Beginning around 2000, abundance indices of four pelagic fishes (delta smelt, striped bass, longfin smelt, and threadfin shad) within the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta began to decline sharply (Sommer and others, 2007). These declines collectively became known as the pelagic organism decline (POD). No single cause has been linked to this decline, and current theories suggest that combinations of multiple stressors are likely to blame. Contaminants (including current-use pesticides) are one potential stressor being investigated for its role in the POD (Anderson, 2007). Pesticide concentration data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at multiple sites in the delta region over the past two decades are critical to understanding the potential effects of current-use pesticides on species of concern as well as the overall health of the delta ecosystem. In April 2010, a compilation of contaminant data for the delta region was published by the State Water Resources Control Board (Johnson and others, 2010). Pesticide occurrence was the major focus of this report, which concluded that “there was insufficient high quality data available to make conclusions about the potential role of specific contaminants in the POD.” The report cited multiple sources; however, data collected by the USGS were not included in the publication even though these data met all criteria listed for inclusion in the report. What follows is a summary of publicly available USGS data for pesticide concentrations in surface water and sediments within the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta region from the years 1990 through 2010. Data were retrieved though the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) database, a publicly available online-data repository (U.S. Geological Survey, 1998), and from published USGS reports (also available online at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/). The majority of the data were collected in support of two long term USGS monitoring programs—National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA; http://water.usgs.gov/ nawqa/) and National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN; http://water.usgs.gov/nasqan/)—and through projects associated with the USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program (http://toxics.usgs.gov/). In addition, data were collected during multiple research projects that were supported by various federal, state, and local agencies. Although these data have been previously published in some form, it is hoped that by focusing on samples collected within the delta region and presenting these data in a concise format, they will be a valuable resource for scientists, resource managers, and members of the public working to understand the role of pesticides in the POD and their potential effects on the overall health of the delta ecosystem.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds756","usgsCitation":"Orlando, J., 2013, A compilation of U.S. Geological Survey pesticide concentration data for water and sediment in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta region: 1990–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 756, Report: v, 48 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds756.","productDescription":"Report: v, 48 p.; Appendixes","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds756.jpg"},{"id":270595,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/756/ds756_appendixes.xlsx"},{"id":270593,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/756/"},{"id":270594,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/756/pdf/ds756.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-san Joaquin Delta Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.47695922851562,\n 37.80327385185868\n ],\n [\n -122.47695922851562,\n 38.381498197198816\n ],\n [\n -121.48818969726561,\n 38.591113776147445\n ],\n [\n -121.05697631835938,\n 38.052416771864834\n ],\n [\n -121.53762817382814,\n 37.80327385185868\n ],\n [\n -122.47695922851562,\n 37.80327385185868\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515fe720e4b03707eea09cfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orlando, James L. 0000-0002-0099-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-7221","contributorId":95954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"James L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045247,"text":"ofr20131080 - 2013 - Detection of environmental DNA of Bigheaded Carps in samples collected from selected locations in the St. Croix River and in the Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-04T10:29:27","indexId":"ofr20131080","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1080","title":"Detection of environmental DNA of Bigheaded Carps in samples collected from selected locations in the St. Croix River and in the Mississippi River","docAbstract":"The use of molecular methods, such as the detection of environmental deoxyribonucleic acid (eDNA), have become an increasingly popular tool in surveillance programs that monitor for the presence of invasive species in aquatic systems. One early application of these methods in aquatic systems was surveillance for DNA of Asian carps (specifically bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp H. molitrix) in water samples taken from the Chicago Area Waterway System. The ability to identify DNA of a species in an environmental sample presents a potentially powerful tool because these sensitive analyses can presumably detect the presence of DNA in water even when the species is not abundant or are difficult to catch or monitor with traditional gear. Prior to research presented in this report, an initial eDNA surveillance effort was completed in selected locations in the Upper Mississippi and St. Croix Rivers in 2011 after the capture of a bighead carp in the St. Croix River near Prescott, WI. Data presented in this report were developed to duplicate the 2011 monitoring results from the Upper Mississippi and St. Croix Rivers and to provide critical insight into the technique to inform future work in these locations. We specifically sought to understand the potential confounding effects of other pathways of eDNA movement (e.g., fish-eating birds, watercraft) on the variation in background DNA by collecting water samples from (1) sites within the St. Croix River and the upper Mississippi River where the DNA of silver carp was previously detected, (2) sites considered to be free of Asian carp, and (3) a site known to have a large population of Asian carp. We also sought to establish a baseline Asian carp eDNA signature to which future eDNA sampling efforts could be compared. All samples taken as part of this effort were processed using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) according to procedures outlined in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Quality Assurance Project Plan with minor deviations designed to enhance the rigor of our data. Presence of DNA in PCR-positive samples was confirmed by Sanger sequencing (forward and reverse) and sequences were considered positive only if sequences (forward and reverse) of ≥150 base pairs had a match of ≥95% to those of published sequences for bighead carp or silver carp. The DNA of bighead carp and silver carp was not detected in environmental samples collected above and below St. Croix Falls Dam on the St. Croix River, above and below the Coon Rapids Dam and below Lock and Dam 1 on the Upper Mississippi River, and from two negative control lakes, Square Lake and Lake Riley. The DNA of silver carp was detected in environmental samples collected below Lock and Dam 19 at Keokuk, Iowa, a reach of the river with high silver carp abundance. The portion (68%) of environmental samples taken below Lock and Dam 19 that were determined to contain the DNA of silver carp was similar to that reported in the scientific literature for other abundant species. The DNA of bighead carp, however, was not detected in environmental samples collected below Lock and Dam 19, a reach of the river known to have bighead carp. Previous reported detections of the DNA of silver carp in samples collected in 2011 were not replicated in this study. Additional analyses are planned for the DNA extracted from the samples collected in 2012. Those analyses may provide additional information regarding the lack of amplification of bighead carp DNA and the lengths of the sequences of silver carp DNA present in samples taken below Lock and Dam 19. These additional analyses may help inform the use of eDNA monitoring in large, complex systems like the Mississippi River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131080","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the University of Minnesota","usgsCitation":"Amberg, J., McCalla, S., Miller, L., Sorensen, P., and Gaikowski, M.P., 2013, Detection of environmental DNA of Bigheaded Carps in samples collected from selected locations in the St. Croix River and in the Mississippi River: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1080, iv, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131080.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270564,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131080.gif"},{"id":270562,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1080/"},{"id":270563,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1080/pdf/OFR2013-1080.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"St. Croix River;Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515e92f3e4b088aa22580916","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amberg, Jon J. jamberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon J.","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCalla, S. Grace smccalla@usgs.gov","contributorId":4897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCalla","given":"S. Grace","email":"smccalla@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Loren","contributorId":52058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Loren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sorensen, Peter","contributorId":9935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorensen","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045259,"text":"sir20135034 - 2013 - Groundwater withdrawals 1976, 1990, and 2000--10 and land-surface-elevation changes 2000--10 in Harris, Galveston, Fort Bend, Montgomery, and Brazoria Counties, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T14:45:41","indexId":"sir20135034","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5034","title":"Groundwater withdrawals 1976, 1990, and 2000--10 and land-surface-elevation changes 2000--10 in Harris, Galveston, Fort Bend, Montgomery, and Brazoria Counties, Texas","docAbstract":"The study area comprising Harris County and parts of Galveston, Fort Bend, Montgomery, and Brazoria Counties in southeastern Texas forms part of one of the largest areas of land-surface-elevation change in the United States. Land-surface-elevation change in the study area primarily is caused by the withdrawal of groundwater. Groundwater withdrawn from the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers has been the primary source of water for municipal supply, industrial and commercial use, and irrigation in the study area. Groundwater withdrawals cause compaction of clay and silt layers abundant in the aquifers, which has in turn resulted in the widespread, substantial land-surface-elevation changes in the region with increased flooding. To estimate land-surface-elevation changes, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District (HGSD), documented land-surface-elevation changes in the study area that occurred during 2000–10 and 2005–10 based on elevation data measured by 11 USGS borehole-extensometer sites, a National Geodetic Survey Continuously Operating Reference Station, and Global Positioning System Port-A-Measure (PAM) sites operated by the HGSD and the Fort Bend Subsidence District. Groundwater withdrawals in the study area also were documented for 1976, 1990, and 2000–10.
\nIn 1976, about 428.9 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) were withdrawn from the aquifer system in Harris County, but by 2000, because of HGSD regulation, withdrawals had decreased to about 337.8 Mgal/d, or about a 21-percent reduction since 1976. By 2010, withdrawals had decreased to about 227.1 Mgal/d, or about a 47-percent reduction since 1976. Among the counties in the study area, the largest decrease in groundwater withdrawals has occurred in Galveston County since 1976. In 1976, about 27.4 Mgal/d were withdrawn from the aquifer system, and by 2000, withdrawals had decreased to about 4.12 Mgal/d, or about an 85-percent reduction since 1976. By 2010, withdrawals had decreased to about 0.626 Mgal/d, or about a 98-percent decrease since 1976.
\nSince the mid-1970s, Fort Bend and Montgomery Counties have undergone extensive urban development and corresponding large increases in groundwater withdrawals. Total groundwater withdrawal for Fort Bend County in 1976 was about 16.0 Mgal/d, and by 2000, withdrawals had increased to about 86.5 Mgal/d, or about a 441-percent increase since 1976. By 2010, withdrawals in Fort Bend County had increased to about 99.8 Mgal/d, or about a 524-percent increase since 1976. Total groundwater withdrawal for Montgomery County in 1976 was about 7.84 Mgal/d, and by 2000, withdrawals had increased to about 43.6 Mgal/d, or about a 456-percent increase since 1976. By 2010, withdrawals in Montgomery County had increased to about 64.2 Mgal/d, or about a 719-percent increase since 1976. Total groundwater withdrawal in Brazoria County in 1976 was about 18.0 Mgal/d, and by 2000, withdrawals had increased to about 26.0 Mgal/d, or about a 44-percent increase. By 2010, withdrawals in Brazoria County had increased to about 24.7 Mgal/d, or about a 37-percent increase since 1976.
\nMeasured land-surface-elevation changes from December 31, 2000, to December 31, 2010, ranged from an elevation increase of 0.06 feet (ft), or an average increase in elevation of 0.006 ft per year, at the Seabrook borehole extensometer located near Seabrook, Tex., to an elevation decrease of 1.28 ft, or an average decrease in elevation of 0.128 ft per year, at a PAM station north of Jersey Village, Tex. (PAM 07). Measured land-surface-elevation changes from December 31, 2005, to December 31, 2010, ranged from an elevation increase of 0.07 ft, or an average increase in elevation of 0.014 ft per year, at PAM 09 in far northeastern Harris County to an elevation decrease of 0.51 ft, or an average decrease in elevation of 0.102 ft per year, at PAM 07.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135034","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District","usgsCitation":"Kasmarek, M.C., and Johnson, M., 2013, Groundwater withdrawals 1976, 1990, and 2000--10 and land-surface-elevation changes 2000--10 in Harris, Galveston, Fort Bend, Montgomery, and Brazoria Counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5034, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135034.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1976-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270588,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135034.gif"},{"id":270587,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5034/pdf/sir2013-5034.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":270586,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5034/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Brazoria County, Fort Bend County, Galveston County, Harris County, Montgomery County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.125,28.95 ], [ -96.125,29.216667 ], [ -95.6,29.216667 ], [ -95.6,28.95 ], [ -96.125,28.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515e92f7e4b088aa22580926","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasmarek, Mark C. 0000-0003-2808-2506 mckasmar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-2506","contributorId":1968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasmarek","given":"Mark","email":"mckasmar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045245,"text":"sir20125255 - 2013 - Assessment of historical surface-water quality data in southwestern Colorado, 1990-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-04T07:34:01","indexId":"sir20125255","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5255","title":"Assessment of historical surface-water quality data in southwestern Colorado, 1990-2005","docAbstract":"The spatial and temporal distribution of selected physical and chemical surface-water-quality characteristics were analyzed at stream sites throughout the Dolores and San Juan River Basins in southwestern Colorado using historical data collected from 1990 through 2005 by various local, State, Tribal, and Federal agencies. Overall, streams throughout the study area were well oxygenated. Values of pH generally were near neutral to slightly alkaline throughout most of the study area with the exception of the upper Animas River Basin near Silverton where acidic conditions existed at some sites because of hydrothermal alteration and(or) historical mining. The highest concentrations of dissolved aluminum, total recoverable iron, dissolved lead, and dissolved zinc were measured at sites located in the upper Animas River Basin. Thirty-two sites throughout the study area had at least one measured concentration of total mercury that exceeded the State chronic aquatic-life criterion of 0.01 μg/L. Concentrations of dissolved selenium at some sites exceeded the State chronic water-quality standard of 4.6 μg/L. Total ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and total phosphorus concentrations generally were low throughout the study area. Overall, results from the trend analyses indicated improvement in water-quality conditions as a result of operation of the Paradox Valley Unit in the Dolores River Basin and irrigation and water-delivery system improvements made in the McElmo Creek Basin (Lower San Juan River Basin) and Mancos River Valley (Upper San Juan River Basin).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125255","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Southwestern Water Conservation District, San Miguel County, and Telluride Power/Water","usgsCitation":"Miller, L.D., Schaffrath, K.R., and Linard, J.I., 2013, Assessment of historical surface-water quality data in southwestern Colorado, 1990-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5255, vii, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125255.","productDescription":"vii, 74 p.","numberOfPages":"85","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1990-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125255.gif"},{"id":270544,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5255/"},{"id":270545,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5255/SIR12-5255.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515d4154e4b0803bd2eec4eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Lisa D. 0000-0002-3523-0768 ldmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0768","contributorId":1125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Lisa","email":"ldmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaffrath, Keelin R.","contributorId":7552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffrath","given":"Keelin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Linard, Joshua I. jilinard@usgs.gov","contributorId":1465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linard","given":"Joshua","email":"jilinard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045216,"text":"sir20135039 - 2013 - Water-quality conditions, and constituent loads and yields in the Cambridge drinking-water source area, Massachusetts, water years 2005–07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-02T14:44:31","indexId":"sir20135039","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5039","title":"Water-quality conditions, and constituent loads and yields in the Cambridge drinking-water source area, Massachusetts, water years 2005–07","docAbstract":"The source water area for the drinking-water supply of the city of Cambridge, Massachusetts, encompasses major transportation corridors, as well as large areas of light industrial, commercial, and residential land use. Because of ongoing development in the drinking-water source area, the Cambridge water supply has the potential to be affected by a wide variety of contaminants. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has monitored surface-water quality in the Hobbs Brook and Stony Brook Basins, which compose the drinking-water source area, since 1997 (water year 1997) through continuous monitoring and discrete sample collection and, since 2004, through systematic collection of streamwater samples during base-flow and stormflow conditions at five primary sampling stations in the drinking-water source area. Four primary sampling stations are on small tributaries in the Hobbs Brook and Stony Brook Basins; the fifth primary sampling station is on the main stem of Stony Brook and drains about 93 percent of the Cambridge drinking-water source area. Water samples also were collected at six secondary sampling stations, including Fresh Pond Reservoir, the final storage reservoir for the raw water supply. Storm runoff and base-flow concentrations of calcium (Ca), chloride (Cl), sodium (Na), and sulfate (SO4) were estimated from continuous records of streamflow and specific conductance for six monitoring stations, which include the five primary sampling stations. These data were used to characterize current water-quality conditions, estimate loads and yields, and describe trends in Cl and Na in the tributaries and main-stem streams in the Hobbs Brook and Stony Brook Basins. These data also were used to describe how streamwater quality is affected by various watershed characteristics and provide information to guide future watershed management. Water samples were analyzed for physical properties and concentrations of Ca, Cl, Na, and SO4, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), caffeine, and a suite of 59 polar pesticides. Values of physical properties and constituent concentrations varied widely, particularly in samples from tributaries. Median concentrations of Ca, Cl, Na, and SO4 in samples collected in the Hobbs Brook Basin (39.8, 392, 207, and 21.7 milligrams per liter (mg/L), respectively) were higher than those for the Stony Brook Basin (17.8, 87.7, 49.7, and 14.7 mg/L, respectively). These differences in major ion concentrations are likely related to the low percentages of developed land and impervious area in the Stony Brook Basin. Concentrations of dissolved Cl and Na in samples, and those estimated from continuous records of specific conductance (particularly during base flow), often were greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) secondary drinking-water guideline for Cl (250 mg/L), the chronic aquatic-life guideline for Cl (230 mg/L), and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs drinking-water guideline for Na (20 mg/L). Mean annual flow-weighted concentrations of Ca, Cl, and Na were generally positively correlated with the area of roadway land use in the subbasins. Correlations between mean annual concentrations of Ca and SO4 in base flow and total roadway, total impervious, and commercial-industrial land uses were statistically significant. Concentrations of TN (range of 0.42 to 5.13 mg/L in all subbasins) and TP (range of 0.006 to 0.80 mg/L in all subbasins) in tributary samples did not differ substantially between the Hobbs Brook and Stony Brook Basins. Concentrations of TN and TP in samples collected during water years 2004–07 exceeded proposed reference concentrations of 0.57 and 0.024 mg/L, in 94 and 56 percent of the samples, respectively. Correlations between annual flow-weighted concentrations of TN and percentages of recreational land use and water-body area were statistically significant; however, no significant relation was found between TP and available land-use information. The volume of streamflow affected water-quality conditions at the primary sampling stations. Turbidity and concentrations of TP were positively correlated with streamflow. In contrast, concentrations of major ions were negatively correlated with streamflow, indicating that these constituents were diluted during stormflows. Concentrations of TN were not correlated with streamflow. Twenty-five pesticides and caffeine were detected in water samples collected in the drinking-water source area and in raw water collected from the Cambridge water-treatment facility intake at the Fresh Pond Reservoir. Imidacloprid, norflurazon, and siduron were the most frequently detected pesticides with the frequency of detections ranging from about 24 to 41 percent. Caffeine was detected in about 37 percent of water samples at concentrations ranging from 0.003 to 1.82 micrograms per liter (μg/L). Although some of the detected pesticides degrade rapidly, norflurazon and siduron are relatively stable and are able to immigrate though the serial reservoir system. Concentrations of 2,4-D, carbaryl, imazaquin, MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), metsulfuron-methyl, norflurazon, siduron, and caffeine were detected more frequently in stormflow samples than in base-flow samples. Concentrations of pesticides did not exceed USEPA drinking-water guidelines or other health standards and were several orders of magnitude less than the lethal exposure level established for several fish species common to the drinking-water source area. Imidacloprid, an insecticide, was the only pesticide with a concentration exceeding available long-term aquatic-life guidelines. Several pesticides correlated significantly with the amount of recreational, residential, and commercial area in the tributary subbasins. Mean annual base-flow concentrations of caffeine correlated significantly with parking-lot land use. For most tributaries, about 70 percent of the annual loads of Ca, Cl, Na, and SO4 were associated with base flow. Upward temporal trends in annual loads of Cl and Na were identified on the basis of data for water years 1998 to 2008 for the outlet of the Cambridge Reservoir in the Hobbs Brook Basin; however, similar trends were not identified for the main stem of Stony Brook downstream from the reservoir. The proportions of the TN load attributed to base flow and stormflow were similar in each tributary. In contrast, more than 83 percent of the TP loads in the tributaries and about 73 percent of the TP load in main stem of Stony Brook were associated with stormflow. Mean annual yields of Ca, Cl, Na, and SO4 in the Stony Brook Reservoir watershed, which represents most of the drinking-water source area, were 14, 85, 46, and 9 metric tons per square kilometer, respectively. Mean annual yields among the individual tributary subbasins varied extensively. Mean annual yields for the respective constituents increased with an increase in roadway and parking-lot area in the tributary subbasins. Mean annual yields of TN in the tributary subbasins ranged from about 740 to more than 1,200 kilograms per square kilometer and exceeded the yield for the main stem of Stony Brook at USGS station 01104460 upstream from the Stony Brook Reservoir. Mean annual yields estimated for the herbicides 2,4-D and imidacloprid ranged from 34 to 310 grams per square kilometer (g/km2) and 3 to 170 g/km2, respectively. Annual loads for 2,4-D were entirely associated with stormflow. The largest annual load for imidacloprid was estimated for the main stem of Stony Brook; however, the highest annual yield for this pesticide, as well as for benomyl, carbaryl, metalaxyl, and propiconazole, was estimated for a tributary to the Stony Brook Reservoir that drains largely residential and recreational areas. Mean annual yields for the herbicide siduron ranged from 6.9 to 35 g/km2 with most of the loads associated with stormflow. Mean annual yields for the insecticide diuron ranged from 2.1 to 4.4 g/km2. Annual yields of caffeine ranged from 11 to 410 g/km2.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135039","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Cambridge, Massachusetts, Water Department","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.P., 2013, Water-quality conditions, and constituent loads and yields in the Cambridge drinking-water source area, Massachusetts, water years 2005–07: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5039, xii, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135039.","productDescription":"xii, 76 p.","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135039.gif"},{"id":270485,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5039/"},{"id":270486,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5039/pdf/sir2013-5039_report_508.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.20,42.21 ], [ -71.20,42.27 ], [ -71.11,42.27 ], [ -71.11,42.21 ], [ -71.20,42.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515befe0e4b075500ee5ca16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kirk P. 0000-0003-0269-474X kpsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-474X","contributorId":1516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kirk","email":"kpsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045208,"text":"70045208 - 2013 - Using the KINEROS2 modeling framework to evaluate the increase in storm runoff from residential development in a semi-arid environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-20T13:43:30","indexId":"70045208","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using the KINEROS2 modeling framework to evaluate the increase in storm runoff from residential development in a semi-arid environment","docAbstract":"The increase in runoff from urbanization is well known; one extreme example comes from a 13 hectare residential neighborhood in southeast Arizona where runoff was 27 times greater than an adjacent grassland watershed over a forty‐month period from 2005 to 2008. Rainfall‐runoff modeling using the newly‐described KINEROS2 urban element and tension infiltrometer measurements indicate that 17±14 percent of this increase in runoff is due to a 53 percent decrease in the saturated hydraulic conductivity of constructed pervious areas, as compared to the undeveloped grassland. Directly connected impervious areas, primarily streets and driveways, cause 56 percent of the increase in runoff, and indirectly connected impervious areas, primarily rooftops and sidewalks, and a decrease in canopy interception account for the remaining 27 percent increase. Tension infiltrometer measurements show that saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) is about double in the grassland watershed than in the urban watershed, 6.2 ± 3.5mm/hr and 2.9 ± 1.6mm/hr, respectively. Ks in the urban watershed identified from calibrating the rainfall‐runoff model to measured runoff is 9.5 ± 2.8 mm/hr—higher than what was measured but much lower than the 26 mm/hr value indicated by a soil‐texture based KINEROS2 parameter look‐up table. A new component of the KINEROS2 modeling framework, the urban element, forms the basis for the model by simulating a contiguous row of houses and the adjoining street as a series of pervious and impervious overland flow planes. Tests using different levels of discretization found that watershed geometry can be represented in a simplified manner, although more detailed discretization led to better model performance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000655","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, J.R., Goodrich, D.C., and Unkrich, C.L., 2013, Using the KINEROS2 modeling framework to evaluate the increase in storm runoff from residential development in a semi-arid environment: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 18, no. 6, p. 698-706, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000655.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"698","endPage":"706","numberOfPages":"9","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032532","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270494,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000655"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Cochise","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.46,31.33 ], [ -110.46,32.43 ], [ -109.0,32.43 ], [ -109.0,31.33 ], [ -110.46,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"18","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515befe0e4b075500ee5ca12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-3365-6589 jkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-6589","contributorId":2172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodrich, David C.","contributorId":65552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodrich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Unkrich, Carl L.","contributorId":73479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unkrich","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045205,"text":"sir20135006 - 2013 - Characteristics of sediment transport at selected sites along the Missouri River during the high-flow conditions of 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T12:22:06","indexId":"sir20135006","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5006","title":"Characteristics of sediment transport at selected sites along the Missouri River during the high-flow conditions of 2011","docAbstract":"During 2011, many tributaries in the Missouri River Basin experienced near record peak streamflow and caused flood damage to many communities along much of the Missouri River from Montana to the confluence with the Mississippi River. The large runoff event in 2011 provided an opportunity to examine characteristics of sediment transport in the Missouri River at high-magnitude streamflow and for a long duration. The purpose of this report is to describe sediment characteristics during the 2011 high-flow conditions at six selected sites on the Missouri River, two in the middle region of the basin between Lake Sakakawea and Lake Oahe in North Dakota, and four downstream from Gavins Point Dam along the Nebraska-South Dakota and Nebraska-Iowa borders.\n\nA wider range in suspended-sediment concentration was observed in the middle segment of the Missouri River compared to sites in the lower segment. In the middle segment of the Missouri River, suspended-sediment concentrations increased and peaked as flows increased and started to plateau; however, while flows were still high and steady, suspended-sediment concentrations decreased and suspended-sediment grain sizes coarsened, indicating the decrease possibly was related to fine-sediment supply limitations.\n\nMeasured bedload transport rates in the lower segment of the Missouri River (sites 3 to 6) were consistently higher than those in the middle segment (sites 1 and 2) during the high-flow conditions in 2011. The median bedload transport rate measured at site 1 was 517 tons per day and at site 2 was 1,500 tons per day. Measured bedload transport rates were highest at site 3 then decreased downstream to site 5, then increased at site 6. The median bedload transport rates were 22,100 tons per day at site 3; 5,640 tons per day at site 4; 3,930 tons per day at site 5; and 8,450 tons per day at site 6. At the two sites in the middle segment of the Missouri River, the greatest bedload was measured during the recession of the streamflow hydrograph. A similar pattern was observed at sites 3–5 in the lower segment of the Missouri River, where the greatest bedload was measured later in the event on the recession of the streamflow hydrograph, although the change in bedload was not as dramatic as observed at the sites in the middle segment of the Missouri River.\n\nWith the exception of site 3, the total-sediment load on the Missouri River was highest at the beginning of the high-flow event and decreased as streamflow decreased. In the middle segment of the Missouri River, measured total-sediment load ranged from 2,320 to 182,000 tons per day at site 1 and from 3,190 to 279,000 tons per day at site 2. In the lower segment of the Missouri River, measured total-sediment load ranged from 50,600 to 223,000 tons per day at site 4; from 23,500 to 403,000 tons per day at site 5; and from 52,700 to 273,000 tons per day at site 6.\n\nThe total-sediment load was dominated by suspended sediment at all of the sites measured on the Missouri River in 2011. In general, the percentage of total-sediment load that was bedload increased as the streamflow decreased, although this pattern was more prevalent at sites in the middle segment than those in the lower segment. The suspended-sediment load comprised an average of 93 percent of the total load, with the exception of site 3, where the suspended-sediment load comprised only 72 percent of the total-sediment load.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District","usgsCitation":"Galloway, J.M., Rus, D.L., and Alexander, J.S., 2013, Characteristics of sediment transport at selected sites along the Missouri River during the high-flow conditions of 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5006, iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135006.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135006.gif"},{"id":270471,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5006/"},{"id":270472,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5006/sir13-5006.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.0,38.4 ], [ -116.0,49.0 ], [ -90.1,49.0 ], [ -90.1,38.4 ], [ -116.0,38.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515befcfe4b075500ee5c9f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rus, Dave L.","contributorId":78623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rus","given":"Dave","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alexander, Jason S. 0000-0002-1602-482X jalexand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1602-482X","contributorId":2802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Jason","email":"jalexand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045213,"text":"70045213 - 2013 - Review: groundwater in Alaska (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:57:07","indexId":"70045213","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Review: groundwater in Alaska (USA)","docAbstract":"Groundwater in the US state of Alaska is critical to both humans and ecosystems. Interactions among physiography, ecology, geology, and current and past climate have largely determined the location and properties of aquifers as well as the timing and magnitude of fluxes to, from, and within the groundwater system. The climate ranges from maritime in the southern portion of the state to continental in the Interior, and arctic on the North Slope. During the Quaternary period, topography and rock type have combined with glacial and periglacial processes to develop the unconsolidated alluvial aquifers of Alaska and have resulted in highly heterogeneous hydrofacies. In addition, the long persistence of frozen ground, whether seasonal or permanent, greatly affects the distribution of aquifer recharge and discharge. Because of high runoff, a high proportion of groundwater use, and highly variable permeability controlled in part by permafrost and seasonally frozen ground, understanding groundwater/surface-water interactions and the effects of climate change is critical for understanding groundwater availability and the movement of natural and anthropogenic contaminants.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10040-012-0940-5","usgsCitation":"Callegary, J., Kikuchi, C., Koch, J.C., Lilly, M.R., and Leake, S.A., 2013, Review: groundwater in Alaska (USA): Hydrogeology Journal, v. 21, no. 1, p. 25-39, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0940-5.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"39","ipdsId":"IP-037267","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270490,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0940-5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515befdee4b075500ee5ca0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Callegary, J.B.","contributorId":71769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callegary","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kikuchi, C.P.","contributorId":85479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kikuchi","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koch, Joshua C. 0000-0001-7180-6982 jkoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-6982","contributorId":202532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Joshua","email":"jkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lilly, M. R.","contributorId":38594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lilly","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70042040,"text":"70042040 - 2013 - The impact of medium architecture of alluvial settings on non-Fickian transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-07T15:18:47","indexId":"70042040","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-01T15:13:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of medium architecture of alluvial settings on non-Fickian transport","docAbstract":"The influence of heterogeneous architecture of alluvial aquifers on non-Fickian transport is explored using the Monte Carlo approach. More than two thousand high-resolution hydrofacies models representing seven groups of alluvial settings are built to test the effects of varying facies proportions, mean length and its anisotropy ratio, juxtapositional tendencies, and sub-facies heterogeneity. Results show that the volumetric fraction (P(Z)) of floodplain layers classified by their thicknesses Z controls the non-Fickian tailing of tracer transport at late times. A simple quantitative relationship SBTC≈SP(Z)/2-1 is built based on a multi-rate mass transfer analysis, where SBTC is the slope of the power-law portion of tracer breakthrough curve, and SP(Z) denotes the slope of the power-law portion of the distribution of P(Z) which can be measured, e.g., in core logs. At early times, the mean length of hydrofacies affects the non-Fickian tailing by controlling the channeling of flow in high-permeability non-floodplain materials and the sequestration in surrounding low-permeability floodplain layers. The competition between channeling and sequestration generates complex pre-asymptotic features, including sublinear growth of plume mean displacement, superlinear growth of plume variance, and skewed mass distribution. Those observations of the influence of medium heterogeneity on tracer transport at early and late times may lead to development of nonlocal transport models that can be parameterized using measurable aquifer characteristics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2013.01.004","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Y., Green, C.T., and Fogg, G., 2013, The impact of medium architecture of alluvial settings on non-Fickian transport: Advances in Water Resources, v. 54, p. 78-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2013.01.004.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-042821","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278944,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2013.01.004"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527cc495e4b0850ea050cec0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Yong","contributorId":19029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fogg, Graham E.","contributorId":68779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogg","given":"Graham E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70073681,"text":"70073681 - 2013 - Use of NMR logging to obtain estimates of hydraulic conductivity in the High Plains aquifer, Nebraska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-22T13:20:38","indexId":"70073681","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-01T13:14:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of NMR logging to obtain estimates of hydraulic conductivity in the High Plains aquifer, Nebraska, USA","docAbstract":"Hydraulic conductivity (K) is one of the most important parameters of interest in groundwater applications because it quantifies the ease with which water can flow through an aquifer material. Hydraulic conductivity is typically measured by conducting aquifer tests or wellbore flow (WBF) logging. Of interest in our research is the use of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging to obtain information about water-filled porosity and pore space geometry, the combination of which can be used to estimate K. In this study, we acquired a suite of advanced geophysical logs, aquifer tests, WBF logs, and sidewall cores at the field site in Lexington, Nebraska, which is underlain by the High Plains aquifer. We first used two empirical equations developed for petroleum applications to predict K from NMR logging data: the Schlumberger Doll Research equation (KSDR) and the Timur-Coates equation (KT-C), with the standard empirical constants determined for consolidated materials. We upscaled our NMR-derived K estimates to the scale of the WBF-logging K(KWBF-logging) estimates for comparison. All the upscaled KT-C estimates were within an order of magnitude of KWBF-logging and all of the upscaled KSDR estimates were within 2 orders of magnitude of KWBF-logging. We optimized the fit between the upscaled NMR-derived K and KWBF-logging estimates to determine a set of site-specific empirical constants for the unconsolidated materials at our field site. We conclude that reliable estimates of K can be obtained from NMR logging data, thus providing an alternate method for obtaining estimates of K at high levels of vertical resolution.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wrcr.20151","usgsCitation":"Dlubac, K., Knight, R., Song, Y., Bachman, N., Grau, B., Cannia, J., and Williams, J., 2013, Use of NMR logging to obtain estimates of hydraulic conductivity in the High Plains aquifer, Nebraska, USA: Water Resources Research, v. 49, no. 4, p. 1871-1886, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20151.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1871","endPage":"1886","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-041711","costCenters":[{"id":496,"text":"Office of Groundwater-Branch of Geophysics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20151","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281332,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20151"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","city":"Lexington","otherGeospatial":"High Plains Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.768037,40.743098 ], [ -99.768037,40.798141 ], [ -99.71096,40.798141 ], [ -99.71096,40.743098 ], [ -99.768037,40.743098 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7a7be4b0b2908510d886","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dlubac, Katherine","contributorId":33218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dlubac","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knight, Rosemary","contributorId":84245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Rosemary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Song, Yi-Qiao","contributorId":60534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"Yi-Qiao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bachman, Nate","contributorId":35639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachman","given":"Nate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grau, Ben","contributorId":96188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grau","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cannia, Jim","contributorId":16746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Williams, John","contributorId":23842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70148175,"text":"70148175 - 2013 - Effects of hydrologic connectivity and environmental nariables on nekton assemblage in a coastal marsh system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-26T11:16:35","indexId":"70148175","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of hydrologic connectivity and environmental nariables on nekton assemblage in a coastal marsh system","docAbstract":"Hydrologic connectivity and environmental variation can influence nekton assemblages in coastal ecosystems. We evaluated the effects of hydrologic connectivity (permanently connected pond: PCP; temporary connected pond: TCP), salinity, vegetation coverage, water depth and other environmental variables on seasonal nekton assemblages in freshwater, brackish, and saline marshes of the Chenier Plain, Louisiana, USA. We hypothesize that 1) nekton assemblages in PCPs have higher metrics (density, biomass, assemblage similarity) than TCPs within all marsh types and 2) no nekton species would be dominant across all marsh types. In throw traps, freshwater PCPs in Fall (36.0 ± 1.90) and Winter 2009 (43.2 ± 22.36) supported greater biomass than freshwater TCPs (Fall 2009: 9.1 ± 4.65; Winter 2009: 8.3 ± 3.42). In minnow traps, saline TCPs (5.9 ± 0.85) in Spring 2009 had higher catch per unit effort than saline PCPs (0.7 ± 0.67). Our data only partially support our first hypothesis as freshwater marsh PCPs had greater assemblage similarity than TCPs. As predicted by our second hypothesis, no nekton species dominated across all marsh types. Nekton assemblages were structured by individual species responses to the salinity gradient as well as pond habitat attributes (submerged aquatic vegetation coverage, dissolved oxygen, hydrologic connectivity).
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","publisherLocation":"McClean, VA","doi":"10.1007/s13157-013-0386-0","collaboration":"Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; International Crane Foundation","usgsCitation":"Kang, S., and King, S.L., 2013, Effects of hydrologic connectivity and environmental nariables on nekton assemblage in a coastal marsh system: Wetlands, v. 33, no. 2, p. 321-334, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0386-0.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"334","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036540","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5565993ee4b0d9246a9eb61b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kang, Sung-Ryong","contributorId":140927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kang","given":"Sung-Ryong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041624,"text":"70041624 - 2013 - Spatial variability of the response to climate change in regional groundwater systems -- examples from simulations in the Deschutes Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T11:31:44","indexId":"70041624","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-01T11:27:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variability of the response to climate change in regional groundwater systems -- examples from simulations in the Deschutes Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"We examine the spatial variability of the response of aquifer systems to climate change in and adjacent to the Cascade Range volcanic arc in the Deschutes Basin, Oregon using downscaled global climate model projections to drive surface hydrologic process and groundwater flow models. Projected warming over the 21st century is anticipated to shift the phase of precipitation toward more rain and less snow in mountainous areas in the Pacific Northwest, resulting in smaller winter snowpack and in a shift in the timing of runoff to earlier in the year. This will be accompanied by spatially variable changes in the timing of groundwater recharge. Analysis of historic climate and hydrologic data and modeling studies show that groundwater plays a key role in determining the response of stream systems to climate change. The spatial variability in the response of groundwater systems to climate change, particularly with regard to flow-system scale, however, has generally not been addressed in the literature. Here we simulate the hydrologic response to projected future climate to show that the response of groundwater systems can vary depending on the location and spatial scale of the flow systems and their aquifer characteristics. Mean annual recharge averaged over the basin does not change significantly between the 1980s and 2080s climate periods given the ensemble of global climate models and emission scenarios evaluated. There are, however, changes in the seasonality of groundwater recharge within the basin. Simulation results show that short-flow-path groundwater systems, such as those providing baseflow to many headwater streams, will likely have substantial changes in the timing of discharge in response changes in seasonality of recharge. Regional-scale aquifer systems with flow paths on the order of many tens of kilometers, in contrast, are much less affected by changes in seasonality of recharge. Flow systems at all spatial scales, however, are likely to reflect interannual changes in total recharge. These results provide insights into the possible impacts of climate change to other regional aquifer systems, and the streams they support, where discharge points represent a range of flow system scales.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.01.019","usgsCitation":"Waibel, M.S., Gannett, M.W., Chang, H., and Hulbe, C.L., 2013, Spatial variability of the response to climate change in regional groundwater systems -- examples from simulations in the Deschutes Basin, Oregon: Journal of Hydrology, v. 486, p. 187-201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.01.019.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-040209","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279076,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279075,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.01.019"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Deschutes Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,43.0 ], [ -122.5,45.0 ], [ -120.5,45.0 ], [ -120.5,43.0 ], [ -122.5,43.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"486","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528607a5e4b00926c21865bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waibel, Michael S.","contributorId":19984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waibel","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gannett, Marshall W. 0000-0003-2498-2427 mgannett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2498-2427","contributorId":2942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannett","given":"Marshall","email":"mgannett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, Heejun","contributorId":14705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Heejun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hulbe, Christina L.","contributorId":93371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hulbe","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046380,"text":"70046380 - 2013 - Statistical classification of vegetation and water depths in montane wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-25T11:20:36","indexId":"70046380","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-01T11:13:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical classification of vegetation and water depths in montane wetlands","docAbstract":"Relationships between water depths and density of submergent vegetation were studied in montane wetlands using statistical techniques based on clustering and an extension of regression trees. Sago pondweed (Stuckenia pectinata) was associated with lower average water depths than water milfoil (Myriophyllum sibiricum). We detected a nonlinear relationship when average water depths were used to predict percent cover in S. pectinata, with depths of 30–40 cm, producing the highest predicted average percent cover of S. pectinata; higher and lower depths resulted in lower percent cover predictions. For M. sibiricum, higher water depths were monotonically associated with higher average percent cover. To foster more S. pectinata and less M. sibiricum, managers might employ water control structures to reduce water depths below 1 m, using both temporary drawdowns and average depths of 30–40 cm. Other species responded less markedly to water depth variation. Should decreased water depths become more common, these results suggest an increase in S. pectinata and a decrease in M. sibiricum.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecohydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.1252","usgsCitation":"Sharp, J.L., Sodja, R.S., Greenwood, M., Rosenberry, D.O., and Warren, J.M., 2013, Statistical classification of vegetation and water depths in montane wetlands: Ecohydrology, v. 6, no. 2, p. 173-181, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1252.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"181","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-026068","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275388,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.1252"}],"country":"United States","volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f25423e4b0279fe2e1c036","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharp, Julia L.","contributorId":33204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharp","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":33234,"text":"Clemson University, Clemson, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":479591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sodja, Richard S.","contributorId":71856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sodja","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greenwood, Mark","contributorId":91387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warren, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":16297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70073859,"text":"70073859 - 2013 - Acute sedimentation response to rainfall following the explosive phase of the 2008-2009 eruption of Chaitén volcano, Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-27T10:51:39","indexId":"70073859","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-01T10:48:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute sedimentation response to rainfall following the explosive phase of the 2008-2009 eruption of Chaitén volcano, Chile","docAbstract":"The 10-day explosive phase at the start of the 2008–2009 eruption of Chaitén volcano in southern Chile (42.83°S, 72.65°W) blanketed the steep, rain-forest-cloaked, 77-km2 Chaitén River drainage basin with 3 to >100 cm of tephra; predominantly fine to extremely fine rhyolitic ash fell during the latter half of the explosive phase. Rain falling on this ash blanket within days of cessation of major explosive activity generated a hyperconcentrated-flow lahar, followed closely by a complex, multi-day, muddy flood (streamflow bordering on dilute hyperconcentrated flow). Sediment mobilized in this lahar-flood event filled the Chaitén River channel with up to 7 m of sediment, buried the town of Chaitén (10 km downstream of the volcano) in up to 3 m of sediment, and caused the lower 3 km of the channel to avulse through the town. Although neither the nature nor rate of the sedimentation response is unprecedented, they are unusual in several ways: (1) Nearly 70 percent of the aggradation (almost 5 m) in the 50–70-m-wide Chaitén River channel was caused by a lahar, triggered by an estimated 20 mm of rainfall over a span of about 24 h. An additional 2 m of aggradation occurred in the next 24–36 h. (2) Direct damage to the town was accomplished by the sediment-laden water-flood phase of the lahar-flood event, not the lahar phase. (3) The volume of sediment eroded from hillslopes and delivered to the Chaitén River channel was at least 3–8 × 106 m3—roughly 15–40 % of the minimum tephra volume that mantled the Chaitén River drainage basin. (4) The acute sedimentation response to rainfall appears to have been due to the thickness and fineness of the ash blanket (inhibiting infiltration of rain) and the steepness of the basin’s hillslopes. Other possible factors such as the prior formation of an ash crust, development of a hydrophobic surface layer, or large-scale destruction of rain-intercepting vegetation did not play a role.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-013-0723-4","usgsCitation":"Pierson, T.C., Major, J.J., Amigo, Á., and Moreno, H., 2013, Acute sedimentation response to rainfall following the explosive phase of the 2008-2009 eruption of Chaitén volcano, Chile: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 75, no. 723, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0723-4.","productDescription":"17 p.","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044711","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0723-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281555,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281406,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0723-4"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Chait�n Caldera","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.0,-44.0 ], [ -74.0,-41.0 ], [ -72.0,-41.0 ], [ -72.0,-44.0 ], [ -74.0,-44.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"75","issue":"723","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4b27e4b0b290850f0308","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierson, Thomas C. 0000-0001-9002-4273 tpierson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-4273","contributorId":2498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Thomas","email":"tpierson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amigo, Álvaro","contributorId":89054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amigo","given":"Álvaro","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moreno, Hugo","contributorId":20232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreno","given":"Hugo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}