensively by seismologists to characterize large earthquakes and image deep earth structure. Although the network’s original design goals have been met, the seismological community has suggested that the incorporation of small-aperture seismic arrays at select sites may improve performance of the network and enable new observations. As a pilot study for this concept, we have created a 500 m aperture, nine-element broadband seismic array around the GSN station ANMO (Albuquerque, New Mexico) at the U.S. Geological Survey Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory (ASL). The array was formed by supplementing the secondary borehole seismometer (90 m depth) at ANMO with eight additional 2.6 m posthole sites. Each station’s seismometer was oriented using a fiber optic gyroscope to within 2.0° of north. Data quality, particularly on the vertical components, is excellent with median power levels closely tracking the secondary sensor at ANMO at frequencies lower than 1 Hz. Horizontal component data are more variable at low frequencies (< 0:02 Hz), with the type of installation and local geography appearing to strongly influence the amount of tilt-induced noise. Throughout the article, we pose several fundamental questions related to the variability and precision of seismic wavefield measurements that we seek to address with data from this array. In addition, we calculate the array response and show a few examples of using the array to obtain back azimuths of a local event and a continuous narrowband noise source. The apparent velocity of the event across the array is then used to infer the local P-wave velocity at the ASL. Near real-time data collected from the array along with collocated meteorological, magnetic, and infrasound data are freely available in near-real time from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Management Center.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScience World","doi":"10.1785/0220200080","usgsCitation":"Anthony, R.E., Ringler, A.T., Wilson, D.C., Maharrey, J., Gyure, G., Pepiot, A., Sandoval, L., Sandoval, S., Telesha, T., Vallo, G., and Voss, N.S., 2020, Installation and performance of the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory small-aperture posthole array: Seismological Research Letteres, v. 91, no. 4, p. 2425-2437, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200080.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2425","endPage":"2437","ipdsId":"IP-118019","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378912,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Albuquerque","otherGeospatial":"U.S. Geological Survey Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.67193254845046,\n 35.102240946261034\n ],\n [\n -106.67193254845046,\n 34.94474713226582\n ],\n [\n -106.420193838331,\n 34.94474713226582\n ],\n [\n -106.420193838331,\n 35.102240946261034\n ],\n [\n -106.67193254845046,\n 35.102240946261034\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, Robert 0000-0001-7089-8846 reanthony@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-8846","contributorId":202829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert","email":"reanthony@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":145576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maharrey, J. 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Some animals exhibit movement recursions to locations that are tied to reproductive functions, including nests and dens; while existing literature recognizes that, no method is currently available to explicitly target different types of revisited locations. Moreover, the temporal persistence of recursive movements to a breeding location can carry information regarding the fate of breeding attempts, but it has never been used as a metric to quantify recursive movement patterns. Here, we introduce a method to locate breeding attempts and estimate their fate from GPStracking data of central place foragers. We tested the performance of our method in three bird species differing in breeding ecology (wood stork (Mycteria americana), lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni), Mediterranean gull (Ichthyaetus melanocephalus)) and implemented it in the R package ‘nestR’. Methods: We identified breeding sites based on the analysis of recursive movements within individual tracks. Using trajectories with known breeding attempts, we estimated a set of species-specific criteria for the identification of nest sites, which we further validated using non-reproductive individuals as controls. We then estimated individual nest survival as a binary measure of reproductive fate (success, corresponding to fledging of at least one chick, or failure) from nest-site revisitation histories during breeding attempts, using a Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach that accounted for temporally variable revisitation patterns, probability of visit detection, and missing data. Results: Across the three species, positive predictive value of the nest-site detection algorithm varied between 87 and 100% and sensitivity between 88 and 92%, and we correctly estimated the fate of 86–100% breeding attempts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s40462-020-00201-1","usgsCitation":"Picardi, S., Smith, B., Boone, M.E., Frederick, P.C., Cecere, J.G., Rubolini, D., Serra, L., Pirrello, S., Borkhataria, R.R., and Basille, M., 2020, Analysis of movement recursions to detect reproductive events and estimate their fate in central place foragers: Movement Ecology, v. 8, 24, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-020-00201-1.","productDescription":"24, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-105411","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-020-00201-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377175,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Picardi, Simona 0000-0002-2623-6623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2623-6623","contributorId":237045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Picardi","given":"Simona","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Brian 0000-0002-0531-0492","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0531-0492","contributorId":218457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Brian","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boone, Matthew E. 0000-0002-8070-4715","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8070-4715","contributorId":237046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boone","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frederick, Peter C.","contributorId":215042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frederick","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":39161,"text":"Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cecere, Jacopo G. 0000-0002-4925-2730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4925-2730","contributorId":237048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cecere","given":"Jacopo","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":47591,"text":"Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rubolini, Diego 0000-0003-2703-5783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2703-5783","contributorId":237050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rubolini","given":"Diego","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47592,"text":"Università degli Studi di Milano","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Serra, Lorenzo 0000-0002-8911-8050","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-8050","contributorId":237052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serra","given":"Lorenzo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47591,"text":"Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pirrello, Simone 0000-0002-9471-106X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-106X","contributorId":237054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pirrello","given":"Simone","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47591,"text":"Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Borkhataria, Rena R.","contributorId":197425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borkhataria","given":"Rena","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":795086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Basille, Mathieu","contributorId":175274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Basille","given":"Mathieu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":795087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70229337,"text":"70229337 - 2020 - Remarkable response of native fishes to invasive trout suppression varies with trout density, temperature, and annual hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-04T13:15:54.648199","indexId":"70229337","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-03T07:12:35","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remarkable response of native fishes to invasive trout suppression varies with trout density, temperature, and annual hydrology","docAbstract":"This report provides an overview of model-based climate science in a risk management context. In addition, it summarizes how the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) will continue to follow best scientific practices and when and how the results of this research will be delivered to the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) and other stakeholders to inform policymaking. Climate change is a risk management challenge for society because of the uncertain consequences for natural and human systems across decades to centuries. Climate-related science activities within the USGS emphasize research on adaptation to climate change. This research helps inform adaptive management processes and planning activities within other DOI bureaus and by DOI stakeholders.
Global climate models are sophisticated numerical representations of the Earth’s climate system. Research groups from around the world regularly participate in a coordinated effort to produce a suite of climate models. This global effort provides a test bed to assess model performance and analyze projections of future change under various prescribed climate scenarios. These climate scenarios describe a plausible future outcome associated with a specific set of societal actions. Because scenarios are developed in a risk-based framework with a high degree of uncertainty about future societal developments, they are usually not assigned a formal likelihood of occurrence. Examining a range of projected climate outcomes based on multiple scenarios is a recommended best practice because it allows decision makers to better consider both short- and long-term risks and opportunities.
As part of its routine science practices, the USGS regularly reviews the state of knowledge of climate science, develops and maintains best practices in using global climate models to project climate change impacts, and provides data and interpretations of potential impacts to the DOI and other stakeholders. Management and policy decisions within the DOI will reflect different tolerances for risk, which has implications for what type of information should be considered and how that information should be used. It is suggested that a followup document be produced that would describe in more detail how these management decisions with differing risk tolerances can be made effectively and consistently in light of an uncertain future.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201058","usgsCitation":"Terando, A., Reidmiller, D., Hostetler, S.W., Littell, J.S., Beard, T.D., Jr., Weiskopf, S.R., Belnap, J., and Plumlee, G.S., 2020, Using information from global climate models to inform policymaking—The role of the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1058, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201058.","productDescription":"v, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-118715","costCenters":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375144,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1058/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":375198,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1058/ofr20201058.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1058"}],"contact":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Mail Stop 516
Reston, VA 20192
https://www.usgs.gov/land-resources/
climate-adaptation-science-centers
Agricultural land use is typically associated with high stream nutrient concentrations and increased nutrient loading to lakes. For lakes, evidence for these associations mostly comes from studies on individual lakes or watersheds that relate concentrations of nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) to aggregate measures of agricultural land use, such as the proportion of land used for agriculture in a lake’s watershed. However, at macroscales (i.e., in hundreds to thousands of lakes across large spatial extents), there is high variability around such relationships and it is unclear whether considering more granular (or detailed) agricultural data, such as fertilizer application, planting of specific crops, or the extent of near-stream cropping, would improve prediction and inform understanding of lake nutrient drivers. Furthermore, it is unclear whether lake N and P would have different relationships to such measures and whether these relationships would vary by region, since regional variation has been observed in prior studies using aggregate measures of agriculture. To address these knowledge gaps, we examined relationships between granular measures of agricultural activity and lake total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in 928 lakes and their watersheds in the Northeastern and Midwest U.S. using a Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach. We found that both lake TN and TP concentrations were related to these measures of agriculture, especially near-stream agriculture. The relationships between measures of agriculture and lake TN concentrations were more regionally variable than those for TP. Conversely, TP concentrations were more strongly related to lake-specific measures like depth and watershed hydrology relative to TN. Our finding that lake TN and TP concentrations have different relationships with granular measures of agricultural activity has implications for the design of effective and efficient policy approaches to maintain and improve water quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.2187","usgsCitation":"Stachelek, J., Weng, W., Carey, C.C., Kemanian, A.R., Cobourn, K.M., Wagner, T., Weathers, K., and Soranno, P.A., 2020, Granular measures of agricultural land use influence lake nitrogen and phosphorus differently at macroscales: Ecological Applications, v. 30, no. 8, e02187, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2187.","productDescription":"e02187, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-114603","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2187","text":"External Repository"},{"id":395692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, 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C.","contributorId":275320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carey","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kemanian, A. R.","contributorId":275321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kemanian","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cobourn, K. M.","contributorId":275322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cobourn","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weathers, K. C.","contributorId":275323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weathers","given":"K. C.","affiliations":[{"id":56760,"text":"Carey Institute of Ecosystem Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Soranno, P. A.","contributorId":275324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soranno","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70210357,"text":"ofr20201060 - 2020 - Assessing the risks posed by SARS-CoV-2 in and via North American bats — Decision framing and rapid risk assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T18:33:03.535283","indexId":"ofr20201060","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-02T11:10:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1060","displayTitle":"Assessing the Risks Posed by SARS-CoV-2 in and via North American Bats—Decision Framing and Rapid Risk Assessment","title":"Assessing the risks posed by SARS-CoV-2 in and via North American bats — Decision framing and rapid risk assessment","docAbstract":"The novel β-coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, may pose a threat to North American bat populations if bats are exposed to the virus through interaction with humans, if the virus can subsequently infect bats and be transmitted among them, and if the virus causes morbidity or mortality in bats. Further, if SARS-CoV-2 became established in bat populations, it could possibly serve as a source for new infection in humans, domesticated animals, or other wild animals. Wildlife management agencies in the United States are concerned about these potential risks and have begun to issue guidance regarding work that brings humans into contact with bats, but decision making is difficult because of the high degree of uncertainty about many of the relevant processes that could lead to virus transmission and establishment. The risk assessment described in this report was undertaken to provide management agencies with an understanding of the likelihood that the various steps in the causal pathways would lead to SARS-CoV-2 infection of North American bats from people. This assessment focused on the active season for bats in the temperate zone of North America (April 15 through November 15), and used Myotis lucifugus (little brown bats) as a surrogate species. At the time of this work (April 2020), no empirical data about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on North American bats were available, so a formal process of expert judgment was used to elicit estimates of the underlying parameters. Twelve experts in bat ecology, epidemiology, virology, and wildlife disease from the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia participated in the elicitation. A Monte Carlo simulation model was used to integrate the parameter estimates elicited from the experts and to predict the likelihood of exposure and infection in bats through a series of transmission pathways, with particular attention to capturing uncertainty in the predictions.
Given the current state of knowledge as expressed by the expert panel, the results of this assessment indicate that there is a non-negligible risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to bats. For example, if a research scientist were shedding SARS-CoV-2 virus while handling bats under the field protocols used in North America prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the risk model indicates that 50 percent (uncertainty, 15–84 percent) of those bats could be exposed to virus, and 17 percent (uncertainty, 3–51 percent) could become infected. Use of personal protective equipment, especially a respirator, is expected to reduce the exposure risk. The expert panel estimated that exposure risk from research scientists could be reduced 94–96 percent (uncertainty, 86–99 percent) through proper use of appropriate N95 respirators (a type of mechanical filter worn over the nose and mouth), dedicated clothing (such as Tyvek coveralls), and gloves. Should any North American bats become infected with SARS-CoV-2, the expert panel estimated that there is an approximately 33-percent chance the virus could spread within a bat population.
This study, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, identified several critical uncertainties that could affect the estimate of risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 entering bat populations—notably, the underlying probability that a human would be shedding virus while working with bats, the likelihood of the virus replicating in bat tissue, and the likelihood of transmission of the virus within bat populations. Ongoing empirical work during May–October 2020 may shed light on these issues. Follow-up work is needed to better understand the probability of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to bats from the general public; the manner in which the probabilities of exposure, infection, and transmission would differ during hibernation compared to the breeding season; and the likelihood of important effects, like morbidity and mortality in bats, the possibility of zoonosis from a North American bat reservoir, and effects of and on other wildlife.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Runge, M.C., Grant, E.H.C., Coleman, J.T.H., Reichard, J.D., Gibbs, S.E.J., Cryan, P.M., Olival, K.J., Walsh, D.P., Blehert, D.S., Hopkins, M.C., and Sleeman, J.M., 2020, Assessing the risks posed by SARS-CoV-2 in and via North American bats—Decision framing and rapid risk assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1060, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201060.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-118911","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375248,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1060/ofr20201060.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1060"},{"id":375199,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1060/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.1640625,\n 13.581920900545844\n ],\n [\n -84.72656249999999,\n 19.973348786110602\n ],\n [\n -75.9375,\n 27.371767300523047\n ],\n [\n -55.8984375,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -48.8671875,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -65.0390625,\n 61.77312286453146\n ],\n [\n -58.71093750000001,\n 67.47492238478702\n ],\n [\n -84.375,\n 74.1160468394894\n ],\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 75.32002523220804\n ],\n [\n -135.703125,\n 70.95969716686398\n ],\n [\n -156.4453125,\n 71.52490903732816\n ],\n [\n -167.34375,\n 68.9110048456202\n ],\n [\n -168.046875,\n 61.60639637138628\n ],\n [\n -166.2890625,\n 53.12040528310657\n ],\n [\n -146.95312499999997,\n 57.326521225217064\n ],\n [\n -138.515625,\n 56.559482483762245\n ],\n [\n -131.484375,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -127.96875,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 24.84656534821976\n ],\n [\n -98.7890625,\n 13.239945499286312\n ],\n [\n -93.1640625,\n 13.581920900545844\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
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12100 Beech Forest Road
Laurel, MD 20708
This guide has been prepared by the International Volcanic Health Hazard Network (IVHHN) to explain the potential adverse health effects of volcanic and geothermal gas and aerosol emissions. It provides general information on how to protect yourself and your family. The information is based on a range of evidence from academics and health and regulatory agencies. Contact your local public health or emergency management agency for information tailored to your location.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Volcanic Health Hazards Network","usgsCitation":"Longo, B., Elias, T., and Horwell, C.J., 2020, The health hazards of volcanic and geothermal gases: A guide for the public, 18 p.","productDescription":"18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-114782","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":463908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":463900,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ivhhn.org/information/health-impacts-volcanic-gases","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Longo, Bernadette","contributorId":315385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Longo","given":"Bernadette","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16686,"text":"University of Nevada, Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":918408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elias, Tamar 0000-0002-9592-4518 telias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":3916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Tamar","email":"telias@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":918409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horwell, Claire J.","contributorId":177455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horwell","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16770,"text":"Dept. Earth Sciences, Durham University, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":918410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70229794,"text":"70229794 - 2020 - Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-18T13:31:01.522483","indexId":"70229794","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-02T10:18:23","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales","title":"Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales","docAbstract":"The kin structure of a species at relatively fine spatial scales impacts broad-scale patterns in genetic structure at the population level. However, kin structure rarely has been elucidated for migratory marine mammals. The Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) exhibits migratory behavior linked to seasonal patterns in sea ice dynamics. Consequently, information on the spatial genetic structure of the subspecies, including kin structure, could aid wildlife managers in designing future studies to evaluate the impacts of sea ice loss on the subspecies. We sampled 8,303 individual walruses over a 5-year period and used 114 single-nucleotide polymorphisms to examine both broad-scale patterns in genetic structure and fine-scale patterns in relatedness. We did not detect any evidence of genetic structure at broad spatial scales, with low FST values (≤ 0.001) across all pairs of putative aggregations. To evaluate kin structure at fine spatial scales, we defined a walrus group as a cluster of resting individuals that were less than one walrus body length apart. We found weak evidence of kin structure at fine spatial scales, with 3.72% of groups exhibiting mean relatedness values greater than expected by chance, and a significantly higher overall observed mean value of relatedness within groups than expected by chance. Thus, the high spatiotemporal variation in the distribution of resources in the Pacific Arctic environment likely has favored a gregarious social system in Pacific walruses, with unrelated animals forming temporary associations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050","usgsCitation":"Beatty, W., Lemons, P., Sethi, S., Everett, J., Lewis, C.J., Lynn, R.J., Cook, G.M., Garlich-Miller, J.L., and Wenburg, J.K., 2020, Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 101, no. 3, p. 755-765, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"755","endPage":"765","ipdsId":"IP-127026","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":397244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.296875,\n 54.57206165565852\n ],\n [\n -155.7421875,\n 54.57206165565852\n ],\n [\n -155.7421875,\n 69.16255790810501\n ],\n [\n -179.296875,\n 69.16255790810501\n ],\n [\n -179.296875,\n 54.57206165565852\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beatty, William S. 0000-0003-0013-3113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0013-3113","contributorId":288790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beatty","given":"William S.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lemons, Patrick R.","contributorId":288791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemons","given":"Patrick R.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sethi, Suresh 0000-0002-0053-1827 ssethi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-1827","contributorId":191424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sethi","given":"Suresh","email":"ssethi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Everett, Jason","contributorId":288792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Everett","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewis, Cara J.","contributorId":288794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Cara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lynn, Robert J.","contributorId":288795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lynn","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cook, Geoffrey M.","contributorId":288798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Garlich-Miller, Joel L.","contributorId":288799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garlich-Miller","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wenburg, John K.","contributorId":288802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wenburg","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70211285,"text":"70211285 - 2020 - 3-D joint geodetic and strong-motion finite fault inversion of the 2008 May 12, Wenchuan, China Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-22T15:54:02.669243","indexId":"70211285","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-02T10:15:09","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"3-D joint geodetic and strong-motion finite fault inversion of the 2008 May 12, Wenchuan, China Earthquake","docAbstract":"We present a source inversion of the 2008 Wenchuan, China earthquake, using strong-motion waveforms and geodetic offsets together with three-dimensional synthetic ground motions. We applied the linear multiple time window technique considering geodetic and dynamic Green's functions computed with the finite element method and the reciprocity and Strain Green’s Tensor formalism. All ground motion estimates, valid up to 1 Hz, accounted for three-dimensional effects, including the topography and the geometry of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults. Our joint inversion has a higher moment (M0) than a purely geodetic inversion and the slip distribution presents differences when compared to one-dimensional model source inversions. The moment is estimated to be M0=1.2x1021 Nm, slightly larger than other works. Our results show that considering a complex 3D structure reduces the size of large areas of 10 m slip or greater by distributing it in wider zones, with reduced slips, in the central portion of the Beichuan and the Pengguan faults. Finally, we compare our source with a relocated aftershock catalog and conclude that the 4-5 m slip contours approximately bound the absence or presence of aftershocks.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggaa239","usgsCitation":"Ramirez-Guzman, L., and Hartzell, S.H., 2020, 3-D joint geodetic and strong-motion finite fault inversion of the 2008 May 12, Wenchuan, China Earthquake: Geophysical Journal International, v. 222, no. 2, p. 1390-1404, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa239.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1390","endPage":"1404","ipdsId":"IP-118508","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","state":"Wenchuan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 102.8627,30.7646 ], [ 102.8627,31.7162 ], [ 103.7466,31.7162 ], [ 103.7466,30.7646 ], [ 102.8627,30.7646 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"222","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo","contributorId":175444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez-Guzman","given":"Leonardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210353,"text":"ofr20201039 - 2020 - Dye-tracing plan for verifying the Kansas River time-of-travel model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T15:33:07.235685","indexId":"ofr20201039","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-02T10:13:06","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1039","displayTitle":"Dye-Tracing Plan for Verifying the Kansas River Time-of-Travel Model","title":"Dye-tracing plan for verifying the Kansas River time-of-travel model","docAbstract":"The Kansas River provides drinking water for multiple cities in northeastern Kansas and is used for recreational purposes. Thus, improving the scientific knowledge of streamflow velocities and traveltimes will greatly aid in water-treatment plans and response to critical events and threats to water supplies. Dye-tracer studies are usually done to enhance knowledge of transport characteristics, which include streamflow velocities, traveltimes, and dispersion rates, within a river system. To achieve this in the Kansas River, rhodamine water-tracing dye is planned to be injected into the Kansas River during three different flow ranges at three locations: Manhattan, Topeka, and Eudora. The primary purpose of doing a dye-tracer study in the Kansas River is to calibrate a time-of-travel model used for estimating streamflow velocities and traveltimes, which can be used by the public as well as drinking water suppliers to protect water resources and public-water supplies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201039","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office, Kansas Department of Health and Environment, The Nature Conservancy, City of Topeka, Johnson County WaterOne, City of Manhattan, and City of Olathe","usgsCitation":"Davis, C.A., Lukasz, B.S., and May, M.R., 2020, Dye-tracing plan for verifying the Kansas River time-of-travel model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1039, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201039.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-107718","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375197,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1039/ofr20201039.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.58 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020–1039"},{"id":375196,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1039/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Kansas River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 38.53097889440024\n ],\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 38.53097889440024\n ],\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 39.926588421909436\n ],\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 39.926588421909436\n ],\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 38.53097889440024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
Brazilian elodea (Egeria densa) is an invasive freshwater plant that demonstrates widespread ecological impacts in freshwater ecosystems and causes substantial economic damage. Here, we developed an environmental DNA assay for detection of E. densa to provide resource managers with a tool for early detection, identification, and monitoring of invasive populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12686-020-01152-w","usgsCitation":"Chase, D.M., Kuehne, L.M., Olden, J., and Ostberg, C.O., 2020, Development of a quantitative PCR assay for detecting Egeria densa in environmental DNA samples: Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 12, p. 545-548, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-020-01152-w.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"545","endPage":"548","ipdsId":"IP-118906","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chase, Dorothy M. 0000-0002-7759-2687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7759-2687","contributorId":203926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuehne, Lauren M","contributorId":222591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuehne","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":40565,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olden, Julian D.","contributorId":202893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olden","given":"Julian D.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ostberg, Carl O. 0000-0003-1479-8458","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-8458","contributorId":220731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostberg","given":"Carl","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70222104,"text":"70222104 - 2020 - The 1951 eruption of Mount Lamington, Papua New Guinea: Devastating directed blast triggered by small-scale edifice failure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-21T11:55:35.102908","indexId":"70222104","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-02T07:23:19","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1951 eruption of Mount Lamington, Papua New Guinea: Devastating directed blast triggered by small-scale edifice failure","docAbstract":"The catastrophic explosion of Mount Lamington volcano, Papua New Guinea on January 21, 1951 produced a devastating pyroclastic density current (PDC) that knocked down dense tropical rainforest over an area of 230 km2 and killed approximately 3000 people. We present results of a field reinvestigation of the 1951 PDC deposit combined with an analysis of the available photographs and eyewitness accounts of the eruption first published in the fundamental work of G. A. M. Taylor (1958).
We have concluded that the six-days-long pre-climactic activity before the 1951 eruption (which included felt local seismicity, frequent ash-laden explosions of vulcanian type, bulging of the volcano slope accompanied with landslides) was associated with shallow-level intrusion of a highly viscous magma body (cryptodome/dome) of andesitic composition with a volume of approximately 0.01 km3. This intrusion destabilized Mount Lamington's prehistoric intra-crater lava dome.
On January 21 the destabilized dome gravitationally collapsed and produced a relatively small-volume debris avalanche, the deposit of which was not recognized during Taylor's original investigation. The debris avalanche had a volume of approximately 0.02–0.04 km3, travelled a distance (L) of 8.5 km and had the ratio of vertical drop (H) to runout (L) of 0.14. The edifice collapse decompressed the intruding cryptodome and triggered its explosive fragmentation.
Photographs of the climactic explosion show that the eruptive cloud initially rose vertically but subsequently collapsed upon the terrain around the vent, and formed a PDC which flowed radially outward. The enhanced northward propagation of the PDC to a maximum distance of 13 km reveals that the northern breach in the ancient crater's high walls influenced the distribution of the deposit. In the studied NE-N-NW sector of the devastated area, in the zone proximal to the volcano, the PDC emplaced a normally graded layer of coarse ash and lapilli mixed in the base with picked-up soil and plant fragments. The layer gradually becomes thinner and finer-grained with distance from the volcano. The PDC deposit has a volume of approximately 0.025 km3 and consists of approximately 80% juvenile rock fragments derived from the explosively fragmented cryptodome. The remaining 20% consists of accidental clasts derived from the old volcanic edifice. The juvenile material is crystal-rich andesite with a unimodal vesicularity distribution (4 to 36%). The reconstructed eruption sequence, the PDC tree blowdown pattern and characteristics of the PDC deposit are similar to those of catastrophic laterally-directed blasts of volcanoes Bezymianny in 1956, Mount St.Helens in 1980, and Soufriere Hills, Montserrat in 1997. In contrast to the cases of these “classic” lateral blasts, the blast cloud of Lamington was initially vertically-directed before collapsing to produce a PDC. We speculate that the climactic explosion of Mount Lamington was initially vertical because the rupture surface of the triggering sector collapse intersected the apex of the intruding cryptodome (it exposed a subhorizontal surface of the cryptodome apex), while at Bezymianny, Mount St.Helens, and Soufriere Hills the rupture intersected the main body of the cryptodome/dome, and exposed their steeply inclined surfaces.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106947","usgsCitation":"Belousov, A., Belousova, M., Hoblitt, R.P., and Patia, H., 2020, The 1951 eruption of Mount Lamington, Papua New Guinea: Devastating directed blast triggered by small-scale edifice failure: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 401, 106947, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106947.","productDescription":"106947, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113773","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106947","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387298,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Papua New Guinea","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[155.88003,-6.82],[155.59999,-6.91999],[155.16699,-6.53593],[154.72919,-5.90083],[154.51411,-5.13912],[154.6525,-5.04243],[154.75999,-5.33998],[155.06292,-5.56679],[155.54775,-6.20065],[156.01997,-6.54001],[155.88003,-6.82]]],[[[151.9828,-5.47806],[151.45911,-5.56028],[151.30139,-5.84073],[150.75445,-6.08376],[150.2412,-6.31775],[149.70996,-6.31651],[148.89006,-6.02604],[148.31894,-5.74714],[148.40183,-5.43776],[149.29841,-5.58374],[149.84556,-5.5055],[149.99625,-5.0261],[150.13976,-5.00135],[150.23691,-5.53222],[150.80747,-5.45584],[151.08967,-5.11369],[151.64788,-4.75707],[151.53786,-4.16781],[152.13679,-4.14879],[152.33874,-4.31297],[152.31869,-4.86766],[151.9828,-5.47806]]],[[[147.19187,-7.38802],[148.08464,-8.04411],[148.73411,-9.10466],[149.30684,-9.07144],[149.26663,-9.51441],[150.03873,-9.68432],[149.7388,-9.87294],[150.80163,-10.29369],[150.69057,-10.58271],[150.02839,-10.65248],[149.78231,-10.39327],[148.92314,-10.28092],[147.91302,-10.13044],[147.13544,-9.49244],[146.56788,-8.94255],[146.04848,-8.06741],[144.74417,-7.63013],[143.89709,-7.91533],[143.28638,-8.24549],[143.41391,-8.98307],[142.62843,-9.32682],[142.06826,-9.1596],[141.03385,-9.11789],[141.01706,-5.85902],[141.00021,-2.60015],[142.73525,-3.28915],[144.58397,-3.86142],[145.27318,-4.37374],[145.82979,-4.8765],[145.98192,-5.46561],[147.64807,-6.08366],[147.89111,-6.61401],[146.97091,-6.72166],[147.19187,-7.38802]]],[[[153.14004,-4.49998],[152.82729,-4.76643],[152.63867,-4.17613],[152.40603,-3.78974],[151.95324,-3.46206],[151.38428,-3.03542],[150.66205,-2.74149],[150.93997,-2.5],[151.47998,-2.77999],[151.82002,-2.99997],[152.23999,-3.24001],[152.64002,-3.65998],[153.01999,-3.98002],[153.14004,-4.49998]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Papua New Guinea\"}}]}","volume":"401","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belousov, Alexander","contributorId":261229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belousov","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[{"id":52776,"text":"(1) Institute of Volcanology and Seismology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belousova, Marina","contributorId":261230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belousova","given":"Marina","affiliations":[{"id":52776,"text":"(1) Institute of Volcanology and Seismology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoblitt, Richard P. 0000-0001-5850-4760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5850-4760","contributorId":220615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patia, Herman","contributorId":261231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patia","given":"Herman","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52777,"text":"Rabaul Volcano Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70211486,"text":"70211486 - 2020 - Validating climate‐change refugia: Empirical bottom‐up approaches to support management actions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-29T01:01:13.05246","indexId":"70211486","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T19:56:01","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validating climate‐change refugia: Empirical bottom‐up approaches to support management actions","docAbstract":"Efforts to conserve biodiversity increasingly focus on identifying climate‐change refugia – areas relatively buffered from contemporary climate change over time that enable species persistence. Identification of refugia typically includes modeling the distribution of a species’ current habitat and then extrapolating that distribution given projected changes in temperature and precipitation, or by mapping topographic features that buffer species from regional climate extremes. However, the function of those hypothesized refugia must be validated (or challenged) with independent data not used in the initial identification of the refugia. Although doing so would facilitate the incorporation of climate‐change refugia into conservation and management decision making, a synthesis of validation methods is currently lacking. We reviewed the literature and defined four methods to test refugia predictions. We propose that such bottom‐up approaches can lead to improved protected‐area designations and on‐the‐ground management actions to reduce influences from non‐climate stressors within potential refugia.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/fee.2205","usgsCitation":"Barrows, C., Ramirez, A.R., Sweet, L.C., Morelli, T.L., Millar, C., Frakes, N., Rodgers, J., and Mahalovich, M.F., 2020, Validating climate‐change refugia: Empirical bottom‐up approaches to support management actions: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 18, no. 5, p. 298-306, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2205.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"306","ipdsId":"IP-112734","costCenters":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2205","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -106.6552734375,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -106.6552734375,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 42.01665183556825\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrows, Cameron W.","contributorId":236818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrows","given":"Cameron W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramirez, Aaron R.","contributorId":149780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17824,"text":"UC Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweet, Lynn C.","contributorId":149951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweet","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morelli, Toni Lyn 0000-0001-5865-5294 tmorelli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5865-5294","contributorId":197458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morelli","given":"Toni","email":"tmorelli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lyn","affiliations":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Millar, Constance I.","contributorId":99005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millar","given":"Constance I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frakes, Neil","contributorId":177303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frakes","given":"Neil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rodgers, Jane","contributorId":236752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodgers","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mahalovich, Mary Frances","contributorId":200724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahalovich","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Frances","affiliations":[{"id":27110,"text":"U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70209203,"text":"70209203 - 2020 - Modeling geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide in a deep saline carbonate reservoir with TOUGH2–ChemPlugin, a new tool for reactive transport modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-08T13:52:10.668552","indexId":"70209203","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T19:04:41","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1541,"text":"Environmental Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide in a deep saline carbonate reservoir with TOUGH2–ChemPlugin, a new tool for reactive transport modeling","docAbstract":"This paper outlines the development and demonstration of a new tool, TOUGH2–ChemPlugin (T2CPI) for predicting rock–water–CO2 interaction following injection of supercritical CO2 into a heterogeneous carbonate system. Specifically, modeling capabilities of TOUGH2, which examines multiphase flow and supercritical CO2 behavior, were combined with the geochemical modeling capabilities of The Geochemist’s Workbench® (GWB), using ChemPluginTM. ChemPlugin is a self-linking re-entrant software object that, when coupled to a transport simulator, retains the flow and transport capabilities of the simulator but enables incorporation of reactive chemistry via GWB. To test and assess the capabilities of T2CPI, results from T2CPI simulations were compared to those of TOUGHREACT, using the same carbonate reservoir parameters (based on the Dollar Bay Formation of the South Florida Basin). Overall, results of simulations from TOUGHREACT and T2CPI were very similar for nearly all evaluated parameters. Dissimilarities between the two programs included qualitative differences in how TOUGHREACT and T2CPI predicted calcite dissolution and the subsequent spatial pattern of the porosity gain caused by how each handles evaporation of water near the injection point. The TOUGHREACT program is a proven, widely used tool for evaluating CO2–brine–rock interaction following supercritical CO2 injection. The T2CPI tool offers similar capabilities and strengths of TOUGHREACT, with the ability to read in and use databases for a wide range of activity coefficient types. This program also has abilities to use a wide range of kinetic constraints, define those kinetic constraints with scripts or compiled libraries, account for colloidal transport, and/or account for a wide range of surface sorption models.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","doi":"10.1306/eg.08061919003","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Roberts-Ashby, T., Berger, P.M., Cunningham, J.A., Kumar, R., and Blondes, M., 2020, Modeling geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide in a deep saline carbonate reservoir with TOUGH2–ChemPlugin, a new tool for reactive transport modeling: Environmental Geosciences, v. 27, no. 2, p. 103-116, https://doi.org/10.1306/eg.08061919003.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"116","ipdsId":"IP-098127","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dollar Bay Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.18298339843749,\n 24.297040469311558\n ],\n [\n -79.73876953125,\n 24.297040469311558\n ],\n [\n -79.73876953125,\n 27.81478637667891\n ],\n [\n -83.18298339843749,\n 27.81478637667891\n ],\n [\n -83.18298339843749,\n 24.297040469311558\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts-Ashby, Tina L. 0000-0003-2940-1740","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2940-1740","contributorId":205925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts-Ashby","given":"Tina L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":785375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, Peter M.","contributorId":223538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berger","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40735,"text":"Illionois State Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cunningham, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":223539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":40736,"text":"Dept of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kumar, Ram","contributorId":223540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumar","given":"Ram","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40737,"text":"Dept. of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Univ. of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blondes, Madalyn S. 0000-0003-0320-0107 mblondes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0107","contributorId":3598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blondes","given":"Madalyn S.","email":"mblondes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70211481,"text":"70211481 - 2020 - Climate‐change refugia: Biodiversity in the slow lane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-28T23:53:44.020206","indexId":"70211481","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T18:42:45","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate‐change refugia: Biodiversity in the slow lane","docAbstract":"Climate‐change adaptation focuses on conducting and translating research to minimize the dire impacts of anthropogenic climate change, including threats to biodiversity and human welfare. One adaptation strategy is to focus conservation on climate‐change refugia (that is, areas relatively buffered from contemporary climate change over time that enable persistence of valued physical, ecological, and sociocultural resources). In this Special Issue, recent methodological and conceptual advances in refugia science will be highlighted. Advances in this emerging subdiscipline are improving scientific understanding and conservation in the face of climate change by considering scale and ecosystem dynamics, and looking beyond climate exposure to sensitivity and adaptive capacity. We propose considering refugia in the context of a multifaceted, long‐term, network‐based approach, as temporal and spatial gradients of ecological persistence that can act as “slow lanes” rather than areas of stasis. After years of discussion confined primarily to the scientific literature, researchers and resource managers are now working together to put refugia conservation into practice.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/fee.2189","usgsCitation":"Morelli, T.L., Barrows, C., Ramirez, A.R., Cartwright, J.M., Ackerly, D.D., Eaves, T.D., Ebersole, J.L., Krawchuk, M.A., Letcher, B., Mahalovich, M.F., Meigs, G., Michalak, J., Millar, C., Quinones, R.M., Stralberg, D., and Thorne, J.H., 2020, Climate‐change refugia: Biodiversity in the slow lane: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 18, no. 5, p. 228-234, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2189.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"228","endPage":"234","ipdsId":"IP-111144","costCenters":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2189","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morelli, Toni Lyn 0000-0001-5865-5294 tmorelli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5865-5294","contributorId":197458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morelli","given":"Toni","email":"tmorelli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lyn","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrows, Cameron W.","contributorId":236818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrows","given":"Cameron W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramirez, Aaron R.","contributorId":149780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17824,"text":"UC Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cartwright, Jennifer M. 0000-0003-0851-8456 jmcart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-8456","contributorId":5386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmcart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ackerly, David D.","contributorId":182417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackerly","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eaves, Tatiana D.","contributorId":236819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eaves","given":"Tatiana","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ebersole, Joseph L.","contributorId":146938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebersole","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12657,"text":"EPA NEIC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Krawchuk, Meg A.","contributorId":13366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krawchuk","given":"Meg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin 0000-0003-0191-5678 bletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":169305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin","email":"bletcher@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mahalovich, Mary Frances","contributorId":200724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahalovich","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Frances","affiliations":[{"id":27110,"text":"U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Meigs, Garrett","contributorId":192344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meigs","given":"Garrett","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Michalak, Julia 0000-0002-2524-8390","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2524-8390","contributorId":210589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michalak","given":"Julia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Millar, Constance I.","contributorId":99005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millar","given":"Constance I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Quinones, Rebecca M.","contributorId":172968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinones","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Stralberg, Diana","contributorId":225709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stralberg","given":"Diana","affiliations":[{"id":36696,"text":"University of Alberta","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Thorne, James H.","contributorId":173762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorne","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70211253,"text":"70211253 - 2020 - Locality note for rubber boa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-06T23:20:25.341027","indexId":"70211253","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T18:19:03","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Locality note for rubber boa","docAbstract":"CHARINA BOTTAE BOTTAE (N. Rubber Boa), USA: CALIFORNIA: Monterey Co.: Landels-Hill Big Creek Reserve, east side of Hwy. 1, 80 km (50 miles) south of Carmel, Calif., (36.0719055 N 121.5991555 W) 19 June, 2009; (36.0703611 N 121.5982222 W) 06 July 2009; (36.9516666 N 121.5991944 W) 27 July 2009. In chronological order, photo vouchers MVZObs:Herp:26, MVZObs:Herp:27, MVZObs:Herp:28. Verified by Mitchell Mulks, formerly of 84 Redondo Ave. Suisun City, Calif., Michelle Koo, Staff Curator, Biodiversity Informatics & GIS and Researcher, MVZ, U.C., Berkeley, Calif. New southern extension of the species in the Santa Lucia Range of Monterey Co. approximately 48 km. (30 miles) south of previous range extension south of Carmel in Bixby Canyon (Burger, L.W., Herpetologica, Vol. 8. Part 1. March 22, 1952), and approximately 4 km. (2.5 miles) south of MVZ #229876 found 20 miles north of Nacimiento Road, at approximate coordinates of 36.10033 N 121.62026 W.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Tomoleoni, J.A., and Hoyer, R.F., 2020, Locality note for rubber boa: Herpetological Review, v. 51, no. 2, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113927","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377146,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":377145,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ssarherps.org/herpetological-review-pdfs/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Monterey County","city":"Carmel","otherGeospatial":"Santa Lucia Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.89743041992189,\n 36.49556152992\n ],\n [\n -121.83151245117186,\n 36.49556152992\n ],\n [\n -121.83151245117186,\n 36.54908666159689\n ],\n [\n -121.89743041992189,\n 36.54908666159689\n ],\n [\n -121.89743041992189,\n 36.49556152992\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tomoleoni, Joseph A. 0000-0001-6980-251X jtomoleoni@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6980-251X","contributorId":167551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomoleoni","given":"Joseph","email":"jtomoleoni@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoyer, Richard F","contributorId":229515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoyer","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F","affiliations":[{"id":41662,"text":"Corvallis, OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210492,"text":"70210492 - 2020 - Validation of laboratory tests for infectious diseases in wild mammals: Review and recommendations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-13T15:42:29.145635","indexId":"70210492","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T16:58:52","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2492,"text":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of laboratory tests for infectious diseases in wild mammals: Review and recommendations","docAbstract":"Evaluation of the diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (DSp) of tests for infectious diseases in wild animals is challenging, and some of the limitations may affect compliance with the OIE-recommended test validation pathway. We conducted a methodologic review of test validation studies for OIE-listed diseases in wild mammals published between 2008 and 2017 and focused on study design, statistical analysis, and reporting of results. Most published papers addressed Mycobacterium bovis infection in one or more wildlife species. Our review revealed limitations or missing information about sampled animals, identification criteria for positive and negative samples (case definition), representativeness of source and target populations, and species in the study, as well as information identifying animals sampled for calculations of DSe and DSp as naturally infected captive, free-ranging, or experimentally challenged animals. The deficiencies may have reflected omissions in reporting rather than design flaws, although lack of random sampling might have induced bias in estimates of DSe and DSp. We used case studies of validation of tests for hemorrhagic diseases in deer and white-nose syndrome in hibernating bats to demonstrate approaches for validation when new pathogen serotypes or genotypes are detected and diagnostic algorithms are changed, and how purposes of tests evolve together with the evolution of the pathogen after identification. We describe potential benefits of experimental challenge studies for obtaining DSe and DSp estimates, methods to maintain sample integrity, and Bayesian latent class models for statistical analysis. We make recommendations for improvements in future studies of detection test accuracy in wild mammals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sage","doi":"10.1177/1040638720920346","usgsCitation":"Beibei, J., Colling, D., Stallknecht, D., Blehert, D.S., Bingham, J., Crossley, B., Eagles, D., and Gardner, I.A., 2020, Validation of laboratory tests for infectious diseases in wild mammals: Review and recommendations: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, v. 32, no. 6, p. 776-792, https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638720920346.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"776","endPage":"792","ipdsId":"IP-110153","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638720920346","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":375380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beibei, Jia","contributorId":225105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beibei","given":"Jia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41036,"text":"Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colling, David","contributorId":225106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colling","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41037,"text":"CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stallknecht, David E.","contributorId":225107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stallknecht","given":"David E.","affiliations":[{"id":36701,"text":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blehert, David S. 0000-0002-1065-9760 dblehert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":140397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"David","email":"dblehert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bingham, John","contributorId":225108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bingham","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41037,"text":"CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crossley, Beate","contributorId":225109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crossley","given":"Beate","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41039,"text":"and California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California Davis, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eagles, Debbie","contributorId":225110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eagles","given":"Debbie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41037,"text":"CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gardner, Ian A","contributorId":168476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":25301,"text":"Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, 9 Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70211962,"text":"70211962 - 2020 - An empirical comparison of population genetic analyses using microsatellite and SNP data for a species of conservation concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-12T21:20:12.67786","indexId":"70211962","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T16:14:16","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":956,"text":"BMC Genomics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical comparison of population genetic analyses using microsatellite and SNP data for a species of conservation concern","docAbstract":"Use of genomic tools to characterize wildlife populations has increased in recent years. In the past, genetic characterization has been accomplished with more traditional genetic tools (e.g., microsatellites). The explosion of genomic methods and the subsequent creation of large SNP datasets has led to the promise of increased precision in population genetic parameter estimates and identification of demographically and evolutionarily independent groups, as well as questions about the future usefulness of the more traditional genetic tools. At present, few empirical comparisons of population genetic parameters and clustering analyses performed with microsatellites and SNPs have been conducted.
Here we used microsatellite and SNP data generated from Gunnison sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus) samples to evaluate concordance of the results obtained from each dataset for common metrics of genetic diversity (HO, HE, FIS, AR) and differentiation (FST, GST, DJost). Additionally, we evaluated clustering of individuals using putatively neutral (SNPs and microsatellites), putatively adaptive, and a combined dataset of putatively neutral and adaptive loci. We took particular interest in the conservation implications of any differences. Generally, we found high concordance between microsatellites and SNPs for HE, FIS, AR, and all differentiation estimates. Although there was strong correlation between metrics from SNPs and microsatellites, the magnitude of the diversity and differentiation metrics were quite different in some cases. Clustering analyses also showed similar patterns, though SNP data was able to cluster individuals into more distinct groups. Importantly, clustering analyses with SNP data suggest strong demographic independence among the six distinct populations of Gunnison sage-grouse with some indication of evolutionary independence in two or three populations; a finding that was not revealed by microsatellite data.
We demonstrate that SNPs have three main advantages over microsatellites: more precise estimates of population-level diversity, higher power to identify groups in clustering methods, and the ability to consider local adaptation. This study adds to a growing body of work comparing the use of SNPs and microsatellites to evaluate genetic diversity and differentiation for a species of conservation concern with relatively high population structure and using the most common method of obtaining SNP genotypes for non-model organisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"BMC","doi":"10.1186/s12864-020-06783-9","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, S.J., Aldridge, C., and Oyler-McCance, S.J., 2020, An empirical comparison of population genetic analyses using microsatellite and SNP data for a species of conservation concern: BMC Genomics, v. 21, 382, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-06783-9.","productDescription":"382, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-114139","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456536,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-06783-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P94ET592","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sample collection information and SNP data for Gunnison Sage-grouse across the species range generated in the Molecular Ecology Lab during 2015-2018"},{"id":436944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P920WO0Q","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sample collection information and microsatellite data for Gunnison sage-grouse pre and post translocation"},{"id":377446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.59912109375,\n 35.764343479667176\n ],\n [\n -106.0400390625,\n 35.764343479667176\n ],\n [\n -106.0400390625,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -111.59912109375,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -111.59912109375,\n 35.764343479667176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Shawna J 0000-0003-3394-6102 szimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3394-6102","contributorId":238076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Shawna","email":"szimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":213471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron L.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70211970,"text":"70211970 - 2020 - Laboratory trials to evaluate carbon dioxide as a potential behavioral control method for invasive red swamp (Procambarus clarkii) and rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-12T20:41:03.507096","indexId":"70211970","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T15:39:20","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Laboratory trials to evaluate carbon dioxide as a potential behavioral control method for invasive red swamp (Procambarus clarkii) and rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus)","title":"Laboratory trials to evaluate carbon dioxide as a potential behavioral control method for invasive red swamp (Procambarus clarkii) and rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus)","docAbstract":"Few effective strategies are available to control invasive crayfishes. Carbon dioxide (CO2) acts as a behavioral deterrent for invasive fishes and could be a useful crayfish control tool. The objective of this laboratory study was to quantify CO2 concentrations that caused red swamp crayfish (RSC; Procambarus clarkii) and rusty crayfish (RYC; Faxonius rusticus) avoidance behavior, altered emergence behavior, and caused loss of equilibrium. Behavioral endpoints were quantified under light and dark conditions and at 10 and 24 °C. Avoidance responses from both species varied widely. Under light conditions, 35 mg/L CO2 was needed to induce the first avoidance shuttle in both crayfish species at 10 °C. CO2 concentrations of 42 mg/L for RYC and 46 mg/L for RSC were required for first shuttle at 24 °C. The first avoidance shuttle was induced at 37 mg/L CO2 for RYC and 54 mg/L CO2 for RSC at 10 °C in the dark. At 24 °C, 44 mg/L CO2 was required for first shuttle for both species. Less CO2 was needed to cause the last avoidance shuttle in RYC compared to RSC at both temperatures and under both lighting conditions. RSC emergence occurred at 418 ± 77 mg/L CO2, and loss of equilibrium occurred for both species at 1,231 ± 201 mg/L CO2. RYC appeared to be more sensitive than RSC to CO2, but behavior did not differ among light and water temperature treatments. These results demonstrate that CO2 alters crayfish behavior. The CO2 concentrations identified during this study may inform field testing to develop CO2 as a potential control tool for invasive crayfishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"REABIC","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2020.11.2.06","usgsCitation":"Fredricks, K.T., Tix, J., Smerud, J.R., and Cupp, A.R., 2020, Laboratory trials to evaluate carbon dioxide as a potential behavioral control method for invasive red swamp (Procambarus clarkii) and rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus): Biological Invasions, v. 11, no. 2, p. 259-278, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2020.11.2.06.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"278","ipdsId":"IP-102493","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456537,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2020.11.2.06","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9R7AQVM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Evaluation of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) as a non-physical deterrent to invasive Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and Rusty Crayfish (Faxonius rusticus): Data"},{"id":377437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fredricks, Kim T. 0000-0003-2363-7891 kfredricks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-7891","contributorId":173994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredricks","given":"Kim","email":"kfredricks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tix, John A.","contributorId":126766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tix","given":"John A.","affiliations":[{"id":6602,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smerud, Justin R. 0000-0003-4385-7437 jrsmerud@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-7437","contributorId":5031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smerud","given":"Justin","email":"jrsmerud@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cupp, Aaron R. 0000-0001-5995-2100 acupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-2100","contributorId":5162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cupp","given":"Aaron","email":"acupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}