Reaeration coefficients (k2), which are rate constants for the process of oxygen absorption from the atmosphere, have been computed for Michigan's streams using an equation developed by Bennett and Rathbun (1972). Mean velocity and mean depth data, which are necessary for the computation, have been extracted from discharge measurements made at gaging stations throughout the State. The computed k2 values have been related to channel slopes obtained from topographic maps. Regression equations have been derived that express the relation of k2 to slope for streams at mean flow, median flow, 7-day 2-year low flow, and 7-day 10-year low flow. The equations indicate that an increase in channel slope or a decrease in streamflow increases k2.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/ofr7354","usgsCitation":"Cummings, T.R., 1973, Relation of channel slope to reaeration of Michigan streams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-54, ii, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7354.","productDescription":"ii, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0054/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":343651,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0054/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\nLevel I operations at a proposed site would monitor current and potential problems, water-quality changes in subreaches of streams, and water-quality trends in time and place. Level II operations would monitor current or potential problems only. An optimum system would require Level I operations at all nine stations. A minimum system would require Level II operations at most of the stations.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr741013","usgsCitation":"Boettcher, A.J., 1973, Evaluation of the ground-water supply at eight sites in Glacier National Park, northwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-1013, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr741013.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":430849,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":172501,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1013/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.05529549260926,\n 26.356214076233528\n ],\n [\n -80.44198161127781,\n 26.356214076233528\n ],\n [\n -80.44198161127781,\n 25.931034535805836\n ],\n [\n -80.05529549260926,\n 25.931034535805836\n ],\n [\n -80.05529549260926,\n 26.356214076233528\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.97010355195877,\n 48.98038983499819\n ],\n [\n -115.97010355195877,\n 47.919918242263435\n ],\n [\n -112.2276326545593,\n 47.919918242263435\n ],\n [\n -112.2276326545593,\n 48.98038983499819\n ],\n [\n -115.97010355195877,\n 48.98038983499819\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa34f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boettcher, Arnold J.","contributorId":93025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boettcher","given":"Arnold","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":62512,"text":"gq1064 - 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F.","contributorId":24754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonilla, M. G.","contributorId":33698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonilla","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sims, J.D.","contributorId":9230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sims","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallace, J.B.","contributorId":10871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frizzell, V. A. Jr.","contributorId":39376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frizzell","given":"V.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":14820,"text":"ofr73179 - 1973 - Salt structure and sediment thickness, Texas-Louisiana continental slope, northwestern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:07","indexId":"ofr73179","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-179","title":"Salt structure and sediment thickness, Texas-Louisiana continental slope, northwestern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"The objectives of this study were to determine the general configuration of the salt surface beneath the Texas-Louisiana continental slope and to isopach the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary section lying upon it.\r\n\r\nThe structure contour map discloses that the entire slope province between the shelf edge and Sigsbee Escarpment is underlain by salt structures which interconnect at relatively shallow subbottom depths. Salt structures on the slope south of Louisiana and eastern Texas can be grouped according to structural relief and size which define morphological belts of decreasing deformational maturity in a downslope direction. Off northern Mexico and southernmost Texas, salt structures are anticlinal and their trends suggest a structural relationship with the folds of the Mexican Ridge province to the south. Structural trends in the two slope areas meet in the corner of the northwestern gulf where salt structure may have been influenced by a seaward extension of the San Marcos Arch, or an abrupt change in subsalt structural topography.\r\n\r\nSediment thickness above the top of salt on the slope averages about 1,400 m (4,620 ft) which is a smaller average than expected from previous estimates. In some synclinal basins between salt structures, sediments may be as thick as 4,000-5,000 m (12,000-17,000 ft). On the average, sedimentary deposits in basins on the upper slope are thicker than on the lower slope. From the isopach map of sediments above salt it is estimated that the U.S. continental slope off Texas and Louisiana contains a sedimentary volume of about 170,000 km3 (41,000 mi3). The bulk of this volume is situated in synclinal basins between domes and principally in those beneath the upper and middle slope regions.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr73179","usgsCitation":"Martin, R.G., 1973, Salt structure and sediment thickness, Texas-Louisiana continental slope, northwestern Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-179, 21 p. :5 folded maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73179.","productDescription":"21 p. :5 folded maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106554,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8771.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8771"},{"id":148908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0179/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43606,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0179/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43607,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0179/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43608,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0179/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43609,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0179/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43610,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0179/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43611,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0179/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdefb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Raymond G. Jr.","contributorId":6069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Raymond","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":64265,"text":"gp889 - 1973 - Simple Bouguer gravity and generalized geologic map and aeromagnetic profiles of the Schmidt Hills Quadrangle and part of the Gambacorta Peak Quadrangle, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:56","indexId":"gp889","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"889","title":"Simple Bouguer gravity and generalized geologic map and aeromagnetic profiles of the Schmidt Hills Quadrangle and part of the Gambacorta Peak Quadrangle, Antarctica","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gp889","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., Rambo, W., Henderson, J.R., and Meister, L., 1973, Simple Bouguer gravity and generalized geologic map and aeromagnetic profiles of the Schmidt Hills Quadrangle and part of the Gambacorta Peak Quadrangle, Antarctica: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 889, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/gp889.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":250854,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0889/report.pdf","size":"344","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":250855,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0889/plate-1.pdf","size":"2944","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":250856,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0889/plate-2.pdf","size":"2785","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0889/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -60,-84.75 ], [ -60,-83 ], [ -50,-83 ], [ -50,-84.75 ], [ -60,-84.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3a27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":270357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rambo, William","contributorId":86427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rambo","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henderson, J. R.","contributorId":78705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meister, Laurent","contributorId":12477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meister","given":"Laurent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":62719,"text":"gq1112 - 1973 - Geologic map of the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir quadrangle, Yosemite National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:39","indexId":"gq1112","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1112","title":"Geologic map of the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir quadrangle, Yosemite National Park, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq1112","usgsCitation":"Kistler, R.W., 1973, Geologic map of the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir quadrangle, Yosemite National Park, California: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1112, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1112.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":101983,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_350.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"350"},{"id":248875,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1112/report.pdf","size":"35","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1112/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"62500","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.75,37.75 ], [ -119.75,38 ], [ -119.5,38 ], [ -119.5,37.75 ], [ -119.75,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69815b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kistler, Ronald Wayne","contributorId":27857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":267776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":61123,"text":"mf495 - 1973 - Preliminary geologic and tectonic maps of Oregon east of the 121st meridian","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:49","indexId":"mf495","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"495","title":"Preliminary geologic and tectonic maps of Oregon east of the 121st meridian","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf495","usgsCitation":"Walker, G.W., 1973, Preliminary geologic and tectonic maps of Oregon east of the 121st meridian: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 495, 2 maps ;97 x 72 cm. and 45 x 36 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf495.","productDescription":"2 maps ;97 x 72 cm. and 45 x 36 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104116,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_2939.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"2939"},{"id":186729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,42 ], [ -121,46 ], [ -117,46 ], [ -117,42 ], [ -121,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c2da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, G. W.","contributorId":29070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26621,"text":"wri7311 - 1973 - The hydrology of ten streams in western Washington as related to several Pacific salmon species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-15T10:35:03","indexId":"wri7311","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-11","title":"The hydrology of ten streams in western Washington as related to several Pacific salmon species","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7311","usgsCitation":"Collings, M.R., and Hill, G.W., 1973, The hydrology of ten streams in western Washington as related to several Pacific salmon species: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 73-11, x, 149 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7311.","productDescription":"x, 149 p. 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