The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District; City of Corpus Christi; Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority; San Antonio River Authority; and San Antonio Water System, developed, calibrated, and tested a Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) watershed model to simulate streamflow and suspended-sediment concentrations and loads during 1958-2010 in the lower Nueces River watershed, downstream from Lake Corpus Christi to the Nueces Estuary in south Texas. Data available to simulate suspended-sediment concentrations and loads consisted of historical sediment data collected during 1942-82 in the study area and suspended-sediment concentration data collected periodically by the USGS during 2006-7 and 2010 at three USGS streamflow-gaging stations (08211000 Nueces River near Mathis, Tex. [the Mathis gage], 08211200 Nueces River at Bluntzer, Tex. [the Bluntzer gage], and 08211500 Nueces River at Calallen, Tex. [the Calallen gage]), and at one ungaged location on a Nueces River tributary (USGS station 08211050 Bayou Creek at Farm Road 666 near Mathis, Tex.). The Mathis gage is downstream from Wesley E. Seale Dam, which was completed in 1958 to impound Lake Corpus Christi. Suspended-sediment data collected before and after completion of Wesley E. Seale Dam provide insights to the effects of the dam and reservoir on suspended-sediment loads transported by the lower Nueces River downstream from the dam to the Nueces Estuary. Annual suspended-sediment loads at the Nueces River near the Mathis, Tex., gage were considerably lower for a given annual mean discharge after the dam was completed than before the dam was completed.
\nMost of the suspended sediment transported by the Nueces River downstream from Wesley E. Seale Dam occurred during high-flow releases from the dam or during floods. During October 1964-September 1971, about 536,000 tons of suspended sediment were transported by the Nueces River past the Mathis gage. Of this amount, about 473,000 tons, or about 88 percent, were transported by large runoff events (mean streamflow exceeding 1,000 cubic feet per second).
\nTo develop the watershed model to simulate suspended-sediment concentrations and loads in the lower Nueces River watershed during 1958-2010, streamflow simulations were calibrated and tested with available data for 2001-10 from the Bluntzer and Calallen gages. Streamflow data for the Nueces River obtained from the Mathis gage were used as input to the model at the upstream boundary of the model. Simulated streamflow volumes for the Bluntzer and Calallen gages showed good agreement with measured streamflow volumes. For 2001-10, simulated streamflow at the Calallen gage was within 3 percent of measured streamflow.
\nThe HSPF model was calibrated to simulate suspended sediment using suspended-sediment data collected at the Mathis, Bluntzer, and Calallen gages during 2006-7. Model simulated suspended-sediment loads at the Calallen gage were within 5 percent of loads that were estimated, by regression, from suspended-sediment sample analysis and measured streamflow. The calibrated watershed model was used to estimate streamflow and suspended-sediment loads for 1958-2010, including loads transported to the Nueces Estuary. During 1958-2010, on average, an estimated 288 tons per day (tons/d) of suspended sediment were delivered to the lower Nueces River; an estimated 278 tons/d were delivered to the estuary. The annual suspended-sediment load was highly variable, depending on the occurrence of runoff events and high streamflows. During 1958-2010, the annual total sediment loads to the estuary varied from an estimated 3.8 to 2,490 tons/d. On average, 113 tons/d, or about 39 percent of the estimated annual suspended-sediment contribution, originated from cropland in the study watershed. Releases from Lake Corpus Christi delivered an estimated 94 tons/d of suspended sediment or about 33 percent of the 288 tons/d estimated to have been delivered to the lower Nueces River. Erosion of stream-channel bed and banks accounted for 44 tons/d or about 15 percent of the estimated total suspended-sediment load. All other land categories, except cropland, accounted for an estimated 36 tons/d, or about 12 percent of the total. An estimated 10 tons/d of suspended sediment or about 3 percent of the suspended-sediment load delivered to the lower Nueces River were removed by water withdrawals before reaching the Nueces Estuary.
\nDuring 2010, additional suspended-sediment data were collected during selected runoff events to provide new data for model testing and to help better understand the sources of suspended-sediment loads. The model was updated and used to estimate and compare sediment yields from each of 64 subwatersheds comprising the lower Nueces River watershed study area for three selected runoff events: November 20-21, 2009, September 7-8, 2010, and September 20-21, 2010. These three runoff events were characterized by heavy rainfall centered near the study area and during which minimal streamflow and suspended-sediment load entered the lower Nueces River upstream from Wesley E. Seale Dam. During all three runoff events, model simulations showed that the greatest sediment yields originated from the subwatersheds, which were largely cropland. In particular, the Bayou Creek subwatersheds were major contributors of suspended-sediment load to the lower Nueces River during the selected runoff events. During the November 2009 runoff event, high suspended-sediment concentrations in the Nueces River water withdrawn for the City of Corpus Christi public-water supply caused problems during the water-treatment process, resulting in failure to meet State water-treatment standards for turbidity in drinking water. Model simulations of the November 2009 runoff event showed that the Bayou Creek subwatersheds were the primary source of suspended-sediment loads during that runoff event.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135059","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District; City of Corpus Christi; Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority; San Antonio River Authority; and San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Ockerman, D.J., Heitmuller, F.T., and Wehmeyer, L.L., 2013, Sources of suspended-sediment loads in the lower Nueces River watershed, downstream from Lake Corpus Christi to the Nueces Estuary, south Texas, 1958–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5059, ix, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135059.","productDescription":"ix, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135059.gif"},{"id":271053,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5059/"},{"id":271054,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5059/pdf/sir2013-5059.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Lower Nueces River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.15,27.72 ], [ -98.15,28.26 ], [ -97.15,28.26 ], [ -97.15,27.72 ], [ -98.15,27.72 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517107dee4b0053160634243","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heitmuller, Franklin T.","contributorId":67476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heitmuller","given":"Franklin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wehmeyer, Loren L.","contributorId":90412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehmeyer","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045272,"text":"70045272 - 2013 - Vulnerability of streams to legacy nitrate sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-19T15:54:28","indexId":"70045272","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vulnerability of streams to legacy nitrate sources","docAbstract":"The influence of hydrogeologic setting on the susceptibility of streams to legacy nitrate was examined at seven study sites having a wide range of base flow index (BFI) values. BFI is the ratio of base flow to total streamflow volume. The portion of annual stream nitrate loads from base flow was strongly correlated with BFI. Furthermore, dissolved oxygen concentrations in streambed pore water were significantly higher in high BFI watersheds than in low BFI watersheds suggesting that geochemical conditions favor nitrate transport through the bed when BFI is high. Results from a groundwater-surface water interaction study at a high BFI watershed indicate that decades old nitrate-laden water is discharging to this stream. These findings indicate that high nitrate levels in this stream may be sustained for decades to come regardless of current practices. It is hypothesized that a first approximation of stream vulnerability to legacy nutrients may be made by geospatial analysis of watersheds with high nitrogen inputs and a strong connection to groundwater (e.g., high BFI).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications (American Chemical Society)","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es305026x","usgsCitation":"Tesoriero, A., Duff, J., Saad, D.A., Spahr, N.E., and Wolock, D.M., 2013, Vulnerability of streams to legacy nitrate sources: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 8, p. 3623-3629, https://doi.org/10.1021/es305026x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3623","endPage":"3629","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-042808","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271268,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es305026x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana;Maryl;Nebraska;North Carolina;Washington;Wisconsin","volume":"47","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5172679de4b0c173799e7abe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tesoriero, Anthony J.","contributorId":40207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"Anthony J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, John H.","contributorId":60102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spahr, Norman E. nspahr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"Norman","email":"nspahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":477179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045399,"text":"cir1383A - 2013 - U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Science Strategy—A Framework for Understanding and Responding to Global Change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-23T21:18:35.601132","indexId":"cir1383A","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-15T17:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1383","chapter":"A","displayTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey climate and land use change science strategy—A framework for understanding and responding to global change","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Science Strategy—A Framework for Understanding and Responding to Global Change","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), a nonregulatory Federal science agency with national scope and responsibilities, is uniquely positioned to serve the Nation’s needs in understanding and responding to global change, including changes in climate, water availability, sea level, land use and land cover, ecosystems, and global biogeochemical cycles. Global change is among the most challenging and formidable issues confronting our Nation and society. Scientists agree that global environmental changes during this century will have far-reaching societal implications (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007; U.S. Global Change Research Program, 2009). In the face of these challenges, the Nation can benefit greatly by using natural science information in decisionmaking.
Since the passage of the U.S. Global Change Research Act of 1990, the USGS has made substantial scientific contributions to understanding the interactive living and nonliving components of the Earth system. USGS natural science activities have led to fundamental advances in observing and understanding climate and land-cover change and the effects these changes have on ecosystems, natural-resource availability, and societal sustainability. Most of these major advances were pursued in partnership with other organizations within and outside the Department of the Interior. The inherent value of partnerships with other U.S. Global Change Research Program agencies and natural-resource managers is emphasized in all aspects of the planning and implementation of this Science Strategy for the coming decade.
Over the next 10 years, the USGS will make substantial contributions to understanding how Earth systems interact, respond to, and cause global change. The USGS will work with science partners, decisionmakers, and resource managers at local to international levels (including Native American tribes) to improve understanding of past and present change; develop relevant forecasts; and identify those lands, resources, and communities most vulnerable to global change processes. Science will play an essential role in helping communities and land and resource managers understand local to global implications, anticipate effects, prepare for changes, and reduce the risks associated with decisionmaking in a changing environment. USGS partners and stakeholders will benefit from the data, predictive models, and decision-support products and services resulting from the implementation of this strategy.
This Science Strategy recognizes core USGS strengths that are applied to key societal problems. It establishes seven goals for USGS global change science and strategic actions that may be implemented in the short term (1–5 years) and the longer term (5–10 years) to improve our understanding of the following areas of inquiry:
In addition to the seven thematic goals, we address the central role of monitoring in accordance with the USGS Science Strategy recommendation that global change research should rely on existing “…decades of observational data and long-term records to interpret consequences of climate variability and change to the Nation’s biological populations, ecosystems, and land and water resources” (U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, p. 19). We also briefly describe specific needs and opportunities for coordinating USGS global change science among USGS Mission Areas and address the need for a comprehensive and sustained communications strategy.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1383A","usgsCitation":"Burkett, V.R., Kirtland, D.A., Taylor, I.L., Belnap, Jayne, Cronin, T.M., Dettinger, M.D., Frazier, E.L., Haines, J.W., Loveland, T.R., Milly, P.C.D., O’Malley, Robin, Thompson, R.S., Maule, A.G., McMahon, Gerard, and Striegl, R.G., 2013, U.S. Geological Survey climate and land use change science strategy—A framework for understanding and responding to global change: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1383–A, 43 p.","productDescription":"viii, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270884,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1383a/images/coverthb.gif"},{"id":270883,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1383a/circ1383-A.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1383-A"}],"country":"United States","contact":"Land Resources
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Lamprey populations are in decline worldwide and the status of Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) is a topic of current interest. They and other lamprey species cycle nutrients and serve as prey in riverine ecosystems. To determine the current distribution of Pacific lamprey in major watersheds flowing into Puget Sound, Washington, we sampled lamprey captured during salmonid smolt monitoring that occurred from late winter to mid-summer. We found Pacific lamprey in 12 of 18 watersheds and they were most common in southern Puget Sound watersheds and in watersheds draining western Puget Sound (Hood Canal). Two additional species, western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni) and river lamprey (L. ayresii) were more common in eastern Puget Sound watersheds. Few Pacific lamprey macrophthalmia were found, suggesting that the majority of juveniles migrated seaward during other time periods. In addition, “dwarf” adult Pacific lamprey (< 300 mm) were observed in several watersheds and may represent an alternate life history for some Puget Sound populations. Based on genetic data, the use of visual techniques to identify lamprey ammocoetes as Entosphenus or Lampetra was successful for 97% (34 of 35) of the samples we evaluated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association","doi":"10.3955/046.087.0202","usgsCitation":"Hayes, M.C., Hays, R., Rubin, S.P., Chase, D., Hallock, M., Cook-Tabor, C., Luzier, C.W., and Moser, M., 2013, Distribution of Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus in watersheds of Puget Sound Based on smolt monitoring data: Northwest Science, v. 87, no. 2, p. 95-105, https://doi.org/10.3955/046.087.0202.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"105","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040130","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270873,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.7513,47.7495 ], [ -122.7513,48.2117 ], [ -122.3315,48.2117 ], [ -122.3315,47.7495 ], [ -122.7513,47.7495 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"87","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5580e4b0b290850f6571","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Michael C. 0000-0002-9060-0565 mhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0565","contributorId":3017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","email":"mhayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hays, Richard","contributorId":59320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chase, Dorothy M.","contributorId":59319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Dorothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hallock, Molly","contributorId":24251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallock","given":"Molly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cook-Tabor, Carrie","contributorId":31649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook-Tabor","given":"Carrie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luzier, Christina W.","contributorId":37616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luzier","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moser, Mary L.","contributorId":83412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"Mary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70045392,"text":"70045392 - 2013 - Immunological and reproductive health assessment in herring gulls and black-crowned night herons in the Hudson–Raritan Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T14:25:29","indexId":"70045392","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immunological and reproductive health assessment in herring gulls and black-crowned night herons in the Hudson–Raritan Estuary","docAbstract":"Previous studies have shown inexplicable declines in breeding waterbirds within western New York/New Jersey Harbor between 1996 and 2002 and elevated polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs. The present study assessed associations between immune function, prefledgling survival, and selected organochlorine compounds and metals in herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) in lower New York Harbor during 2003. In pipping gull embryos, lymphoid cells were counted in the thymus and bursa of Fabricius (sites of T and B lymphocyte maturation, respectively). The phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin response assessed T cell function in gull and heron chicks. Lymphocyte proliferation was measured in vitro in adult and prefledgling gulls. Reference data came from the Great Lakes and Bay of Fundy. Survival of prefledgling gulls was poor, with only 0.68 and 0.5 chicks per nest surviving to three and four weeks after hatch, respectively. Developing lymphoid cells were reduced 51% in the thymus and 42% in the bursa of gull embryos from New York Harbor. In vitro lymphocyte assays demonstrated reduced spontaneous proliferation, reduced T cell mitogen-induced proliferation, and increased B cell mitogen-induced proliferation in gull chicks from New York Harbor. The PHA skin response was suppressed 70 to 80% in gull and heron chicks. Strong negative correlations (r = –0.95 to –0.98) between the PHA response and dioxins and PCBs in gull livers was strong evidence suggesting that these chemicals contribute significantly to immunosuppression in New York Harbor waterbirds.
","publisher":"SETAC","publisherLocation":"Brussels, Belgium","doi":"10.1002/etc.2089","usgsCitation":"Grasman, K.A., Echols, K.R., May, T.M., Peterman, P.H., Gale, R.W., and Orazio, C.E., 2013, Immunological and reproductive health assessment in herring gulls and black-crowned night herons in the Hudson–Raritan Estuary: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 32, no. 3, p. 548-561, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2089.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"548","endPage":"561","ipdsId":"IP-019715","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2089","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.5598,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,42.1524 ], [ -71.7711,42.1524 ], [ -71.7711,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,38.9286 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6208e4b0b290850fde8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grasman, Keith A.","contributorId":18660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grasman","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Echols, Kathy R. 0000-0003-2631-9143 kechols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9143","contributorId":2799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"Kathy","email":"kechols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Thomas M. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":75050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterman, Paul H. ppeterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Paul","email":"ppeterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gale, Robert W. 0000-0002-8533-141X rgale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-141X","contributorId":2808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"Robert","email":"rgale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Orazio, Carl E. 0000-0002-2532-9668 corazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-9668","contributorId":1366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"Carl","email":"corazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70155850,"text":"70155850 - 2013 - Transport of nitrate in the Mississippi river in July-August 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T16:26:10.683103","indexId":"70155850","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":791,"text":"Annals of Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of nitrate in the Mississippi river in July-August 1999","docAbstract":"Lagrangian sampling was conducted on the Mississippi River in late July through early August 1999 to test the hypothesis that nitrate (NO3-) is transported conservatively in the Mississippi River. Three different approaches were pursued to test the hypothesis: (1) a mass balance for NO3- was evaluated for evidence of net gains and losses, (2) stable isotopes of NO3- were measured (δ15N and δ18O) to determine if fractionation occurred, and (3) the concentrations of dissolved gases (N2O, N2 and Ar) in river water were measured and compared to theoretical equilibrium concentrations. Integrated water samples and flow measurements were obtained at 10 sites on the Mississippi River and 7 sites near the mouths of major tributaries from northern Iowa to southern Louisiana, a distance of about 2,250 river kilometers. Mass balance calculations indicate that more than 80 percent of the NO3- mass discharged from the Mississippi River (1,930 metric tons/day) during the study period originated in the first 500 river kilometers of the study reach. The mass balance calculations also indicate that NO3- was not lost from the water column upstream of Vicksburg, MS, but that there might have been some loss of NO3- in the lower 700 kilometers of the study reach. The stable isotope ratios of N and O (δ15N and δ18O) of NO3- were consistent with mixing and transport in the absence of fractionating gains or losses. The concentrations of nitrogen (N2) and argon (Ar) dissolved in river water decreased in the downstream direction, approximately in equilibrium with air at increasing temperatures, giving no evidence of gains or losses of N2 by nitrogen fixation or denitrification. Nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations in the Mississippi River were approximately 26 to 200 percent of air saturation, indicating relatively low net production by combination of nitrification and denitrification. Results from this study indicate that most (>90%) of the NO3- that entered the Mississippi River during July-August 1999 was transported to the Gulf of Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"Annals of Environmental Science","usgsCitation":"Coupe, R.H., Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W.A., Bohlke, J.K., McMahon, P.B., and Kendall, C., 2013, Transport of nitrate in the Mississippi river in July-August 1999: Annals of Environmental Science, v. 7, p. 31-46.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010231","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306874,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306873,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2047/d20003062","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.74107915560967,\n 41.94696125124591\n ],\n [\n -90.7247111159534,\n 41.94782148065562\n ],\n [\n -92.21696687481273,\n 39.898696263591006\n ],\n [\n -90.62290688578673,\n 38.18884247832648\n ],\n [\n -89.55848774360221,\n 36.75978734815499\n ],\n [\n -91.35296698175478,\n 33.76126564353096\n ],\n [\n -91.39188011203447,\n 32.40871313340536\n ],\n [\n -92.00579094724804,\n 30.85436612286776\n ],\n [\n -89.04835434968044,\n 28.623578464133914\n ],\n [\n -88.77080814875106,\n 29.387440439736736\n ],\n [\n -90.78196226746519,\n 31.21911889670217\n ],\n [\n -90.15117747861228,\n 33.59436165469742\n ],\n [\n -88.49486393764408,\n 36.833375630685424\n ],\n [\n -89.58934752888702,\n 38.61451749276728\n ],\n [\n -90.49047617261863,\n 40.23407516171034\n ],\n [\n -89.74167750349469,\n 41.9024859627813\n ],\n [\n -89.74107915560967,\n 41.94696125124591\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45736e4b0518e35469506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, Donald A.","contributorId":46083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":127841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":566601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70156584,"text":"70156584 - 2013 - Delineation of fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones of the bedrock at the Harlem River Tunnel in northern New York County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T19:21:19.951485","indexId":"70156584","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Delineation of fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones of the bedrock at the Harlem River Tunnel in northern New York County, New York","docAbstract":"Advanced borehole-geophysical methods were used to investigate the hydrogeology of the crystalline bedrock in 36 boreholes on the northernmost part of New York County, New York, for the construction of a utilities tunnel beneath the Harlem River. The borehole-logging techniques were used to delineate bedrock fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones in test boreholes at the site. Fracture indexes of the deep boreholes ranged from 0.65 to 0.76 per foot. Most of the fracture populations had either northwest to southwest or east to southeast dip azimuths with moderate dip angles. The mean foliation dip azimuth ranged from 100º to 124º southeast with dip angles of 52º to 60º. Groundwater appears to flow through an interconnected network of fractures that are affected by tidal variations from the nearby Harlem River and tunnel construction dewatering operations. The transmissivities of the 3 boreholes tested (USGS-1, USGS-3, and USGS-4), calculated from specific capacity data, were 2, 48, and 30 feet squared per day (ft2/d), respectively. The highest transmissivities were observed in wells north and west of the secant ring. Three borehole-radar velocity tomograms were collected. In the USGS-1 and USGS-4 velocity tomogram there are two areas of low radar velocity. The first is at the top of the tomogram and runs from 105 ft below land surface (BLS) at USGS-4 and extends to 125 ft BLS at USGS-1, the second area is centered at a depth of 150 ft BLS at USGS-1 and 135 to 150 ft BLS at USGS-4. Field measurements of specific conductance of 14 boreholes under ambient conditions at the site indicate an increase in conductivity toward the southwest part of the site (nearest the Harlem River). Specific conductance ranged from 107 microsiemens per centimeter (μS/cm) (borehole 63C) to 11,000 μS/cm (borehole 79B). The secant boreholes had the highest specific conductance.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"20th Conference on the geology of Long Island and metropolitan New York","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"20th Conference on the Geology of Long Island and Metropolitan New York","conferenceDate":"April 13, 2013","conferenceLocation":"Stony Brook, New York, United States","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Stumm, F., Chu, A., Joesten, P.K., Noll, M.L., and Como, M.D., 2013, Delineation of fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones of the bedrock at the Harlem River Tunnel in northern New York County, New York, in 20th Conference on the geology of Long Island and metropolitan New York, Stony Brook, New York, United States, April 13, 2013, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Harlem River Tunnel","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.91962970636514,\n 40.87368620296553\n ],\n [\n -73.9184101328308,\n 40.87295613540937\n ],\n [\n -73.91099106049475,\n 40.869901291739524\n ],\n [\n -73.90847569007956,\n 40.86920960945341\n ],\n [\n -73.90677336868755,\n 40.87334038249534\n ],\n [\n -73.90621439748416,\n 40.87476207732257\n ],\n [\n -73.90629062082988,\n 40.87649112448045\n ],\n [\n -73.90662092199535,\n 40.87668323804374\n ],\n [\n -73.90710366985304,\n 40.87741326449918\n ],\n [\n -73.90796753443999,\n 40.87823933735811\n ],\n [\n -73.90875517568126,\n 40.878796450442564\n ],\n [\n -73.91035586594568,\n 40.880121976516676\n ],\n [\n -73.91063535154734,\n 40.880544602437624\n ],\n [\n -73.91142299278862,\n 40.8801796074828\n ],\n [\n -73.91236308072129,\n 40.87933434828133\n ],\n [\n -73.9140399943314,\n 40.87833539167303\n ],\n [\n -73.91536119899413,\n 40.87795117357837\n ],\n [\n -73.91607261688893,\n 40.87800880643462\n ],\n [\n -73.91663158809229,\n 40.87785511870598\n ],\n [\n -73.91785116162741,\n 40.87725957538848\n ],\n [\n -73.91787656940933,\n 40.8762797989169\n ],\n [\n -73.91919777407206,\n 40.8746852297337\n ],\n [\n -73.91962970636514,\n 40.87368620296553\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dc402de4b0518e354d10e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stumm, Frederick 0000-0002-5388-8811 fstumm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-8811","contributorId":1077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumm","given":"Frederick","email":"fstumm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chu, Anthony 0000-0001-8623-2862 achu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8623-2862","contributorId":2517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"Anthony","email":"achu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joesten, Peter K. pjoesten@usgs.gov","contributorId":1929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"Peter","email":"pjoesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noll, Michael L. 0000-0003-2050-3134 mnoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-3134","contributorId":4652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noll","given":"Michael","email":"mnoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Como, Michael D. 0000-0002-7911-5390 mcomo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-5390","contributorId":4651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Como","given":"Michael","email":"mcomo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045356,"text":"ofr20131069 - 2013 - Forecasting the impact of storm waves and sea-level rise on Midway Atoll and Laysan Island within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument—a comparison of passive versus dynamic inundation models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-11T07:50:43","indexId":"ofr20131069","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1069","title":"Forecasting the impact of storm waves and sea-level rise on Midway Atoll and Laysan Island within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument—a comparison of passive versus dynamic inundation models","docAbstract":"Two inundation events in 2011 underscored the potential for elevated water levels to damage infrastructure and affect terrestrial ecosystems on the low-lying Northwestern Hawaiian Islands in the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. The goal of this study was to compare passive \"bathtub\" inundation models based on geographic information systems (GIS) to those that include dynamic water levels caused by wave-induced set-up and run-up for two end-member island morphologies: Midway, a classic atoll with islands on the shallow (2-8 m) atoll rim and a deep, central lagoon; and Laysan, which is characterized by a deep (20-30 m) atoll rim and an island at the center of the atoll. Vulnerability to elevated water levels was assessed using hindcast wind and wave data to drive coupled physics-based numerical wave, current, and water-level models for the atolls. The resulting model data were then used to compute run-up elevations using a parametric run-up equation under both present conditions and future sea-level-rise scenarios. In both geomorphologies, wave heights and wavelengths adjacent to the island shorelines increased more than three times and four times, respectively, with increasing values of sea-level rise, as more deep-water wave energy could propagate over the atoll rim and larger wind-driven waves could develop on the atoll. Although these increases in water depth resulted in decreased set-up along the islands’ shorelines, the larger wave heights and longer wavelengths due to sea-level rise increased the resulting wave-induced run-up. Run-up values were spatially heterogeneous and dependent on the direction of incident wave direction, bathymetry, and island configuration. Island inundation was modeled to increase substantially when wave-driven effects were included, suggesting that inundation and impacts to infrastructure and terrestrial habitats will occur at lower values of predicted sea-level rise, and thus sooner in the 21st century, than suggested by passive GIS-based \"bathtub\" inundation models. Lastly, observations and the modeling results suggest that classic atolls with islands on a shallow atoll rim are more susceptible to the combined effects of sea-level rise and wave-driven inundation than atolls characterized by a deep atoll rim.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131069","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Berkowitz, P., Reynolds, M.H., and Logan, J., 2013, Forecasting the impact of storm waves and sea-level rise on Midway Atoll and Laysan Island within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument—a comparison of passive versus dynamic inundation models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1069, v, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131069.","productDescription":"v, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"83","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131069.gif"},{"id":270794,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1069/of2013-1069.pdf"},{"id":270795,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1069/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159.91,18.91 ], [ -159.91,22.86 ], [ -154.81,22.86 ], [ -154.81,18.91 ], [ -159.91,18.91 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5167cd59e4b0ec0efb666ee5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berkowitz, Paul pberkowitz@usgs.gov","contributorId":4642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkowitz","given":"Paul","email":"pberkowitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":477280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Michelle H. 0000-0001-7253-8158 mreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8158","contributorId":3871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Michelle","email":"mreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B.","contributorId":34470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70045377,"text":"ofr20131065 - 2013 - County-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from animal manure for the conterminous United States, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-11T15:48:33","indexId":"ofr20131065","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1065","title":"County-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from animal manure for the conterminous United States, 2002","docAbstract":"County-level nitrogen and phosphorus inputs from animal manure for the conterminous United States for 2002 were estimated from animal populations from the 2002 Census of Agriculture by using methods described in U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5012. These estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from animal manure were compiled in support of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment Program.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131065","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Mueller, D.K., and Gronberg, J., 2013, County-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from animal manure for the conterminous United States, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1065, HTML Document; Table 1; Dataset and Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131065.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Table 1; Dataset and Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131065.png"},{"id":270845,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1065/"},{"id":270846,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1065/pdf/ofr20131065_table1.pdf"},{"id":270847,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ofr2013-1065_manure_2002"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.79,24.52 ], [ -124.79,49.0 ], [ -66.95,49.0 ], [ -66.95,24.52 ], [ -124.79,24.52 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5167cd59e4b0ec0efb666ee1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, David K. mueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"mueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gronberg, Jo Ann M.","contributorId":18342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"Jo Ann M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045373,"text":"sir20135023 - 2013 - Methods, quality assurance, and data for assessing atmospheric deposition of pesticides in the Central Valley of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-11T15:35:47","indexId":"sir20135023","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5023","title":"Methods, quality assurance, and data for assessing atmospheric deposition of pesticides in the Central Valley of California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey monitored atmospheric deposition of pesticides in the Central Valley of California during two studies in 2001 and 2002–04. The 2001 study sampled wet deposition (rain) and storm-drain runoff in the Modesto, California, area during the orchard dormant-spray season to examine the contribution of pesticide concentrations to storm runoff from rainfall. In the 2002–04 study, the number and extent of collection sites in the Central Valley were increased to determine the areal distribution of organophosphate insecticides and other pesticides, and also five more sample types were collected. These were dry deposition, bulk deposition, and three sample types collected from a soil box: aqueous phase in runoff, suspended sediment in runoff, and surficial-soil samples. This report provides concentration data and describes methods and quality assurance of sample collection and laboratory analysis for pesticide compounds in all samples collected from 16 sites. Each sample was analyzed for 41 currently used pesticides and 23 pesticide degradates, including oxygen analogs (oxons) of 9 organophosphate insecticides. Analytical results are presented by sample type and study period.\n\nThe median concentrations of both chloryprifos and diazinon sampled at four urban (0.067 micrograms per liter [μg/L] and 0.515 μg/L, respectively) and four agricultural sites (0.079 μg/L and 0.583 μg/L, respectively) during a January 2001 storm event in and around Modesto, Calif., were nearly identical, indicating that the overall atmospheric burden in the region appeared to be fairly similar during the sampling event. Comparisons of median concentrations in the rainfall to those in the McHenry storm-drain runoff showed that, for some compounds, rainfall contributed a substantial percentage of the concentration in the runoff; for other compounds, the concentrations in rainfall were much greater than in the runoff. For example, diazinon concentrations in rainfall were about 70 percent of the diazinon concentration in the runoff, whereas the chlorpyrifos concentration in the rain was 1.8 times greater than in the runoff. The more water-soluble pesticides—carbaryl, metolachlor, napropamide, and simazine—followed the same pattern as diazinon and had lower concentrations in rain compared to runoff. Similar to chlorpyrifos,compounds with low water solubilities and higher soil-organic carbon partition coefficients, including dacthal, pendimethalin, and trifluralin, were found to have higher concentrations in rain than in runoff water and were presumed to partition to the suspended sediments and organic matter on the ground.\n\nDuring the 2002–04 study period, the herbicide dacthal had the highest detection frequencies for all sample types collected from the Central Valley sites (67–100 percent). The most frequently detected compounds in the wet-deposition samples were dacthal, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and simazine (greater than 90 percent). The median wet-deposition amounts for these compounds were 0.044 micrograms per square meter per day (μg/m2/day), 0.209 μg/m2/day, 0.079 μg/m2/day, and 0.172 μg/m2/day, respectively. For the dry-deposition samples, detection frequencies were greater than 73 percent for the compounds dacthal, metolachor, and chlorpyrifos, and median deposition amounts were an order of magnitude less than for wet deposition. The differences between wet deposition and dry deposition appeared to be closely related to the Henry’s Law (H) constant of each compound, although the mass deposited by dry deposition takes place over a much longer time frame.\n\nPesticides detected in rainfall usually were detected in the aqueous phase of the soil-box runoff water, and the runoff concentrations were generally similar to those in the rainfall. For compounds detected in the aqueous phase and suspended-sediment samples of soil-box runoff, concentrations of pesticides in the aqueous phase generally were detected in low concentrations and had few corresponding detections in the suspended- sediment samples. Dacthal, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and simazine were the most frequently detected pesticides (greater than 83 percent) in the aqueous-phase samples, with median concentrations of 0.010 μg/L, 0.045 μg/L, 0.016 μg/L, and 0.077 μg/L, respectively. Simazine was the most frequently detected compound in the suspended-sediment samples (69 percent), with a median concentration of 0.232 μg/L.\n\nResults for compounds detected in the surficial-soil samples collected throughout the study period showed that there was an increase in concentration for some compounds, indicating atmospheric deposition of these compounds onto the soil-box surface. In the San Joaquin Valley, the compounds chlorpyrifos, dacthal, and iprodione were detected at higher concentrations (between 1.4 and 2 times greater) than were found in the background samples collected from the San Joaquin Valley soil-box sites. In the Sacramento Valley, the compounds chlorpyrifos, dacthal, iprodione, parathionmethyl, and its oxygen analog, paraoxon-methyl, were detected in samples collected during the study period in low concentrations, but were not detected in the background concentration of the Sacramento Valley soil mix.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135023","usgsCitation":"Zamora, C., Majewski, M.S., and Foreman, W., 2013, Methods, quality assurance, and data for assessing atmospheric deposition of pesticides in the Central Valley of California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5023, xi, 180 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135023.","productDescription":"xi, 180 p.","numberOfPages":"195","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135023.jpg"},{"id":270843,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5023/pdf/sir20135023.pdf"},{"id":270842,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5023/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.78,35.0 ], [ -122.78,40.74 ], [ -118.8,40.74 ], [ -118.8,35.0 ], [ -122.78,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5167cd5be4b0ec0efb666ee9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zamora, Celia 0000-0003-1456-4360 czamora@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1456-4360","contributorId":1514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamora","given":"Celia","email":"czamora@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Majewski, Michael S. majewski@usgs.gov","contributorId":440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majewski","given":"Michael","email":"majewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foreman, William T. wforeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T.","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045372,"text":"sir20135019 - 2013 - Ambient conditions and fate and transport simulations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, 2006--10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-11T15:17:58","indexId":"sir20135019","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5019","title":"Ambient conditions and fate and transport simulations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, 2006--10","docAbstract":"Beaver Lake is a large, deep-storage reservoir located in the upper White River Basin in northwestern Arkansas, and was completed in 1963 for the purposes of flood control, hydroelectric power, and water supply. Beaver Lake is affected by point and nonpoint sources of minerals, nutrients, and sediments. The City of Fayetteville discharges about half of its sewage effluent into the White River immediately upstream from the backwater of the reservoir. The City of West Fork discharges its sewage effluent into the West Fork of the White River, and the City of Huntsville discharges its sewage effluent into a tributary of War Eagle Creek.\n\nA study was conducted to describe the ambient conditions and fate and transport of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate concentrations in Beaver Lake. Dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate are components of wastewater discharged into Beaver Lake and a major concern of the drinking water utilities that use Beaver Lake as their source. A two-dimensional model of hydrodynamics and water quality was calibrated to include simulations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate for the period January 2006 through December 2010. Estimated daily dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate loads were increased in the White River and War Eagle Creek tributaries, individually and the two tributaries together, by 1.2, 1.5, 2.0, 5.0, and 10.0 times the baseline conditions to examine fate and transport of these constituents through time at seven locations (segments) in the reservoir, from upstream to downstream in Beaver Lake.\n\nFifteen dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate fate and transport scenarios were compared to the baseline simulation at each of the seven downstream locations in the reservoir, both 2 meters (m) below the surface and 2 m above the bottom. Concentrations were greater in the reservoir at model segments closer to where the tributaries entered the reservoir. Concentrations resulting from the increase in loading became more diluted farther downstream from the source. Differences in concentrations between the baseline condition and the 1.2, 1.5, and 2.0 times baseline concentration scenarios were smaller than the differences in the 5.0 and 10.0 times baseline concentration scenarios. The results for both the 2 m below the surface and 2 m above the bottom were similar, with the exception of concentrations resulting from the increased loading factors (5.0 and 10.0 times), where concentrations 2 m above the bottom were consistently greater than those 2 m below the surface at most segments.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Fayetteville, Arkansas, and Beaver Water District","usgsCitation":"Green, W.R., 2013, Ambient conditions and fate and transport simulations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, 2006--10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5019, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135019.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"59","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135019.gif"},{"id":270839,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5019/"},{"id":270840,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5019/pdf/SIR2013-5019.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Beaver Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.25,35.75 ], [ -94.25,36.5 ], [ -93.25,36.5 ], [ -93.25,35.75 ], [ -94.25,35.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5167cd58e4b0ec0efb666ed9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045365,"text":"sim3254 - 2013 - California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Ventura, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T21:04:23.508233","indexId":"sim3254","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3254","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Ventura, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology.\n\nThe Offshore of Ventura map area lies within the Santa Barbara Channel region of the Southern California Bight. This geologically complex region forms a major biogeographic transition zone, separating the cold-temperate Oregonian province north of Point Conception from the warm-temperate California province to the south. The map area is in the Ventura Basin, in the southern part of the Western Transverse Ranges geologic province, which is north of the California Continental Borderland. Significant clockwise rotation—at least 90°—since the early Miocene has been proposed for the Western Transverse Ranges, and the region is presently undergoing north-south shortening.\n\nThe city of Ventura is the major cultural center in the map area. The Ventura River cuts through Ventura, draining the Santa Ynez Mountains and the coastal hills north of Ventura. Northwest of Ventura, the coastal zone is a narrow strip containing highway and railway transportation corridors and a few small residential clusters. Rincon Island, an island constructed for oil and gas production, lies offshore of Punta Gorda. Southeast of Ventura, the coastal zone consists of the mouth and broad, alluvial plains of the Santa Clara River, and the region is characterized by urban and agricultural development. Ventura Harbor sits just north of the mouth of the Santa Clara River, in an area formerly occupied by lagoons and marshes.\n\nThe Offshore of Ventura map area lies in the eastern part of the Santa Barbara littoral cell, whose littoral drift is to the east-southeast. Drift rates of about 700,000 to 1,150,000 tons/yr have been reported at Ventura Harbor. At the east end of the littoral cell, eastward-moving sediment is trapped by Hueneme and Mugu Canyons and then transported into the deep-water Santa Monica Basin. The largest sediment source to this littoral cell (and the largest in all of southern California) is the Santa Clara River, which has an estimated annual sediment flux of 3.1 million tons. In addition, the Ventura River yields about 270,000 tons of sediment annually. Despite the large local sediment supply, coastal erosion problems are ongoing in the map area. Riprap, revetments, and seawalls variably protect the coast within and north of Ventura.\n\nThe offshore part of the map area mainly consists of relatively flat, shallow continental shelf, which dips so gently (about 0.2° to 0.4°) that water depths at the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters are just 20 to 40 m. This part of the Santa Barbara Channel is relatively well protected from large Pacific swells from the north and west by Point Conception and the Channel Islands; long-period swells affecting the area are mainly from the south-southwest. Fair-weather wave base is typically shallower than 20-m water depth, but winter storms are capable of resuspending fine-grained sediments in 30 m of water, and so shelf sediments in the map area probably are remobilized on an annual basis. The shelf is underlain by tens of meters of interbedded upper Quaternary shelf, estuarine, and fluvial sediments deposited as sea level fluctuated up and down in the last several hundred thousand years.\n\nSeafloor habitats in the broad Santa Barbara Channel region consist of significant amounts of soft sediment and isolated areas of rocky habitat that support kelp-forest communities nearshore and rocky-reef communities in deep water. The potential marine benthic habitat types mapped in the Offshore of Ventura map area are directly related to its Quaternary geologic history, geomorphology, and active sedimentary processes. These potential habitats lie within the Shelf (continental shelf) megahabitat, dominated by a flat seafloor and substrates formed from deposition of fluvial and marine sediment during sea-level rise. This flat, fairly homogeneous seafloor, composed primarily of unconsolidated sand and mud and local deposits of gravel, cobbles, and pebbles, provides promising habitat for groundfish, crabs, shrimp, and other marine benthic organisms. The only significant interruptions to this homogeneous habitat type are exposures of hard, irregular sedimentary bedrock and coarse-grained sediment where potential habitats for rockfish and related species exist.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3254","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Cochrane, G.R., Golden, N., Phillips, E., Ritchie, A.C., Kvitek, R.G., Greene, H., Krigsman, L., Endris, C.A., Seitz, G., Gutierrez, C.I., Sliter, R.W., Erdey, M.D., Wong, F.L., Yoklavich, M.M., Draut, A.E., and Hart, P.E., 2013, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Ventura, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3254, Report: iv, 42 p.; 11 Sheets: 53.00 × 36.00 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3254.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 42 p.; 11 Sheets: 53.00 × 36.00 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data 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The need to measure fluvial sediment has led to the development of sediment surrogate technologies, particularly in locations where streamflow alone is not a good estimator of sediment load because of regulated flow, load hysteresis, episodic sediment sources, and non-equilibrium sediment transport. An effective surrogate technology is low maintenance and sturdy over a range of hydrologic conditions, and measured variables can be modeled to estimate suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), load, and duration of elevated levels on a real-time basis. Among the most promising techniques is the measurement of acoustic backscatter strength using acoustic Doppler velocity meters (ADVMs) deployed in rivers. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District, evaluated the use of acoustic backscatter, turbidity, laser diffraction, and streamflow as surrogates for estimating real-time SSC and loads in the Clearwater and Snake Rivers, which adjoin in Lewiston, Idaho, and flow into Lower Granite Reservoir. The study was conducted from May 2008 to September 2010 and is part of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Lower Snake River Programmatic Sediment Management Plan to identify and manage sediment sources in basins draining into lower Snake River reservoirs.\n\nCommercially available acoustic instruments have shown great promise in sediment surrogate studies because they require little maintenance and measure profiles of the surrogate parameter across a sampling volume rather than at a single point. The strength of acoustic backscatter theoretically increases as more particles are suspended in the water to reflect the acoustic pulse emitted by the ADVM. ADVMs of different frequencies (0.5, 1.5, and 3 Megahertz) were tested to target various sediment grain sizes. Laser diffraction and turbidity also were tested as surrogate technologies. Models between SSC and surrogate variables were developed using ordinary least-squares regression. Acoustic backscatter using the high frequency ADVM at each site was the best predictor of sediment, explaining 93 and 92 percent of the variability in SSC and matching sediment sample data within +8.6 and +10 percent, on average, at the Clearwater River and Snake River study sites, respectively. Additional surrogate models were developed to estimate sand and fines fractions of suspended sediment based on acoustic backscatter. Acoustic backscatter generally appears to be a better estimator of suspended sediment concentration and load over short (storm event and monthly) and long (annual) time scales than transport curves derived solely from the regression of conventional sediment measurements and streamflow. Changing grain sizes, the presence of organic matter, and aggregation of sediments in the river likely introduce some variability in the model between acoustic backscatter and SSC.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Wood, M.S., and Teasdale, G.N., 2013, Use of surrogate technologies to estimate suspended sediment in the Clearwater River, Idaho, and Snake River, Washington, 2008-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5052, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135052.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"40","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270796,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5052/"},{"id":270797,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5052/pdf/sir20135052.pdf"},{"id":270798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135052.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Clearwater River;Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,42.0 ], [ -124.8,49.0 ], [ -111.0,49.0 ], [ -111.0,42.0 ], [ -124.8,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51667bdae4b0bba30b388bae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Molly S. 0000-0002-5184-8306 mswood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5184-8306","contributorId":788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Molly","email":"mswood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teasdale, Gregg N.","contributorId":77440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teasdale","given":"Gregg","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70044978,"text":"70044978 - 2013 - Avian influenza in shorebirds: experimental infection of ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres) with avian influenza virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-03T14:41:36","indexId":"70044978","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1990,"text":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian influenza in shorebirds: experimental infection of ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres) with avian influenza virus","docAbstract":"Background: Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) have been reported in shorebirds, especially at Delaware Bay, USA, during spring migration. However, data on patterns of virus excretion, minimal infectious doses, and clinical outcome are lacking. The ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres) is the shorebird species with the highest prevalence of influenza virus at Delaware Bay.\n\nObjectives: The primary objective of this study was to experimentally assess the patterns of influenza virus excretion, minimal infectious doses, and clinical outcome in ruddy turnstones.\n\nMethods: We experimentally challenged ruddy turnstones using a common LPAIV shorebird isolate, an LPAIV waterfowl isolate, or a highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus. Cloacal and oral swabs and sera were analyzed from each bird.\n\nResults: Most ruddy turnstones had pre-existing antibodies to avian influenza virus, and many were infected at the time of capture. The infectious doses for each challenge virus were similar (103·6–104·16 EID50), regardless of exposure history. All infected birds excreted similar amounts of virus and showed no clinical signs of disease or mortality. Influenza A-specific antibodies remained detectable for at least 2 months after inoculation.\n\nConclusions: These results provide a reference for interpretation of surveillance data, modeling, and predicting the risks of avian influenza transmission and movement in these important hosts.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00358.x","usgsCitation":"Hall, J.S., Krauss, S., Franson, J., TeSlaa, J.L., Nashold, S.W., Stallknecht, D.E., Webby, R., and Webster, R.G., 2013, Avian influenza in shorebirds: experimental infection of ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres) with avian influenza virus: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, v. 7, no. 1, p. 85-92, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00358.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"92","ipdsId":"IP-029445","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3402585","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270800,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270799,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00358.x"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51667bd8e4b0bba30b388ba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5599-2826 jshall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-2826","contributorId":2254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krauss, Scott","contributorId":43250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":95002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"TeSlaa, Joshua L. 0000-0001-7802-3454 jteslaa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-3454","contributorId":46813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"TeSlaa","given":"Joshua","email":"jteslaa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nashold, Sean W. 0000-0002-8869-6633 snashold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-6633","contributorId":3611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nashold","given":"Sean","email":"snashold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stallknecht, David E.","contributorId":20230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallknecht","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Webby, Richard J.","contributorId":80156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webby","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Webster, Robert G.","contributorId":11089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70045353,"text":"sir20135031 - 2013 - Emergent sandbar dynamics in the lower Platte River in eastern Nebraska: methods and results of pilot study, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T12:22:23","indexId":"sir20135031","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5031","title":"Emergent sandbar dynamics in the lower Platte River in eastern Nebraska: methods and results of pilot study, 2011","docAbstract":"The lower Platte River corridor provides important habitats for two State- and federally listed bird species: the interior least tern (terns; Sternula antillarum athallassos) and the piping plover (plovers; Charadrius melodus). However, many of the natural morphological and hydrological characteristics of the Platte River have been altered substantially by water development, channelization, hydropower operations, and invasive vegetation encroachment, which have decreased the abundance of high-quality nesting and foraging habitat for terns and plovers. The lower Platte River (LPR), defined as 103 miles (mi) of the Platte River between its confluence with the Loup River and its confluence with the Missouri River, has narrowed since the late-19th and early-20th centuries, yet it partially retains many geomorphologic and hydrologic characteristics important to terns and plovers. These birds nest on the sandbars in the river and along shorelines at sand- and gravel-pit lakes in the adjacent valley. The need to balance continued economic, infrastructure, and resource development with the conservation of important physical and aquatic habitat resources requires increased understanding of the physical and biological dynamics of the lower Platte River. Spatially and temporally rich datasets for emergent sandbar habitats are necessary to quantify emergent sandbar dynamics relative to hypothesized controls and stressors. In cooperation with the Lower Platte South Natural Resources District, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a pilot study of emergent sandbar dynamics along a 22-mi segment of the LPR downstream from its confluence with Salt Creek, near Ashland, Nebraska. The purposes of the study were to: (1) develop methods to rapidly assess sandbar geometries and locations in a wide, sand-bed river, and (2) apply and validate the method to assess emergent sandbar dynamics over three seasons in 2011. An examination of the height of sandbars relative to the local stage of the formative discharge event, and how subsequent river discharges, of both high and low magnitude, alter sandbar geometries and abundance within the LPR was of particular interest. A “rapid-assessment” method was developed with the goal of characterizing the spatial distribution and habitat-relevant geometries of the complete population of sandbars along the study segment. Three primary measures were used to assess emergent sandbar dynamics in the study segment: sandbar area, sandbar height, and sandbar location. Data to derive these measures were collected during three, week-long survey periods in 2011, herein named “spring survey period,” “summer survey period,” and “fall survey period.” Emergent sandbars were grouped into one of three generalized types: (1) bank-attached, (2) island-attached, and (3) mid-channel.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lower Platte South Natural Resources District","usgsCitation":"Alexander, J.S., Schultze, D.M., and Zelt, R.B., 2013, Emergent sandbar dynamics in the lower Platte River in eastern Nebraska: methods and results of pilot study, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5031, vi, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135031.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-043639","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270773,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135031.gif"},{"id":270771,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5031/"},{"id":270772,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5031/sir13_5031.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 15","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Cass;Sarpy;Saunders","otherGeospatial":"Platte River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.416667,40.966667 ], [ -96.416667,41.166667 ], [ -95.916667,41.166667 ], [ -95.916667,40.966667 ], [ -96.416667,40.966667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51667bd9e4b0bba30b388baa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, Jason S. 0000-0002-1602-482X jalexand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1602-482X","contributorId":2802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Jason","email":"jalexand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schultze, Devin M.","contributorId":90191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultze","given":"Devin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zelt, Ronald B. 0000-0001-9024-855X rbzelt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-855X","contributorId":300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"Ronald","email":"rbzelt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048497,"text":"70048497 - 2013 - Adaptive management of flows from dams: a win-win framework for water users","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-19T10:01:04","indexId":"70048497","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-09T08:42:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Adaptive management of flows from dams: a win-win framework for water users","docAbstract":"Alabama is blessed with more than 77,000 miles of rivers and streams that carve through the terrestrial landscape of the state. When you think about it, every road you drive on crosses a river and many of our major cities are located on the bank of a river. In fact, Alabama's capital cities - Cahawba (Dallas County; 1820-1826), Tuscaloosa (Tuscaloosa County; 1826-1846), and Montgomery County; 1846-present) - were all located on major rivers. It is estimated by the U.S. Geological Survey that 10 percent of the freshwater resources in the continental United States flows through Alabama. When you look at a map of its hydrology, the state is blue!","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Auburn Speaks: On Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Auburn University","usgsCitation":"Irwin, E.R., 2013, Adaptive management of flows from dams: a win-win framework for water users, chap. of Auburn Speaks: On Water, p. 264-271.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"271","ipdsId":"IP-043022","costCenters":[{"id":104,"text":"Alabama Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":284201,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.auburnspeaks.org/on-water/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.4732,30.1941 ], [ -88.4732,35.0079 ], [ -84.8882,35.0079 ], [ -84.8882,30.1941 ], [ -88.4732,30.1941 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4b2ce4b0b290850f034e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, Elise R. 0000-0002-6866-4976 eirwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-4976","contributorId":2588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Elise","email":"eirwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045332,"text":"70045332 - 2013 - Association of toxin-producing Clostridium botulinum with the macroalga Cladophora in the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T16:39:16","indexId":"70045332","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Association of toxin-producing Clostridium botulinum with the macroalga Cladophora in the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Avian botulism, a paralytic disease of birds, often occurs on a yearly cycle and is increasingly becoming more common in the Great Lakes. Outbreaks are caused by bird ingestion of neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum, a spore-forming, gram-positive, anaerobe. The nuisance, macrophytic, green alga Cladophora (Chlorophyta; mostly Cladophora glomerata L.) is a potential habitat for the growth of C. botulinum. A high incidence of botulism in shoreline birds at Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (SLBE) in Lake Michigan coincides with increasingly massive accumulations of Cladophora in nearshore waters. In this study, free-floating algal mats were collected from SLBE and other shorelines of the Great Lakes between June and October 2011. The abundance of C. botulinum in algal mats was quantified and the type of botulism neurotoxin (bont) genes associated with this organism were determined by using most-probable-number PCR (MPN-PCR) and five distinct bont gene-specific primers (A, B, C, E, and F). The MPN-PCR results showed that 16 of 22 (73%) algal mats from the SLBE and 23 of 31(74%) algal mats from other shorelines of the Great Lakes contained the bont type E (bont/E) gene. C. botulinum was present up to 15 000 MPN per gram dried algae based on gene copies of bont/E. In addition, genes for bont/A and bont/B, which are commonly associated with human diseases, were detected in a few algal samples. Moreover, C. botulinum was present as vegetative cells rather than as dormant spores in Cladophora mats. Mouse toxin assays done using supernatants from enrichment of Cladophora containing high densities of C. botulinum (>1000 MPN/g dried algae) showed that Cladophora-borne C. botulinum were toxin-producing species (BoNT/E). Our results indicate that Cladophora provides a habitat for C. botulinum, warranting additional studies to better understand the relationship between this bacterium and the alga, and how this interaction potentially contributes to botulism outbreaks in birds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es304743m","usgsCitation":"Chun, C.L., Ochsner, U., Byappanahalli, M., Whitman, R.L., Tepp, W.H., Lin, G., Johnson, E.A., Peller, J., and Sadowsky, M.J., 2013, Association of toxin-producing Clostridium botulinum with the macroalga Cladophora in the Great Lakes: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 6, p. 2587-2594, https://doi.org/10.1021/es304743m.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2587","endPage":"2594","ipdsId":"IP-044293","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270732,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es304743m"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.77,40.84 ], [ -92.77,49.3 ], [ -75.2,49.3 ], [ -75.2,40.84 ], [ -92.77,40.84 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"47","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51652a5be4b077fa94dadf3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chun, Chan Lan","contributorId":43251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chun","given":"Chan","email":"","middleInitial":"Lan","affiliations":[{"id":12644,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ochsner, Urs","contributorId":38038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ochsner","given":"Urs","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.","contributorId":47335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"Muruleedhara N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tepp, William H.","contributorId":10308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tepp","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lin, Guangyun","contributorId":106774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Guangyun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, Eric A.","contributorId":80158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Peller, Julie","contributorId":67386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peller","given":"Julie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sadowsky, Michael J.","contributorId":34003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sadowsky","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12644,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70045326,"text":"fs20133016 - 2013 - Effects of past and future groundwater development on the hydrologic system of Verde Valley, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-05T16:27:58.933555","indexId":"fs20133016","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3016","title":"Effects of past and future groundwater development on the hydrologic system of Verde Valley, Arizona","docAbstract":"Communities in central Arizona’s Verde Valley must manage limited water supplies in the face of rapidly growing populations. Developing groundwater resources to meet human needs has raised questions about the effects of groundwater withdrawals by pumping on the area’s rivers and streams, particularly the Verde River. U.S. Geological Survey hydrologists used a regional groundwater flow model to simulate the effects of groundwater pumping on streamflow in the Verde River. The study found that streamflow in the Verde River between 1910 and 2005 had been reduced as the result of streamflow depletion by groundwater pumping, also known as capture. Additionally, using three hypothetical scenarios for a period from 2005 to 2110, the study’s findings suggest that streamflow reductions will continue and may increase in the future.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133016","usgsCitation":"Garner, B.D., and Pool, D.R., 2013, Effects of past and future groundwater development on the hydrologic system of Verde Valley, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3016, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133016.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270714,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3016/fs2013-3016.pdf"},{"id":270713,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3016/"},{"id":270715,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133016.gif"},{"id":505100,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98375.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal transverse mercator, Zone 12","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Dry Creek, Oak Creek, Verde River, Verde Valley, West Clear Creek, Wet Beaver Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.081146,34.565383 ], [ -112.081146,35.145740 ], [ -111.277771,35.145740 ], [ -111.277771,34.565383 ], [ -112.081146,34.565383 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51652a5ee4b077fa94dadf47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garner, Bradley D. 0000-0002-6912-5093 bdgarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-5093","contributorId":2133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"Bradley","email":"bdgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pool, D. R.","contributorId":75581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pool","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045327,"text":"sir20135029 - 2013 - Human effects on the hydrologic system of the Verde Valley, central Arizona, 1910–2005 and 2005–2110, using a regional groundwater flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:28:22","indexId":"sir20135029","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5029","title":"Human effects on the hydrologic system of the Verde Valley, central Arizona, 1910–2005 and 2005–2110, using a regional groundwater flow model","docAbstract":"Water budgets were developed for the Verde Valley of central Arizona in order to evaluate the degree to which human stresses have affected the hydrologic system and might affect it in the future. The Verde Valley is a portion of central Arizona wherein concerns have been raised about water availability, particularly perennial base flow of the Verde River. The Northern Arizona Regional Groundwater Flow Model (NARGFM) was used to generate the water budgets and was run in several configurations for the 1910–2005 and 2005–2110 time periods. The resultant water budgets were subtracted from one another in order to quantify the relative changes that were attributable solely to human stresses; human stresses included groundwater withdrawals and incidental and artificial recharge but did not include, for example, human effects on the global climate. Three hypothetical and varied conditions of human stresses were developed and applied to the model for the 2005–2110 period. On the basis of this analysis, human stresses during 1910–2005 were found to have already affected the hydrologic system of the Verde Valley, and human stresses will continue to affect the hydrologic system during 2005–2110. Riparian evapotranspiration decreased and underflow into the Verde Valley increased because of human stresses, and net groundwater discharge to the Verde River in the Verde Valley decreased for the 1910–2005 model runs. The model also showed that base flow at the upstream end of the study area, as of 2005, was about 4,900 acre-feet per year less than it would have been in the absence of human stresses. At the downstream end of the Verde Valley, base flow had been reduced by about 10,000 acre-feet per year by the year 2005 because of human stresses. For the 2005–2110 period, the model showed that base flow at the downstream end of the Verde Valley may decrease by an additional 5,400 to 8,600 acre-feet per year because of past, ongoing, and hypothetical future human stresses. The process known as capture (or streamflow depletion caused by the pumping of groundwater) was the reason for these human-stress-induced changes in water-budget components.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Verde River Basin Partnership and the Town of Clarkdale","usgsCitation":"Garner, B.D., Pool, D.R., Tillman, F., and Forbes, B., 2013, Human effects on the hydrologic system of the Verde Valley, central Arizona, 1910–2005 and 2005–2110, using a regional groundwater flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5029, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135029.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135029.gif"},{"id":270716,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5029/"},{"id":270717,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5029/sir2013-5029.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Verde Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,31.33 ], [ -114.82,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,31.33 ], [ -114.82,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f314e4b0bc0bec0a077b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garner, Bradley D. 0000-0002-6912-5093 bdgarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-5093","contributorId":2133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"Bradley","email":"bdgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pool, D. R.","contributorId":75581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pool","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillman, Fred D. 0000-0002-2922-402X ftillman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-402X","contributorId":1629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"Fred D.","email":"ftillman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Forbes, Brandon T. bforbes@usgs.gov","contributorId":4625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forbes","given":"Brandon T.","email":"bforbes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70045287,"text":"sir20135064 - 2013 - Pesticides in Wyoming Groundwater, 2008-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T08:28:36","indexId":"sir20135064","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5064","title":"Pesticides in Wyoming Groundwater, 2008-10","docAbstract":"Groundwater samples were collected from 296 wells during 1995-2006 as part of a baseline study of pesticides in Wyoming groundwater. In 2009, a previous report summarized the results of the baseline sampling and the statistical evaluation of the occurrence of pesticides in relation to selected natural and anthropogenic (human-related) characteristics. During 2008-10, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wyoming Department of Agriculture, resampled a subset (52) of the 296 wells sampled during 1995-2006 baseline study in order to compare detected compounds and respective concentrations between the two sampling periods and to evaluate the detections of new compounds. The 52 wells were distributed similarly to sites used in the 1995-2006 baseline study with respect to geographic area and land use within the geographic area of interest. Because of the use of different types of reporting levels and variability in reporting-level values during both the 1995-2006 baseline study and the 2008-10 resampling study, analytical results received from the laboratory were recensored. Two levels of recensoring were used to compare pesticides—a compound-specific assessment level (CSAL) that differed by compound and a common assessment level (CAL) of 0.07 microgram per liter. The recensoring techniques and values used for both studies, with the exception of the pesticide 2,4-D methyl ester, were the same. Twenty-eight different pesticides were detected in samples from the 52 wells during the 2008-10 resampling study. Pesticide concentrations were compared with several U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standards or health advisories for finished (treated) water established under the Safe Drinking Water Act. All detected pesticides were measured at concentrations smaller than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standards or health advisories where applicable (many pesticides did not have standards or advisories). One or more pesticides were detected at concentrations greater than the CAL in water from 16 of 52 wells sampled (about 31 percent) during the resampling study. Detected pesticides were classified into one of six types: herbicides, herbicide degradates, insecticides, insecticide degradates, fungicides, or fungicide degradates. At least 95 percent of detected pesticides were classified as herbicides or herbicide degradates. The number of different pesticides detected in samples from the 52 wells was similar between the 1995-2006 baseline study (30 different pesticides) and 2008-2010 resampling study (28 different pesticides). Thirteen pesticides were detected during both studies. The change in the number of pesticides detected (without regard to which pesticide was detected) in groundwater samples from each of the 52 wells was evaluated and the number of pesticides detected in groundwater did not change for most of the wells (32). Of those that did have a difference between the two studies, 17 wells had more pesticide detections in groundwater during the 1995-2006 baseline study, whereas only 3 wells had more detections during the 2008-2010 resampling study. The difference in pesticide concentrations in groundwater samples from each of the 52 wells was determined. Few changes in concentration between the 1995-2006 baseline study and the 2008-2010 resampling study were seen for most detected pesticides. Seven pesticides had a greater concentration detected in the groundwater from the same well during the baseline sampling compared to the resampling study. Concentrations of prometon, which was detected in 17 wells, were greater in the baseline study sample compared to the resampling study sample from the same well 100 percent of the time. The change in the number of pesticides detected (without regard to which pesticide was detected) in groundwater samples from each of the 52 wells with respect to land use and geographic area was calculated. All wells with land use classified as agricultural had the same or a smaller number of pesticides detected in the resampling study compared to the baseline study. All wells in the Bighorn Basin geographic area also had the same or a smaller number of pesticides detected in the resampling study compared to the baseline study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wyoming Department of Agriculture on behalf of the Wyoming Ground-water and Pesticides Strategy Committee","usgsCitation":"Eddy-Miller, C., Bartos, T.T., and Taylor, M.L., 2013, Pesticides in Wyoming Groundwater, 2008-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5064, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135064.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"56","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135064.gif"},{"id":270658,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5064/"},{"id":270659,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5064/sir2013-5064.pdf"}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal-area Conic","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0278,40.9799 ], [ -111.0278,44.9803 ], [ -104.0295,44.9803 ], [ -104.0295,40.9799 ], [ -111.0278,40.9799 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5163d8dae4b0b7010f820139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.","contributorId":86755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddy-Miller","given":"Cheryl A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartos, Timothy T. 0000-0003-1803-4375 ttbartos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1803-4375","contributorId":1826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartos","given":"Timothy","email":"ttbartos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Michelle L.","contributorId":35206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}