{"pageNumber":"622","pageRowStart":"15525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46883,"records":[{"id":70040152,"text":"70040152 - 2012 - Geogenic sources of benzene in aquifers used for public supply, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-04T14:13:26","indexId":"70040152","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geogenic sources of benzene in aquifers used for public supply, California","docAbstract":"Statistical evaluation of two large statewide data sets from the California State Water Board's Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program (1973 wells) and the California Department of Public Health (12417 wells) reveals that benzene occurs infrequently (1.7%) and at generally low concentrations (median detected concentration of 0.024 μg/L) in groundwater used for public supply in California. When detected, benzene is more often related to geogenic (45% of detections) than anthropogenic sources (27% of detections). Similar relations are evident for the sum of 17 hydrocarbons analyzed. Benzene occurs most frequently and at the highest concentrations in old, brackish, and reducing groundwater; the detection frequency was 13.0% in groundwater with tritium <1 pCi/L, specific conductance >1600 μS/cm, and anoxic conditions. This groundwater is typically deep (>180 m). Benzene occurs somewhat less frequently in recent, shallow, and reducing groundwater; the detection frequency was 2.6% in groundwater with tritium ≥1 pCi/L, depth <30 m, and anoxic conditions. Evidence for geogenic sources of benzene include: higher concentrations and detection frequencies with increasing well depth, groundwater age, and proximity to oil and gas fields; and higher salinity and lower chloride/iodide ratios in old groundwater with detections of benzene, consistent with interactions with oil-field brines.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es302024c","usgsCitation":"Landon, M.K., and Belitz, K., 2012, Geogenic sources of benzene in aquifers used for public supply, California: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 16, p. 8689-8697, https://doi.org/10.1021/es302024c.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"8689","endPage":"8697","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262214,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es302024c"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"46","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d519de4b002b5ec71a830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040161,"text":"ofr20121191 - 2012 - Measurement of near-surface seismic compressional wave velocities using refraction tomography at a proposed construction site on the Presidio of Monterey, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-03T17:16:16","indexId":"ofr20121191","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1191","title":"Measurement of near-surface seismic compressional wave velocities using refraction tomography at a proposed construction site on the Presidio of Monterey, California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is determining the feasibility of constructing a new barracks building on the U.S. Army Presidio of Monterey in Monterey, California. Due to the presence of an endangered orchid in the proposed area, invasive techniques such as exploratory drill holes are prohibited. To aid in determining the feasibility, budget, and design of this building, a compressional-wave seismic refraction survey was proposed by the U.S. Geological Survey as an alternative means of investigating the depth to competent bedrock. Two sub-parallel profiles were acquired along an existing foot path and a fence line to minimize impacts on the endangered flora. The compressional-wave seismic refraction tomography data for both profiles indicate that no competent rock classified as non-rippable or marginally rippable exists within the top 30 feet beneath the ground surface.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121191","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Powers, M.H., and Burton, B., 2012, Measurement of near-surface seismic compressional wave velocities using refraction tomography at a proposed construction site on the Presidio of Monterey, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1191, iii; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121191.","productDescription":"iii; 17 p.","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1191.gif"},{"id":262220,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262221,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1191/OF12-1191.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Monterey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.9,36.56666666666667 ], [ -121.9,36.6 ], [ -121.86666666666666,36.6 ], [ -121.86666666666666,36.56666666666667 ], [ -121.9,36.56666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d51b7e4b002b5ec71a839","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powers, Michael H. 0000-0002-4480-7856 mhpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-7856","contributorId":851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Michael","email":"mhpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040166,"text":"sir20125134 - 2012 - Water quality, hydrology, and simulated response to changes in phosphorus loading of Mercer Lake, Iron County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of wastewater discharges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:26:32","indexId":"sir20125134","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5134","title":"Water quality, hydrology, and simulated response to changes in phosphorus loading of Mercer Lake, Iron County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of wastewater discharges","docAbstract":"Mercer Lake is a relatively shallow drainage lake in north-central Wisconsin. The area near the lake has gone through many changes over the past century, including urbanization and industrial development. To try to improve the water quality of the lake, actions have been taken, such as removal of the lumber mill and diversion of all effluent from the sewage treatment plant away from the lake; however, it is uncertain how these actions have affected water quality. Mercer Lake area residents and authorities would like to continue to try to improve the water quality of the lake; however, they would like to place their efforts in the actions that will have the most beneficial effects. To provide a better understanding of the factors affecting the water quality of Mercer Lake, a detailed study of the lake and its watershed was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in collaboration with the Mercer Lake Association. The purposes of the study were to describe the water quality of the lake and the composition of its sediments; quantify the sources of water and phosphorus loading to the lake, including sources associated with wastewater discharges; and evaluate the effects of past and future changes in phosphorus inputs on the water quality of the lake using eutrophication models (models that simulate changes in phosphorus and algae concentrations and water clarity in the lake). Based on analyses of sediment cores and monitoring data collected from the lake, the water quality of Mercer Lake appears to have degraded as a result of the activities in its watershed over the past 100 years. The water quality appears to have improved, however, since a sewage treatment plant was constructed in 1965 and its effluent was routed away from the lake in 1995. Since 2000, when a more consistent monitoring program began, the water quality of the lake appears to have changed very little. During the two monitoring years (MY) 2008-09, the average summer near-surface concentration of total phosphorus was 0.023 mg/L, indicating the lake is borderline mesotrophic-eutrophic, or has moderate to high concentrations of phosphorus, whereas the average summer chlorophyll a concentration was 3.3 mg/L and water clarity, as measured with a Secchi depth, was 10.4 ft, both indicating mesotrophic conditions or that the lake has a moderate amount of algae and water clarity. Although actions have been taken to eliminate the wastewater discharges, the bottom sediment still has slightly elevated concentrations of several pollutants from wastewater discharges, lumber operations, and roadway drainage, and a few naturally occurring metals (such as iron). None of the concentrations, however, were high enough above the defined thresholds to be of concern. Based on nitrogen to phosphorus ratios, the productivity (algal growth) in Mercer Lake should typically be limited by phosphorus; therefore, understanding the phosphorus input to the lake is important when management efforts to improve or prevent degradation of the lake water quality are considered. Total inputs of phosphorus to Mercer Lake were directly estimated for MY 2008-09 at about 340 lb/yr and for a recent year with more typical hydrology at about 475 lb/yr. During these years, the largest sources of phosphorus were from Little Turtle Inlet, which contributed about 45 percent, and the drainage area near the lake containing the adjacent urban and residential developments, which contributed about 24 percent. Prior to 1965, when there was no sewage treatment plant and septic systems and other untreated systems contributed nutrients to the watershed, phosphorus loadings were estimated to be about 71 percent higher than during around 2009. In 1965, a sewage treatment plant was built, but its effluent was released in the downstream end of the lake. Depending on various assumptions on how much effluent was retained in the lake, phosphorus inputs from wastewater may have ranged from 0 to 342 lb. Future highway and stormwater improvements have been identified in the Mercer Infrastructure Improvement Project, and if they are done with the proposed best management practices, then phosphorus inputs to the lake may decrease by about 40 lb. Eutrophication models [Canfield and Bachman model (1981) and Carlson Trophic State Index equations (1977)] were used to predict how the water quality of Mercer Lake should respond to changes in phosphorus loading. A relatively linear response was found between phosphorus loading and phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations in the lake, with changes in phosphorus concentrations being slightly less (about 80 percent) and changes in chlorophyll a concentrations being slightly more (about 120 percent) than the changes in phosphorus loadings to the lake. Water clarity, indicated by Secchi depths, responded more to decreases in phosphorus loading than to increases in loading. Results from the eutrophication models indicated that the lake should have been negatively affected by the wastewater discharges. Prior to 1965, when there was no sewage treatment plant effluent and inputs from the septic systems and other untreated systems were thought to be high, the lake should have been eutrophic; near the surface, average phosphorus concentrations were almost 0.035 mg/L, chlorophyll a concentrations were about 7 μg/L, and Secchi depths were about 6 ft, which agreed with the shallower Secchi depths during this time estimated from the sediment-core analysis. The models indicated that between 1965 and 1995, when the lake retained some of the effluent from the new sewage treatment plant, water quality should have been between the conditions estimated prior to 1965 and what was expected during typical hydrologic conditions around MY 2008-09. The models also indicated that if the future Mercer Infrastructure Improvement Project is conducted with the best management practices as proposed, the water quality in the lake could improve slightly from that measured during 2006-10. Because of the small amount of phosphorus that is presently input into Mercer Lake any additional phosphorus added to the lake could degrade water quality; therefore, management actions can usefully focus on minimizing future phosphorus inputs. Phosphorus released from the sediments of a degraded lake often delays its response to decreases in external phosphorus loading, especially in shallow, frequently mixed systems. Mercer Lake, however, remains stratified throughout most of the summer, and phosphorus released from the sediments represents only about 6 percent, or a small fraction, of the total phosphorus load to the lake. Therefore, the phosphorus trapped in the sediments should minimally affect the long-term water quality of the lake and should not delay the response in its productivity to future changes in nutrient loading from its watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125134","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mercer School District","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., Garn, H.S., Rose, W., Juckem, P.F., and Reneau, P.C., 2012, Water quality, hydrology, and simulated response to changes in phosphorus loading of Mercer Lake, Iron County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of wastewater discharges: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5134, viii, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125134.","productDescription":"viii, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5134.png"},{"id":262227,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262228,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5134/pdf/MercerLake_SIR20125134.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"40000","country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Iron","otherGeospatial":"Mercer Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.11666666666666,46.15 ], [ -90.11666666666666,46.25 ], [ -89.96666666666667,46.25 ], [ -89.96666666666667,46.15 ], [ -90.11666666666666,46.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d51d2e4b002b5ec71a842","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garn, Herbert S. hsgarn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garn","given":"Herbert","email":"hsgarn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, William J. wjrose@usgs.gov","contributorId":2182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William J.","email":"wjrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Juckem, Paul F. 0000-0002-3613-1761 pfjuckem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3613-1761","contributorId":1905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juckem","given":"Paul","email":"pfjuckem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reneau, Paul C. 0000-0002-1335-7573 pcreneau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1335-7573","contributorId":4385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reneau","given":"Paul","email":"pcreneau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70118530,"text":"70118530 - 2012 - Fault geometry and cumulative offsets in the central Coast Ranges, California: Evidence for northward increasing slip along the San Gregorio-San Simeon-Hosgri fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T09:39:35","indexId":"70118530","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-02T09:38:16","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2626,"text":"Lithosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault geometry and cumulative offsets in the central Coast Ranges, California: Evidence for northward increasing slip along the San Gregorio-San Simeon-Hosgri fault","docAbstract":"Estimates of the dip, depth extent, and amount of cumulative displacement along the major faults in the central California Coast Ranges are controversial. We use detailed aeromagnetic data to estimate these parameters for the San Gregorio–San Simeon–Hosgri and other faults. The recently acquired aeromagnetic data provide an areally consistent data set that crosses the onshore-offshore transition without disruption, which is particularly important for the mostly offshore San Gregorio–San Simeon–Hosgri fault. Our modeling, constrained by exposed geology and in some cases, drill-hole and seismic-reflection data, indicates that the San Gregorio–San Simeon–Hosgri and Reliz-Rinconada faults dip steeply throughout the seismogenic crust. Deviations from steep dips may result from local fault interactions, transfer of slip between faults, or overprinting by transpression since the late Miocene. Given that such faults are consistent with predominantly strike-slip displacement, we correlate geophysical anomalies offset by these faults to estimate cumulative displacements. We find a northward increase in right-lateral displacement along the San Gregorio–San Simeon–Hosgri fault that is mimicked by Quaternary slip rates. Although overall slip rates have decreased over the lifetime of the fault, the pattern of slip has not changed. Northward increase in right-lateral displacement is balanced in part by slip added by faults, such as the Reliz-Rinconada, Oceanic–West Huasna, and (speculatively) Santa Ynez River faults to the east.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lithosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/L233.1","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Jachens, R., Graymer, R., Colgan, J., Wentworth, C., and Stanley, R., 2012, Fault geometry and cumulative offsets in the central Coast Ranges, California: Evidence for northward increasing slip along the San Gregorio-San Simeon-Hosgri fault: Lithosphere, v. 5, no. 1, p. 29-48, https://doi.org/10.1130/L233.1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/l233.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291248,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/L233.1"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f47fe4b0bc0bec0a0ff9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graymer, R. W.","contributorId":21174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colgan, J.P.","contributorId":71678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wentworth, C. M. 0000-0003-2569-569X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":106466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stanley, R. G. 0000-0001-6192-8783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":77123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040156,"text":"fs20123113 - 2012 - Understanding beach health throughout the Great Lakes -- continuing research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-03T17:16:16","indexId":"fs20123113","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3113","title":"Understanding beach health throughout the Great Lakes -- continuing research","docAbstract":"The overall mission of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Beach Health Initiative is to provide science-based information and methods that will allow beach managers to more accurately make beach closure and advisory decisions, understand the sources and physical processes affecting beach contaminants, and understand how science-based information can be used to mitigate and restore beaches and protect the public. \nThe USGS, in collaboration with many Federal, State, and local agencies and universities, has conducted research on beach-health issues in the Great Lakes Region for more than a decade. The work consists of four science elements that align with the initiative's mission: real-time assessments of water quality; coastal processes; pathogens and source tracking; and data analysis, interpretation, and communication. The ongoing or completed research for each of these elements is described in this fact sheet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123113","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2012, Understanding beach health throughout the Great Lakes -- continuing research: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3113, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123113.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3113.jpg"},{"id":262200,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3113/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262201,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3113/pdf/fs2012-3113.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin;New York;Michigan;Ohio;Indiana","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506c020ae4b05073318eeadf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040155,"text":"sir20125151 - 2012 - Spatial and temporal trends in runoff at long-term streamgages within and near the Chesapeake Bay Watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-06T23:08:07.748441","indexId":"sir20125151","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5151","title":"Spatial and temporal trends in runoff at long-term streamgages within and near the Chesapeake Bay Watershed","docAbstract":"Long-term streamflow data within the Chesapeake Bay watershed and surrounding area were analyzed in an attempt to identify trends in streamflow. Data from 30 streamgages near and within the Chesapeake Bay watershed were selected from 1930 through 2010 for analysis. Streamflow data were converted to runoff and trend slopes in percent change per decade were calculated. Trend slopes for three runoff statistics (the 7-day minimum, the mean, and the 1-day maximum) were analyzed annually and seasonally. The slopes also were analyzed both spatially and temporally. The spatial results indicated that trend slopes in the northern half of the watershed were generally greater than those in the southern half. The temporal analysis was done by splitting the 80-year flow record into two subsets; records for 28 streamgages were analyzed for 1930 through 1969 and records for 30 streamgages were analyzed for 1970 through 2010. The mean of the data for all sites for each year were plotted so that the following datasets were analyzed: the 7-day minimum runoff for the north, the 7-day minimum runoff for the south, the mean runoff for the north, the mean runoff for the south, the 1-day maximum runoff for the north, and the 1-day maximum runoff for the south. Results indicated that the period 1930 through 1969 was statistically different from the period 1970 through 2010. For the 7-day minimum runoff and the mean runoff, the latter period had significantly higher streamflow than did the earlier period, although within those two periods no significant linear trends were identified. For the 1-day maximum runoff, no step trend or linear trend could be shown to be statistically significant for the north, although the south showed a mixture of an upward step trend accompanied by linear downtrends within the periods. In no case was a change identified that indicated an increasing rate of change over time, and no general pattern was identified of hydrologic conditions becoming \"more extreme\" over time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125151","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Office of Surface Water Investigations","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., and Hirsch, R.M., 2012, Spatial and temporal trends in runoff at long-term streamgages within and near the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5151, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125151.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","numberOfPages":"66","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science 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,{"id":70040150,"text":"70040150 - 2012 - Sources of fecal indicator bacteria to groundwater, Malibu Lagoon and the near-shore ocean, Malibu, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-02T17:16:14","indexId":"70040150","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":791,"text":"Annals of Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of fecal indicator bacteria to groundwater, Malibu Lagoon and the near-shore ocean, Malibu, California, USA","docAbstract":"Onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) used to treat residential and commercial sewage near Malibu, California have been implicated as a possible source of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) to Malibu Lagoon and the near-shore ocean. For this to occur, treated wastewater must first move through groundwater before discharging to the Lagoon or ocean. In July 2009 and April 2010, &delta;<sup>18</sup>O and &delta;D data showed that some samples from water-table wells contained as much as 70% wastewater; at that time FIB concentrations in those samples were generally less than the detection limit of 1 Most Probable Number (MPN) per 100 milliliters (mL). In contrast, Malibu Lagoon had total coliform, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and enterococci concentrations as high as 650,000, 130,000, and 5,500 MPN per 100 mL, respectively, and as many as 12% of samples from nearby ocean beaches exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency single sample enterococci standard for marine recreational water of 104 MPN per 100 mL. Human-associated <i>Bacteroidales</i>, an indicator of human-fecal contamination, were not detected in water from wells, Malibu Lagoon, or the near-shore ocean. Similarly, microarray (PhyloChip) data show <i>Bacteroidales</i> and <i>Fimicutes</i> Operational Taxanomic Units (OTUs) present in OWTS were largely absent in groundwater; in contrast, 50% of <i>Bacteroidales</i> and <i>Fimicutes</i> OTUs present in the near-shore ocean were also present in gull feces. Terminal-Restriction Length Fragment Polymorphism (T-RFLP) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) data showed that microbial communities in groundwater were different and less abundant than communities in OWTS, Malibu Lagoon, or the near-shore ocean. However, organic compounds indicative of wastewater (such as fecal sterols, bisphenol-A and cosmetics) were present in groundwater having a high percentage of wastewater and were present in groundwater discharging to the ocean. FIB in the near-shore ocean varied with tides, ocean swells, and waves. Movement of water from Malibu Lagoon through the sand berm at the mouth of the Lagoon contributed FIB to the adjacent beach at low tide. Similar increases in FIB concentrations did not occur at beaches adjacent to unsewered residential development, although wastewater indicator compounds and radon-222 (indicative of groundwater discharge) were present. High FIB concentrations at high tide were not related to groundwater discharge, but may be related to FIB associated with debris accumulated along the high-tide line.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Environmental Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Northeastern University","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Swarzenski, P.W., Burton, C., Van De Werfhorst, L., Holden, P.A., and Dubinsky, E.A., 2012, Sources of fecal indicator bacteria to groundwater, Malibu Lagoon and the near-shore ocean, Malibu, California, USA: Annals of Environmental Science, v. 6.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262185,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2047/d20002615","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262186,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://iris.lib.neu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1092&context=aes","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Malibu","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.7,34.0175 ], [ -118.7,34.034166666666664 ], [ -118.6675,34.034166666666664 ], [ -118.6675,34.0175 ], [ -118.7,34.0175 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506c01ebe4b05073318eead3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":41793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van De Werfhorst, Laurie","contributorId":101138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van De Werfhorst","given":"Laurie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holden, Patricia A.","contributorId":56090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holden","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dubinsky, Eric A.","contributorId":60069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubinsky","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040125,"text":"sir20125144 - 2012 - Preliminary assessment of water chemistry related to groundwater flooding in Wawarsing, New York, 2009-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-12T15:38:34","indexId":"sir20125144","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5144","title":"Preliminary assessment of water chemistry related to groundwater flooding in Wawarsing, New York, 2009-11","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality samples collected in an area prone to groundwater flooding in Wawarsing, New York, were analyzed and assessed to better understand the hydrologic system and to aid in the assessment of contributing water sources. Above average rainfall over the past decade, and the presence of a pressurized water tunnel that passes about 700 feet beneath Wawarsing, could both contribute to groundwater flooding. Water samples were collected from surface-water bodies, springs, and wells and analyzed for major and trace inorganic constituents, dissolved gases, age tracers, and stable isotopes. Distinct differences in chemistry exist between tunnel water and groundwater in unconsolidated deposits and in bedrock, and among groundwater samples collected from some bedrock wells during high head pressure and low head pressure of the Rondout-West Branch Tunnel. Samples from bedrock wells generally had relatively higher concentrations of sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and lower concentrations of calcium (Ca) and bicarbonate (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), as compared to unconsolidated wells. Differences in stable-isotope ratios among oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 (&delta;<sup>18</sup>O), hydrogen-2 to hydrogen-1 (&delta;<sup>2</sup>H), sulfur-34 to sulfur-32(&delta;<sup>34</sup>S) of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, Sr-87 to Sr-86 (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr), and C-13 to C-12 (&delta;<sup>13</sup>C) of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) indicate a potential for distinguishing water in the Delaware-West Branch Tunnel from native groundwater. For example, <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios were more depleted in groundwater samples from most bedrock wells, as compared to samples from surface-water sources, springs, and wells screened in unconsolidated deposits in the study area. Age-tracer data provided useful information on pathways of the groundwater-flow system, but were limited by inherent problems with dissolved gases in bedrock wells. The sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>) and (or) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) apparent recharge years of most water samples from wells screened in unconsolidated deposits and springs ranged from 2003 to 2010 (current) and indicate short flow paths from the point of groundwater recharge. All but three of the samples from bedrock wells had interference problems with dissolved gases, mainly caused by excess air from degassing of hydrogen sulfide and methane. The SF<sub>6</sub> and (or) CFC apparent recharge years of samples from three of the bedrock wells ranged from the 1940s to the early 2000s; the sample with the early 2000s recharge year was from a flowing artesian well that was chemically similar to water samples collected at the influent to the tunnel at Rondout Reservoir and the most hydraulically responsive to water tunnel pressure compared to other bedrock wells. Data described in this report can be used, together with hydrogeologic data, to improve the understanding of source waters and groundwater-flow patterns and pathways, and to help assess the mixing of different source waters in water samples. Differences in stable isotope ratios, major and trace constituent concentrations, saturation indexes, tritium concentrations, and apparent groundwater ages will be used to estimate the proportion of water that originates from Rondout-West Branch Tunnel leakage.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Brown, C., Eckhardt, D.A., Stumm, F., and Chu, A., 2012, Preliminary assessment of water chemistry related to groundwater flooding in Wawarsing, New York, 2009-11: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5144, x, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125144.","productDescription":"x, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5144.gif"},{"id":262195,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5144/pdf/sir2012-5144.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262194,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5144/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Wawarsing","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.25,41 ], [ -76.25,42 ], [ -73,42 ], [ -73,41 ], [ -76.25,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506c01e1e4b05073318eead0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Craig J.","contributorId":104450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Craig J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eckhardt, David A. daeckhar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckhardt","given":"David","email":"daeckhar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stumm, Frederick 0000-0002-5388-8811 fstumm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-8811","contributorId":1077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumm","given":"Frederick","email":"fstumm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chu, Anthony 0000-0001-8623-2862 achu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8623-2862","contributorId":2517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"Anthony","email":"achu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048660,"text":"70048660 - 2012 - Modelling ecological flow regime: an example from the Tennessee and Cumberland River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-11T15:02:31","indexId":"70048660","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T14:56:33","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling ecological flow regime: an example from the Tennessee and Cumberland River basins","docAbstract":"Predictive equations were developed for 19 ecologically relevant streamflow characteristics within five major groups of flow variables (magnitude, ratio, frequency, variability, and date) for use in the Tennessee and Cumberland River basins using stepbackward regression. Basin characteristics explain 50% or more of the variation for 12 of the 19 equations. Independent variables identified through stepbackward regression were statistically significant in 78 of 304 cases (α > 0.0001) and represent four major groups: climate, physical landscape features, regional indicators, and land use. Of these groups, the regional and climate variables were the most influential for determining hydrologic response. Daily temperature range, geologic factor, and rock depth were major factors explaining the variability in 17, 15, and 13 equations, respectively. The equations and independent datasets were used to explore the broad relation between basin properties and streamflow and the implication of streamflow to the study of ecological flow requirements. Key results include a high degree of hydrologic variability among least disturbed Blue Ridge streams, similar hydrologic behaviour for watersheds with widely varying degrees of forest cover, and distinct hydrologic profiles for streams in different geographic regions. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecohydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.246","usgsCitation":"Knight, R., Gain, W.S., and Wolfe, W., 2012, Modelling ecological flow regime: an example from the Tennessee and Cumberland River basins: Ecohydrology, v. 5, no. 5, p. 613-627, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.246.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"627","ipdsId":"IP-023745","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282283,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282282,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.246"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Georgia;Kentucky;Mississippi;North Carolina;Tennessee;Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Tennessee And Cumberland River Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.31,34.44 ], [ -90.31,37.06 ], [ -80.86,37.06 ], [ -80.86,34.44 ], [ -90.31,34.44 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd67f3e4b0b29085101b79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, Rodney R. rrknight@usgs.gov","contributorId":2272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Rodney R.","email":"rrknight@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gain, W. Scott wsgain@usgs.gov","contributorId":346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gain","given":"W.","email":"wsgain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":485321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, William J. wjwolfe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"William J.","email":"wjwolfe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70102821,"text":"70102821 - 2012 - Seeing the light: the effects of particles, dissolved materials, and temperature on in situ measurements of DOM fluorescence in rivers and streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-13T16:05:15","indexId":"70102821","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T13:38:14","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2622,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seeing the light: the effects of particles, dissolved materials, and temperature on in situ measurements of DOM fluorescence in rivers and streams","docAbstract":"Field-deployable sensors designed to continuously measure the fluorescence of colored dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in situ are of growing interest. However, the ability to make FDOM measurements that are comparable across sites and over time requires a clear understanding of how instrument characteristics and environmental conditions affect the measurements. In particular, the effects of water temperature and light attenuation by both colored dissolved material and suspended particles may be significant in settings such as rivers and streams. Using natural standard reference materials, we characterized the performance of four commercially-available FDOM sensors under controlled laboratory conditions over ranges of temperature, dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations, and turbidity that spanned typical environmental ranges. We also examined field data from several major rivers to assess how often attenuation artifacts or temperature effects might be important. We found that raw (uncorrected) FDOM values were strongly affected by the light attenuation that results from dissolved substances and suspended particles as well as by water temperature. Observed effects of light attenuation and temperature agreed well with theory. Our results show that correction of measured FDOM values to account for these effects is necessary and feasible over much of the range of temperature, DOM concentration, and turbidity commonly encountered in surface waters. In most cases, collecting high-quality FDOM measurements that are comparable through time and between sites will require concurrent measurements of temperature and turbidity, and periodic discrete sample collection for laboratory measurement of DOM.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lom.2012.10.767","usgsCitation":"Downing, B.D., Pellerin, B., Bergamaschi, B., Saraceno, J., and Kraus, T., 2012, Seeing the light: the effects of particles, dissolved materials, and temperature on in situ measurements of DOM fluorescence in rivers and streams: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, v. 10, p. 767-775, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.767.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"767","endPage":"775","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-032741","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.767","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286536,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286535,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.767"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535a326ee4b0d08644962750","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A.","contributorId":58385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":73241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saraceno, John Franco 0000-0003-0064-1820","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-1820","contributorId":71686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saraceno","given":"John Franco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraus, Tamara E.C. 0000-0002-5187-8644","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":92410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Tamara E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70074266,"text":"70074266 - 2012 - Direct geoelectrical evidence of mass transfer at the laboratory scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-29T11:19:14","indexId":"70074266","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct geoelectrical evidence of mass transfer at the laboratory scale","docAbstract":"Previous field-scale experimental data and numerical modeling suggest that the dual-domain mass transfer (DDMT) of electrolytic tracers has an observable geoelectrical signature. Here we present controlled laboratory experiments confirming the electrical signature of DDMT and demonstrate the use of time-lapse electrical measurements in conjunction with concentration measurements to estimate the parameters controlling DDMT, i.e., the mobile and immobile porosity and rate at which solute exchanges between mobile and immobile domains. We conducted column tracer tests on unconsolidated quartz sand and a material with a high secondary porosity: the zeolite clinoptilolite. During NaCl tracer tests we collected nearly colocated bulk direct-current electrical conductivity (σ<sub>b</sub>) and fluid conductivity (σ<sub>f</sub>) measurements. Our results for the zeolite show (1) extensive tailing and (2) a hysteretic relation between σ<sub>f</sub> and σ<sub>b</sub>, thus providing evidence of mass transfer not observed within the quartz sand. To identify best-fit parameters and evaluate parameter sensitivity, we performed over 2700 simulations of σ<sub>f</sub>, varying the immobile and mobile domain and mass transfer rate. We emphasized the fit to late-time tailing by minimizing the Box-Cox power transformed root-mean square error between the observed and simulated σ<sub>f</sub>. Low-field proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements provide an independent quantification of the volumes of the mobile and immobile domains. The best-fit parameters based on σ<sub>f</sub> match the NMR measurements of the immobile and mobile domain porosities and provide the first direct electrical evidence for DDMT. Our results underscore the potential of using electrical measurements for DDMT parameter inference.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2012WR012431","usgsCitation":"Swanson, R.D., Singha, K., Day-Lewis, F.D., Binley, A., Keating, K., and Haggerty, R., 2012, Direct geoelectrical evidence of mass transfer at the laboratory scale: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. 10, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR012431.","productDescription":"10 p.","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-041013","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281607,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012WR012431"}],"volume":"48","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5522e4b0b290850f625d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Ryan D.","contributorId":39284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singha, Kamini","contributorId":76733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Binley, Andrew","contributorId":83022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binley","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keating, Kristina","contributorId":34018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keating","given":"Kristina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haggerty, Roy","contributorId":102631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggerty","given":"Roy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040325,"text":"pp1650F - 2012 - Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America&mdash;<i>Modern data for climatic estimation from vegetation inventories</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T14:10:11.854947","indexId":"pp1650F","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T08:42:33","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1650","chapter":"F","title":"Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America&mdash;<i>Modern data for climatic estimation from vegetation inventories</i>","docAbstract":"Vegetation inventories (plant taxa present in a vegetation assemblage at a given site) can be used to estimate climatic parameters based on the identification of the range of a given parameter where all taxa in an assemblage overlap (\"Mutual Climatic Range\"). For the reconstruction of past climates from fossil or subfossil plant assemblages, we assembled the data necessary for such analyses for 530 woody plant taxa and eight climatic parameters in North America. Here we present examples of how these data can be used to obtain paleoclimatic estimates from botanical data in a straightforward, simple, and robust fashion. We also include matrices of climate parameter versus occurrence or nonoccurrence of the individual taxa. These relations are depicted graphically as histograms of the population distributions of the occurrences of a given taxon plotted against a given climatic parameter. This provides a new method for quantification of paleoclimatic parameters from fossil plant assemblages.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1650F","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.S., Anderson, K.H., Pelltier, R.T., Strickland, L.E., Shafer, S., and Bartlein, P.J., 2012, Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America&mdash;<i>Modern data for climatic estimation from vegetation inventories</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1650, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1650F.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262579,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1650-f/Introduction.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262578,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1650-f/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262588,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1650_F.gif"},{"id":419974,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FPD80E","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"A gridded database of the modern distributions of climate, woody plant taxa, and ecoregions for the continental United States and Canada"}],"country":"Canada;United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0000,21.9000 ], [ 173.0000,80.3000 ], [ -51.5000,80.3000 ], [ -51.5000,21.9000 ], [ 173.0000,21.9000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d85b65e4b0064e695a1419","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Robert S. 0000-0001-9287-2954 rthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-2954","contributorId":891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Robert","email":"rthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Katherine H. 0000-0003-2677-6109","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-6109","contributorId":52556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pelltier, Richard T. 0000-0001-8322-7961 rtpelltier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8322-7961","contributorId":4683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pelltier","given":"Richard","email":"rtpelltier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strickland, Laura E. 0000-0002-1958-7273 lstrickland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1958-7273","contributorId":4682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickland","given":"Laura","email":"lstrickland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shafer, Sarah L.","contributorId":32623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"Sarah L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bartlein, Patrick J.","contributorId":106879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartlein","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70043949,"text":"70043949 - 2012 - Genetic differences between hatchery and wild steelhead for survival, growth, dispersal, and male maturation in a natural stream (Study site: Twenty-Mile Creek; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery and Selway River wild; Year classes: 1994 and 1995)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T15:19:29.551622","indexId":"70043949","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T03:45:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"chapter":"3","title":"Genetic differences between hatchery and wild steelhead for survival, growth, dispersal, and male maturation in a natural stream (Study site: Twenty-Mile Creek; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery and Selway River wild; Year classes: 1994 and 1995)","docAbstract":"<p>This study was initiated in the early 1990s to provide managers with data comparing genetic fitness for natural rearing, as measured by survival of juveniles in freshwater, between steelhead <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> from Dworshak National Fish Hatchery and wild steelhead from the Clearwater River, Idaho. We artificially spawned hatchery steelhead and wild steelhead from the Selway River, a Clearwater River tributary, released the resulting genetically marked (at the PEPA allozyme locus) progeny (HxH, HxW from hatchery females and wild males, and WxW) as unfed fry in a second order tributary of the South Fork Clearwater River, and monitored fish residing in the stream or emigrating from it for five years. Barrier falls prevented access to the stream by naturally produced steelhead. Over 90% of the emigrants were one or two years of age and too small to be smolts (mean fork length at age-2 = 103 mm). Per fry released, the HxH cross produced 0.64-0.83 times as many emigrants as the WxW cross (P&lt;0.05). The HxH cross produced 0.63 times as many age-4 residuals as the WxW cross for one year-class (P=0.051) and 0.68 times as many for the other (ns). Survival from age-1 to age-4 was lower for HxH than for WxW residuals of one year-class (P&lt;0.05) and survival from age-2 to age-4 may have been lower for HxH than for WxW residuals of the other (P=0.062). Collectively, these results indicate lower survival for HxH than for WxW fish. Size was often greater for HxH than for WxW fish indicating faster growth for the former, and condition factor was also usually greater for HxH than for WxW fish. Dispersal of fry from release sites and emigration of one- and two-year olds from the study stream were greater for WxW than for HxH fish, and apparently neither was from competitive displacement of small by larger fish. Incidence of flowing milt was higher for HxH than for WxW fish at age-2. Peak incidence of flowing milt for older residuals was similar among crosses (about 50%), but the peak occurred at greater size and age for WxW than for HxH residuals. HxW fish were intermediate between HxH and WxW fish, not similar to HxH fish, in survival, growth, condition, dispersal, and maturation, so differences among crosses likely resulted from additive genetic differences between the hatchery and wild populations rather than from maternal differences between hatchery and wild females. During our study, local managers decided against supplementing most wild steelhead populations in the Clearwater basin. Our study indicates that supplementing with Dworshak Hatchery fish is likely to reduce the fitness of wild populations through interbreeding and therefore supports that decision.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Rubin, S.P., Reisenbichler, R.R., Hensleigh, J.E., Wetzel, L.A., Baker, B.M., Leonetti, F., Stenberg, K.D., and Slatton, S.L., 2012, Genetic differences between hatchery and wild steelhead for survival, growth, dispersal, and male maturation in a natural stream (Study site: Twenty-Mile Creek; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery and Selway River wild; Year classes: 1994 and 1995), 49 p.","productDescription":"49 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"173","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1991-06-01","ipdsId":"IP-029916","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320941,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385253,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cbfish.org/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Twenty-Mile Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.2408447265625,\n              44.98811302615805\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.2408447265625,\n              46.50973514453879\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.2740478515625,\n              46.50973514453879\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.2740478515625,\n              44.98811302615805\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.2408447265625,\n              44.98811302615805\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5729cbb3e4b0b13d3919a34e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628672,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628673,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628674,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Michael C. 0000-0002-9060-0565 mhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0565","contributorId":3017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","email":"mhayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628675,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hensleigh, Jay E.","contributorId":118799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensleigh","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baker, Bruce M. bakerb@usgs.gov","contributorId":116696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Bruce","email":"bakerb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leonetti, Frank Frank","contributorId":119970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonetti","given":"Frank","suffix":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stenberg, Karl D. 0000-0001-9802-2707 kstenberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9802-2707","contributorId":3747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenberg","given":"Karl","email":"kstenberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Slatton, Stacey L.","contributorId":169151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slatton","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70039757,"text":"70039757 - 2012 - Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T14:38:39","indexId":"70039757","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2841,"text":"Nature Climate Change","onlineIssn":"1758-6798","printIssn":"1758-678X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality","docAbstract":"<p>s the climate changes, drought may reduce tree productivity and survival across many forest ecosystems; however, the relative influence of specific climate parameters on forest decline is poorly understood. We derive a forest drought-stress index (FDSI) for the southwestern United States using a comprehensive tree-ring data set representing AD 1000-2007. The FDSI is approximately equally influenced by the warm-season vapour-pressure deficit (largely controlled by temperature) and cold-season precipitation, together explaining 82% of the FDSI variability. Correspondence between the FDSI and measures of forest productivity, mortality, bark-beetle outbreak and wildfire validate the FDSI as a holistic forest-vigour indicator. If the vapour-pressure deficit continues increasing as projected by climate models, the mean forest drought-stress by the 2050s will exceed that of the most severe droughts in the past 1,000 years. Collectively, the results foreshadow twenty-first-century changes in forest structures and compositions, with transition of forests in the southwestern United States, and perhaps water-limited forests globally, towards distributions unfamiliar to modern civilization.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/nclimate1693","usgsCitation":"Williams, A.P., Allen, C.D., Macalady, A.K., Griffin, D., Woodhouse, C.A., Meko, D.M., Swetnam, T.W., Rauscher, S.A., Seager, R., Grissino-Mayer, H.D., Dean, J.S., Cook, E.R., Gangodagamage, C., Cai, M., and McDowell, N., 2012, Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality: Nature Climate Change, v. 3, p. 292-297, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1693.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"292","endPage":"297","ipdsId":"IP-040354","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-b9ec-8z87","text":"External Repository"},{"id":268101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512b44c5e4b0523e997a81e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, A. Park","contributorId":200207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Park","affiliations":[{"id":27369,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macalady, Alison K.","contributorId":69855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macalady","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffin, Daniel","contributorId":69026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woodhouse, Connie A.","contributorId":187601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":32413,"text":"University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85721","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meko, David M.","contributorId":145887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meko","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Swetnam, Thomas W.","contributorId":191872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swetnam","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rauscher, Sara A.","contributorId":47653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rauscher","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Seager, Richard","contributorId":102758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seager","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Grissino-Mayer, Henri D.","contributorId":88624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grissino-Mayer","given":"Henri","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dean, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":39258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cook, Edward R.","contributorId":37611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Gangodagamage, Chandana","contributorId":60922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gangodagamage","given":"Chandana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Cai, Michael","contributorId":52848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cai","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"McDowell, Nathan G.","contributorId":9176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDowell","given":"Nathan G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70155227,"text":"70155227 - 2012 - Determining the source and genetic fingerprint of natural gases using noble gas geochemistry: a northern Appalachian Basin case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-05T11:20:15","indexId":"70155227","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining the source and genetic fingerprint of natural gases using noble gas geochemistry: a northern Appalachian Basin case study","docAbstract":"<p><span>Silurian and Devonian natural gas reservoirs present within New York state represent an example of unconventional gas accumulations within the northern Appalachian Basin. These unconventional energy resources, previously thought to be noneconomically viable, have come into play following advances in drilling (i.e., horizontal drilling) and extraction (i.e., hydraulic fracturing) capabilities. Therefore, efforts to understand these and other domestic and global natural gas reserves have recently increased. The suspicion of fugitive mass migration issues within current Appalachian production fields has catalyzed the need to develop a greater understanding of the genetic grouping (source) and migrational history of natural gases in this area. We introduce new noble gas data in the context of published hydrocarbon carbon (C</span><span>1</span><span>,C</span><span>2+</span><span>) (</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA1.JPG\" alt=\"delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C) data to explore the genesis of thermogenic gases in the Appalachian Basin. This study includes natural gases from two distinct genetic groups: group 1, Upper Devonian (Marcellus shale and Canadaway Group) gases generated in situ, characterized by early mature (</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA2.JPG\" alt=\"Delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C[</span><span>C1&nbsp;<img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/MINUS.JPG\" alt=\"minus\" />&nbsp;C2</span><span>][</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA1.JPG\" alt=\"delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C</span><span>1</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/MINUS.JPG\" alt=\"minus\" /><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA1.JPG\" alt=\"delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C</span><span>2</span><span>]:&nbsp;</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/LT.JPG\" alt=\"lt\" /><span>&ndash;9</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/PERMIL.JPG\" alt=\"permil\" /><span>), isotopically light methane, with low (</span><span>4</span><span>He) (average, 1&nbsp;</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/TIMES.JPG\" alt=\"times\" /><span>&nbsp;10</span><span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/MINUS.JPG\" alt=\"minus\" />3</span><span>&nbsp;cc/cc) elevated&nbsp;</span><span>4</span><span>He/</span><span>40</span><span>Ar</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><span>21</span><span>Ne</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>/</span><span>40</span><span>Ar</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>&nbsp;(where the asterisk denotes excess radiogenic or nucleogenic production beyond the atmospheric ratio), and a variable, atmospherically (air-saturated&ndash;water) derived noble gas component; and group 2, a migratory natural gas that emanated from Lower Ordovician source rocks (i.e., most likely, Middle Ordovician Trenton or Black River group) that is currently hosted primarily in Lower Silurian sands (i.e., Medina or Clinton group) characterized by isotopically heavy, mature methane (</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA2.JPG\" alt=\"Delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C</span><span>[C1 &ndash; C2]</span><span>&nbsp;[</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA1.JPG\" alt=\"delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C</span><span>1</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/MINUS.JPG\" alt=\"minus\" /><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA1.JPG\" alt=\"delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C</span><span>2</span><span>]:&nbsp;</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/GT.JPG\" alt=\"gt\" /><span>3</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/PERMIL.JPG\" alt=\"permil\" /><span>), with high (</span><span>4</span><span>He) (average, 1.85&nbsp;</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/TIMES.JPG\" alt=\"times\" /><span>&nbsp;10</span><span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/MINUS.JPG\" alt=\"minus\" />3</span><span>&nbsp;cc/cc)&nbsp;</span><span>4</span><span>He/</span><span>40</span><span>Ar</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><span>21</span><span>Ne</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>/</span><span>40</span><span>Ar</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>&nbsp;near crustal production levels and elevated crustal noble gas content (enriched&nbsp;</span><span>4</span><span>He,</span><span>21</span><span>Ne</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>,&nbsp;</span><span>40</span><span>Ar</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>). Because the release of each crustal noble gas (i.e., He, Ne, Ar) from mineral grains in the shale matrix is regulated by temperature, natural gases obtain and retain a record of the thermal conditions of the source rock. Therefore, noble gases constitute a valuable technique for distinguishing the genetic source and post-genetic processes of natural gases.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/03161211093","usgsCitation":"Hunt, A.G., Darrah, T.H., and Poreda, R.J., 2012, Determining the source and genetic fingerprint of natural gases using noble gas geochemistry: a northern Appalachian Basin case study: AAPG Bulletin, v. 96, no. 10, p. 1785-1811, https://doi.org/10.1306/03161211093.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1785","endPage":"1811","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035235","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306427,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New  York","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.771728515625,\n              41.9921602333763\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.771728515625,\n              44.645208223744035\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.640869140625,\n              44.645208223744035\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.640869140625,\n              41.9921602333763\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.771728515625,\n              41.9921602333763\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c333abe4b033ef52106a87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darrah, Thomas H.","contributorId":145769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Darrah","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Poreda, Robert J.","contributorId":37797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poreda","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70156717,"text":"70156717 - 2012 - Design and implementation of a structural health monitoring and alerting system for hospital buildings in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T14:10:12.140253","indexId":"70156717","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Design and implementation of a structural health monitoring and alerting system for hospital buildings in the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper describes the current progress in the development of a structural health monitoring and alerting system to meet the needs of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs to monitor hospital buildings instrumented in high and very high seismic hazard regions in the U.S. The system, using the measured vibration data, is primarily designed for post-earthquake condition assessment of the buildings. It has two essential components &ndash; sensing and analysis. The sensing component includes all necessary firmware and sensors to measure the response of the building; while the analysis component consists of several data processing modules integrated into an open source software package which compresses a large amount of measured data into useful information to assess the building&rsquo;s condition before and after an event. The information can be used for a rapid building safety assessment, and to support decisions for necessary repairs, replacements, and other maintenance and rehabilitation measures.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Portugal, 2012","conferenceTitle":"15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"September 24-28, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Lisbon, Portugal","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Earthquake Engineering","usgsCitation":"Ulusoy, H.S., Kalkan, E., Fletcher, J.P., Friberg, P.A., Leith, W.K., and Banga, K., 2012, Design and implementation of a structural health monitoring and alerting system for hospital buildings in the United States, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Portugal, 2012, Lisbon, Portugal, September 24-28, 2012, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037848","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307587,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307586,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.iaee.or.jp/publications.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dee32fe4b0518e354e0805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ulusoy, Hasan S. hulusoy@usgs.gov","contributorId":5360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulusoy","given":"Hasan","email":"hulusoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":570231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kalkan, Erol 0000-0002-9138-9407 ekalkan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":1218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"Erol","email":"ekalkan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, Jon Peter B. 0000-0001-8885-6177 jfletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-6177","contributorId":1216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"jfletcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friberg, Paul A. 0000-0002-6914-3849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6914-3849","contributorId":147087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friberg","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leith, W. K.","contributorId":147088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leith","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Banga, Krishna","contributorId":33152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banga","given":"Krishna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70173582,"text":"70173582 - 2012 - Semi-discrete biomass dynamic modeling: an improved approach for assessing fish stock responses to pulsed harvest events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T16:00:13","indexId":"70173582","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Semi-discrete biomass dynamic modeling: an improved approach for assessing fish stock responses to pulsed harvest events","docAbstract":"<p><span>Continuous harvest over an annual period is a common assumption of continuous biomass dynamics models (CBDMs); however, fish are frequently harvested in a discrete manner. We developed semidiscrete biomass dynamics models (SDBDMs) that allow discrete harvest events and evaluated differences between CBDMs and SDBDMs using an equilibrium yield analysis with varying levels of fishing mortality&nbsp;(</span><i>F</i><span>). Equilibrium fishery yields for CBDMs and SDBDMS were similar at low fishing mortalities and diverged as&nbsp;</span><i>F</i><span>&nbsp;approached and exceeded maximum sustained yield (</span><i>F</i><sub>MSY</sub><span>). Discrete harvest resulted in lower equilibrium yields at high levels of&nbsp;</span><i>F</i><span>relative to continuous harvest. The effect of applying harvest continuously when it was in fact discrete was evaluated by fitting CBDMs and SDBDMs to time series data generated from a hypothetical fish stock undergoing discrete harvest and evaluating parameter estimates bias. Violating the assumption of continuous harvest resulted in biased parameter estimates for CBDM while SDBDM parameter estimates were unbiased. Biased parameter estimates resulted in biased biological reference points derived from CBDMs. Semidiscrete BDMs outperformed continuous BDMs and should be used when harvest is discrete, when the time and magnitude of harvest are known, and when&nbsp;</span><i>F</i><span>&nbsp;is greater than&nbsp;</span><i>F</i><sub>MSY</sub><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f2012-084","usgsCitation":"Pierce, C., Colvin, M., and Stewart, T.W., 2012, Semi-discrete biomass dynamic modeling: an improved approach for assessing fish stock responses to pulsed harvest events: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 69, no. 10, p. 1710-1721, https://doi.org/10.1139/f2012-084.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1710","endPage":"1721","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033008","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1060&context=nrem_pubs","text":"External Repository"},{"id":323438,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9336e4b04f417c27517e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Clay 0000-0001-5088-5431 cpierce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5431","contributorId":150492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Clay","email":"cpierce@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colvin, Michael E. 0000-0002-6581-4764","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6581-4764","contributorId":171431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colvin","given":"Michael E.","affiliations":[{"id":26913,"text":"Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Stewart, Timothy W.","contributorId":171433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":26913,"text":"Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70040093,"text":"sir20125202 - 2012 - Estimation of evaporation from open water - A review of selected studies, summary of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers data collection and methods, and evaluation of two methods for estimation of evaporation from five reservoirs in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T08:24:42","indexId":"sir20125202","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5202","title":"Estimation of evaporation from open water - A review of selected studies, summary of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers data collection and methods, and evaluation of two methods for estimation of evaporation from five reservoirs in Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Organizations responsible for the management of water resources, such as the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), are tasked with estimation of evaporation for water-budgeting and planning purposes. The USACE has historically used Class A pan evaporation data (pan data) to estimate evaporation from reservoirs but many USACE Districts have been experimenting with other techniques for an alternative to collecting pan data. The energy-budget method generally is considered the preferred method for accurate estimation of open-water evaporation from lakes and reservoirs. Complex equations to estimate evaporation, such as the Penman, DeBruin-Keijman, and Priestley-Taylor, perform well when compared with energy-budget method estimates when all of the important energy terms are included in the equations and ideal data are collected. However, sometimes nonideal data are collected and energy terms, such as the change in the amount of stored energy and advected energy, are not included in the equations. When this is done, the corresponding errors in evaporation estimates are not quantifiable. Much simpler methods, such as the Hamon method and a method developed by the U.S. Weather Bureau (USWB) (renamed the National Weather Service in 1970), have been shown to provide reasonable estimates of evaporation when compared to energy-budget method estimates. Data requirements for the Hamon and USWB methods are minimal and sometimes perform well with remotely collected data. The Hamon method requires average daily air temperature, and the USWB method requires daily averages of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation. Estimates of annual lake evaporation from pan data are frequently within 20 percent of energy-budget method estimates. Results of evaporation estimates from the Hamon method and the USWB method were compared against historical pan data at five selected reservoirs in Texas (Benbrook Lake, Canyon Lake, Granger Lake, Hords Creek Lake, and Sam Rayburn Lake) to evaluate their performance and to develop coefficients to minimize bias for the purpose of estimating reservoir evaporation with accuracies similar to estimates of evaporation obtained from pan data. The modified Hamon method estimates of reservoir evaporation were similar to estimates of reservoir evaporation from pan data for daily, monthly, and annual time periods. The modified Hamon method estimates of annual reservoir evaporation were always within 20 percent of annual reservoir evaporation from pan data. Unmodified and modified USWB method estimates of annual reservoir evaporation were within 20 percent of annual reservoir evaporation from pan data for about 91 percent of the years compared. Average daily differences between modified USWB method estimates and estimates from pan data as a percentage of the average amount of daily evaporation from pan data were within 20 percent for 98 percent of the months. Without any modification to the USWB method, average daily differences as a percentage of the average amount of daily evaporation from pan data were within 20 percent for 73 percent of the months. Use of the unmodified USWB method is appealing because it means estimates of average daily reservoir evaporation can be made from air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation data collected from remote weather stations without the need to develop site-specific coefficients from historical pan data. Site-specific coefficients would need to be developed for the modified version of the Hamon method.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125202","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District","usgsCitation":"Harwell, G.R., 2012, Estimation of evaporation from open water - A review of selected studies, summary of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers data collection and methods, and evaluation of two methods for estimation of evaporation from five reservoirs in Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5202, vii, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125202.","productDescription":"vii, 96 p.","numberOfPages":"107","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5202.gif"},{"id":262140,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5202/pdf/sir2012-5202.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262139,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5202/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin, Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston, San Angelo, San Antonio, Waco","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.83333333333333,29 ], [ -100.83333333333333,34.333333333333336 ], [ -93.33333333333333,34.333333333333336 ], [ -93.33333333333333,29 ], [ -100.83333333333333,29 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50662510e4b053bff18e1bf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harwell, Glenn R. gharwell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwell","given":"Glenn","email":"gharwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040079,"text":"70040079 - 2012 - Electrical anisotropy of gas hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-03T17:16:15","indexId":"70040079","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrical anisotropy of gas hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"We present new results and interpretations of the electricalanisotropy and reservoir architecture in gashydrate-bearingsands using logging data collected during the Gulf of MexicoGasHydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II. We focus specifically on sandreservoirs in Hole Alaminos Canyon 21 A (AC21-A), Hole Green Canyon 955 H (GC955-H) and Hole Walker Ridge 313 H (WR313-H). Using a new logging-while-drilling directional resistivity tool and a one-dimensional inversion developed by Schlumberger, we resolve the resistivity of the current flowing parallel to the bedding, <i>R</i><sub>&#124;</sub> and the resistivity of the current flowing perpendicular to the bedding, <i>R</i><sub><u>&#124;</u></sub>. We find the sandreservoir in Hole AC21-A to be relatively isotropic, with <i>R</i><sub>&#124;</sub> and <i>R</i><sub><u>&#124;</u></sub> values close to 2 &Omega; m. In contrast, the gashydrate-bearingsandreservoirs in Holes GC955-H and WR313-H are highly anisotropic. In these reservoirs, <i>R</i><sub>&#124;</sub> is between 2 and 30 &Omega; m, and <i>R</i><sub><u>&#124;</u></sub> is generally an order of magnitude higher. Using Schlumberger's WebMI models, we were able to replicate multiple resistivity measurements and determine the formation resistivity the gashydrate-bearingsandreservoir in Hole WR313-H. The results showed that gashydrate saturations within a single reservoir unit are highly variable. For example, the sand units in Hole WR313-H contain thin layers (on the order of 10-100 cm) with varying gashydrate saturations between 15 and 95%. Our combined modeling results clearly indicate that the gashydrate-bearingsandreservoirs in Holes GC955-H and WR313-H are highly anisotropic due to varying saturations of gashydrate forming in thin layers within larger sand units.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.09.003","usgsCitation":"Cook, A.E., Anderson, B.I., Rasmus, J., Sun, K., Li, Q., Collett, T.S., and Goldberg, D.S., 2012, Electrical anisotropy of gas hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 34, no. 1, p. 72-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.09.003.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"84","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474342,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8rf64h0","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262145,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.09.003"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.85,18.166666666666668 ], [ -97.85,30.383333333333333 ], [ -81.03333333333333,30.383333333333333 ], [ -81.03333333333333,18.166666666666668 ], [ -97.85,18.166666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50662510e4b053bff18e1bf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, Anne E.","contributorId":84612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Barbara I.","contributorId":69832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rasmus, John","contributorId":15451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmus","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sun, Keli","contributorId":88993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Keli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Qiming","contributorId":36792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Qiming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goldberg, David S.","contributorId":96133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70040101,"text":"70040101 - 2012 - Clutch and egg allometry of the turtle Mauremys leprosa (Chelonia: Geoemydidae) from a polluted peri-urban river in west-central Morocco","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T12:48:53","indexId":"70040101","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1895,"text":"Herpetological Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clutch and egg allometry of the turtle Mauremys leprosa (Chelonia: Geoemydidae) from a polluted peri-urban river in west-central Morocco","docAbstract":"We examined the relationships of clutch size (CS) and egg size to female body size (straight-line carapace length, CL) in a population of the turtle Mauremys leprosa from a polluted segment of oued (river) Tensift in arid west-central Morocco. Twenty-eight adult females were collected in May&ndash;July, 2009 and all were gravid. Each was weighed, measured, humanely euthanized and then dissected. Oviductal shelled eggs were removed, weighed (egg mass, EM) and measured for length (EL) and width (EW). Clutch mass (CM) was the sum of EM for a clutch. Pelvic aperture width (PAW) was measured at the widest point between the ilia bones through which eggs must pass at oviposition. The smallest gravid female had a CL of 124.0 mm. Mean CS was relatively large (9.7&plusmn;2.0 eggs, range: 3&ndash;13) and may reflect high productivity associated with polluted (eutrophic) waters. Regression analyses were conducted using log-transformed data. CM increased isometrically with maternal body size. CS, EW and EM were all significantly hypoallometric in their relationship with CL. EL did not change significantly with increases in CL. EW increased at a hypoallometric rate with increasing CL but was unconstrained by PAW since the widest egg was smaller than the narrowest PAW measurement when excluding the three smallest females. Smaller females may have EW constrained by PAW. As females increase in size they increase both clutch size and egg width in contradiction to predictions of optimal egg size theory.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"British Herpetological Society","publisherLocation":"Montrose, Angus, U.K.","usgsCitation":"Naimi, M., Znari, M., Lovich, J.E., Feddadi, Y., and Baamrane, M.A., 2012, Clutch and egg allometry of the turtle Mauremys leprosa (Chelonia: Geoemydidae) from a polluted peri-urban river in west-central Morocco: Herpetological Journal, v. 22, no. 1, p. 43-49.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262144,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bhs/thj/2012/00000022/00000001/art00007","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Morocco","otherGeospatial":"Tensift River","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5066250de4b053bff18e1be6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naimi, Mohamed","contributorId":40838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naimi","given":"Mohamed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Znari, Mohammed","contributorId":42472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Znari","given":"Mohammed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feddadi, Youssef","contributorId":51590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feddadi","given":"Youssef","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baamrane, Moulay Abdeljalil Ait","contributorId":103516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baamrane","given":"Moulay","email":"","middleInitial":"Abdeljalil Ait","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70040089,"text":"sir20125163 - 2012 - Description of 2005-10 domestic water use for selected U.S. cities and guidance for estimating domestic water use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-28T17:16:19","indexId":"sir20125163","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5163","title":"Description of 2005-10 domestic water use for selected U.S. cities and guidance for estimating domestic water use","docAbstract":"Domestic water-use and related socioeconomic and climatic data for 2005-10 were used in an analysis of 21 selected U.S. cities to describe recent domestic per capita water use, investigate variables that potentially affect domestic water use, and provide guidance for estimating domestic water use. Domestic water use may be affected by a combination of several factors. Domestic per capita water use for the selected cities ranged from a median annual average of 43 to 177 gallons per capita per day (gpcd). In terms of year-to-year variability in domestic per capita water use for the selected cities, the difference from the median ranged from &plusmn; 7 to &plusmn; 26 percent with an overall median variability of &plusmn; 14 percent. As a percentage of total annual water use, median annual domestic water use for the selected cities ranged from 33 to 71 percent with an overall median of 57 percent. Monthly production and water sales data were used to calculate daily per capita water use rates for the lowest 3 consecutive months (low-3) and the highest 3 consecutive months (high-3) of usage. Median low-3 domestic per capita water use for 16 selected cities ranged from 40 to 100 gpcd. Median high-3 domestic per capita water use for 16 selected cities ranged from 53 to 316 gpcd. In general, the median domestic water use as a percentage of the median total water use for 16 selected cities was similar for the low-3 and high-3 periods. Statistical analyses of combined data for the selected cities indicated that none of the socioeconomic variables, including cost of water, were potentially useful as determinants of domestic water use at the national level. However, specific socioeconomic variables may be useful for the estimation of domestic water use at the State or local level. Different socioeconomic variables may be useful in different States. Statistical analyses indicated that specific climatic variables may be useful for the estimation of domestic water use for some, but not all, of the selected cities. National average public supply per capita water use declined from 185 gpcd in 1990 to 171 gpcd in 2005. National average domestic delivery per capita water use declined from 105 gpcd in 1990 to 99 gpcd in 2005. Average State domestic delivery per capita water use ranged from 51 to 189 gpcd in 2005. The average annual total per capita water use in 19 selected cities that provided data for each year declined from 167 gpcd in 2006 to 145 gpcd in 2010. During this time period, average per capita water use measured during the low-3 period each year declined from 115 to 102 gpcd, and average per capita use measured during the high-3 period declined from 250 to 211 gpcd. Continued collection of data on water deliveries to domestic populations, as well as updated estimates of the population served by these deliveries, is recommended for determination of regional and temporal trends in domestic per capita water use. Declines in various measures of per capita water use have been observed in recent years for several States with municipal water use data-collection programs. Domestic self-supplied water use historically has not been metered. Estimates of self-supplied domestic water use are made using estimates of the population that is not served by public water suppliers and per capita coefficients. For 2005, the average State domestic self-supplied per capita use in the United States ranged from 50 to 206 gpcd. The median domestic self-supplied per capita use was 76 gpcd for States in which standard coefficients were used, and 98 gpcd for States in which coefficients were based on domestic deliveries from public supply. In specific areas with scarce resources or increasing numbers of households with private wells, an assessment of domestic water use may require metering of households or development of more specific per capita coefficients to estimate water demand.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125163","usgsCitation":"Kenny, J., and Juracek, K.E., 2012, Description of 2005-10 domestic water use for selected U.S. cities and guidance for estimating domestic water use: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5163, v, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125163.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262134,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5163/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262135,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5163/sir12_5163.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5163.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Kansas;Mississippi;Montana;Texas;Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,25.833333333333332 ], [ -124.4,49 ], [ -86.81666666666666,49 ], [ -86.81666666666666,25.833333333333332 ], [ -124.4,25.833333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5066250fe4b053bff18e1bec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenny, Joan F.","contributorId":69132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenny","given":"Joan F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040105,"text":"ofr20121213 - 2012 - Toxicity, sublethal effects, and potential modes of action of select fungicides on freshwater fish and invertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T18:34:47.127959","indexId":"ofr20121213","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1213","title":"Toxicity, sublethal effects, and potential modes of action of select fungicides on freshwater fish and invertebrates","docAbstract":"<p><span>Despite decades of agricultural and urban use of fungicides and widespread detection of these pesticides in surface waters, relatively few data are available on the effects of fungicides on fish and invertebrates in the aquatic environment. Nine fungicides are reviewed in this report: azoxystrobin, boscalid, chlorothalonil, fludioxonil, myclobutanil, fenarimol, pyraclostrobin, pyrimethanil, and zoxamide. These fungicides were identified as emerging chemicals of concern because of their high or increasing global use rates, detection frequency in surface waters, or likely persistence in the environment. A review of the literature revealed significant sublethal effects of fungicides on fish, aquatic invertebrates, and ecosystems, including zooplankton and fish reproduction, fish immune function, zooplankton community composition, metabolic enzymes, and ecosystem processes, such as leaf decomposition in streams, among other biological effects. Some of these effects can occur at fungicide concentrations well below single-species acute lethality values (48- or 96-hour concentration that effects a response in 50 percent of the organisms, that is, effective concentration killing 50 percent of the organisms in 48 or 96 hours) and chronic sublethal values (for example, 21-day no observed adverse effects concentration), indicating that single-species toxicity values may dramatically underestimate the toxic potency of some fungicides. Fungicide modes of toxic action in fungi can sometimes reflect the biochemical and (or) physiological effects of fungicides observed in vertebrates and invertebrates; however, far more studies are needed to explore the potential to predict effects in nontarget organisms based on specific fungicide modes of toxic action. Fungicides can also have additive and (or) synergistic effects when used with other fungicides and insecticides, highlighting the need to study pesticide mixtures that occur in surface waters. For fungicides that partition to organic matter in sediment and soils, it is particularly important to determine their effects on freshwater mussels and other freshwater benthic invertebrates in contact with sediments, as available toxicity studies with pelagic species, mainly&nbsp;</span><i>Daphnia magna</i><span>, may not be representative of these benthic organisms. Finally, there is a critical need for studies of the chronic effects of fungicides on reproduction, immunocompetence, and ecosystem function; sublethal endpoints with population and community-level relevance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121213","usgsCitation":"Elskus, A.A., 2012, Toxicity, sublethal effects, and potential modes of action of select fungicides on freshwater fish and invertebrates (Version 1.0: September 27, 2012; Version 1,1: November 25, 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1213, vii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121213.","productDescription":"vii, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040603","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262163,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262162,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1213/pdf/ofr2012-1213.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121213.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: September 27, 2012; Version 1,1: November 25, 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50662516e4b053bff18e1c16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elskus, Adria A.","contributorId":14521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elskus","given":"Adria","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044219,"text":"70044219 - 2012 - Survey of roadside alien plants in Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park and adjacent residential areas 2001-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T12:40:28","indexId":"70044219","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-27T18:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-032","title":"Survey of roadside alien plants in Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park and adjacent residential areas 2001-2005","docAbstract":"<p>The sides of all paved roads of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park (HAVO) were surveyed on foot in 2001 to 2005, and the roadside presence of 240 target invasive and potentially invasive alien plant species was recorded in mile-long increments. Buffer zones 5&ndash;10 miles (8&ndash;16 km) long along Highway 11 on either side of the Kīlauea and Kahuku Units of the park, as well as Wright Road that passed by the disjunct `Ōla`a Tract Unit, were included in the survey. Highway 11 is the primary road through the park and a major island thoroughfare. Three residential subdivisions adjacent to the park were similarly surveyed in 0.5&ndash;1 mile (0.8&ndash;1.6 km) intervals in 2003, and data were analyzed separately. Two roads to the east and northeast were also surveyed, but data from these disjunct areas were analyzed separately from park roads. In total, 174 of the target alien species were observed along HAVO roads and buffers, exclusive of residential areas, and the mean number of target aliens per mile surveyed was 20.6. Highway 11 and its buffer zones had the highest mean number of target alien plants per mile (26.7) of all park roads, and the Mauna Loa Strip Road had the lowest mean (11.7). Segments of Highway 11 adjacent to HAVO and Wright Road next to `Ōla`a Tract had mean numbers of target alien per mile (24&ndash;47) higher than those of any internal road. Alien plant frequencies were summarized for each road in HAVO. Fifteen new records of vascular plants for HAVO were observed and collected along park roads. An additional 28 alien plant species not known from HAVO were observed along the buffer segments of Highway 11 adjacent to the park. Within the adjacent residential subdivisions, 65 target alien plant species were sighted along roadsides. At least 15 potentially invasive species not currently found within HAVO were observed along residential roads, and several other species found there have been previously eliminated from the park or controlled to remnant populations. Data collected from this survey can be used by the park and other landowners to help detect and manage invasive plant species that threaten the natural resources of their lands, and survey findings will inform managers of threats from alien species established along corridors beyond park boundaries. Recommendations were made for refining the list of incipient invasive plant species to search for near the park and for the repetition of periodic roadside weed surveys in the park.</p>","publisher":"University of Hawai'i at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"Bio, K.F., Pratt, L.W., and Jacobi, J.D., 2012, Survey of roadside alien plants in Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park and adjacent residential areas 2001-2005: Technical Report HCSU-032, iv, 67.","productDescription":"iv, 67","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037461","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ac50e7e4b0d1835674b32f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bio, Keali’i F.","contributorId":79371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bio","given":"Keali’i","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":517241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Linda W. lpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Linda","email":"lpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":644951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobi, James D. 0000-0003-2313-7862 jjacobi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-7862","contributorId":3705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"James","email":"jjacobi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040081,"text":"ofr20121099 - 2012 - Summary of oceanographic and water-quality measurements near the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, Maryland, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-08T17:16:12","indexId":"ofr20121099","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1099","title":"Summary of oceanographic and water-quality measurements near the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, Maryland, 2011","docAbstract":"Suspended-sediment transport is a critical element governing the geomorphology of tidal marshes. Marshes rely on both organic material and inorganic sediment deposition to maintain their elevation relative to sea level. In wetlands near the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, Maryland, portions of the salt marsh have been subsiding relative to sea level since the early 20th century. Other portions of the marsh have been successful at maintaining elevation. The U.S. Geological Survey performed observational deployments to measure suspended-sediment concentration in the tidal channels in order to understand the magnitude of suspended-sediment concentrations, the sediment-transport mechanisms, and differences between two marsh areas, one that subsided and one that maintained elevation. We deployed optical turbidity sensors and acoustic velocity meters at multiple sites over two periods in 2011. This report presents the time-series of oceanographic data collected during those field studies, including velocity, depth, turbidity, salinity, water temperature, and pH.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121099","usgsCitation":"Ganju, N., Dickhudt, P., Montgomery, E., Brennand, P., Derby, R.K., Brooks, T.W., Guntenspergen, G.R., Martini, M.A., Borden, J., and Baldwin, S., 2012, Summary of oceanographic and water-quality measurements near the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, Maryland, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1099, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121099.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1099.jpg"},{"id":262130,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1099/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262131,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1099/title_page.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","otherGeospatial":"Blackwater River;Transquaking River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.1,38.3 ], [ -76.1,38.4 ], [ -76,38.4 ], [ -76,38.3 ], [ -76.1,38.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50662514e4b053bff18e1c0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":93543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickhudt, Patrick J.","contributorId":48302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickhudt","given":"Patrick J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Montgomery, Ellyn T.","contributorId":78038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Ellyn T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brennand, Patrick","contributorId":62095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennand","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Derby, R. Kyle","contributorId":24643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derby","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kyle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brooks, Thomas W. 0000-0002-0555-3398 wallybrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0555-3398","contributorId":5989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Thomas","email":"wallybrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Martini, Marinna A. 0000-0002-7757-5158 mmartini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-5158","contributorId":2456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"Marinna","email":"mmartini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Borden, Jonathan 0000-0001-6844-3340 jborden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6844-3340","contributorId":3098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borden","given":"Jonathan","email":"jborden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Baldwin, Sandra M. sbrosnahan@usgs.gov","contributorId":75620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Sandra M.","email":"sbrosnahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70040072,"text":"sir20125204 - 2012 - Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River in and into Missouri during summer flooding, July-August 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-27T17:16:16","indexId":"sir20125204","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5204","title":"Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River in and into Missouri during summer flooding, July-August 2011","docAbstract":"Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kansas and Missouri Departments of Transportation, in the vicinity of 36 bridges at 27 highway crossings of the Missouri River between Brownville, Nebraska and St. Louis, Missouri, from July 13 through August 3, 2011, during a summer flood. A multibeam echo sounder mapping system was used to obtain channel-bed elevations for river reaches ranging from 1,350 to 1,860 feet and extending across the active channel of the Missouri River. These bathymetric scans provide a \"snapshot\" of the channel conditions at the time of the surveys and provide characteristics of scour holes that may be useful in the development of predictive guidelines or equations for scour holes. These data also may be used by the Kansas and Missouri Departments of Transportation to assess the bridges for stability and integrity issues with respect to bridge scour during floods. Bathymetric data were collected around every pier that was in water, except those at the edge of water, in extremely shallow water, or surrounded by debris rafts. Scour holes were present at most piers for which bathymetry could be obtained, except at piers on channel banks, those near or embedded in lateral or longitudinal spur dikes, and those on exposed bedrock outcrops. Scour holes observed at the surveyed bridges were examined with respect to depth and shape. Although exposure of parts of foundational support elements was observed at several piers, at most sites the exposure likely can be considered minimal compared to the overall substructure that remains buried in bed material; however, there were several notable exceptions where the bed material thickness between the bottom of the scour hole and bedrock was less than 6 feet. Such substantial exposure of usually buried substructural elements may warrant special observation in future flood events. Previous bathymetric surveys had been done at several of the sites, and comparisons between bathymetric surfaces from the previous surveys and those of this study indicate substantial variability in the response of the channel bed to the 2011 summer flood conditions. At sites in Kansas City, there was no consistent deepening of the channel or increase in the size of scour holes, despite substantially more discharge and a higher water-surface elevation in the 2011 surveys, which implies the high-flow conditions during the 2011 surveys created a similar scour scenario to the previous surveys. At Jefferson City and the St. Louis sites, there was a consistent deepening of the channel, and a slight to substantial increase in the depth of scour holes in the 2011 surveys compared to previous surveys, although the effects of the higher flow appeared to be mitigated by the shape and alignment of the piers at most sites in St. Louis. Construction activities related to a new bridge at the Atchison, Kansas, site likely have contributed to the substantial additional scour observed there in a previous survey during the 2010 flooding, and the subsequent aggradation of the channel bed observed in the 2011 survey. Pier size, nose shape, and alignment to flow also had a profound effect on the size of the scour hole observed for a given pier.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125204","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas and Missouri Departments of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., 2012, Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River in and into Missouri during summer flooding, July-August 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5204, xii; 166 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125204.","productDescription":"xii; 166 p.","numberOfPages":"182","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5204.gif"},{"id":262124,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262125,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5204/sir12-5204.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 15","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Missouri;Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,38.333333333333336 ], [ -96,41 ], [ -90,41 ], [ -90,38.333333333333336 ], [ -96,38.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5066250be4b053bff18e1bdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huizinga, Richard J. 0000-0002-2940-2324 huizinga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-2324","contributorId":2089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huizinga","given":"Richard","email":"huizinga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}