Note: This paper is dedicated to Aaron and Elizabeth Waters on the occasion of Dr. Waters' retirement.
Ironside Mountain is a 6- by 10-km block of folded rhyolite, andesite, and basalt flows of the Strawberry Volcanics bounded by a horse-shoe-shaped reverse fault and surrounded by Mesozoic rocks. The toe of the horseshoe points northeast; the fault dips outward at angles of 45° to 90°, has a minimum displacement of 600 m at the toe, and dies out or is buried at the open southwest end. Flows are folded to vertical in a crosswise anticline at the northeast end, and in a synclinal structure along the southwest edge. Local unconformities and thickening of flows in a small basin show that some deformation accompanied volcanism, which has been dated as late Miocene and early Pliocene. No centers of eruption have been identified within the Horseshoe fault.
The Ironside Mountain block seems to be a unique expression of cross folding in the region. The northwest-striking Mine Ridge–Ironside anticline follows the main regional trend, and is faulted where two large down-warps strike into it from the northeast. The Ironside Mountain structure is interpreted as being a transverse compressional feature in which opposing reverse faults took the place of anticlinal folding, directly on strike with a syncline to the northeast. A horst of pre-Tertiary rocks, which has been raised at least 600 m, crosses the axes of the abutting structures; the nose of the Horseshoe fault bounds one side of it, and a range-border fault bounds the other. Cross faults, of which we found only one, are believed to have facilitated arching and longitudinal shortening within the horst.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<489:IMOALT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Thayer, T.P., and Brown, C., 1973, Ironside Mountain, Oregon: A late Tertiary volcanic and structural enigma: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, no. 2, p. 489-498, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<489:IMOALT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"498","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414787,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Ironside Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.18160932935716,\n 44.233631068491576\n ],\n [\n -118.18302639199901,\n 44.22900445430088\n ],\n [\n -118.19989722330686,\n 44.21621129767192\n ],\n [\n -118.19715080890794,\n 44.212133773514864\n ],\n [\n -118.18341873691341,\n 44.20313410045384\n ],\n [\n -118.17439480388823,\n 44.19736796229702\n ],\n [\n -118.15497373063829,\n 44.19511760896091\n ],\n [\n -118.14928472938327,\n 44.20060269465583\n ],\n [\n -118.1477153497268,\n 44.20833720412668\n ],\n [\n -118.13888758915886,\n 44.21339924226024\n ],\n [\n -118.12044737819454,\n 44.22310026591748\n ],\n [\n -118.09882455247461,\n 44.22899247783127\n ],\n [\n -118.08156137625272,\n 44.23573939793468\n ],\n [\n -118.06214030300275,\n 44.242626081049764\n ],\n [\n -118.05331254243481,\n 44.24740412216994\n ],\n [\n -118.04703502380856,\n 44.253305872455\n ],\n [\n -118.03232208952876,\n 44.26173591698992\n ],\n [\n -118.03016419250069,\n 44.277468766444144\n ],\n [\n -118.03781491832659,\n 44.30344683915166\n ],\n [\n -118.05645130174813,\n 44.30442956764213\n ],\n [\n -118.07920730676781,\n 44.306535359012685\n ],\n [\n -118.09117382664908,\n 44.30330644802419\n ],\n [\n -118.09764751773224,\n 44.29825214384144\n ],\n [\n -118.11314514184045,\n 44.291371975096325\n ],\n [\n -118.11432217658289,\n 44.288282657535945\n ],\n [\n -118.12138438503754,\n 44.28238441824578\n ],\n [\n -118.12805424857783,\n 44.28238441824578\n ],\n [\n -118.13060449051954,\n 44.27718785963401\n ],\n [\n -118.13492028457529,\n 44.27578330543784\n ],\n [\n -118.13766669897421,\n 44.27185037508181\n ],\n [\n -118.14198249302959,\n 44.2707266323504\n ],\n [\n -118.15689159976657,\n 44.26145493497711\n ],\n [\n -118.17847057004421,\n 44.24318822367795\n ],\n [\n -118.18160932935716,\n 44.233631068491576\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thayer, T. P.","contributorId":64629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thayer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, C. Ervin","contributorId":58616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C. Ervin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70241800,"text":"70241800 - 1973 - Petrology of Newberry Volcano, central Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-27T19:48:30.379078","indexId":"70241800","displayToPublicDate":"1973-02-01T14:39:12","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology of Newberry Volcano, central Oregon","docAbstract":"Note: This paper is dedicated to Aaron and Elizabeth Waters on the occasion of Dr. Waters' retirement.
The eastern flank of the central and southern Cascade Mountains is bordered by a belt of shield volcanoes that appears to be a subprovince of the Oregon high-alumina plateau basalt petrologic province. Most of the volcanoes in this belt are low shields in which differentiation from the parent high-alumina basalt magma has been relatively slight, but several are large complex shield centers where differentiation has been extreme. The location of these large centers, and of some of the smaller volcanoes as well, was largely determined by intersecting concentrations of faults and fault-fissures of three regional fault systems.
One of the largest of the complex volcanic centers is Newberry Volcano in central Oregon, a shield volcano with a big caldera at its summit. The stratigraphy of the caldera walls and of features on the caldera floor at Newberry allows detailed interpretation of the history of the younger parts of the volcano and caldera. The formation of Newberry Caldera was apparently a slow process controlled largely by faulting along the three regional fault systems. The magma conduits were probably a gridlike plexus of intersecting dikes and fissures, with larger “magma pockets” at the grid intersections. The magma was trapped in shallow chambers and periodically released by faulting. The entrapment of the magma allowed differentiation in the shallow chambers.
The stratigraphy and petrology of the wall sequence also allows determination of the relative time at which the caldera had grown large enough to hold a caldera lake.
On differentiation plots, chemical analyses of the Newberry rocks show two trends: rocks erupted before the presence of a lake in the caldera trend toward slight iron enrichment, whereas rocks erupted after water was present in the caldera generally trend toward alkali enrichment. These different trends are attributed to differences in the oxygen fugacity of the magma which, in turn, are related to the presence or absence of large volumes of water in the caldera lake. The interpretation is supported by field, petrographic, petrologic, chemical, trace-element, and isotopic data. Plots of existing data for the Medicine Lake Highland Volcano, another large complex shield center in the belt, show the same type of two-trend relation as those of Newberry Volcano.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<455:PONVCO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Higgins, M.W., 1973, Petrology of Newberry Volcano, central Oregon: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, no. 2, p. 455-487, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<455:PONVCO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"455","endPage":"487","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414786,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Newberry Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.31542595924863,\n 43.671896153864395\n ],\n [\n -121.24807825316685,\n 43.65385159170725\n ],\n [\n -121.15578695224004,\n 43.682118998227196\n ],\n [\n -121.12336027894165,\n 43.7061658794388\n ],\n [\n -121.14082079533293,\n 43.7518283877308\n ],\n [\n -121.16992165598549,\n 43.787252910984904\n ],\n [\n -121.25639278478187,\n 43.80225697343542\n ],\n [\n -121.2979654428569,\n 43.780649930066716\n ],\n [\n -121.32290903770196,\n 43.72058937968043\n ],\n [\n -121.31542595924863,\n 43.671896153864395\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higgins, Michael W.","contributorId":12459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70241704,"text":"70241704 - 1973 - Geochronology of Precambrian rocks of the Teton Range, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T17:35:46.661924","indexId":"70241704","displayToPublicDate":"1973-02-01T12:15:58","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochronology of Precambrian rocks of the Teton Range, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Note: This paper is dedicated to Aaron and Elizabeth Waters on the occasion of Dr. Waters' retirement.
The oldest rocks in the Teton Range are complexly deformed interlayered biotite gneiss, plagioclase gneiss, amphibole gneiss, and amphibolite. Also, within these rocks, there are concordant bodies of strongly lineated quartz monzonite gneiss, here named the Webb Canyon Gneiss, which may be of volcanic origin. Coarse metagabbro, here named the Rendezvous Metagabbro, is intrusive into the layered gneiss sequence and was metamorphosed and deformed along with the enclosing rocks.
These older rocks are cut by discordant plutons and swarms of undeformed dikes of quartz monzonite and associated pegmatite. The quartz monzonite, which makes up much of the central part of the Teton Range, is here named the Mount Owen Quartz Monzonite.
The youngest Precambrian rocks are undeformed dikes of slightly metamorphosed tholeiitic diabase.
A Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron on the Webb Canyon Gneiss and the Rendezvous Metagabbro indicates that these rocks were metamorphosed 2,875 ± 150 m.y. ago. The initial Sr. ratio of 0.700 suggests that the original rocks are probably not significantly older than the metamorphism. The Mount Owen Quartz Monzonite has a whole-rock isochron age of 2,495 ± 75 m.y. and an unusually high initial ratio of 0.732. Plagioclase-microcline isochrons from two samples of the quartz monzonite indicate partial re-equilibration of the Rb-Sr system during a thermal event 1,800 m.y. ago.
The age of the diabase dikes has not been definitely determined, but biotite in the wall rocks of one major dike has a K-Ar age of 1,450 m.y. This suggests that the dike was emplaced during or prior to a thermal event 1,300 to 1,500 m.y. ago that was responsible for resetting many of the previously reported K-Ar mineral ages throughout the range.
The geochronologic record in the Teton Range is very similar to that elsewhere in the Wyoming Precambrian province. Major metamorphic events with ages between 2,700 and 2,900 m.y. have been identified in the Bighorn, Beartooth, Little Belt, and Granite Mountains. Post-tectonic granitic rocks with ages of 2,500 to 2,700 m.y. have been found in the Wind River Range and the Granite Mountains. Later thermal events have affected Rb-Sr systematics of rocks in the Beartooth Mountains, Wind River Range, and Granite Mountains, as well as in the Teton Range at about the same time as major episodes of regional metamorphism in terranes flanking the Wyoming province in southwestern Montana and in the Front Range in Colorado.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<561:GOPROT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Reed, J.C., and Zartman, R., 1973, Geochronology of Precambrian rocks of the Teton Range, Wyoming: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, no. 2, p. 561-582, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<561:GOPROT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"582","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414712,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Teton Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.84537434997902,\n 43.502379861642595\n ],\n [\n -110.7349727362824,\n 43.685697211227364\n ],\n [\n -110.7107382357151,\n 43.845156242838044\n ],\n [\n -110.67304012372105,\n 43.979005826657925\n ],\n [\n -110.73766545856788,\n 44.14347912047279\n ],\n [\n -110.94231235224892,\n 44.12415303704091\n ],\n [\n -111.017708576237,\n 43.98481854482057\n ],\n [\n -111.04194307680432,\n 43.83738761553414\n ],\n [\n -111.02578674309277,\n 43.75964570842382\n ],\n [\n -111.10656841165111,\n 43.6058083095117\n ],\n [\n -111.07156302194257,\n 43.549237376713535\n ],\n [\n -110.92615601853738,\n 43.49065979580564\n ],\n [\n -110.84537434997902,\n 43.502379861642595\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, John C. Jr.","contributorId":223980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reed","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70241694,"text":"70241694 - 1973 - Reconnaissance study of the strontium isotopic composition of Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the northwestern Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T17:04:22.972133","indexId":"70241694","displayToPublicDate":"1973-02-01T11:39:31","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconnaissance study of the strontium isotopic composition of Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the northwestern Great Basin","docAbstract":"Sixteen mafic and intermediate lava flows of Eocene to Pleistocene age from the northwestern Great Basin have initial Sr87/Sr86 ratios of from 0.7029 to 0.7047. Seven upper Miocene mafic and intermediate lava flows have initial ratios of from 0.7037 to 0.7041, suggesting a common source for the Steens Basalt and contemporaneous rocks of the northwestern Great Basin. Values of 0.7047 and 0.7033 obtained on olivine basalts of early Miocene and Quaternary ages, respectively, suggest that these lavas were derived from different source materials than were the late Miocene rocks. Unusually low values of 0.7029 obtained on two specimens of andesite from the Eocene Cedarville Series of Russell (1928) suggest that these lava flows were derived from still another source material.
Ten silicic volcanic rocks, most from widespread and voluminous ash-flow sheets and lava complexes, have initial ratios of approximately 0.7023 to 0.7057. Some of the more radiogenic values, obtained on very highly differentiated and strontium-poor rock units, provide only an upper limit for the initial Sr87/Sr86 ratios of the parent magmas. The close similiarity of the strontium isotopic composition of the silicic rocks to those of spatially and temporally associated intermediate lavas supports the concept that the widespread Miocene silicic volcanic rocks of the northwestern Great Basin were produced by the fractional crystallization of enormous volumes of mantle-derived mafic magma. The data also provide indirect support for the interpretation that the relatively radiogenic character of many salic volcanic rocks from other parts of the Great Basin largely reflects the presence of an unusually radiogenic mantle rather than the involvement of crustal material.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<1393:RSOTSI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Noble, D.C., Hedge, C.E., McKee, E.H., and Korringa, M.K., 1973, Reconnaissance study of the strontium isotopic composition of Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the northwestern Great Basin: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, no. 4, p. 1393-1405, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<1393:RSOTSI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1393","endPage":"1405","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.65478492913951,\n 38.17845616861152\n ],\n [\n -116.57625843904941,\n 38.17845616861152\n ],\n [\n -116.57625843904941,\n 43.2049720572158\n ],\n [\n -121.65478492913951,\n 43.2049720572158\n ],\n [\n -121.65478492913951,\n 38.17845616861152\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noble, Donald C.","contributorId":64676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hedge, Carl E.","contributorId":76299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedge","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":867546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Korringa, Marjorie K.","contributorId":303477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Korringa","given":"Marjorie","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70241690,"text":"70241690 - 1973 - Pahoehoe flows from the 1969–1971 Mauna Ulu eruption, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T16:34:43.300985","indexId":"70241690","displayToPublicDate":"1973-02-01T11:26:22","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pahoehoe flows from the 1969–1971 Mauna Ulu eruption, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Note: This paper is dedicated to Aaron and Elizabeth Waters on the occasion of Dr. Waters' retirement.
Three types of chemically similar pahoehoe flows were observed to form during the 1969–1971 Mauna Ulu eruption. (1) A cavernous type called shelly pahoehoe, characterized by fragile gas cavities, small tubes, and buckled fragments of surface crust, was deposited when gas-charged lava welled out of the source fissure with little or no accompanying fountaining. (2) A comparatively smooth-surfaced, dense type, characterized by surface channels and only a few large cavities, formed from voluminous flows of partly degassed fallout away from the foot of lava fountains more than 100 m high. (3) A relatively dense type, characterized by hummocky surfaces with abundant low tumuli and overlapping pahoehoe toes and lobes, formed when largely degassed lava issued from tubes after flowing underground for several kilometers or more. Shelly pahoehoe is rarely found in the geologic record, but the other two types occur commonly. These three types of pahoehoe, which are completely intergradational, can be related qualitatively to the relative gas content and mode of flowage of the lava. The present surface of Kilauea is underlain mostly by hummocky, tube-fed pahoehoe.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<615:PFFTMU>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D., 1973, Pahoehoe flows from the 1969–1971 Mauna Ulu eruption, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, no. 2, p. 615-626, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<615:PFFTMU>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"615","endPage":"626","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.2984910854643,\n 19.411226251025127\n ],\n [\n -155.29922015737213,\n 19.40314640156471\n ],\n [\n -155.29028902650055,\n 19.396785386664774\n ],\n [\n -155.272791300711,\n 19.399879965518124\n ],\n [\n -155.2545645030136,\n 19.40778806627671\n ],\n [\n -155.244357496303,\n 19.40847570904171\n ],\n [\n -155.237978117109,\n 19.40864761927881\n ],\n [\n -155.23670224127002,\n 19.413117221649344\n ],\n [\n -155.24217028057927,\n 19.418618102041762\n ],\n [\n -155.25365316312863,\n 19.42480636994776\n ],\n [\n -155.25893893446093,\n 19.432369488426914\n ],\n [\n -155.26914594117153,\n 19.432369488426914\n ],\n [\n -155.27862387597423,\n 19.433228911425957\n ],\n [\n -155.28427418326038,\n 19.425493940723797\n ],\n [\n -155.29539252985575,\n 19.419133800034004\n ],\n [\n -155.2984910854643,\n 19.411226251025127\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":229682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":867543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70241536,"text":"70241536 - 1973 - Zircon fission-track ages of Pearlette family ash beds in Meade County, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T16:18:45.068915","indexId":"70241536","displayToPublicDate":"1973-02-01T11:12:36","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zircon fission-track ages of Pearlette family ash beds in Meade County, Kansas","docAbstract":"Pearlette family volcanic ash beds at two faunally important late Cenozoic localities near Meade, Meade County, Kansas, are very similar in chemical and mineralogic composition, yet their zircon microphenocrysts have markedly different fission-track ages. Zircon microphenocrysts from type B Pearlette volcanic ash underlying sediments that contain the Borchers local fauna of Hibbard are various shades of pink and have a fission-track age of 1.9 ± 0.1 m.y. In contrast, zircon microphenocrysts from type O Pearlette volcanic ash overlying sediments that contain the Cudahy local fauna of Hibbard are colorless and have a fission-track age of 0.6 ± 0.1 m.y. These fission-track ages are in good agreement with K-Ar ages on the probable source material in Yellowstone National Park.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1973)1<93:ZFAOPF>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Naeser, C.W., Izett, G.A., and Wilcox, R.E., 1973, Zircon fission-track ages of Pearlette family ash beds in Meade County, Kansas: Geology, v. 1, no. 2, p. 93-95, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1973)1<93:ZFAOPF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"95","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414554,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Meade County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":945,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Meade\",\"state\":\"KS\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-100.217,37.4758],[-100.1068,37.4751],[-100.106,37.3862],[-100.0898,37.3855],[-100.0902,36.9983],[-100.1079,36.9983],[-100.6337,36.9986],[-100.635,37.3881],[-100.6518,37.3878],[-100.652,37.4757],[-100.217,37.4758]]]}}]}","volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izett, Glen A.","contributorId":83790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izett","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcox, Ray E.","contributorId":63074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70241535,"text":"70241535 - 1973 - Hybrid origin of the absarokite-shoshonite-banakite Series, Absaroka Volcanic Field, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T15:56:28.59669","indexId":"70241535","displayToPublicDate":"1973-02-01T10:41:48","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hybrid origin of the absarokite-shoshonite-banakite Series, Absaroka Volcanic Field, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Textural and mineralogical features of potash-rich basaltic rocks of the absarokite-shoshonite-banakite series strongly suggest that most of the large crystals and aggregates in these rocks are xenocrysts and microxenoliths, not true phenocrysts as was previously thought. A hybrid origin, involving assimilation of gabbro by high-temperature syenitic magma, is proposed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<697:HOOTAS>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Prostka, H.J., 1973, Hybrid origin of the absarokite-shoshonite-banakite Series, Absaroka Volcanic Field, Wyoming: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, no. 2, p. 697-701, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<697:HOOTAS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"697","endPage":"701","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Absaroka Volcanic Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.48350186874559,\n 43.80422294224638\n ],\n [\n -110.02947087882127,\n 43.7328048224457\n ],\n [\n -109.20232531301743,\n 43.46259612336715\n ],\n [\n -108.92361322019237,\n 43.550628495855875\n ],\n [\n -108.74829432309257,\n 43.787999039408305\n ],\n [\n -109.02700641591763,\n 44.07612581029548\n ],\n [\n -109.16186710599476,\n 44.12454903383494\n ],\n [\n -109.01801570324629,\n 44.30497863259859\n ],\n [\n -109.08544604828458,\n 44.401409927529386\n ],\n [\n -109.0719599792765,\n 44.516918022569286\n ],\n [\n -109.22480209469686,\n 44.73447648442601\n ],\n [\n -109.17535317500233,\n 45.00845621118697\n ],\n [\n -110.65432540950971,\n 44.99256286793869\n ],\n [\n -110.65432540950971,\n 44.82063383612166\n ],\n [\n -110.37111796034841,\n 44.58739380863548\n ],\n [\n -110.25873405195127,\n 44.42067714523816\n ],\n [\n -110.22726655759996,\n 44.32106153406011\n ],\n [\n -110.348641178669,\n 44.30819556548937\n ],\n [\n -110.57340899546386,\n 44.33714002800821\n ],\n [\n -110.71276504187611,\n 44.1213220527832\n ],\n [\n -110.65432540950971,\n 43.95974827290979\n ],\n [\n -110.48350186874559,\n 43.80422294224638\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prostka, Harold J.","contributorId":52185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prostka","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70241679,"text":"70241679 - 1973 - Miocene tholeiitic basalts of coastal Oregon and Washington and their relations to coeval basalts of the Columbia Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T15:45:43.966394","indexId":"70241679","displayToPublicDate":"1973-02-01T10:38:29","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Miocene tholeiitic basalts of coastal Oregon and Washington and their relations to coeval basalts of the Columbia Plateau","docAbstract":"Note: This paper is dedicated to Aaron and Elizabeth Waters on the occasion of Dr. Waters' retirement.
Tholeiitic basalt flows and breccias of Miocene age in western Oregon and Washington form three distinct stratigraphic units. Each unit was erupted from coastal vents marked by dikes and sills of the same composition as associated extrusive rocks. The three coastal basalt units are interbedded with predominantly marine sedimentary rocks of middle to late Miocene age. These units are here named, from older to younger, the Depoe Bay Basalt, Cape Foulweather Basalt, and basalt of Pack Sack Lookout. The three units can be distinguished by their petrographic characteristics. The Depoe Bay Basalt is nonporphyritic; Cape Foulweather Basalt has sparse large labradorite phenocrysts; and Pack Sack basalt has labradorite phenocrysts with numerous pyroxene and glass inclusions as well as augite and olivine phenocrysts. Chemical analyses of basalts from these three units show that each has a distinct and uniform composition. The Depoe Bay Basalt is characterized by high SiO2 content; the Cape Foulweather Basalt has high content of total iron, TiO2, and P2O5; and Pack Sack basalt is marked by relatively high MgO and CaO content.
The Depoe Bay Basalt, Cape Foulweather Basalt, and basalt of Pack Sack Lookout on the coast occur in the same stratigraphic order and are essentially the same ages as three basalt units that erupted on the Columbia Plateau. The plateau-derived units are the Yakima and late-Yakima petrographic types of Waters (1961) and the Pomona flow of Schmincke (1967). The virtual identity in chemical composition of the Depoe Bay Basalt and Yakima-type basalt, the Cape Foulweather Basalt and the late-Yakima–type basalt, and the Pack Sack basalt and the Pomona basalt flow indicate that each pair is consanguineous.
Fissure vents for the plateau basalt are located in eastern Oregon and Washington and western Idaho more than 500 km east of the coastal vent areas. Thus, a regional mechanism of magma generation or emplacement is required. Three models of magma genesis considered in this report are: (1) partial melting of the subducted Juan de Fuca plate; (2) partial melting along a nearly horizontal shear zone at the base of the American plate; and (3) partial melting within the asthenosphere and fractionation during ascent of the magma.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<387:MTBOCO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Snavely, P., MacLeod, N.S., and Wagner, H.C., 1973, Miocene tholeiitic basalts of coastal Oregon and Washington and their relations to coeval basalts of the Columbia Plateau: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, no. 2, p. 387-424, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<387:MTBOCO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"424","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.27714051017513,\n 46.64767251182491\n ],\n [\n -125.27714051017513,\n 43.583883983096456\n ],\n [\n -122.15260600009933,\n 43.583883983096456\n ],\n [\n -122.15260600009933,\n 46.64767251182491\n ],\n [\n -125.27714051017513,\n 46.64767251182491\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snavely, Parke D. Jr.","contributorId":80328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snavely","given":"Parke D.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacLeod, Norman S.","contributorId":13643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacLeod","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagner, Holly C.","contributorId":55407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70206955,"text":"70206955 - 1973 - Age of mineralization at Summitville, Colorado, as indicated by K-Ar dating of Alunite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-02T06:57:49","indexId":"70206955","displayToPublicDate":"1973-01-31T19:23:47","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Age of mineralization at Summitville, Colorado, as indicated by K-Ar dating of Alunite","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.68.3.399","issn":" 03610128","usgsCitation":"Mehnert, H.H., Lipman, P.W., and Steven, T.A., 1973, Age of mineralization at Summitville, Colorado, as indicated by K-Ar dating of Alunite: Economic Geology, v. 68, no. 3, p. 399-401, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.68.3.399.","productDescription":"3 p. 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\"}}]}","volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1973-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehnert, H. H.","contributorId":16382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehnert","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steven, T. A.","contributorId":42575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steven","given":"T.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207922,"text":"70207922 - 1973 - Flow of lava into the sea, 1969–1971, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T12:35:06","indexId":"70207922","displayToPublicDate":"1973-01-20T12:22:19","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow of lava into the sea, 1969–1971, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii ","docAbstract":"Lava from the Mauna Ulu eruption on Kilauea Volcano entered the sea on the south coast of the Island of Hawaii three times from 1969 to 1971. Two of these flows were investigated underwater by divers, one while lava was actively flowing.
The June 1969 flow entered the sea as a narrow flow of aa. Below sea level, the flow maintained continuity and flowed at least several hundred meters to a depth beyond 70 m. Several cylindrical flow lobes about 1 m in diameter and about 10 to 15 m long emerged from the side of the aa flow at a depth of about 25m.
Underwater investigations, combined with subaerial observations, revealed that the March–May 1971 flow produced a distinct lava delta composed of subaerial pahoehoe lava resting on a submarine sequence of steeply dipping foreset-bedded volcanic sand and rubble that includes conformably dipping cylindrical lava tongues. Most of the pahoehoe streams pouring over the sea cliff are quenched and shattered to glassy sand and rubble that in turn is further fragmented by vigorous wave action and avalanching. In some places, however, larger pahoehoe flows maintain coherence across the cliff and through the surf zone to feed submarine lava tongues. Underwater, these active lava tongues emitted a roaring noise as lava flowed inside their outer black glassy walls. Periodically, cracks exposed the brightly incandescent lava within, and pillow-like buds and toes grew from the top and sides of the lava tongue. Only a small amount of steam was generated underwater. Water temperature close to the active tongues was elevated only 2.5°C.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<537:FOLITS>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., Phillips, R.L., Grigg, R., Peterson, D.W., and Swanson, D., 1973, Flow of lava into the sea, 1969–1971, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii : GSA Bulletin, v. 84, no. 2, p. 537-546, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<537:FOLITS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"546","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.34118652343747,\n 19.19186565046399\n ],\n [\n -155.072021484375,\n 19.19186565046399\n ],\n [\n -155.072021484375,\n 19.38888634723281\n ],\n [\n -155.34118652343747,\n 19.38888634723281\n ],\n [\n -155.34118652343747,\n 19.19186565046399\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, R. L.","contributorId":119868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grigg, R.W.","contributorId":31548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grigg","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, D. W.","contributorId":84326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swanson, Don 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":168817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Don","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70207921,"text":"70207921 - 1973 - Origin of Comb Layering and Orbicular Structure, Sierra Nevada Batholith, California ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T12:19:38","indexId":"70207921","displayToPublicDate":"1973-01-20T12:08:07","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of Comb Layering and Orbicular Structure, Sierra Nevada Batholith, California ","docAbstract":"A new descriptive term, comb layering, is proposed to replace the informal term Willow Lake-type layering, first introduced by Poldervaart and Taubeneck (1959) to describe layering in granitoid rocks in which constituent crystals are oriented approximately perpendicular to individual layers. The term schlieren layering is proposed to describe the “normal” layering of granitic rocks defined by alternating layers enriched or depleted in the normal mafic minerals. In such layers, elongate minerals commonly lie in the plane of the layering. Comb layering is widespread in plutonic rocks of California and is commonly associated with orbicular diorites. Evidence from a detailed study of three localities in the Sierra Nevada indicates that comb layering forms chiefly in overturned troughs along overhanging walls of plutons or along walls of dikes or pipes that cut country rocks adjoining plutons. Orbicular rocks associated with the comb layering are formed by a nucleus surrounded by multiple comb layers.
The growth direction in comb layers can be determined by the branching and widening of plagioclase and hornblende crystals and is invariably toward the parent pluton. Field data indicate that comb layering cannot have formed from silicate magma, and further suggest that the layers have been deposited by large volumes of aqueous fluids that migrated upward along contacts between magma and wallrock or along the interface between magma and previously solidified melt. Comb layering and orbicules are largely restricted to structural traps into which upwardly migrating, solute-rich water was channeled owing to its low density. The comb layers grew on the solid walls of fluid-filled channels, whereas orbicules formed by precipitation of comb layers on hobbling inclusions suspended within the upward-flowing fluid.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<1:OOCLAO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., and Lockwood, J.P., 1973, Origin of Comb Layering and Orbicular Structure, Sierra Nevada Batholith, California : GSA Bulletin, v. 84, no. 1, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<1:OOCLAO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada Batholith","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.09130859375,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -120.91552734375,\n 38.18638677411551\n ],\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -119.33349609375,\n 34.45221847282654\n ],\n [\n -117.35595703124999,\n 33.76088200086917\n ],\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 32.602361666817515\n ],\n [\n -115.11474609375001,\n 32.95336814579932\n ],\n [\n -115.79589843749999,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -117.57568359374999,\n 36.84446074079564\n ],\n [\n -120.69580078125001,\n 39.33429742980725\n ],\n [\n -121.09130859375,\n 39.26628442213066\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockwood, J. P.","contributorId":104473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207350,"text":"70207350 - 1973 - Iron-formation in South America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T07:33:10","indexId":"70207350","displayToPublicDate":"1973-01-11T06:43:15","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Iron-formation in South America","docAbstract":"Except for recent studies by certain South American governmental and quasi-governmental companies and agencies, little effort has been devoted to study of the iron-formations from which the great iron ore deposits of South America formed. Great gaps in basic information exist. Iron-formation is found in the Guayana and Brazilian Precambrian Shields as a common rock type and also occurs in Chile and astride the Bolivian-Brazilian border. Only the carbonate and oxide facies are known, the former being quite rare. The dominant oxide facies occurs in major units averaging more than 100 m in thickness and extending over hundreds of square kilometers, generally in a miogeosynclinal or intra-cratonic basin environment. The relation of such deposits with volcanism is tenuous and obscure, if indeed there is any direct relation. Smaller units of oxide facies iron-formation occur in many minor beds from widely varying geologic environments. The carbonate facies is found in a eugeosynclinal suite in Minas Gerais, Brazil, and is of the Algoma type. The deposits range in age from about 3,200 m.y. to late Precambrian or early Paleozoic; although the major epoch of deposition is debatable, it probably was about 2,000 m.y. ago. The South American oxide facies iron-formations are richer than many in the Northern Hemisphere, those of early and middle Precambrian age averaging about 40 percent in Fe and the same in SiO 2. Younger iron-formations are still richer, averaging perhaps 50 percent Fe. Scanty trace element data do not indicate volcanic affiliations. The iron is present as magnetite, hematite, and martite; most rocks have been metamorphosed, and accordingly it is not known how much of the magnetite is metamorphic and how much is diagenetic or depositional in origin. Hematite and martite are dominant in most iron-formations. South American iron-formations are quite similar in lithology and occurrence to the major deposits in Africa and India and possibly formed when these continents were contiguous. These formations differ from those in the Northern Hemisphere in having a narrower range in lithologic facies and a generally higher iron content. In few areas can any direct relation with volcanism be demonstrated. © 1973 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists ","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.68.7.1005","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Dorr, J.V., 1973, Iron-formation in South America: Economic Geology, v. 68, no. 7, p. 1005-1022, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.68.7.1005.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1022","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"South America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -64.3359375,\n -55.37911044801048\n ],\n [\n -67.8515625,\n -52.482780222078205\n ],\n [\n -32.6953125,\n -4.915832801313164\n ],\n [\n -38.3203125,\n -1.0546279422758742\n ],\n [\n -53.78906249999999,\n 9.795677582829743\n ],\n [\n -67.5,\n 14.944784875088372\n ],\n [\n -76.2890625,\n 14.944784875088372\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 11.523087506868514\n ],\n [\n -84.375,\n 1.7575368113083254\n ],\n [\n -83.671875,\n -11.5230875068685\n ],\n [\n -72.7734375,\n -21.943045533438166\n ],\n [\n -76.640625,\n -33.137551192346145\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n -40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n -77.6953125,\n -51.618016548773696\n ],\n [\n -74.53125,\n -56.36525013685607\n ],\n [\n -67.1484375,\n -56.36525013685607\n ],\n [\n -64.3359375,\n -55.37911044801048\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1973-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorr, John Van N.","contributorId":18730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorr","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Van N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207272,"text":"70207272 - 1973 - Silica-carbonate alteration of serpentine: Wall rock alteration in mercury deposits of the California Coast Ranges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-15T13:28:09","indexId":"70207272","displayToPublicDate":"1973-01-05T13:22:48","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Silica-carbonate alteration of serpentine: Wall rock alteration in mercury deposits of the California Coast Ranges","docAbstract":"Chemical, isotopic, and thermodynamic properties have been measured of CO 2-rich ground waters in the central California Coast Ranges. The acidic CO 2-rich waters react with serpentine to form silica-carbonate rock, the host rock of many mercury deposits in the Coast Range of California. In part the waters are of a metamorphic origin and in part the waters are locally derived meteoric waters. The CO 2 is entirely derived from metamorphic reactions at depth. Depending on the relative importance of several reactions, the relative abundances of silica and carbonate minerals vary in the silica-carbonate rock. If the CO 2-rich fluids react directly with peridotite or dunite, massive magnesite deposits may form. © 1973 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists ","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.68.3.388","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Barnes, I., O’Neil, J.R., Rapp, J.B., and White, D., 1973, Silica-carbonate alteration of serpentine: Wall rock alteration in mercury deposits of the California Coast Ranges: Economic Geology, v. 68, no. 3, p. 388-398, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.68.3.388.","productDescription":"11 p. 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\"}}]}","volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1973-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, I.","contributorId":23678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":111576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rapp, J. B.","contributorId":28987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapp","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, D. E.","contributorId":139650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":777510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70206667,"text":"70206667 - 1973 - Gold-bearing arsenian pyrite determined by microprobe analysis, Cortez and Carlin Gold Mines, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-15T06:52:20","indexId":"70206667","displayToPublicDate":"1973-01-04T06:46:33","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Gold-bearing arsenian pyrite determined by microprobe analysis, Cortez and Carlin Gold Mines, Nevada","title":"Gold-bearing arsenian pyrite determined by microprobe analysis, Cortez and Carlin Gold Mines, Nevada","docAbstract":"Studies of polished sections and chemical analyses made by electron microprobe show that gold and arsenic in the unoxidized ores from the Cortez and Carlin mines are most abundant in pyrite. Gold, as particles too small to be seen under the microscope, along with arsenic is concentrated in tiny pyrite grains (<0.005 mm) and in thin rims of larger pyrite grains. It is concentrated also in arsenopyrite which is sparsely distributed in the Cortez ore. Traces of gold are contained in sphalerite and chalcopyrite sparsely disseminated in Carlin ore. Mercury and antimony occur also in the pyrite, and antimony is in illite as well. Little if any gold or arsenic is contained in quartz, carbonate, clay, and carbonaceous material. In oxidized ore, the sulfur and carbonaceous material have been removed and gold and arsenic occur in iron oxide pseudomorphs after pyrite. Gold can be seen in the oxidized ore, indicating that it has been mobilized and concentrated. No association was found between gold and the carbonaceous material. During mineralization, calcite was removed from the fractured silty carbonate of the Roberts Mountains Formation, creating micropore space in which pyrite, quartz, and illite were deposited. The average tenor of the pyrite, if all the gold were in the pyrite, would be 0.10 percent at Cortez and 0.14 percent at Carlin. These calculated values are similar to the analytical values. The calculated tenor of the carbonaceous material, however-if such material were considered to be the mineral host of the gold-would be 0.28 percent at Cortez and 1 percent at Carlin. These figures are unreasonable when compared with the analytical data, which show that the carbonaceous material contains no detectable amounts of gold. © 1973 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.
","language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.68.2.187","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Wells, J.D., and Mullens, T.E., 1973, Gold-bearing arsenian pyrite determined by microprobe analysis, Cortez and Carlin Gold Mines, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 68, no. 2, p. 187-201, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.68.2.187.","productDescription":"15 p. 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\"}}]}","volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1973-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, J. D.","contributorId":58647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mullens, T. E.","contributorId":34573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullens","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159791,"text":"70159791 - 1973 - Blueschist metamorphism in the Yreka-Fort Jones area, Klamath Mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-23T11:36:19","indexId":"70159791","displayToPublicDate":"1973-01-02T05:15:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blueschist metamorphism in the Yreka-Fort Jones area, Klamath Mountains, California","docAbstract":"Blueschist is plentiful in the Yreka-Fort Jones area, eastern Klamath Mountains, adjacent to a belt of serpentinite that marks the boundary between two fundamental lithologic units, an eastern belt of early Paleozoic sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, and a western greenstone-chert assemblage of late Paleozoic and Triassic(?) age. The blueschists, which contain lawsonite and glaucophane or crossite, occur with phyllitic quartzite and siliceous phyllite of the Stuart Fork Formation, which is overthrust northwestward on the greenstone-chert terrane. The blueschist facies metamorphism probably was synchronous with Middle and Late Jurassic metamorphism of the Stuart Fork Formation. The blueschist-serpentinite terrane possibly marks the site of collision between the eastern Klamath plate and an oceanic western Paleozoic and Triassic plate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Hotz, P.E., 1973, Blueschist metamorphism in the Yreka-Fort Jones area, Klamath Mountains, California: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 1, no. 1, p. 53-61.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"61","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":311650,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311649,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1973/vol1issue1/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"22.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States of America","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.92259216308592,\n 41.50446357504806\n ],\n [\n -122.54493713378906,\n 41.52708581365462\n ],\n [\n -122.57652282714844,\n 41.77796872322689\n ],\n [\n -122.98645019531249,\n 41.75082413553287\n ],\n [\n -122.92259216308592,\n 41.50446357504806\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"565446bce4b071e7ea53d4a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hotz, Preston E.","contributorId":37083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotz","given":"Preston","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70007447,"text":"70007447 - 1973 - The channeled scablands of eastern Washington : the geologic story of the Spokane flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-17T00:10:14","indexId":"70007447","displayToPublicDate":"1973-01-01T17:34:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesNumber":"INF-72-2","title":"The channeled scablands of eastern Washington : the geologic story of the Spokane flood","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70007447","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1973, The channeled scablands of eastern Washington : the geologic story of the Spokane flood, 23 p., col. ill., col. maps., 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/70007447.","productDescription":"23 p., col. ill., col. maps., 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":256843,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70007447/report.pdf","size":"7899","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70007447/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa1ce4b08c986b32271c"} ,{"id":70214099,"text":"70214099 - 1973 - Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Pin Oak Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T21:57:29.087585","indexId":"70214099","displayToPublicDate":"1973-01-01T16:56:36","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Pin Oak Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1971","docAbstract":"The U.S. Soil Conservation Service is actively engaged in the installation of flood- and soil-erosion reducing measures in Texas under the authority of \"The Flood Control Act of 1936 and 1944\" and \"Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act\" (Public Law 566), as amended. The Soil Conservation Service has found a total of approximately 3,500 floodwater-retarding structures to be physically and economically feasible in Texas. As of September 30, 1971, 1,496 of these structures had been built.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70214099","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Hampton, B., 1973, Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Pin Oak Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1971: Open-File Report, iii, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70214099.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391548,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70214099/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":391549,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70214099/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Pin Oak Creek","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampton, B.B.","contributorId":43362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047467,"text":"70047467 - 1973 - Lake Okeechobee seepage monitoring network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T17:47:21.905845","indexId":"70047467","displayToPublicDate":"1973-01-01T16:11:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"FL 73-018","displayTitle":"Lake Okeechobee Seepage Monitoring Network","title":"Lake Okeechobee seepage monitoring network","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the data collected at the five original monitoring sites along the south shore of Lake Okeechobee from January 29, 1970 to June 28, 1972. In order to use the hydrographs in this report to full advantage, they should be studied in conjunction with Meyer's graphs and text (1971). During steady-state conditions, water seeps from the lake through the filtercake and through the aquifers beneath the dike. At those sites where the filtercake is missing, or has about the same permeability as the aquifers, the seepage from the lake is about equivalent to the flow through the aquifers. Present data are insufficient to determine whether or not filtercake buildup has reduced seepage. No appreciable change in drainage occurred during the observed period.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tallahassee, FL","doi":"10.3133/70047467","usgsCitation":"McKenzie, D.J., 1973, Lake Okeechobee seepage monitoring network: Open-File Report FL 73-018, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70047467.","productDescription":"64 p.","numberOfPages":"64","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277873,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047467/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":276140,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047467/ofr-fl-73018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR FL 73-018"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.143229,26.624789 ], [ -81.143229,27.207276 ], [ -80.568544,27.207276 ], [ -80.568544,26.624789 ], [ -81.143229,26.624789 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
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Recent isotope studies show that the waters involved in a variety of geologic processes are dominantly the local meteoric water of each area. In most active geothermal systems, the D/H ratio of the hot water is nearly identical with the local cold meteoric water, but the O18/O16 ratio has been shifted to a more positive value because of subsurface exchange with rocks.
The numerous thermal springs of the Wilbur Springs mercury district, although rich in CO2, are otherwise similar in Cl content and isotopic composition to analyzed California oil-field waters. Some of the springs discharge near the tops of ridges. These relations cannot be explained by normal meteoric recharge.
Water of isotopic composition similar to that of Wilbur Springs occurs in the Sulphur Bank mercury district 15 mi west of Wilbur Springs, but the Sulphur Bank water is higher in B and NH3 and much lower in Cl than are the Wilbur and most oil-field waters.
The Wilbur Springs and Sulphur Bank waters are enriched by ∼40‰ in δD and ∼13‰ in δO18 relative to local meteoric waters of each area, and thus require processes that differ, at least in part, from most previously studied geothermal systems. The D enrichment, chemical composition, and ridge-top discharge are best explained by large proportions of nonmeteoric water. Wilbur Springs and Sulphur Bank may be dominated, respectively, by waters of connate and metamorphic origin, derived from reaction of ancient ocean waters and marine sediments, and now being forced out by pressures that are higher than hydrostatic. Present data indicate that the most saline of each of these types is more restricted in range of δD than are present-day meteoric waters of the same areas; complete flushing by existing or ancient meteoric waters is unlikely.
Many springs in the region are chemically intermediate between the high- and low-chloride types and commonly mix near the surface in different proportions with local meteoric water. Many of these springs are associated with mercury deposits and Alpine serpentinites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<547:TAMWON>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"White, D.E., Barnes, I., and O’Neil, J.R., 1973, Thermal and mineral waters of nonmeteoric origin, California Coast Ranges: GSA Bulletin, v. 84, no. 2, p. 547-560, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<547:TAMWON>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"560","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358438,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald E.","contributorId":76787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, Ivan","contributorId":56619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neil, James R.","contributorId":70762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199338,"text":"70199338 - 1973 - Lakes of Oregon, Volume 1: Clatsop, Columbia, and Tillamook Counties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T14:18:39","indexId":"70199338","displayToPublicDate":"1973-01-01T15:17:50","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Lakes of Oregon, Volume 1: Clatsop, Columbia, and Tillamook Counties","docAbstract":"An inventory of lakes and reservoirs in Oregon has been needed for many years. Records have long been collected throughout the State to assess the quantity and quality of water from streams, but few data have been collected on water stored in Oregon's lakes and reservoirs. Such data are essential for a complete evaluation of the total surface-water supply of the State and to provide a basis for answering questions about Oregon's lakes. Much of the information on lakes and reservoirs previously collected by Federal and State agencies has never been published. These data were compiled and used as a basis for collecting additional information. This report provides information for use by city, county, and State planning groups as well as for sportsmen, tourists, and others interested in preserving the recreational value of Oregon's lakes.
Because of the large number of lakes and reservoirs in Oregon, a single report covering the State would be bulky. Therefore, the best approach seemed to be to publish several volumes on a county or multicounty basis, and Clatsop, Columbia, and Tillamook Counties were selected for the first report. (See fig. 1.)
In addition to office compilation of existing data, most lakes were visited at least once. Visits were made in late summer or early fall when lakes were most accessible and when water temperature and biological activity are at a maximum. Some lakes previously studied by other Federal or State agencies and included in this report were not visited during the study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70199338","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oregon State Engineer","usgsCitation":"Sanderson, R., Shulters, M., and Curtiss, D.A., 1973, Lakes of Oregon, Volume 1: Clatsop, Columbia, and Tillamook Counties: Open-File Report, iii, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70199338.","productDescription":"iii, 95 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":357626,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70199338/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":357625,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70199338/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Clatsop County, Columbia County, Tillamook County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.0411376953125,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 46.2824277013447\n ],\n [\n -124.0411376953125,\n 46.2824277013447\n ],\n [\n -124.0411376953125,\n 45\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanderson, R.B.","contributorId":169982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanderson","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shulters, M.V.","contributorId":54583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shulters","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curtiss, D. A.","contributorId":27862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtiss","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168642,"text":"70168642 - 1973 - Geology of the Mississippian aquifer in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T13:29:27","indexId":"70168642","displayToPublicDate":"1973-01-01T14:30:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"3","subseriesTitle":"Miscellaneous Map","title":"Geology of the Mississippian aquifer in Iowa","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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Data from such surveys can be used as the basis for more detailed observations from aircraft and on the ground to guide resource exploration, development, and conservation activities.
The value of earth resource observations from space has been demonstrated by the practical use of photographs from the Gemini and Apollo spaceflights and particularly by a series of multispectral photographs taken during the flight of Apollo 9. The analysis of those photographs has shown that the performance of the planned Earth Resources Technology Satellite will meet the needs of the resource and environmental community for small-scale repetitive images of the earth in the visible and solar infrared portions of the spectrum and has provided a limited base of material for earth scientists to work with in order to ready themselves for the ERTS data.
The validity of earth resource observations from space can be derived by analogy from the successively closer observations of the moon, culminating in repeated physical sampling of the moon's surface. The method of inductive reasoning and analysis used for the moon is the opposite of the normal deductive analysis used on the earth. Adoption of the inductive methods and reasoning for earth observations will provide a framework of broad observations and conclusions leading to the identification of target areas for more detailed observation and will, in time, reduce the costs and time required for surveys dealing with resource and environmental problems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626667309494008","usgsCitation":"Robinove, C.J., 1973, Value and validity of earth resources observations from space: Hydrological Sciences Bulletin, v. 18, no. 1, p. 63-67, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667309494008.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"67","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinove, Charles J.","contributorId":16983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinove","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70241838,"text":"70241838 - 1973 - X-ray diffraction analysis of pictograph pigments from Toquima Cave, central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-28T19:55:38.947853","indexId":"70241838","displayToPublicDate":"1973-01-01T14:25:42","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":700,"text":"American Antiquity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"X-ray diffraction analysis of pictograph pigments from Toquima Cave, central Nevada","docAbstract":"X-ray diffraction analysis of red, yellow, white, and black pigments from pictographs in Toquima Cave in central Nevada reveals that gypsum was used as a binder in all colors; ocher (hematite and goethite) and carbon (charcoal) formed the coloring agents. Gypsum and ocher are not found in or near the cave, so the paint mixtures were made from ingredients found elsewhere and then transported to the site of the paintings.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.2307/279317","usgsCitation":"McKee, E.H., and Thomas, D.H., 1973, X-ray diffraction analysis of pictograph pigments from Toquima Cave, central Nevada: American Antiquity, v. 38, no. 1, p. 112-113, https://doi.org/10.2307/279317.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"112","endPage":"113","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414845,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Petes Summit, Toquima Cave, Toquima Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.79980530536571,\n 39.191264494204006\n ],\n [\n -116.79980530536571,\n 39.180586964335504\n ],\n [\n -116.77213619359131,\n 39.180586964335504\n ],\n [\n -116.77213619359131,\n 39.191264494204006\n ],\n [\n -116.79980530536571,\n 39.191264494204006\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":867886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, David H.","contributorId":303704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70241837,"text":"70241837 - 1973 - Transient and steady-state salt transport between sediments and brine in closed lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-28T19:16:41.255924","indexId":"70241837","displayToPublicDate":"1973-01-01T14:08:13","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient and steady-state salt transport between sediments and brine in closed lakes","docAbstract":"A diffusional transport model for Lake Abert, Oregon, predicts the rates of salt transport from pore fluids into lake waters. In a lake without outflow dissolved salts may migrate across the sediment-water interface in response to a concentration difference between lake and interstitial brine. Transport of salt upward is transient; its direction can be reversed by external input of salt or by depletion of salts stored in the sediments, and a steady-state concentration in lake water is not attainable. Downward transport can be a stationary process if the sedimentation rate is rapid compared with molecular diffusion of salt in interstitial brine, but characteristic rates arc too slow to lead to steady-state concentrations within the lifetime of a closed lake. In Lake Abert, diffusional flux upward was much more important than input of salt from other sources; 45% of the salt of lake brine in 1963–1964 was added from the sediment pore space during the preceding 25 years, only 0.1% from external inflow. The sediment source will dominate input during high water level. Such models permit comparison of salt transport across the sediment-water interface with other input sources at different times of the lake’s history.
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Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70121267,"text":"70121267 - 1973 - Interstitial water studies on small core samples from the Mediterranean Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-16T14:45:36","indexId":"70121267","displayToPublicDate":"1973-01-01T14:01:50","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interstitial water studies on small core samples from the Mediterranean Sea","docAbstract":"Of ten Leg 13 sites studied by us, eight give definite evidence of the existence of halite-containing sediments beneath the seabed. 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