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This report supplements the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, Information Circular No.9, \"Trends in Ground-Water Levels in Wisconsin through 1966\". It describes, by hydrographs, the ground-water level trends in Wisconsin for the period 1967-1971. All current observation wells with more than three years of record are included; records of observation wells discontinued since 1967 and records of wells with less than three years of record are not included. Explanatory and interpretive material is in Circular 9.

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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56051ee9e4b058f706e51324","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, Robert M.","contributorId":147925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70157472,"text":"70157472 - 1972 - Ground-water quality in Wisconsin through 1972","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T19:39:49","indexId":"70157472","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-09T08:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5596,"text":"Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey Information Circular","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"22","title":"Ground-water quality in Wisconsin through 1972","docAbstract":"

Ground water, a plentiful and largely underdeveloped resource of Wisconsin, has good to excellent chemical quality in most places. This resource is readily available in most parts of the State for municipal, industrial, and rural uses. In 1970, about 0.5 billion gallons of ground water a day was pumped in Wisconsin for all uses (Murray and Reeves, 1972). In addition, underground reservoirs discharge an average of 16 billion gallons per day of water of relatively constant temperature and uniform quality, which maintains the base flow of streams and the level of lakes (Holt, 1964).

","language":"English","publisher":"Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","usgsCitation":"Skinner, E., and Holt, C.L., 1972, Ground-water quality in Wisconsin through 1972: Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey Information Circular 22, 148 p.","productDescription":"148 p.","numberOfPages":"148","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350397,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wgnhs.uwex.edu/pubs/download_ic22/"}],"country":"United 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R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047462,"text":"70047462 - 1972 - Water resources of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56075,"text":"ofr70372 - 1970 - Water resources of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania","indexId":"ofr70372","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047462,"text":"70047462 - 1972 - Water resources of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania","indexId":"70047462","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-06T15:52:43","indexId":"70047462","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T15:44:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":143,"text":"Water Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"31","title":"Water resources of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Lehigh County occupies an area of 347 square miles in southeastern Pennsylvania. The northern part of Lehigh County is underlain by the Martinsburg Formation, which consists chiefly of shale and slate. The central part of the county, where most of the population centers are located and much of the urbanization is occurring, is underlain by alternating beds of limestone and dolomite. From oldest to youngest, these carbonate rocks are the Leithsville Formation, the Allentown Formation, the Beekmantown Group, and the Jacksonburg Formation. The southern part of the county is underlain chiefly by the shales, sandstones, and conglomerates of the Brunswick Formation and by metamorphic and igneous rocks.","language":"English","publisher":"Pennsylvania Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Harrisburg, PA","collaboration":"Prepared by the U. S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Geological Survey and the Lehigh County Soil and Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Wood, C.R., Flippo, H.N., Lescinsky, J.B., and Barker, J.L., 1972, Water resources of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania: Water Resource Report 31, x, 263 p.","productDescription":"x, 263 p.","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276137,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047462.PNG"},{"id":276135,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dcnr_016319.zip"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Lehigh County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.89003,40.419422 ], [ -75.89003,40.786114 ], [ -75.335381,40.786114 ], [ -75.335381,40.419422 ], [ -75.89003,40.419422 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52021aebe4b0e21cafa49cb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Charles R.","contributorId":30259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flippo, Herbert N. Jr.","contributorId":36597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flippo","given":"Herbert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lescinsky, Joseph B.","contributorId":53377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lescinsky","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barker, James L.","contributorId":53000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047461,"text":"70047461 - 1972 - Hydrology of the Martinsburg Formation in Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55926,"text":"ofr69212 - 1969 - Progress report on the hydrology of the Martinsburg Formation in Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania","indexId":"ofr69212","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Progress report on the hydrology of the Martinsburg Formation in Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047461,"text":"70047461 - 1972 - Hydrology of the Martinsburg Formation in Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania","indexId":"70047461","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of the Martinsburg Formation in Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-06T15:37:01","indexId":"70047461","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T15:30:10","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":143,"text":"Water Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"30","title":"Hydrology of the Martinsburg Formation in Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The Martinsburg Formation underlies the northern half of Lehigh and Northampton Counties, and is of Middle and LateOrdovician age. It is bounded on the south by older Ordovician limestone formations and on the north by a ridge-forming conglomerate of Silurian age. Recent mapping has supported a three-part division of the Martinsburg into a lower thin-bedded slate {Bushkill Member), a middle graywacke-bearing unit (Ramseyburg Member), and an upper thick-bedded slate (Pen Argyl Member).","language":"English","publisher":"Pennsylvania Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Harrisburg, PA","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Poth, C.W., 1972, Hydrology of the Martinsburg Formation in Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania: Water Resource Report 30, iv, 52 p.; Map: 1 Sheet.","productDescription":"iv, 52 p.; Map: 1 Sheet","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276134,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047461.PNG"},{"id":276133,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dcnr_016318.zip"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Lehigh County;Northampton County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.0,40.5 ], [ -76.0,41.0 ], [ -75.0,41.0 ], [ -75.0,40.5 ], [ -76.0,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52021ae6e4b0e21cafa49c6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poth, Charles W.","contributorId":80168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poth","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047580,"text":"70047580 - 1972 - Evaporite deposits of Bogota area, Cordillera Oriental, Colombia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20084,"text":"ofr70207 - 1970 - The evaporite deposits of the Bogota area, Cordillera Oriental, Colombia","indexId":"ofr70207","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"The evaporite deposits of the Bogota area, Cordillera Oriental, Colombia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047580,"text":"70047580 - 1972 - Evaporite deposits of Bogota area, Cordillera Oriental, Colombia","indexId":"70047580","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Evaporite deposits of Bogota area, Cordillera Oriental, Colombia"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-31T17:46:06.022842","indexId":"70047580","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T15:10:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaporite deposits of Bogota area, Cordillera Oriental, Colombia","docAbstract":"

Four evaporite-bearing stratigraphic zones are known in Cretaceous strata of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia north and east of Bogota. The easternmost and oldest zone is probably of Berriasian to Valanginian age. The next oldest is probably late Barremian to early Aptian in age. The third appears to be Aptian. The westernmost and best known sequence in the Sabana de Bogota is Turonian to early Coniacian in age. This youngest sequence contains the thickest salt deposits known in Colombia and is probably the most widespread geographically.

Most of the rock salt exposed in the three accessible mines (at Zipaquira, Nemocon, and Upin) has a characteristic lamination of alternating slightly argillaceous and highly argillaceous salt layers of varied but moderate thickness. Black, calcareous claystone, commonly very pyritic, is interbedded conformably with the laminated salt in many places throughout the deposits. Fragments of black claystone derived from the thinner interbeds are ubiquitous in all deposits, both as concordant breccia zones and as isolated clasts.

Anhydrite is scarce at Zipaquira and apparently even rarer at Nemocon and Upin. Gypsum is produced at three small deposits in the oldest evaporite zone where it probably was concentrated by leaching of salt initially associated with it.

The two intervening evaporite zones are not exposed, but their existence and distribution are indicated by brine springs and locally by \"rute,\" a distinctive black, calcareous mud formed by the leaching of salt beds.

Fossils show that the youngest salt-claystone zone, in the Sabana de Bogota, is contemporary with associated hematitic sandstone and siltstone, and with carbonaceous and locally coaly claystone. Although evidence is poor, this same facies relation probably exists within the other three evaporite zones.

All salt deposits in this study probably are associated with anticlines, a relation best exemplified by the deposits on the Sabana de Bogota. Within these anticlines the salt deposits appear to be contained stratigraphically in fault-bound crestal, claystone cores that have not been mobilized over great vertical distances. The deposits of this study are not salt domes.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/819A41FE-16C5-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"McLaughlin, D.H., 1972, Evaporite deposits of Bogota area, Cordillera Oriental, Colombia: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 56, no. 11, p. 2240-2259, https://doi.org/10.1306/819A41FE-16C5-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2240","endPage":"2259","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276548,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Colombia","city":"Bogota","otherGeospatial":"Cordillera Oriental","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.73591768051784,\n 6.43270960214528\n ],\n [\n -75.52600833049453,\n 6.43270960214528\n ],\n [\n -75.52600833049453,\n 2.387732778963965\n ],\n [\n -71.73591768051784,\n 2.387732778963965\n ],\n [\n -71.73591768051784,\n 6.43270960214528\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520a03e8e4b0026c2bc11b15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaughlin, Donald H. Jr.","contributorId":73215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Donald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047772,"text":"70047772 - 1972 - Distribution of copper and other metals in gully sediments of part of Okanogan County, Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8894,"text":"ofr70129 - 1972 - Distribution of copper and other metals in gully sediments of part of Okanogan County, Washington","indexId":"ofr70129","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Distribution of copper and other metals in gully sediments of part of Okanogan County, Washington"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047772,"text":"70047772 - 1972 - Distribution of copper and other metals in gully sediments of part of Okanogan County, Washington","indexId":"70047772","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Distribution of copper and other metals in gully sediments of part of Okanogan County, Washington"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T17:31:40","indexId":"70047772","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T15:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":105,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"65","title":"Distribution of copper and other metals in gully sediments of part of Okanogan County, Washington","docAbstract":"A geochemical exploration program aimed at determining regional patterns of metal distribution as well as pinpointing areas likely to contain undiscovered ore deposits was carried out in north-central Okanogan County, Washington. About 1,000 gully and stream sediment samples were collected from a rectangular area of about 800 square miles. The area includes two contiguous, virtually dormant, mining districts that had yielded nearly $1.4 million in gold, silver, lead, copper, and zinc prior to the end of World War I, mostly from quartz lodes.","language":"English","publisher":"Washington Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"Olympia, Washington","collaboration":"Prepared cooperatively by the United States Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Fox, K.F., and Rinehart, C.D., 1972, Distribution of copper and other metals in gully sediments of part of Okanogan County, Washington: Bulletin 65, v, 38 p.","productDescription":"v, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047772.JPG"},{"id":276913,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.dnr.wa.gov/publications/ger_b65_metals_seds_okanogan_co.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Okanogan County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.8352,47.9408 ], [ -120.8857, 47.9408 ], [ -120.8857, 49.0006 ], [ -118.8352, 49.0006 ], [ -118.8352, 47.9408 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521732e4e4b043bae8d2e5d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fox, Kenneth F. Jr.","contributorId":82269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"Kenneth","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rinehart, C. Dean","contributorId":88326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinehart","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047829,"text":"70047829 - 1972 - Geology and mineral deposits of the Loomis quadrangle, Okanogan County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-26T12:41:48","indexId":"70047829","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T12:32:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":105,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"64","title":"Geology and mineral deposits of the Loomis quadrangle, Okanogan County, Washington","language":"English","publisher":"Washington Division of Mines and Geology","publisherLocation":"Olympia, WA","collaboration":"Prepared cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Rinehart, C., and Fox, K., 1972, Geology and mineral deposits of the Loomis quadrangle, Okanogan County, Washington: Bulletin 64, vii, 124 p.; Map: 1 Sheet.","productDescription":"vii, 124 p.; Map: 1 Sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276997,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047829.gif"},{"id":276996,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30845.htm"}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Okanogan County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.5,48.75 ], [ -119.5,49.0 ], [ -119.75,49.0 ], [ -119.75,48.75 ], [ -119.5,48.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521c78e7e4b01458f7842943","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rinehart, C.D.","contributorId":94310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinehart","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fox, K. F. Jr.","contributorId":46554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"K. 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The sculpture consists of a series of nearly linear ridges and troughs extending radially outward for more than 1000 km from the rim of the Imbrium Basin. The sculpture is particularly well developed in the highlands southwest of the basin, where individual segments have lengths measured in tens of kilometers. THe origin of the ridges and troughs, whether by deposition and impact scoring by fluidized clouds of ejecta from the Imbrium Basin or by faulting and volcanism during and subsequent to basin formation, is controversial. Similar appearing features occur around other large basins on both the near and far sides of the Moon; thus, information leading to a better interpretation of Imbrium sculpture has significance throughout the Moon.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Scott, D.H., 1972, Photogeology: Part G: structural aspects of Imbrium sculpture, chap. of Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315), p. 29-31-29-33.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"29-31","endPage":"29-33","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266603,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/as16psr.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5107ac17e4b0df796f216e7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, David H. 0000-0002-7925-7452 dscott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-7452","contributorId":14415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"David","email":"dscott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70042876,"text":"70042876 - 1972 - Photogeology: Part F: reinterpretations of the northern Nectaris Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-28T11:58:56","indexId":"70042876","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"315","title":"Photogeology: Part F: reinterpretations of the northern Nectaris Basin","docAbstract":"Geologic units of the Nectaris Basin rim have been interpreted as partly impact and partly volcanic in origin (refs. 29-4, 29-21, 29-35, 29-38, and 29-39). An exclusively volcanic origin was proposed for the material in the vicinity of the Apollo 16 landing site, slightly northwest of the Nectaris Basin (ref. 29-36). In view of the dominance of breccia and the paucity of volcanic material in the returned Apollo 16 samples, it now seems appropriate to reevaluate this part of the Moon to test whether the geology of the units mapped to date can be reconciled with an impact origin. Therefore, photogeologic analysis was attempted on a strip of Apollo 16 metric photographs; the superior quality and stereographic properties of the photography permit this reevaluation (fig. 29-32). Geologic contacts, as redrawn, closely resemble those of the earlier maps cited, but some differences result because of improved photographic quality and a conscious attempt to test fully the impact hypothesis.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Wilhelms, D.E., 1972, Photogeology: Part F: reinterpretations of the northern Nectaris Basin, chap. of Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315), p. 29-27-29-30.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"29-27","endPage":"29-30","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266601,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/as16psr.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5107ac16e4b0df796f216e7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilhelms, Don E.","contributorId":28972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelms","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70042891,"text":"70042891 - 1972 - Photogeology: Part N: ejecta blankets of large craters exemplified by King Crater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-28T12:45:39","indexId":"70042891","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"315","title":"Photogeology: Part N: ejecta blankets of large craters exemplified by King Crater","docAbstract":"Details of the ejecta blankets of large, fresh craters provide insight into the mechanics of deposition and the sequence of emplacement of impact debris. King Crater is the freshest of the three large, rayed craters photographed from Apollo 16; the others are Theophilus and Langrenus Craters. King Crater is comparable in youth to Tycho Crater, and the details of its ejecta blanket help to interpret degraded equivalents at older craters. The clarity of detail and the occurrence of new types of lunar landforms rank King Crater among the most significant targets photographed from orbit in the Apollo Program (part M of this section).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., 1972, Photogeology: Part N: ejecta blankets of large craters exemplified by King Crater, chap. of Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315), p. 29-70-29-77.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"29-70","endPage":"29-77","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266612,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/as16psr.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5107ac19e4b0df796f216e8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70042893,"text":"70042893 - 1972 - Photogeology: Part W: Apollo 16 landing site: summary of Earth-based remote sensing data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-28T13:16:13","indexId":"70042893","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"315","title":"Photogeology: Part W: Apollo 16 landing site: summary of Earth-based remote sensing data","docAbstract":"The purpose of the infrared (IR) and radar study of the Apollo data is to establish lunar surface conditions in the vicinity of the orbital tracks of the Apollo command modules during the J-series missions. Correlations and comparisons between the Earth-based radar observations, IR observations, and other data will be plotted on photomaps produced from the mapping and panoramic cameras. In addition, the Apollo photography will be used to improve the classifications of the anomalous IR and radar features. The three sets of Earth-based data have already been obtained. The IR (11 μm) data (ref. 29-112) were obtained during a total lunar eclipse. More than a thousand thermally anomalous regions with an unusually high population of exposed boulders have been identified (ref. 29-113). The 70-cm radar backscatter observations made at the same resolution as the IR measurements show regions of anomalous backscatter. These regions have been explained as roughness caused by the boulders on the surface and below the surface. The high-resolution 3.8-cm radar backscatter measurements (ref. 29-114) reveal in great detail regions of anomalous radar backscatter. At this short radar wavelength, small-scale surface and subsurface roughness and boulders less than the order of 10 cm are responsible for the anomalous returns. Previous studies have revealed strong correlation between these three data sets (refs. 29-115 to 29-117). The strongest anomalies (anomalous at all three wavelengths) correspond to features interpreted geologically as young Copernican craters. There are, however, many combinations of enhancements from IR only, 70-cm radar only, 3.8-cm radar only, or combinations of two of these types but not a third. The variation of intensity in all combinations indicates a very complex set of features. These data provide information about the surface on a centimeter- and meter-sized scale although the basic instrumental resolution was 2 to 15 km. The Apollo orbital photography and observations at the landing sites, used in conjunction with the remote sensing data, can significantly improve geologic and geophysical interpretations of lunar surface conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Zisk, S., Masursky, H., Milton, D., Schaber, G.G., Shorthill, R., and Thompson, T., 1972, Photogeology: Part W: Apollo 16 landing site: summary of Earth-based remote sensing data, chap. of Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315), p. 29-105-29-110.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"29-105","endPage":"29-110","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266619,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266618,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/as16psr.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5107ac1be4b0df796f216e92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zisk, S.H.","contributorId":35311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zisk","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masursky, Harold","contributorId":94304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masursky","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milton, D.J.","contributorId":44121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaber, G. G.","contributorId":68300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaber","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shorthill, R.W.","contributorId":20321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shorthill","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thompson, T.W.","contributorId":78736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70042581,"text":"70042581 - 1972 - Orbital-science investigation: Part G: lineaments that are artifacts of lighting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-12T14:59:09","indexId":"70042581","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"289","title":"Orbital-science investigation: Part G: lineaments that are artifacts of lighting","docAbstract":"Many Apollo 15 orbital photographs, particularly those taken at low Sun-elevation angles, reveal grid patterns of lineaments. In some circumstances, the grid pattern is present in areas where structural control seems unlikely. For example, in an oblique view (fig. 25-52), the ejecta blankets of two fresh impact craters seem to have two intersecting sets of lineaments. Because previous studies of impact craters indicate that concentric and radial trends are commonly present, that this pattern is unexpected. A crater-saturated surface on which a faint grid of linear markings can be discerned is shown in figure 25-53. Again, this pattern is unexpected for a surface that has been exposed to random impacts. In both situations, the azimuths of the main lineaments are approximately symmetrical to the direction of the Sun.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 15 preliminary science report (NASA SP-289)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., and Larsen, B.R., 1972, Orbital-science investigation: Part G: lineaments that are artifacts of lighting, chap. of Apollo 15 preliminary science report (NASA SP-289), p. 25-58-25-62.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"25-58","endPage":"25-62","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265596,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/as15psr.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f2947de4b0c9e41dd3ab86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larsen, Bradley R.","contributorId":104898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042874,"text":"70042874 - 1972 - Photogeology: Part B: Cayley Formation interpreted as basin ejecta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-27T18:30:49","indexId":"70042874","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"315","title":"Photogeology: Part B: Cayley Formation interpreted as basin ejecta","docAbstract":"The discovery that samples returned from the Cayley Formation at the Apollo 16 landing site consist mainly of nonvolcanic breccias (secs. 6 and 7 of this report) suggests that the hypothesis in which light plains-forming materials may be ejecta from multi-ring basins should be reevaluated (refs 29-15 to 29-17). Improved information on the morphology and distribution of the Cayley Formation, provided by Apollo 16 orbital photography, leads to a concept in which the Cayley Formation was deposited as fluidized debris that traveled beyond the presently recognizable extent of the Imbrium Basin ejecta. An elaboration of this genetic model is in preparation; the description, a summary of the model, and its implications are presented in this subsection.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Eggleton, R.E., and Schaber, G.G., 1972, Photogeology: Part B: Cayley Formation interpreted as basin ejecta, chap. of Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315), p. 29-7-29-16.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"29-7","endPage":"29-16","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266579,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/as16psr.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51065a82e4b0f227c1e454c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eggleton, R. E.","contributorId":75154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleton","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaber, G. G.","contributorId":68300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaber","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042582,"text":"70042582 - 1972 - Orbital-science investigation: Part H: sketch map of the region around the candidate Littrow Apollo landing sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-12T15:31:48","indexId":"70042582","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"289","title":"Orbital-science investigation: Part H: sketch map of the region around the candidate Littrow Apollo landing sites","docAbstract":"The photograph in figure 25-59 and the corresponding map (fig. 25-60) show the geology of part of the lunar surface just east of the Littrow rilles at the eastern edge of Mare Serenitatis. The most striking feature of the region is the extremely low albedo of the area mapped as Eld in the western half of the map. The low albedo is believed to be caused by a thin layer of pyroclastic volcanic material at the surface. Another notable feature is the fresh-appearing ridges that cross the mare and the adjacent terra. The fine-braided texture of these ridges contrasts markedly with the rounded, subdued topography more common to such features, an indication that the ridges here may be unusually young. Also evident is a well-exposed succession of marelike plains units, which probably represent different stages in the filling of the Serenitatis basin. Several sets of rilles are present; most are roughly tangential to the basin and terminate against the different plains units according to the relative ages. In the northwest corner of the map is a relatively fresh volcanic crater chain (Cch) from which material appears to have been ejected over the surrounding terrain, forming rays of volcanic ejecta. The area thus includes an unusually wide variety of lunar features.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 15 preliminary science report (NASA SP-289)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., 1972, Orbital-science investigation: Part H: sketch map of the region around the candidate Littrow Apollo landing sites, chap. of Apollo 15 preliminary science report (NASA SP-289), p. 25-63-25-65.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"25-63","endPage":"25-65","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265599,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265598,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/as15psr.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f294bae4b0c9e41dd3ab8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}