{"pageNumber":"627","pageRowStart":"15650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40818,"records":[{"id":70188506,"text":"70188506 - 2013 - Sea-level change during the last 2500 years in New Jersey, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-23T16:15:12","indexId":"70188506","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea-level change during the last 2500 years in New Jersey, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Relative sea-level changes during the last ∼2500 years in New Jersey, USA were reconstructed to test if late Holocene sea level was stable or included persistent and distinctive phases of variability. Foraminifera and bulk-sediment δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C values were combined to reconstruct paleomarsh elevation with decimeter precision from sequences of salt-marsh sediment at two sites using a multi-proxy approach. The additional paleoenvironmental information provided by bulk-sediment δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C values reduced vertical uncertainty in the sea-level reconstruction by about one third of that estimated from foraminifera alone using a transfer function. The history of sediment deposition was constrained by a composite chronology. An age–depth model developed for each core enabled reconstruction of sea level with multi-decadal resolution. Following correction for land-level change (1.4&nbsp;mm/yr), four successive and sustained (multi-centennial) sea-level trends were objectively identified and quantified (95% confidence interval) using error-in-variables change point analysis to account for age and sea-level uncertainties. From at least 500&nbsp;BC to 250&nbsp;AD, sea-level fell at 0.11&nbsp;mm/yr. The second period saw sea-level rise at 0.62&nbsp;mm/yr from 250&nbsp;AD to 733&nbsp;AD. Between 733&nbsp;AD and 1850&nbsp;AD, sea level fell at 0.12&nbsp;mm/yr. The reconstructed rate of sea-level rise since ∼1850&nbsp;AD was 3.1&nbsp;mm/yr and represents the most rapid period of change for at least 2500 years. This trend began between 1830&nbsp;AD and 1873&nbsp;AD. Since this change point, reconstructed sea-level rise is in agreement with regional tide-gauge records and exceeds the global average estimate for the 20th century. These positive and negative departures from background rates demonstrate that the late Holocene sea level was not stable in New Jersey.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.09.024","usgsCitation":"Kemp, A.C., Horton, B.P., Vane, C.H., Bernhardt, C.E., Corbett, D.R., Engelhart, S.E., Anisfeld, S.C., Parnell, A.C., and Cahill, N., 2013, Sea-level change during the last 2500 years in New Jersey, USA: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 81, p. 90-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.09.024.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"90","endPage":"104","ipdsId":"IP-051677","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/geo_facpubs/32","text":"External Repository"},{"id":342493,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.10827636718749,\n              40.15998434802335\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.739990234375,\n              39.3279240176903\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.608154296875,\n              39.25565142103588\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.42962646484375,\n              39.308800296002914\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.33624267578125,\n              39.42770738465604\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.2236328125,\n              39.523110951240696\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.17144775390625,\n              39.620499321968104\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.11651611328125,\n              39.68182601089365\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.06707763671875,\n              39.77054750039529\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.03961181640625,\n              39.928694653732364\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.02587890625,\n              40.0360265298117\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.00115966796875,\n              40.15998434802335\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.05334472656249,\n              40.22712123211294\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.10827636718749,\n              40.15998434802335\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"81","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b39e4b0764e6c65dc2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kemp, Andrew C.","contributorId":192892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kemp","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6936,"text":"Tufts University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, Benjamin P.","contributorId":192807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horton","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5110,"text":"Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vane, Christopher H.","contributorId":192893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vane","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bernhardt, Christopher E. 0000-0003-0082-4731 cbernhardt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-4731","contributorId":2131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Christopher","email":"cbernhardt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Corbett, D. Reide","contributorId":192894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corbett","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reide","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Engelhart, Simon E.","contributorId":60104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engelhart","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anisfeld, Shimon C.","contributorId":173724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anisfeld","given":"Shimon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Parnell, Andrew C.","contributorId":150753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parnell","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":18091,"text":"University College Dublin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cahill, Niamh","contributorId":150754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cahill","given":"Niamh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":18091,"text":"University College Dublin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70059316,"text":"ofr20131301 - 2013 - Monitoring of adult Lost River and shortnose suckers in Clear Lake Reservoir, California, 2008–2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T15:42:46","indexId":"ofr20131301","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-23T14:53:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1301","title":"Monitoring of adult Lost River and shortnose suckers in Clear Lake Reservoir, California, 2008–2010","docAbstract":"<h1>Executive Summary</h1>\n<p>In collaboration with the Bureau of Reclamation, the U.S. Geological Survey began a consistent monitoring program for endangered Lost River suckers (<i>Deltistes luxatus</i>) and shortnose suckers (<i>Chasmistes brevirostris</i>) in Clear Lake Reservoir, California, in the fall of 2004. The program was intended to develop a more complete understanding of the Clear Lake Reservoir populations because they are important to the recovery efforts for these species. We report results from this ongoing program and include sampling efforts from fall 2008 to spring 2010. We summarize catches and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging efforts from trammel net sampling in fall 2008 and fall 2009, as well as detections of PIT-tagged suckers on remote antennas in the spawning tributary, Willow Creek, in spring 2009 and spring 2010.</p>\n<p>Trammel net sampling resulted in a relatively low catch of suckers in fall 2008 and a high catch of suckers in fall 2009. We attribute the high catch of suckers to low lake levels in 2009, which concentrated fish. As in previous years, shortnose suckers made up the vast majority of the sucker catch and recaptures of previously PIT-tagged suckers were relatively uncommon. Across the 2 years, we captured and tagged 389 new Lost River suckers and 2,874 new shortnose suckers. Since the program began, we have tagged a total of about 1,200 Lost River suckers and 5,900 shortnose suckers that can be detected on the remote antennas in Willow Creek. Detections of tagged suckers were low in both spring 2009 and spring 2010. The magnitude of the spawning migration was presumably small in both years because of low flows in Willow Creek; detections were similar to a previous low-flow year (spring 2007) and much lower than previous years with higher flows (spring 2006 and spring 2008).</p>\n<p>The size composition of fish captured in fall trammel net sampling over time suggests that the Lost River sucker population probably has decreased in abundance from what it was in the early 2000s. Shortnose suckers are smaller than Lost River suckers, and we are unable to infer any trend in abundance for shortnose suckers because it is impossible to separate recruitment of small fish from size selectivity of the trammel nets. Nonetheless, the substantial catch of small shortnose suckers in 2009, especially females, indicates that some new individuals recruited to the population.</p>\n<p>Problems with inferring status and population dynamics from size composition data can be overcome by a robust capture-recapture program that follows the histories of PIT-tagged individuals. Inferences from such a program are currently hindered by poor detection rates during spawning seasons with low flows in Willow Creek, which indicate that a key assumption of capture-recapture models is violated. We suggest that the most straightforward solution to this issue would be to collect detection data during the spawning season using remote PIT tag antennas in the strait between the west and east lobes of the lake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131301","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Hewitt, D.A., and Hayes, B., 2013, Monitoring of adult Lost River and shortnose suckers in Clear Lake Reservoir, California, 2008–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1301, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131301.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051993","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280526,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131301.JPG"},{"id":280524,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1301/pdf/ofr2013-1301.pdf","text":"Report","size":"900 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":280525,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1301/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.3831,41.78000 ], [ -122.3831,42.7534 ], [ -120.9161,42.7534 ], [ -120.9161,41.78000 ], [ -122.3831,41.78000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b95be1e4b0a747b3e7e7a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hewitt, David A. 0000-0002-5387-0275 dhewitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5387-0275","contributorId":3767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hewitt","given":"David","email":"dhewitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Brian S. 0000-0001-8229-4070","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8229-4070","contributorId":37022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Brian S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70058790,"text":"pp1803 - 2013 - Selenium in ecosystems within the mountaintop coal mining and valley-fill region of southern West Virginia-assessment and ecosystem-scale modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-23T14:47:58","indexId":"pp1803","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-23T14:28:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1803","title":"Selenium in ecosystems within the mountaintop coal mining and valley-fill region of southern West Virginia-assessment and ecosystem-scale modeling","docAbstract":"Coal and associated waste rock are among environmental selenium (Se) sources that have the potential to affect reproduction in fish and aquatic birds. Ecosystems of southern West Virginia that are affected by drainage from mountaintop coal mines and valleys filled with waste rock in the Coal, Gauley, and Lower Guyandotte watersheds were assessed during 2010 and 2011. Sampling data from earlier studies in these watersheds (for example, Upper Mud River Reservoir) and other mining-affected watersheds also are included to assess additional hydrologic settings and food webs for comparison. Basin schematics give a comprehensive view of sampled species and Se concentration data specific to location and date. Food-web diagrams document the progression of Se trophic transfer across suspended particulate material, invertebrates, and fish for each site to serve as the basis for developing an ecosystem-scale model to predict Se exposure within the hydrologic conditions and food webs of southern West Virginia. This approach integrates a site-specific predator’s dietary exposure pathway into modeling to ensure an adequate link to Se toxicity and, thus, to species vulnerability.\n\nSite-specific fish abundance and richness data in streams documented various species of chub, shiner, dace, darters, bass, minnow, sunfish, sucker, catfish, and central stoneroller (Campostoma anomalum), mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdii), and least brook lamprey (Lampetra aepyptera). However, Se assessment species for streams, and hence, model species for streams, were limited to creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) and central stoneroller. Both of these species of fish are generally considered to have a high tolerance for environmental stress based on traditional comparative fish community assessment, with creek chub being present at all sites. Aquatic insects (mayfly, caddisfly, stonefly, dobsonfly, chironomid) were the main invertebrates sampled in streams. Collection of suspended particulate material acted as an integrator of organic-rich, fine-grained biomass present in streams.\n\nThe base-case food web modeled for streams was suspended particulate material to aquatic insect to creek chub, with comparative modeling of a direct particulate-to-stoneroller food web. Model species for a reservoir setting were based on an earlier study of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Several reservoir food webs were considered based on a variety of invertebrates (insect, snail, clam). For stream and reservoir settings, predicted Se concentrations in exposure scenarios showed a high degree of correlation (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.91 for invertebrates and 0.75 for fish) with field observations of Se concentrations when modeling was initiated from suspended-particulate-material Se concentrations and model transfer parameters defined previously in the literature were used. These strong correlations validate the derived site-specific model and establish sufficient confidence that the predictions from the developed model can be quantitatively applied to the ecosystems in southern West Virginia.\n\nAn application of modeling used a metric describing the partitioning of Se between particulate material and dissolved phases (K<sub>d</sub>) to allow determination of a dissolved Se concentration that would be necessary to attain a site-specific Se fish body burden. The operationally defined K<sub>d</sub> quantifies the complex process of transformation at the base of a food web on a site-specific basis. The magnitude of this metric is known to vary with such factors as Se speciation, particulate-material type, and hydrology. This application (1) ties dissolved Se concentrations to fish tissue concentrations; (2) allows consideration of different choices for intervening site-specific exposure steps that set Se bioaccumulation, partitioning, and bioavailability; and (3) generates implications for management decisions that define protection through different regulatory pathways and guidelines. The range of model outcomes accounts for critical sources of variability and establishes whether site and food-web characterization were adequate to represent the dynamics of the system with certainty. This is especially true in terms of particulate-material phases at the base of the food web and utilization of K<sub>d</sub> in different hydrologic settings. For streams, a range of field-derived K<sub>d</sub>ds were applied to food-web exposure scenarios within a framework of locational and hydrologic variables (area of stream basin; stream gradient and discharge) that may affect the magnitude of K<sub>d</sub>. Overlaying even a coarse temporal scale that acknowledges variability in stream dissolved Se and Se speciation, such as through seasonal derivation of K<sub>d</sub>, can substantially narrow model uncertainty.\n\nModeling that constrains the place and time of greatest ecosystem Se sensitivity within a specified food web gives insight into Se risk and identifies controlling management alternatives within a watershed or stream basin. If there is a range of hydrologic settings, specificity is needed to establish a hierarchy of in-stream and off-stream habitats for a watershed approach that takes into account Se-enriched water moving through different K<sub>d</sub> and food web environments. If there is a range of predator vulnerabilities (measured as a combination of food-web Se biodynamics and response in Se toxicity tests) within the site-specific community of fish species to be protected, then choice of fish species is critical to protection because it determines the food web and, hence, the magnitude of biotransfer through which Se is modeled. Whether creek chub is representative of the vulnerability to Se of all fish species encountered within the study-site ecosystems will require additional species-specific data and analysis. A range of site-specific scenarios illustrated here set model outcomes, but the final quantitative evaluation of alternatives and their implications will be those generated through choices and guidance formulated by state and other agencies in their decisionmaking processes.\n\nProposed additions and refinements to the ecosystem-scale site-specific approach developed here include consideration of:\n\nmeasurement of temporally matched pairs of dissolved and suspended-particulate-material Se concentrations across a broader range of stream sites to expand the stream K<sub>d</sub> database and to test the representativeness of a suspended-particulate-material sample within a stream;\ncharacterization of different phases of particulate material across seasons to better define the base of the food web and connect to invertebrate feeding;\nrefinement of model assumptions concerning dietary preferences and composition for fish to develop additional trophic transfer factors (TTFs) (for example, calculation of TTFinvertebrate composite for mixed diets);\nexpansion of modeling of fish species and their food webs to include Se-vulnerable species;\ntemporal characterization of a predator’s life cycle and habitat use as additional model layers to integrate with Se biodynamics in streams;\ninvestigation of the effect of stream gradient on K<sub>d</sub> based on a finer scale than presented here in terms of such variables as residence time, watershed dilution, and physical habitat attributes (for example, amount of ponding versus run or riffle within a stream); and\nlinkage to discharge through use of stream gaging to record variability and enable model organization within water-year types and discharge seasons.\nInvestigating the presence and variability of prey and predator species in demographically open systems such as streams also is key to model outcomes given the overall environmental stressors (for example, general landscape change, food-web disruption, recolonization potential) imposed on the composition of biological communities in coal mining and valley-fill affected watersheds","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1803","usgsCitation":"Presser, T.S., 2013, Selenium in ecosystems within the mountaintop coal mining and valley-fill region of southern West Virginia-assessment and ecosystem-scale modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1803, vi, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1803.","productDescription":"vi, 86 p.","numberOfPages":"96","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051155","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1803.jpg"},{"id":280521,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1803/"},{"id":280522,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1803/pdf/pp1803.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.8207,37.4749 ], [ -81.8207,38.6340 ], [ -80.1453,38.6340 ], [ -80.1453,37.4749 ], [ -81.8207,37.4749 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b95be2e4b0a747b3e7e7aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presser, Theresa S. 0000-0001-5643-0147 tpresser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-0147","contributorId":2467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"Theresa","email":"tpresser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70057805,"text":"sir20135220 - 2013 - Evaluation of total phosphorus mass balance in the lower Boise River and selected tributaries, southwestern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-23T14:21:17","indexId":"sir20135220","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-23T13:59:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5220","title":"Evaluation of total phosphorus mass balance in the lower Boise River and selected tributaries, southwestern Idaho","docAbstract":"he U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, developed spreadsheet mass-balance models for total phosphorus using results from three synoptic sampling periods conducted in the lower Boise River watershed during August and October 2012, and March 2013. The modeling reach spanned 46.4 river miles (RM) along the Boise River from Veteran’s Memorial Parkway in Boise, Idaho (RM 50.2), to Parma, Idaho (RM 3.8). The USGS collected water-quality samples and measured streamflow at 14 main-stem Boise River sites, two Boise River north channel sites, two sites on the Snake River upstream and downstream of its confluence with the Boise River, and 17 tributary and return-flow sites. Additional samples were collected from treated effluent at six wastewater treatment plants and two fish hatcheries. The Idaho Department of Water Resources quantified diversion flows in the modeling reach.\n\nTotal phosphorus mass-balance models were useful tools for evaluating sources of phosphorus in the Boise River during each sampling period. The timing of synoptic sampling allowed the USGS to evaluate phosphorus inputs to and outputs from the Boise River during irrigation season, shortly after irrigation ended, and soon before irrigation resumed. Results from the synoptic sampling periods showed important differences in surface-water and groundwater distribution and phosphorus loading. In late August 2012, substantial streamflow gains to the Boise River occurred from Middleton (RM 31.4) downstream to Parma (RM 3.8). Mass-balance model results indicated that point and nonpoint sources (including groundwater) contributed phosphorus loads to the Boise River during irrigation season. Groundwater exchange within the Boise River in October 2012 and March 2013 was not as considerable as that measured in August 2012. However, groundwater discharge to agricultural tributaries and drains during non-irrigation season was a large source of discharge and phosphorus in the lower Boise River in October 2012 and March 2013. Model results indicate that point sources represent the largest contribution of phosphorus to the Boise River year round, but that reductions in point and nonpoint source phosphorus loads may be necessary to achieve seasonal total phosphorus concentration targets at Parma (RM 3.8) from May 1 through September 30, as set by the 2004 Snake River-Hells Canyon Total Maximum Daily Load document. The mass-balance models do not account for biological or depositional instream processes, but are useful indicators of locations where appreciable phosphorus uptake or release by aquatic plants may occur.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135220","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Etheridge, A.B., 2013, Evaluation of total phosphorus mass balance in the lower Boise River and selected tributaries, southwestern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5220, Report: viii, 70 p.; 3 XLSM files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135220.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 70 p.; 3 XLSM files","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-039546","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280515,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5220/pdf/sir20135220.pdf"},{"id":280516,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5220/"},{"id":280517,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5220/downloads/sir20135220_October2012.xlsm"},{"id":280518,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5220/downloads/sir20135220_August2012.xlsm"},{"id":280519,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5220/downloads/sir20135220_March2013.xlsm"},{"id":280520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135220.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 10 North. Horizontal","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Boise River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.067566,43.544567 ], [ -117.067566,43.808765 ], [ -116.003952,43.808765 ], [ -116.003952,43.544567 ], [ -117.067566,43.544567 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b95bbfe4b0a747b3e7e71d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Etheridge, Alexandra B. 0000-0003-1282-7315 aetherid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1282-7315","contributorId":3542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Etheridge","given":"Alexandra","email":"aetherid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70055710,"text":"sim3259 - 2013 - Base of the upper layer of the phase-three Elkhorn-Loup groundwater-flow model, north-central Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-23T11:24:50","indexId":"sim3259","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-23T11:01:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3259","title":"Base of the upper layer of the phase-three Elkhorn-Loup groundwater-flow model, north-central Nebraska","docAbstract":"The Elkhorn and Loup Rivers in Nebraska provide water for irrigation, recreation, hydropower produc­tion, aquatic life, and municipal water systems for the Omaha and Lincoln metropolitan areas. Groundwater is another important resource in the region and is extracted primarily for agricultural irrigation. Water managers of the area are interested in balancing and sustaining the long-term uses of these essential surface-water and groundwater resources. Thus, a cooperative study was established in 2006 to compile reliable data describing hydrogeologic properties and water-budget components and to improve the understanding of stream-aquifer interactions in the Elkhorn and Loup River Basins. A groundwater-flow model was constructed as part of the first two phases of that study as a tool for under­standing the effect of groundwater pumpage on stream base flow and the effects of management strategies on hydrologically connected groundwater and surface-water supplies. The third phase of the study was implemented to gain additional geologic knowledge and update the ELM with enhanced water-budget information and refined discretization of the model grid and stress periods. As part of that effort, the ELM is being reconstructed to include two vertical model layers, whereas phase-one and phase-two simulations represented the aquifer system using one vertical model layer. This report presents a map of and methods for developing the elevation of the base of the upper model layer for the phase-three ELM. Digital geospatial data of elevation contours and geologic log sites used to esti­mate elevation contours are available as part of this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3259","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lower Elkhorn, Lower Loup, Lower Platte North, Middle Niobrara, and Upper Elkhorn Natural Resources Districts","usgsCitation":"Stanton, J.S., 2013, Base of the upper layer of the phase-three Elkhorn-Loup groundwater-flow model, north-central Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3259, Map: 49 inches x 39 inches; Associated Metadata and GIS files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3259.","productDescription":"Map: 49 inches x 39 inches; Associated Metadata and GIS files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-043054","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3259.gif"},{"id":280504,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/sim2013-3259_sites.xml"},{"id":280503,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3259/pdf/sim3259.pdf"},{"id":280505,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/sim2013-3259_contours.xml"},{"id":280506,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3259/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102.4640,40.5000 ], [ -102.4640,43.0000 ], [ -97.2839,43.0000 ], [ -97.2839,40.5000 ], [ -102.4640,40.5000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b95b5fe4b0a747b3e7e599","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanton, Jennifer S. 0000-0002-2520-753X jstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-753X","contributorId":830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70059287,"text":"sir20135216 - 2013 - The effects of withdrawals and drought on groundwater availability in the Northern Guam Lens Aquifer, Guam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-20T11:14:31","indexId":"sir20135216","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-20T11:06:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5216","title":"The effects of withdrawals and drought on groundwater availability in the Northern Guam Lens Aquifer, Guam","docAbstract":"Owing to population growth, freshwater demand on Guam has increased in the past and will likely increase in the future. During the early 1970s to 2010, groundwater withdrawals from the limestone Northern Guam Lens Aquifer, the main source of freshwater on the island, tripled from about 15 to 45 million gallons per day. Because of proposed military relocation to Guam and expected population growth, freshwater demand on Guam is projected to increase further. The expected increased demand for groundwater has led to concern over the long-term sustainability of withdrawals from existing and proposed wells.\n\nA three-dimensional numerical groundwater flow and transport model was developed to simulate the effects of hypothetical withdrawal and recharge scenarios on water levels and on the transition zone between freshwater and saltwater. The model was constructed by using average recharge during 1961–2005 and withdrawals from 2010. Hydraulic properties used to construct the model were initially based on published estimates but ultimately were adjusted to obtain better agreement between simulated and measured water levels and salinity profiles in the modeled area.\n\nTwo hypothetical groundwater withdrawal scenarios were simulated: no withdrawal to simulate predevelopment conditions and withdrawal at 2010 rates under a 5-year drought. Simulation results indicate that prior to pumping; the fresh-water lens was 10 to 50 feet thicker in the Yigo-Tumon basin and more than 50 feet thicker in the Hagåtña basin. Results also indicate that continuing the 2010 withdrawal distribution during a 5-year drought would result in decreased water levels, a thinner freshwater lens, and increased salinity of water pumped from wells. The available water with an acceptable salinity (chloride concentration less than 200 milligrams per liter) would decrease from about 34 million gallons per day to 11.5 million gallons per day after 5 years but recover to pre-drought levels 5 years after the return of average recharge conditions.\n\nFive additional scenarios were simulated to assess groundwater demand projections and proposed new well sites for the Department of Defense and Guam Water Authority wells under average and drought conditions. Simulation results from these projected withdrawal scenarios indicate decreased water levels, a thinner freshwater lens, increased water salinity, and unacceptable salinity at several current withdrawal sites. However, for the scenario including projected U.S. Marine Corps demands (46.62 million gallons per day, including 10 proposed wells) more than 40 million gallons per day of the withdrawn groundwater remains in the acceptable category. During a 5-year drought, this same pumping distribution results in only about 15 million gallons per day of withdrawn groundwater having acceptable salinity.\n\nA scenario in which groundwater withdrawal was redistributed in an attempt to maximize withdrawal while maintaining acceptable salinities in the withdrawn water was simulated. The redistributed withdrawal simulates about 47 million gallons per day of withdrawal with more than 41 million gallons per day of withdrawal with acceptable salinity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135216","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Headquarters, United States Marine Corps","usgsCitation":"Gingerich, S.B., 2013, The effects of withdrawals and drought on groundwater availability in the Northern Guam Lens Aquifer, Guam: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5216, xii, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135216.","productDescription":"xii, 76 p.","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135216.jpg"},{"id":280464,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5216/"},{"id":280465,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5216/pdf/sir2013-5216.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Guam;Northern Guam Lens Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.618381,13.246191 ], [ 144.618381,13.654225 ], [ 144.956536,13.654225 ], [ 144.956536,13.246191 ], [ 144.618381,13.246191 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd77dae4b0b2908510bc04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gingerich, Stephen B. 0000-0002-4381-0746 sbginger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-0746","contributorId":1426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"Stephen","email":"sbginger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70059275,"text":"70059275 - 2013 - Laboratory-derived temperature preference and effect on the feeding rate and survival of juvenile <i>Hemimysis anomala</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-20T09:52:04","indexId":"70059275","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-20T09:47:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory-derived temperature preference and effect on the feeding rate and survival of juvenile <i>Hemimysis anomala</i>","docAbstract":"Hemimysis anomala is a warm-water mysid that invaded the Great Lakes region in 2006 and has since rapidly spread throughout the basin. We conducted three laboratory experiments to better define the temperature preference, tolerance limits, and temperature effects on feeding rates of juvenile Hemimysis, using individuals acclimated to mid (16 °C) and upper (22 °C) preferred temperature values previously reported for the species. For temperature preference, we fit a two-parameter Gaussian (μ, σ) function to the experimental data, and found that the peak values (μ, interpreted as the preference temperature) were 22.0 °C (SE 0.25) when acclimated to 16 and 21.9 °C (SE 0.38) when acclimated to 22 °C, with the σ-values of the curves at 2.6 and 2.5 °C, respectively. No mysids were observed in temperatures below 10 or above 28 °C in these preference experiments. In short-term tolerance experiments for temperatures between 4 and 32 °C, all mysids died within 8 h at 30.2 °C for 16 °C acclimated mysids, and at 31.8 °C for 22 °C acclimated mysids. No lower lethal limit was found. Feeding rates increased with temperature from an average of 4 Bosmina eaten per hour at 5 °C to 19 Bosmina eaten per hour at 27 °C. The results of our experiments indicate an optimal temperature for Hemimysis between 21 and 27 °C, which corresponds with temperatures during periods of high population growth in the field. These results contribute a better understanding of this species' biological response to temperature that will help guide field studies and inform bioenergetics modeling.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2013.09.006","usgsCitation":"Sun, J., Rudstam, L.S., Boscarino, B.T., Walsh, M.G., and Lantry, B.F., 2013, Laboratory-derived temperature preference and effect on the feeding rate and survival of juvenile <i>Hemimysis anomala</i>: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 39, no. 4, p. 630-636, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.09.006.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"630","endPage":"636","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-043550","costCenters":[{"id":357,"text":"Lake Ontario Biological Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280452,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.09.006"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Seneca Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.972683,42.387703 ], [ -76.972683,42.869365 ], [ -76.859287,42.869365 ], [ -76.859287,42.387703 ], [ -76.972683,42.387703 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd638ce4b0b290850fedd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sun, Jennifer","contributorId":106005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rudstam, Lars S.","contributorId":67402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudstam","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boscarino, Brent T.","contributorId":104361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boscarino","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walsh, Maureen G.","contributorId":92506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lantry, Brian F. 0000-0001-8797-3910 bflantry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-3910","contributorId":3435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantry","given":"Brian","email":"bflantry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70059332,"text":"70059332 - 2013 - The dilemma of the Jiaodong gold deposits: Are they unique?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:24:52","indexId":"70059332","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-19T14:11:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1814,"text":"Geoscience Frontiers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The dilemma of the Jiaodong gold deposits: Are they unique?","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract svAbstract \" data-etype=\"ab\"><p id=\"abspara0010\">The ca. 126–120&nbsp;Ma Au deposits of the Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China, define the country's largest gold province with an overall endowment estimated as &gt;3000&nbsp;t Au. The vein and disseminated ores are hosted by NE- to NNE-trending brittle normal faults that parallel the margins of ca. 165–150&nbsp;Ma, deeply emplaced, lower crustal melt granites. The deposits are sited along the faults for many tens of kilometers and the larger orebodies are associated with dilatational jogs. Country rocks to the granites are Precambrian high-grade metamorphic rocks located on both sides of a Triassic suture between the North and South China blocks. During early Mesozoic convergent deformation, the ore-hosting structures developed as ductile thrust faults that were subsequently reactivated during Early Cretaceous “Yanshanian” intracontinental extensional deformation and associated gold formation.</p><p id=\"abspara0015\">Classification of the gold deposits remains problematic. Many features resemble those typical of orogenic Au including the linear structural distribution of the deposits, mineralization style, ore and alteration assemblages, and ore fluid chemistry. However, Phanerozoic orogenic Au deposits are formed by prograde metamorphism of accreted oceanic rocks in Cordilleran-style orogens. The Jiaodong deposits, in contrast, formed within two Precambrian blocks approximately 2 billion years after devolatilization of the country rocks, and thus require a model that involves alternative fluid and metal sources for the ores. A widespread suite of ca. 130–123&nbsp;Ma granodiorites overlaps temporally with the ores, but shows a poor spatial association with the deposits. Furthermore, the deposit distribution and mineralization style is atypical of ores formed from nearby magmas. The ore concentration requires fluid focusing during some type of sub-crustal thermal event, which could be broadly related to a combination of coeval lithospheric thinning, asthenospheric upwelling, paleo-Pacific plate subduction, and seismicity along the continental-scale Tan-Lu fault. Possible ore genesis scenarios include those where ore fluids were produced directly by the metamorphism of oceanic lithosphere and overlying sediment on the subducting paleo-Pacific slab, or by devolatilization of an enriched mantle wedge above the slab. Both the sulfur and gold could be sourced from either the oceanic sediments or the serpentinized mantle. A better understanding of the architecture of the paleo-Pacific slab during Early Cretaceous below the eastern margin of China is essential to determination of the validity of possible models.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2013.11.001","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R.J., and Santosh, M., 2013, The dilemma of the Jiaodong gold deposits: Are they unique?: Geoscience Frontiers, v. 5, no. 2, p. 139-153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2013.11.001.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"153","ipdsId":"IP-052586","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2013.11.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Shandong Province","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 0.016944444444444443,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ 0.016944444444444443,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ 0.017222222222222222,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ 0.017222222222222222,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ 0.016944444444444443,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd77a6e4b0b2908510ba5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santosh, M.","contributorId":52873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santosh","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70059306,"text":"70059306 - 2013 - Interactions between hyporheic flow produced by stream meanders, bars, and dunes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-20T14:09:09","indexId":"70059306","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-19T14:05:07","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions between hyporheic flow produced by stream meanders, bars, and dunes","docAbstract":"Stream channel morphology from grain-scale roughness to large meanders drives hyporheic exchange flow. In practice, it is difficult to model hyporheic flow over the wide spectrum of topographic features typically found in rivers. As a result, many studies only characterize isolated exchange processes at a single spatial scale. In this work, we simulated hyporheic flows induced by a range of geomorphic features including meanders, bars and dunes in sand bed streams. Twenty cases were examined with 5 degrees of river meandering. Each meandering river model was run initially without any small topographic features. Models were run again after superimposing only bars and then only dunes, and then run a final time after including all scales of topographic features. This allowed us to investigate the relative importance and interactions between flows induced by different scales of topography. We found that dunes typically contributed more to hyporheic exchange than bars and meanders. Furthermore, our simulations show that the volume of water exchanged and the distributions of hyporheic residence times resulting from various scales of topographic features are close to, but not linearly additive. These findings can potentially be used to develop scaling laws for hyporheic flow that can be widely applied in streams and rivers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wrcr.20400","usgsCitation":"Stonedahl, S.H., Harvey, J.W., and Packman, A., 2013, Interactions between hyporheic flow produced by stream meanders, bars, and dunes: Water Resources Research, v. 49, no. 9, p. 5450-5461, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20400.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"5450","endPage":"5461","ipdsId":"IP-049233","costCenters":[{"id":628,"text":"Water Resources Discipline","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280485,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20400"}],"volume":"49","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd62c4e4b0b290850fe642","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stonedahl, Susa H.","contributorId":66145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonedahl","given":"Susa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Packman, Aaron I.","contributorId":15092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packman","given":"Aaron I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70059283,"text":"70059283 - 2013 - Morphometric variation among spawning cisco aggregations in the Laurentian Great Lakes: are historic forms still present?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-20T11:11:24","indexId":"70059283","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-19T10:58:48","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":656,"text":"Advances in Limnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphometric variation among spawning cisco aggregations in the Laurentian Great Lakes: are historic forms still present?","docAbstract":"Cisco (Coregonus artedi Leseur, formerly lake herring Leucichthys artedi Leseur) populations in each of the Laurentian Great Lakes collapsed between the late 1920s and early 1960s following a multitude of stressors, and never recovered in Lakes Michigan, Erie and Ontario. Prior to their collapse, Koelz (1929) studied Leucichthys spp. in the Great Lakes basin and provided a description of their diversity. Three cisco morphotypes were described; a ‘slim terete’morphotype (L. artedi artedi), a ‘deep compressed’ morphotype (L. artedi albus), and a deep-bodied form resembling tullibee in western Canadian lakes (L. artedi manitoulinus). Based on body measurements of 159 individuals (Koelz 1929), we used discriminant function analysis (DFA) to discriminate historic morphotypes. Shapes of historic morphotypes were found to vary significantly (Pillai’s trace = 1.16, P < 0.0001). The final DFA model used nine body measurements and correctly classified 90% of the historic cisco. Important discriminating measurements included body depth, eye diameter, and dorsal fin base and height. Between October-November of 2007-2011, we sampled cisco from 16 Great Lakes sites collecting digital photographs of over 1, 700 individuals. We applied the DFA model to their body measurements and classified each individual to a morphotype. Contemporary cisco from Lakes Superior, Ontario and Michigan were predominantly classified as artedi, while the most common classifications from northern Lake Huron were albus and manitoulinus. Finding historic morphotypes is encouraging because it suggests that the morphological variation present prior to their collapse still exists. We conclude that contemporary cisco having shapes matching the missing historic morphotypes in the lower lakes warrant special consideration as potential donor populations in reestablishment efforts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Limnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Schweizerbart Science Publishers","doi":"10.1127/1612-166X/2013/0064-0022","usgsCitation":"Yule, D., Moore, S.A., Ebener, M.P., Claramunt, R., Pratt, T., Salawater, L.L., and Connerton, M., 2013, Morphometric variation among spawning cisco aggregations in the Laurentian Great Lakes: are historic forms still present?: Advances in Limnology, v. 64, p. 119-132, https://doi.org/10.1127/1612-166X/2013/0064-0022.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"132","ipdsId":"IP-038761","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280463,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280462,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1612-166X/2013/0064-0022"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan;Lake Erie;Lake Ontario;Lake Huron;Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,41.38 ], [ -92.11,48.85 ], [ -76.3,48.85 ], [ -76.3,41.38 ], [ -92.11,41.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"64","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6837e4b0b29085101e4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yule, Daniel L.","contributorId":92130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Seth A.","contributorId":32490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ebener, Mark P.","contributorId":25099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebener","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12957,"text":"Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":487641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Claramunt, Randall M.","contributorId":19047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claramunt","given":"Randall M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pratt, Thomas C.","contributorId":24672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Salawater, Lorrie L.","contributorId":31298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salawater","given":"Lorrie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Connerton, Michael J.","contributorId":21435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connerton","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70049023,"text":"fs20133058 - 2013 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T16:00:47","indexId":"fs20133058","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-18T11:04:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3058","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Florida, elevation data are critical for natural resources conservation; flood risk management; infrastructure and construction management; coastal zone management; sea level rise and subsidence; wildfire management, planning, and response; and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.</p>\n<p>The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 ifsar data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios.The new 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the OMB Circular A&ndash;16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation&rsquo;s natural and constructed features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133058","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2013, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3058, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133058.","productDescription":"2 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b2c406e4b08e3289f15711","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70059032,"text":"70059032 - 2013 - Crystallization of oxidized, moderately hydrous arc basalt at mid- to lower-crustal pressures: Implications for andesite genesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T08:36:47","indexId":"70059032","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-17T12:08:41","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crystallization of oxidized, moderately hydrous arc basalt at mid- to lower-crustal pressures: Implications for andesite genesis","docAbstract":"This study focuses on the production of convergent margin calc-alkaline andesites by crystallization–differentiation of basaltic magmas in the lower to middle crust. Previous experimental studies show that dry, reduced, subalkaline basalts differentiate to tholeiitic (high Fe/Mg) daughter liquids, but the influences of H<sub>2</sub>O and oxidation on differentiation are less well established. Accordingly, we performed crystallization experiments at controlled oxidized fO<sub>2</sub> (Re–ReO<sub>2</sub> ≈ ΔNi–NiO + 2) on a relatively magnesian basalt (8.7 wt% MgO) typical of mafic magmas erupted in the Cascades near Mount Rainier, Washington. The basalt was synthesized with 2 wt% H2O and run at 900, 700, and 400 MPa and 1,200 to 950 °C. A broadly clinopyroxenitic crystallization interval dominates near the liquidus at 900 and 700 MPa, consisting of augite + olivine + orthopyroxene + Cr-spinel (in decreasing abundance). With decreasing temperature, plagioclase crystallizes, Fe–Ti-oxide replaces spinel, olivine dissolves, and finally amphibole appears, producing gabbroic and then amphibole gabbroic crystallization stages. Enhanced plagioclase stability at lower pressure narrows the clinopyroxenitic interval and brings the gabbroic interval toward the liquidus. Liquids at 900 MPa track along Miyashiro’s (Am J Sci 274(4):321–355, 1974) tholeiitic versus calc-alkaline boundary, whereas those at 700 and 400 MPa become calc-alkaline at silica contents ≥56 wt%. This difference is chiefly due to higher temperature appearance of magnetite (versus spinel) at lower pressures. Although the evolved liquids are similar in many respects to common calc-alkaline andesites, the 900 and 700 MPa liquids differ in having low CaO concentrations due to early and abundant crystallization of augite, with the result that those liquids become peraluminous (ASI: molar Al/(Na + K + 2Ca) > 1) at ≥61 wt% SiO<sub>2</sub>, similar to liquids reported in other studies of the high-pressure crystallization of hydrous basalts (Müntener and Ulmer in Geophys Res Lett 33(21):L21308, 2006). The lower-pressure liquids (400 MPa) have this same trait, but to a lesser extent due to more abundant near-liquidus plagioclase crystallization. A compilation of >6,500 analyses of igneous rocks from the Cascades and the Sierra Nevada batholith, representative of convergent margin (arc) magmas, shows that ASI increases continuously and linearly with SiO2 from basalts to rhyolites or granites and that arc magmas are not commonly peraluminous until SiO<sub>2</sub> exceeds 69 wt%. These relations are consistent with plagioclase accompanying mafic silicates over nearly all the range of crystallization (or remelting). The scarcity of natural peraluminous andesites shows that progressive crystallization–differentiation of primitive basalts in the deep crust, producing early clinopyroxenitic cumulates and evolved liquids, does not dominate the creation of intermediate arc magmas or of the continental crust. Instead, mid- to upper-crustal differentiation and/or open-system processes are critical to the production of intermediate arc magmas. Primary among the open-system processes may be extraction of highly evolved (granitic, rhyolitic) liquids at advanced degrees of basalt solidification (or incipient partial melting of predecessor gabbroic intrusions) and mixing of such liquids into replenishing basalts. Furthermore, if the andesitic-composition continents derived from basaltic sources, the arc ASI–SiO<sub>2</sub> relation shows that the mafic component returned to the mantle was gabbroic in composition, not pyroxenitic.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00410-013-0920-3","usgsCitation":"Blatter, D., Sisson, T.W., and Hankins, W., 2013, Crystallization of oxidized, moderately hydrous arc basalt at mid- to lower-crustal pressures: Implications for andesite genesis: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 166, no. 3, p. 861-886, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-013-0920-3.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"861","endPage":"886","ipdsId":"IP-048906","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"166","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5394e4b0b290850f5397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blatter, Dawnika L.","contributorId":23427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blatter","given":"Dawnika L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hankins, W. Ben 0000-0001-9881-9468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9881-9468","contributorId":28618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hankins","given":"W. Ben","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":487442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70058769,"text":"70058769 - 2013 - Differential preservation in the geologic record of intraoceanic arc sedimentary and tectonic processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-17T10:17:40","indexId":"70058769","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-17T10:06:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential preservation in the geologic record of intraoceanic arc sedimentary and tectonic processes","docAbstract":"Records of ancient intraoceanic arc activity, now preserved in continental suture zones, are commonly used to reconstruct paleogeography and plate motion, and to understand how continental crust is formed, recycled, and maintained through time. However, interpreting tectonic and sedimentary records from ancient terranes after arc–continent collision is complicated by preferential preservation of evidence for some arc processes and loss of evidence for others. In this synthesis we examine what is lost, and what is preserved, in the translation from modern processes to the ancient record of intraoceanic arcs.\n\nComposition of accreted arc terranes differs as a function of arc–continent collision geometry. ‘Forward-facing’ collision can accrete an oceanic arc on to either a passive or an active continental margin, with the arc facing the continent and colliding trench- and forearc-side first. In a ‘backward-facing’ collision, involving two subduction zones with similar polarity, the arc collides backarc-first with an active continental margin. The preservation of evidence for contemporary sedimentary and tectonic arc processes in the geologic record depends greatly on how well the various parts of the arc survive collision and orogeny in each case.\n\nPreservation of arc terranes likely is biased towards those that were in a state of tectonic accretion for tens of millions of years before collision, rather than tectonic erosion. The prevalence of tectonic erosion in modern intraoceanic arcs implies that valuable records of arc processes are commonly destroyed even before the arc collides with a continent. Arc systems are most likely to undergo tectonic accretion shortly before forward-facing collision with a continent, and thus most forearc and accretionary-prism material in ancient arc terranes likely is temporally biased toward the final stages of arc activity, when sediment flux to the trench was greatest and tectonic accretion prevailed. Collision geometry and tectonic erosion vs. accretion are important controls on the ultimate survival of material from the trench, forearc, arc massif, intra-arc basins, and backarc basins, and thus on how well an ancient arc terrane preserves evidence for tectonic processes such as subduction of aseismic ridges and seamounts, oblique plate convergence, and arc rifting. Forward-facing collision involves substantial recycling, melting, and fractionation of continent-derived material during and after collision, and so produces melts rich in silica and incompatible trace elements. As a result, forward-facing collision can drive the composition of accreted arc crust toward that of average continental crust.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth-Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","usgsCitation":"Draut, A., and Clift, P.D., 2013, Differential preservation in the geologic record of intraoceanic arc sedimentary and tectonic processes: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 116, p. 57-84.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"28","ipdsId":"IP-037534","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b172bde4b0d9b3252245e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draut, Amy","contributorId":18792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clift, Peter D.","contributorId":17711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clift","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70058836,"text":"70058836 - 2013 - Characterizing response of total suspended solids and total phosphorus loading to weather and watershed characteristics for rainfall and snowmelt events in agricultural watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-17T09:32:07","indexId":"70058836","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-17T09:20:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing response of total suspended solids and total phosphorus loading to weather and watershed characteristics for rainfall and snowmelt events in agricultural watersheds","docAbstract":"Understanding the response of total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP) to influential weather and watershed variables is critical in the development of sediment and nutrient reduction plans. In this study, rainfall and snowmelt event loadings of TSS and TP were analyzed for eight agricultural watersheds in Wisconsin, with areas ranging from 14 to 110 km2 and having four to twelve years of data available. The data showed that a small number of rainfall and snowmelt runoff events accounted for the majority of total event loading. The largest 10% of the loading events for each watershed accounted for 73–97% of the total TSS load and 64–88% of the total TP load. More than half of the total annual TSS load was transported during a single event for each watershed at least one of the monitored years. Rainfall and snowmelt events were both influential contributors of TSS and TP loading. TSS loading contributions were greater from rainfall events at five watersheds, from snowmelt events at two watersheds, and nearly equal at one watershed. The TP loading contributions were greater from rainfall events at three watersheds, from snowmelt events at two watersheds and nearly equal at three watersheds. Stepwise multivariate regression models for TSS and TP event loadings were developed separately for rainfall and snowmelt runoff events for each individual watershed and for all watersheds combined by using a suite of precipitation, melt, temperature, seasonality, and watershed characteristics as predictors. All individual models and the combined model for rainfall events resulted in two common predictors as most influential for TSS and TP. These included rainfall depth and the antecedent baseflow. Using these two predictors alone resulted in an R<sup>2</sup> greater than 0.7 in all but three individual models and 0.61 or greater for all individual models. The combined model yielded an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.66 for TSS and 0.59 for TP. Neither the individual nor the combined models were substantially improved by using additional predictors. Snowmelt event models were statistically significant for individual and combined watershed models, but the model fits were not all as good as those for rainfall events (R<sup>2</sup> between 0.19 and 0.87). Predictor selection varied from watershed to watershed, and the common variables that were selected were not always selected in the same order. Influential variables were commonly direct measures of moisture in the watershed such as snowmelt, rainfall + snowmelt, and antecedent baseflow, or measures of potential snowmelt volume in the watershed such as air temperature.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.09.038","usgsCitation":"Danz, M., Corsi, S., Brooks, W.R., and Bannerman, R.T., 2013, Characterizing response of total suspended solids and total phosphorus loading to weather and watershed characteristics for rainfall and snowmelt events in agricultural watersheds: Journal of Hydrology, v. 507, p. 249-261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.09.038.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"261","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-045989","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280353,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280312,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.09.038"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.8894,42.4919 ], [ -92.8894,47.0807 ], [ -86.764,47.0807 ], [ -86.764,42.4919 ], [ -92.8894,42.4919 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"507","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b172bae4b0d9b3252245c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danz, Mari E. medanz@usgs.gov","contributorId":3349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danz","given":"Mari E.","email":"medanz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corsi, Steven","contributorId":106002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"Steven","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, Wesley R. wrbrooks@usgs.gov","contributorId":4217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Wesley","email":"wrbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bannerman, Roger T. 0000-0001-9221-2905 rbannerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9221-2905","contributorId":5560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bannerman","given":"Roger","email":"rbannerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70058768,"text":"70058768 - 2013 - Assessing grain-size correspondence between flow and deposits of controlled floods in the Colorado River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-17T09:18:34","indexId":"70058768","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-17T09:13:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing grain-size correspondence between flow and deposits of controlled floods in the Colorado River, USA","docAbstract":"Flood-deposited sediment has been used to decipher environmental parameters such as variability in watershed sediment supply, paleoflood hydrology, and channel morphology. It is not well known, however, how accurately the deposits reflect sedimentary processes within the flow, and hence what sampling intensity is needed to decipher records of recent or long-past conditions. We examine these problems using deposits from dam-regulated floods in the Colorado River corridor through Marble Canyon–Grand Canyon, Arizona, U.S.A., in which steady-peaked floods represent a simple end-member case. For these simple floods, most deposits show inverse grading that reflects coarsening suspended sediment (a result of fine-sediment-supply limitation), but there is enough eddy-scale variability that some profiles show normal grading that did not reflect grain-size evolution in the flow as a whole. To infer systemwide grain-size evolution in modern or ancient depositional systems requires sampling enough deposit profiles that the standard error of the mean of grain-size-change measurements becomes small relative to the magnitude of observed changes. For simple, steady-peaked floods, 5–10 profiles or fewer may suffice to characterize grain-size trends robustly, but many more samples may be needed from deposits with greater variability in their grain-size evolution.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/jsr.2013.79","usgsCitation":"Draut, A., and Rubin, D.M., 2013, Assessing grain-size correspondence between flow and deposits of controlled floods in the Colorado River, USA: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 83, no. 11, p. 962-973, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2013.79.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"962","endPage":"973","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-051517","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280351,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2013.79"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,32.49 ], [ -114.82,40.43 ], [ -105.82,40.43 ], [ -105.82,32.49 ], [ -114.82,32.49 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"83","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b172b8e4b0d9b3252245bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draut, Amy","contributorId":18792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70058838,"text":"70058838 - 2013 - Assaying environmental nickel toxicity using model nematodes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:23:09","indexId":"70058838","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-16T15:31:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assaying environmental nickel toxicity using model nematodes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although nickel exposure results in allergic reactions, respiratory conditions, and cancer in humans and rodents, the ramifications of excess nickel in the environment for animal and human health remain largely undescribed. Nickel and other cationic metals travel through waterways and bind to soils and sediments. To evaluate the potential toxic effects of nickel at environmental contaminant levels (8.9-7,600 µg Ni/g dry weight of sediment and 50-800 µg NiCl</span><sub>2</sub><span>/L of water), we conducted assays using two cosmopolitan nematodes, </span><i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i><span> and </span><i>Pristionchus pacificus</i><span>. We assayed the effects of both sediment-bound and aqueous nickel upon animal growth, developmental survival, lifespan, and fecundity. Uncontaminated sediments were collected from sites in the Midwestern United States and spiked with a range of nickel concentrations. We found that nickel-spiked sediment substantially impairs both survival from larval to adult stages and adult longevity in a concentration-dependent manner. Further, while aqueous nickel showed no adverse effects on either survivorship or longevity, we observed a significant decrease in fecundity, indicating that aqueous nickel could have a negative impact on nematode physiology. Intriguingly, </span><i>C. elegans</i><span>and </span><i>P. pacificus</i><span> exhibit similar, but not identical, responses to nickel exposure. Moreover, </span><i>P. pacificus</i><span> could be tested successfully in sediments inhospitable to </span><i>C. elegans</i><span>. Our results add to a growing body of literature documenting the impact of nickel on animal physiology, and suggest that environmental toxicological studies could gain an advantage by widening their repertoire of nematode species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0077079","usgsCitation":"Rudel, D., Douglas, C., Huffnagle, I., Besser, J.M., and Ingersoll, C.G., 2013, Assaying environmental nickel toxicity using model nematodes: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 10, e77079; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077079.","productDescription":"e77079; 17 p.","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-042421","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077079","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280340,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077079"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.09,36.70 ], [ -94.09,48.02 ], [ -82.00,48.02 ], [ -82.00,36.70 ], [ -94.09,36.70 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b020dee4b0242fceec847e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rudel, David","contributorId":12181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudel","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, Chandler","contributorId":27777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"Chandler","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huffnagle, Ian","contributorId":53279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffnagle","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Besser, John M. 0000-0002-9464-2244 jbesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-2244","contributorId":2073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"John","email":"jbesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70058846,"text":"70058846 - 2013 - Virulence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) genotypes Ia, IVa, IVb, and IVc in five fish species.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T15:16:49","indexId":"70058846","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-16T14:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Virulence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) genotypes Ia, IVa, IVb, and IVc in five fish species.","docAbstract":"<p>The susceptibility of yellow perch <i>Perca flavescens</i>, rainbow trout <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>, Chinook salmon <i>O. tshawytscha</i>, koi <i>Cyprinus carpio koi</i>, and Pacific herring <i>Clupea pallasii</i> to 4 strains of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was assessed. Fish were challenged via intraperitoneal injection with high (1 &times; 10<sup>6</sup> plaque-forming units, PFU) and low (1 &times; 10<sup>3</sup> PFU) doses of a European strain (genotype Ia), and North American strains from the West coast (genotype IVa), Great Lakes (genotype IVb), and the East coast (genotype IVc). Pacific herring were exposed to the same VHSV strains, but at a single dose of 5 &times; 10<sup>3</sup> PFU ml<sup>-1</sup> by immersion in static seawater. Overall, yellow perch were the most susceptible, with cumulative percent mortality (CPM) ranging from 84 to 100%, and 30 to 93% in fish injected with high or low doses of virus, respectively. Rainbow trout and Chinook salmon experienced higher mortalities (47 to 98% CPM) after exposure to strain Ia than to the other virus genotypes. Pacific herring were most susceptible to strain IVa with an average CPM of 80% and moderately susceptible (42 to 52% CPM) to the other genotypes. Koi had very low susceptibility (&le;5.0% CPM) to all 4 VHSV strains. Fish tested at 7 d post challenge were positive for all virus strains, with yellow perch having the highest prevalence and concentrations of virus, and koi the lowest. While genotype Ia had higher virulence in salmonid species, there was little difference in virulence or host-specificity between isolates from subtypes IVa, IVb, and IVc. &nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","doi":"10.3354/dao02671","usgsCitation":"Emmenegger, E.J., Moon, C., Hershberger, P., and Kurath, G., 2013, Virulence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) genotypes Ia, IVa, IVb, and IVc in five fish species.: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 107, no. 2, p. 99-111, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02671.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"111","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-048821","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488157,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02671","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280339,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b02120e4b0242fceec8599","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emmenegger, Eveline J. 0000-0001-5217-6030 eemmenegger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5217-6030","contributorId":2434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmenegger","given":"Eveline","email":"eemmenegger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moon, Chang Hoon","contributorId":80176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moon","given":"Chang Hoon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hershberger, Paul K. phershberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul K.","email":"phershberger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70058711,"text":"ofr20131290 - 2013 - Evaluation of the behavior and movement patterns of adult coho salmon and steelhead in the North Fork Toutle River, Washington, 2005-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-19T08:47:32","indexId":"ofr20131290","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-16T11:29:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1290","title":"Evaluation of the behavior and movement patterns of adult coho salmon and steelhead in the North Fork Toutle River, Washington, 2005-2009","docAbstract":"<p>The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens severely affected the North Fork Toutle River (hereafter Toutle River), Washington, and threatened anadromous salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations in the basin. The Toutle River was further affected in 1989 when a sediment retention structure (SRS) was constructed to trap sediments in the upper basin. The SRS completely blocked upstream volitional passage, so a fish collection facility (FCF) was constructed to trap adult coho salmon (O. kisutch) and steelhead (O. mykiss) so they could be transported upstream of the SRS. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) has operated a trap-and-haul program since 1989 to transport coho salmon and steelhead into tributaries of the Toutle River, upstream of the SRS. Although this program has allowed wild coho salmon and steelhead populations to persist in the Toutle River basin, the trap-andhaul program has faced many challenges that may be limiting the effectiveness of the program. We conducted a multi-year evaluation during 2005–2009 to monitor tagged fish in the upper Toutle River to provide information on the movements and behavior of adult coho salmon and steelhead, and to evaluate the efficacy of the FCF. Radio-tagged coho salmon and steelhead were released: (1) in Toutle River tributaries to evaluate the behavior and movements of fish released as part of the trap-and-haul program; (2) between the FCF and SRS to determine if volitional upstream passage through the SRS spillway was possible; (3) in the sediment plain upstream of the SRS to determine if volitional passage through the sediment plain was possible; and (4) downstream of the FCF to evaluate the efficacy of the structure. We also deployed an acoustic camera in the FCF to monitor fish movements near the entrance to the FCF, and in the fish holding vault where coho salmon and steelhead are trapped.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A total of 20 radio-tagged coho salmon and 10 radio-tagged steelhead were released into Alder and Hoffstadt Creeks, the locations where trap-and-haul fish were released during 2005–2006. None of the tagged fish left the tributaries where they were released, but four radio tags were detected near the release sites, and it was not possible to determine if this was because the transmitters were regurgitated, or if some of the tagged fish had died. The results from this portion of the study indicated that trap-and-haul fish remain in the tributaries where they can spawn, but the trap-and-haul process is labor-intensive, and handling stress and mortality could occur.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Tagged-fish releases upstream of the FCF showed that the SRS spillway was a complete migration barrier for all coho salmon and most steelhead. We released a total of 20 radio-tagged coho salmon and 23 radio-tagged steelhead during 2005–2007. No tagged coho salmon passed upstream through the SRS spillway, whereas 13 percent of the radio-tagged steelhead did migrate upstream through the structure. Radio-tagged coho salmon and steelhead that did not pass upstream remained in the FCF–SRS reach for an average of 7.5 and 16.1 d, respectively, before moving downstream. These data show that trap-and-haul releases of fish immediately upstream of the FCF would not be beneficial to coho salmon and steelhead populations in the system.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Releasing tagged fish into the sediment plain was only moderately successful for coho salmon,\nbut a large percentage of tagged steelhead moved upstream through the sediment plain to areas where\nspawning could presumably occur. During 2005–2009, we released 47 tagged coho salmon and 65\ntagged steelhead into the sediment plain. Only 28 percent of the coho salmon were later detected\nupstream of the sediment plain, and the highest percentage of the release group (62 percent) never left\nthe sediment plain. However, 69 percent of the steelhead moved upstream through the sediment plain\nand entered Toutle River tributaries or remained in the mainstem Toutle River where spawning could\npresumably occur. Adult steelhead can survive freshwater spawning, outmigrate to the ocean, and then\nreturn to spawn in successive years; 12 percent of the tagged steelhead successfully moved downstream\nof the FCF after the spawning period, and 5 percent of the tagged steelhead returned to the FCF a year\nafter they were originally tagged.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Evaluations at the FCF showed that the structure was not efficient at collecting adult salmon.\nDuring 2008–2009, 9 radio-tagged coho salmon and 11 radio-tagged steelhead were released to observe\nbehavior near the facility and to estimate the recapture rate in the FCF. None of the tagged coho salmon\nwere recaptured and only 27 percent of the tagged steelhead were recaptured. Additionally, we observed\nfish behavior at the FCF with an acoustic camera and found that relatively large numbers (>100\nfish/sampling period) of adult salmon entered the FCF but similar numbers of fish exited during these\nperiods as well. This suggested that the efficacy of the FCF was low.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Our study was limited by the number of fish that could be handled each year and the number of\ntransmitters that could be purchased annually, but our evaluations provided the first empirical data on\nadult salmon behavior and movement patterns in the Toutle River since the 1980 eruption of Mount St.\nHelens. Since the completion of this work, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has altered the SRS\nspillway and sediment plain; however, our results do provide information to assist fishery managers\ntasked with the complex management of wild salmon populations in the Toutle River. Future\nevaluations of juvenile and adult salmon behavior and movement likely will be required to effectively\nmanage these populations in this complex system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131290","usgsCitation":"Liedtke, T.L., Kock, T.J., and Rondorf, D.W., 2013, Evaluation of the behavior and movement patterns of adult coho salmon and steelhead in the North Fork Toutle River, Washington, 2005-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1290, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131290.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050770","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131290.JPG"},{"id":280325,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1290/pdf/ofr2013-1290.pdf"},{"id":280324,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1290/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Toutle River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.385782,46.240798 ], [ -122.385782,46.28767 ], [ -122.182554,46.28767 ], [ -122.182554,46.240798 ], [ -122.385782,46.240798 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b0211ee4b0242fceec857d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, Dennis W. drondorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"Dennis","email":"drondorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70049017,"text":"sir20135181 - 2013 - Hydrology and water quality of Shell Lake, Washburn County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of diversion and changes in water level on the water quality of a shallow terminal lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:17:35","indexId":"sir20135181","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-16T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5181","title":"Hydrology and water quality of Shell Lake, Washburn County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of diversion and changes in water level on the water quality of a shallow terminal lake","docAbstract":"<p>Shell Lake is a relatively shallow terminal lake (tributaries but no outlets) in northwestern Wisconsin that has experienced approximately 10 feet (ft) of water-level fluctuation over more than 70 years of record and extensive flooding of nearshore areas starting in the early 2000s. The City of Shell Lake (City) received a permit from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources in 2002 to divert water from the lake to a nearby river in order to lower water levels and reduce flooding. Previous studies suggested that water-level fluctuations were driven by long-term cycles in precipitation, evaporation, and runoff, although questions about the lake&rsquo;s connection with the groundwater system remained. The permit required that the City evaluate assumptions about lake/groundwater interactions made in previous studies and evaluate the effects of the water diversion on water levels in Shell Lake and other nearby lakes. Therefore, a cooperative study between the City and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was initiated to improve the understanding of the hydrogeology of the area and evaluate potential effects of the diversion on water levels in Shell Lake, the surrounding groundwater system, and nearby lakes. Concerns over deteriorating water quality in the lake, possibly associated with changes in water level, prompted an additional cooperative project between the City and the USGS to evaluate efeffects of changes in nutrient loading associated with changes in water levels on the water quality of Shell Lake. Numerical models were used to evaluate how the hydrology and water quality responded to diversion of water from the lake and historical changes in the watershed. The groundwater-flow model MODFLOW was used to simulate groundwater movement in the area around Shell Lake, including groundwater/surface-water interactions. Simulated results from the MODFLOW model indicate that groundwater flows generally northward in the area around Shell Lake, with flow locally converging toward the lake. Total groundwater inflow to Shell Lake is small (approximately 5 percent of the water budget) compared with water entering the lake from precipitation (83 percent) and surface-water runoff (13 percent). The MODFLOW model also was used to simulate average annual hydrologic conditions from 1949 to 2009, including effects of the removal of 3 billion gallons of water during 2003&ndash;5. The maximum decline in simulated average annual water levels for Shell Lake due to the diversion alone was 3.3 ft at the end of the diversion process in 2005. Model simulations also indicate that although water level continued to decline through 2009 in response to local weather patterns (local drought), the effects of the diversion decreased after the diversion ceased; that is, after 4 years of recovery (2006&ndash;9), drawdown attributable to the diversion alone decreased by about 0.6 ft because of increased groundwater inflow and decreased lake-water outflow to groundwater caused by the artificially lower lake level. A delayed response in drawdown of less than 0.5 ft was transmitted through the groundwater-flow system to upgradient lakes. This relatively small effect on upgradient lakes is attributed in part to extensive layers of shallow clay that limit lake/groundwater interaction in the area. Data collected in the lake indicated that Shell Lake is polymictic (characterized by frequent deep mixing) and that its productivity is limited by the amount of phosphorus in the lake. The lake was typically classified as oligotrophic-mesotrophic in June, mesotrophic in July, and mesotrophic-eutrophic in August. In polymictic lakes like Shell Lake, phosphorus released from the sediments is not trapped near the bottom of the lake but is intermittently released to the shallow water, resulting in deteriorating water quality as summer progresses. Because the productivity of Shell Lake is limited by phosphorus, the sources of phosphorus to the lake were quantified, and the response in water quality to changes in phosphorus inputs were evaluated by means of eutrophication models. During 2009, the total input of phosphorus to Shell Lake was 1,730 pounds (lb), of which 1,320 lb came from external sources (76 percent) and 414 lb came from internal loading from sediments in the lake (24 percent). The largest external source was from surface-water runoff, which delivered about 52 percent of the total phosphorus load compared with about 13 percent of the water input. The second largest source was from precipitation (wetfall and dryfall), which delivered 19 percent of the load compared to about 83 percent of the water input. Contributions from septic systems and groundwater accounted for about 3 and 2 percent, respectively. Increased runoff raises water levels in the lake but does not necessarily increase phosphorus loading because phosphorus concentrations in the tributaries decline during increased flow, possibly because of shorter retention times in upstream wetlands. Phosphorus loading to the lake in 2009 represented what occurred after a series of dry years; therefore, this information was combined with data from 2011, a wet year, to estimate phosphorus loading during a range of hydrologic conditions by estimating loading from each component of the phosphorus budget for each year from 1949 to 2011. Comparisons of historical water-quality records with historical water levels and applications of a hydrodynamic model (Dynamic Lake Model, DLM) and empirical eutrophication models were used to understand how changes in water level and the coinciding changes in phosphorus loading affect the water quality of Shell Lake. DLM simulations indicate that large changes in water level (approximately 10 ft) affect the persistence of stratification in the lake. During periods with low water levels, the lake is a well-mixed, polymictic system, with water quality degrading slightly as summer progresses. During periods with high water levels, the lake is more stratified, and phosphorus from internal loading is trapped in the hypolimnion and released later in summer, which results in more extreme seasonality in water quality and better clarity in early summer. Results of eutrophication model simulations using a range in external phosphorus inputs illustrate how water quality in Shell Lake (phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations and Secchi depths) responds to changes in external phosphorus loading. Results indicate that a 50-percent reduction in external loading from that measured in 2009 would be required to change phosphorus concentrations from 0.018 milligram per liter (mg/L) (measured in 2009) to 0.012 mg/L (estimated for the mid-1800s from analysis of diatoms in sediment cores). Such reductions in phosphorus loading cannot be accomplished by targeting septic systems or internal loading alone because septic systems contribute only about 3 percent of the phosphorus input to the lake, and internal loading from the sediments of Shell Lake contributes only about 25 percent of phosphorus input. Complete elimination of phosphorus from septic systems and internal loading would decrease the phosphorus concentrations in the lake by 0.003&ndash;0.004 mg/L. Therefore, reducing phosphorus concentration in the lake more than by 0.004 mg/L requires decreasing phosphorus loading from surface-water contributions, primarily runoff to the lake. Reconstructed changes in water quality from 1860 to 2010, based on changes in the diatom communities archived in the sediments and eutrophication model simulations, suggest that anthropogenic changes in the watershed (sawmill construction in 1881; the establishment of the village of Shell Lake; and land-use changes in the 1920s, including increased agriculture) had a much larger effect on water quality than the natural changes associated with fluctuations in water level. Although the effects of natural changes in water level on water quality appear to be small, changes in water level do have a modest effect on water quality, primarily manifested as small improvements during higher water levels. Fluctuations in water level, however, have a larger effect on the seasonality of water-quality patterns, with better water quality, especially increased Secchi depths, in early summer during years with high water levels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135181","collaboration":"In cooperation with the City of Shell Lake, Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Juckem, P.F., and Robertson, D.M., 2013, Hydrology and water quality of Shell Lake, Washburn County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of diversion and changes in water level on the water quality of a shallow terminal lake: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5181, Report: x, 77 p.; Appendix 1: PDF file; Appendix 2: PDF file, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135181.","productDescription":"Report: x, 77 p.; Appendix 1: PDF file; Appendix 2: PDF file","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045912","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280323,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135181.jpg"},{"id":280321,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5181/pdf/sir2013-5181_appendix1.pdf"},{"id":280322,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5181/pdf/sir2013-5181_appendix2.pdf"},{"id":280320,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5181/pdf/sir2013-5181.pdf"},{"id":280319,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5181/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Washburn County","otherGeospatial":"Shell Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.94286346435547,\n              45.75506798173109\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.86355590820312,\n              45.75530752680575\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.86424255371094,\n              45.70881653205482\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.89960479736327,\n              45.7066587939899\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.9068145751953,\n              45.70929601809127\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.94252014160156,\n              45.70953575956707\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.94286346435547,\n              45.75506798173109\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b0211fe4b0242fceec8584","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juckem, Paul F. 0000-0002-3613-1761 pfjuckem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3613-1761","contributorId":1905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juckem","given":"Paul","email":"pfjuckem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70168902,"text":"70168902 - 2013 - Detectability of thermal signatures associated with active formation of ‘chaos terrain’ on Europa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-07T16:02:36","indexId":"70168902","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-15T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detectability of thermal signatures associated with active formation of ‘chaos terrain’ on Europa","docAbstract":"<p>A recent study by Schmidt et al. (2011) suggests that Thera Macula, one of the &ldquo;chaos regions&rdquo; on Europa, may be actively forming over a large liquid water lens. Such a process could conceivably produce a thermal anomaly detectable by a future Europa orbiter or flyby mission, allowing for a direct verification of this finding. Here, we present a set of models that quantitatively assess the surface and subsurface temperatures associated with an actively resurfacing chaos region using constraints from Thera Macula. The results of this numerical study suggest that the surface temperature over an active chaos region can be as high as &sim;200 K. However, low-resolution Galileo Photo-Polarimeter Radiometer (PPR) observations indicate temperatures below 120 K over Thera Macula. This suggests that Thera Macula is not currently active unless an insulating layer of at least a few centimeters in thickness is present, or activity is confined to small regions, reducing the overall intensity of the thermal signature. Alternatively, Thera may have been cooling for at least 10&ndash;100 yr and still contain a subsurface lake, which can take &sim;300,000 yr to crystallize. According to the present study, a more sensitive instrument capable of detecting anomalies &sim;5 K above ambient could detect activity at Thera Macula even if an insulating layer of &sim;50 cm is present.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2013.09.027","usgsCitation":"Abramov, O., Rathbun, J., Schmidt, B.E., and Spencer, J.R., 2013, Detectability of thermal signatures associated with active formation of ‘chaos terrain’ on Europa: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 384, p. 37-41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.09.027.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042686","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318669,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europa","volume":"384","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56deb441e4b015c306fb89b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abramov, Oleg oabramov@usgs.gov","contributorId":604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abramov","given":"Oleg","email":"oabramov@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathbun, J.","contributorId":9814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, Britney E.","contributorId":167380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Britney","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spencer, John R.","contributorId":167381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spencer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70056023,"text":"ofr20131277 - 2013 - Transient simulation of groundwater levels within a sandbar of the Colorado River, Marble Canyon, Arizona, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-13T11:20:31","indexId":"ofr20131277","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-13T11:14:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1277","title":"Transient simulation of groundwater levels within a sandbar of the Colorado River, Marble Canyon, Arizona, 2004","docAbstract":"Seepage erosion and mass failure of emergent sandy deposits along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, are a function of the elevation of groundwater in the sandbar, fluctuations in river stage, the exfiltration of water from the bar face, and the slope of the bar face. In this study, a generalized three-dimensional numerical model was developed to predict the time-varying groundwater level, within the bar face region of a freshly deposited eddy sandbar, as a function of river stage. Model verification from two transient simulations demonstrates the ability of the model to predict groundwater levels within the onshore portion of the sandbar face across a range of conditions. Use of this generalized model is applicable across a range of typical eddy sandbar deposits in diverse settings. The ability to predict the groundwater level at the onshore end of the sandbar face is essential for both physical and numerical modeling efforts focusing on the erosion and mass failure of eddy sandbars downstream of Glen Canyon Dam along the Colorado River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131277","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Sabol, T., and Springer, A., 2013, Transient simulation of groundwater levels within a sandbar of the Colorado River, Marble Canyon, Arizona, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1277, v, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131277.","productDescription":"v, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-037273","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280293,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131277.jpg"},{"id":280291,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1277/"},{"id":280292,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1277/pdf/ofr2013-1277.pdf"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Marble Canyon;Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,35.5 ], [ -114.5,37.5 ], [ -111.0,37.5 ], [ -111.0,35.5 ], [ -114.5,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52ac2c8fe4b004a77d23c4cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sabol, Thomas A.","contributorId":67186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabol","given":"Thomas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Springer, Abraham E.","contributorId":9558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Springer","given":"Abraham E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70155903,"text":"70155903 - 2013 - Petrogenesis of Mount Rainier andesite: Magma flux and geologic controls on the contrasting differentiation styles at stratovolcanoes of the southern Washington Cascades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T16:30:20.939756","indexId":"70155903","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of Mount Rainier andesite: Magma flux and geologic controls on the contrasting differentiation styles at stratovolcanoes of the southern Washington Cascades","docAbstract":"<p>Quaternary Mount Rainier (Washington, USA) of the Cascades magmatic arc consists of porphyritic calc-alkaline andesites and subordinate dacites, with common evidence for mingling and mixing with less evolved magmas encompassing andesites, basaltic andesites, and rarely, basalts. Basaltic andesites and amphibole andesites (spessartites) that erupted from vents at the north foot of the volcano represent some of Mount Rainier’s immediate parents and overlap in composition with regional basalts and basaltic andesites. Geochemical (major and trace elements) and isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb, O) compositions of Mount Rainier andesites and dacites are consistent with modest assimilation (typically ≤20 wt%) of evolved sediment or sediment partial melt. Sandstones and shales of the Eocene Puget Group, derived from the continental interior, are exposed in regional anticlines flanking the volcano, and probably underlie it in the middle to lower crust, accounting for their assimilation. Mesozoic and Cenozoic igneous basement rocks are unsuitable as assimilants due to their high<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>143</sup>Nd/<sup>144</sup>Nd, diverse<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup>Pb, and generally high δ<sup>18</sup>O.</p><p>The dominant cause of magmatic evolution at Mount Rainier, however, is inferred to be a version of in situ crystallization-differentiation and mixing (<a class=\"link link-ref xref-bibr\" data-modal-source-id=\"bib39\">Langmuir, 1989</a>) wherein small magma batches stall as crustal intrusions and solidify extensively, yielding silicic residual liquids with trace element concentrations influenced by accessory mineral saturation. Subsequent magmas ascending through the intrusive plexus entrain and mix with the residual liquids and low-degree re-melts of those antecedent intrusions, producing hybrid andesites and dacites. Mount St. Helens volcanic rocks have geochemical similarities to those at Mount Rainier, and may also result from in situ differentiation and mixing due to low and intermittent long-term magma supply, accompanied by modest crustal assimilation. Andesites and dacites of Mount Adams isotopically overlap the least contaminated Mount Rainier magmas and derive from similar parental magma types, but have trace element variations more consistent with progressive crystallization-differentiation, probably due to higher magma fluxes leading to slower crystallization of large magma batches, allowing time for progressive separation of minerals from melt. Mount Adams also sits atop the southern projection of a regional anticlinorium, so Eocene sediments are absent, or are at shallow crustal levels, and so are cold and difficult to assimilate. Differences between southwest Washington stratovolcanoes highlight some ways that crustal geology and magma flux are primary factors in andesite generation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B30852.1","usgsCitation":"Sisson, T.W., Salters, V., and Larson, P., 2013, Petrogenesis of Mount Rainier andesite: Magma flux and geologic controls on the contrasting differentiation styles at stratovolcanoes of the southern Washington Cascades: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 126, no. 1-2, p. 122-144, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30852.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"144","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050703","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascades Mountains, Mount Rainer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.7909917848128,\n              48.4136107903025\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.7909917848128,\n              45.724467276353124\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.87157081022538,\n              45.724467276353124\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.87157081022538,\n              48.4136107903025\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.7909917848128,\n              48.4136107903025\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfbae4b08400b1fe1427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salters, V. J. M.","contributorId":146237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salters","given":"V. J. M.","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, P.B.","contributorId":88729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70058743,"text":"70058743 - 2013 - Functional diversity supports the physiological tolerance hypothesis for plant species richness along climatic gradients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-24T10:53:43","indexId":"70058743","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-12T13:42:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Functional diversity supports the physiological tolerance hypothesis for plant species richness along climatic gradients","docAbstract":"1.  The physiological tolerance hypothesis proposes that plant species richness is highest in warm and/or wet climates because a wider range of functional strategies can persist under such conditions. Functional diversity metrics, combined with statistical modeling, offer new ways to test whether diversity-environment relationships are consistent with this hypothesis.\n\n2.  In a classic study by R. H. Whittaker (1960), herb species richness declined from mesic (cool, moist, northerly) slopes to xeric (hot, dry, southerly) slopes. Building on this dataset, we measured four plant functional traits (plant height, specific leaf area, leaf water content and foliar C:N) and used them to calculate three functional diversity metrics (functional richness, evenness, and dispersion). We then used a structural equation model to ask if ‘functional diversity’ (modeled as the joint responses of richness, evenness, and dispersion) could explain the observed relationship of topographic climate gradients to species richness. We then repeated our model examining the functional diversity of each of the four traits individually.\n\n3.  Consistent with the physiological tolerance hypothesis, we found that functional diversity was higher in more favorable climatic conditions (mesic slopes), and that multivariate functional diversity mediated the relationship of the topographic climate gradient to plant species richness. We found similar patterns for models focusing on individual trait functional diversity of leaf water content and foliar C:N.\n\n4.  Synthesis. Our results provide trait-based support for the physiological tolerance hypothesis, suggesting that benign climates support more species because they allow for a wider range of functional strategies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.12204","usgsCitation":"Spasojevic, M.J., Grace, J.B., Harrison, S., and Damschen, E.I., 2013, Functional diversity supports the physiological tolerance hypothesis for plant species richness along climatic gradients: Journal of Ecology, v. 102, no. 2, p. 447-455, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12204.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"455","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-052487","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12204","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280290,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.12204/pdf"},{"id":280289,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12204"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Siskiyou Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.1625,41.0073 ], [ -123.1625,42.2873 ], [ -121.8825,42.2873 ], [ -121.8825,41.0073 ], [ -123.1625,41.0073 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"102","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5a5ae4b0b290850f94b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spasojevic, Marko J.","contributorId":66582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spasojevic","given":"Marko","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrison, Susan","contributorId":85707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Damschen, Ellen Ingman","contributorId":6177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Damschen","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"Ingman","affiliations":[{"id":16916,"text":"Dept. of Zoology, University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":487331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70125307,"text":"70125307 - 2013 - Comparative microhabitat characteristics at oviposition sites of the California red-legged frog (<i>Rana draytonii</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T15:05:12","indexId":"70125307","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-11T09:56:41","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative microhabitat characteristics at oviposition sites of the California red-legged frog (<i>Rana draytonii</i>)","docAbstract":"We studied the microhabitat characteristics of 747 egg masses of the federally-threatened <i>Rana draytonii</i> (California red-legged frog) at eight sites in California. our study showed that a broad range of aquatic habitats are utilized by ovipositing <i>R. draytonii</i>, including sites with perennial and ephemeral water sources, natural and constructed wetlands, lentic and lotic hydrology, and sites surrounded by protected lands and nested within modified urban areas. We recorded 45 different egg mass attachment types, although the use of only a few types was common at each site. These attachment types ranged from branches and roots of riparian trees, emergent and submergent wetland vegetation, flooded upland grassland/ruderal vegetation, and debris. eggs were deposited in relatively shallow water (mean 39.7 cm) when compared to maximum site depths. We found that most frogs in artificial pond, natural creek, and artificial channel habitats deposited egg masses within one meter of the shore, while egg masses in a seasonal marsh averaged 27.3 m from the shore due to extensive emergent vegetation. <i>Rana draytonii</i> appeared to delay breeding in lotic habitats and in more inland sites compared to lentic habitats and coastal sites. eggs occurred as early as mid-december at a coastal artificial pond and as late as mid-April in an inland natural creek. We speculate that this delay in breeding may represent a method of avoiding high-flow events and/or freezing temperatures. Understanding the factors related to the reproductive needs of this species can contribute to creating, managing, or preserving appropriate habitat, and promoting species recovery.","language":"English","publisher":"Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation","publisherLocation":"Texarkana, TX","usgsCitation":"Alvarez, J.A., Cook, D.G., Yee, J.L., van Hattem, M.G., Fong, D.R., and Fisher, R.N., 2013, Comparative microhabitat characteristics at oviposition sites of the California red-legged frog (<i>Rana draytonii</i>): Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 8, no. 3, p. 539-551.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"551","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-051239","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328988,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/contents_vol8_issue3.html"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195129e4b091c7ffc8e615","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alvarez, Jeff A.","contributorId":102404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, David G.","contributorId":48921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yee, Julie L. 0000-0003-1782-157X julie_yee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-157X","contributorId":3246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"julie_yee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Hattem, Michael G.","contributorId":67022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Hattem","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fong, Darren R.","contributorId":50833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fong","given":"Darren","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70058539,"text":"70058539 - 2013 - Tensor-guided fitting of subduction slab depths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-09T11:15:51","indexId":"70058539","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-09T11:06:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tensor-guided fitting of subduction slab depths","docAbstract":"Geophysical measurements are often acquired at scattered locations in space. Therefore, interpolating or fitting the sparsely sampled data as a uniform function of space (a procedure commonly known as gridding) is a ubiquitous problem in geophysics. Most gridding methods require a model of spatial correlation for data. This spatial correlation model can often be inferred from some sort of secondary information, which may also be sparsely sampled in space. In this paper, we present a new method to model the geometry of a subducting slab in which we use a data‐fitting approach to address the problem. Earthquakes and active‐source seismic surveys provide estimates of depths of subducting slabs but only at scattered locations. In addition to estimates of depths from earthquake locations, focal mechanisms of subduction zone earthquakes also provide estimates of the strikes of the subducting slab on which they occur. We use these spatially sparse strike samples and the Earth’s curved surface geometry to infer a model for spatial correlation that guides a blended neighbor interpolation of slab depths. We then modify the interpolation method to account for the uncertainties associated with the depth estimates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120120333","usgsCitation":"Bazargani, F., and Hayes, G., 2013, Tensor-guided fitting of subduction slab depths: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 103, no. 5, p. 2657-2669, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120333.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2657","endPage":"2669","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-046075","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280228,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120120333"}],"volume":"103","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a717f4e4b0de1a6d2d96ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bazargani, Farhad","contributorId":12773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bazargani","given":"Farhad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}