A seamless, 2-meter resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the north-central California coast has been created from the most recent high-resolution bathymetric and topographic datasets available. The DEM extends approximately 150 kilometers along the California coastline, from Half Moon Bay north to Bodega Head. Coverage extends inland to an elevation of +20 meters and offshore to at least the 3 nautical mile limit of state waters. This report describes the procedures of DEM construction, details the input data sources, and provides the DEM for download in both ESRI Arc ASCII and GeoTIFF file formats with accompanying metadata.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds684","usgsCitation":"Foxgrover, A., and Barnard, P., 2012, A seamless, high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the north-central California coast: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 684, iv, 11 p.; Metadata Folder; DEM ASCII Files Zip; DEM ASCII Files Folder; DEM GeoTIFF Files Zip; DEM GeoTIFF Files Folder; Shapefiles Folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds684.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.; Metadata Folder; DEM ASCII Files Zip; DEM ASCII Files Folder; DEM GeoTIFF Files Zip; DEM GeoTIFF Files Folder; Shapefiles Folder","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_684.gif"},{"id":257673,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/684/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Point Reyes;Bodega Head;Half Moon Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.40966796874999,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -122.4920654296875,\n 37.54893261064109\n ],\n [\n -122.48382568359374,\n 37.640334898059486\n ],\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 37.76202988573211\n ],\n [\n -122.47833251953125,\n 37.801103690609615\n ],\n [\n -122.48931884765626,\n 37.835818618104156\n ],\n [\n -122.54974365234374,\n 37.8271414168374\n ],\n [\n -122.772216796875,\n 38.05674222065293\n ],\n [\n -122.72277832031251,\n 38.108627664321276\n ],\n [\n -122.79968261718749,\n 38.1777509666256\n ],\n [\n -122.8875732421875,\n 38.24249456800328\n ],\n [\n -122.73376464843749,\n 38.27700093565902\n ],\n [\n -122.84362792968749,\n 38.41916639395372\n ],\n [\n -123.28308105468749,\n 38.324420427006515\n ],\n [\n -123.2391357421875,\n 38.20797181420939\n ],\n [\n -123.2720947265625,\n 38.052416771864834\n ],\n [\n -123.167724609375,\n 37.94419750075404\n ],\n [\n -122.9425048828125,\n 37.89219554724434\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 37.90953361677018\n ],\n [\n -122.6788330078125,\n 37.80544394934274\n ],\n [\n -122.59643554687499,\n 37.53150992479082\n ],\n [\n -122.5579833984375,\n 37.40943717748788\n ],\n [\n -122.40966796874999,\n 37.42252593456307\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e57be4b0c8380cd46d6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foxgrover, Amy C.","contributorId":45775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foxgrover","given":"Amy C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L.","contributorId":54936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70044464,"text":"70044464 - 2012 - Temporal genetic monitoring of hybridization between native westslope cutthroat trout and introduced rainbow trout in the Stehekin River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T15:33:11","indexId":"70044464","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal genetic monitoring of hybridization between native westslope cutthroat trout and introduced rainbow trout in the Stehekin River, Washington","docAbstract":"Introgressive hybridization with introduced rainbow trout (RBT) (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has led to the loss of native cutthroat trout species (O. clarkii) throughout their range, creating conservation concerns. Monitoring temporal hybridization trends provides resource managers with a tool for determining population status and information for establishing conservation goals for native cutthroat trout. In this study, we re-sampled six locations in 2010 within the Stehekin River watershed, North Cascades National Park, which were originally sampled between 1999 and 2003. We used genetic markers to monitor changes in hybridization levels between sampling periods in the native westslope cutthroat trout (WCT) (O. c. lewisi) stemming from past RBT introductions. Additionally, two new locations from the lower Stehekin drainage were added to the baseline data. We found that the frequency of WCT, RBT, and their hybrids was not significantly different between monitoring periods, but that RBT allele frequencies decreased in two locations and increased in one location. We also found a consistent, substantial reduction in the frequency of RBT alleles over the monitoring period in the Stehekin River upstream of Bridge Creek (SR3) compared to the Stehekin River downstream of Bridge Creek (SR1 -2) and within lower Bridge Creek (BR1) although these three locations are confined to a small geographic area (approximately 5 km). Ecological and/or evolutionary processes likely restrict the dispersal of RBT alleles in the Stehekin River upstream of Bridge Creek.
","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association","doi":"10.3955/046.086.0305","usgsCitation":"Ostberg, C.O., and Chase, D., 2012, Temporal genetic monitoring of hybridization between native westslope cutthroat trout and introduced rainbow trout in the Stehekin River, Washington: Northwest Science, v. 86, no. 3, p. 198-211, https://doi.org/10.3955/046.086.0305.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"198","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033981","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269397,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.039,48.454 ], [ -121.039,48.458 ], [ -121.037,48.458 ], [ -121.037,48.454 ], [ -121.039,48.454 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"86","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51444305e4b01f722f6c2597","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ostberg, Carl O. 0000-0003-1479-8458 costberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-8458","contributorId":3031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostberg","given":"Carl","email":"costberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chase, Dorothy M.","contributorId":59319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Dorothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038726,"text":"fs20123081 - 2012 - February 2012 workshop jumpstarts the Mekong Fish Monitoring Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-16T01:01:36","indexId":"fs20123081","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3081","title":"February 2012 workshop jumpstarts the Mekong Fish Monitoring Network","docAbstract":"The Mekong River in Southeast Asia travels through a basin rich in natural resources. The river originates on the northern slope of the world's tallest mountains, the Himalaya Range, and then drops elevation quickly through steep mountain gorges, tumbling out of China into Myanmar (Burma) and the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). The precipitous terrain of Lao PDR and Thailand generates interest in the river and its tributaries for hydropower development. The terrain, soils, water, and climate make it one of the world's most biologically rich regions. The Mekong's bounty is again on display in the Mekong River Delta, where rice production has successfully been increased to high levels making Vietnam second only to Thailand as the world's largest rice exporters. At least 800 fish species contribute to the natural resource bounty of the Mekong River and are the basis for one of the world's most productive fisheries that provide the primary protein source to more than 50 million people. Against this backdrop of rich natural resources, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is working with the consulting firm FISHBIO, colleagues from the international Delta Research and Global Observation Network (DRAGON) Institute, and a broad contingent of Southeast Asian representatives and partners from abroad to increase knowledge of the Mekong River fisheries and to develop the capacity of permanent residents to investigate and understand these fisheries resources. With the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB) region facing the likelihood of significant environmental changes as a result of both human activities and global climate change, enhancing environmental understanding is critical. To encourage cooperation among the LMB scientists and managers in the study of the Mekong River's fisheries, FISHBIO and the USGS, with generous support from the U.S. State Department, hosted a workshop in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, in February 2012. Workshop participants were from Lao PDR, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Representatives from the governments, universities, nongovernmental organizations, and the Mekong River Commission discussed current and potential methods and mechanisms of the Mekong Fish Monitoring Network. The goals of the workshop were to determine if the Network and associated databases were of interest and value to the LMB nations, to determine if future fisheries monitoring data would be comparable among the nations, and to establish methods and an organizational structure for collaborating on future monitoring and research. The participants in this international workshop agreed that the Network would be useful but would require additional funding to secure their full participation. The USGS and FISHBIO are collaboratively seeking additional funding to expand research participation and projects in all four LMB nations. If the Network can facilitate cooperation among many fisheries researchers in the LMB, the basin would become a model of cooperative international fishery studies and would increase the understanding of a river basin rich in natural resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123081","usgsCitation":"Andersen, M.E., and Ainsley, S.M., 2012, February 2012 workshop jumpstarts the Mekong Fish Monitoring Network: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3081, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123081.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3081.gif"},{"id":257625,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Cambodia;China;Laos;Myanmar (burma);Thailand","city":"Phnom Penh","otherGeospatial":"Mekong River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 88.5,8.5 ], [ 88.5,32.5 ], [ 111.5,32.5 ], [ 111.5,8.5 ], [ 88.5,8.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f47e4b0c8380cd5384e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, Matthew E. 0000-0003-4115-5028 mandersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4115-5028","contributorId":3190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Matthew","email":"mandersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":464792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ainsley, Shaara M.","contributorId":107973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ainsley","given":"Shaara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005928,"text":"70005928 - 2012 - Evaluating remedial alternatives for an acid mine drainage stream: A model post audit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T14:04:33","indexId":"70005928","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating remedial alternatives for an acid mine drainage stream: A model post audit","docAbstract":"A post audit for a reactive transport model used to evaluate acid mine drainage treatment systems is presented herein. The post audit is based on a paired synoptic approach in which hydrogeochemical data are collected at low (existing conditions) and elevated (following treatment) pH. Data obtained under existing, low-pH conditions are used for calibration, and the resultant model is used to predict metal concentrations observed following treatment. Predictions for Al, As, Fe, H+, and Pb accurately reproduce the observed reduction in dissolved concentrations afforded by the treatment system, and the information provided in regard to standard attainment is also accurate (predictions correctly indicate attainment or nonattainment of water quality standards for 19 of 25 cases). Errors associated with Cd, Cu, and Zn are attributed to misspecification of sorbent mass (precipitated Fe). In addition to these specific results, the post audit provides insight in regard to calibration and sensitivity analysis that is contrary to conventional wisdom. Steps taken during the calibration process to improve simulations of As sorption were ultimately detrimental to the predictive results, for example, and the sensitivity analysis failed to bracket observed metal concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es2038504","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., Kimball, B.A., Walton-Day, K., Verplanck, P.L., and Broshears, R.E., 2012, Evaluating remedial alternatives for an acid mine drainage stream: A model post audit: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 1, p. 340-347, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2038504.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"340","endPage":"347","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Mineral Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.73133277893065,\n 37.87227881950715\n ],\n [\n -107.73133277893065,\n 37.890976310542925\n ],\n [\n -107.7088451385498,\n 37.890976310542925\n ],\n [\n -107.7088451385498,\n 37.87227881950715\n ],\n [\n -107.73133277893065,\n 37.87227881950715\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bf1e4b0c8380cd52961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":513478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":513477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":513481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":513479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Broshears, Robert E.","contributorId":40675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broshears","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":513480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70004720,"text":"70004720 - 2012 - Evaluating a fish monitoring protocol using state-space hierarchical models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T10:49:44","indexId":"70004720","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2948,"text":"Open Fish Science Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating a fish monitoring protocol using state-space hierarchical models","docAbstract":"Using data collected from three river reaches in Montana, we evaluated our ability to detect population trends and predict fish future fish abundance. Data were collected as part of a long-term monitoring program conducted by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks to primarily estimate rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) abundance in numerous rivers across Montana. We used a hierarchical Bayesian mark-recapture model to estimate fish abundance over time in each of the three river reaches. We then fit a state-space Gompertz model to estimate current trends and future fish populations. Density dependent effects were detected in 1 of the 6 fish populations. Predictions of future fish populations displayed wide credible intervals. Our simulations indicated that given the observed variation in the abundance estimates, the probability of detecting a 30% decline in fish populations over a five-year period was less than 50%. We recommend a monitoring program that is closely tied to management objectives and reflects the precision necessary to make informed management decisions.","language":"English","publisher":"Bentham Open","publisherLocation":"Oak Park, IL","doi":"10.2174/1874401X01205010001","usgsCitation":"Russell, R.E., Schmetterling, D.A., Guy, C.S., Shepard, B.B., McFarland, R., and Skaar, D., 2012, Evaluating a fish monitoring protocol using state-space hierarchical models: Open Fish Science Journal, v. 5, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.2174/1874401X01205010001.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","ipdsId":"IP-030676","costCenters":[{"id":398,"text":"Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474459,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874401x01205010001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257639,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874401X01205010001","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bd8e4b0c8380cd528e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, Robin E. 0000-0001-8726-7303 rerussell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-7303","contributorId":3998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Robin","email":"rerussell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmetterling, David A.","contributorId":20223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmetterling","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guy, Chris S.","contributorId":87423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shepard, Bradley B.","contributorId":57327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shepard","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McFarland, Robert","contributorId":87822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Skaar, Donald","contributorId":99008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skaar","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70004529,"text":"70004529 - 2012 - Estimating pole/zero errors in GSN-IRIS/USGS network calibration metadata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-16T01:01:36","indexId":"70004529","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating pole/zero errors in GSN-IRIS/USGS network calibration metadata","docAbstract":"Mapping the digital record of a seismograph into true ground motion requires the correction of the data by some description of the instrument's response. For the Global Seismographic Network (Butler et al., 2004), as well as many other networks, this instrument response is represented as a Laplace domain pole–zero model and published in the Standard for the Exchange of Earthquake Data (SEED) format. This Laplace representation assumes that the seismometer behaves as a linear system, with any abrupt changes described adequately via multiple time-invariant epochs. The SEED format allows for published instrument response errors as well, but these typically have not been estimated or provided to users. We present an iterative three-step method to estimate the instrument response parameters (poles and zeros) and their associated errors using random calibration signals. First, we solve a coarse nonlinear inverse problem using a least-squares grid search to yield a first approximation to the solution. This approach reduces the likelihood of poorly estimated parameters (a local-minimum solution) caused by noise in the calibration records and enhances algorithm convergence. Second, we iteratively solve a nonlinear parameter estimation problem to obtain the least-squares best-fit Laplace pole–zero–gain model. Third, by applying the central limit theorem, we estimate the errors in this pole–zero model by solving the inverse problem at each frequency in a two-thirds octave band centered at each best-fit pole–zero frequency. This procedure yields error estimates of the 99% confidence interval. We demonstrate the method by applying it to a number of recent Incorporated Research Institutions in Seismology/United States Geological Survey (IRIS/USGS) network calibrations (network code IU).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120110195","usgsCitation":"Ringler, A., Hutt, C., Aster, R., Bolton, H., Gee, L., and Storm, T., 2012, Estimating pole/zero errors in GSN-IRIS/USGS network calibration metadata: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, no. 2, p. 836-841, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110195.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"836","endPage":"841","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257628,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120110195","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"102","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b38e4b0c8380cd52616","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringler, A. T. 0000-0002-9839-4188","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":99282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"A. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutt, C. R. 0000-0001-9033-9195","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":61910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aster, R.","contributorId":84153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aster","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bolton, H.","contributorId":50325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolton","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gee, L.S.","contributorId":37980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Storm, T.","contributorId":15454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storm","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70038713,"text":"sir20125008 - 2012 - The potential effects of sodium bicarbonate, a major constituent from coalbed natural gas production, on aquatic life","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T11:12:53","indexId":"sir20125008","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5008","title":"The potential effects of sodium bicarbonate, a major constituent from coalbed natural gas production, on aquatic life","docAbstract":"The production water from coalbed natural gas (CBNG) extraction contains many constituents. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established aquatic life criteria for some of these constituents, and it is therefore possible to evaluate their risk to aquatic life. However, of the major ions associated with produced waters, chloride is the only one with an established aquatic life criterion (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1988). \r\n\r\nThe focus of this research was NaHCO3, a compound that is a major constituent of coalbed natural gas produced waters in the Tongue and Powder River Basins. This project included laboratory experiments, field in situ experiments, a field mixing zone study, and a fishery presence/absence assessment. \r\n\r\nThough this investigation focuses on the Tongue and Powder River Basins, the information is applicable to other watersheds where sodium bicarbonate is a principle component of product water either from CBNG or from traditional or unconventional oil and gas development. These data can also be used to separate effects of saline discharges from those potentially posed by other constituents. Finally, this research effort and the additional collaboration with USGS Water Resources and Mapping, Bureau of Land Management, US Environmental Protection Agency, State of Montana, State of Wyoming, Montana State University, University of Wyoming, and others as part of a Powder River Aquatic Task Group, can be used as a model for successful approaches to studying landscapes with energy development. \r\n\r\nThe laboratory acute toxicity experiments were completed with a suite of organisms, including 7 species of fish, 5 species of invertebrates, and 1 amphibian species. Experiments performed on these multiple species resulted in LC50s that ranged from 1,120 to greater than (>) 8,000 milligrams sodium bicarbonate per liter (mg NaHCO3/L) (also defined as 769 to >8,000 milligrams bicarbonate per liter (mg HCO3-/L) or total alkalinity expressed as 608 to >4,181 milligrams calcium carbonate per liter (mg CaCO3/L)) that varied across species and lifestage within a species. The age at which fish were exposed to NaHCO3 significantly affected the severity of toxic responses for some organisms. The chronic toxicity of NaHCO3 was defined in experiments that lasted from 7—60 days post-hatch. For these experiments, sublethal effects such as growth and reproduction, in addition to significant reductions in survival were included in the final determination of effects. Chronic toxicity was observed at concentrations that ranged from 450 to 800mg NaHCO3/L (also defined as 430 to 657 mg HCO3-/L or total alkalinity expressed as 354 to 539 mg CaCO3/L) and the specific concentration depended on the sensitivity of the four species of invertebrates and fish exposed. Sublethal investigations during chronic studies revealed percent decrease in the activity of sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na/K ATPase, an enzyme involved in ionoregulation) and the age of the fish at the onset of the decrease may affect the ability of fathead minnow to survive exposures to NaHCO3. A database of toxicity evaluations of NaHCO3 on aquatic life has been constructed. Using these data, sample acute and chronic criteria of 459 and 381 mg NaHCO3/L, respectively, can be calculated for the protection of aquatic life. The final derivation and implementation of such criteria is, of course, left to the discretion of the concerned management agencies. \r\n\r\nA combination of in situ experiments, static-renewal experiments performed simultaneously with in situ experiments, and static renewal experiments performed with site water in the laboratory, demonstrated that untreated coalbed natural gas (CBNG) product water from the Tongue and Powder River Basins reduces survival of fathead minnow and pallid sturgeon. More precisely, the survival of early-lifestage fathead minnow, especially those less than 6-days post hatch (dph), likely is reduced significantly in the field when concentrations of NaHCO3 rise above 1,500 mg/L. However, age was not a factor for pallid sturgeon and they were sensitive to product water regardless of age. \r\n\r\nTreatment with the Higgins Loop™ technology and dilution of untreated water increased survival in the laboratory. Both of these situations reduced ammonia in addition to the concentrations of NaHCO3. These experiments addressed the acute toxicity of effluent waters being added to the main stem rivers, but did not address issues related to the volumes of water that may be added to the watershed. Mixing zones of the three outfalls studied ranged from approximately 800—1,200 m below the confluence and the areas within these mixing zones with acutely lethal concentrations of NaHCO3 (as defined by the presence of concentrated dye) are limited. The areas with concentrations of NaHCO3 more than the concentrations likely to cause significant mortality, and more than the calculated sample water-quality criteria in the Tongue and Powder River Basins appear to be limited to tributaries and parts of mixing zones with considerable additions of untreated effluent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, U.S. Bureau of Land Management, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Farag, A.M., and Harper, D., 2012, The potential effects of sodium bicarbonate, a major constituent from coalbed natural gas production, on aquatic life: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5008, vi, 101 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125008.","productDescription":"vi, 101 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5008.JPG"},{"id":334534,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5008/sir12-5008.pdf","size":"2.18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":257583,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Montana;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,42.5 ], [ -107.5,46.75 ], [ -104.5,46.75 ], [ -104.5,42.5 ], [ -107.5,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baeabe4b08c986b32426c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farag, Aida M. 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":1139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harper, David D.","contributorId":102946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"David D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038710,"text":"ds690 - 2012 - Data resources for range-wide assessment of livestock grazing across the sagebrush biome","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T15:01:58","indexId":"ds690","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"690","title":"Data resources for range-wide assessment of livestock grazing across the sagebrush biome","docAbstract":"The data contained in this series were compiled, modified, and analyzed for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) report \"Range-Wide Assessment of Livestock Grazing Across the Sagebrush Biome.\" This report can be accessed through the USGS Publications Warehouse (online linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1263/). The dataset contains spatial and tabular data related to Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Grazing Allotments. We reviewed the BLM national grazing allotment spatial dataset available from the GeoCommunicator National Integrated Land System (NILS) website in 2007 (http://www.geocommunicator.gov). We identified several limitations in those data and learned that some BLM State and/or field offices had updated their spatial data to rectify these limitations, but maintained the data outside of NILS. We contacted appropriate BLM offices (State or field, 25 in all) to obtain the most recent data, assessed the data, established a data development protocol, and compiled data into a topologically enforced dataset throughout the area of interest for this project (that is, the pre-settlement distribution of Greater Sage-Grouse in the Western United States). The final database includes three spatial datasets: Allotments (BLM Grazing Allotments), OUT_Polygons (nonallotment polygons used to ensure topology), and Duplicate_Polygon_Allotments. See Appendix 1 of the aforementioned report for complete methods. The tabular data presented here consists of information synthesized by the Land Health Standard (LHS) analysis (Appendix 2), and data obtained from the BLM Rangeland Administration System (http://www.blm.gov/ras/). In 2008, available LHS data for all allotments in all regions were compiled by BLM in response to a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request made by a private organization. The BLM provided us with a copy of these data. These data provided three major types of information that were of interest: (1) date(s) (if any) of the most recent LHS evaluation for each allotment; (2) whether if evaluated, each region-specific standard (3–8 LHS depending on region) had been met on a given allotment; and (3) whether livestock contributed to any of these standards not being met. A description of how we processed the original data to prepare for analysis is described in Appendix 2, and the synthesized dataset can be found in the table \"lhs_x_walk.\" Permitted use dates, livestock type (horse, sheep or cattle), number of livestock, and Animal Unit Months [the number of animal units (1,000-pound animal equivalents) that can be grazed for 31 days with the available forage in a sustainable manner] are the legal maximum grazing amounts for a given allotment, and legal adjustments to these numbers occur infrequently. We summarized permitted use by BLM allotment in the table \"Permitted_Use.\" Billed use records are used for calculations of permittees' annual grazing bills. We summarized billed use by allotment for BLM grazing year in the table \"Billed_Use.\" All three tables can be joined with the allotment spatial data in a geographic information system (GIS) environment, using the IDENT attribute as the primary key.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds690","usgsCitation":"Assal, T., Veblen, K., Farinha, M., Aldridge, C.L., Casazza, M.L., and Pyke, D., 2012, Data resources for range-wide assessment of livestock grazing across the sagebrush biome: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 690, HTML Document; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds690.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_690.png"},{"id":257584,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/690/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdb7e4b0c8380cd4e938","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Assal, T.J.","contributorId":93596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veblen, K.E.","contributorId":94537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veblen","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farinha, M.A.","contributorId":76146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farinha","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pyke, D.A.","contributorId":62713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70038711,"text":"70038711 - 2012 - Point sources of emerging contaminants along the Colorado River Basin: Source water for the arid Southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T12:37:18","indexId":"70038711","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Point sources of emerging contaminants along the Colorado River Basin: Source water for the arid Southwestern United States","docAbstract":"Emerging contaminants (ECs) (e.g., pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, personal care products) have been detected in waters across the United States. The objective of this study was to evaluate point sources of ECs along the Colorado River, from the headwaters in Colorado to the Gulf of California. At selected locations in the Colorado River Basin (sites in Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, and California), waste stream tributaries and receiving surface waters were sampled using either grab sampling or polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). The grab samples were extracted using solid-phase cartridge extraction (SPE), and the POCIS sorbents were transferred into empty SPEs and eluted with methanol. All extracts were prepared for, and analyzed by, liquid chromatography–electrospray-ion trap mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-ITMS). Log DOW values were calculated for all ECs in the study and compared to the empirical data collected. POCIS extracts were screened for the presence of estrogenic chemicals using the yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay. Extracts from the 2008 POCIS deployment in the Las Vegas Wash showed the second highest estrogenicity response. In the grab samples, azithromycin (an antibiotic) was detected in all but one urban waste stream, with concentrations ranging from 30 ng/L to 2800 ng/L. Concentration levels of azithromycin, methamphetamine and pseudoephedrine showed temporal variation from the Tucson WWTP. Those ECs that were detected in the main surface water channels (those that are diverted for urban use and irrigation along the Colorado River) were in the region of the limit-of-detection (e.g., 10 ng/L), but most were below detection limits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.053","usgsCitation":"Jones-Lepp, T.L., Sanchez, C., Alvarez, D., Wilson, D.C., and Taniguchi-Fu, R., 2012, Point sources of emerging contaminants along the Colorado River Basin: Source water for the arid Southwestern United States: Science of the Total Environment, v. 430, p. 237-245, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.053.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"245","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;California;Colorado;Nevada;New Mexico;Utah","volume":"430","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7cb4e4b0c8380cd79b2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones-Lepp, Tammy L.","contributorId":103132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones-Lepp","given":"Tammy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanchez, Charles","contributorId":88625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alvarez, David A.","contributorId":72755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, Doyle C.","contributorId":59313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Doyle","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taniguchi-Fu, Randi-Laurant","contributorId":28493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taniguchi-Fu","given":"Randi-Laurant","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038698,"text":"fs20123064 - 2012 - Water resources of Allen Parish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-19T01:01:45","indexId":"fs20123064","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3064","title":"Water resources of Allen Parish","docAbstract":"In 2005, approximately 29.2 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water were withdrawn in Allen Parish, Louisiana, including about 26.8 Mgal/d from groundwater sources and 2.45 Mgal/d from surface-water sources. Rice irrigation accounted for 74 percent (21.7 Mgal/d) of the total water withdrawn. Other categories of use included public supply, industrial, rural domestic, livestock, general irrigation, and aquaculture. Water-use data collected at 5-year intervals from 1960 to 2005 indicate water withdrawals in the parish were greatest in 1960 (119 Mgal/d) and 1980 (98.7 Mgal/d). The substantial decrease in surface-water use between 1960 and 1965 is primarily attributable to rice-irrigation withdrawals declining from 61.2 to 6.74 Mgal/d. This fact sheet summarizes information on the water resources of Allen Parish, La. Information on groundwater and surface-water availability, quality, development, use, and trends is based on previously published reports listed in the Selected References section.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Prakken, L., Griffith, J.M., and Fendick, R., 2012, Water resources of Allen Parish: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3064, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123064.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3064.gif"},{"id":257546,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3064/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":257547,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3064/FS12-3064.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Allen Parish","city":"Elton;Kinder","otherGeospatial":"Calcasieu River;Bayou Blue","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.25,30.25 ], [ -93.25,30.833333333333332 ], [ -92.5,30.833333333333332 ], [ -92.5,30.25 ], [ -93.25,30.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcb86e4b08c986b32d6be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prakken, Lawrence B.","contributorId":73978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Lawrence B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffith, Jason M. 0000-0002-8942-0380 jmgriff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-0380","contributorId":2923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Jason","email":"jmgriff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fendick, Robert B. Jr. rfendick@usgs.gov","contributorId":1313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fendick","given":"Robert B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rfendick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044108,"text":"70044108 - 2012 - Use of a storm water retention system for conservation of regionally endangered fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-28T14:43:41","indexId":"70044108","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of a storm water retention system for conservation of regionally endangered fishes","docAbstract":"Maintaining aquatic biodiversity in urban or suburban areas can be problematic because urban landscapes can be nearly devoid of aquatic habitats other than engineered basins for storm water management. These areas are usually of questionable value for fish, but we examined a case study in which five regionally imperiled fish species were reintroduced into an artificial storm water detention pond and subsequently thrived. Although not a formal experiment, postintroduction survey data suggested that three of the five species maintained high population densities for 10 years after initial stocking, and two persisted in lower numbers. Success was likely due to a combination of unique design features and prior habitat preparation that resulted in clear water conditions that supported dense vegetation. Stocked fish persisted despite occasional bouts of low dissolved oxygen and increased chloride levels resulting from road salt application within the watershed. Transplanted fish served as a source population for both research and further reintroduction experiments. We suggest that, for some fish species, habitat preservation has a middle ground between natural habitats and completely artificial environments that require constant husbandry and that storm water systems could be used to create engineered sanctuaries within the human landscape that have many potential benefits for both humans and fish.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2012.650992","usgsCitation":"Schaeffer, J.S., Bland, J.K., and Janssen, J., 2012, Use of a storm water retention system for conservation of regionally endangered fishes: Fisheries, v. 37, no. 2, p. 66-75, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2012.650992.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"75","ipdsId":"IP-024544","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272913,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2012.650992"}],"country":"United States","volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5d1f0e4b0605bc571f01a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":89083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bland, James K.","contributorId":60933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bland","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Janssen, John","contributorId":52543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045523,"text":"70045523 - 2012 - Shifting balance of thermokarst lake ice regimes across the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-10T08:20:18","indexId":"70045523","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shifting balance of thermokarst lake ice regimes across the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska","docAbstract":"The balance of thermokarst lakes with bedfast- and floating-ice regimes across Arctic lowlands regulates heat storage, permafrost thaw, winter-water supply, and over-wintering aquatic habitat. Using a time-series of late-winter synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery to distinguish lake ice regimes in two regions of the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska from 2003–2011, we found that 18% of the lakes had intermittent ice regimes, varying between bedfast-ice and floating-ice conditions. Comparing this dataset with a radar-based lake classification from 1980 showed that 16% of the bedfast-ice lakes had shifted to floating-ice regimes. A simulated lake ice thinning trend of 1.5 cm/yr since 1978 is believed to be the primary factor driving this form of lake change. The most profound impacts of this regime shift in Arctic lakes may be an increase in the landscape-scale thermal offset created by additional lake heat storage and its role in talik development in otherwise continuous permafrost as well as increases in over-winter aquatic habitat and winter-water supply.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2012GL052518","usgsCitation":"Arp, C.D., Jones, B.M., Lu, Z., and Whitman, M.S., 2012, Shifting balance of thermokarst lake ice regimes across the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 39, no. 16, 5 p.; L16503, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052518.","productDescription":"5 p.; L16503","ipdsId":"IP-039607","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012gl052518","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":272164,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272163,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052518"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"National Petroleum Reserve","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.015,0.0016666666666666668 ], [ -0.015,0.0019444444444444444 ], [ -0.015555555555555555,0.0019444444444444444 ], [ -0.015555555555555555,0.0016666666666666668 ], [ -0.015,0.0016666666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"39","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518e16e1e4b05ebc8f7cc2f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arp, Christopher D.","contributorId":17330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arp","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Zong","contributorId":82602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitman, Matthew S.","contributorId":67961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitman","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038696,"text":"ofr20101253 - 2012 - Reformatted data sets used in the Cooperative LACSD/USGS Palos Verdes Flow Study, 2000--2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-14T01:01:39","indexId":"ofr20101253","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1253","title":"Reformatted data sets used in the Cooperative LACSD/USGS Palos Verdes Flow Study, 2000--2008","docAbstract":"Beginning in 1997, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defined a contaminated section of the Palos Verdes shelf in southern California as a Superfund site, initiating a continuing investigation of this area. A number of agencies, including the EPA, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), conducted two oceanographic measurement programs in 2004 and 2007-2008 (SAIC, 2004, 2005; Rosenberger and others, 2010; Sherwood and others, unpublished data) to improve our understanding of the natural processes that resuspend and transport sediment in the area, especially in the region southeast of the Whites Point ocean outfall where earlier measurements were thought to be deficient. Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts (LACSD) deployed a simpler but much broader array of instruments on the Palos Verdes shelf and within the northern reaches of San Pedro Bay from 2000 to 2008 in order to characterize the current and temperature patterns within these regions. This program overlapped the two programs run by USGS and other agencies in 2004 and 2007. The LACSD data were made available to the USGS and the EPA in order to support their joint efforts to model the transport of the contaminated sediments in the region. This report describes the LACSD data sets, the instruments and data-processing procedures used, and the archive that contains the data sets that have passed our quality-assurance procedures.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101253","usgsCitation":"Anderson, T., Rosenberger, K., and Gartner, A.L., 2012, Reformatted data sets used in the Cooperative LACSD/USGS Palos Verdes Flow Study, 2000--2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1253, iv, 24 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101253.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1253.gif"},{"id":257540,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1253/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":257541,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1253/of2010-1253.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles County","otherGeospatial":"Palos Verdes Shelf;San Pedro Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a447e4b0e8fec6cdbb05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Todd","contributorId":19017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberger, Kurt J.","contributorId":12934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Kurt J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gartner, Anne L.","contributorId":32620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038697,"text":"ds686 - 2012 - Groundwater-well data of San Miguel County, New Mexico, 1970-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-14T01:01:39","indexId":"ds686","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"686","title":"Groundwater-well data of San Miguel County, New Mexico, 1970-2010","docAbstract":"The hydrologic resources of San Miguel County, New Mexico, are increasingly relied upon to meet growing domestic, livestock, and agricultural needs. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with San Miguel County, conducted a study during 2010-11 to assess current publicly available information regarding the hydrologic resources of San Miguel County. As part of that study, groundwater-well data from wells located in San Miguel County were acquired from two sources: San Miguel County groundwater-well information archived in the State of New Mexico Water Rights Reporting System online database and groundwater-well information archived in the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey. The collected data provide information regarding depth to groundwater and depth of well completions in the context of physiographic features of the county.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds686","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with San Miguel County, New Mexico","usgsCitation":"Matherne, A.M., and Stewart, A.M., 2012, Groundwater-well data of San Miguel County, New Mexico, 1970-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 686, iv, 3 p.; XLS Downloads of Tables 1 and 2, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds686.","productDescription":"iv, 3 p.; XLS Downloads of Tables 1 and 2","startPage":"i","endPage":"3","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1970-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_686.gif"},{"id":257544,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/686/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":257545,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/686/DS686.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"San Miguel County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dd4e4b0c8380cd5c079","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matherne, Anne Marie 0000-0002-5873-2226 matherne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-2226","contributorId":303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matherne","given":"Anne","email":"matherne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Anne M. astewart@usgs.gov","contributorId":3938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Anne","email":"astewart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038707,"text":"ds692 - 2012 - Water-quality data from semipermeable-membrane devices and polar organic chemical integrative samplers deployed in the McKenzie River basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-15T01:01:35","indexId":"ds692","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"692","title":"Water-quality data from semipermeable-membrane devices and polar organic chemical integrative samplers deployed in the McKenzie River basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"Two types of passive samplers—the semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) and the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS)—are being used to collect data from the McKenzie River, Oregon. The McKenzie River is the source of drinking water for the City of Eugene, Oregon, and passive-sampler data are part of an ongoing monitoring effort designed to help understand and protect the drinking water source. Data from the passive samplers are reported here. This data report is dynamic and will be appended with additional data as they become available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds692","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Eugene Water and Electric Board","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, K.A., and Alvarez, D., 2012, Water-quality data from semipermeable-membrane devices and polar organic chemical integrative samplers deployed in the McKenzie River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 692, Report: iv, 3 p.; 2 Appendices; Appendix 1: 3.4 MB Excel File, Appendix 2: 5.8 MB Excel File, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds692.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 3 p.; 2 Appendices; Appendix 1: 3.4 MB Excel File, Appendix 2: 5.8 MB Excel File","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/DS_692.JPG"},{"id":257557,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/692/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Oregon Lambert","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.25,44 ], [ -123.25,44.5 ], [ -121.75,44.5 ], [ -121.75,44 ], [ -123.25,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bce1be4b08c986b32e223","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, Kathleen A. mccarthy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Kathleen","email":"mccarthy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":464722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alvarez, David A.","contributorId":72755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003673,"text":"70003673 - 2012 - Anisotropic models to account for large borehole washouts to estimate gas hydrate saturations in the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II Alaminos 21 B well","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-14T01:01:39","indexId":"70003673","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anisotropic models to account for large borehole washouts to estimate gas hydrate saturations in the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II Alaminos 21 B well","docAbstract":"Through the use of 3-D seismic amplitude mapping, several gashydrate prospects were identified in the Alaminos Canyon (AC) area of the Gulf of Mexico. Two locations were drilled as part of the Gulf of MexicoGasHydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II (JIP Leg II) in May of 2009 and a comprehensive set of logging-while-drilling (LWD) logs were acquired at each well site. LWD logs indicated that resistivity in the range of ~2 ohm-m and P-wave velocity in the range of ~1.9 km/s were measured in the target sand interval between 515 and 645 feet below sea floor. These values were slightly elevated relative to those measured in the sediment above and below the target sand. However, the initial well log analysis was inconclusive regarding the presence of gashydrate in the logged sand interval, mainly because largewashouts caused by drilling in the target interval degraded confidence in the well log measurements. To assess gashydratesaturations in the sedimentary section drilled in the Alaminos Canyon 21B (AC21-B) well, a method of compensating for the effect of washouts on the resistivity and acoustic velocities was developed. The proposed method models the washed-out portion of the borehole as a vertical layer filled with sea water (drilling fluid) and the apparent anisotropic resistivity and velocities caused by a vertical layer are used to correct the measured log values. By incorporating the conventional marine seismic data into the well log analysis, the average gashydratesaturation in the target sand section in the AC21-Bwell can be constrained to the range of 8–28%, with 20% being our best estimate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.06.010","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., Collett, T.S., and Lewis, K., 2012, Anisotropic models to account for large borehole washouts to estimate gas hydrate saturations in the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II Alaminos 21 B well: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 34, no. 1, p. 85-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.06.010.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257560,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.06.010","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico;Alaminos Canyon","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebffe4b0c8380cd49016","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, K.A. 0000-0003-4991-3399","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-3399","contributorId":108350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189141,"text":"70189141 - 2012 - Scaling the Teflon Peaks: Rock type and the generation of extreme relief in the glaciated western Alaska Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-09T14:37:39.731463","indexId":"70189141","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scaling the Teflon Peaks: Rock type and the generation of extreme relief in the glaciated western Alaska Range","docAbstract":"Parts of the Alaska Range (Alaska, USA) stand in prominent exception to the “glacial buzzsaw hypothesis,” which postulates that terrain raised above the ELA is rapidly denuded by glaciers. In this paper, we discuss the role of a strong contrast in rock type in the development of this exceptional terrain. Much of the range is developed on pervasively fractured flysch, with local relief of 1000–1500 m, and mean summit elevations that are similar to modern snow line elevations. In contrast, Cretaceous and Tertiary plutons of relatively intact granite support the range's tallest mountains (including Mt. McKinley, or Denali, at 6194 m), with 2500–5000 m of local relief. The high granitic peaks protrude well above modern snow lines and support many large glaciers. We focus on the plutons of the Denali massif and the Kichatna Mountains, to the west. We use field observations, satellite photos, and digital elevation data to demonstrate how exhumation of these plutons affects glacier longitudinal profiles, the glacial drainage network, and the effectiveness of periglacial processes. In strong granite, steep, smooth valley walls are maintained by detachment of rock slabs along sheeting joints. These steep walls act as low-friction surfaces (“Teflon”), efficiently shedding snow. Simple scaling calculations show that this avalanching may greatly enhance the health of the modern glaciers. We conclude that, in places such as Denali, unusual combinations of rapid tectonic uplift and great rock strength have created the highest relief in North America by enhancing glacial erosion in the valleys while preserving the peaks.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011JF002068","usgsCitation":"Ward, D.J., Anderson, R., and Haeussler, P.J., 2012, Scaling the Teflon Peaks: Rock type and the generation of extreme relief in the glaciated western Alaska Range: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 117, no. F1, Article F01031: 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002068.","productDescription":"Article F01031: 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-030463","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474466,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jf002068","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343254,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Western Alaska Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.5,\n 62.5\n ],\n [\n -149.58,\n 61.83\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 62.99990823332931\n ],\n [\n -151.82,\n 63.89\n ],\n [\n -153.5,\n 62.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"F1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59576339e4b0d1f9f051b556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, Dylan J.","contributorId":194090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Robert S.","contributorId":102396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Robert S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038667,"text":"70038667 - 2012 - Incorporating climate change into systematic conservation planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-16T01:01:35","indexId":"70038667","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-12T11:25:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating climate change into systematic conservation planning","docAbstract":"The principles of systematic conservation planning are now widely used by governments and non-government organizations alike to develop biodiversity conservation plans for countries, states, regions, and ecoregions. Many of the species and ecosystems these plans were designed to conserve are now being affected by climate change, and there is a critical need to incorporate new and complementary approaches into these plans that will aid species and ecosystems in adjusting to potential climate change impacts. We propose five approaches to climate change adaptation that can be integrated into existing or new biodiversity conservation plans: (1) conserving the geophysical stage, (2) protecting climatic refugia, (3) enhancing regional connectivity, (4) sustaining ecosystem process and function, and (5) capitalizing on opportunities emerging in response to climate change. We discuss both key assumptions behind each approach and the trade-offs involved in using the approach for conservation planning. We also summarize additional data beyond those typically used in systematic conservation plans required to implement these approaches. A major strength of these approaches is that they are largely robust to the uncertainty in how climate impacts may manifest in any given region.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biodiversity and Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10531-012-0269-3","usgsCitation":"Groves, C.R., Game, E.T., Anderson, M.G., Cross, M., Enquist, C., Ferdana, Z., Girvetz, E., Gondor, A., Hall, K., Higgins, J., Marshall, R., Popper, K., Schill, S., and Shafer, S., 2012, Incorporating climate change into systematic conservation planning: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 21, no. 7, p. 1651-1671, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0269-3.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1651","endPage":"1671","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474470,"rank":201,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0269-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257494,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0269-3","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":257520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39e8e4b0c8380cd61a9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groves, Craig R.","contributorId":39228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Game, Edward T.","contributorId":16267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Game","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Mark G. 0000-0002-1477-6788 manders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1477-6788","contributorId":38412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Mark","email":"manders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cross, Molly","contributorId":73455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Molly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Enquist, Carolyn","contributorId":19421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enquist","given":"Carolyn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ferdana, Zach","contributorId":7129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferdana","given":"Zach","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Girvetz, Evan","contributorId":104764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girvetz","given":"Evan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gondor, Anne","contributorId":48017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gondor","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hall, Kimberly R.","contributorId":42476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Kimberly R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Higgins, Jonathan","contributorId":80534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Marshall, Rob","contributorId":59673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Rob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Popper, Ken","contributorId":106745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popper","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Schill, Steve","contributorId":26184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Shafer, Sarah L.","contributorId":32623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"Sarah L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70038671,"text":"sir20115182 - 2012 - Hydrogeology, water chemistry, and transport processes in the zone of contribution of a public-supply well in Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2007-9","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-13T01:01:48","indexId":"sir20115182","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5182","title":"Hydrogeology, water chemistry, and transport processes in the zone of contribution of a public-supply well in Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2007-9","docAbstract":"The National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) of the U.S. Geological Survey began a series of groundwater studies in 2001 in representative aquifers across the Nation in order to increase understanding of the factors that affect transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants (TANC) to public-supply wells. One of 10 regional-scale TANC studies was conducted in the Middle Rio Grande Basin (MRGB) in New Mexico, where a more detailed local-scale study subsequently investigated the hydrogeology, water chemistry, and factors affecting the transport of contaminants in the zone of contribution of one 363-meter (m) deep public-supply well in Albuquerque. During 2007 through 2009, samples were collected for the local-scale study from 22 monitoring wells and 3 public-supply (supply) wells for analysis of major and trace elements, arsenic speciation, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), dissolved gases, stable isotopes, and tracers of young and old water. To study groundwater chemistry and ages at various depths within the aquifer, the monitoring wells were divided into three categories: (1) each shallow well was screened across the water table or had a screen midpoint within 18.3 m of the water level in the well; (2) each intermediate well had a screen midpoint between about 27.1 and 79.6 m below the water level in the well; and (3) each deep well had a screen midpoint about 185 m or more below the water level in the well. The 24-square-kilometer study area surrounding the \"studied supply well\" (SSW), one of the three supply wells, consists of primarily urban land within the MRGB, a deep alluvial basin with an aquifer composed of unconsolidated to moderately consolidated deposits of sand, gravel, silt, and clay. Conditions generally are unconfined, but are semiconfined at depth. Groundwater withdrawals for public supply have substantially changed the primary direction of flow from northeast to southwest under predevelopment conditions, to west to east under modern conditions. Analysis of age tracers indicates that groundwater from most sampled wells is dominated by old (pre-1950) water, ranging in mean age from about 4,000 years to more than 22,000 years, but includes a fraction of young (post-1950) recharge. Patterns in chemical and isotopic data are consistent with the conclusions that shallow groundwater in the area typically includes a fraction that evaporated prior to recharge and (or) flushed accumulated solutes out of the unsaturated zone during recharge, and that shallow groundwater has mixed to deeper parts of the aquifer, which receives recharge mainly by seepage from the Rio Grande. Among shallow and intermediate wells that produced water with a fraction of young recharge, that fraction ranged between 1.5 and 46 percent. Samples from the two deep wells had groundwater ages exceeding 18,000 years, with no fraction of young recharge. Two supply wells (including the SSW) had a fraction of young recharge, which ranged between about 3 and 11 percent, despite mean groundwater ages exceeding 10,000 years. The fraction of young recharge to the SSW varied seasonally, probably because seasonal pumping patterns affected local hydraulic gradients and (or) because of flow through the well bore when the SSW is not pumping. Well-bore flow data collected during winter (low-pumping season) indicated that about 61 percent of the water pumped from the SSW entered the well from the intermediate part of the aquifer, and that the remaining 39 percent entered from the deep part of the aquifer. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in samples from most shallow and intermediate monitoring wells and from two of three supply wells, including the SSW. Detected VOCs were primarily chlorinated solvents or their degradation products. Many of the wells in which most of these VOCs were detected are located near known sites of solvent contamination that were targeted for sampling because trichloroethylene (TCE) and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene had been detected in the SSW, and several of these wells may have become contaminated at least partly because of enhanced vertical migration associated with the pumping of and (or) direct migration down deep well bores. Except for TCE in the sample from a shallow monitoring well, all detections of VOCs were at concentrations below Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Concentrations of all VOCs detected in the supply wells were less than one-tenth of the corresponding MCLs. However, the presence of VOCs in all but deep groundwater, including the detection of chloroform (a chlorination byproduct) in several shallow wells, indicates that groundwater in the study area commonly is affected by human activities, even to substantial depths. The only natural contaminant detected at concentrations near or above its MCL was arsenic, which has been detected at elevated concentrations across broad areas of the MRGB. Concentrations of arsenic, present primarily as arsenate, exceeded the MCL of 10 micrograms per liter (μg/L) in water from the two deep wells (one of which had the highest concentration, 35 μg/L), from one intermediate well, and from two supply wells, including the SSW. Water-quality and solid-phase data from this study are consistent with elevated arsenic concentrations in groundwater being related to pH-dependent desorption of arsenic from ferric oxyhydroxides in sediments in deep parts of the aquifer. Concentrations of nitrate ranged between 1.3 and 5.4 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in water from shallow wells screened across the water table, but were less than 0.9 mg/L in water from all but one deeper well. Nitrogen isotopes and chloride/bromide ratios for shallow wells were consistent with natural soil nitrogen. Nitrate concentrations and nitrogen isotopes indicated that denitrification is occurring at intermediate aquifer depths, and that the progress of the denitrification reaction typically is greatest for wells that include a fraction of groundwater associated with particular recharge sources or with known sites of contamination contributing organic compounds that can provide a carbon source for microbial respiration. Overall, hydrologic and chemical data from the study area indicate that young recharge is reaching the aquifer across broad areas and is migrating from shallow to intermediate depths of the aquifer as a result of mixing that is associated with human development of groundwater. Consequently, groundwater that human activities in the urban study area have affected is present at depths that are within the screened intervals of public-supply wells, resulting in detections of VOCs and implying greater vulnerability to anthropogenic contamination than might be assumed based on the dominantly old age of the regional groundwater. However, the fractions of old groundwater that public-supply wells produce substantially dilute the anthropogenic contaminants, while contributing natural contaminants (primarily arsenic) to the wells. Based on data from the SSW, vulnerability of public-supply wells to natural and anthropogenic contaminants in the area changes through time, including with seasonal changes in pumping stresses that alter the fractions of young and old water being contributed to wells.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115182","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Bexfield, L.M., Jurgens, B., Crilley, D.M., and Christenson, S.C., 2012, Hydrogeology, water chemistry, and transport processes in the zone of contribution of a public-supply well in Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2007-9: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5182, xi, 109 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115182.","productDescription":"xi, 109 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5182.gif"},{"id":257478,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 13","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Bernalillo;Cibola;Sandoval;Santa Fe;Socorro;Torrance;Valencia","city":"Albuquerque","otherGeospatial":"Middle Rio Grande Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.41666666666667,34.25 ], [ -107.41666666666667,35.75 ], [ -106.08333333333333,35.75 ], [ -106.08333333333333,34.25 ], [ -107.41666666666667,34.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a34e8e4b0c8380cd5fb11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bexfield, Laura M. 0000-0002-1789-654X bexfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-654X","contributorId":1273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"Laura","email":"bexfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":22454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crilley, Dianna M. 0000-0003-0432-5948 dcrilley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0432-5948","contributorId":3896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crilley","given":"Dianna","email":"dcrilley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christenson, Scott C. schris@usgs.gov","contributorId":980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","email":"schris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038674,"text":"pp1791 - 2012 - The Novarupta-Katmai eruption of 1912 - largest eruption of the twentieth century; centennial perspectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:49:18","indexId":"pp1791","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1791","title":"The Novarupta-Katmai eruption of 1912 - largest eruption of the twentieth century; centennial perspectives","docAbstract":"The explosive outburst at Novarupta (Alaska) in June 1912 was the 20th century's most voluminous volcanic eruption. Marking its centennial, we illustrate and document the complex eruptive sequence, which was long misattributed to nearby Mount Katmai, and how its deposits have provided key insights about volcanic and magmatic processes. It was one of the few historical eruptions to produce a collapsed caldera, voluminous high-silica rhyolite, wide compositional zonation (51-78 percent SiO2), banded pumice, welded tuff, and an aerosol/dust veil that depressed global temperature measurably. It emplaced a series of ash flows that filled what became the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, sustaining high-temperature metal-transporting fumaroles for a decade. Three explosive episodes spanned ~60 hours, depositing ~17 km3 of fallout and 11±2 km3 of ignimbrite, together representing ~13.5 km3 of zoned magma. No observers were nearby and no aircraft were in Alaska, and so the eruption narrative was assembled from scattered villages and ship reports. Because volcanology was in its infancy and the early investigations (1915-23) were conducted under arduous expeditionary conditions, many provocative misapprehensions attended reports based on those studies. Fieldwork at Katmai was not resumed until 1953, but, since then, global advances in physical volcanology and chemical petrology have gone hand in hand with studies of the 1912 deposits, clarifying the sequence of events and processes and turning the eruption into one of the best studied in the world. To provide perspective on this century-long evolution, we describe the geologic and geographic setting of the eruption - in a remote, sparsely inhabited wilderness; we review the cultural and scientific contexts at the time of the eruption and early expeditions; and we compile a chronology of the many Katmai investigations since 1912. Products of the eruption are described in detail, including eight layers of regionwide fallout, nine packages of ash flows, and three lava domes that followed the explosive pyroclastic episodes. Changes in the proportions of coerupting rhyolite, dacite, and andesite pumice documented for the fallout and ash-flow successions, which are locally interbedded, permit close correlation of those synchronously emplaced sequences and their varied facies. Petrological correlation of the sequence of deposits near Novarupta with ash layers at Kodiak village, 170 km downwind, where three episodes of ashfall were recorded (to the hour), provides key constraints on timing of the eruptive events. Syneruptive collapse of a kilometer-deep caldera took place atop Mount Katmai, a stratovolcano centered 10 km east of the eruption site at Novarupta, owing to drainage of magma from beneath the Katmai edifice. Correlation of ~50 earthquakes recorded at distant seismic stations (including 14 shocks of magnitude 6.0 to 7.0) to fitful caldera collapse provides further constraints on eruption timing, because layers of nonjuvenile breccia and mud ejected from Mount Katmai during collapse pulses are intercalated with the pumice-fall layers from Novarupta. Structure of the Novarupta vent, a 2-km-wide depression backfilled by welded tuff and inferred to be funnel-shaped at depth, is described in detail, as is the 4-km-wide caldera at Mount Katmai. Discussions are also provided concerning: (1) the impact on global climate of the great mass of sulfur-poor but halogen-rich aerosol ejected into the atmosphere by the rhyolite-dominated eruption; (2) chemical and mineralogical effects of the fumarolic acid gases; and (3) the timing of several syneruptive landslide deposits sandwiched within the pumice-fall sequence. Secondary posteruption phenomena characterized include impounded lakes, ash-rich debris flows, phreatic craters on the ignimbrite sheet, responses of glaciers to the fallout blanket and to beheading by caldera collapse, growth of new glaciers inside the caldera, and gradual filling of the caldera lake. Structure, composition, and ages of the several andesite-dacite stratovolcanoes, closely clustered near Novarupta, all of which remain fumarolically and seismically active, are summarized. But among them only Mount Katmai extends compositionally to include basalt and rhyolite. The petrological affinities of 1912 magmas erupted at Novarupta with pre-1912 Katmai lavas are outlined, and various chemical, mineralogical, isotopic, and experimental data are assembled to construct a model of preeruptive magma storage beneath Mount Katmai. The monograph concludes by comparing the 1912 eruption with several other well-studied large explosive eruptions, 14 of them historical and 9 prehistoric. Finally, we retrospectively review the historical difficulties in understanding what had actually taken place at Katmai in 1912 and the century of progress in volcano science that has allowed most of it to be figured out.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1791","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, W., and Fierstein, J., 2012, The Novarupta-Katmai eruption of 1912 - largest eruption of the twentieth century; centennial perspectives: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1791, xiv, 244 p.; Appendices; E-Book Version, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1791.","productDescription":"xiv, 244 p.; Appendices; E-Book Version","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1791.gif"},{"id":257479,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1791/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States;Canada","state":"Alaska;British Columbia;Washington;Yukon","otherGeospatial":"Novarupta Volcano;Mount Katmai","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -170,40 ], [ -170,75 ], [ -110,75 ], [ -110,40 ], [ -170,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba861e4b08c986b321bac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, Wes","contributorId":15996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"Wes","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fierstein, Judy","contributorId":88337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"Judy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038662,"text":"ofr20121125 - 2012 - A multi-year analysis of spillway survival for juvenile salmonids as a function of spill bay operations at McNary Dam, Washington and Oregon, 2004-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-13T01:01:48","indexId":"ofr20121125","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1125","title":"A multi-year analysis of spillway survival for juvenile salmonids as a function of spill bay operations at McNary Dam, Washington and Oregon, 2004-09","docAbstract":"We analyzed 6 years (2004-09) of passage and survival data collected at McNary Dam to examine how spill bay operations affect survival of juvenile salmonids passing through the spillway at McNary Dam. We also examined the relations between spill bay operations and survival through the juvenile fish bypass in an attempt to determine if survival through the bypass is influenced by spill bay operations. We used a Cormack-Jolly-Seber release-recapture model (CJS model) to determine how the survival of juvenile salmonids passing through McNary Dam relates to spill bay operations. Results of these analyses, while not designed to yield predictive models, can be used to help develop dam-operation strategies that optimize juvenile salmonid survival. For example, increasing total discharge typically had a positive effect on both spillway and bypass survival for all species except sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Likewise, an increase in spill bay discharge improved spillway survival for yearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and an increase in spillway discharge positively affected spillway survival for juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The strong linear relation between increased spill and increased survival indicates that increasing the amount of water through the spillway is one strategy that could be used to improve spillway survival for yearling Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead. However, increased spill did not improve spillway survival for subyearling Chinook salmon and sockeye salmon. Our results indicate that a uniform spill pattern would provide the highest spillway survival and bypass survival for subyearling Chinook salmon. Conversely, a predominantly south spill pattern provided the highest spillway survival for yearling Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead. Although spill pattern was not a factor for spillway survival of sockeye salmon, spill bay operations that optimize passage through the north and south spill bays maximized spillway survival for this species. Bypass survival of yearling Chinook salmon could be improved by optimizing conditions to facilitate bypass passage at night, but the method to do so is not apparent from this analysis because photoperiod was the only factor affecting bypass survival based on the best and only supported model. Bypass survival of juvenile steelhead would benefit from lower water temperatures and increased total and spillway discharge. Likewise, subyearling Chinook salmon bypass survival would improve with lower water temperatures, increased total discharge, and a uniform spill pattern.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121125","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Adams, N.S., Hansel, H.C., Perry, R.W., and Evans, S.D., 2012, A multi-year analysis of spillway survival for juvenile salmonids as a function of spill bay operations at McNary Dam, Washington and Oregon, 2004-09: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1125, vi, 51 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121125.","productDescription":"vi, 51 p.; Appendices","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1125.jpg"},{"id":257472,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1125/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mcnary Dam;Columbia River;Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,45.25 ], [ -121,48.25 ], [ -117.75,48.25 ], [ -117.75,45.25 ], [ -121,45.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48ce4b0c8380cd466f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansel, Hal C. 0000-0002-3537-8244 hhansel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-8244","contributorId":2887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"Hal","email":"hhansel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, Scott D. 0000-0003-0452-7726 sdevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7726","contributorId":4408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Scott","email":"sdevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189060,"text":"70189060 - 2012 - State of the art satellite and airborne marine oil spill remote sensing: Application to the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T09:41:05","indexId":"70189060","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"State of the art satellite and airborne marine oil spill remote sensing: Application to the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill","title":"State of the art satellite and airborne marine oil spill remote sensing: Application to the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill","docAbstract":"The vast and persistent Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill challenged response capabilities, which required accurate, quantitative oil assessment at synoptic and operational scales. Although experienced observers are a spill response's mainstay, few trained observers and confounding factors including weather, oil emulsification, and scene illumination geometry present challenges. DWH spill and impact monitoring was aided by extensive airborne and spaceborne passive and active remote sensing.
Oil slick thickness and oil-to-water emulsion ratios are key spill response parameters for containment/cleanup and were derived quantitatively for thick (> 0.1 mm) slicks from AVIRIS (Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer) data using a spectral library approach based on the shape and depth of near infrared spectral absorption features. MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite, visible-spectrum broadband data of surface-slick modulation of sunglint reflection allowed extrapolation to the total slick. A multispectral expert system used a neural network approach to provide Rapid Response thickness class maps.
Airborne and satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides synoptic data under all-sky conditions; however, SAR generally cannot discriminate thick (> 100 μm) oil slicks from thin sheens (to 0.1 μm). The UAVSAR's (Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle SAR) significantly greater signal-to-noise ratio and finer spatial resolution allowed successful pattern discrimination related to a combination of oil slick thickness, fractional surface coverage, and emulsification.
In situ burning and smoke plumes were studied with AVIRIS and corroborated spaceborne CALIPSO (Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) observations of combustion aerosols. CALIPSO and bathymetry lidar data documented shallow subsurface oil, although ancillary data were required for confirmation.
Airborne hyperspectral, thermal infrared data have nighttime and overcast collection advantages and were collected as well as MODIS thermal data. However, interpretation challenges and a lack of Rapid Response Products prevented significant use. Rapid Response Products were key to response utilization—data needs are time critical; thus, a high technological readiness level is critical to operational use of remote sensing products. DWH's experience demonstrated that development and operationalization of new spill response remote sensing tools must precede the next major oil spill.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.024","usgsCitation":"Leifer, I., Lehr, W.J., Simecek-Beatty, D., Bradley, E., Clark, R.N., Dennison, P.E., Hu, Y., Matheson, S., Jones, C., Holt, B., Reif, M., Roberts, D.A., Svejkovsky, J., Swayze, G.A., and Wozencraft, J.M., 2012, State of the art satellite and airborne marine oil spill remote sensing: Application to the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 124, p. 185-209, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.024.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"209","ipdsId":"IP-028402","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c6e4b0d1f9f05067dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leifer, Ira","contributorId":57988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leifer","given":"Ira","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lehr, William J.","contributorId":193968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lehr","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simecek-Beatty, Debra","contributorId":193944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simecek-Beatty","given":"Debra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, Eliza","contributorId":61130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Eliza","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dennison, Philip E.","contributorId":105132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennison","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hu, Yongxiang","contributorId":193969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Yongxiang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Matheson, Scott","contributorId":193970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matheson","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jones, Cathleen E","contributorId":189314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Cathleen E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Holt, Benjamin","contributorId":118403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holt","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Reif, Molly","contributorId":193971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reif","given":"Molly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Roberts, Dar A.","contributorId":100503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Dar","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12804,"text":"Univ. of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":702749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Svejkovsky, Jan","contributorId":53208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svejkovsky","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wozencraft, Jennifer M.","contributorId":60964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wozencraft","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70176228,"text":"70176228 - 2012 - Organic geochemistry and petrology of subsurface Paleocene-Eocene Wilcox and Claiborne Group coal beds, Zavala County, Maverick Basin, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-01T12:31:31","indexId":"70176228","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic geochemistry and petrology of subsurface Paleocene-Eocene Wilcox and Claiborne Group coal beds, Zavala County, Maverick Basin, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"Coal samples from a coalbed methane exploration well in northern Zavala County, Maverick Basin, Texas, were characterized through an integrated analytical program. The well was drilled in February, 2006 and shut in after coal core desorption indicated negligible gas content. Cuttings samples from two levels in the Eocene Claiborne Group were evaluated by way of petrographic techniques and Rock–Eval pyrolysis. Core samples from the Paleocene–Eocene Indio Formation (Wilcox Group) were characterized via proximate–ultimate analysis in addition to petrography and pyrolysis. Two Indio Formation coal samples were selected for detailed evaluation via gas chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy. Samples are subbituminous rank as determined from multiple thermal maturity parameters. Elevated rank (relative to similar age coal beds elsewhere in the Gulf Coast Basin) in the study area is interpreted to be a result of stratigraphic and/or structural thickening related to Laramide compression and construction of the Sierra Madre Oriental to the southwest. Vitrinite reflectance data, along with extant data, suggest the presence of an erosional unconformity or change in regional heat flow between the Cretaceous and Tertiary sections and erosion of up to >5 km over the Cretaceous. The presence of liptinite-rich coals in the Claiborne at the well site may indicate moderately persistent or recurring coal-forming paleoenvironments, interpreted as perennially submerged peat in shallow ephemeral lakes with herbaceous and/or flotant vegetation. However, significant continuity of individual Eocene coal beds in the subsurface is not suggested. Indio Formation coal samples contain abundant telovitrinite interpreted to be preserved from arborescent, above-ground woody vegetation that developed during the middle portion of mire development in forested swamps. Other petrographic criteria suggest enhanced biological, chemical and physical degradation at the beginning and end of Indio mire development. Fluorescence spectra of sporinite and resinite are consistent and distinctly different from each other, attributed to the presence of a greater proportion of complex asphaltene and polar molecules in resinite. Gas chromatography of resinite-rich coal shows sesquiterpenoid and diterpenoid peaks in the C14–17 range, which are not present in resinite-poor coal. Quantities of extracts suggest bitumen concentration below the threshold for effective source rocks [30–50 mg hydrocarbon/g total organic carbon (HC/g TOC)]. Saturate/aromatic and pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratios are different from values for nearby Tertiary-reservoired crude oil, suggesting that the Indio coals are too immature to source liquid hydrocarbons in the area. However, moderately high HI values (200–400 mg HC/g rock) may suggest some potential for naphthenic–paraffinic oil generation where buried more deeply down stratigraphic/structural dip. Extractable phenols and C20+ alkanes are suggested as possible intermediates for acetate fermentation in microbial methanogenesis which may, however, be limited by poor nutrient supply related to low rainfall and meteoric recharge rate or high local sulfate concentration.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.02.008","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P.C., Warwick, P.D., Hook, R.W., Alimi, H., Mastalerz, M., and Swanson, S.M., 2012, Organic geochemistry and petrology of subsurface Paleocene-Eocene Wilcox and Claiborne Group coal beds, Zavala County, Maverick Basin, Texas, USA: Organic Geochemistry, v. 46, p. 137-153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.02.008.","startPage":"137","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-028083","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328217,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Zavala County","otherGeospatial":"Maverick Basin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-99.4107,29.087],[-99.4009,28.6417],[-100.1118,28.6383],[-100.112,28.743],[-100.1119,29.0844],[-99.6813,29.0872],[-99.4107,29.087]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Zavala\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","volume":"46","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57caa2abe4b0f2f0cec2049e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hook, Robert W.","contributorId":26006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alimi, Hossein","contributorId":74279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alimi","given":"Hossein","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":105788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[{"id":17608,"text":"Indiana Univesity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swanson, Sharon M. 0000-0002-4235-1736 smswanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4235-1736","contributorId":590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Sharon","email":"smswanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70038653,"text":"ofr20121080 - 2012 - Magnetic map of the Irish Hills and surrounding areas, San Luis Obispo County, central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T22:03:18.851877","indexId":"ofr20121080","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1080","title":"Magnetic map of the Irish Hills and surrounding areas, San Luis Obispo County, central California","docAbstract":"A magnetic map of the Irish Hills and surrounding areas was created as part of a cooperative research and development agreement with the Pacific Gas and Electric Company and is intended to promote further understanding of the areal geology and structure by serving as a basis for geophysical interpretations and by supporting geological mapping, mineral and water resource investigations, and other topical studies. Local spatial variations in the Earth's magnetic field (evident as anomalies on magnetic maps) reflect the distribution of magnetic minerals, primarily magnetite, in the underlying rocks. In many cases the volume content of magnetic minerals can be related to rock type, and abrupt spatial changes in the amount of magnetic minerals can be related to either lithologic or structural boundaries. Magnetic susceptibility measurements from the area indicate that bodies of serpentinite and other mafic and ultramafic rocks tend to produce the most intense magnetic anomalies, but such generalizations must be applied with caution because some sedimentary units also can produce measurable magnetic anomalies. Remanent magnetization does not appear to be a significant source for magnetic anomalies because it is an order of magnitude less than the induced magnetization. The map is a mosaic of three separate surveys collected by (1) fixed-wing aircraft at a nominal height of 305 m, (2) by boat with the sensor at sea level, and (3) by helicopter. The helicopter survey was flown by New-Sense Geophysics in October 2009 along flight lines spaced 150-m apart and at a nominal terrain clearance of 50 to 100 m. Tie lines were flown 1,500-m apart. Data were adjusted for lag error and diurnal field variations. Further processing included microleveling using the tie lines and subtraction of the reference field defined by International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) 2005 extrapolated to August 1, 2008.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121080","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Watt, J., and Denton, K., 2012, Magnetic map of the Irish Hills and surrounding areas, San Luis Obispo County, central California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1080, Map: 47.61 inches x 38.44 inches; Readme TXT; Metadata Folder; GIS Database ZIP, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121080.","productDescription":"Map: 47.61 inches x 38.44 inches; Readme TXT; Metadata Folder; GIS Database ZIP","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1080.jpg"},{"id":257423,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1080/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 10","datum":"NAD27","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Luis Obispo","otherGeospatial":"Irish Hills","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.95083333333334,35.08416666666667 ], [ -120.95083333333334,35.284166666666664 ], [ -120.70083333333334,35.284166666666664 ], [ -120.70083333333334,35.08416666666667 ], [ -120.95083333333334,35.08416666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b72e4b0c8380cd69554","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watt, J. T. 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":86052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"J. T.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denton, K.M.","contributorId":102736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denton","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038661,"text":"sir20115219 - 2012 - Airborne electromagnetic mapping of the base of aquifer in areas of western Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-12T01:01:50","indexId":"sir20115219","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5219","title":"Airborne electromagnetic mapping of the base of aquifer in areas of western Nebraska","docAbstract":"Airborne geophysical surveys of selected areas of the North and South Platte River valleys of Nebraska, including Lodgepole Creek valley, collected data to map aquifers and bedrock topography and thus improve the understanding of groundwater - surface-water relationships to be used in water-management decisions. Frequency-domain helicopter electromagnetic surveys, using a unique survey flight-line design, collected resistivity data that can be related to lithologic information for refinement of groundwater model inputs. To make the geophysical data useful to multidimensional groundwater models, numerical inversion converted measured data into a depth-dependent subsurface resistivity model. The inverted resistivity model, along with sensitivity analyses and test-hole information, is used to identify hydrogeologic features such as bedrock highs and paleochannels, to improve estimates of groundwater storage. The two- and three-dimensional interpretations provide the groundwater modeler with a high-resolution hydrogeologic framework and a quantitative estimate of framework uncertainty. The new hydrogeologic frameworks improve understanding of the flow-path orientation by refining the location of paleochannels and associated base of aquifer highs. These interpretations provide resource managers high-resolution hydrogeologic frameworks and quantitative estimates of framework uncertainty. The improved base of aquifer configuration represents the hydrogeology at a level of detail not achievable with previously available data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115219","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resources District, the South Platte Natural Resources District, and the Nebraska Environmental Trust","usgsCitation":"Abraham, J., Cannia, J.C., Bedrosian, P.A., Johnson, M., Ball, L.B., and Sibray, S.S., 2012, Airborne electromagnetic mapping of the base of aquifer in areas of western Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5219, v, 30 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115219.","productDescription":"v, 30 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5219.gif"},{"id":257464,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5219/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River;Lodgepole Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.5,39.5 ], [ -104.5,44 ], [ -95,44 ], [ -95,39.5 ], [ -104.5,39.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e920e4b0c8380cd480f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abraham, Jared D.","contributorId":42630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Jared D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannia, James C.","contributorId":94356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sibray, Steven S.","contributorId":88589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibray","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}