Water-rights problems have occurred in the central Virgin River basin and are expected to increase as development of the water resources increases. The Utah State Engineer needs a basic knowledge of ground-water conditions and of the relation of ground water to surface water as a first step to understanding and resolving the problems. Accordingly, the State Engineer requested the U. S. Geological Survey to make a ground-water investigation of the central Virgin River basin as part of the Statewide cooperative agreement with the Utah Department of Natural Resources. The investigation was begun July 1, 1968, and fieldwork was completed in August 1970. Detailed information was obtained for the principal aquifers and for recharge, movement, discharge, storage, utilization, and chemical quality of ground water. A progress report (Cordova, Sandberg, and McConkie, 1970) describes the general findings in the first year of the investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Water Rights Salt Lake City, Utah","usgsCitation":"Cordova, R., Sandberg, G.W., and McConkie, W., 1972, Ground-water conditions in the central Virgin River basin, Utah: Technical Publication 40, v, 64 p.","productDescription":"v, 64 p.","numberOfPages":"74","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268272,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/w920/w9200092.pdf"},{"id":268273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":331850,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-5-080"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Iron County, Washington County","otherGeospatial":"Virgin River Basin","geographicExtents":" {\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -112.906494140625,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -112.906494140625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 37.00255267215955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512c9611e4b0855fde6697c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cordova, R.M.","contributorId":77511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordova","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandberg, G. W.","contributorId":55426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McConkie, Wilson","contributorId":15697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConkie","given":"Wilson","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042893,"text":"70042893 - 1972 - Photogeology: Part W: Apollo 16 landing site: summary of Earth-based remote sensing data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-28T13:16:13","indexId":"70042893","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"315","title":"Photogeology: Part W: Apollo 16 landing site: summary of Earth-based remote sensing data","docAbstract":"The purpose of the infrared (IR) and radar study of the Apollo data is to establish lunar surface conditions in the vicinity of the orbital tracks of the Apollo command modules during the J-series missions. Correlations and comparisons between the Earth-based radar observations, IR observations, and other data will be plotted on photomaps produced from the mapping and panoramic cameras. In addition, the Apollo photography will be used to improve the classifications of the anomalous IR and radar features. The three sets of Earth-based data have already been obtained. The IR (11 μm) data (ref. 29-112) were obtained during a total lunar eclipse. More than a thousand thermally anomalous regions with an unusually high population of exposed boulders have been identified (ref. 29-113). The 70-cm radar backscatter observations made at the same resolution as the IR measurements show regions of anomalous backscatter. These regions have been explained as roughness caused by the boulders on the surface and below the surface. The high-resolution 3.8-cm radar backscatter measurements (ref. 29-114) reveal in great detail regions of anomalous radar backscatter. At this short radar wavelength, small-scale surface and subsurface roughness and boulders less than the order of 10 cm are responsible for the anomalous returns. Previous studies have revealed strong correlation between these three data sets (refs. 29-115 to 29-117). The strongest anomalies (anomalous at all three wavelengths) correspond to features interpreted geologically as young Copernican craters. There are, however, many combinations of enhancements from IR only, 70-cm radar only, 3.8-cm radar only, or combinations of two of these types but not a third. The variation of intensity in all combinations indicates a very complex set of features. These data provide information about the surface on a centimeter- and meter-sized scale although the basic instrumental resolution was 2 to 15 km. The Apollo orbital photography and observations at the landing sites, used in conjunction with the remote sensing data, can significantly improve geologic and geophysical interpretations of lunar surface conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Zisk, S., Masursky, H., Milton, D., Schaber, G.G., Shorthill, R., and Thompson, T., 1972, Photogeology: Part W: Apollo 16 landing site: summary of Earth-based remote sensing data, chap. of Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315), p. 29-105-29-110.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"29-105","endPage":"29-110","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266619,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266618,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/as16psr.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5107ac1be4b0df796f216e92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zisk, S.H.","contributorId":35311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zisk","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masursky, Harold","contributorId":94304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masursky","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milton, D.J.","contributorId":44121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaber, G. G.","contributorId":68300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaber","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shorthill, R.W.","contributorId":20321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shorthill","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thompson, T.W.","contributorId":78736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70042581,"text":"70042581 - 1972 - Orbital-science investigation: Part G: lineaments that are artifacts of lighting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-12T14:59:09","indexId":"70042581","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"289","title":"Orbital-science investigation: Part G: lineaments that are artifacts of lighting","docAbstract":"Many Apollo 15 orbital photographs, particularly those taken at low Sun-elevation angles, reveal grid patterns of lineaments. In some circumstances, the grid pattern is present in areas where structural control seems unlikely. For example, in an oblique view (fig. 25-52), the ejecta blankets of two fresh impact craters seem to have two intersecting sets of lineaments. Because previous studies of impact craters indicate that concentric and radial trends are commonly present, that this pattern is unexpected. A crater-saturated surface on which a faint grid of linear markings can be discerned is shown in figure 25-53. Again, this pattern is unexpected for a surface that has been exposed to random impacts. In both situations, the azimuths of the main lineaments are approximately symmetrical to the direction of the Sun.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 15 preliminary science report (NASA SP-289)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., and Larsen, B.R., 1972, Orbital-science investigation: Part G: lineaments that are artifacts of lighting, chap. of Apollo 15 preliminary science report (NASA SP-289), p. 25-58-25-62.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"25-58","endPage":"25-62","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265596,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/as15psr.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f2947de4b0c9e41dd3ab86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larsen, Bradley R.","contributorId":104898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042585,"text":"70042585 - 1972 - Orbital-science investigation: Part K: geologic sketch map of the candidate Proclus Apollo landing site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-20T12:26:35","indexId":"70042585","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"289","title":"Orbital-science investigation: Part K: geologic sketch map of the candidate Proclus Apollo landing site","docAbstract":"A panoramic camera frame (fig. 25-69) was used as the base for a geologic sketch map (fig. 25-70) of an area near Proclus Crater. The map was prepared to investigate the usefulness of the Apollo 15 panoramic camera photography in large-scale geologic mapping and to assess the geologic value of this area as a potential Apollo landing site. The area is being considered as a landing site because of the availability of smooth plains terrain and because of the scientific value of investigating plains materials, dark halo craters, and ancient rocks that may be present in the Proclus ray material.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 15 preliminary science report (NASA SP-289)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, B.K., 1972, Orbital-science investigation: Part K: geologic sketch map of the candidate Proclus Apollo landing site, chap. of Apollo 15 preliminary science report (NASA SP-289), p. 25-76-25-80.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"25-76","endPage":"25-80","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265602,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/as15psr.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f294f8e4b0c9e41dd3ab92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70042588,"text":"70042588 - 1972 - Orbital-science investigation: Part P: the process of crater removal in the lunar maria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-12T16:59:35","indexId":"70042588","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"289","title":"Orbital-science investigation: Part P: the process of crater removal in the lunar maria","docAbstract":"The processes by which craters disappear from the lunar surface have been of principal concern since the first high-resolution pictures of the lunar maria were returned by Ranger VII. Those pictures revealed that craters smaller than a few hundred meters on the lunar maria vary morphologically from sharp and pristine features to shallow, highly subdued depressions. The constancy of the population density of these smaller craters (with diameters of less than 1000 m) was predicted by Moore (ref. 25-40) and Shoemaker (ref. 25-41), who concluded that these craters were in a steady-state condition.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 15 preliminary science report (NASA SP-289)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Soderblum, L., 1972, Orbital-science investigation: Part P: the process of crater removal in the lunar maria, chap. of Apollo 15 preliminary science report (NASA SP-289), p. 25-87-25-91.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"25-87","endPage":"25-91","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265609,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265608,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/as15psr.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f29573e4b0c9e41dd3ab9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soderblum, L.A.","contributorId":47667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblum","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70042587,"text":"70042587 - 1972 - Orbital-science investigation: Part O: regional variations in the magnitude of heiligenschein and causal connections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-12T16:42:46","indexId":"70042587","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"289","title":"Orbital-science investigation: Part O: regional variations in the magnitude of heiligenschein and causal connections","docAbstract":"Approximately 35 reasonably good candidates for specialized photometric studies were found during a thorough examination of the frames exposed by the Apollo 15 metric camera. Of these, the majority was of value in heiligenschein studies (refs. 25-36 to 25-38). A few were of value for limited-interval delineation of the photometric functions of crater walls, wherein it is now known from past Apollo Program studies that younger craters have walls much more Lambertian in reflective properties than those of the standard lunar surface (ref. 25-39). It has now become apparent that some difficulty exists in such crater-wall studies with regard to varying the domain of mathematical definition over which such photometric functions are delineated to encompass much more of phase-angle-brightness-longitude space than has already been carried out Nearer to zero-phase angle, the brightness of the illuminated wall becomes so intense compared with the general luminance of the surrounding lunar terrain that it approaches the saturated region of the D/log E curve of the photograph where D is density and E is exposure. Conversely, for phase angles approaching 180°, most of the illuminated wall is seen so obliquely that the image size is small and reliable photometry is difficult. Also, difficulties inherent in the methodology exist—the descriptive geometry used to extract configurations begins to fail as craters become either too old or are imaged too near a vertical view Nevertheless, some useful candidates for crater-wall studies have been found in the Apollo 15 data, although their analysis is too lengthy for incorporation in this preliminary report.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 15 preliminary science report (NASA SP-289)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Wildey, R.L., 1972, Orbital-science investigation: Part O: regional variations in the magnitude of heiligenschein and causal connections, chap. of Apollo 15 preliminary science report (NASA SP-289), p. 25-86-25-86.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"25-86","endPage":"25-86","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265606,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/as15psr.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f29536e4b0c9e41dd3ab9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildey, Robert L.","contributorId":41717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildey","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70043100,"text":"70043100 - 1972 - Principal facts for gravity stations in the area north of the Grand Canyon in Arizona","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15486,"text":"ofr68217 - 1968 - Principal facts for gravity stations in the area north of the Grand Canyon in Arizona","indexId":"ofr68217","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in the area north of the Grand Canyon in Arizona"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043100,"text":"70043100 - 1972 - Principal facts for gravity stations in the area north of the Grand Canyon in Arizona","indexId":"70043100","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in the area north of the Grand Canyon in Arizona"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-05T11:03:26","indexId":"70043100","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":360,"text":"Final Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in the area north of the Grand Canyon in Arizona","docAbstract":"Observed gravity values, station location, terrain corrections, and Bouguer gravity data are provided in tabular form for approximately 610 gravity observations in northern Arizona. These data were used in preparation of - - Popenoe, Peter, 1968, Complete Bouguer gravity anomaly map of the area north of the Grand Canyon in Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70043100","usgsCitation":"Popenoe, P., 1972, Principal facts for gravity stations in the area north of the Grand Canyon in Arizona: Final Report, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043100.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266983,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,31.33 ], [ -114.82,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,31.33 ], [ -114.82,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51123848e4b0ebe69d7eb72f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Popenoe, Peter","contributorId":62206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popenoe","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70042872,"text":"70042872 - 1972 - Preliminary examination of lunar samples: Part A: a petrographic and chemical description of samples from the lunar highlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-27T18:33:25","indexId":"70042872","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"315","title":"Preliminary examination of lunar samples: Part A: a petrographic and chemical description of samples from the lunar highlands","docAbstract":"More than four-fifths of the surface of the Moon consists of a profoundly cratered irregular surface designated terra or highlands by analogy with the terrestrial continents. These terra regions have much higher albedos than the physiographically lower and much smoother mare regions. The difference in albedo can now be ascribed to a fundamental difference in the chemical and mineralogical character of these two regions. Lunar samples from landing sites in the mare regions and high-resolution photographs taken from lunar orbit have shown that the lunar maria are underlain by extensive lava flows. Isotopic dating of samples from four mare regions (refs. 7-1 to 7-4) indicate that mare volcanism covered a time span of 600 million years, beginning approximately 3.7 billion years ago. The intensely cratered character of terra regions is due to both the greater antiquity of these parts of the Moon and the higher flux of incoming objects that hit the Moon during very early lunar history (ref. 7-5). In contrast with the mare region, the origin of the underlying material of the terra is not easily inferred from physiographic criteria. The surface manifestations of early plutonic or extrusive igneous activity — if indeed they ever existed — were erased from the terra regions by the intense early bombardment of the lunar surface. Some portions of the highlands may be exceptions to this generalization; in particular, large craters such as Ptolemaeus, Hipparchus, Albategnius, and Alphonsus. The regions bounded by these craters are much smoother than the typical densely cratered highlands. These regions are generally assumed to be physiographic lows that have, in some way, been filled by younger material. The nature of the material and the mechanism by which it was introduced into the basins are not well understood. On the basis of rather detailed studies of the physiographic and albedo characteristics of the basin material, it has been suggested (ref. 7-6) that the filling of the highland basins was a result of volcanic processes similar to those which filled the large mare basins. Some highland basins also contain hilly, hummocky regions that bear no relation to large crater rims or crater ejecta. These regions have been interpreted as extrusive igneous features formed by viscous, silicic, igneous liquids (ref. 7-6).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Adminstration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"The Lunar Sample Preliminary Examination Team, 1972, Preliminary examination of lunar samples: Part A: a petrographic and chemical description of samples from the lunar highlands, chap. of Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315), p. 7-1-7-24.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"7-1","endPage":"7-24","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266575,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/as16psr.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51065a86e4b0f227c1e454cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"The Lunar Sample Preliminary Examination Team","contributorId":128123,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"The Lunar Sample Preliminary Examination Team","id":535402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70043099,"text":"70043099 - 1972 - Principal facts for gravity stations in Sulphur Springs Valley, Arizona","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15383,"text":"ofr66100 - 1966 - Principal facts for gravity stations in Sulphur Springs Valley, Arizona","indexId":"ofr66100","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in Sulphur Springs Valley, Arizona"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043099,"text":"70043099 - 1972 - Principal facts for gravity stations in Sulphur Springs Valley, Arizona","indexId":"70043099","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in Sulphur Springs Valley, Arizona"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-05T10:50:27","indexId":"70043099","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":360,"text":"Final Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in Sulphur Springs Valley, Arizona","docAbstract":"Observed gravity values, station locations, terrain corrections, and Bouguer gravity data are provided in tabular form for approximately 410 gravity observations in Sulphur Springs Valley, Arizona.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70043099","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.L., 1972, Principal facts for gravity stations in Sulphur Springs Valley, Arizona: Final Report, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043099.","productDescription":"12 p.","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Sulphur Springs Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,31.33 ], [ -114.82,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,31.33 ], [ -114.82,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51123841e4b0ebe69d7eb716","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Donald L.","contributorId":28597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70042874,"text":"70042874 - 1972 - Photogeology: Part B: Cayley Formation interpreted as basin ejecta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-27T18:30:49","indexId":"70042874","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"315","title":"Photogeology: Part B: Cayley Formation interpreted as basin ejecta","docAbstract":"The discovery that samples returned from the Cayley Formation at the Apollo 16 landing site consist mainly of nonvolcanic breccias (secs. 6 and 7 of this report) suggests that the hypothesis in which light plains-forming materials may be ejecta from multi-ring basins should be reevaluated (refs 29-15 to 29-17). Improved information on the morphology and distribution of the Cayley Formation, provided by Apollo 16 orbital photography, leads to a concept in which the Cayley Formation was deposited as fluidized debris that traveled beyond the presently recognizable extent of the Imbrium Basin ejecta. An elaboration of this genetic model is in preparation; the description, a summary of the model, and its implications are presented in this subsection.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Eggleton, R.E., and Schaber, G.G., 1972, Photogeology: Part B: Cayley Formation interpreted as basin ejecta, chap. of Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315), p. 29-7-29-16.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"29-7","endPage":"29-16","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266579,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/as16psr.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51065a82e4b0f227c1e454c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eggleton, R. E.","contributorId":75154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleton","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaber, G. G.","contributorId":68300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaber","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042875,"text":"70042875 - 1972 - Photogeology: Part D: Descartes highlands: possible analogs around the Orientale Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-27T18:47:19","indexId":"70042875","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"315","title":"Photogeology: Part D: Descartes highlands: possible analogs around the Orientale Basin","docAbstract":"The Descartes highlands are adjacent to the terra plain on which the Apollo 16 lunar module landed (fig. 29-13). A variety of volcanic origins was proposed for the highlands before the mission (refs. 29-4, 29-21, and 29-35 to 29-37), but the returned samples of the area consist almost exclusively of nonvolcanic breccias. The breccias obtained from Stone Mountain have not been identified conclusively as sample materials of the Descartes Mountains (ref. 29-35). A volcanic origin is thus not yet precluded (sec. 6 of this report), but a review of possible impact-related origins seems to be appropriate. The orbital photography acquired during the Apollo 16 mission provides excellent imagery on which geomorphic interpretations may be based. No obvious local crater is a plausible source of the material, but there may be a relation to either the Nectaris or Imbrium Basin. The less degraded Orientale Basin (fig. 29-24) provides a model by which these comparisons can be made (part F of this section).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Hodges, C.A., 1972, Photogeology: Part D: Descartes highlands: possible analogs around the Orientale Basin, chap. of Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315), p. 29-20-29-23.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"29-20","endPage":"29-23","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266581,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/as16psr.pdf"},{"id":266582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51065a84e4b0f227c1e454c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodges, Carroll Ann","contributorId":99144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"Carroll","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70042895,"text":"70042895 - 1972 - Photogeology: Part X: calibration of radar data from Apollo 16 results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-28T13:27:41","indexId":"70042895","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"315","title":"Photogeology: Part X: calibration of radar data from Apollo 16 results","docAbstract":"Orbital and surface photography collected during the Apollo 16 mission can be used to calibrate existing Earth-based, high-resolution radar maps of the lunar surface. The absence of any theoretical treatment of the radar backscatter from irregular rocks has prevented the assignment of radar-echo cross sections to specific size distributions of rocks. This gap will now be filled with the use of ground truth provided by metric and panoramic camera photographs and by surface photographic data collected by the astronauts.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Zisk, S., and Moore, H., 1972, Photogeology: Part X: calibration of radar data from Apollo 16 results, chap. of Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315), p. 29-110-29-113.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"29-110","endPage":"29-113","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266622,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/as16psr.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5107ac1ce4b0df796f216e96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zisk, S.H.","contributorId":35311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zisk","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, H. J.","contributorId":71962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"H. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042897,"text":"70042897 - 1972 - Photogeology: Part Y: physical and geological aspects of heiligenschein measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-28T13:45:52","indexId":"70042897","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"315","title":"Photogeology: Part Y: physical and geological aspects of heiligenschein measurements","docAbstract":"Heiligenschein is the upsurge in reflected brightness as zero-phase angle is approached. For the first time, an effort has been made to investigate the diagnostic value of the heiligenschein photometric magnitude on a statistically significant scale. This investigation was performed by using the vertical photography of the Apollo 16 metric camera. The brightness surge of reflected light near zero-phase angle was studied with the expectation that it might be related to lunar geologic setting. Although previous work suggests that a real effect is present (refs. 29-121 and 29-122), the data set was small, and no correlations with other lunar surface properties were attempted. The problem is complex enough to warrant massive effort. This subsection is merely a status report.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Wildey, R.L., 1972, Photogeology: Part Y: physical and geological aspects of heiligenschein measurements, chap. of Apollo 16 preliminary science report (NASA SP 315), p. 29-113-29-119.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"29-113","endPage":"29-119","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266627,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266626,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/as16psr.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5107ac1ce4b0df796f216e9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildey, Robert L.","contributorId":41717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildey","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}