Drift, evidently of Illinoian age, was deposited on St. Lawrence Island at the margin of an ice cap that covered the highlands of the Chukotka Peninsula of Siberia and spread far eastward on the continental shelf of northern Bering Sea. Underlying the drift on the northwestward part of the island are mollusk-bearing beds deposited during the Kotzebuan Transgression.
A comparison of mollusk faunas from St. Lawrence Island, Chukotka Peninsula, and Kotzebue Sound suggests that the present northward flow through Bering and Anadyr Straits was reversed during the Kotzebuan Transgression. Cold arctic water penetrated southward and southwestward bringing an arctic fauna to the Gulf of Anadyr. Warmer Pacific water probably entered eastern Bering Sea, passed eastward and northeastward around eastern and northern St. Lawrence Island, and then became entrained in the southward currents that passed through Anadyr Strait.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(72)90033-6","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, D., Rowland, R., and Patton, W.W., 1972, Middle pleistocene mollusks from St. Lawrence Island and their significance for the paleo-oceanography of the Bering Sea: Quaternary Research, v. 2, no. 2, p. 119-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(72)90033-6.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"134","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219670,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"St. Lawrence Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -172.62707116583636,\n 64.0488182952663\n ],\n [\n -172.62707116583636,\n 62.80972983412474\n ],\n [\n -168.38785991048877,\n 62.80972983412474\n ],\n [\n -168.38785991048877,\n 64.0488182952663\n ],\n [\n -172.62707116583636,\n 64.0488182952663\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56eae4b0c8380cd6d8f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopkins, D.M.","contributorId":103646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowland, R.W.","contributorId":36153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patton, W. W. Jr.","contributorId":11231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70009939,"text":"70009939 - 1972 - Appraisal of the future climate of the Holocene in the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-11T15:57:31.67714","indexId":"70009939","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Appraisal of the future climate of the Holocene in the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Consideration of the history of Holocene climate in the Rocky Mountains indicates that the over-all trend during the past 2500 yr has been toward increasing warmth, interrupted by cooler times of minor advances of cirque glaciers. Comparison of Holocene climatic history with the record of past interglacials in the region suggests that the present interglacial is not complete and that the climate may become first warmer and subsequently wetter before it is completed. Correlation of the timing of the regional glacial-interglacial record for the past 140,000 yr with the record of major sea level changes and with the calculated changes in the earth's insolation suggest that the present interglacial may be completed within a few millenia and that it may be followed by a significant cooling of the climate.
Interpretation of reflection profiles across the Washington continental margin suggests deformation of Cascadia basin strata against the continental slope. Individual reflecting horizons can be traced across the slope-basin boundary. The sense of offset along faults on the continental slope is predominantly, but not entirely, west side up. Two faults of small displacement are seen to be west-dipping reverse faults. Magnetic anomalies on the Juan de Fuca plate can be traced 40–100 km eastward under the slope, and structural interpretation combined with calculated rates of subduction suggests that approximately 50 km of the outer continental slope may have been formed in Pleistocene time. Rocks of Pleistocene age dredge from a ridge exposing acoustic “basement” on the slope, plus the results of deep-sea drilling off northern Oregon, are consistent with this interpretation. The question of whether or not subduction is occurring at present is unresolved because significant strain has not affected the upper 200 m of section in the Cascadia basin. However, deformation of the outer part of the slope has been episodic and may reflect episodic yield, deposition rate, subduction rate, or some combination of these factors.
Alaska's Beaufort Sea shelf is characterized by small-scale relief with an average amplitude of 1–2 m and wavelength of 50–100 m. Diving observations confirm that much of the bottom roughness reflects the action of grounded ice. Except for areas in the shadow of islands, bars, and offshore bathymetric highs, the entire shelf surface from the beach to at least the 75-m contour is now or has been modified by ice gouging. Ice contact with the bottom is more common, and rates of sedimentation higher on the inner shelf than on the outer shelf; the density of gouge features is about equal in both areas. Therefore, the chances are that an area of gouging on the inner shelf contains younger gouges than a similar area on the outer shelf.
When ice grounds, it becomes an important agent in the sedimentary and morphologic environment of the Arctic shelf, directly by deforming bottom deposits and secondarily by affecting the current regime near the sediment/ice contact. While bulldozing action and rafting do not seem to contribute significantly to the direct transport of sediment, re-suspension of bottom material during bulldozing, which makes sediment available for transport, may be significant.
Data concerning suspended sediment concentrations and loads, frequency of occurrence of suspended sediment concentrations, and long-term trends of annual suspended sediment loads are important tools for today's environmental manager. These data are required background for those concerned with establishing and enforcing erosion and sedimentation control regulations and sediment concentration or turbidity standards for water-quality criteria, or those concerned with designing for adequate long-term water storage in reservoirs (sediment load), for efficient municipal and industrial plant operation (sediment concentration frequency), etc.
This is a compilation of the location, period of record, sampling frequency and type of data synthesis for suspended sediment carried by Pennsylvania streams. Figures 1 and 2 show the approximate locations of sediment sampling stations in Pennsylvania. All of the sediment data listed were collected by the U. S. Geological Survey mainly in cooperation with the following Federal, State, and local agencies.
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources
Bureau of Engineering and Construction
Soil and Water Conservation Commission
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
City of Philadelphia
Brandywine Valley Association
Delaware Geological Survey
Conestoga Valley Association
Lehigh County Soil and Water Conservation District
Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army
The quality of water, sediment, and biota was determined at four sites in canals and drainage ditches at Miami International Airport (MIA) during high- and low-water periods and during summer and winter 1971–72. Concentrations of common ions, such as calcium, sodium, chloride, and magnesium, tended to be above average for fresh water because of periodic salt-water intrusion. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and pesticides were in higher concentrations than typical for undisturbed areas of south Florida, but not higher than usual for the urban coastal area, so it is not known to what extent these chemicals are attributable to surrounding urbanization. Heavy metals, oil and grease, and PCB's (polychlorinated biphenyls) were the best indicators of the effects of MIA on water quality. Concentations of the above were quite variable, high values for each were recorded and were probably associated with recent discharges from industrial sources. Arsenic, lead, iron, and chromium all exceeded, in one or more samples, the U.S. Public Health Service's recommended upper limits for metals in water. Only iron normally exceeds these standards in the natural waters of south Florida. PCB's were detected in most samples and were in concentrations up to 1,000 micrograms per kilogram in fish. In addition to pesticides and PCB's, another group of persistant chlorinated compounds, PCN's (polychlorinated naphthalenes) were detected in water, sediment, and fish. This is the first known detection of these compounds in the environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70202873","usgsCitation":"Freiberger, H.J., and McPherson, B.F., 1972, Water quality at Miami International Airport, Miami, Florida, 1971–72: Open-File Report FL 72-023, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70202873.","productDescription":"50 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362649,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70202873/ofr72023.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":362648,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70202873/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
No abstract available .
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Manned Spacecraft Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Elston, D.P., Boudette, E., and Schafer, J., 1972, Geologic map of the Apollo 16 (Descartes) region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-102, 1 Plate: 24.71 x 30.92 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72102.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 24.71 x 30.92 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401854,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0102/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":170661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0102/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b11e4b07f02db6a2492","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elston, D. P.","contributorId":96334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elston","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boudette, E. L.","contributorId":77150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boudette","given":"E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schafer, J.P.","contributorId":94713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schafer","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":67417,"text":"i781B - 1972 - Generalized slope map of the Henrys Lake Quadrangle, Idaho and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:16","indexId":"i781B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"781","subseriesTitle":"NONE","chapter":"B","title":"Generalized slope map of the Henrys Lake Quadrangle, Idaho and Montana","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i781B","usgsCitation":"Witkind, I.J., 1972, Generalized slope map of the Henrys Lake Quadrangle, Idaho and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 781, 1 map :col. ;45 x 32 cm., on sheet 53 x 74 cm. folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i781B.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;45 x 32 cm., on sheet 53 x 74 cm. folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106962,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9570.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9570"},{"id":188821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"62500","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.5,44.5 ], [ -111.5,44.75 ], [ -111.25,44.75 ], [ -111.25,44.5 ], [ -111.5,44.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witkind, I. J.","contributorId":54221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witkind","given":"I.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":49236,"text":"ofr72227 - 1972 - Catalog of earthquakes along the San Andreas fault system in Central California for the year 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-17T10:50:19.327239","indexId":"ofr72227","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-227","title":"Catalog of earthquakes along the San Andreas fault system in Central California for the year 1970","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72227","usgsCitation":"Lee, W., Roller, J., Meagher, K., and Bennett, R., 1972, Catalog of earthquakes along the San Andreas fault system in Central California for the year 1970: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-227, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72227.","productDescription":"73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290408,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0227/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":175603,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290407,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0227/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5efb59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roller, J. C.","contributorId":12507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roller","given":"J.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meagher, K.L.","contributorId":65067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meagher","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bennett, R.E.","contributorId":39775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":42277,"text":"ofr7274 - 1972 - Bedrock outcrops and areas of thin drift; areas underlain by sedimentary rocks and areas underlain by igneous and metamorphic rocks also shown; Ellington Quadrangle, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:30","indexId":"ofr7274","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-74","title":"Bedrock outcrops and areas of thin drift; areas underlain by sedimentary rocks and areas underlain by igneous and metamorphic rocks also shown; Ellington Quadrangle, Connecticut","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr7274","usgsCitation":"Colton, R.B., 1972, Bedrock outcrops and areas of thin drift; areas underlain by sedimentary rocks and areas underlain by igneous and metamorphic rocks also shown; Ellington Quadrangle, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-74, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7274.","productDescription":"1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":80037,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0074/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633f51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colton, R. 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C.","contributorId":12507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roller","given":"J.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bauer, P.G.","contributorId":50956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, J.D.","contributorId":71166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":59249,"text":"mf468 - 1972 - Metallic mineral resources map of the Trinity Islands Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T21:05:12.168067","indexId":"mf468","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"468","title":"Metallic mineral resources map of the Trinity Islands Quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf468","usgsCitation":"1972, Metallic mineral resources map of the Trinity Islands Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 468, 1 Plate: 32.05 x 22.61 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf468.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 32.05 x 22.61 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0468/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":415112,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0468/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Trinity Islands Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156,56 ], [ -156,57 ], [ -154,57 ], [ -154,56 ], [ -156,56 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db6285b1","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Cobb, Edward H.","contributorId":64689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobb","given":"Edward H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868468,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":49254,"text":"ofr72272 - 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