A model for climatic change, and particularly for the changes of the late Cenozoic, involves as its primary variables the albedo of the earth and the heat storage characteristics of the oceans. Geography exerts a strong influence. The model proposed does not require metaphysical causes or astronomical events other than known variations in the earth's orbit.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Adam, D.P., 1973, Ice ages and the thermal equilibrium of the earth: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 1, no. 5, p. 587-596.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"587","endPage":"596","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314060,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1973/vol1issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"1","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5690ebcee4b09c7f9a218bdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adam, David P.","contributorId":36132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70161913,"text":"70161913 - 1973 - Changes in floodflow characteristics of a rectified channel caused by vegetation, Jackson, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-08T18:53:28","indexId":"70161913","displayToPublicDate":"1973-08-01T01:15:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in floodflow characteristics of a rectified channel caused by vegetation, Jackson, Mississippi","docAbstract":"Extreme changes in velocity, stage, and Manning's roughness coefficient, n, were observed during the first year after canalization of Hanging Moss Creek at Jackson, Miss. Additional changes were observed during the following 8 years. The channel, constructed during the summer of 1963, had a 50-foot-wide bottom, 2:1 side slopes, and 12-foot depth. In March 1964, average velocities of 7.8 feet per second were measured at a 5 1/2-foot depth in the clean channel and Manning's n was computed to be 0.022. In October 1964 the average velocity was
3.2 fps at a 5 1/2-foot depth and Manning's n was 0.045. The channel was then lined with fairly thick vegetation consisting of small willows,
weeds, and grass. In October 1970 (summer foliage existing) the average velocity was 2.0 fps at a 5 1/2-foot depth and Manning's n was 0.07. Willow trees, 8 to 10 feet high, then lined the channel. In March 1971 (barren foliage), Manning's n was 0.05. In March 1972 (barren foliage), Manning's n was increased to 0.07. These observations indicate that the commonly used values of Manning's n for channel rectification (0.02-0.03) are low and that the carrying capacity of earthen channels may be reduced 50 percent as a result of only 1 year's growth of vegetation and 70 percent as a result of 8 year's growth. The carrying capacity during summer foliage is approximately two-thirds the carrying capacity during barren winter foliage.
Review of quantitative data, restricted range in gold content (rarely more than 10 ppb, generally below 5 ppb), mafic rocks have more, so do early crystallizing minerals, no use in exploration, factors other than concentration determine mineralization; examples
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.68.2.168","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R.I., Gottfried, D., and Rowe, J., 1973, Gold abundance in igneous rocks; bearing on gold mineralization: Economic Geology, v. 68, no. 2, p. 168-186, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.68.2.168.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"186","costCenters":[{"id":153,"text":"California Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1973-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":792411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gottfried, David","contributorId":82295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gottfried","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowe, Jack J.","contributorId":117455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Jack J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70211008,"text":"70211008 - 1973 - Boulder Batholith, Montana: A product of two contemporaneous but chemically distinct magma series","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-09T19:04:19.191197","indexId":"70211008","displayToPublicDate":"1973-07-09T13:52:39","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Boulder Batholith, Montana: A product of two contemporaneous but chemically distinct magma series","docAbstract":"Rocks of the Late Cretaceous composite Boulder batholith, though successively emplaced in a relatively small segment of the Earth's crust within a very brief time span (78 to 68 m.y.), can be grouped chemically into two magma series: (1) the main series, defined principally by plutons in the central and northern parts of the batholith; and (2) the sodic series, defined mostly by plutons in the southern part. For any given SiO2 content, the rocks of the main series tend to be higher in K2O and lower in Na2O than rocks of the sodic series. The chemical distinction between the two series proposed is also expressed by variation patterns for U, Th, Rb, and Sr abundances, by lead isotope compositions, but not by strontium isotope compositions.
The prebatholith Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics (Late Cretaceous), especially the mafic members, are chemically and isotopically similar to the rocks of the main series, confirming geologic evidence of the genetic association between them. The postbatholith Lowland Creek Volcanics (early Eocene), though chemically more closely related to the sodic series, isotopically are more akin to, but slightly more radiogenic than, the main series. Post–Lowland Creek volcanic rocks (Miocene or Pliocene) are compositionally similar to the sodic series rocks. Spatial distribution of the batholith and the volcanic rocks exhibits a very crude chemical zonation of the region: for a given silica content, relatively more potassic rocks (main series and prebatholith volcanic rocks) tend to occur mainly in the north and east, whereas relatively more sodic rocks (sodic series and postbatholith volcanic rocks) predominate in the south and west.
Available field, chemical, and isotopic evidence collectively suggests that the observed compositional variations for the Boulder batholith are most reasonably interpreted in terms of a model involving two magma series derived from two or more magma sources within the lower crust or upper mantle. These source regions are interred to vary chemically and isotopically, either laterally or vertically; in view of the rather small areal extent of the Boulder batholith, however, a vertically zoned source region is more probable.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<3879:BBMAPO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R.I., 1973, Boulder Batholith, Montana: A product of two contemporaneous but chemically distinct magma series: GSA Bulletin, v. 84, no. 12, p. 3879-3900, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<3879:BBMAPO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"3879","endPage":"3900","costCenters":[{"id":153,"text":"California Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Batholith, Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.18115234375,\n 45.78284835197676\n ],\n [\n -111.741943359375,\n 45.78284835197676\n ],\n [\n -111.741943359375,\n 46.81509864599243\n ],\n [\n -113.18115234375,\n 46.81509864599243\n ],\n [\n -113.18115234375,\n 45.78284835197676\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":792410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70241873,"text":"70241873 - 1973 - Oil and ice in the Arctic Ocean: Possible large-scale interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-29T18:07:30.598729","indexId":"70241873","displayToPublicDate":"1973-07-06T12:49:14","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oil and ice in the Arctic Ocean: Possible large-scale interactions","docAbstract":"The diffusion and transport mechanisms generated by the pack ice dynamics of the Beaufort Sea, combined with the slow rate of biodegradation of oil under Arctic conditions, would combine to diffuse an oil spill over the sea and eventually deposit the oil on the ice surface, where it would lower the natural albedo over a large area.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.181.4094.56","usgsCitation":"Campbell, W.J., and Martin, S., 1973, Oil and ice in the Arctic Ocean: Possible large-scale interactions: Science, v. 181, no. 4094, p. 56-58, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.181.4094.56.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"58","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -44.56355070089106,\n 59.91094205479524\n ],\n [\n 315.13289457332934,\n 59.91094205479524\n ],\n [\n 315.13289457332934,\n 84.96307163062892\n ],\n [\n -44.56355070089106,\n 84.96307163062892\n ],\n [\n -44.56355070089106,\n 59.91094205479524\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"181","issue":"4094","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, W. J.","contributorId":8614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, S.","contributorId":303757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010108,"text":"70010108 - 1973 - Methane in Lake Kivu: New data bearing on its origin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-23T16:55:42.3782","indexId":"70010108","displayToPublicDate":"1973-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane in Lake Kivu: New data bearing on its origin","docAbstract":"Lake Kivu, an African rift lake, contains about 50 cubic kilometers of methane (at standard temperature and pressure) in its deep water. Data resulting from two recent expeditions to the lake and a reevaluation of earlier data suggest that most of the methane was formed by bacteria from abiogenetic carbon dioxide and hydrogen, rather than being of volcanic origin or having formed from decomposing organic matter.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.181.4094.51","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Deuser, W., Degens, E., Harvey, G., and Rubin, M., 1973, Methane in Lake Kivu: New data bearing on its origin: Science, v. 181, no. 4094, p. 51-54, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.181.4094.51.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218701,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda","otherGeospatial":"Lake Kivu","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 28.823229091782366,\n -1.4988646542442865\n ],\n [\n 28.823229091782366,\n -2.3846030129669913\n ],\n [\n 29.37636878150829,\n -2.3846030129669913\n ],\n [\n 29.37636878150829,\n -1.4988646542442865\n ],\n [\n 28.823229091782366,\n -1.4988646542442865\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"181","issue":"4094","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a552ce4b0c8380cd6d15c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deuser, W.G.","contributorId":17361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deuser","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":357932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Degens, E.T.","contributorId":76321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Degens","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, G.R.","contributorId":52713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rubin, M.","contributorId":88079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1001627,"text":"1001627 - 1973 - Analysis of radiotracking data using digitized habitat maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-24T16:32:54.726748","indexId":"1001627","displayToPublicDate":"1973-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of radiotracking data using digitized habitat maps","docAbstract":"A method is described that provides a rapid and accurate analysis of habitat used by radio-equipped animals. The digitizer (basically an X-Y plotter in reverse) converts maps into digital form by describing each habitat unit as a polygon that closely approximates the actual shape of the unit. The coordinates of each polygon are then stored on magnetic tape. Habitat classification data and other information are coded and combined with the proper polygon coordinates. This results in one file containing all habitat data. A computer program with inputs of tracking data and habitat data provides a listing of the habitat used by the animals studied. Analysis of habitat used by radio-equipped ducks is demonstrated using this method.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800133","usgsCitation":"Gilmer, D., Miller, S., and Cowardin, L., 1973, Analysis of radiotracking data using digitized habitat maps: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 37, no. 3, p. 404-409, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800133.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"404","endPage":"409","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130529,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"north-central Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.9482547291478,\n 48.36578955797768\n ],\n [\n -95.9482547291478,\n 46.745802177977566\n ],\n [\n -93.07791800075094,\n 46.745802177977566\n ],\n [\n -93.07791800075094,\n 48.36578955797768\n ],\n [\n -95.9482547291478,\n 48.36578955797768\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6803fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilmer, D.S.","contributorId":22270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, S.E.","contributorId":31342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001287,"text":"1001287 - 1973 - Mercury residues in pintails breeding in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-24T16:36:24.851935","indexId":"1001287","displayToPublicDate":"1973-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury residues in pintails breeding in North Dakota","docAbstract":"Livers of 42 pintail hens (Anas acuta) breeding in eastern North Dakota during the spring and early summer of 1969 and 1970 were analyzed for total mercury by the neutron activation technique. Mercury content on a wet weight basis ranged from 0.055 ppm to 9.512 ppm and averaged 0.888 ± 1.796 ppm (SD). Liver mercury levels of hens collected in early spring (prior to planting of crops) were significantly lower than those of hens taken late in the nesting season (P < 0.01). Mercury residues among prelaying, laying, and postlaying groups collected following the onset of spring planting did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). Albumen mercury residue was correlated with liver mercury content (r = 0.756, P < 0.05). Mercury content in livers of five wild juveniles averaged 0.123 ± 0.074 ppm.
The sheetlike solution cavities that supply water to most wells in central Tennessee are 100 to 2,500 feet wide and less than 0.2 inch high. These dimensions have a scale similar to those in Hele-Shaw models. Both logical and mathematical evidence indicate laminar ground-water flow, except close to pumping wells. The Theis nonequilibrium formula may be used to analyze aquifer-test data and to calculate significant values for transmissivity and storage. The Navier-Stokes equation and the Darcy equation for steady-state conditions may be used to estimate cavity dimensions.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1973.tb02976.x","usgsCitation":"Moore, G.K., 1973, Hydraulics of sheetlike solution cavities: Groundwater, v. 11, no. 4, p. 4-11, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1973.tb02976.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Gerald K.","contributorId":14377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70241484,"text":"70241484 - 1973 - Thermochemical approximations for sulfosalts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T18:08:34.521567","indexId":"70241484","displayToPublicDate":"1973-07-01T12:54:46","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermochemical approximations for sulfosalts","docAbstract":"Most sulfosalts may be regarded as intermediate phases on joins between simple sulfide components (e.g., all lead sulfbismuthinides lie on the PbS-Bi 2 S 3 join). Many of the structures are characterized by subunits whose individual structures are similar to those of the component simple sulfides (e.g., galena-like and stibnite-like layers in the lead sulfantimonides). Therefore, as a first approximation one may estimate the properties of many sulfosalts in terms of mixtures of the simple sulfides.Recent work has shown that the free energy of reaction from the end-member sulfides, delta G m , for more than 20 sulfosalts is usually less negative than the hypothetical ideal free energy of mixing and that the standard free energy of formation, delta G degrees , per gram atom of sulfur in the formula may be represented as:delta G degrees = (N a delta G a degrees + . . . N i delta G i [degree) + (1.2 + or - 0.8)(N a RT ln N a + . . . N i RT ln N i )where N i is the mole fraction of the i-th simple sulfide component, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature in kelvins. The first term is far larger than the second. Estimates made for compounds in which the structural environment for the metals is quite different from that in the end-member sulfides, e.g., enargite, are subject to the greatest uncertainty.The estimated free energies may permit prediction of solubilities to a precision sufficient for many purposes, e.g., for H. C. Helgeson's computer-modeled hydrothermal systems. One may introduce some predictive capability into experimental design and anticipate some aspects of phase diagrams. This is especially true for redox reactions such as the behavior of proustite in the oxidized zone or the partial reduction of jamesonite to antimony + galena + pyrrhotite. However, other aspects, such as the prediction of the configuration of joins, e.g., PbS-As 2 S 3 , requires greater precision than the present rough estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.68.4.493","usgsCitation":"Craig, J.R., and Barton, P.B., 1973, Thermochemical approximations for sulfosalts: Economic Geology, v. 68, no. 4, p. 493-506, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.68.4.493.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"493","endPage":"506","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1973-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, James R.","contributorId":303278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, Paul B. Jr.","contributorId":68406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Paul","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70241483,"text":"70241483 - 1973 - Thermochemistry of ore minerals and its application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T17:48:37.116407","indexId":"70241483","displayToPublicDate":"1973-07-01T12:43:07","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermochemistry of ore minerals and its application","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.68.4.441","usgsCitation":"Naldrett, A., and Toulmin, P., 1973, Thermochemistry of ore minerals and its application: Economic Geology, v. 68, no. 4, p. 441-442, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.68.4.441.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"441","endPage":"442","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1973-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naldrett, A.J.","contributorId":88490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naldrett","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toulmin, Priestley III","contributorId":8522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toulmin","given":"Priestley","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12805,"text":"Univ. of California at San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":866991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70241238,"text":"70241238 - 1973 - Solid solutions in the system Cu-Fe-S, part I: The Cu-S and CuFe-S joins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T16:59:27.609401","indexId":"70241238","displayToPublicDate":"1973-07-01T11:54:12","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solid solutions in the system Cu-Fe-S, part I: The Cu-S and CuFe-S joins","docAbstract":"The data of Rau (1967) on the H 2 S/H 2 ratios of gas in equilibrium with high digenite solid solutions permit the calculation of the activity of Cu 2 S as a function of temperature and composition. The activity of Cu 2 S falls to 0.5 when the mole fraction (in the system Cu 2 S-S) drops only to 0.87. These calculations also permit the estimation of the activity of S 2 -temperature curve for the hexagonal chalcocite-high digenite reaction and a revised standard free energy for covellite.New data on the variation of the activity of S 2 in equilibrium with various metal/sulfur ratios for Cu = Fe in the intermediate solid solution permit the calculation of the activity of CuFeS 2 and show that it may drop as low as 0.2 at a mole fraction of 0.90 (system CuFeS 2 -Cu 2 Fe 2 S 2 ). The behavior of the copper-bearing solid solutions closely parallels that of pyrrhotite (Toulmin and Barton, 1964) in which the activity of FeS falls to 0.4 at a mole fraction of 0.9. A phase diagram is given for the CuFe-S join between 400 degrees and 700 degrees C.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.68.4.455","usgsCitation":"Barton, P.B., 1973, Solid solutions in the system Cu-Fe-S, part I: The Cu-S and CuFe-S joins: Economic Geology, v. 68, no. 4, p. 455-465, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.68.4.455.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"455","endPage":"465","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414238,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1973-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, Paul B. Jr.","contributorId":68406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Paul","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70241198,"text":"70241198 - 1973 - Potassium-Argon ages for minerals from the Ross of Mull, Argyllshire, Scotland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T16:51:35.93667","indexId":"70241198","displayToPublicDate":"1973-07-01T11:31:43","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3361,"text":"Scottish Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potassium-Argon ages for minerals from the Ross of Mull, Argyllshire, Scotland","docAbstract":"Sixteen K-Ar ages for samples of biotite and amphibole from the Ross of Mull and analytical data for the standards Bern 4M and W1 are presented. Ages determined for biotite and amphibole samples from the Caledonian pluton average 423 ± 4 m.y. and 416 ± 4 m.y. respectively. Field observations combined with gravity data indicate that this intrusion was guided by the Moine thrust plane. These ages therefore provide a minimum age for the Moine thrust and their concordance is interpreted in relation to the retentivity of the dated amphiboles to 40Ar inferred from electron microprobe analyses of their composition. A biotite sample from a minette dyke cutting the pluton yielded an age of 406 ± 10 m.y., whereas two samples of amphibole from a fourchite dyke in the Moine country rock yielded early Permian ages of 276 ± 7 m.y. and 274 ± 8 m.y.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/sjg09020147","usgsCitation":"Beckinsale, R.D., and Obradovich, J.D., 1973, Potassium-Argon ages for minerals from the Ross of Mull, Argyllshire, Scotland: Scottish Journal of Geology, v. 9, no. 2, p. 147-156, https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg09020147.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"156","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Scotland, United Kingdom","county":"Argyllshire","otherGeospatial":"Isle of Mull, Ross of Mull","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -5.983143686478229,\n 56.38821087966829\n ],\n [\n -5.994130014602689,\n 56.38631032479125\n ],\n [\n -6.012669443314195,\n 56.39087149716488\n ],\n [\n -6.020909189408229,\n 56.38745066909826\n ],\n [\n -6.015416025344649,\n 56.374524767549644\n ],\n [\n -6.022282480423456,\n 56.36806017196233\n ],\n [\n -6.092320322219905,\n 56.35322548511729\n ],\n [\n -6.0950669042516665,\n 56.34980127604925\n ],\n [\n -6.106739877884422,\n 56.34675727654417\n ],\n [\n -6.136952280228655,\n 56.3501817589061\n ],\n [\n -6.135578989212121,\n 56.344093577691865\n ],\n [\n -6.156178354447121,\n 56.34066854870633\n ],\n [\n -6.1795243017126325,\n 56.343713034100375\n ],\n [\n -6.191883920853655,\n 56.335720741747394\n ],\n [\n -6.201496957962888,\n 56.34066854870633\n ],\n [\n -6.21522986811911,\n 56.33914621489993\n ],\n [\n -6.225529550735303,\n 56.34599623870935\n ],\n [\n -6.2406357519081155,\n 56.34675727654417\n ],\n [\n -6.255741953079593,\n 56.344093577691865\n ],\n [\n -6.25368201655607,\n 56.335340114636665\n ],\n [\n -6.2653549901888255,\n 56.33039161670618\n ],\n [\n -6.2715347997593085,\n 56.34066854870633\n ],\n [\n -6.296254038040047,\n 56.347137789768055\n ],\n [\n -6.319599985306837,\n 56.34637675952473\n ],\n [\n -6.341572641555757,\n 56.35094271323308\n ],\n [\n -6.35667884272857,\n 56.34904029894784\n ],\n [\n -6.377964853470559,\n 56.338765621957606\n ],\n [\n -6.374531625931837,\n 56.32544247711155\n ],\n [\n -6.379338144485786,\n 56.32087347099852\n ],\n [\n -6.382771372024507,\n 56.3060204244716\n ],\n [\n -6.40268409175124,\n 56.28620737573476\n ],\n [\n -6.369038461868257,\n 56.28049016421204\n ],\n [\n -6.35736548823553,\n 56.27019702905858\n ],\n [\n -6.305867075150587,\n 56.262189342017365\n ],\n [\n -6.261235117141808,\n 56.262952051086444\n ],\n [\n -6.247502206985558,\n 56.284301733545874\n ],\n [\n -6.223469614211808,\n 56.28087133824309\n ],\n [\n -6.212483286087348,\n 56.2854451302573\n ],\n [\n -6.1808975927278595,\n 56.282777151406094\n ],\n [\n -6.169224619095104,\n 56.2854451302573\n ],\n [\n -6.156864999954081,\n 56.282777151406094\n ],\n [\n -6.141072153531496,\n 56.28277719006442\n ],\n [\n -6.121159422440002,\n 56.294210061650205\n ],\n [\n -6.087513792558326,\n 56.2949721323709\n ],\n [\n -6.079274046464349,\n 56.298401262577585\n ],\n [\n -6.055241405951676,\n 56.289256211714786\n ],\n [\n -6.038075268256705,\n 56.290780535506144\n ],\n [\n -5.985890209663495,\n 56.31858876892045\n ],\n [\n -5.969410717475483,\n 56.30982945466073\n ],\n [\n -5.928211987006762,\n 56.32087347703174\n ],\n [\n -5.885639965522813,\n 56.350562243995796\n ],\n [\n -5.983143686478229,\n 56.38821087966829\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beckinsale, R. D.","contributorId":303049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beckinsale","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Obradovich, J. D.","contributorId":48966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obradovich","given":"J.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70241234,"text":"70241234 - 1973 - Geochemical and fluid zonation at Copper Canyon, Lander County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T16:33:29.845752","indexId":"70241234","displayToPublicDate":"1973-07-01T11:22:14","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical and fluid zonation at Copper Canyon, Lander County, Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.68.4.565","usgsCitation":"Theodore, T., and Nash, J.T., 1973, Geochemical and fluid zonation at Copper Canyon, Lander County, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 68, no. 4, p. 565-570, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.68.4.565.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"565","endPage":"570","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414236,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Lander County","otherGeospatial":"Copper Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.29596923232097,\n 40.62340380643556\n ],\n [\n -117.29596923232097,\n 40.457249944231535\n ],\n [\n -116.95675809563457,\n 40.457249944231535\n ],\n [\n -116.95675809563457,\n 40.62340380643556\n ],\n [\n -117.29596923232097,\n 40.62340380643556\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1973-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Theodore, Ted G.","contributorId":57840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodore","given":"Ted G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nash, J. Thomas","contributorId":26306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70241913,"text":"70241913 - 1973 - The bearing of the new Late Cambrian monoplacophoran genus Knightoconus upon the origin of the Cephalopoda","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-30T16:26:16.966133","indexId":"70241913","displayToPublicDate":"1973-07-01T10:41:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2614,"text":"Lethaia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The bearing of the new Late Cambrian monoplacophoran genus Knightoconus upon the origin of the Cephalopoda","title":"The bearing of the new Late Cambrian monoplacophoran genus Knightoconus upon the origin of the Cephalopoda","docAbstract":"Knightoconus, a new genus of the Hypseloconidae (Mollusca: Monoplacophora) from rocks of early Franconian age in Antarctica, is multiseptate. The multiple septa are a criticàl feature to be expected in a form ancestral to cephalopods. Fossil cephalopods, however, invariably have a siphuncle as well as septa; some gastropods, some hyolithids, and some monoplacophorans also have septa but lack a siphuncle. Therefore, only the siphuncle can be considered a unique and particularly significant feature of the cephalopod shell. Hypothetical reconstructions of molluscan anatomy support the notion that cephalopods may have been derived directly from a hypseloconid having a high, slightly curved, multiseptate, bilaterally symmetrical shell, by the subsequent development of a siphuncle.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3931.1973.tb01199.x","usgsCitation":"Yochelson, E.L., Flower, R.H., and Webers, G.F., 1973, The bearing of the new Late Cambrian monoplacophoran genus Knightoconus upon the origin of the Cephalopoda: Lethaia, v. 6, no. 3, p. 275-309, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1973.tb01199.x.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"309","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yochelson, Ellis L.","contributorId":90802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yochelson","given":"Ellis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flower, Rousseau H.","contributorId":303830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flower","given":"Rousseau","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webers, Gerald F.","contributorId":87435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webers","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70241914,"text":"70241914 - 1973 - The bearing of the new Late Cambrian monoplacophoran genus Knightoconus upon the origin of the Cephalopoda","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-31T13:37:40.751347","indexId":"70241914","displayToPublicDate":"1973-07-01T10:41:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2614,"text":"Lethaia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The bearing of the new Late Cambrian monoplacophoran genus Knightoconus upon the origin of the Cephalopoda","title":"The bearing of the new Late Cambrian monoplacophoran genus Knightoconus upon the origin of the Cephalopoda","docAbstract":"Knightoconus, a new genus of the Hypseloconidae (Mollusca: Monoplacophora) from rocks of early Franconian age in Antarctica, is multiseptate. The multiple septa are a criticàl feature to be expected in a form ancestral to cephalopods. Fossil cephalopods, however, invariably have a siphuncle as well as septa; some gastropods, some hyolithids, and some monoplacophorans also have septa but lack a siphuncle. Therefore, only the siphuncle can be considered a unique and particularly significant feature of the cephalopod shell. Hypothetical reconstructions of molluscan anatomy support the notion that cephalopods may have been derived directly from a hypseloconid having a high, slightly curved, multiseptate, bilaterally symmetrical shell, by the subsequent development of a siphuncle.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3931.1973.tb01199.x","usgsCitation":"1973, The bearing of the new Late Cambrian monoplacophoran genus Knightoconus upon the origin of the Cephalopoda: Lethaia, v. 6, no. 3, p. 275-309, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1973.tb01199.x.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"309","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415006,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Yochelson, Ellis L.","contributorId":90802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yochelson","given":"Ellis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868307,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flower, Rousseau H.","contributorId":303830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flower","given":"Rousseau","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868308,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webers, Gerald F.","contributorId":87435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webers","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868309,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221225,"text":"5221225 - 1973 - Tests of pesticidal synergism with young pheasants and Japanese quail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-12T06:57:48","indexId":"5221225","displayToPublicDate":"1973-06-16T12:18:38","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tests of pesticidal synergism with young pheasants and Japanese quail","docAbstract":"Thirteen pairs of chemicals involving 18 pesticides and two polychlorinated biphenyl preparations were each fed for 5 days to Japanese quail or ring-necked pheasant chicks 7 to 16 days of age. Malathion + EPN, and malathion + trichlorofon were moderately synergistic in tests with both species, whereas joint toxicities of the other chemicals tended to be additive. Comparisons with other studies of joint action of pesticides against mammals and insects suggest that the two species of birds tested are less susceptible to synergism than are mammals or insects. The results also suggest that the likelihood of a factor of synergism greater than three in birds is not great.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01684833","usgsCitation":"Kreitzer, J., and Spann, J.W., 1973, Tests of pesticidal synergism with young pheasants and Japanese quail: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 9, no. 4, p. 250-256, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01684833.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17035,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/j37480v187765244/?p=44a3994208304658bb62c98fb76dac32&pi=9","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6846d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kreitzer, J.F.","contributorId":57170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreitzer","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spann, J. W.","contributorId":93435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spann","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70181759,"text":"70181759 - 1973 - Ground water and geology of Baraga County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T13:44:57","indexId":"70181759","displayToPublicDate":"1973-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":142,"text":"Water Investigation","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"11","title":"Ground water and geology of Baraga County, Michigan","docAbstract":"Most wells In Baraga County obtain water from beds of sand and gravel in morainal and lakebed deposits or from the Jacobsville Sandstone. Yields of wells range from a few to as much as 115 gallons per minute, but most wells probably yield less than 10 gpm. Large areas, where igneous and metamorphic rocks crop out or are covered only by thin drift, are unfavorable for obtaining enough ground water for even a domestic supply. Quality of water from most wells is satisfactory, although most water supplies are hard and some are high in iron content. Some of the deeper wells in the Jacobsville Sandstone may yield salty water. Most large public water supplies are obtained from Lake Superior, but some smaller supplies are obtained from wells and springs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Michigan Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","usgsCitation":"Doonan, C.J., and Byerlay, J., 1973, Ground water and geology of Baraga County, Michigan: Water Investigation 11, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/GIMDL-WI11_216293_7.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Baraga County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.4511,46.9393],[-88.4559,46.9236],[-88.4628,46.9089],[-88.4666,46.9029],[-88.4754,46.8862],[-88.4786,46.8614],[-88.4771,46.855],[-88.4777,46.8522],[-88.4831,46.8328],[-88.4809,46.8251],[-88.4747,46.8201],[-88.4689,46.8018],[-88.4638,46.7877],[-88.4644,46.7849],[-88.4657,46.7849],[-88.4683,46.7817],[-88.4796,46.7843],[-88.4816,46.7829],[-88.4841,46.7778],[-88.4905,46.7708],[-88.4943,46.7662],[-88.4962,46.7638],[-88.4954,46.7588],[-88.4887,46.7552],[-88.488,46.7548],[-88.4787,46.7526],[-88.4714,46.7532],[-88.4577,46.7589],[-88.4532,46.7654],[-88.4495,46.7751],[-88.4355,46.7941],[-88.4271,46.802],[-88.4194,46.8094],[-88.4019,46.823],[-88.3948,46.8309],[-88.387,46.836],[-88.3838,46.8402],[-88.3846,46.8434],[-88.3887,46.8484],[-88.3961,46.8515],[-88.404,46.8491],[-88.4041,46.8519],[-88.4041,46.8532],[-88.4035,46.8555],[-88.3983,46.8588],[-88.3957,46.8607],[-88.3912,46.8658],[-88.3774,46.8729],[-88.3741,46.8729],[-88.3734,46.8711],[-88.3772,46.8646],[-88.3758,46.8614],[-88.3704,46.8592],[-88.3564,46.8562],[-88.3512,46.859],[-88.3421,46.8669],[-88.333,46.8735],[-88.3004,46.8959],[-88.2972,46.8983],[-88.269,46.9115],[-88.2566,46.9217],[-88.2501,46.9264],[-88.2436,46.9306],[-88.2252,46.9378],[-88.2087,46.9421],[-88.1994,46.945],[-88.193,46.9515],[-88.1851,46.9552],[-88.1725,46.9577],[-88.1679,46.9591],[-88.1594,46.9634],[-88.1574,46.9643],[-88.1501,46.9658],[-88.1435,46.9672],[-88.1361,46.9641],[-88.1308,46.9637],[-88.1308,46.9623],[-88.1433,46.9571],[-88.1452,46.953],[-88.1529,46.9428],[-88.1607,46.9376],[-88.1633,46.9358],[-88.1724,46.9288],[-88.179,46.9241],[-88.2059,46.9109],[-88.2262,46.9019],[-88.2314,46.8982],[-88.2379,46.8908],[-88.2443,46.8829],[-88.2488,46.8773],[-88.2525,46.8681],[-88.2578,46.8653],[-88.2603,46.8602],[-88.2634,46.8528],[-88.2647,46.8501],[-88.2717,46.8399],[-88.2782,46.8361],[-88.2828,46.8324],[-88.2867,46.8305],[-88.2924,46.8217],[-88.293,46.8189],[-88.2825,46.8241],[-88.276,46.8279],[-88.2682,46.8316],[-88.2585,46.841],[-88.2519,46.8429],[-88.2488,46.853],[-88.2463,46.859],[-88.2367,46.8706],[-88.2203,46.8804],[-88.2125,46.8856],[-88.214,46.8929],[-88.2108,46.8957],[-88.2055,46.8967],[-88.1995,46.8954],[-88.1982,46.8963],[-88.1983,46.9],[-88.1871,46.9047],[-88.1739,46.9072],[-88.1719,46.9067],[-88.1599,46.9069],[-88.1473,46.908],[-88.1394,46.9081],[-88.1156,46.9138],[-88.0985,46.9182],[-88.0905,46.9196],[-88.0766,46.9207],[-88.0633,46.9186],[-88.0586,46.9163],[-88.0459,46.9123],[-88.0464,46.7655],[-87.9921,46.7652],[-87.9919,46.7299],[-87.9918,46.7225],[-87.9921,46.6785],[-88.045,46.6788],[-88.0563,46.6791],[-88.1185,46.6793],[-88.1182,46.5042],[-88.1174,46.4194],[-88.2427,46.4197],[-88.3672,46.4194],[-88.6164,46.419],[-88.6816,46.4189],[-88.6799,46.5473],[-88.6797,46.5624],[-88.6794,46.5909],[-88.6796,46.6367],[-88.6797,46.6395],[-88.6798,46.7643],[-88.682,46.8505],[-88.5527,46.8529],[-88.5521,46.9388],[-88.4511,46.9393]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Baraga\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a2d3c4e4b0c82512869a48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doonan, C. J.","contributorId":62592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doonan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byerlay, J.R.","contributorId":181508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byerlay","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010988,"text":"70010988 - 1973 - Avalanche mode of motion: Implications from lunar examples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-23T21:02:27.632847","indexId":"70010988","displayToPublicDate":"1973-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avalanche mode of motion: Implications from lunar examples","docAbstract":"A large avalanche (21 square kilometers) at the Apollo 17 landing site moved out several kilometers over flat ground beyond its source slope. If not triggered by impacts, then it was as \"efficient\" as terrestrial avalanches attributed to air-cushion sliding. Evidently lunar avalanches are able to flow despite the lack of lubricating or cushioning fluid.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.180.4090.1052","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., 1973, Avalanche mode of motion: Implications from lunar examples: Science, v. 180, no. 4090, p. 1052-1055, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.180.4090.1052.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1052","endPage":"1055","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"180","issue":"4090","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef52e4b0c8380cd4a1c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, K. A.","contributorId":48938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"K.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70241802,"text":"70241802 - 1973 - Interpretation of a high-grade Precambrian terrane in northern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-28T00:07:28.596857","indexId":"70241802","displayToPublicDate":"1973-06-01T18:54:56","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretation of a high-grade Precambrian terrane in northern Idaho","docAbstract":"A terrane of high-grade metamorphic rocks in northern Idaho and northeastern Washington is almost completely surrounded by low-grade rocks of the Precambrian Belt Supergroup. The high-grade terrane includes both Belt and pre-Belt rocks. Four events of folding and metamorphism occurred in the high-grade terrane. The first three events may have been associated with the Late Cretaceous emplacement of quartz monzonite of the Kaniksu batholith; the fourth may have been associated with a slightly later emplacement of granodiorite or with a Tertiary plutonic and volcanic episode. A much older event of plutonism in the high-grade terrane is recorded by zircon, which was dated by the Pb-U method at 1,500 m.y. from pre-Belt meta-igneous augen gneiss. Evidence of regional events intermediate in age between 1,500 and 100 m.y. has been found in the surrounding low-grade rocks but not in the high-grade terrane.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<1999:IOAHPT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Clark, S.H., 1973, Interpretation of a high-grade Precambrian terrane in northern Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, no. 6, p. 1999-2004, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<1999:IOAHPT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1999","endPage":"2004","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414789,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.94372590174491,\n 48.12592715629725\n ],\n [\n -116.94372590174491,\n 47.78941664863268\n ],\n [\n -116.61313550002667,\n 47.78941664863268\n ],\n [\n -116.61313550002667,\n 48.12592715629725\n ],\n [\n -116.94372590174491,\n 48.12592715629725\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Sandra H. B.","contributorId":88706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"H. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70241489,"text":"70241489 - 1973 - Radiometric ages of intrusive rocks in the Little Belt Mountains, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T20:09:54.258044","indexId":"70241489","displayToPublicDate":"1973-06-01T14:54:19","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiometric ages of intrusive rocks in the Little Belt Mountains, Montana","docAbstract":"Radiometric ages indicate that most, if not all, of the major intrusions in the Little Belt Mountains, central Montana, were emplaced during the Eocene epoch, between 48 and 54 m.y. ago. In the Hughesville area, igneous activity continued, or was episodic until 42 m.y. ago. As a result of the continued igneous activity, radiometric ages in the Hughesville area can be interpreted either as primary ages or as reset ages.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<1977:RAOIRI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Marvin, R.F., Witkind, I.J., Keefer, W.R., and Mehnert, H.H., 1973, Radiometric ages of intrusive rocks in the Little Belt Mountains, Montana: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, no. 6, p. 1977-1986, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<1977:RAOIRI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1977","endPage":"1986","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Little Belt Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.5202177181311,\n 47.10708490893205\n ],\n [\n -111.56981228036793,\n 47.00373245389477\n ],\n [\n -111.35684739546896,\n 46.86029831054955\n ],\n [\n -111.19055974561621,\n 46.73847707820448\n ],\n [\n -110.7558779942468,\n 46.620387551339405\n ],\n [\n -110.70336610481935,\n 46.656442223855464\n ],\n [\n -110.65960619696338,\n 46.67045699746558\n ],\n [\n -110.48748389272978,\n 46.52211699528658\n ],\n [\n -109.7523174407491,\n 46.69247287287391\n ],\n [\n -109.97695163441014,\n 46.83036784208787\n ],\n [\n -110.18991651930912,\n 46.884230678767494\n ],\n [\n -110.1257353211203,\n 46.94003137062384\n ],\n [\n -110.33578287882902,\n 47.11701208919527\n ],\n [\n -110.68877946886737,\n 47.235993833476755\n ],\n [\n -110.95717357038404,\n 47.28944864792402\n ],\n [\n -111.37435135861121,\n 47.23005107778653\n ],\n [\n -111.5202177181311,\n 47.10708490893205\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marvin, Richard F.","contributorId":23125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witkind, Irving J.","contributorId":14469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witkind","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keefer, William R.","contributorId":74083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mehnert, Harald H.","contributorId":56221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehnert","given":"Harald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70241585,"text":"70241585 - 1973 - Origin of andesitic and granitic magmas in the northern Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T19:15:37.911621","indexId":"70241585","displayToPublicDate":"1973-06-01T14:09:26","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of andesitic and granitic magmas in the northern Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"The early magmas of the northern Sierra Nevada, calc-alkaline andesite of island-arc type and its derivatives, all low in potassium, were generated during the Devonian(?) period, possibly along an eastward-dipping sub-duction zone. These magmas could have been derived from mantle peridotite of the continental plate by introduction of water from the descending oceanic plate. Later, during the Permian(?) period, the magmas became basaltic, with potassium-rich silicic derivatives indicating anhydrous conditions and a deeper level of magma generation. Plutonism began in Jurassic time, at the end of a period of intense deformation and metamorphism. The earliest intrusive rocks are gabbro and diorite. At the end of the Jurassic period, large granitic plutons were emplaced. These grade from hornblende quartz diorite at the borders to monzotonalite at the centers. Trondhjemite occurs as the latest product of crystallization differentiation of plutonic magmas. Exchange of elements between plutonic and metamorphic rocks suggests that the plutonic magmas were composite. The partial melts of the downfolded volcanic and sedimentary rocks were modified by partial melts from the mantle and the subducted oceanic lithosphere below. Relative amounts of material contributed by each of the three sources of plutonic magma changed with time, and these changes, along with differentiation processes, were responsible for the diversity in composition of magmas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<2111:OOAAGM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hietanen, A., 1973, Origin of andesitic and granitic magmas in the northern Sierra Nevada, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, no. 6, p. 2111-2118, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<2111:OOAAGM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2111","endPage":"2118","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.34922812220827,\n 39.01246631701153\n ],\n [\n -121.01117322043225,\n 38.666546657135\n ],\n [\n -120.03677968001867,\n 38.816479466197535\n ],\n [\n -119.99700851510377,\n 39.00216471562018\n ],\n [\n -120.0235226250469,\n 39.84190368534905\n ],\n [\n -120.12295053733394,\n 40.12632294197442\n ],\n [\n -120.22900697710688,\n 40.37926736512091\n ],\n [\n -120.40797721922371,\n 40.65641341470604\n ],\n [\n -120.76591770345738,\n 40.90736947457003\n ],\n [\n -121.44202750700943,\n 41.08747041294211\n ],\n [\n -121.99219528833132,\n 40.7870289012165\n ],\n [\n -122.08499467313288,\n 40.1921794318817\n ],\n [\n -121.56134100175413,\n 39.54607952185563\n ],\n [\n -121.34922812220827,\n 39.01246631701153\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hietanen, Anna","contributorId":43841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hietanen","given":"Anna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70241831,"text":"70241831 - 1973 - Petrogenesis of the Superstition-Superior volcanic area as inferred from strontium- and oxygen-isotope studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-28T17:27:34.017506","indexId":"70241831","displayToPublicDate":"1973-06-01T12:19:30","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of the Superstition-Superior volcanic area as inferred from strontium- and oxygen-isotope studies","docAbstract":"Apparent initial Sr87/Sr86 ratios of five ash-flow tuffs (0.7063 to 0.7139) and several mafic to silicic lavas (0.7055 to 0.7131) indicate that the magmas were derived below the base of the Precambrian granitic crust (0.7231 to 1.0906). Liquidus compositions in the system Q-Or-Ab-H2O and oxygen-isotope geother-mometry suggest that the silicic magmas started to crystallize quartz, magnetite, and two feldspars in a water-undersaturated environment of high pressure (∼10 kb) and moderate temperature of at least 830°C.
During or after ascent into the crust, the magmas underwent varying degrees of crystal-melt re-equilibration. Measured plagioclase-biotite O18 fractionations (0.5 to 0.7) imply a temperature that is too high for the observed mineral assemblage, and the inference is that the two minerals did not crystallize in equilibrium. Prior to eruption, the upper part of the magma column assimilated crustal Sr such that the base of each ash flow is now enriched in Sr87. In some cases, this assimilation was too rapid to allow crystal-melt equilibration of Sr isotopes. δO18 values for the magmas are within the range typical of similar magma types, indicating that no significant interaction took place between the melts and meteoric water; however, some rocks have exchanged oxygen isotopes with meteoric water at low temperatures after eruption.
Some of the magma appears to have had a long residence in the crust at lower pressure (1 kb) and temperature (750°C), because two of the ash-flow tuffs and one lava are greatly enriched in Sr87 and have largely re-equilibrated under the P-T conditions of a shallow magma chamber. Even these, however, have retained evidence for a multistage genesis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<1987:POTSVA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J.S., and O’Neil, J.R., 1973, Petrogenesis of the Superstition-Superior volcanic area as inferred from strontium- and oxygen-isotope studies: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, no. 6, p. 1987-1997, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<1987:POTSVA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1987","endPage":"1997","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, John S. 0000-0002-7536-0444 jstuckless@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-0444","contributorId":4974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"John","email":"jstuckless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, James R.","contributorId":70762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221234,"text":"5221234 - 1973 - Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in black duck eggs from the United States and Canada--1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T16:35:46.454049","indexId":"5221234","displayToPublicDate":"1973-06-01T12:17:55","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3038,"text":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","onlineIssn":" 0031-615","printIssn":" 0031-615","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in black duck eggs from the United States and Canada--1971","docAbstract":"Black duck (Anas rubripes) eggs were collected in 1971 from the Northeastern United States and Canada. All 61 eggs analyzed contained DDE residues; the mean DDE residues for States and Provinces ranged from 0.09 to 5.94 ppm on a wet-weight basis, with.mean concentrations exceeding 1.0 ppm in eggs from Maine, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware. The highest DDE concentration, 14.0 ppm, was in an egg from Delaware. DDD and DDT residues averaged <0.5 ppm for each collection area. No mirex residues and only trace amounts of dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide were detected. Of the 61 eggs, 57 contained PCB's: mean PCB residues ranged from <0.05 ppm in samples from Nova Scotia to 3.30 ppm in those from Massachusetts. with trace amounts occurring in nearly half the samples. Mean organochlorine pesticide residues appeared to be lower in the 1971 samples than in those analyzed in an earlier study in 1964. The shells from the 61 eggs were measured for thickness. Comparisons of the shell thickness of eggs collected in 1971, 1964, and prior to 1940 showed that the average thickness of shells from eggs collected in 1964 (0.32/ mm) was significantly less (P<0.01) than that of .shells of eggs collected prior to 1940 (0.348 mm) or in 1971 (0.343 mm).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Longcore, J.R., and Mulhern, B., 1973, Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in black duck eggs from the United States and Canada--1971: Pesticides Monitoring Journal, v. 7, no. 1, p. 62-66.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a81e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulhern, B.M.","contributorId":98683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulhern","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70241227,"text":"70241227 - 1973 - Phase relations of basalts in their melting range at PH2O = 5 kb as a function of oxygen fugacity: Part I. Mafic phases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T14:39:41.796169","indexId":"70241227","displayToPublicDate":"1973-06-01T09:33:50","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Phase relations of basalts in their melting range at PH2O = 5 kb as a function of oxygen fugacity: Part I. Mafic phases","title":"Phase relations of basalts in their melting range at PH2O = 5 kb as a function of oxygen fugacity: Part I. Mafic phases","docAbstract":"The phase relations of three basalts, the Picture Gorge tholeiite, the 1921 Kilauea olivine tholeiite, and the 1801 Hualalai alkali basalt, were studied at 5 kb water pressure, 680–1000°C, at the oxygen fugacities of the quartz-fayalite-magnetite (QFM) and hematite-magnetite (HM) buffers.
In the range 680–850 °C, the crystalline assemblage on the QFM buffer is dominantly hornblende+ plagioclase, ± ilmenite, magnetite, sphene, fayalitic olivine, and phlogopitic mica. From 875 to 1000 °C the crystalline assemblage is hornblende+ olivine± augite+ ilmenite± magnetite. A melt phase is present from 700 to 1000 °C; a vapor phase was present in all charges.
The hornblendes formed on the QFM buffer range in composition from common green hornblendes at low temperatures to kaersutitic hornblendes at 1000 °C. A1(IV) and Ti increase temperature. AI(VI) passes through a maximum near 825 °C, decreasing both above and below this temperature. AI(IV) is proportional to the sum A1(VI)+2Ti. There is a positive linear correlation of approximately 3 : 1 between AI(IV) and the number of cations in the A-site. The most likely explanation for this correlation at present is that the substitution of AI(VI) or Ti+4for a divalent cation creates local charge imbalances in the amphibole structure which can be compensated only by further A-site substitution. There also appears to be a correlation between the a-cell dimension of hornblende and the A-site occupancy. Above a thresh hold value of approxmately 0.5 cations in A, a increases as A-site occupancy increases.
Phase relations on the hematite-magnetite buffer are considerably simpler. The hornblendes show relatively little change in composition as temperature increases, and in the tholelitic compositions break down at or below 970 °C 35–60 °C above the first appearance of augite±olivine. The melting of hornblende is incongruent in all cases. The Fe-Ti oxides are pseudo-brookite and titanohematite; at 1000 °C these oxides make up 10 per cent by weight of the assemblage and contain most of the Tio2 and FeO in the charge.
The patterns of hornblende variation observed in this study compare closely with those reported in a wide range of experimental and field data. The appearance of high-TiO2 kaersutitic hornblendes in the tholeities at 1000° C, PH2O= 5 kb on the QFM buffer implies that the restricted occurence of kaersutite in nature (where it is associated only with mafic to intermediate alkalic rocks) is controlled by volatile content (H2O,F2)rather than by differences in condensed bulk composition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/14.2.249","usgsCitation":"Helz, R., 1973, Phase relations of basalts in their melting range at PH2O = 5 kb as a function of oxygen fugacity: Part I. Mafic phases: Journal of Petrology, v. 14, no. 2, p. 249-302, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.2.249.","productDescription":"54 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"302","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414222,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":16806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind Tuthill","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}