{"pageNumber":"623","pageRowStart":"15550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165231,"records":[{"id":70208463,"text":"70208463 - 2020 - Sensitivity of warm water fishes and rainbow trout to selected contaminants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T15:27:24","indexId":"70208463","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-07T09:08:34","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of warm water fishes and rainbow trout to selected contaminants","docAbstract":"

Guidelines for developing water quality standards allow U.S. states to exclude toxicity data for the family Salmonidae (trout and salmon) when deriving guidelines for warm-water habitats. This practice reflects the belief that standards based on salmonid data may be overprotective of toxic effects on other fish taxa. In acute tests with six chemicals and eight fish species, the salmonid, Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), was the most sensitive species tested with copper, zinc, and sulfate, but warm-water species were most sensitive to nickel, chloride, and ammonia. Overall, warm-water fishes, including sculpins (Cottidae) and sturgeons (Acipenseridae), were about as sensitive as salmonids in acute tests and in limited chronic testing with Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) and Mottled Sculpin (Cottus bairdi). In rankings of published acute values, invertebrate taxa were most sensitive for all six chemicals tested and there was no trend for greater sensitivity of salmonids compared to warm-water fish.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00128-020-02788-y","usgsCitation":"Besser, J.M., Dorman, R.A., Ivey, C.D., Cleveland, D.M., and Steevens, J.A., 2020, Sensitivity of warm water fishes and rainbow trout to selected contaminants: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 104, p. 321-326, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02788-y.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"326","ipdsId":"IP-112054","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372219,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Besser, John M. 0000-0002-9464-2244 jbesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-2244","contributorId":2073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"John","email":"jbesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorman, Rebecca A. 0000-0002-5748-7046","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5748-7046","contributorId":28522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorman","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ivey, Chris D. 0000-0002-0485-7242 civey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-7242","contributorId":3308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivey","given":"Chris","email":"civey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cleveland, Danielle M. 0000-0003-3880-4584 dcleveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-4584","contributorId":187471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Danielle","email":"dcleveland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steevens, Jeffery A. 0000-0003-3946-1229","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-1229","contributorId":207511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steevens","given":"Jeffery","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70212514,"text":"70212514 - 2020 - Plastic faulting in ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-19T13:51:58.437896","indexId":"70212514","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-07T08:41:10","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5999,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research- Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plastic faulting in ice","docAbstract":"

Plastic faulting is a brittle‐like failure phenomenon exhibited by water ice and several other rock types under confinement. It is suspected to be the mechanism of deep earthquakes and extreme cases of shear localization in shallow rocks. Unlike ordinary Coulombic failure, plastic faulting is characterized by a pressure‐independent failure strength and fault plane oriented 45° to maximum principal stress. To research the question of how the instability initiates, we conducted over 50 constant‐displacement‐rate experiments on polycrystalline ice (phases Ih and II) near the brittle‐to‐ductile (B‐D) transition, at confining pressures P = 0–300 MPa, applied strain rates \"urn:x-wiley:21699313:media:jgrb54034:jgrb54034-math-0001\" = 5 × 10−5 – 7 × 10−3 s−1, temperatures T = 105–233 K, and mean grain sizes d = 0.25–1.18 mm. We find that (1) the width of the B‐D transition in variable space is vanishingly narrow, to the point of appearing as a crossover, (2) a plastic fault plane, once formed, is not a zone of subsequent weakness, (3) distributed ice I→II phase transformation in small amounts (<1 vol%) shows no causal relationship to subsequent failure, and (4) plastic faulting also occurs in ice II. We hypothesize that the elusive nucleating “trigger” parallels that of metals and ceramics undergoing severe plastic deformation, wherein transient local structural rearrangement occurs, in turn causing material strength to drop to a level sufficiently low, in a volume sufficiently large, that adiabatic instability is nucleated. Our results do not require and often are inconsistent with phase transformation. Plastic faulting may therefore be available to all solids undergoing severe deformation, and its appearance in so few is simply the result of insufficiently extreme conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2019JB018749","usgsCitation":"Golding, N., Durham, W.B., Prior, D.J., and Stern, L.A., 2020, Plastic faulting in ice: Journal of Geophysical Research- Solid Earth, v. 125, no. 5, e2019JB018749, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018749.","productDescription":"e2019JB018749, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-107189","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jb018749","text":"External Repository"},{"id":377644,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Golding, Narayama","contributorId":238827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Golding","given":"Narayama","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durham, William B","contributorId":238828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Durham","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prior, David J","contributorId":238829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prior","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":13378,"text":"University of Otago, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stern, Laura A. 0000-0003-3440-5674","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-5674","contributorId":212238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70224284,"text":"70224284 - 2020 - Flea sharing among sympatric rodent hosts: implications for potential plague effects on a threatened sciurid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-20T13:02:13.220326","indexId":"70224284","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-07T08:00:41","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flea sharing among sympatric rodent hosts: implications for potential plague effects on a threatened sciurid","docAbstract":"

For vector-borne diseases, the abundance and competency of different vector species and their host preferences will impact the transfer of pathogens among hosts. Sylvatic plague is a lethal disease caused by the primarily flea-borne bacterium Yersinia pestis. Sylvatic plague was introduced into the western United States in the early 1900s and impacts many species of rodents. Plague may be suppressing populations of the threatened northern Idaho ground squirrel (Urocitellus brunneus) if a competent flea community is allowing plague to be maintained within the few extant sites that support this rare ground squirrel. We collected fleas from four species of sympatric rodents in central Idaho: northern Idaho ground squirrels, Columbian ground squirrels (Urocitellus columbianus), yellow-pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus), and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). We evaluated which flea species were present and whether fleas were shared among the rodent community. We documented seven species of fleas among 3356 fleas collected from the four host species of rodents, and all seven species of fleas are known vectors of plague. Three of the seven flea species were detected on all four rodent species, demonstrating potential for spillover of plague (bridge vectors) in the rodent community. We used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate which abiotic and biotic factors influence flea abundance (total number of fleas, regardless of flea species, on each individual host of the four rodent host species). Factors that impacted flea abundance varied among the four host species, but flea abundance: (1) changed over summer depending on host species, (2) was greater on males, and (3) was impacted by summer and winter precipitation depending on host species. Our results suggest this diverse flea community has the capacity to transfer Y. pestis among populations of the four rodents if Y. pestis is present. Furthermore, the disease may be more likely to persist in some locations than others, those that have higher flea abundances, more sympatric hosts, or optimal conditions for fleas, and such high-risk sites can be identified based on their abiotic and biotic factors.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3033","usgsCitation":"Goldberg, A., Conway, C.J., and Biggins, D.E., 2020, Flea sharing among sympatric rodent hosts: implications for potential plague effects on a threatened sciurid: Ecosphere, v. 11, no. 2, e03033, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3033.","productDescription":"e03033, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-105632","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3033","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":389476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.619873046875,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -115.103759765625,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -115.103759765625,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -116.619873046875,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -116.619873046875,\n 44.74673324024678\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldberg, Amanda R.","contributorId":265814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Amanda R.","affiliations":[{"id":54806,"text":"iu","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70217086,"text":"70217086 - 2020 - Co-occurrence and occupancy dynamics of mourning doves and Eurasian collared-doves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-05T13:14:55.225713","indexId":"70217086","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-07T07:07:43","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Co-occurrence and occupancy dynamics of mourning doves and Eurasian collared-doves","docAbstract":"

Understanding how land cover and potential competition with invasive species shape patterns of occupancy, extirpation, and colonization of native species across a landscape can help target management for declining native populations. Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) populations have declined throughout the United States from 1965–2015. The expansion of the Eurasian collared‐dove (Streptopelia decaocto), an introduced species with similar food preferences, may further threaten mourning dove populations. We analyzed data from 2009–2016 from a large‐scale monitoring program in the Western Great Plains of the United States in a 2‐species occupancy model to assess the effects of collared‐doves on mourning dove distributions, while accounting for imperfect detection and variation in land cover across the landscape. Mourning dove occupancy was stable or increasing across our study area, and despite overlap in resource use and co‐occurrence between mourning doves and Eurasian collared‐doves, we found no evidence that collared‐doves are extirpating mourning doves from preferred habitat during the breeding season. 

","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21835","usgsCitation":"Green, A., Sofaer, H., Otis, D.L., and Van Lanen, N.J., 2020, Co-occurrence and occupancy dynamics of mourning doves and Eurasian collared-doves: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 84, no. 4, p. 775-785, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21835.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"785","ipdsId":"IP-107369","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TYF93I","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Co-occurrence and Occupancy Dynamics of Mourning Doves and Eurasian Collared-Doves"},{"id":381870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Badlands and Prairies and Shortgrass Prairie Bird Conservation Regions","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.1181640625,\n 32.95336814579932\n ],\n [\n -101.3818359375,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -101.6455078125,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -100.2392578125,\n 45.182036837015886\n ],\n [\n -100.72265625,\n 47.487513008956554\n ],\n [\n -104.9853515625,\n 48.28319289548349\n ],\n [\n -109.3359375,\n 47.60616304386874\n ],\n [\n -111.8408203125,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -106.171875,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -104.4580078125,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -104.4140625,\n 33.02708758002874\n ],\n [\n -101.1181640625,\n 32.95336814579932\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Adam W.","contributorId":246045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"Adam W.","affiliations":[{"id":25644,"text":"Bird Conservancy of the Rockies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sofaer, Helen 0000-0002-9450-5223","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-5223","contributorId":216681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sofaer","given":"Helen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otis, David L","contributorId":246046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Otis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Lanen, Nicholas J.","contributorId":246047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Lanen","given":"Nicholas","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":25644,"text":"Bird Conservancy of the Rockies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70208562,"text":"70208562 - 2020 - Cryptic and extensive hybridization between ancient lineages of American crows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T15:51:00","indexId":"70208562","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-07T06:44:32","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cryptic and extensive hybridization between ancient lineages of American crows","docAbstract":"

Most species and therefore most hybrid zones have historically been defined using phenotypic characters. However, both speciation and hybridization can occur with negligible morphological differentiation. Recently developed genomic tools provide the means to better understand cryptic speciation and hybridization. The Northwestern Crow (Corvus caurinus) and American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) are continuously distributed sister taxa that lack reliable traditional characters for identification. In this first population genomic study of Northwestern and American crows, we use genomic SNPs (nuDNA) and mtDNA to investigate the degree of genetic differentiation between these crows and the extent to which they may hybridize. Our results indicate that American and Northwestern crows have distinct evolutionary histories, supported by two nuDNA ancestry clusters and two 1.1%‐divergent mtDNA clades dating to the late Pleistocene, when glacial advances may have isolated crow populations in separate refugia. We document extensive hybridization, with geographic overlap of mtDNA clades and admixture of nuDNA across >900 km of western Washington and western British Columbia. This broad hybrid zone consists of late‐generation hybrids and backcrosses, but not recent (e.g., F1) hybrids. Nuclear DNA and mtDNA clines had concordant widths and were both centred in southwestern British Columbia, farther north than previously postulated. Overall, our results suggest a history of reticulate evolution in American and Northwestern crows, perhaps due to recurring neutral expansion(s) from Pleistocene glacial refugia followed by lineage fusion(s). However, we do not rule out a contributing role for more recent potential drivers of hybridization, such as expansion into human‐modified habitats.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/mec.15377","usgsCitation":"Slager, D., Epperly, K., Ha, R., Rohwer, S., Woodall, C.W., Van Hemert, C.R., and Klicka, J., 2020, Cryptic and extensive hybridization between ancient lineages of American crows: Molecular Ecology, v. 29, no. 5, p. 956-969, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15377.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"956","endPage":"969","ipdsId":"IP-103862","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/491654","text":"External Repository"},{"id":372375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Canada","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"British Columbia ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128.232421875,\n 50.00773901463687\n ],\n [\n -124.1015625,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -118.91601562499999,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -118.91601562499999,\n 55.07836723201515\n ],\n [\n -131.748046875,\n 54.36775852406841\n ],\n [\n -128.232421875,\n 50.00773901463687\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slager, David","contributorId":222550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slager","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Epperly, Kevin","contributorId":222551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Epperly","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ha, Renee","contributorId":222552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ha","given":"Renee","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rohwer, Sievert","contributorId":222553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rohwer","given":"Sievert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40561,"text":"Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woodall, Christopher W.","contributorId":53696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodall","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7264,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Beltsville, MD 20705","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Van Hemert, Caroline R. 0000-0002-6858-7165 cvanhemert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-7165","contributorId":3592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hemert","given":"Caroline","email":"cvanhemert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Klicka, John","contributorId":222554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klicka","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70208693,"text":"70208693 - 2020 - Global physical controls on estuarine habitat distribution during sea levelchange: Consequences for genetic diversification through time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T19:00:02","indexId":"70208693","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-06T18:58:35","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global physical controls on estuarine habitat distribution during sea levelchange: Consequences for genetic diversification through time","docAbstract":"Determining the extrinsic (physical) factors controlling speciation and diversification of species through time is\nof key interest in paleontology and evolutionary biology. The role of sea-level change in shaping species richness\npatterns of marginal marine species has received much attention, but with variable conclusions. Recent work\ncombining genetic data and Geographical Information Systems (GIS)-based habitat modeling yielded a framework\nfor how geomorphology of continental margins mediates genetic connectivity of populations during sealevel\nchange. This approach may ultimately yield insights on how distinct lineages, species, and biodiversity\naccumulate in coastal settings. Here, we expand this GIS work globally to different geomorphic settings to model\nestuarine habitat in a larger geographic framework and test how tectonic setting, oceanographic setting, climate,\nand margin age affect habitat distribution during sea-level change. In addition, independent of estuaries we\nexplore paleobiologic (e.g. Olsson, 1961) and neontolologic effects of sea-level change on evolution, and test the\nrelation between overall shelf area and species richness using data of 1721 fish species. We find 82% global\nreduction of estuarine habitat abundance at lowstand relative to highstand, and find large habitats change in size\nmuch more than small habitats. Consistent with prior work, narrow continental margins have significantly less\nhabitat at highstand and lowstand than wide margins, and narrow margins significantly associate with fore-arc\nsettings, effectively linking tectonic setting to habitat abundance. Surprisingly, narrow margins host greater\nspecies richness, a finding which violates the canonical species-area relation. This finding can be explained if: 1)\nthe physical isolation imposed by narrow margins facilitates the formation of new species over time; 2) the sizestability\nof small habitats, which disproportionately occur on narrow margins, accumulate and retain species\nextirpated in the more variable habitats on wide margins; or 3) the smaller habitats on narrow margins facilitate\ngreater species richness through greater habitat heterogeneity. These results are generally at odds with prior\ninterpretations, but the combination of richness data and population genetic principles offer a different perspective\non these long-studied questions. Finally, we emphasize that the nuance of Pleistocene-Holocene sea\nlevel oscillations should be more explicitly considered in genetic studies.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103128","usgsCitation":"Dolby, G.A., Bedolla, A.M., Bennett, S., and Jacobs, D.K., 2020, Global physical controls on estuarine habitat distribution during sea levelchange: Consequences for genetic diversification through time: Global and Planetary Change, v. 187, 103128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103128.","productDescription":"103128","ipdsId":"IP-110919","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qs0m0qg","text":"External Repository"},{"id":372590,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"187","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dolby, Greer A. 0000-0002-5923-0690","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5923-0690","contributorId":222726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dolby","given":"Greer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedolla, Arturo M.","contributorId":222727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bedolla","given":"Arturo","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, S. 0000-0002-9772-4122","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9772-4122","contributorId":29230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":783030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jacobs, David K.","contributorId":139394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacobs","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70208976,"text":"70208976 - 2020 - Hydrologic connectivity determines dissolved organic matter biogeochemistry in northern high-latitude lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-27T15:06:56.802426","indexId":"70208976","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-06T18:31:09","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic connectivity determines dissolved organic matter biogeochemistry in northern high-latitude lakes","docAbstract":"

Northern high‐latitude lakes are undergoing climate‐induced changes including shifts in their hydrologic connectivity with terrestrial ecosystems. How this will impact dissolved organic matter (DOM) biogeochemistry remains uncertain. We examined the drivers of DOM composition for lakes in the Yukon Flats Basin in Alaska, an arid region of low relief that is characteristic of over one‐quarter of circumpolar lake area. Utilizing the vascular plant biomarker lignin, chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry, we interpreted DOM compositional changes using lake‐water stable isotope (δ18O‐H2O) composition as a proxy for lake hydrologic connectivity with the landscape. We observed a relative decrease in CDOM in more hydrologically isolated lakes (enriched δ18O‐H2O) without a corresponding decrease in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. Although DOC and CDOM were weakly correlated, a significant positive relationship between lignin and CDOM (r2 = 0.67) demonstrates that optical parameters are useful for estimating lignin concentration and thus vascular plant contribution to lake DOM. Indicators of allochthonous DOM, including lignin carbon normalized yields, CDOM aromaticity proxies, and relative abundances of polyphenolic and condensed aromatic compound classes, were negatively correlated with δ18O‐H2O (r2 > 0.45), suggesting there is little allochthonous DOM supplied to many of these hydrologically isolated lakes. We conclude that decreased lake hydrologic connectivity, driven by ongoing climate change (i.e., decreased precipitation, warming temperatures), will reduce allochthonous DOM contributions and shift lakes toward lower CDOM systems with ecosystem‐scale ramifications for heat transfer, photochemical reactions, productivity, and ultimately their biogeochemical function.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/lno.11417","usgsCitation":"Johnston, S.E., Striegl, R.G., Bogard, M.J., Dornblaser, M.M., Butman, D.E., Kellerman, A.M., Wickland, K.P., Podgorski, D.C., and Spencer, R., 2020, Hydrologic connectivity determines dissolved organic matter biogeochemistry in northern high-latitude lakes: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 65, no. 8, p. 1764-1780, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11417.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1764","endPage":"1780","ipdsId":"IP-114991","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Flats Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.40136718749997,\n 66.53076810915225\n ],\n [\n -142.49267578125,\n 66.53076810915225\n ],\n [\n -142.49267578125,\n 69.4960701797534\n ],\n [\n -156.40136718749997,\n 69.4960701797534\n ],\n [\n -156.40136718749997,\n 66.53076810915225\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, Sarah Ellen","contributorId":213256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnston","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"Ellen","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":784250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bogard, Matthew J. 0000-0001-9491-0328","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9491-0328","contributorId":213254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bogard","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Butman, David E.","contributorId":145535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16142,"text":"School of Environmental and Forest Sciences & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kellerman, Anne M.","contributorId":204172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kellerman","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Podgorski, David C.","contributorId":178153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Podgorski","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Spencer, Robert G. M.","contributorId":139731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert G. M.","affiliations":[{"id":12894,"text":"Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70208326,"text":"fs20203005 - 2020 - \"Modified Unified Method\" of carp capture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-07T06:14:37","indexId":"fs20203005","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-06T15:49:37","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-3005","displayTitle":"\"Modified Unified Method\" of Carp Capture","title":"\"Modified Unified Method\" of carp capture","docAbstract":"

Populations of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) and Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (bighead carp), (together referred to herein as “bigheaded carp”) have increased exponentially in the greater Mississippi River Basin. Detrimental effects on native fish and economically important fisheries have occurred where these invasive, filter-feeding fish are abundant. The Unified Method, a harvest technique developed in China for bigheaded carp in flood plain lakes, uses herding techniques and a variety of nets to drive bigheaded carp and concentrate them into an area where they can be easily harvested. The U.S. Geological Survey is adapting the Chinese Unified Method concepts to be consistent with North American financial, societal, and environmental conditions. We have modified these techniques and incorporated modern technology to reduce the time and expense of Unified Methods and to allow them to be used in public waters. Thus, the operations in North America are often described as the “Modified Unified Method.” The U.S. Geological Survey is studying and refining the Modified Unified Method to provide stakeholders with efficient, validated, and environmentally friendly methods for carp removal; however, this method is still new to the United States and additional research is needed to further increase the efficiency of Modified Unified Method operations.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203005","usgsCitation":"Chapman, D.C., 2020, \"Modified Unified Method\" of carp capture: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020–3005, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203005.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-115946","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372124,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3005/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":372125,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3005/fs20203005.pdf","text":"Report","size":"416 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020–5003"}],"contact":"

Director, Columbia Environmental Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-02-06","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, Duane 0000-0002-1086-8853 dchapman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-8853","contributorId":1291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Duane","email":"dchapman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70208166,"text":"mcs2020 - 2020 - Mineral commodity summaries 2020","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-20T21:49:14.759817","indexId":"mcs2020","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-06T14:25:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":368,"text":"Mineral Commodity Summaries","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"displayTitle":"Mineral Commodity Summaries 2020","title":"Mineral commodity summaries 2020","docAbstract":"

Each chapter of the 2020 edition of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Commodity Summaries (MCS) includes information on events, trends, and issues for each mineral commodity as well as discussions and tabular presentations on domestic industry structure, Government programs, tariffs, 5-year salient statistics, and world production and resources. The MCS is the earliest comprehensive source of 2019 mineral production data for the world. More than 90 individual minerals and materials are covered by two-page synopses.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mcs2020","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2020, Mineral commodity summaries 2020: U.S. Geological Survey, 200 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2020.","productDescription":"200 p.","numberOfPages":"204","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-113182","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371766,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2020/mcs2020.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"MCS 2020"},{"id":371765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2020/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":399334,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109665.htm"},{"id":372005,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/commodity-statistics-and-information","text":"Commodity Statistics and Information"},{"id":371767,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/mineral-commodity-summaries","text":"Mineral Commodity Summaries Prior to 2020"}],"contact":"

Director, National Minerals Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
988 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nmicrecordsmgt@usgs.gov

","tableOfContents":"","publishedDate":"2020-02-06","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":152492,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":780902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70208283,"text":"ofr20191137 - 2020 - Groundwater withdrawals and regional flow paths at and near Willow Grove and Warminster, Pennsylvania—Data compilation and preliminary simulations for conditions in 1999, 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2017","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T16:35:57.196393","indexId":"ofr20191137","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-06T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-1137","displayTitle":"Groundwater Withdrawals and Regional Flow Paths at and near Willow Grove and Warminster, Pennsylvania—Data Compilation and Preliminary Simulations for Conditions in 1999, 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2017","title":"Groundwater withdrawals and regional flow paths at and near Willow Grove and Warminster, Pennsylvania—Data compilation and preliminary simulations for conditions in 1999, 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2017","docAbstract":"

In 2014, groundwater samples from residential and public supply wells in the vicinity of two former U.S. Navy bases at Willow Grove and Warminster, and an active Air National Guard Station at Horsham, Bucks and Montgomery Counties, Pennsylvania, were found to have concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), which are per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), above U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provisional health advisory (HA) levels for drinking water. Five supply wells near the bases were shut down because of PFAS contamination. In 2016, after EPA established a Lifetime HA for PFAS in drinking water that is lower than the provisional HA in place in 2014, at least 13 additional supply wells near the bases were shut down because of PFAS contamination. At the request of the U.S. Navy, and in consultation with other Federal and State agencies and local stakeholders, the U.S. Geological Survey used historical and recent data on well withdrawals, recharge rates, aquifer properties, groundwater levels, and stream base flow to evaluate regional groundwater-flow paths from identified areas of PFAS groundwater contamination or potential PFAS sources at the bases. Groundwater withdrawals near the bases from public supply and other large wells decreased substantially from the 1990s to 2017, increasing the proportion of groundwater recharge that discharged to local streams. A preliminary groundwater-flow model, calibrated using 1,009 groundwater levels and 17 stream base flow estimates, simulated regional flow paths from the bases and showed that recharge at the bases discharged to withdrawal wells and local streams, generally within a mile or two of the bases. Supply and remediation wells at the bases captured some of the recharge on base areas of possible PFAS contamination, whereas other base recharge was simulated to flow to nearby public supply wells and streams, depending on water use and aquifer recharge conditions between 1999 and 2017. The locations of many residential wells near the bases that were identified by the Navy and Air National Guard as having elevated PFAS concentrations were generally consistent with the simulated flow paths from possible sources at the bases. However, there are some areas of observed PFAS contamination where no flow paths from base sources were simulated. Additionally, no data were available on PFAS concentrations in groundwater in some areas of simulated flow paths from base sources. Data and models used for this study are provided in this report and in digital data releases to support further investigations and model revisions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191137","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy","usgsCitation":"Goode, D.J., and Senior, L.A., 2020, Groundwater withdrawals and regional flow paths at and near Willow Grove and Warminster, Pennsylvania—Data compilation and preliminary simulations for conditions in 1999, 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1137, 127 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191137.","productDescription":"Report: x, 127 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"138","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-113639","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399427,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109664.htm"},{"id":371906,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZGEI67","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Groundwater levels, groundwater withdrawals, and point-source discharges to streams in the vicinity of Willow Grove and Warminster, Bucks and Montgomery Counties, Pennsylvania, for selected years during 1999–2017"},{"id":371905,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K36P5S","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW 6 and MODPATH 7 model data sets used to evaluate groundwater flow in the vicinity of Horsham and Warminster, Bucks and Montgomery Counties, Pennsylvania—Preliminary simulations for conditions in 1999, 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2017"},{"id":372113,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1137/ofr20191137.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1137"},{"id":371903,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1137/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Bucks County, Montgomery County","city":"Warminster, Willow Grove","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.3536,\n 40.0678\n ],\n [\n -74.9167,\n 40.0678\n ],\n [\n -74.9167,\n 40.2967\n ],\n [\n -75.3536,\n 40.2967\n ],\n [\n -75.3536,\n 40.0678\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070

","tableOfContents":"","publishedDate":"2020-02-06","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":216750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senior, Lisa A. 0000-0003-2629-1996 lasenior@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-1996","contributorId":2150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senior","given":"Lisa","email":"lasenior@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208869,"text":"70208869 - 2020 - The influence of pre-fire growth patterns on post-fire tree mortality for common conifers in western U.S. parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-22T11:46:18.165535","indexId":"70208869","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-06T13:49:58","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of pre-fire growth patterns on post-fire tree mortality for common conifers in western U.S. parks","docAbstract":"Fire severity in forests is often defined in terms of post-fire tree mortality, yet the influences on tree mortality following fire are not fully understood. For trees that are not killed immediately by severe fire injury, pre-fire growth may partially predict post-fire mortality probabilities for conifers of the western U.S. Here, we consider the influence of multiple growth patterns on post-fire tree mortality. Using observations from 1 to 9 years following prescribed fires in US national parks across five western states, we show that post-fire mortality for three common conifer species is related not only to fire-caused injuries (crown scorch and bole char), but also to average growth rate and long-term (25 yr) growth patterns (counts of abrupt growth declines, and possibly growth trends). Our results suggest that pre-fire environmental and biological conditions impacting tree vigor may influence post-fire tree mortality probabilities. Fire severity, as measured by tree mortality, thus reflects tree condition as well as fire intensity. Environmental conditions (such as rising temperatures and moisture stress), independent of fire intensity, may thus cause expressed fire severity to increase in western forests.","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO","doi":"10.1071/WF19020","usgsCitation":"van Mantgem, P.J., Falk, D.A., Williams, E.C., Das, A., and Stephenson, N.L., 2020, The influence of pre-fire growth patterns on post-fire tree mortality for common conifers in western U.S. parks: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 29, no. 6, p. 513-518, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF19020.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"513","endPage":"518","ipdsId":"IP-083437","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372871,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.88671875,\n 48.86471476180277\n ],\n [\n -123.22265625000001,\n 49.15296965617042\n ],\n [\n -123.22265625000001,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -124.98046874999999,\n 48.63290858589535\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 46.92025531537451\n ],\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 44.15068115978094\n ],\n [\n -125.068359375,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -123.837890625,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -121.81640624999999,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -119.44335937499999,\n 33.94335994657882\n ],\n [\n -117.333984375,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -115.13671875,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -110.74218749999999,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -106.25976562499999,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -102.83203125,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -102.216796875,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -102.3046875,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -103.53515625,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -103.88671875,\n 48.86471476180277\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Mantgem, Phillip J. 0000-0002-3068-9422 pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-9422","contributorId":222994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Phillip","email":"pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falk, Donald A.","contributorId":197570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Falk","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Emma C.","contributorId":207401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Emma","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Das, Adrian J. 0000-0002-3937-2616 adas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3937-2616","contributorId":3842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"Adrian J.","email":"adas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stephenson, Nathan L. 0000-0003-0208-7229 nstephenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-7229","contributorId":2836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Nathan","email":"nstephenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70209176,"text":"70209176 - 2020 - High-resolution imaging of hydrothermal heat flux using optical and thermal Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T06:32:36","indexId":"70209176","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-06T13:04:34","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution imaging of hydrothermal heat flux using optical and thermal Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry","docAbstract":"Quantifying hydrothermal heat flux at meter-scale resolution over N0.25 km2 is required to bridge in-situ heat flux and satellite-based measurements. We advance a methodology that blends ground-based daytime optical and nighttime thermal infrared (TIR) imagery using Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry to map radiant hydrothermal heat flux over these scales at sites with low signal-to-noise ratios that would otherwise be difficult to characterize using, for example, unmanned aerial systems. The improved method uses a computerized telescopic mount to relocate and align daytime optical acquisitions with nighttime TIR imagery, thereby enabling TIR acquisition\nfrom multiple camera orientations positioned throughout a study area. This facilitates mapping of thermal features at sites of varying size and complexity and helps to ameliorate topographic occlusion effects and geometric distortions that can bias radiant hydrothermal heat flux estimates derived from the resulting orthorectified thermal maps. We assessed detection thresholds of this method at three sites across central California, which range in size, topography, and heat flux conditions. We found that blending of optical and thermal acquisitions successfully detected anomalous heat flux, even in cases where temperatures were only slightly greater than\nbackground. This approach might be applied to a variety of volcanic and hydrothermal systems to quantify the spatial distribution of heat flux, and how this may relate to factors such as the distribution of ground fractures and lava flow rheology.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106818","usgsCitation":"Lewis, A., Robert Sare, Lewicki, J.L., and Hilley, G., 2020, High-resolution imaging of hydrothermal heat flux using optical and thermal Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 393, 106818, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106818.","productDescription":"106818","ipdsId":"IP-106379","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"393","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Aaron 0000-0002-0920-8997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0920-8997","contributorId":223496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Aaron","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40720,"text":"EKI Environment & Water, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robert Sare","contributorId":223497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robert Sare","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewicki, Jennifer L. 0000-0003-1994-9104 jlewicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-9104","contributorId":5071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewicki","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlewicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hilley, George","contributorId":147793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hilley","given":"George","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70211184,"text":"70211184 - 2020 - Northward migration of the Oregon forearc on the Gales Creek fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-16T15:42:10.873436","indexId":"70211184","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-06T10:36:18","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northward migration of the Oregon forearc on the Gales Creek fault","docAbstract":"

The Gales Creek fault (GCF) is a 60-km-long, northwest-striking dextral fault system (west of Portland, Oregon) that accommodates northward motion and uplift of the Oregon Coast Range. New geologic mapping and geophysical models confirm inferred offsets from earlier geophysical surveys and document ∼12 km of right-lateral offset of a basement high in Eocene Siletz River Volcanics since ca. 35 Ma and ∼8.8 km of right-lateral separation of Miocene Columbia River Basalt at Newberg, Oregon, since 15 Ma (∼0.62 ± 0.12 mm/yr, average long-term rate). Relative uplift of Eocene Coast Range basalt basement west of the fault zone is at least 5 km based on depth to basement under the Tualatin Basin from a recent inversion of gravity data. West of the city of Forest Grove, the fault consists of two subparallel strands ∼7 km apart. The westernmost, Parsons Creek strand, forms a linear valley southward to Henry Hagg Lake, where it continues southward to Newberg as a series of en echelon strands forming both extensional and compressive step-overs. Compressive step-overs in the GCF occur at intersections with ESE-striking sinistral faults crossing the Coast Range, suggesting the GCF is the eastern boundary of an R′ Riedel shear domain that could accommodate up to half of the ∼45° of post–40 Ma clockwise rotation of the Coast Range documented by paleomagnetic studies. Gravity and magnetic anomalies suggest the western strands of the GCF extend southward beneath Newberg into the Northern Willamette Valley, where colinear magnetic anomalies have been correlated with the Mount Angel fault, the proposed source of the 1993 M 5.7 Scotts Mills earthquake. The potential-field data and water-well data also indicate the eastern, Gales Creek strand of the fault may link to the NNW-striking Canby fault through the E-W Beaverton fault to form a 30-km-wide compressive step-over along the south side of the Tualatin Basin. LiDAR data reveal right-lateral stream offsets of as much as 1.5 km, shutter ridges, and other youthful geomorphic features for 60 km along the geophysical and geologic trace of the GCF north of Newberg, Oregon. Paleoseismic trenches document Eocene bedrock thrust over 250 ka surficial deposits along a reverse splay of the fault system near Yamhill, Oregon, and Holocene motion has been recently documented on the GCF along Scoggins Creek and Parsons Creek. The GCF could produce earthquakes in excess of Mw 7, if the entire 60 km segment ruptured in one earthquake. The apparent subsurface links of the GCF to other faults in the Northern Willamette Valley suggest that other faults in the system may also be active.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02177.1","usgsCitation":"Wells, R., Blakely, R.J., and Bemis, S., 2020, Northward migration of the Oregon forearc on the Gales Creek fault: Geosphere, v. 16, no. 2, p. 660-684, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02177.1.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"660","endPage":"684","ipdsId":"IP-106554","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02177.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Oregon forearc","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.167724609375,\n 45.16267407976458\n ],\n [\n -122.06359863281249,\n 45.16267407976458\n ],\n [\n -122.06359863281249,\n 45.94351068030587\n ],\n [\n -123.167724609375,\n 45.94351068030587\n ],\n [\n -123.167724609375,\n 45.16267407976458\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, Ray 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":204016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bemis, Sean","contributorId":175460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bemis","given":"Sean","affiliations":[{"id":27572,"text":"UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70228171,"text":"70228171 - 2020 - Phylogeographic analysis of Mudpuppies (Necturus maculosus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-07T16:14:03.370452","indexId":"70228171","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-06T09:59:55","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Phylogeographic analysis of mudpuppies (Necturus maculosus)","title":"Phylogeographic analysis of Mudpuppies (Necturus maculosus)","docAbstract":"The geology of the Pleistocene, and particularly the Last Glacial Maximum approximately 26.5 ka, is a critical driver of species’ present-day distributions and levels of genetic diversity in northern regions. Using mitochondrial DNA sequence data, we tested several predictions relating to the postglacial recolonization of the northern United States and southern Canada by Mudpuppies (Necturus maculosus). Our analyses revealed a significant split between western and eastern lineages, with the divide corresponding to the location of the Mississippi River. Our data support the presence of one or more Mississippian glacial refugia, with subsequent expansion and diversification of a western cluster into the upper Midwest, and an eastern cluster into the eastern Great Lakes and New England. As predicted in cases of postglacial colonization, each of these clusters contains a single widespread and common haplotype, along with numerous low-frequency, closely related haplotypes. Given recent conservation concerns about amphibians in general, and Mudpuppies specifically, we discuss our results in light of species conservation. Knowledge of a species’ genetic diversity allows for informed management and facilitates decisions that preserve local adaptation and evolutionary potential.","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.1670/19-070","usgsCitation":"Greenwald, K., Stedman, A., Mifsud, D., Stapleton, M., Larson, K., Parrish, D.L., Chellman, I., and Kilpatrick, C., 2020, Phylogeographic analysis of Mudpuppies (Necturus maculosus): Journal of Herpetology, v. 54, no. 1, p. 78-86, https://doi.org/10.1670/19-070.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"86","ipdsId":"IP-109244","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greenwald, Katherine","contributorId":274754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenwald","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55463,"text":"Eastern Michigan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stedman, Amber","contributorId":274755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stedman","given":"Amber","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55463,"text":"Eastern Michigan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mifsud, David","contributorId":274756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mifsud","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":56651,"text":"Herpetological Resource and Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stapleton, Maegan","contributorId":274757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stapleton","given":"Maegan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56651,"text":"Herpetological Resource and Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larson, Krista","contributorId":274760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larson","given":"Krista","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34923,"text":"Minnesota DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parrish, Donna L. 0000-0001-9693-6329 dparrish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9693-6329","contributorId":138661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"Donna","email":"dparrish@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chellman, Isaac","contributorId":274763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chellman","given":"Isaac","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kilpatrick, C. William","contributorId":274764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kilpatrick","given":"C. William","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70209709,"text":"70209709 - 2020 - A weight-of-evidence approach for defining thermal sensitivity in a federally endangered species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-22T14:47:54.906248","indexId":"70209709","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-06T09:35:30","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A weight-of-evidence approach for defining thermal sensitivity in a federally endangered species","docAbstract":"

1. Managing for threatened and endangered species under changing environmental conditions is a challenge faced by resource managers worldwide. Lack of basic knowledge of the biology and habitat requirements of these species can contribute to this difficulty, but is confounded by the limitations of working with rare (i.e. few individuals) species or unrefined methods for evaluating stress.

2. A weight of evidence approach was used to evaluate the thermal biology of the federally endangered dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon), utilizing cumulative results from multiple experimental assessments, co-occurring species, and their host fish to begin defining thermal limits and optimal conditions for the species.

3. Results suggest that dwarf wedgemussel and its host fish are thermally sensitive species compared to other Atlantic-slope mussels, with lower critical thermal maximum and selection of reduced temperatures during choice experiments.

4. Physiological studies resulted in lack of statistical significance primarily due to low power which was a function of sample size, one unavoidable problem when studying rare species. Given these limitations, thermal choice and CTM may be more useful endpoints than physiological processes such as clearance and respiration rates when dealing with sample size limitations.

5. These results suggest that management strategies that avoid exposing dwarf wedgemussel and its thermally sensitive host fish to extreme temperatures could be important for species conservation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/aqc.3287","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Galbraith, H., Blakeslee, C.J., Spooner, D.E., and Lellis, W.A., 2020, A weight-of-evidence approach for defining thermal sensitivity in a federally endangered species: Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, v. 30, no. 3, p. 540-553, https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3287.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"540","endPage":"553","ipdsId":"IP-098162","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9T7YVOW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Laboratory studies on the thermal biology of freshwater mussels and their host fish species"},{"id":374188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.749755859375,\n 38.66835610151506\n ],\n [\n -73.95996093749999,\n 38.66835610151506\n ],\n [\n -73.95996093749999,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -79.749755859375,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -79.749755859375,\n 38.66835610151506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galbraith, Heather 0000-0003-3704-3517","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-3517","contributorId":207512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbraith","given":"Heather","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":787622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blakeslee, Carrie J. 0000-0002-0801-5325 cblakeslee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0801-5325","contributorId":5462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakeslee","given":"Carrie","email":"cblakeslee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spooner, Daniel E. 0000-0002-5408-4364 dspooner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5408-4364","contributorId":4603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spooner","given":"Daniel","email":"dspooner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lellis, William A. 0000-0001-7806-2904 wlellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7806-2904","contributorId":2369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"William","email":"wlellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70219459,"text":"70219459 - 2020 - Did ice-charging generate volcanic lightning during the 2016–2017 eruption of Bogoslof volcano, Alaska?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T12:43:36.88489","indexId":"70219459","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-06T07:41:23","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Did ice-charging generate volcanic lightning during the 2016–2017 eruption of Bogoslof volcano, Alaska?","docAbstract":"

The 2016–2017 shallow submarine eruption of Bogoslof volcano in Alaska injected plumes of ash and seawater to maximum heights of ~ 12 km. More than 4550 volcanic lightning strokes were detected by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) and Vaisala’s Global Lightning Dataset (GLD360) over 9 months. Lightning assisted monitoring efforts by confirming ash-producing explosions in near-real time, but only 32 out of the 70 explosive events produced detectable lightning. What led to electrical activity within some of the volcanic plumes, but not others? And why did the lightning intensity wax and wane over the lifetime of individual explosions? We address these questions using multiparametric observations from ground-based lightning sensors, satellite imagery, photographs, acoustic signals, and 1D plume modeling. Detailed time-series of monitoring data show that the plumes did not produce detectable lightning until they rose higher than the atmospheric freezing level (approximated by − 20 °C temperatures). For example, on 28 May 2017 (event 40), the delayed onset of lightning coincides with modeled ice formation in upper levels of the plume. Model results suggest that microphysical conditions inside the plume rivaled those of severe thunderstorms, with liquid water contents > 5 g m−3 and vigorous updrafts > 40 m s−1 in the mixed-phase region where liquid water and ice coexist. Based on these findings, we infer that ‘thunderstorm-style’ collisional ice-charging catalyzed the volcanic lightning. However, charge mechanisms likely operated on a continuum, with silicate collisions dominating electrification in the near-vent region, and ice charging taking over in the upper-level plumes. A key implication of this study is that lightning during the Bogoslof eruption provided a reliable indicator of sustained, ash-rich plumes (and associated hazards) above the atmospheric freezing level.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-019-1350-5","usgsCitation":"Van Eaton, A.R., Schneider, D.J., Smith, C.M., Haney, M.M., Lyons, J.J., Said, R., Fee, D., Holzworth, R.H., and Mastin, L.G., 2020, Did ice-charging generate volcanic lightning during the 2016–2017 eruption of Bogoslof volcano, Alaska?: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 82, 24, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-019-1350-5.","productDescription":"24, 23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113713","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384923,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bogoslof volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.7939453125,\n 52.61639023304539\n ],\n [\n -157.939453125,\n 52.61639023304539\n ],\n [\n -157.939453125,\n 55.825973254619015\n ],\n [\n -168.7939453125,\n 55.825973254619015\n ],\n [\n -168.7939453125,\n 52.61639023304539\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Eaton, Alexa R. 0000-0001-6646-4594 avaneaton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-4594","contributorId":184079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Eaton","given":"Alexa","email":"avaneaton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, David J. 0000-0001-9092-1054 djschneider@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9092-1054","contributorId":198601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"David","email":"djschneider@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":813662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Cassandra Marie 0000-0003-2653-4249 cassandrasmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2653-4249","contributorId":257000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Cassandra","email":"cassandrasmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. 0000-0003-3317-7884 mhaney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-7884","contributorId":172948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lyons, John J. 0000-0001-5409-1698 jlyons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-1698","contributorId":5394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","email":"jlyons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Said, Ryan 0000-0002-8095-4204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8095-4204","contributorId":257003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Said","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51953,"text":"Vaisala, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fee, David","contributorId":251816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fee","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Holzworth, Robert H.","contributorId":210180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holzworth","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70250307,"text":"70250307 - 2020 - Discrimination of biological scatterers in polarimetric weather radar data: Opportunities and challenges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-01T12:58:33.241741","indexId":"70250307","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-06T06:56:11","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discrimination of biological scatterers in polarimetric weather radar data: Opportunities and challenges","docAbstract":"
For radar aeroecology studies, the identification of the type of scatterer is critically important. Here, we used a random forest (RF) algorithm to develop a variety of scatterer classification models based on the backscatter values in radar resolution volumes of six radar variables (reflectivity, radial velocity, spectrum width, differential reflectivity, correlation coefficient, and differential phase) from seven types of biological scatterers and one type of meteorological scatterer (rain). Models that discriminated among fewer classes and/or aggregated similar types into more inclusive classes classified with greater accuracy and higher probability. Bioscatterers that shared similarities in phenotype tended to misclassify against one another more frequently than against more dissimilar types, with the greatest degree of misclassification occurring among vertebrates. Polarimetric variables proved critical to classification performance and individual polarimetric variables played central roles in the discrimination of specific scatterers. Not surprisingly, purposely overfit RF models (in one case study) were our highest performing. Such models have a role to play in situations where the inclusion of natural history can play an outsized role in model performance. In the future, bioscatter classification will become more nuanced, pushing machine-learning model development to increasingly rely on independent validation of scatterer types and more precise knowledge of the physical and behavioral properties of the scatterer.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs12030545","usgsCitation":"Gauthreaux, S., and Diehl, R.H., 2020, Discrimination of biological scatterers in polarimetric weather radar data: Opportunities and challenges: Remote Sensing, v. 12, no. 3, 545, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030545.","productDescription":"545, 31 p.","ipdsId":"IP-114838","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030545","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":423140,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gauthreaux, Sidney","contributorId":332091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gauthreaux","given":"Sidney","affiliations":[{"id":36403,"text":"University of Illinois","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diehl, Robert H. 0000-0001-9141-1734 rhdiehl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9141-1734","contributorId":3396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"Robert","email":"rhdiehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":889387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209069,"text":"70209069 - 2020 - Modeling pathogen dispersal in marine fish and shellfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-13T06:54:31","indexId":"70209069","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-06T06:53:30","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3890,"text":"Trends in Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling pathogen dispersal in marine fish and shellfish","docAbstract":"Bio-physical models are a useful tool for understanding dispersal and transmission of marine pathogens. While utilized for larval dispersal models, they are only recently being used in epidemiological studies and are currently underutilized by the marine epidemiology field.\n\nBio-physical models are useful for spatial planning and coastal management. For example, they have been used for spatial planning of salmon farm site locations, and to establish early warning networks.\n\nBio-physical modeling can be used to test hypotheses, rather than simply develop them.\n\nModel resolution and computation demands must be balanced when making decisions about model parameters.\n\nEpidemiological bio-physical models are in their infancy. While they have proven useful so far, future applications of these models can incorporate more aspects of disease dynamics and address many additional questions.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/j.pt.2019.12.013","usgsCitation":"Cantrell, D.L., Groner, M.L., Ben-Horin, T., Grant, J., and Revie, C.W., 2020, Modeling pathogen dispersal in marine fish and shellfish: Trends in Parasitology, v. 36, no. 3, p. 239-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2019.12.013.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"249","ipdsId":"IP-112346","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/72017/1/Cantrell_etal_TiP_2020_Modeling_pathogen_dispersal_in_marine_fish_and_shellfish.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":373227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cantrell, Danielle L","contributorId":223273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cantrell","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":40700,"text":"Health Management Department, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groner, Maya L. 0000-0002-3381-6415","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3381-6415","contributorId":213541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groner","given":"Maya","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ben-Horin, Tal","contributorId":58137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ben-Horin","given":"Tal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grant, Jon","contributorId":223275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40701,"text":"Oceanography Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Revie, Crawford W.","contributorId":213965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Revie","given":"Crawford","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":38940,"text":"Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada, C1A 4P3","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70227765,"text":"70227765 - 2020 - Mule deer habitat selection following vegetation thinning treatments in New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T12:55:22.232514","indexId":"70227765","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-06T06:52:27","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mule deer habitat selection following vegetation thinning treatments in New Mexico","docAbstract":"

Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) survival and population growth in north-central New Mexico, USA, was previously reported to be limited by nutritional constraints due to poor forage conditions in degraded habitats. Management recommendations suggested thinning of pinyon–juniper to improve habitat quality for mule deer. To evaluate the influence of these vegetation treatments, we monitored habitat selection by 48 adult female mule deer from 2011 to 2013 in a population previously reported to be nutritionally limited. Monitoring occurred 1–4 years after completion of treatments that were intended to improve forage conditions, including mechanical reduction of pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniperus spp.) density and senescent brush (Quercus gambelii–Cercocarpus montanus) cover. During the summer season, deer selected recently treated areas, but odds ratios decreased with treatment age. However, during winter, deer avoided more recently treated areas and selected thinned areas >4 years old. Deer selected mixed oak (Quercus spp.) and pinyon–juniper savanna vegetation cover types with a moderately open canopy and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests while avoiding grasslands and montane shrublands across all seasons. Deer selected areas closer to water and developed areas, northeast aspects, on gentle slopes, and at lower elevations. Creating a savanna-like cover type may elicit a positive deer response as a result of their strong avoidance of dense, closed canopy pinyon–juniper woodlands. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1062","usgsCitation":"Sorensen, G.E., Kramer, D.W., Cain, J.W., Taylor, C.A., Gipson, P.S., Wallace, M.C., Cox, R., and Ballard, W.B., 2020, Mule deer habitat selection following vegetation thinning treatments in New Mexico: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 44, no. 1, p. 122-129, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1062.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"129","ipdsId":"IP-092003","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/eb0ec65f55144fa991e73fd2b0b42b3f","text":"External Repository"},{"id":395036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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III 0000-0003-4743-516X jwcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-516X","contributorId":4063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jwcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Chase A.","contributorId":107215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Chase","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gipson, Philip S.","contributorId":71495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gipson","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wallace, Mark C.","contributorId":272545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallace","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37463,"text":"TTU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cox, Robert D.","contributorId":272546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cox","given":"Robert D.","affiliations":[{"id":37463,"text":"TTU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ballard, Warren B.","contributorId":172887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballard","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70208482,"text":"70208482 - 2020 - Effect of copper salts on hydrothermal oxidative decarboxylation: A study of phenylacetic acid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T15:40:59","indexId":"70208482","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-06T06:51:53","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1211,"text":"Chemical Communications (London)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of copper salts on hydrothermal oxidative decarboxylation: A study of phenylacetic acid","docAbstract":"

Decarboxylation of carboxylic acids is favored under hydrothermal conditions, and can be influenced by dissolved metals. Here, we use phenylacetic acid as a model compound to study its hydrothermal decarboxylation in the presence of copper(II) salts but no O2. Our results showed a strong oxidizing role of copper in facilitating oxidative decarboxylation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/C9CC09825A","usgsCitation":"Fu, X., Jamison, M., Jubb, A., Liao, Y., Aspin, A., Hayes, K., Glein, C.R., and Yang, Z., 2020, Effect of copper salts on hydrothermal oxidative decarboxylation: A study of phenylacetic acid: Chemical Communications (London), v. 56, no. 18, p. 2791-2794, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9CC09825A.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2791","endPage":"2794","ipdsId":"IP-114238","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fu, Xuan","contributorId":222396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fu","given":"Xuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jamison, Megan","contributorId":222399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jamison","given":"Megan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jubb, Aaron M. 0000-0001-6875-1079","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-1079","contributorId":201978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jubb","given":"Aaron M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liao, Yiju","contributorId":222398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liao","given":"Yiju","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aspin, Alexandria","contributorId":222400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aspin","given":"Alexandria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayes, Kyle","contributorId":222397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Glein, Christopher R.","contributorId":222401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glein","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yang, Ziming","contributorId":222402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Ziming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70208491,"text":"70208491 - 2020 - Coexisting seismic behavior of transform faults revealed by high-resolution bathymetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-06T21:48:06.494638","indexId":"70208491","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-06T06:39:48","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coexisting seismic behavior of transform faults revealed by high-resolution bathymetry","docAbstract":"Transform faults are known to have anomalously low rates of seismicity, but no direct observations reveal why this is the case. We use new, autonomous underwater vehicle high-resolution seafloor mapping to image the morphology of and offsets along transform fault segments in the Gulf of California. Fault splays display a varied history of activation and deactivation of individual fault strands over time, not unlike those mapped onshore or imaged within the bathymetry of the Queen Charlotte-Fairweather and the Palos Verdes faults of offshore western Canada and Southern California. A series of six identically offset depositional fans evidence 21–23 meters of slip along the main transform fault, which could not have been produced by a single earthquake. Rather, the lack of smaller-magnitude offsets indicates synchronous deposition and an absence of multiple slope failure-inducing earthquakes, thus providing the first direct evidence that creep and earthquakes occur at different times in the slip history of a given transform fault segment.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G46663.1","usgsCitation":"Hilley, G.E., Sare, R.M., Aron, F., Baden, C., Caress, D., Castillo, C.M., Dobbs, S.C., Gooley, J., Johnstone, S., Liu, F., McHargue, T., Nevitt, J.M., Paull, C.K., Shumaker, L.E., Traer, M.M., and Young, H.H., 2020, Coexisting seismic behavior of transform faults revealed by high-resolution bathymetry: Geology, v. 48, no. 4, p. 379-384, https://doi.org/10.1130/G46663.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"379","endPage":"384","ipdsId":"IP-109135","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science 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M","contributorId":222431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nevitt","given":"Josie","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Paull, Charles K. 0000-0001-5940-3443","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-3443","contributorId":55825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":782132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Shumaker, Lauren E.","contributorId":207546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shumaker","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37560,"text":"Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Traer, Miles M","contributorId":222432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Traer","given":"Miles","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Young, Holly H","contributorId":222433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70211220,"text":"70211220 - 2020 - What's in the hump of the humpback chub?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-17T21:00:52.088537","indexId":"70211220","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-05T15:58:26","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What's in the hump of the humpback chub?","docAbstract":"

The function of the nuchal hump on adult humpback chub (Gila cypha) has been the subject of longtime conjecture. Hypotheses about the purpose of the hump range from it being a feature that confers hydrodynamic advantages in swift water to speculation about how the hump may have reduced predation vulnerability to Colorado pikeminnows (Ptychocheilus lucius). We used comparative histology of the head region of captive-reared and wild specimens of humpback chub to evaluate whether histological examination could give insight into the function of the hump. Tissues were sectioned, stained, and photographed under a microscope at 2×, 4×, and 40× magnification. The hump is composed almost entirely of skeletal muscle, with little nervous system innervation or fatty tissue. Hump muscle and dorsal muscle appear very similar in terms of muscle cell size, fat content, and connective tissue content. No apparent differences exist between the hump tissues of wild-caught and captive-reared individuals. Histological analysis and study of the anatomical structure of the head through dissection, along with evidence from other species, suggest that the hump evolved to reduce predation vulnerability. Although the reason for the evolution of the hump in humpback chub remains uncertain, additional information about the composition of the hump can help to support or refute hypotheses related to its function.

","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3398/064.080.0112","usgsCitation":"Ward, D., and Ward, M.B., 2020, What's in the hump of the humpback chub?: Western North American Naturalist, v. 80, no. 1, p. 98-104, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.080.0112.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"104","ipdsId":"IP-102056","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, David 0000-0002-3355-0637","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3355-0637","contributorId":216231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, Michael B.","contributorId":182337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208851,"text":"70208851 - 2020 - Category count models for adaptive management of metapopulations: Case study of an imperiled salamander","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-06T23:17:56.775258","indexId":"70208851","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-05T11:13:58","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5803,"text":"Conservation Science and Practice","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Category count models for adaptive management of metapopulations: Case study of an imperiled salamander","docAbstract":"

Managing spatially structured populations of imperiled species presents many challenges. Spatial structure can make it difficult to predict population responses to potential recovery activities, and learning through experimentation may not be advised if it could harm threatened populations. Adaptive management provides an appealing framework when experimentation is considered too risky or time consuming; we used such an approach for imperiled flatwoods salamanders at a Florida wildlife refuge. We represented this metapopulation with category count models and used stochastic dynamic programming to identify optimal decision policies that weighed trade‐offs between metapopulation persistence and management costs. We defined possible wetland categories in terms of habitat suitability and occupancy, specified category‐specific management actions, and identified transition probabilities via expert elicitation for two management strategies: “future” status quo (FSQ; frequent growing‐season burns) and extra management actions (EMA; restoration, translocation, head‐starting). We simulated metapopulation dynamics using the resulting optimal management policy and found that under model FSQ, occupancy steadily declined over time, indicating that populations would rapidly become extirpated; with model EMA, occupancy remained stable, suggesting that populations would persist only if additional actions are applied and are effective. This approach can be used to identify optimal solutions while accounting for uncertainty and considering both habitat and population dynamics, and to help managers make conservation decisions for populations at imminent risk of extinction.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1111/csp2.180","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, K., Fackler, P.L., Johnson, F.A., Bonneau, M., Martin, J., and Walls, S.C., 2020, Category count models for adaptive management of metapopulations: Case study of an imperiled salamander: Conservation Science and Practice, v. 2, no. 4, e180, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.180.","productDescription":"e180, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-104504","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457832,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.180","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K3ZA2D","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Wetland transition probabilities for category count model elicited from experts at 2015 workshop"},{"id":372850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.51919555664062,\n 29.895424526240554\n ],\n [\n -84.26239013671875,\n 29.895424526240554\n ],\n [\n -84.26239013671875,\n 30.139189195422194\n ],\n [\n -84.51919555664062,\n 30.139189195422194\n ],\n [\n -84.51919555664062,\n 29.895424526240554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Katherine M. 0000-0001-9023-174X kmodonnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9023-174X","contributorId":176897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Katherine M.","email":"kmodonnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fackler, Paul L.","contributorId":17487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fackler","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Fred A. 0000-0002-5854-3695 fjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-3695","contributorId":2773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred","email":"fjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonneau, Mathieu","contributorId":150041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonneau","given":"Mathieu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, Julien 0000-0002-7375-129X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-129X","contributorId":213994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Julien","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Walls, Susan C. 0000-0001-7391-9155 swalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-9155","contributorId":138952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walls","given":"Susan","email":"swalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70216658,"text":"70216658 - 2020 - Feeding ecology drives lead exposure of facultative and obligate avian scavengers in the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T16:45:41.862852","indexId":"70216658","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-05T10:39:09","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding ecology drives lead exposure of facultative and obligate avian scavengers in the eastern United States","docAbstract":"

Lead poisoning of scavenging birds is a global issue. However, the drivers of lead exposure of avian scavengers have been understood from the perspective of individual species, not cross‐taxa assemblages. We analyzed blood (n = 285) and liver (n = 226) lead concentrations of 5 facultative (American crows [Corvus brachyrhynchos], bald eagles [Haliaeetus leucocephalus], golden eagles [Aquila chrysaetos], red‐shouldered hawks [Buteo lineatus], and red‐tailed hawks [Buteo jamaicensis]) and 2 obligate (black vultures [Coragyps atratus] and turkey vultures [Cathartes aura] avian scavenger species to identify lead exposure patterns. Species and age were significant (α < 0.05) predictors of blood lead exposure of facultative scavengers; species, but not age, was a significant predictor of their liver lead exposure. We detected temporal variations in lead concentrations of facultative scavengers (blood: median = 4.41 µg/dL in spring and summer vs 13.08 µg/dL in autumn and winter; p = <0.001; liver: 0.32 ppm in spring and summer vs median = 4.25 ppm in autumn and winter; p = <0.001). At the species level, we detected between‐period differences in blood lead concentrations of bald eagles (p = 0.01) and red‐shouldered hawks during the winter (p = 0.001). During summer, obligate scavengers had higher liver lead concentrations than did facultative scavengers (median = 1.76 ppm vs 0.22 ppm; p = <0.001). These data suggest that the feeding ecology of avian scavengers is a determinant of the degree to which they are lead exposed, and they highlight the importance of dietary and behavioral variation in determining lead exposure. 

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Ernesto","contributorId":223077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dominguez-Villegas","given":"Ernesto","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37079,"text":"Wildlife Center of Virginia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Behmke, Shannon","contributorId":195117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behmke","given":"Shannon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":191353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70219049,"text":"70219049 - 2020 - Evidence of wildfires and elevated atmospheric oxygen at the Frasnian–Famennian boundary in New York (USA): Implications for the Late Devonian mass extinction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-22T13:26:33.056379","indexId":"70219049","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-05T08:23:26","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of wildfires and elevated atmospheric oxygen at the Frasnian–Famennian boundary in New York (USA): Implications for the Late Devonian mass extinction","docAbstract":"

The Devonian Period experienced significant fluctuations of atmospheric oxygen (O2) levels (∼25–13%), for which the extent and timing are debated. Also characteristic of the Devonian Period, at the Frasnian–Famennian (F–F) boundary, is one of the “big five” mass extinction events of the Phanerozoic. Fossilized charcoal (inertinite) provides a record of wildfire events, which in turn can provide insight into the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems and the atmospheric composition. Here, we report organic petrology, programmed pyrolysis analysis, major and trace element analyses, and initial osmium isotope (Osi) stratigraphy from five sections of Upper Devonian (F–F interval) from western New York, USA. These data are discussed to infer evidence of a wildfire event at the F–F boundary. Based on the evidence for a wildfire at the F–F boundary we also provide an estimate of atmospheric O2 levels of ∼23–25% at this interval, which is in agreement with the models that predict elevated pO2 levels during the Late Devonian. This, coupled with our Os isotope records, support the currently published Osi data that lacks any evidence for an extra-terrestrial impact or volcanic event at the F–F interval, and therefore to act as a trigger for the F–F mass extinction. The elevated O2 level at the F–F interval inferred from this study supports the hypothesis that pCO2 drawdown and associated climate cooling may have acted as a driving mechanism of the F–F mass extinction.

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