{"pageNumber":"622","pageRowStart":"15525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46677,"records":[{"id":70039247,"text":"sir20125112 - 2012 - Assessment of nutrients and suspended sediment conditions in and near the Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge, Northwest Minnesota, 2008–2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:29:03","indexId":"sir20125112","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5112","title":"Assessment of nutrients and suspended sediment conditions in and near the Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge, Northwest Minnesota, 2008–2010","docAbstract":"In response to concerns about water-quality impairments that may affect habitat degradation in Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge in northwest Minnesota, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service collected streamflow data, discrete nutrient and suspended- sediment samples, and continuous water-quality data from 2008 to 2010. Constituent loads were estimated for nutrients and suspended sediment using sample data and streamflow data. In addition, a potential water-quality and streamflow monitoring program design was developed for Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge. Results from this study can be used by resource managers to address identified impairments and protect wildlife habitat and public water supply, and may contribute toward developing more effective water-management plans for Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125112","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Nustad, R.A., and Galloway, J.M., 2012, Assessment of nutrients and suspended sediment conditions in and near the Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge, Northwest Minnesota, 2008–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5112, viii, 45 p.; ill. (col.); col. maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125112.","productDescription":"viii, 45 p.; ill. (col.); col. maps","startPage":"i","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5112.gif"},{"id":259209,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5112/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259210,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5112/sir2012-5112.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee46e4b0c8380cd49c7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nustad, Rochelle A. 0000-0002-4713-5944 ranustad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-5944","contributorId":1811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nustad","given":"Rochelle","email":"ranustad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038169,"text":"70038169 - 2012 - Hybrid analysis of multiaxis electromagnetic data for discrimination of munitions and explosives of concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-28T01:01:41","indexId":"70038169","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hybrid analysis of multiaxis electromagnetic data for discrimination of munitions and explosives of concern","docAbstract":"The remediation of land containing munitions and explosives of concern, otherwise known as unexploded ordnance, is an ongoing problem facing the U.S. Department of Defense and similar agencies worldwide that have used or are transferring training ranges or munitions disposal areas to civilian control. The expense associated with cleanup of land previously used for military training and war provides impetus for research towards enhanced discrimination of buried unexploded ordnance. Towards reducing that expense, a multiaxis electromagnetic induction data collection and software system, called ALLTEM, was designed and tested with support from the U.S. Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program. ALLTEM is an on-time time-domain system that uses a continuous triangle-wave excitation to measure the target-step response rather than traditional impulse response. The system cycles through three orthogonal transmitting loops and records a total of 19 different transmitting and receiving loop combinations with a nominal spatial data sampling interval of 20 cm. Recorded data are pre-processed and then used in a hybrid discrimination scheme involving both data-driven and numerical classification techniques. The data-driven classification scheme is accomplished in three steps. First, field observations are used to train a type of unsupervised artificial neural network, a self-organizing map (SOM). Second, the SOM is used to simultaneously estimate target parameters (depth, azimuth, inclination, item type and weight) by iterative minimization of the topographic error vectors. Third, the target classification is accomplished by evaluating histograms of the estimated parameters. The numerical classification scheme is also accomplished in three steps. First, the Biot–Savart law is used to model the primary magnetic fields from the transmitter coils and the secondary magnetic fields generated by currents induced in the target materials in the ground. Second, the target response is modelled by three orthogonal dipoles from prolate, oblate and triaxial ellipsoids with one long axis and two shorter axes. Each target consists of all three dipoles. Third, unknown target parameters are determined by comparing modelled to measured target responses. By comparing the rms error among the self-organizing map and numerical classification results, we achieved greater than 95 per cent detection and correct classification of the munitions and explosives of concern at the direct fire and indirect fire test areas at the UXO Standardized Test Site at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland in 2010.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05522.x","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M., Asch, T., and Oden, C., 2012, Hybrid analysis of multiaxis electromagnetic data for discrimination of munitions and explosives of concern: Geophysical Journal International, v. 190, no. 2, p. 960-980, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05522.x.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"960","endPage":"980","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474402,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2012.05522.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":259230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259223,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05522.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"190","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32bde4b0c8380cd5ea29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedel, M.J.","contributorId":90823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asch, T.H.","contributorId":90552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oden, C.","contributorId":87796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038620,"text":"70038620 - 2012 - Freshwater DOM quantity and quality from a two-component model of UV absorbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-31T01:01:47","indexId":"70038620","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Freshwater DOM quantity and quality from a two-component model of UV absorbance","docAbstract":"We present a model that considers UV-absorbing dissolved organic matter (DOM) to consist of two components (A and B), each with a distinct and constant spectrum. Component A absorbs UV light strongly, and is therefore presumed to possess aromatic chromophores and hydrophobic character, whereas B absorbs weakly and can be assumed hydrophilic. We parameterised the model with dissolved organic carbon concentrations [DOC] and corresponding UV spectra for c. 1700 filtered surface water samples from North America and the United Kingdom, by optimising extinction coefficients for A and B, together with a small constant concentration of non-absorbing DOM (0.80 mg DOC L<sup>-1</sup>). Good unbiased predictions of [DOC] from absorbance data at 270 and 350 nm were obtained (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.98), the sum of squared residuals in [DOC] being reduced by 66% compared to a regression model fitted to absorbance at 270 nm alone. The parameterised model can use measured optical absorbance values at any pair of suitable wavelengths to calculate both [DOC] and the relative amounts of A and B in a water sample, i.e. measures of quantity and quality. Blind prediction of [DOC] was satisfactory for 9 of 11 independent data sets (181 of 213 individual samples).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.021","usgsCitation":"Carter, H.T., Tipping, E., Koprivnjak, J., Miller, M.P., Cookson, B., and Hamilton-Taylor, J., 2012, Freshwater DOM quantity and quality from a two-component model of UV absorbance: Water Research, v. 46, no. 14, p. 4532-4542, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.021.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"4532","endPage":"4542","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474395,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.021","text":"External Repository"},{"id":259215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259206,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.021","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"46","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13dbe4b0c8380cd547e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Heather T.","contributorId":19826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tipping, Edward","contributorId":36405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tipping","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koprivnjak, Jean-Francois","contributorId":52020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koprivnjak","given":"Jean-Francois","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":3919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cookson, Brenda","contributorId":33960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cookson","given":"Brenda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hamilton-Taylor, John","contributorId":12729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton-Taylor","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70039149,"text":"fs20123065 - 2012 - Water Resources of Beauregard Parish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-28T01:01:41","indexId":"fs20123065","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3065","title":"Water Resources of Beauregard Parish","docAbstract":"In 2005, about 30.6 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water was withdrawn in Beauregard Parish, Louisiana, including about 30.4 Mgal/d from groundwater sources and 0.1 Mgal/d from surface water sources. Industrial use, primarily for wood products, accounted for about 72 percent (22.0 Mgal/d) of the total water withdrawn. Other categories of use included public supply, rural domestic, livestock, rice irrigation, general irrigation, and aquaculture. Water-use data collected at 5-year intervals from 1960 to 2005 indicate water withdrawals in the parish peaked at about 43.5 Mgal/d in 1985. The large increase in groundwater usage from 1970 to 1975 was primarily due to industrial withdrawals, which increased from 3.64 Mgl/d in 1970 to 29.0 Mgal/d in 1975. This fact sheet summarizes information on the water resources of Beauregard Parish, La. Information on groundwater and surface-water availability, quality, development, use, and trends is based on previously published reports listed in the Selected References section.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123065","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Prakken, L., Griffith, J.M., and Fendick, R., 2012, Water Resources of Beauregard Parish: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3065, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123065.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3065.JPG"},{"id":259184,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3065/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259185,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3065/FS12-3065.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Beauregard Parish","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc783e4b08c986b32c4a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prakken, Lawrence B.","contributorId":73978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Lawrence B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffith, Jason M. 0000-0002-8942-0380 jmgriff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-0380","contributorId":2923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Jason","email":"jmgriff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fendick, Robert B. Jr. rfendick@usgs.gov","contributorId":1313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fendick","given":"Robert B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rfendick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003663,"text":"70003663 - 2012 - Effects of soil-engineering properties on the failure mode of shallow landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-28T01:01:41","indexId":"70003663","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of soil-engineering properties on the failure mode of shallow landslides","docAbstract":"Some landslides mobilize into flows, while others slide and deposit material immediately down slope. An index based on initial dry density and fine-grained content of soil predicted failure mode of 96 landslide initiation sites in Oregon and Colorado with 79% accuracy. These material properties can be used to identify potential sources for debris flows and for slides. Field data suggest that loose soils can evolve from dense soils that dilate upon shearing. The method presented herein to predict failure mode is most applicable for shallow (depth <5 m), well-graded soils (coefficient of uniformity >8), with few to moderate fines (fine-grained content <18%), and with liquid limits <40.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10346-011-0295-3","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J.P., Santi, P.M., Amblard, X., and Negri, J., 2012, Effects of soil-engineering properties on the failure mode of shallow landslides: Landslides, v. 9, no. 2, p. 215-228, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-011-0295-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"228","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259196,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-011-0295-3","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07d1e4b0c8380cd51859","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, Jonathan Peter","contributorId":50398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santi, Paul Michael","contributorId":61696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santi","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amblard, Xavier","contributorId":61290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amblard","given":"Xavier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Negri, Jacquelyn","contributorId":49650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Negri","given":"Jacquelyn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70006298,"text":"70006298 - 2012 - Evaluating changes in matrix based, recovery-adjusted concentrations in paired data for pesticides in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-28T01:01:42","indexId":"70006298","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating changes in matrix based, recovery-adjusted concentrations in paired data for pesticides in groundwater","docAbstract":"Pesticide concentration data for waters from selected carbonate-rock aquifers in agricultural areas of Pennsylvania were collected in 1993&ndash;2009 for occurrence and distribution assessments. A set of 30 wells was visited once in 1993&ndash;1995 and again in 2008&ndash;2009 to assess concentration changes. The data include censored matched pairs (nondetections of a compound in one or both samples of a pair). A potentially improved approach for assessing concentration changes is presented where (i) concentrations are adjusted with models of matrix-spike recovery and (ii) area-wide temporal change is tested by use of the paired Prentice-Wilcoxon (PPW) statistical test. The PPW results for atrazine, simazine, metolachlor, prometon, and an atrazine degradate, deethylatrazine (DEA), are compared using recovery-adjusted and unadjusted concentrations. Results for adjusted compared with unadjusted concentrations in 2008&ndash;2009 compared with 1993&ndash;1995 were similar for atrazine and simazine (significant decrease; 95% confidence level) and metolachlor (no change) but differed for DEA (adjusted, decrease; unadjusted, increase) and prometon (adjusted, decrease; unadjusted, no change). The PPW results were different on recovery-adjusted compared with unadjusted concentrations. Not accounting for variability in recovery can mask a true change, misidentify a change when no true change exists, or assign a direction opposite of the true change in concentration that resulted from matrix influences on extraction and laboratory method performance. However, matrix-based models of recovery derived from a laboratory performance dataset from multiple studies for national assessment, as used herein, rather than time- and study-specific recoveries may introduce uncertainty in recovery adjustments for individual samples that should be considered in assessing change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS DL","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2134/jeq2011.0271","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, T.M., and Breen, K.J., 2012, Evaluating changes in matrix based, recovery-adjusted concentrations in paired data for pesticides in groundwater: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 41, no. 4, p. 1238-1245, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0271.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1238","endPage":"1245","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259202,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0271","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","volume":"41","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bdce4b0c8380cd528fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Tammy M. 0000-0003-0842-6981 tmzimmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-6981","contributorId":2359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Tammy","email":"tmzimmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breen, Kevin J. 0000-0002-9447-6469 kjbreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-6469","contributorId":219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breen","given":"Kevin","email":"kjbreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037787,"text":"70037787 - 2012 - Late twentieth century land-cover change in the basin and range ecoregions of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-14T14:57:22","indexId":"70037787","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3242,"text":"Regional Environmental Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late twentieth century land-cover change in the basin and range ecoregions of the United States","docAbstract":"As part of the US Geological Survey's Land Cover Trends project, land-use/land-cover change estimates between 1973 and 2000 are presented for the basin and range ecoregions, including Northern, Central, Mojave, and Sonoran. Landsat data were employed to estimate and characterize land-cover change from 1973, 1980, 1986, 1992, and 2000 using a post-classification comparison. Overall, spatial change was 2.5% (17,830 km<sup>2</sup>). Change increased steadily between 1973 and 1986 but decreased slightly between 1992 and 2000. The grassland/shrubland class, frequently used for livestock grazing, constituted the majority of the study area and had a net decrease from an estimated 83.8% (587,024 km<sup>2</sup>) in 1973 to 82.6% (578,242 km<sup>2</sup>) in 2000. The most common land-use/land-cover conversions across the basin and range ecoregions were indicative of the changes associated with natural, nonmechanical disturbances (i.e., fire), and grassland/shrubland loss to development, agriculture, and mining. This comprehensive look at contemporary land-use/land-cover change provides critical insight into how the deserts of the United States have changed and can be used to inform adaptive management practices of public lands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional Environmental Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10113-012-0296-3","usgsCitation":"Soulard, C.E., and Sleeter, B.M., 2012, Late twentieth century land-cover change in the basin and range ecoregions of the United States: Regional Environmental Change, v. 12, no. 4, p. 813-823, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-012-0296-3.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"813","endPage":"823","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259228,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-012-0296-3","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4560e4b0c8380cd6727c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70009700,"text":"70009700 - 2012 - Evaluation of SNODAS snow depth and snow water equivalent estimates for the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70009700","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of SNODAS snow depth and snow water equivalent estimates for the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA","docAbstract":"The National Weather Service's Snow Data Assimilation (SNODAS) program provides daily, gridded estimates of snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), and related snow parameters at a 1-km<sup>2</sup> resolution for the conterminous USA. In this study, SNODAS snow depth and SWE estimates were compared with independent, ground-based snow survey data in the Colorado Rocky Mountains to assess SNODAS accuracy at the 1-km<sup>2</sup> scale. Accuracy also was evaluated at the basin scale by comparing SNODAS model output to snowmelt runoff in 31 headwater basins with US Geological Survey stream gauges. Results from the snow surveys indicated that SNODAS performed well in forested areas, explaining 72% of the variance in snow depths and 77% of the variance in SWE. However, SNODAS showed poor agreement with measurements in alpine areas, explaining 16% of the variance in snow depth and 30% of the variance in SWE. At the basin scale, snowmelt runoff was moderately correlated (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.52) with SNODAS model estimates. A simple method for adjusting SNODAS SWE estimates in alpine areas was developed that uses relations between prevailing wind direction, terrain, and vegetation to account for wind redistribution of snow in alpine terrain. The adjustments substantially improved agreement between measurements and SNODAS estimates, with the <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of measured SWE values against SNODAS SWE estimates increasing from 0.42 to 0.63 and the root mean square error decreasing from 12 to 6 cm. Results from this study indicate that SNODAS can provide reliable data for input to moderate-scale to large-scale hydrologic models, which are essential for creating accurate runoff forecasts. Refinement of SNODAS SWE estimates for alpine areas to account for wind redistribution of snow could further improve model performance. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/hyp.9385","usgsCitation":"Clow, D.W., Nanus, L., Verdin, K.L., and Schmidt, J., 2012, Evaluation of SNODAS snow depth and snow water equivalent estimates for the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 26, no. 17, p. 2583-2591, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9385.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2583","endPage":"2591","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257800,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9385","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","volume":"26","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c21e4b0c8380cd52a4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nanus, Leora","contributorId":27930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanus","given":"Leora","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, Kristine L. 0000-0002-6114-4660 kverdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":3070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"Kristine","email":"kverdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, Jeffrey","contributorId":90972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70039212,"text":"ds695 - 2012 - Concentrations of selected metals in Quaternary-age fluvial deposits along the lower Cheyenne and middle Belle Fourche Rivers, western South Dakota, 2009-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-08T19:11:34.250622","indexId":"ds695","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"695","title":"Concentrations of selected metals in Quaternary-age fluvial deposits along the lower Cheyenne and middle Belle Fourche Rivers, western South Dakota, 2009-10","docAbstract":"The headwaters of the Cheyenne and Belle Fourche Rivers drain the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming, an area that has been affected by mining and ore-milling operations since the discovery of gold in 1875. A tributary to the Belle Fourche River is Whitewood Creek, which drains the area of the Homestake Mine, a gold mine that operated from 1876 to 2001. Tailings discharged into Whitewood Creek contained arsenopyrite, an arsenic-rich variety of pyrite associated with gold ore, and mercury used as an amalgam during the gold-extraction process. Approximately 18 percent of the tailings that were discharged remain in fluvial deposits on the flood plain along Whitewood Creek, and approximately 25 percent remain in fluvial deposits on the flood plain along the Belle Fourche River, downstream from Whitewood Creek. In 1983, a 29-kilometer (18-mile) reach of Whitewood Creek and the adjacent flood plain was included in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Priority List of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, commonly referred to as a \"Superfund site.\" Listing of this reach of Whitewood Creek was primarily in response to arsenic toxicity of fluvial deposits on the flood plain. Lands along the lower Cheyenne River were transferred to adjoining States and Tribes in response to the Water Resources Development Act (WRDA) of 1999. An amendment in 2000 to WRDA required a study of sediment contamination of the Cheyenne River. In response to the WRDA amendment, the U.S. Geological Survey completed field sampling of reference sites (not affected by mine-tailing disposal) along the lower Belle Fourche and lower Cheyenne Rivers. Reference sites were located on stream terraces that were elevated well above historical stream stages to ensure no contamination from historical mining activity. Sampling of potentially contaminated sites was performed on transects of the active flood plain and adjacent terraces that could potentially be inundated during high-flow events. Sampling began in 2009 and was completed in 2010. A total of 74 geochemical samples were collected from fluvial deposits at reference sites, and 473 samples were collected from potentially contaminated sites. Sediment samples collected were analyzed for 23 metals, including arsenic and mercury. Sequential replicate, split duplicate, and field quality-control samples were analyzed for quality assurance of data-collection methods. The metal concentrations in sediment samples and location information are presented in this report in electronic format (Microsoft Excel), along with non-parametric summary statistics of those data. Cross-sectional topography is graphed with arsenic and mercury concentrations on transects at the potentially contaminated sites. The mean arsenic concentration in reference sediment samples was 8 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), compared to 250, 650, and 76 mg/kg for potentially contaminated sediment samples at the surface of the middle Belle Fourche River site, the subsurface of the middle Belle Fourche River site, and the surface of the lower Cheyenne River site, respectively. The mean mercury concentration in reference sediment samples was 16 micrograms per kilogram (&mu;g/kg), compared to 130, 370, and 71 &mu;g/kg for potentially contaminated sediment samples at the surface of the middle Belle Fourche River site, the subsurface of the middle Belle Fourche River site, and the surface of the lower Cheyenne River site, respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds695","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe","usgsCitation":"Stamm, J., and Hoogestraat, G., 2012, Concentrations of selected metals in Quaternary-age fluvial deposits along the lower Cheyenne and middle Belle Fourche Rivers, western South Dakota, 2009-10: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 695, Report: vi, 29 p.; Table 1: Excel file; Table 2: Excel file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds695.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 29 p.; Table 1: Excel file; Table 2: Excel file","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259158,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/695/ds695.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_695.JPG"},{"id":259157,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/695/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 13","country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Belle Fourche River;Cheyenne River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.11749999999999,44.06666666666667 ], [ -103.11749999999999,44.56666666666667 ], [ -100,44.56666666666667 ], [ -100,44.06666666666667 ], [ -103.11749999999999,44.06666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f99ae4b0c8380cd4d6bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamm, John F. 0000-0002-3404-2933 jstamm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-2933","contributorId":2859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"John F.","email":"jstamm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoogestraat, Galen K.","contributorId":22442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoogestraat","given":"Galen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038265,"text":"70038265 - 2012 - Combined sewer overflows: an environmental source of hormones and wastewater micropollutants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-27T01:01:50","indexId":"70038265","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined sewer overflows: an environmental source of hormones and wastewater micropollutants","docAbstract":"Data were collected at a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Burlington, Vermont, USA, (serving 30,000 people) to assess the relative contribution of CSO (combined sewer overflow) bypass flows and treated wastewater effluent to the load of steroid hormones and other wastewater micropollutants (WMPs) from a WWTP to a lake. Flow-weighted composite samples were collected over a 13 month period at this WWTP from CSO bypass flows or plant influent flows (<i>n</i> = 28) and treated effluent discharges (<i>n</i> = 22). Although CSO discharges represent 10% of the total annual water discharge (CSO plus treated plant effluent discharges) from the WWTP, CSO discharges contribute 40&ndash;90% of the annual load for hormones and WMPs with high (>90%) wastewater treatment removal efficiency. By contrast, compounds with low removal efficiencies (<90%) have less than 10% of annual load contributed by CSO discharges. Concentrations of estrogens, androgens, and WMPs generally are 10 times higher in CSO discharges compared to treated wastewater discharges. Compound concentrations in samples of CSO discharges generally decrease with increasing flow because of wastewater dilution by rainfall runoff. By contrast, concentrations of hormones and many WMPs in samples from treated discharges can increase with increasing flow due to decreasing removal efficiency.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es3001294","usgsCitation":"Phillips, P.J., Chalmers, A., Gray, J., Kolpin, D., Foreman, W., and Wall, G.R., 2012, Combined sewer overflows: an environmental source of hormones and wastewater micropollutants: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 10, p. 5336-5343, https://doi.org/10.1021/es3001294.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5336","endPage":"5343","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474406,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3352270","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":259179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259171,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es3001294","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"46","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7dae4b0c8380cd4cd27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, P. J.","contributorId":31728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chalmers, A.T. 0000-0002-5199-8080","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5199-8080","contributorId":63576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, J.L.","contributorId":18566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foreman, W.T.","contributorId":94684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wall, G. R.","contributorId":93652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70003559,"text":"70003559 - 2012 - By the numbers: how is recovery defined by the U.S. Endangered Species Act?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-05T11:33:26","indexId":"70003559","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"By the numbers: how is recovery defined by the U.S. Endangered Species Act?","docAbstract":"<p>Nearly 40 years after passage of the US Endangered Species Act, the prospects for listed species remain dim because they are too severely imperiled by the time they receive the act's protection. Even if threats are abated, the low abundances required for recovery often preclude a high probability of persistence. The lack of sufficient data for setting recovery objectives also remains a barrier. Delisting is considered possible for only 74% of the 1173 species with recovery plans&mdash;92% of threatened and 69% of endangered species. The median number of populations required for delisting (8) was at or below the historical numbers for 64% and at or below the numbers at listing for 37% of the species. The median number of individuals required for recovery (2400) exceeded the abundances at listing for 93% of the species, but most were below the levels considered necessary for long-term persistence, especially in changing environments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","doi":"10.1525/bio.2012.62.7.7","usgsCitation":"Neel, M.C., Leidner, A., Haines, A., Goble, D.D., and Scott, J.M., 2012, By the numbers: how is recovery defined by the U.S. Endangered Species Act?: BioScience, v. 62, no. 7, p. 646-657, https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.7.7.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"646","endPage":"657","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474403,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.7.7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":259173,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"62","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2bee4b0c8380cd4b331","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neel, Maile C.","contributorId":26052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neel","given":"Maile","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leidner, Allison K.","contributorId":92909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leidner","given":"Allison K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haines, Aaron","contributorId":37593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Aaron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goble, Dale D.","contributorId":95323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goble","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scott, J. Michael","contributorId":98877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70039199,"text":"fs20123103 - 2012 - Integrated monitoring of ecological conditions in wetland-upland landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-26T01:02:11","indexId":"fs20123103","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3103","title":"Integrated monitoring of ecological conditions in wetland-upland landscapes","docAbstract":"Landscapes of interwoven wetlands and uplands offer a rich set of ecosystem goods and services. Managing lands to maximize ecosystem services requires information that distinguishes change caused by local actions from broader-scale shifts in climate, land use, and other forms of global change. Satellite and airborne sensors collect valuable data for this purpose, especially when the data are analyzed along with data collected from ground-based sensors. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is using remote sensing technology in this way as part of the Terrestrial Wetland Global Change Research Network to assess effects of climate change interacting with land-use change and other potential stressors along environmental gradients of wetland-upland landscapes in the United States and Canada.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123103","usgsCitation":"Gallant, A., and Sadinski, W., 2012, Integrated monitoring of ecological conditions in wetland-upland landscapes: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3103, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123103.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3103.JPG"},{"id":259151,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3103/fs12-3103.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259152,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3103/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c68e4b0c8380cd62cf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallant, Alisa 0000-0002-3029-6637","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":85280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sadinski, Walt","contributorId":33969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadinski","given":"Walt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039197,"text":"sim3216 - 2012 - Flood-inundation maps for the West Branch Delaware River, Delhi, New York, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-26T01:02:11","indexId":"sim3216","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3216","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the West Branch Delaware River, Delhi, New York, 2012","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 5-mile reach of the West Branch Delaware River through the Village and part of the Town of Delhi, New York, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Village of Delhi, the Delaware County Soil and Water Conservation District, and the Delaware County Planning Department. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/ and the Federal Flood Inundation Mapper Web site at http://wim.usgs.gov/FIMI/FloodInundationMapper.html, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) referenced to the USGS streamgage at West Branch Delaware River upstream from Delhi, N.Y. (station number 01421900).\r\nIn this study, flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model that had been used to produce the flood insurance rate maps for the most recent flood insurance study for the Town and Village of Delhi. This hydraulic model was used to compute 10 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot (ft) intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from 7 ft or near bankfull to 16 ft, which exceeds the stages that correspond to both the estimated 0.2-percent annual-exceedance-probability flood (500-year recurrence interval flood) and the maximum recorded peak flow. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system (GIS) digital elevation model, which was derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data with a 1.2-ft (0.61-ft root mean squared error) vertical accuracy and 3.3-ft (1-meter) horizontal resolution, to delineate the area flooded at each water level. A map that was produced using this method to delineate the inundated area for the flood that occurred on August 28, 2011, agreed well with highwater marks that had been located in the field using a global positioning system. The availability of the 10 flood-inundation maps on the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage, will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood-response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3216","usgsCitation":"Coon, W.F., and Breaker, B.K., 2012, Flood-inundation maps for the West Branch Delaware River, Delhi, New York, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3216, Pamphlet: vi, 9 p.; 10 Sheets; Sheet 1: 17 inches x 22 inches, Sheet 2: 17 inches x 22 inches, Sheet 3: 17 inches x 22 inches, Sheet 4: 17 inches x 22 inches, Sheet 5: 17 inches x 22 inches, Sheet 6: 17 inches x 22 inches, Sheet 7: 17 inches x 22 inches, Sheet 8: 17 inches x 22 inches, Sheet 9: 17 inches x 22 inches, Sheet 10: 17 inches x 22 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3216.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 9 p.; 10 Sheets; Sheet 1: 17 inches x 22 inches, Sheet 2: 17 inches x 22 inches, Sheet 3: 17 inches x 22 inches, Sheet 4: 17 inches x 22 inches, Sheet 5: 17 inches x 22 inches, Sheet 6: 17 inches x 22 inches, Sheet 7: 17 inches x 22 inches, Sheet 8: 17 inches x 22 inches, Sheet 9: 17 inches x 22 inches, Sheet 10: 17 inches x 22 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3216.png"},{"id":259153,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3216/pdf/sim3216-pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259140,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3216/pdf/sim3216-sheet01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259142,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3216/pdf/sim3216-sheet03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259143,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3216/pdf/sim3216-sheet04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259144,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3216/pdf/sim3216-sheet05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259145,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3216/pdf/sim3216-sheet06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259149,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3216/pdf/sim3216-sheet10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259138,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3216/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259139,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3216/downloads/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259141,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3216/pdf/sim3216-sheet02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259146,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3216/pdf/sim3216-sheet07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259147,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3216/pdf/sim3216-sheet08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259148,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3216/pdf/sim3216-sheet09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Delaware;Schoharie","city":"Delhi","otherGeospatial":"Catskill Mountain;Elk Creek;Falls Creek;Steele Brook","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.930086,42.258028 ], [ -74.930086,42.303232 ], [ -74.872077,42.303232 ], [ -74.872077,42.258028 ], [ -74.930086,42.258028 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1169e4b0c8380cd53fb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coon, William F. 0000-0002-7007-7797 wcoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7007-7797","contributorId":1765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coon","given":"William","email":"wcoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breaker, Brian K. 0000-0002-1985-4992 bbreaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1985-4992","contributorId":4331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breaker","given":"Brian","email":"bbreaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039185,"text":"sir20125130 - 2012 - Development of regional skews for selected flood durations for the Central Valley Region, California, based on data through water year 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-25T01:02:05","indexId":"sir20125130","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5130","title":"Development of regional skews for selected flood durations for the Central Valley Region, California, based on data through water year 2008","docAbstract":"Flood-frequency information is important in the Central Valley region of California because of the high risk of catastrophic flooding. Most traditional flood-frequency studies focus on peak flows, but for the assessment of the adequacy of reservoirs, levees, other flood control structures, sustained flood flow (flood duration) frequency data are needed. This study focuses on rainfall or rain-on-snow floods, rather than the annual maximum, because rain events produce the largest floods in the region. A key to estimating flood-duration frequency is determining the regional skew for such data. Of the 50 sites used in this study to determine regional skew, 28 sites were considered to have little to no significant regulated flows, and for the 22 sites considered significantly regulated, unregulated daily flow data were synthesized by using reservoir storage changes and diversion records. The unregulated, annual maximum rainfall flood flows for selected durations (1-day, 3-day, 7-day, 15-day, and 30-day) for all 50 sites were furnished by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Station skew was determined by using the expected moments algorithm program for fitting the Pearson Type 3 flood-frequency distribution to the logarithms of annual flood-duration data.\r\nBayesian generalized least squares regression procedures used in earlier studies were modified to address problems caused by large cross correlations among concurrent rainfall floods in California and to address the extensive censoring of low outliers at some sites, by using the new expected moments algorithm for fitting the LP3 distribution to rainfall flood-duration data. To properly account for these problems and to develop suitable regional-skew regression models and regression diagnostics, a combination of ordinary least squares, weighted least squares, and Bayesian generalized least squares regressions were adopted. This new methodology determined that a nonlinear model relating regional skew to mean basin elevation was the best model for each flood duration. The regional-skew values ranged from -0.74 for a flood duration of 1-day and a mean basin elevation less than 2,500 feet to values near 0 for a flood duration of 7-days and a mean basin elevation greater than 4,500 feet. This relation between skew and elevation reflects the interaction of snow and rain, which increases with increased elevation. The regional skews are more accurate, and the mean squared errors are less than in the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data's National skew map of Bulletin 17B.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125130","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Lamontagne, J.R., Stedinger, J.R., Berenbrock, C., Veilleux, A.G., Ferris, J.C., and Knifong, D.L., 2012, Development of regional skews for selected flood durations for the Central Valley Region, California, based on data through water year 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5130, viii, 35 p. Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125130.","productDescription":"viii, 35 p. Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5130.gif"},{"id":259123,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5130/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259124,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5130/pdf/sir20125130.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley;Sierra Nevada Basins;North Coast Ranges Basins;South Coast Ranges Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.54,34.28 ], [ -124.54,42.01 ], [ -116.33,42.01 ], [ -116.33,34.28 ], [ -124.54,34.28 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0061e4b0c8380cd4f725","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamontagne, Jonathan R. 0000-0003-3976-1678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-1678","contributorId":31640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamontagne","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stedinger, Jery R.","contributorId":76198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedinger","given":"Jery","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles","contributorId":30598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Veilleux, Andrea G. aveilleux@usgs.gov","contributorId":4404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veilleux","given":"Andrea","email":"aveilleux@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferris, Justin C. jcferris@usgs.gov","contributorId":4186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"Justin","email":"jcferris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70039170,"text":"ofr20121148 - 2012 - Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2012 High Park Burn Area near Fort Collins, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-24T01:01:47","indexId":"ofr20121148","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1148","title":"Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2012 High Park Burn Area near Fort Collins, Colorado","docAbstract":"This report presents a preliminary emergency assessment of the debris-flow hazards from drainage basins burned by the 2012 High Park fire near Fort Collins in Larimer County, Colorado. Empirical models derived from statistical evaluation of data collected from recently burned basins throughout the intermountain western United States were used to estimate the probability of debris-flow occurrence and volume of debris flows along the burned area drainage network and to estimate the same for 44 selected drainage basins along State Highway 14 and the perimeter of the burned area. Input data for the models included topographic parameters, soil characteristics, burn severity, and rainfall totals and intensities for a (1) 2-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall (25 millimeters); (2) 10-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall (43 millimeters); and (3) 25-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall (51 millimeters). Estimated debris-flow probabilities along the drainage network and throughout the drainage basins of interest ranged from 1 to 84 percent in response to the 2-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall; from 2 to 95 percent in response to the 10-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall; and from 3 to 97 in response to the 25-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall. Basins and drainage networks with the highest probabilities tended to be those on the eastern edge of the burn area where soils have relatively high clay contents and gradients are steep. Estimated debris-flow volumes range from a low of 1,600 cubic meters to a high of greater than 100,000 cubic meters. Estimated debris-flow volumes increase with basin size and distance along the drainage network, but some smaller drainages were also predicted to produce substantial volumes of material. The predicted probabilities and some of the volumes predicted for the modeled storms indicate a potential for substantial debris-flow impacts on structures, roads, bridges, and culverts located both within and immediately downstream from the burned area. Colorado State Highway 14 is also susceptible to impacts from debris flows.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121148","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Colorado Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Verdin, K.L., Dupree, J.A., and Elliott, J.G., 2012, Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2012 High Park Burn Area near Fort Collins, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1148, vi, 9 p.; 2 Plates: 87 x 56 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121148.","productDescription":"vi, 9 p.; 2 Plates: 87 x 56 cm.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1148.gif"},{"id":259106,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1148/Plate1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259104,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1148/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259105,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1148/OF12-1148.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259107,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1148/Plate2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 13 North","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Larimer","city":"Fort Collins","otherGeospatial":"High Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.53333333333333,40.55 ], [ -105.53333333333333,40.75 ], [ -105.18333333333334,40.75 ], [ -105.18333333333334,40.55 ], [ -105.53333333333333,40.55 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ca8e4b0c8380cd7e7f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verdin, Kristine L. 0000-0002-6114-4660 kverdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":3070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"Kristine","email":"kverdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dupree, Jean A. dupree@usgs.gov","contributorId":2563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupree","given":"Jean","email":"dupree@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, John G. jelliott@usgs.gov","contributorId":832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"John","email":"jelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039168,"text":"fs20123101 - 2012 - Hydrologic conditions in Georgia, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T11:29:15","indexId":"fs20123101","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3101","title":"Hydrologic conditions in Georgia, 2010","docAbstract":"The United States Geological Survey (USGS) Georgia Water Science Center (GaWSC) maintains a long-term hydrologic monitoring network of more than 320 real-time streamgages, including 10 real-time lake-level monitoring stations and 63 real-time water-quality monitors. Additionally, the GaWSC operates more than 180 groundwater wells, 41 of which are real-time. One of the many benefits from this monitoring network is that the data analysis provides an overview of the hydrologic conditions of rivers, creeks, reservoirs, and aquifers in Georgia.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123101","usgsCitation":"Knaak, A.E., Ankcorn, P.D., and Peck, M., 2012, Hydrologic conditions in Georgia, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3101, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123101.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3101.jpg"},{"id":259101,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3101/pdf/fs2012-3101.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259100,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3101/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.810477,34.987607],[-83.619985,34.986592],[-83.620185,34.992091],[-83.108714,35.000768],[-83.1046,34.992783],[-83.106991,34.98272],[-83.120387,34.968406],[-83.12114,34.958966],[-83.127035,34.953778],[-83.120502,34.941262],[-83.122585,34.938062],[-83.12807,34.938113],[-83.140621,34.924915],[-83.153253,34.926342],[-83.160937,34.918269],[-83.168524,34.91788],[-83.186541,34.899534],[-83.203351,34.893717],[-83.201183,34.884653],[-83.205627,34.880142],[-83.213323,34.882796],[-83.220099,34.878124],[-83.23751,34.877057],[-83.238419,34.869771],[-83.245602,34.865522],[-83.255718,34.845592],[-83.267656,34.845289],[-83.268159,34.821393],[-83.275656,34.816862],[-83.289914,34.824477],[-83.294292,34.814725],[-83.301368,34.814154],[-83.301182,34.804008],[-83.313782,34.799911],[-83.323866,34.789712],[-83.320062,34.759616],[-83.348829,34.737194],[-83.353238,34.728648],[-83.349411,34.697575],[-83.339029,34.683807],[-83.321463,34.677543],[-83.316401,34.669316],[-83.304641,34.669561],[-83.292883,34.654196],[-83.27796,34.644853],[-83.255281,34.637696],[-83.240669,34.624507],[-83.243381,34.617997],[-83.23178,34.611297],[-83.169994,34.605444],[-83.170278,34.592398],[-83.154577,34.588198],[-83.152577,34.578299],[-83.122901,34.560129],[-83.103987,34.540166],[-83.103176,34.533406],[-83.084855,34.530967],[-83.078113,34.524837],[-83.086861,34.517798],[-83.069451,34.502131],[-83.054463,34.50289],[-83.034712,34.483495],[-83.002924,34.472132],[-82.99509,34.472483],[-82.992671,34.479072],[-82.979568,34.482702],[-82.960668,34.482002],[-82.954667,34.477302],[-82.940867,34.486102],[-82.922866,34.481402],[-82.902665,34.485902],[-82.876864,34.475303],[-82.873831,34.471508],[-82.876464,34.465803],[-82.862156,34.458748],[-82.855762,34.443977],[-82.835004,34.366069],[-82.795223,34.34096],[-82.780308,34.296701],[-82.746656,34.266407],[-82.74192,34.210063],[-82.732761,34.195338],[-82.730824,34.175906],[-82.717507,34.150504],[-82.70414,34.141007],[-82.67732,34.131657],[-82.659077,34.103544],[-82.641553,34.092212],[-82.64398,34.072237],[-82.635991,34.064941],[-82.626963,34.063457],[-82.609655,34.039917],[-82.596155,34.030517],[-82.589245,34.000118],[-82.57554,33.992049],[-82.579576,33.979761],[-82.569864,33.970684],[-82.556835,33.945353],[-82.543128,33.940949],[-82.526741,33.943765],[-82.51295,33.936969],[-82.492929,33.909754],[-82.455105,33.88165],[-82.422803,33.863754],[-82.403881,33.865477],[-82.371775,33.843813],[-82.32448,33.820033],[-82.300213,33.800627],[-82.298286,33.783518],[-82.285804,33.780058],[-82.247472,33.752591],[-82.239098,33.730872],[-82.234576,33.700216],[-82.200718,33.66464],[-82.196583,33.630582],[-82.186154,33.62088],[-82.174351,33.613117],[-82.158331,33.60971],[-82.142872,33.594278],[-82.12908,33.589925],[-82.116545,33.596485],[-82.10624,33.595637],[-82.096352,33.58407],[-82.046335,33.56383],[-82.033023,33.546454],[-82.001338,33.520135],[-81.985938,33.486536],[-81.926336,33.462937],[-81.913356,33.437418],[-81.926789,33.426576],[-81.919217,33.413126],[-81.9373,33.401259],[-81.925737,33.37114],[-81.930634,33.368165],[-81.939637,33.37254],[-81.946337,33.37064],[-81.944737,33.364041],[-81.934837,33.356041],[-81.939737,33.344941],[-81.917973,33.34159],[-81.919137,33.334442],[-81.909285,33.324181],[-81.898187,33.329664],[-81.884137,33.310443],[-81.875836,33.307443],[-81.870436,33.312943],[-81.847296,33.306783],[-81.849636,33.299544],[-81.861536,33.297944],[-81.863236,33.288844],[-81.838257,33.272975],[-81.838337,33.269098],[-81.847336,33.266345],[-81.852136,33.247544],[-81.827936,33.228746],[-81.811736,33.223847],[-81.805236,33.211447],[-81.784535,33.208147],[-81.778935,33.209847],[-81.778435,33.221847],[-81.768935,33.217447],[-81.758235,33.200248],[-81.760635,33.189248],[-81.772435,33.181249],[-81.763135,33.159449],[-81.743835,33.14145],[-81.704634,33.116451],[-81.683533,33.112651],[-81.646433,33.094552],[-81.614298,33.094661],[-81.609476,33.089862],[-81.610078,33.082883],[-81.600211,33.083966],[-81.600091,33.073497],[-81.583804,33.067021],[-81.57288,33.05418],[-81.562066,33.055568],[-81.558336,33.046183],[-81.54251,33.045254],[-81.540081,33.040613],[-81.513231,33.028546],[-81.492253,33.009342],[-81.494736,32.978998],[-81.499471,32.96478],[-81.506449,32.962423],[-81.508436,32.955765],[-81.499446,32.944988],[-81.502427,32.935353],[-81.483198,32.921802],[-81.479184,32.905638],[-81.464069,32.897814],[-81.479445,32.881082],[-81.45392,32.874074],[-81.453949,32.849761],[-81.444866,32.850967],[-81.426475,32.840773],[-81.417984,32.818196],[-81.423772,32.810514],[-81.428313,32.78311],[-81.421128,32.778039],[-81.426481,32.770291],[-81.417606,32.762684],[-81.410845,32.741694],[-81.418542,32.732586],[-81.421194,32.711978],[-81.427517,32.701896],[-81.4131,32.692648],[-81.41075,32.694772],[-81.401256,32.680156],[-81.405273,32.656517],[-81.393818,32.653491],[-81.403582,32.643398],[-81.407271,32.631737],[-81.413411,32.637368],[-81.41866,32.629392],[-81.389338,32.595436],[-81.380999,32.589652],[-81.369757,32.591231],[-81.366964,32.577059],[-81.328753,32.561228],[-81.29676,32.562648],[-81.281324,32.556464],[-81.275213,32.545202],[-81.277131,32.535417],[-81.252882,32.51833],[-81.237095,32.517314],[-81.234023,32.513778],[-81.238281,32.505988],[-81.233585,32.498488],[-81.200029,32.467985],[-81.186829,32.464086],[-81.203046,32.448844],[-81.201595,32.44136],[-81.207246,32.437542],[-81.20513,32.423788],[-81.177231,32.39169],[-81.181072,32.380398],[-81.169332,32.369436],[-81.170858,32.362722],[-81.155136,32.34717],[-81.144032,32.351093],[-81.133632,32.341293],[-81.135733,32.324594],[-81.122933,32.307295],[-81.121433,32.284496],[-81.145834,32.263397],[-81.155995,32.241478],[-81.136727,32.213669],[-81.128283,32.208634],[-81.118234,32.189201],[-81.119361,32.177142],[-81.129634,32.165602],[-81.123134,32.162902],[-81.120034,32.153303],[-81.117234,32.117605],[-81.113334,32.113205],[-81.093386,32.11123],[-81.066906,32.090351],[-81.050234,32.085308],[-81.032674,32.08545],[-81.011961,32.100176],[-81.002297,32.100048],[-80.983133,32.079609],[-80.954482,32.068622],[-80.922794,32.039151],[-80.885517,32.0346],[-80.859111,32.023693],[-80.852276,32.026676],[-80.84313,32.024226],[-80.840549,32.011306],[-80.848441,31.988279],[-80.862814,31.969346],[-80.897687,31.949065],[-80.911207,31.943769],[-80.929101,31.944964],[-80.930279,31.956705],[-80.948491,31.95723],[-80.972392,31.94127],[-80.975714,31.923602],[-80.968494,31.915822],[-80.934508,31.90918],[-80.99269,31.857641],[-81.000317,31.856744],[-81.014478,31.867474],[-81.041548,31.876198],[-81.065255,31.877095],[-81.05907,31.850106],[-81.076178,31.836132],[-81.075812,31.829031],[-81.057181,31.822687],[-81.039808,31.823],[-81.036873,31.812721],[-81.077057,31.761256],[-81.097402,31.753126],[-81.130634,31.722692],[-81.138448,31.720934],[-81.192784,31.733245],[-81.203572,31.719448],[-81.186303,31.701509],[-81.161084,31.691401],[-81.151888,31.698411],[-81.139394,31.699917],[-81.131137,31.695774],[-81.136408,31.674832],[-81.131728,31.654484],[-81.133493,31.623348],[-81.160364,31.570436],[-81.173079,31.555908],[-81.178822,31.55553],[-81.186114,31.568032],[-81.204315,31.568183],[-81.214536,31.557601],[-81.240699,31.552313],[-81.254218,31.55594],[-81.260076,31.54828],[-81.263905,31.532579],[-81.258809,31.52906],[-81.217948,31.527284],[-81.199518,31.537596],[-81.181592,31.527697],[-81.177254,31.517074],[-81.189643,31.503588],[-81.204883,31.473124],[-81.246911,31.422784],[-81.278798,31.367214],[-81.282923,31.326491],[-81.268027,31.324218],[-81.25482,31.315452],[-81.274688,31.289454],[-81.276862,31.254734],[-81.289136,31.225487],[-81.288403,31.211065],[-81.293359,31.206332],[-81.314183,31.207938],[-81.339028,31.186918],[-81.35488,31.167204],[-81.360791,31.155903],[-81.359349,31.149166],[-81.368241,31.136534],[-81.399677,31.134113],[-81.403732,31.107115],[-81.401267,31.072781],[-81.420474,31.016703],[-81.432475,31.012991],[-81.434923,31.017804],[-81.451444,31.015515],[-81.469298,30.996028],[-81.490586,30.984952],[-81.493651,30.977528],[-81.486966,30.969602],[-81.475789,30.965976],[-81.466814,30.97091],[-81.453568,30.965573],[-81.447388,30.956732],[-81.426929,30.956615],[-81.420108,30.974076],[-81.408484,30.977718],[-81.403409,30.957914],[-81.405153,30.908203],[-81.428577,30.836336],[-81.446927,30.81039],[-81.460061,30.769912],[-81.45947,30.741979],[-81.444124,30.709714],[-81.472597,30.713312],[-81.487332,30.726081],[-81.528278,30.723359],[-81.540923,30.713343],[-81.561706,30.715597],[-81.571419,30.721636],[-81.601206,30.728141],[-81.607667,30.721924],[-81.617663,30.722046],[-81.625098,30.733017],[-81.646137,30.727591],[-81.65177,30.732284],[-81.651723,30.740235],[-81.662173,30.746521],[-81.672824,30.738935],[-81.688925,30.741434],[-81.692815,30.7471],[-81.719927,30.744634],[-81.732227,30.749634],[-81.747572,30.766455],[-81.763372,30.77382],[-81.779171,30.768062],[-81.792769,30.784432],[-81.806652,30.789683],[-81.840375,30.786384],[-81.852626,30.794439],[-81.868608,30.792754],[-81.89572,30.821098],[-81.910926,30.815889],[-81.949787,30.827493],[-81.962175,30.818001],[-81.962534,30.796526],[-81.973856,30.778487],[-81.988605,30.780056],[-82.007865,30.792937],[-82.022866,30.787991],[-82.024035,30.783156],[-82.011597,30.763122],[-82.017917,30.755263],[-82.038967,30.749262],[-82.043795,30.729641],[-82.036426,30.706585],[-82.050432,30.676266],[-82.049507,30.655548],[-82.042271,30.649452],[-82.039941,30.637144],[-82.028499,30.621829],[-82.027338,30.606726],[-82.016503,30.602484],[-82.012109,30.593773],[-82.005477,30.563495],[-82.018361,30.531184],[-82.01477,30.513009],[-82.017779,30.475081],[-82.037209,30.434518],[-82.034005,30.422357],[-82.04199,30.403266],[-82.036825,30.377884],[-82.047917,30.363265],[-82.060034,30.360328],[-82.094687,30.360781],[-82.104834,30.368319],[-82.161757,30.357851],[-82.170054,30.358929],[-82.19294,30.378779],[-82.210291,30.42459],[-82.203975,30.444507],[-82.207708,30.460503],[-82.200938,30.474438],[-82.201416,30.485164],[-82.226933,30.510281],[-82.23582,30.537187],[-82.231916,30.55627],[-82.214385,30.566958],[-83.499876,30.645671],[-84.86346,30.711506],[-84.896122,30.750591],[-84.914322,30.753591],[-84.920123,30.76599],[-84.917423,30.77589],[-84.928323,30.79309],[-84.927923,30.80279],[-84.936042,30.820671],[-84.928335,30.844263],[-84.935256,30.854328],[-84.935413,30.882481],[-84.966726,30.917287],[-84.971026,30.928187],[-84.983127,30.934786],[-84.979627,30.954686],[-84.982527,30.965586],[-85.005931,30.97704],[-84.999428,31.013843],[-85.009409,31.032378],[-85.011392,31.053546],[-85.028573,31.074583],[-85.026068,31.08418],[-85.029736,31.096163],[-85.035615,31.108192],[-85.054677,31.120818],[-85.064028,31.142495],[-85.076628,31.156927],[-85.100207,31.16549],[-85.098426,31.17777],[-85.106503,31.185305],[-85.106963,31.202693],[-85.09977,31.209751],[-85.096763,31.225651],[-85.111711,31.258022],[-85.114548,31.276302],[-85.110309,31.281733],[-85.099107,31.284165],[-85.089774,31.295026],[-85.084152,31.328313],[-85.088983,31.334292],[-85.085918,31.353146],[-85.09099,31.354428],[-85.092487,31.362881],[-85.078641,31.39636],[-85.079978,31.410472],[-85.074762,31.424879],[-85.06697,31.428594],[-85.071621,31.468384],[-85.045642,31.516813],[-85.047196,31.528671],[-85.041305,31.540987],[-85.05796,31.57084],[-85.055976,31.605178],[-85.060418,31.611271],[-85.057473,31.618624],[-85.082829,31.637967],[-85.083545,31.656071],[-85.092429,31.659966],[-85.12553,31.694965],[-85.12653,31.716764],[-85.11913,31.730964],[-85.129231,31.758663],[-85.12523,31.767063],[-85.140431,31.779663],[-85.132231,31.795162],[-85.131331,31.817562],[-85.141831,31.839261],[-85.138331,31.844161],[-85.140131,31.858761],[-85.128831,31.87636],[-85.132931,31.89306],[-85.114031,31.89336],[-85.10803,31.90516],[-85.112731,31.909859],[-85.07893,31.940159],[-85.08683,31.957758],[-85.067829,31.967358],[-85.07093,31.981658],[-85.068098,31.991857],[-85.064544,32.002489],[-85.053815,32.013502],[-85.05883,32.046656],[-85.055491,32.072657],[-85.047063,32.090433],[-85.06206,32.132486],[-85.045593,32.143758],[-85.011267,32.180493],[-84.966828,32.193952],[-84.966346,32.208034],[-84.957057,32.21671],[-84.925427,32.221551],[-84.912488,32.247463],[-84.890894,32.261504],[-84.9338,32.29826],[-85.001874,32.322015],[-85.007103,32.328362],[-85.004582,32.345196],[-84.983466,32.363186],[-84.976767,32.392648],[-84.981098,32.402833],[-84.979431,32.412244],[-84.96343,32.422544],[-84.967031,32.435343],[-84.971831,32.442843],[-84.995331,32.453243],[-84.998231,32.469842],[-84.994831,32.486042],[-85.0071,32.523868],[-85.015805,32.528428],[-85.022509,32.542923],[-85.067535,32.579546],[-85.076399,32.594665],[-85.08224,32.616264],[-85.088319,32.623032],[-85.087294,32.634407],[-85.098259,32.642708],[-85.089736,32.655635],[-85.093536,32.669734],[-85.114737,32.685634],[-85.122738,32.715727],[-85.1202,32.737647],[-85.138101,32.753836],[-85.133275,32.780609],[-85.167939,32.811612],[-85.168342,32.828516],[-85.159309,32.841382],[-85.160792,32.848466],[-85.177127,32.853895],[-85.1844,32.861317],[-85.42947,34.125096],[-85.561416,34.750079],[-85.605165,34.984678],[-84.810477,34.987607]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Georgia\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3591e4b0c8380cd60021","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knaak, Andrew E. 0000-0003-1813-8959 aknaak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1813-8959","contributorId":3123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knaak","given":"Andrew","email":"aknaak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ankcorn, Paul D. pankcorn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ankcorn","given":"Paul","email":"pankcorn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peck, Michael F. mfpeck@usgs.gov","contributorId":1467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Michael F.","email":"mfpeck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039166,"text":"sir20125113 - 2012 - Methods for determining magnitude and frequency of floods in California, based on data through water year 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-24T01:01:47","indexId":"sir20125113","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5113","title":"Methods for determining magnitude and frequency of floods in California, based on data through water year 2006","docAbstract":"Methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in California that are not substantially affected by regulation or diversions have been updated. Annual peak-flow data through water year 2006 were analyzed for 771 streamflow-gaging stations (streamgages) in California having 10 or more years of data. Flood-frequency estimates were computed for the streamgages by using the expected moments algorithm to fit a Pearson Type III distribution to logarithms of annual peak flows for each streamgage. Low-outlier and historic information were incorporated into the flood-frequency analysis, and a generalized Grubbs-Beck test was used to detect multiple potentially influential low outliers. Special methods for fitting the distribution were developed for streamgages in the desert region in southeastern California. Additionally, basin characteristics for the streamgages were computed by using a geographical information system.\r\nRegional regression analysis, using generalized least squares regression, was used to develop a set of equations for estimating flows with 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities for ungaged basins in California that are outside of the southeastern desert region. Flood-frequency estimates and basin characteristics for 630 streamgages were combined to form the final database used in the regional regression analysis. Five hydrologic regions were developed for the area of California outside of the desert region. The final regional regression equations are functions of drainage area and mean annual precipitation for four of the five regions. In one region, the Sierra Nevada region, the final equations are functions of drainage area, mean basin elevation, and mean annual precipitation. Average standard errors of prediction for the regression equations in all five regions range from 42.7 to 161.9 percent.\r\nFor the desert region of California, an analysis of 33 streamgages was used to develop regional estimates of all three parameters (mean, standard deviation, and skew) of the log-Pearson Type III distribution. The regional estimates were then used to develop a set of equations for estimating flows with 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities for ungaged basins. The final regional regression equations are functions of drainage area. Average standard errors of prediction for these regression equations range from 214.2 to 856.2 percent.\r\nAnnual peak-flow data through water year 2006 were analyzed for eight streamgages in California having 10 or more years of data considered to be affected by urbanization. Flood-frequency estimates were computed for the urban streamgages by fitting a Pearson Type III distribution to logarithms of annual peak flows for each streamgage. Regression analysis could not be used to develop flood-frequency estimation equations for urban streams because of the limited number of sites. Flood-frequency estimates for the eight urban sites were graphically compared to flood-frequency estimates for 630 non-urban sites.\r\nThe regression equations developed from this study will be incorporated into the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) StreamStats program. The StreamStats program is a Web-based application that provides streamflow statistics and basin characteristics for USGS streamgages and ungaged sites of interest. StreamStats can also compute basin characteristics and provide estimates of streamflow statistics for ungaged sites when users select the location of a site along any stream in California.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125113","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Gotvald, A.J., Barth, N.A., Veilleux, A.G., and Parrett, C., 2012, Methods for determining magnitude and frequency of floods in California, based on data through water year 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5113, vi, 30 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125113.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5113.jpg"},{"id":259098,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5113/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259099,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5113/pdf/sir2012-5113.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55aee4b0c8380cd6d269","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gotvald, Anthony J. 0000-0002-9019-750X agotvald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-750X","contributorId":1970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotvald","given":"Anthony","email":"agotvald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barth, Nancy A. nabarth@usgs.gov","contributorId":3276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barth","given":"Nancy","email":"nabarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Veilleux, Andrea G. aveilleux@usgs.gov","contributorId":4404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veilleux","given":"Andrea","email":"aveilleux@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70039135,"text":"tm4F3 - 2012 - TracerLPM (Version 1): An Excel&reg; workbook for interpreting groundwater age distributions from environmental tracer data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-17T19:04:09.341631","indexId":"tm4F3","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"4-F3","title":"TracerLPM (Version 1): An Excel&reg; workbook for interpreting groundwater age distributions from environmental tracer data","docAbstract":"TracerLPM is an interactive Excel&reg; (2007 or later) workbook program for evaluating groundwater age distributions from environmental tracer data by using lumped parameter models (LPMs). Lumped parameter models are mathematical models of transport based on simplified aquifer geometry and flow configurations that account for effects of hydrodynamic dispersion or mixing within the aquifer, well bore, or discharge area. Five primary LPMs are included in the workbook: piston-flow model (PFM), exponential mixing model (EMM), exponential piston-flow model (EPM), partial exponential model (PEM), and dispersion model (DM). Binary mixing models (BMM) can be created by combining primary LPMs in various combinations. Travel time through the unsaturated zone can be included as an additional parameter. TracerLPM also allows users to enter age distributions determined from other methods, such as particle tracking results from numerical groundwater-flow models or from other LPMs not included in this program. Tracers of both young groundwater (anthropogenic atmospheric gases and isotopic substances indicating post-1940s recharge) and much older groundwater (carbon-14 and helium-4) can be interpreted simultaneously so that estimates of the groundwater age distribution for samples with a wide range of ages can be constrained. TracerLPM is organized to permit a comprehensive interpretive approach consisting of hydrogeologic conceptualization, visual examination of data and models, and best-fit parameter estimation. Groundwater age distributions can be evaluated by comparing measured and modeled tracer concentrations in two ways: (1) multiple tracers analyzed simultaneously can be evaluated against each other for concordance with modeled concentrations (tracer-tracer application) or (2) tracer time-series data can be evaluated for concordance with modeled trends (tracer-time application). Groundwater-age estimates can also be obtained for samples with a single tracer measurement at one point in time; however, prior knowledge of an appropriate LPM is required because the mean age is often non-unique. LPM output concentrations depend on model parameters and sample date. All of the LPMs have a parameter for mean age. The EPM, PEM, and DM have an additional parameter that characterizes the degree of age mixing in the sample. BMMs have a parameter for the fraction of the first component in the mixture. An LPM, together with its parameter values, provides a description of the age distribution or the fractional contribution of water for every age of recharge contained within a sample. For the PFM, the age distribution is a unit pulse at one distinct age. For the other LPMs, the age distribution can be much broader and span decades, centuries, millennia, or more. For a sample with a mixture of groundwater ages, the reported interpretation of tracer data includes the LPM name, the mean age, and the values of any other independent model parameters. TracerLPM also can be used for simulating the responses of wells, springs, streams, or other groundwater discharge receptors to nonpoint-source contaminants that are introduced in recharge, such as nitrate. This is done by combining an LPM or user-defined age distribution with information on contaminant loading at the water table. Information on historic contaminant loading can be used to help evaluate a model's ability to match real world conditions and understand observed contaminant trends, while information on future contaminant loading scenarios can be used to forecast potential contaminant trends.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm4F3","collaboration":"National Research Program; National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Jurgens, B., Böhlke, J., and Eberts, S., 2012, TracerLPM (Version 1): An Excel&reg; workbook for interpreting groundwater age distributions from environmental tracer data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 4-F3, viii, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm4F3.","productDescription":"viii, 60 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259039,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/4-f3/pdf/tm4-F3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259056,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_4_f3.jpg"},{"id":259038,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/4-f3/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb68be4b08c986b326d21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":22454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. smeberts@usgs.gov","contributorId":2264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra M.","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039117,"text":"70039117 - 2012 - Hatching and fledging times from grassland passerine nests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T12:27:32","indexId":"70039117","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5103,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","printIssn":"0197-9922","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"seriesNumber":"43","chapter":"4","title":"Hatching and fledging times from grassland passerine nests","docAbstract":"<p><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Accurate estimates of fledging age are needed in field studies to avoid inducing premature fledging or missing the fledging event. Both may lead to misinterpretation of nest fate. Correctly assessing nest fate and length of the nestling period can be critical for accurate calculation of nest survival rates. For researchers who mark nestlings, knowing the age at which their activities may cause young to leave nests prematurely could prevent introducing bias to their studies. We obtained estimates of fledging age using data from grassland bird nests monitored from hatching through fledging with video-surveillance systems in North Dakota and Minnesota during 1996&amp;ndash;2001. We compared these values to those obtained from traditional nest visits and from available literature. Mean and modal fledging ages for video-monitored nests were generally similar to those for visited nests, although Clay-colored Sparrows (Spizella pallida) typically fledged 1 day earlier from visited nests. Average fledging ages from both video and nest visits occurred within ranges reported in the literature, but expanded by 1&amp;ndash;2 days the upper age limit for Clay-colored Sparrows and the lower age limit for Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). Video showed that eggs hatched throughout the day whereas most young fledged in the morning (06:30&amp;ndash;12:30 CDT). Length of the hatching period for a clutch was usually >1 day and was positively correlated with clutch size. Length of the fledging period for a brood was usually <1 day, and in nearly half the nests, fledging was completed within <2 hr. Video surveillance has proven to be a useful tool for providing new information and for corroborating published statements related to hatching and fledging chronology. Comparison of data collected from video and nest visits showed that carefully conducted nest visits generally can provide reliable data for deriving estimates of survival.&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:8403202,&quot;4&quot;:[null,2,16777215],&quot;11&quot;:4,&quot;14&quot;:[null,2,0],&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Inconsolata, monospace, arial, sans, sans-serif&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:11,&quot;26&quot;:400}\" data-sheets-formula=\"=VLOOKUP(R[0]C[-5],Fixed!R2C[-6]:C[-4],3,false)\">Accurate estimates of fledging age are needed in field studies to avoid inducing premature fledging or missing the fledging event. Both may lead to misinterpretation of nest fate. Correctly assessing nest fate and length of the nestling period can be critical for accurate calculation of nest survival rates. For researchers who mark nestlings, knowing the age at which their activities may cause young to leave nests prematurely could prevent introducing bias to their studies. We obtained estimates of fledging age using data from grassland bird nests monitored from hatching through fledging with video-surveillance systems in North Dakota and Minnesota during 1996&amp;ndash;2001. We compared these values to those obtained from traditional nest visits and from available literature. Mean and modal fledging ages for video-monitored nests were generally similar to those for visited nests, although Clay-colored Sparrows (Spizella pallida) typically fledged 1 day earlier from visited nests. Average fledging ages from both video and nest visits occurred within ranges reported in the literature, but expanded by 1&amp;ndash;2 days the upper age limit for Clay-colored Sparrows and the lower age limit for Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). Video showed that eggs hatched throughout the day whereas most young fledged in the morning (06:30&amp;ndash;12:30 CDT). Length of the hatching period for a clutch was usually &gt;1 day and was positively correlated with clutch size. Length of the fledging period for a brood was usually &lt;1 day, and in nearly half the nests, fledging was completed within &lt;2 hr. Video surveillance has proven to be a useful tool for providing new information and for corroborating published statements related to hatching and fledging chronology. Comparison of data collected from video and nest visits showed that carefully conducted nest visits generally can provide reliable data for deriving estimates of survival.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Video surveillance of nesting birds (Studies in Avian Biology no. 43)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","isbn":"9780520273139","usgsCitation":"Pietz, P., Granfors, D.A., and Grant, T.A., 2012, Hatching and fledging times from grassland passerine nests, chap. 4 <i>of</i> Video surveillance of nesting birds (Studies in Avian Biology no. 43): Studies in Avian Biology, v. 43, p. 47-60.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"60","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259074,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520273139","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"43","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f86e4b0c8380cd5ce76","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ribic, Christine A. caribic@usgs.gov","contributorId":831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":509024,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Frank R. III","contributorId":12608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Frank","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509026,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pietz, Pamela J. ppietz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietz","given":"Pamela J.","email":"ppietz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":509025,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Pietz, Pamela J. ppietz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietz","given":"Pamela J.","email":"ppietz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granfors, Diane A.","contributorId":174567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Granfors","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, Todd A.","contributorId":194194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039128,"text":"ofr20111044 - 2012 - Preliminary surficial geologic map of the Newberry Springs 30' x 60' quadrangle, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T20:06:14.07065","indexId":"ofr20111044","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1044","title":"Preliminary surficial geologic map of the Newberry Springs 30' x 60' quadrangle, California","docAbstract":"The Newberry Springs 30' x 60' quadrangle is located in the central Mojave Desert of southern California. It is split approximately into northern and southern halves by I-40, with the city of Barstow at its western edge and the town of Ludlow near its eastern edge. The map area spans lat 34&deg;30 to 35&deg; N. to long -116 &deg;to -117&deg; W. and covers over 1,000 km<super>2</super>. We integrate the results of surficial geologic mapping conducted during 2002-2005 with compilations of previous surficial mapping and bedrock geologic mapping. Quaternary units are subdivided in detail on the map to distinguish variations in age, process of formation, pedogenesis, lithology, and spatial interdependency, whereas pre-Quaternary bedrock units are grouped into generalized assemblages that emphasize their attributes as hillslope-forming materials and sources of parent material for the Quaternary units. The spatial information in this publication is presented in two forms: a spatial database and a geologic map. The geologic map is a <i>view</i> (the display of an extracted subset of the database at a given time) of the spatial database; it highlights key aspects of the database and necessarily does not show all of the data contained therein. The database contains detailed information about Quaternary geologic unit composition, authorship, and notes regarding geologic units, faults, contacts, and local vegetation. The amount of information contained in the database is too large to show on a single map, so a restricted subset of the information was chosen to summarize the overall nature of the geology. Refer to the database for additional information. Accompanying the spatial data are the map documentation and spatial metadata. The map documentation (this document) describes the geologic setting and history of the Newberry Springs map sheet, summarizes the age and physical character of each map unit, and describes principal faults and folds. The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) compliant metadata provides detailed information about the digital files and file structure of the spatial data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111044","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G.A., Bedford, D.R., Lidke, D., Miller, D., and Schmidt, K., 2012, Preliminary surficial geologic map of the Newberry Springs 30' x 60' quadrangle, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1044, Pamplet: v, 68 p.; 1 Plate: 66 x 32 inches; Readme; Metadata; GIS Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111044.","productDescription":"Pamplet: v, 68 p.; 1 Plate: 66 x 32 inches; Readme; Metadata; GIS Database","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1044.JPG"},{"id":398866,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_97108.htm"},{"id":259029,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259030,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1044/OFR2011-1044_pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259031,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1044/OFR2011-1044_sheet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 11","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Newberry Springs 30' x 60' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117,34.5 ], [ -117,35 ], [ -116,35 ], [ -116,34.5 ], [ -117,34.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ad7e4b0c8380cd7e10d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, G. A.","contributorId":67107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedford, D. R.","contributorId":9734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedford","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lidke, D. J.","contributorId":10857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidke","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, D. M. 0000-0003-3711-0441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":104422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmidt, K. M. 0000-0003-2365-8035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":59830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70039116,"text":"sir20125129 - 2012 - Fate and transport of cyanobacteria and associated toxins and taste-and-odor compounds from upstream reservoir releases in the Kansas River, Kansas, September and October 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-20T01:01:46","indexId":"sir20125129","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5129","title":"Fate and transport of cyanobacteria and associated toxins and taste-and-odor compounds from upstream reservoir releases in the Kansas River, Kansas, September and October 2011","docAbstract":"Cyanobacteria cause a multitude of water-quality concerns, including the potential to produce toxins and taste-and-odor compounds. Toxins and taste-and-odor compounds may cause substantial economic and public health concerns and are of particular interest in lakes, reservoirs, and rivers that are used for drinking-water supply, recreation, or aquaculture. The Kansas River is a primary source of drinking water for about 800,000 people in northeastern Kansas. Water released from Milford Lake to the Kansas River during a toxic cyanobacterial bloom in late August 2011 prompted concerns about cyanobacteria and associated toxins and taste-and-odor compounds in downstream drinking-water supplies. During September and October 2011 water-quality samples were collected to characterize the transport of cyanobacteria and associated compounds from upstream reservoirs to the Kansas River. This study is one of the first to quantitatively document the transport of cyanobacteria and associated compounds during reservoir releases and improves understanding of the fate and transport of cyanotoxins and taste-and-odor compounds downstream from reservoirs. Milford Lake was the only reservoir in the study area with an ongoing cyanobacterial bloom during reservoir releases. Concentrations of cyanobacteria and associated toxins and taste-and-odor compounds in Milford Lake (upstream from the dam) were not necessarily indicative of outflow conditions (below the dam). Total microcystin concentrations, one of the most commonly occurring cyanobacterial toxins, in Milford Lake were 650 to 7,500 times higher than the Kansas Department of Health and Environment guidance level for a public health warning (20 micrograms per liter) for most of September 2011. By comparison, total microcystin concentrations in the Milford Lake outflow generally were less than 10 percent of the concentrations in surface accumulations, and never exceeded 20 micrograms per liter. The Republican River, downstream from Milford Lake, was the only Kansas River tributary with detectable microcystin concentrations throughout the study period, and concentrations exceeded 1 microgram per liter for most of September 2011. Microcystin was detected periodically in other tributaries, but concentrations were low (less than 0.3 micrograms per liter). In contrast, the taste-and-odor compounds geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) were detected in all tributaries located immediately downstream from reservoirs and total concentrations generally exceeded the human detection threshold (5 to 10 nanograms per liter) from September through mid-October. Microcystin, geosmin, and MIB were not detected in the Smoky Hill River upstream from the confluence with the Republican River that forms the Kansas River. Within a week after initial reservoir releases, microcystin, geosmin, and MIB were detected throughout a 173-mile reach of the Kansas River; these compounds remained detectable throughout the reach until mid-October. Losses to groundwater when streamflows in the Kansas River were increasing indicate the potential for reservoir releases to affect groundwater quality as well as surface-water quality. Total microcystin concentrations in the Kansas River generally were highest within about 24 miles of the confluence of the Smoky Hill and Republican Rivers, and decreased downstream; concentrations exceeded 1 microgram per liter in the Kansas River upstream from Topeka during the first 2 weeks of September. Patterns in microcystin occurrence and concentration at Kansas River tributary and main-stem sites indicate that Milford Lake was the source of microcystin in the Kansas River; however, the source of taste-and-odor compounds was not as evident, possibly because multiple tributaries contributed taste-and-odor compounds to the Kansas River. Microcystin and taste-and-odor compounds co-occurred in 56 percent of samples collected, indicating co-occurrence was common. Despite frequent co-occurrence, the spatial and temporal patterns in microcystin, geosmin, and MIB were unique and did not necessarily match patterns in cyanobacterial abundance. Use of a single compound or cyanobacterial abundance alone cannot necessarily be used as an indicator of the presence or concentration of these compounds. Measured concentrations of cyanobacteria and associated compounds were substantially higher than expected concentrations based on simple dilution models at some sites and substantially lower at others, though spatial and temporal patterns were unique for individual compounds. Data were not collected in such a way to determine whether differences between measured and expected concentrations were statistically significant. Results, however, indicate that simple dilution models were not sufficient to describe the downstream transport of cyanobacteria and associated compounds in the Kansas River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125129","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Lawrence, the City of Topeka, Johnson County WaterOne, the Kansas Water Office, and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment","usgsCitation":"Graham, J.L., Ziegler, A., Loving, B.L., and Loftin, K.A., 2012, Fate and transport of cyanobacteria and associated toxins and taste-and-odor compounds from upstream reservoir releases in the Kansas River, Kansas, September and October 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5129, vi, 65 p.; appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125129.","productDescription":"vi, 65 p.; appendices","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5129.JPG"},{"id":259016,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5129/sir2012-5129.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259014,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal-area Conic","country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Kansas River;Milford Lake;Republican River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.5,38.5 ], [ -97.5,40 ], [ -94.75,40 ], [ -94.75,38.5 ], [ -97.5,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f08e4b0c8380cd5371c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loving, Brian L. bloving@usgs.gov","contributorId":4565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loving","given":"Brian","email":"bloving@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70039113,"text":"ofr20121121 - 2012 - Thermal and hydrological observations near Twelvemile Lake in discontinuous permafrost, Yukon Flats, interior Alaska, September 2010-August 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:50:30","indexId":"ofr20121121","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1121","title":"Thermal and hydrological observations near Twelvemile Lake in discontinuous permafrost, Yukon Flats, interior Alaska, September 2010-August 2011","docAbstract":"A series of ground-based observations were made between September 2010 and August 2011 near Twelvemile Lake, 19 kilometers southwest of Fort Yukon, Alaska, for use in ongoing hydrological analyses of watersheds in this region of discontinuous permafrost. Measurements include depth to ground ice, depth to water table, soil texture, soil moisture, soil temperature, and water pressure above the permafrost table. In the drained basin of subsiding Twelvemile Lake, we generally find an absence of newly formed permafrost and an undetectable slope of the water table; however, a sloping water table was observed in the low-lying channels extending into and away from the lake watershed. Datasets for these observations are summarized in this report and can be accessed by clicking on the links in each section or from the Downloads folder of the report Web page.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121121","usgsCitation":"Jepsen, S.M., Koch, J.C., Rose, J.R., Voss, C.I., and Walvoord, M.A., 2012, Thermal and hydrological observations near Twelvemile Lake in discontinuous permafrost, Yukon Flats, interior Alaska, September 2010-August 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1121, iv, 25 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121121.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1121.JPG"},{"id":259008,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1121/OF12-1121.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259007,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1121/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Buddy Lake;Twelvemile Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -145.6,66.41666666666667 ], [ -145.6,66.48333333333333 ], [ -145.33333333333334,66.48333333333333 ], [ -145.33333333333334,66.41666666666667 ], [ -145.6,66.41666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb20ee4b08c986b325586","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jepsen, Steven M. sjepsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jepsen","given":"Steven","email":"sjepsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koch, Joshua C. 0000-0001-7180-6982 jkoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-6982","contributorId":202532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Joshua","email":"jkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, Joshua R.","contributorId":90147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70190224,"text":"70190224 - 2012 - Effects of chronic wasting disease on reproduction and fawn harvest vulnerability in Wisconsin white-tailed deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-20T09:59:43","indexId":"70190224","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of chronic wasting disease on reproduction and fawn harvest vulnerability in Wisconsin white-tailed deer","docAbstract":"<p><span>Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that affects free-ranging and captive North American cervids. Although the impacts of CWD on cervid survival have been documented, little is known about the disease impacts on reproduction and recruitment. We used genetic methods and harvest data (2002–04) to reconstruct parentage for a cohort of white-tailed deer (</span><i>Odocoileus virginianus</i><span>) fawns born in spring 2002 and evaluate the effects of CWD infection on reproduction and fawn harvest vulnerability. There was no difference between CWD-positive and CWD-negative male deer in the probability of being a parent. However, CWD-positive females were more likely to be parents than CWD-negative females. Because our results are based on harvested animals, we evaluated the hypothesis that higher parentage rates occurred because fawns with CWD-positive mothers were more vulnerable to harvest. Male fawns with CWD-positive mothers were harvested earlier (&gt;1 mo relative to their mother’s date of harvest) and farther away from their mothers than male fawns with CWD-negative mothers. Male fawns with CWD-positive mothers were also harvested much earlier and farther away than female fawns from CWD-positive mothers. Most female fawns (86%) with CWD-positive mothers were harvested from the same section as their mothers, while almost half of male and female fawns with CWD-negative mothers were farther away. We conclude that preclinical stages of CWD infection do not prohibit white-tailed deer from successfully reproducing. However, apparently higher harvest vulnerability of male fawns with CWD-positive mothers suggests that CWD infection may make females less capable of providing adequate parental care to ensure the survival and recruitment of their fawns.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-48.2.361","usgsCitation":"Blanchong, J.A., Grear, D.A., Weckworth, B.V., Keane, D.P., Scribner, K.T., and Samuel, M.D., 2012, Effects of chronic wasting disease on reproduction and fawn harvest vulnerability in Wisconsin white-tailed deer: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 48, no. 2, p. 361-370, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-48.2.361.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"370","ipdsId":"IP-028429","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-48.2.361","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344974,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599a9fb7e4b0b589267d58bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blanchong, Julie A.","contributorId":6030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanchong","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13018,"text":"Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grear, Daniel A. 0000-0002-5478-1549 dgrear@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-1549","contributorId":149047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grear","given":"Daniel","email":"dgrear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":708086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weckworth, Byron V.","contributorId":195766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weckworth","given":"Byron","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keane, Delwyn P.","contributorId":195767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keane","given":"Delwyn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":708089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70039119,"text":"ofr20121139 - 2012 - Airborne digital-image data for monitoring the Colorado River corridor below Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, 2009 - Image-mosaic production and comparison with 2002 and 2005 image mosaics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-21T01:01:57","indexId":"ofr20121139","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1139","title":"Airborne digital-image data for monitoring the Colorado River corridor below Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, 2009 - Image-mosaic production and comparison with 2002 and 2005 image mosaics","docAbstract":"Airborne digital-image data were collected for the Arizona part of the Colorado River ecosystem below Glen Canyon Dam in 2009. These four-band image data are similar in wavelength band (blue, green, red, and near infrared) and spatial resolution (20 centimeters) to image collections of the river corridor in 2002 and 2005. These periodic image collections are used by the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) of the U.S. Geological Survey to monitor the effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations on the downstream ecosystem. The 2009 collection used the latest model of the Leica ADS40 airborne digital sensor (the SH52), which uses a single optic for all four bands and collects and stores band radiance in 12-bits, unlike the image sensors that GCMRC used in 2002 and 2005. This study examined the performance of the SH52 sensor, on the basis of the collected image data, and determined that the SH52 sensor provided superior data relative to the previously employed sensors (that is, an early ADS40 model and Zeiss Imaging's Digital Mapping Camera) in terms of band-image registration, dynamic range, saturation, linearity to ground reflectance, and noise level. The 2009 image data were provided as orthorectified segments of each flightline to constrain the size of the image files; each river segment was covered by 5 to 6 overlapping, linear flightlines. Most flightline images for each river segment had some surface-smear defects and some river segments had cloud shadows, but these two conditions did not generally coincide in the majority of the overlapping flightlines for a particular river segment. Therefore, the final image mosaic for the 450-kilometer (km)-long river corridor required careful selection and editing of numerous flightline segments (a total of 513 segments, each 3.2 km long) to minimize surface defects and cloud shadows. The final image mosaic has a total of only 3 km of surface defects. The final image mosaic for the western end of the corridor has areas of cloud shadow because of persistent inclement weather during data collection. This report presents visual comparisons of the 2002, 2005, and 2009 digital-image mosaics for various physical, biological, and cultural resources within the Colorado River ecosystem. All of the comparisons show the superior quality of the 2009 image data. In fact, the 2009 four-band image mosaic is perhaps the best image dataset that exists for the entire Arizona part of the Colorado River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121139","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Western Area Power Authority and the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., 2012, Airborne digital-image data for monitoring the Colorado River corridor below Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, 2009 - Image-mosaic production and comparison with 2002 and 2005 image mosaics: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1139, vi, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121139.","productDescription":"vi, 82 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1139.JPG"},{"id":259017,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259018,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1139/of2012-1139.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,35 ], [ -114,37 ], [ -111,37 ], [ -111,35 ], [ -114,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e91de4b0c8380cd480e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039045,"text":"70039045 - 2012 - Cyclic biogeochemical processes and nitrogen fate beneath a subtropical stormwater infiltration basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-19T01:01:49","indexId":"70039045","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyclic biogeochemical processes and nitrogen fate beneath a subtropical stormwater infiltration basin","docAbstract":"A stormwater infiltration basin in north&ndash;central Florida, USA, was monitored from 2007 through 2008 to identify subsurface biogeochemical processes, with emphasis on N cycling, under the highly variable hydrologic conditions common in humid, subtropical climates. Cyclic variations in biogeochemical processes generally coincided with wet and dry hydrologic conditions. Oxidizing conditions in the subsurface persisted for about one month or less at the beginning of wet periods with dissolved O<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>3</sub>- showing similar temporal patterns. Reducing conditions in the subsurface evolved during prolonged flooding of the basin. At about the same time O<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>3</sub>- reduction concluded, Mn, Fe and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup>- reduction began, with the onset of methanogenesis one month later. Reducing conditions persisted up to six months, continuing into subsequent dry periods until the next major oxidizing infiltration event. Evidence of denitrification in shallow groundwater at the site is supported by median NO<sub>3</sub>-&ndash;N less than 0.016 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, excess N<sub>2</sub> up to 3 mg L<sup>-1</sup> progressively enriched in &delta;<sup>15</sup>N during prolonged basin flooding, and isotopically heavy &delta;<sup>15</sup>N and &delta;<sup>18</sup>O of NO<sub>3</sub>- (up to 25&permil; and 15&permil;, respectively). Isotopic enrichment of newly infiltrated stormwater suggests denitrification was partially completed within two days. Soil and water chemistry data suggest that a biogeochemically active zone exists in the upper 1.4 m of soil, where organic carbon was the likely electron donor supplied by organic matter in soil solids or dissolved in infiltrating stormwater. The cyclic nature of reducing conditions effectively controlled the N cycle, switching N fate beneath the basin from NO<sub>3</sub>- leaching to reduction in the shallow saturated zone. Results can inform design of functionalized soil amendments that could replace the native soil in a stormwater infiltration basin and mitigate potential NO<sub>3</sub>- leaching to groundwater by replicating the biogeochemical conditions under the observed basin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2012.03.005","usgsCitation":"O’Reilly, A.M., Chang, N., and Wanielista, M.P., 2012, Cyclic biogeochemical processes and nitrogen fate beneath a subtropical stormwater infiltration basin: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 133, p. 53-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2012.03.005.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"75","costCenters":[{"id":287,"text":"Florida Water Science Center-Orlando","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501645,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2010/3101","text":"External Repository"},{"id":258996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258987,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2012.03.005","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"133","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd22e4b0c8380cd4e655","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Reilly, Andrew M. 0000-0003-3220-1248 aoreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-1248","contributorId":2184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"Andrew","email":"aoreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, Ni-Bin","contributorId":20205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"Ni-Bin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12564,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Central Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":465516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanielista, Martin P.","contributorId":62069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wanielista","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12564,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Central Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":465517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}