Baseline measurements were made of the amount and weight of beached marine debris on Sand Island, Midway Atoll, June 2008–July 2010. On 23 surveys, 32,696 total debris objects (identifiable items and pieces) were collected; total weight was 740.4 kg. Seventy-two percent of the total was pieces; 91% of the pieces were made of plastic materials. Pieces were composed primarily of polyethylene and polypropylene. Identifiable items were 28% of the total; 88% of the identifiable items were in the fishing/aquaculture/shipping-related and beverage/household products-related categories. Identifiable items were lowest during April–August, while pieces were at their lowest during June–August. Sites facing the North Pacific Gyre received the most debris and proportionately more pieces. More debris tended to be found on Sand Island when the Subtropical Convergence Zone was closer to the Atoll. This information can be used for potential mitigation and to understand the impacts of large-scale events such as the 2011 Japanese tsunami.
\n\n
The lake levels in Lake Michigan-Huron have recently fallen to near historical lows, as has the elevation difference between Lake Michigan-Huron compared to Lake Erie. This decline in lake levels has the potential to cause detrimental impacts on the lake ecosystems, together with social and economic impacts on communities in the entire Great Lakes region. Results from past work suggest that morphological changes in the St Clair River, which is the only natural outlet for Lake Michigan-Huron, could be an appreciable factor in the recent trends of lake level decline. A key research question is whether bed erosion within the river has caused an increase in water conveyance, therefore, contributed to the falling lake level. In this paper, a numerical modeling approach with field data is used to investigate the possibility of sediment movement in the St Clair River and assess the likelihood of morphological change under the current flow regime. A two-dimensional numerical model was used to study flow structure, bed shear stress, and sediment mobility/armoring over a range of flow discharges. Boundary conditions for the numerical model were provided by detailed field measurements that included high-resolution bathymetry and three-dimensional flow velocities. The results indicate that, without considering other effects, under the current range of flow conditions, the shear stresses produced by the river flow are too low to transport most of the coarse bed sediment within the reach and are too low to cause substantial bed erosion or bed scour. However, the detailed maps of the bed show mobile bedforms in the upper St Clair River that are indicative of sediment transport. Relatively high shear stresses near a constriction at the upstream end of the river and at channel bends could cause local scour and deposition. Ship-induced propeller wake erosion also is a likely cause of sediment movement in the entire reach. Other factors that may promote sediment movement, such as ice cover and dredging in the lower river, require further investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1002/esp.3215","usgsCitation":"Liu, X., Parker, G., Czuba, J., Oberg, K., Mier, J.M., Best, J.L., Parsons, D.R., Ashmore, P., Krishnappan, B.G., and Garcia, M., 2012, Sediment mobility and bed armoring in the St Clair River: insights from hydrodynamic modeling: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 37, no. 9, p. 957-970, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3215.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"957","endPage":"970","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259325,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3215","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States;Canada","otherGeospatial":"St. Clair River","volume":"37","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b899be4b08c986b316e3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Xiaofeng","contributorId":57711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Xiaofeng","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, Gary","contributorId":104326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Czuba, Jonathan A.","contributorId":19917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oberg, Kevin","contributorId":89385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mier, Jose M.","contributorId":59280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mier","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Best, James L.","contributorId":47222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Parsons, Daniel R.","contributorId":35170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ashmore, Peter","contributorId":104327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashmore","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Krishnappan, Bommanna G.","contributorId":15055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krishnappan","given":"Bommanna","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Garcia, Marcelo H.","contributorId":74236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Marcelo H.","affiliations":[{"id":33106,"text":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":353278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70039284,"text":"sim3210 - 2012 - Flood-inundation maps for the Driftwood River and Sugar Creek near Edinburgh, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-01T01:01:41","indexId":"sim3210","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3210","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Driftwood River and Sugar Creek near Edinburgh, Indiana","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for an 11.2 mile reach of the Driftwood River and a 5.2 mile reach of Sugar Creek, both near Edinburgh, Indiana, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Camp Atterbury Joint Maneuver Training Center, Edinburgh, Indiana. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage 03363000 Driftwood River near Edinburgh, Ind. Current conditions at the USGS streamgage in Indiana may be obtained on the Internet at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/current/?type=flow. In addition, the information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system at http://water.weather.gov/ahps/. The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often collocated at USGS streamgages. That forecasted peak-stage information, also available on the Internet, may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation. For this study, flood profiles were computed for the stream reaches by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated using the most current stage-discharge relations at the USGS streamgage 03363000 Driftwood River near Edinburgh, Ind. The hydraulic model was then used to determine elevations throughout the study reaches for nine water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-ft intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to nearly the highest recorded water level at the USGS streamgage 03363000 Driftwood River near Edinburgh, Ind. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geospatial digital elevation model (derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level. The availability of these maps along with real-time information available online regarding current stage from USGS streamgages and forecasted stream stages from the NWS provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures as well as for post flood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3210","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Camp Atterbury Joint Maneuver Training Center, Edinburgh, Indiana","usgsCitation":"Fowler, K.K., Kim, M.H., and Menke, C.D., 2012, Flood-inundation maps for the Driftwood River and Sugar Creek near Edinburgh, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3210, v, 8 p.; map (col.); 8 MB PDF Downloads of Sheets 1-9: 17 x 22 inches; 1.1 MB PDF Downloads of Sheets 1-9: 17 x 22 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3210.","productDescription":"v, 8 p.; map (col.); 8 MB PDF Downloads of Sheets 1-9: 17 x 22 inches; 1.1 MB PDF Downloads of Sheets 1-9: 17 x 22 inches; Downloads Directory","startPage":"i","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3210.gif"},{"id":259318,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3210/SIM3210_Pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259317,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3210/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Edinburgh","otherGeospatial":"Sugar Creek;Driftwood River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1167e4b0c8380cd53fa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fowler, Kathleen K. 0000-0002-0107-3848 kkfowler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0107-3848","contributorId":2439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Kathleen","email":"kkfowler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, Moon H. 0000-0002-4328-8409 mkim@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4328-8409","contributorId":3211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Moon","email":"mkim@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Menke, Chad D. cdmenke@usgs.gov","contributorId":3209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menke","given":"Chad","email":"cdmenke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039277,"text":"ofr20121128 - 2012 - Assessment of soil-gas and groundwater contamination at the Gibson Road landfill, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T14:57:15","indexId":"ofr20121128","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1128","title":"Assessment of soil-gas and groundwater contamination at the Gibson Road landfill, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2011","docAbstract":"Soil-gas and groundwater assessments were conducted at the Gibson Road landfill in 201 to provide screening-level environmental contamination data to supplement the data collected during previous environmental studies at the landfill. Passive samplers were used in both assessments to detect volatile and semivolatile organic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil gas and groundwater. A total of 56 passive samplers were deployed in the soil in late July and early August for the soil-gas assessment. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were detected at masses greater than the method detection level of 0.02 microgram in all samplers and masses greater than 2.0 micrograms in 13 samplers. Three samplers located between the landfill and a nearby wetland had TPH masses greater than 20 micrograms. Diesel was detected in 28 of the 56 soil-gas samplers. Undecane, tridecane, and pentadecane were detected, but undecane was the most common diesel compound with 23 detections. Only five detections exceeded a combined diesel mass of 0.10 microgram, including the highest mass of 0.27 microgram near the wetland. Toluene was detected in only five passive samplers, including masses of 0.65 microgram near the wetland and 0.85 microgram on the southwestern side of the landfill. The only other gasoline-related compound detected was octane in two samplers. Naphthalene was detected in two samplers in the gully near the landfill and two samplers along the southwestern side of the landfill, but had masses less than or equal to 0.02 microgram. Six samplers located southeast of the landfill had detections of chlorinated compounds, including one perchloroethene detections (0.04 microgram) and five chloroform detections (0.05 to0.08 microgram). Passive samplers were deployed and recovered on August 8, 2011, in nine monitoring wells along the southwestern, southeastern and northeastern sides of the landfill and down gradient from the eastern corner of the landfill. Six of the nine samplers had TPH concentrations greater than 100 micrograms per liter. TPH concentrations declined from 320 micrograms per liter in a sampler near the landfill to 18 micrograms in a sampler near the wetland. Five of the samplers had detections of one or more diesel compounds but detections of individual diesel compounds had concentrations below a method detection level of 0.01 microgram per liter. Benzene was detected in three samplers and exceeded the national primary drinking-water standard of 5 micrograms per liter set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The concentrations of benzene, and therefore BTEX, were 6.1 micrograms per liter in the sampler near the eastern corner of the landfill, 27 micrograms per liter in the sampler near the wetland, and 37 micrograms per liter in the sampler at the southern corner of the landfill. Nonfuel-related compounds were detected in the four wells that are aligned between the eastern corner of the landfill and the wetland. The sampler deployed nearest the eastern corner of the landfill had the greatest number of detected organic compounds and had the only detections of two trimethylbenzene compounds, naphthalene, 2-methyl naphthalene, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene. The two up gradient samplers had the greatest number of chlorinated compounds with five compounds each, compared to detections of four compounds and one compound in the two down gradient samplers. All four samplers had detections of 1,1-dichloroethane which ranged from 42 to 1,300 micrograms per liter. Other detections of chlorinated compounds included trichloroethene, perchloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and chloroform.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon","usgsCitation":"Falls, W.F., Caldwell, A.W., Guimaraes, W., Ratliff, W.H., Wellborn, J.B., and Landmeyer, J., 2012, Assessment of soil-gas and groundwater contamination at the Gibson Road landfill, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1128, v, 27 p.; Tables; col. ill.; map (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121128.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.; Tables; col. ill.; map (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-07-01","temporalEnd":"2011-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1128.jpg"},{"id":259297,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1128/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259298,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1128/pdf/USGS_ofr2012-1128_Falls.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Fort Gordon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee56e4b0c8380cd49cec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falls, W. Fred 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":107754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Fred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Andral W. 0000-0003-1269-5463 acaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-5463","contributorId":3228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Andral","email":"acaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guimaraes, Wladmir G.","contributorId":10658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guimaraes","given":"Wladmir G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ratliff, W. Hagan","contributorId":60347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratliff","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hagan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wellborn, John B.","contributorId":24822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellborn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70039272,"text":"ofr20121159 - 2012 - Radon-222 content of natural gas samples from Upper and Middle Devonian sandstone and shale reservoirs in Pennsylvania—preliminary data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-10T11:18:59","indexId":"ofr20121159","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1159","title":"Radon-222 content of natural gas samples from Upper and Middle Devonian sandstone and shale reservoirs in Pennsylvania—preliminary data","docAbstract":"Samples of natural gas were collected as part of a study of formation water chemistry in oil and gas reservoirs in the Appalachian Basin. Nineteen samples (plus two duplicates) were collected from 11 wells producing gas from Upper Devonian sandstones and the Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale in Pennsylvania. The samples were collected from valves located between the wellhead and the gas-water separator. Analyses of the radon content of the gas indicated 222Rn (radon-222) activities ranging from 1 to 79 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) with an overall median of 37 pCi/L. The radon activities of the Upper Devonian sandstone samples overlap to a large degree with the activities of the Marcellus Shale samples.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121159","usgsCitation":"Rowan, E., and Kraemer, T.F., 2012, Radon-222 content of natural gas samples from Upper and Middle Devonian sandstone and shale reservoirs in Pennsylvania—preliminary data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1159, iii, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121159.","productDescription":"iii, 6 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259283,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259284,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1159/ofr2012-1159.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9446e4b0c8380cd812e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, E. L. 0000-0001-5753-6189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-6189","contributorId":34921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraemer, T. F.","contributorId":63400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039273,"text":"sir20125096 - 2012 - Biological assessment and streambed-sediment chemistry of streams in the Indianapolis metropolitan area, Indiana, 2003–2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-01T01:01:41","indexId":"sir20125096","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5096","title":"Biological assessment and streambed-sediment chemistry of streams in the Indianapolis metropolitan area, Indiana, 2003–2008","docAbstract":"During 2003–2008, the U.S. Geological Survey sampled 13 sites in the Indianapolis metropolitan area in Indiana for benthic invertebrates, fish communities, and streambed-sediment chemistry. Data from seven White River sites and six tributary sites complement surface-water chemistry data collected by the Indianapolis Department of Public Works. The information is being used to assess changes in water quality in conjunction with the City's programs to reduce combined sewer overflows and other point and nonpoint sources of pollution in the Indianapolis area. During the study, 233 benthic-invertebrate taxa were identified from which the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) Index, the Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI), and the Invertebrate Community Index (ICI) were calculated. EPT index scores ranged from 2 to 16 on the White River and from 2 to 17 on the tributaries. EPT index scores indicate that these pollution-intolerant taxa are more prevalent upstream from and away from the combined-sewer areas of Indianapolis. HBI scores from sites on the White River ranged from 4.67 (good) to 9.55 (very poor), whereas on the tributaries, scores ranged from 4.21 (very good) to 8.14 (poor). Lower HBI scores suggest that less organic pollution was present and, like the EPT scores, indicate better conditions where combined-sewer overflows (CSOs) are not present. Similarly, ICI scores indicated better conditions upstream from the CSO outfalls on the White River. White River scores ranged from 12 to 46, where higher ICI scores indicate better conditions in the benthic-invertebrate community. ICI scores at the tributary sites ranged from 12 to 52, with the highest scores on streams without CSOs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125096","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indianapolis Department of Public Works, Engineering Division","usgsCitation":"Voelker, D.C., 2012, Biological assessment and streambed-sediment chemistry of streams in the Indianapolis metropolitan area, Indiana, 2003–2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5096, xiii, 53 p. ; col. ill.; Tables; Appendices; PDF Downloads of Appendices 1-3; ZIP Downloads of Appendices 1-3, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125096.","productDescription":"xiii, 53 p. ; col. ill.; Tables; Appendices; PDF Downloads of Appendices 1-3; ZIP Downloads of Appendices 1-3","startPage":"i","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259285,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov//sir/2012/5096/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259286,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov//sir/2012/5096/pdf/sir2012-5096_web.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Indianapolis","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f163e4b0c8380cd4ac26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voelker, David C. dvoelker@usgs.gov","contributorId":278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voelker","given":"David","email":"dvoelker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039274,"text":"sir20125133 - 2012 - Topographic change detection at select archeological sites in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 2007-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:14:44.710649","indexId":"sir20125133","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5133","title":"Topographic change detection at select archeological sites in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 2007-2010","docAbstract":"Human occupation in Grand Canyon, Arizona, dates from at least 11,000 years before present to the modern era. For most of this period, the only evidence of human occupation in this iconic landscape is provided by archeological sites. Because of the dynamic nature of this environment, many archeological sites are subject to relatively rapid topographic change. Quantifying the extent, magnitude, and cause of such change is important for monitoring and managing these archeological sites. Such quantification is necessary to help inform the continuing debate on whether and how controlled releases from Glen Canyon Dam, located immediately upstream of Grand Canyon National Park, are affecting site erosion rates, artifact transport, and archeological resource preservation along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Although long-term topographic change resulting from a variety of natural processes is inherent in the Grand Canyon region, continued erosion of archeological sites threatens both the archeological resources and our future ability to study evidence of past cultural habitation. Thus, this subject is of considerable interest to National Park Service managers and other stakeholders in the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program. Understanding the causes and effects of archeological site erosion requires a knowledge of several factors, including the location, timing, and magnitude of the changes occurring in relation to archeological resources, the rates of change, and the relative contribution of potential causes. These potential causes include sediment depletion associated with managed flows from Glen Canyon Dam, site-specific weather and overland flow patterns, visitor impacts, and long-term regional climate change. To obtain this information, highly accurate, spatially specific data are needed from sites undergoing change. Using terrestrial lidar techniques, and building upon three previous surveys of archeological sites performed in 2006 and 2007, we collected two new datasets in April and September 2010 and processed and improved upon existing methods to generate high-accuracy (3 to 5 cm vertical change threshold) topographic change-detection maps for 10 survey areas encompassing 9 archeological sites along the Colorado River corridor. We also used terrestrial lidar techniques to investigate several other metrics for studying archeological site stability, including monitoring cultural structures and artifacts and remotely measuring cryptobiotic soil crust areas. Our topographic change results indicate that 9 of 10 survey areas showed signs of either erosion, deposition, or both during the 2007–2010 time interval and that these changes can be linked to a variety of geomorphic processes, primarily overland flow gullying and aeolian sand transport. In several cases, large (>50 cm) vertical change occurred, and in one case, more than 100 m3 of sediment was eroded. Further, for all sites monitored throughout the river corridor during this time period, the overall signal was related to erosion rather than deposition. These results highlight the potential for rapid archeological site change in Grand Canyon. Whereas the topographic change results presented herein provide the highest level of change detection yet performed on entire archeological sites in Grand Canyon, additional work in combining these results with site-specific weather, hydrology, and geomorphology data is needed to provide a more thorough understanding of the causes of the documented topographic changes. Linking lidar-derived measurements of topographic changes with these other data sources should provide land managers with a scientific basis for making management decisions regarding archeological resources in Grand Canyon National Park and assist in answering open questions regarding the influence that sediment-depleted flows from Glen Canyon Dam have on archeological site stability.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125133","usgsCitation":"Collins, B., Corbett, S., Fairley, H., Minasian, D.L., Kayen, R., Dealy, T.P., and Bedford, D., 2012, Topographic change detection at select archeological sites in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 2007-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5133, v, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125133.","productDescription":"v, 77 p.","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259305,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259289,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5133/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259290,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5133/sir2012-5133.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.39524352909292,\n 37.00360340661588\n ],\n [\n -114.02292843711835,\n 37.00360340661588\n ],\n [\n -114.02292843711835,\n 35.681448620745286\n ],\n [\n -111.39524352909292,\n 35.681448620745286\n ],\n [\n -111.39524352909292,\n 37.00360340661588\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb477e4b08c986b3263a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Brian D.","contributorId":71641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corbett, Skye C.","contributorId":54844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corbett","given":"Skye C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fairley, Helen C.","contributorId":10506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairley","given":"Helen C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minasian, Diane L. dminasian@usgs.gov","contributorId":3232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minasian","given":"Diane","email":"dminasian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kayen, Robert","contributorId":12030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dealy, Timothy P.","contributorId":19263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dealy","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bedford, David R.","contributorId":26352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedford","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70039275,"text":"ofr20121127 - 2012 - Assessment of soil-gas contamination at the 17th Street landfill, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T14:56:52","indexId":"ofr20121127","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1127","title":"Assessment of soil-gas contamination at the 17th Street landfill, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2011","docAbstract":"Assessments of contaminants in soil gas were conducted in two study areas at Fort Gordon, Georgia, in July and August of 2011 to supplement environmental contaminant data for previous studies at the 17th Street landfill. The two study areas include northern and eastern parts of the 17th Street landfill and the adjacent wooded areas to the north and east of the landfill. These study areas were chosen because of their close proximity to the surface water in Wilkerson Lake and McCoys Creek. A total of 48 soil-gas samplers were deployed for the July 28 to August 3, 2011, assessment in the eastern study area. The assessment mostly identified detections of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), and gasoline- and diesel-range compounds, but also identified the presence of chlorinated solvents in six samplers, chloroform in three samplers, 2-methyl naphthalene in one sampler, and trimethylbenzene in one sampler. The TPH masses exceeded 0.02 microgram (μg) in all 48 samplers and exceeded 0.9 μg in 24 samplers. Undecane, one of the three diesel-range compounds used to calculate the combined mass for diesel-range compounds, was detected in 17 samplers and is the second most commonly detected compound in the eastern study area, exceeded only by the number of TPH detections. Six samplers had detections of toluene, but other gasoline compounds were detected with toluene in three of the samplers, including detections of ethylbenzene, meta- and para-xylene, and octane. All detections of chlorinated organic compounds had soil-gas masses equal to or less than 0.08 μg, including three detections of trichloroethene, three detections of perchloroethene, three chloroform detections, one 1,4-dichlorobenzene detection, and one 1,1,2-trichloroethane detection. Three methylated compounds were detected in the eastern study area, but were detected at or below method detection levels. A total of 32 soil-gas samplers were deployed for the August 11–24, 2011, assessment in the northern study area. All samplers in the survey had detections of TPH, but only eight of the samplers had detections of TPH greater than 0.9 mg. Four samplers had TPH detections greater than 9 mg; the only other fuel-related compounds detected in these four samplers included toluene in three of the samplers and undecane in the fourth sampler. Three samplers deployed along the western margin of the northern landfill had detections of both diesel-and gasoline-related compounds; however, the diesel-related compounds were detected at or below method detection levels. Seven samplers in the northern study area had detections of chlorinated compounds, including three perchloroethene detections, three chloroform detections, and one 1,4-dichloro-benzene detection. One sampler on the western margin of the landfill had detections of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and 1,3,5-tr-methylbenene below method detection levels.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121127","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon","usgsCitation":"Falls, W.F., Caldwell, A.W., Guimaraes, W., Ratliff, W.H., Wellborn, J.B., and Landmeyer, J., 2012, Assessment of soil-gas contamination at the 17th Street landfill, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1127, v, 41 p.; Tables; col. ill.; maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121127.","productDescription":"v, 41 p.; Tables; col. ill.; maps","startPage":"i","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-07-28","temporalEnd":"2011-08-24","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1127.jpg"},{"id":259296,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1127/pdf/USGS_ofr2012-1127_Falls.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259295,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1127/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Fort Gordon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee59e4b0c8380cd49cf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falls, W. Fred 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":107754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Fred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Andral W. 0000-0003-1269-5463 acaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-5463","contributorId":3228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Andral","email":"acaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guimaraes, Wladmir G.","contributorId":10658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guimaraes","given":"Wladmir G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ratliff, W. Hagan","contributorId":60347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratliff","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hagan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wellborn, John B.","contributorId":24822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellborn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70039286,"text":"sir20125154 - 2012 - Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow and land-surface subsidence in the northern part of the Gulf Coast aquifer system, Texas, 1891-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-29T15:49:25.221798","indexId":"sir20125154","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5154","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow and land-surface subsidence in the northern part of the Gulf Coast aquifer system, Texas, 1891-2009","docAbstract":"In cooperation with the Harris–Galveston Subsidence District, Fort Bend Subsidence District, and Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, the U.S. Geological Survey developed and calibrated the Houston Area Groundwater Model (HAGM), which simulates groundwater flow and land-surface subsidence in the northern part of the Gulf Coast aquifer system in Texas from predevelopment (before 1891) through 2009. Withdrawal of groundwater since development of the aquifer system has resulted in potentiometric surface (hydraulic head, or head) declines in the Gulf Coast aquifer system and land-surface subsidence (primarily in the Houston area) from depressurization and compaction of clay layers interbedded in the aquifer sediments.
\nThe MODFLOW-2000 groundwater flow model described in this report comprises four layers, one for each of the hydrogeologic units of the aquifer system except the Catahoula confining system, the assumed no-flow base of the system. The HAGM is composed of 137 rows and 245 columns of 1-square-mile grid cells with lateral no-flow boundaries at the extent of each hydrogeologic unit to the northwest, at groundwater divides associated with large rivers to the southwest and northeast, and at the downdip limit of freshwater to the southeast. The model was calibrated within the specified criteria by using trial-and-error adjustment of selected model-input data in a series of transient simulations until the model output (potentiometric surfaces, land-surface subsidence, and selected water-budget components) acceptably reproduced field measured (or estimated) aquifer responses including water level and subsidence. The HAGM-simulated subsidence generally compared well to 26 Predictions Relating Effective Stress to Subsidence (PRESS) models in Harris, Galveston, and Fort Bend Counties. Simulated HAGM results indicate that as much as 10 feet (ft) of subsidence has occurred in southeastern Harris County. Measured subsidence and model results indicate that a larger geographic area encompassing this area of maximum subsidence and much of central to southeastern Harris County has subsided at least 6 ft. For the western part of the study area, the HAGM simulated as much as 3 ft of subsidence in Wharton, Jackson, and Matagorda Counties. For the eastern part of the study area, the HAGM simulated as much as 3 ft of subsidence at the boundary of Hardin and Jasper Counties. Additionally, in the southeastern part of the study area in Orange County, the HAGM simulated as much as 3 ft of subsidence. Measured subsidence for these areas in the western and eastern parts of the HAGM has not been documented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125154","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Harris–Galveston Subsidence District, the Fort Bend Subsidence District, and the Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Kasmarek, M.C., 2012, Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow and land-surface subsidence in the northern part of the Gulf Coast aquifer system, Texas, 1891-2009 (Originally posted July 31, 2012; Revised December 2, 2013): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5154, ix, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125154.","productDescription":"ix, 55 p.","numberOfPages":"69","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404562,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5154/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5154.gif"},{"id":259324,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5154/pdf/sir2012-5154.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast Aquifer System","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.38,29.03 ], [ -96.38,31.18 ], [ -93.51,31.18 ], [ -93.51,29.03 ], [ -96.38,29.03 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Originally posted July 31, 2012; Revised December 2, 2013","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a345ce4b0c8380cd5f6ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasmarek, Mark C. 0000-0003-2808-2506 mckasmar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-2506","contributorId":1968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasmarek","given":"Mark","email":"mckasmar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039268,"text":"ofr20121155 - 2012 - National climate assessment technical report on the impacts of climate and land use and land cover change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-31T01:01:47","indexId":"ofr20121155","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1155","title":"National climate assessment technical report on the impacts of climate and land use and land cover change","docAbstract":"This technical report responds to the recognition by the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) and the National Climate Assessment (NCA) of the importance of understanding how land use and land cover (LULC) affects weather and climate variability and change and how that variability and change affects LULC. Current published, peer-reviewed, scientific literature and supporting data from both existing and original sources forms the basis for this report's assessment of the current state of knowledge regarding land change and climate interactions. The synthesis presented herein documents how current and future land change may alter environment processes and in turn, how those conditions may affect both land cover and land use by specifically investigating, * The primary contemporary trends in land use and land cover, * The land-use and land-cover sectors and regions which are most affected by weather and climate variability,* How land-use practices are adapting to climate change, * How land-use and land-cover patterns and conditions are affecting weather and climate, and * The key elements of an ongoing Land Resources assessment. These findings present information that can be used to better assess land change and climate interactions in order to better assess land management and adaptation strategies for future environmental change and to assist in the development of a framework for an ongoing national assessment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121155","usgsCitation":"Loveland, T., Mahmood, R., Patel-Weynand, T., Karstensen, K., Beckendorf, K., Bliss, N., and Carleton, A., 2012, National climate assessment technical report on the impacts of climate and land use and land cover change: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1155, vi, 86 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121155.","productDescription":"vi, 86 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1155.gif"},{"id":259253,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1155/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259254,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1155/of2012-1155.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6263e4b0c8380cd71ebd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loveland, Thomas 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":103924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahmood, Rezaul","contributorId":34376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahmood","given":"Rezaul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patel-Weynand, Toral","contributorId":26566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patel-Weynand","given":"Toral","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karstensen, Krista","contributorId":97758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karstensen","given":"Krista","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beckendorf, Kari","contributorId":23379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beckendorf","given":"Kari","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bliss, Norman 0000-0003-2409-5211","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":32485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Carleton, Andrew","contributorId":58510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carleton","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70039267,"text":"pp1789 - 2012 - Water quality and landscape processes of four watersheds in eastern Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-31T01:01:47","indexId":"pp1789","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1789","title":"Water quality and landscape processes of four watersheds in eastern Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Humid tropical regions occupy about a quarter of Earth's land surface, yet they contribute a substantially higher fraction of the water, solutes, and sediment discharged to the world's oceans. Nearly half of Earth's population lives in the tropics, and development stresses can potentially harm soil resources, water quality, and water supply and in addition increase landslide and flood hazards. Owing to Puerto Rico's steep topography, low water storage capacity, and dependence on trade-wind precipitation, the island's people, ecosystems, and water supply are vulnerable to extreme weather such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts. Eastern Puerto Rico offers a natural laboratory for separating geologic and land-cover influences from regional- and global-scale influences because of its various bedrock types and the changing land cover surrounding intact, mature forest of the Luquillo Experimental Forest. Accordingly, a multiyear assessment of hydrological and biogeochemical processes was designed to develop an understanding of the effects of these differences on local climate, streamflow, water quality, and ecosystems, and to form the basis for a long-term and event-based program of climate and hydrologic monitoring. Because infrequent, large storms play a major role in this landscape, we focused on high-runoff events, sampling 263 storms, including all major hurricanes from 1991 through 2005. The largest storms have profound geomorphic consequences, such as landslides, debris flows, deep gullying on deforested lands, excavation and suspension of sediment in stream channels, and delivery of a substantial fraction of annual stream sediment load. Large storms sometimes entrain ocean foam and spray causing high concentrations of seasalt-derived constituents in stream waters during the storm. Past deforestation and agricultural activities in the Cayaguás and Canóvanas watersheds accelerated erosion and soil loss, and this material continues to be remobilized during large storms. Nearly 5,000 routine and event samples were analyzed for parameters that allow determination of denudation rates based on suspended and dissolved loads; 860 of these samples were analyzed for a comprehensive suite of chemical constituents. The rivers studied are generally similar in water-quality characteristics, and windward or leeward aspect appears to exert a stronger influence on water quality than geology or land cover. Of samples analyzed for comprehensive chemistry and for sediment, 543 were collected at runoff rates greater than 1 millimeter per hour, 256 at rates exceeding 10 millimeters per hour, and 3 at rates exceeding 90 millimeters per hour. Streams have rarely been sampled during events with such high runoff rates. Rates of physical and chemical weathering are especially high, and physical denudation rates, forested watersheds included, are considerably greater than is expected for a steady-state system. The elevated physical erosion drives an increased particulate organic carbon flux, one that is large, important to the carbon cycle, and sustainable, because soil-carbon regeneration is rapid. The 15-year Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budget dataset, which includes discharge, field parameters, suspended sediment, major cations and anions, and nutrients, is available from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Information System (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis). The dataset provides a baseline for characterizing future environmental change and will improve our understanding of the interdependencies of land, water, and biological resources and their responses to changes in climate and land use. Because eastern Puerto Rico resembles many tropical regions in terms of geology and patterns of development, implications from this study are transferable to other tropical regions facing deforestation, rapid land-use change, and climate change.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1789","usgsCitation":"Murphy, S.F., Stallard, R.F., Contributions by Buss, H.L., Gould, W.A., Larsen, M.C., Liu, Z., Martinuzzi, S., Pares-Ramos, I., White, A.F., and Zou, X., 2012, Water quality and landscape processes of four watersheds in eastern Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1789, viii, 292 p.; Appendices; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1789.","productDescription":"viii, 292 p.; Appendices; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"292","numberOfPages":"304","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259252,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1789/PP1789.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1789.gif"},{"id":259251,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1789/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Puerto Rico","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc87ce4b08c986b32c95f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stallard, Robert F. 0000-0001-8209-7608 stallard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8209-7608","contributorId":1924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"Robert","email":"stallard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Contributions by Buss, Heather L.","contributorId":21830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Contributions by Buss","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gould, William A.","contributorId":103535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larsen, Matthew C. mclarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Matthew","email":"mclarsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Zhigang","contributorId":89015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Zhigang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Martinuzzi, Sebastian","contributorId":17491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinuzzi","given":"Sebastian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pares-Ramos, Isabel K.","contributorId":98184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pares-Ramos","given":"Isabel K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Zou, Xiaoming","contributorId":56521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zou","given":"Xiaoming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70039266,"text":"ofr20121158 - 2012 - Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2012 Waldo Canyon Burn Area near Colorado Springs, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-31T01:01:47","indexId":"ofr20121158","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1158","title":"Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2012 Waldo Canyon Burn Area near Colorado Springs, Colorado","docAbstract":"This report presents a preliminary emergency assessment of the debris-flow hazards from drainage basins burned by the 2012 Waldo Canyon fire near Colorado Springs in El Paso County, Colorado. Empirical models derived from statistical evaluation of data collected from recently burned basins throughout the intermountain western United States were used to estimate the probability of debris-flow occurrence and potential volume of debris flows along the drainage network of the burned area and to estimate the same for 22 selected drainage basins along U.S. Highway 24 and the perimeter of the burned area. Input data for the models included topographic parameters, soil characteristics, burn severity, and rainfall totals and intensities for a (1) 2-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall, referred to as a 2-year storm (29 millimeters); (2) 10-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall, referred to as a 10-year storm (42 millimeters); and (3) 25-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall, referred to as a 25-year storm (48 millimeters). Estimated debris-flow probabilities at the pour points of the the drainage basins of interest ranged from less than 1 to 54 percent in response to the 2-year storm; from less than 1 to 74 percent in response to the 10-year storm; and from less than 1 to 82 percent in response to the 25-year storm. Basins and drainage networks with the highest probabilities tended to be those on the southern and southeastern edge of the burn area where soils have relatively high clay contents and gradients are steep. Nine of the 22 drainage basins of interest have greater than a 40-percent probability of producing a debris flow in response to the 10-year storm. Estimated debris-flow volumes for all rainfalls modeled range from a low of 1,500 cubic meters to a high of greater than 100,000 cubic meters. Estimated debris-flow volumes increase with basin size and distance along the drainage network, but some smaller drainages were also predicted to produce substantial volumes of material. The predicted probabilities and some of the volumes predicted for the modeled storms indicate a potential for substantial debris-flow impacts on structures, reservoirs, roads, bridges, and culverts located both within and immediately downstream from the burned area. U.S. Highway 24, on the southern edge of the burn area, is also susceptible to impacts from debris flows.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121158","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Colorado Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Verdin, K.L., Dupree, J.A., and Elliott, J.G., 2012, Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2012 Waldo Canyon Burn Area near Colorado Springs, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1158, vi, 8 p.; maps (col.); 2 Plates: 34 x 22 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121158.","productDescription":"vi, 8 p.; maps (col.); 2 Plates: 34 x 22 inches","startPage":"i","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-06-23","temporalEnd":"2012-07-30","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1158.gif"},{"id":259244,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1158/OF12-1158.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259243,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"El Paso County","city":"Colorado Springs","otherGeospatial":"Waldo Canyon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ca9e4b0c8380cd7e7fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verdin, Kristine L. 0000-0002-6114-4660 kverdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":3070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"Kristine","email":"kverdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dupree, Jean A. dupree@usgs.gov","contributorId":2563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupree","given":"Jean","email":"dupree@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, John G. jelliott@usgs.gov","contributorId":832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"John","email":"jelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70007154,"text":"70007154 - 2012 - Monitoring gradual ecosystem change using Landsat time series analyses: case studies in selected forest and rangeland ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-30T17:16:17","indexId":"70007154","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring gradual ecosystem change using Landsat time series analyses: case studies in selected forest and rangeland ecosystems","docAbstract":"The focus of the study was to assess gradual changes occurring throughout a range of natural ecosystems using decadal Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM +) time series data. Time series data stacks were generated for four study areas: (1) a four scene area dominated by forest and rangeland ecosystems in the southwestern United States, (2) a sagebrush-dominated rangeland in Wyoming, (3) woodland adjacent to prairie in northwestern Nebraska, and (4) a forested area in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Through analyses of time series data, we found evidence of gradual systematic change in many of the natural vegetation communities in all four areas. Many of the conifer forests in the southwestern US are showing declines related to insects and drought, but very few are showing evidence of improving conditions or increased greenness. Sagebrush communities are showing decreases in greenness related to fire, mining, and probably drought, but very few of these communities are showing evidence of increased greenness or improving conditions. In Nebraska, forest communities are showing local expansion and increased canopy densification in the prairie–woodland interface, and in the White Mountains high elevation understory conifers are showing range increases towards lower elevations. The trends detected are not obvious through casual inspection of the Landsat images. Analyses of time series data using many scenes and covering multiple years are required in order to develop better impressions and representations of the changing ecosystem patterns and trends that are occurring. The approach described in this paper demonstrates that Landsat time series data can be used operationally for assessing gradual ecosystem change across large areas. Local knowledge and available ancillary data are required in order to fully understand the nature of these trends.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2011.06.027","usgsCitation":"Vogelmann, J., Xian, G., Homer, C.G., and Tolk, B., 2012, Monitoring gradual ecosystem change using Landsat time series analyses: case studies in selected forest and rangeland ecosystems: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 122, p. 92-105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.06.027.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"105","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257288,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.06.027","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"122","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5dafe4b0c8380cd70523","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":355952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xian, George 0000-0001-5674-2204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":76589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tolk, Brian 0000-0002-9060-0266","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0266","contributorId":62426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolk","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003817,"text":"70003817 - 2012 - Interseasonal movements of greater sage-grouse, migratory behavior, and an assessment of the core regions concept in Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T15:06:27","indexId":"70003817","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interseasonal movements of greater sage-grouse, migratory behavior, and an assessment of the core regions concept in Wyoming","docAbstract":"Animals can require different habitat types throughout their annual cycles. When considering habitat prioritization, we need to explicitly consider habitat requirements throughout the annual cycle, particularly for species of conservation concern. Understanding annual habitat requirements begins with quantifying how far individuals move across landscapes between key life stages to access required habitats. We quantified individual interseasonal movements for greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter sage-grouse) using radio-telemetry spanning the majority of the species distribution in Wyoming. Sage-grouse are currently a candidate for listing under the United States Endangered Species Act and Wyoming is predicted to remain a stronghold for the species. Sage-grouse use distinct seasonal habitats throughout their annual cycle for breeding, brood rearing, and wintering. Average movement distances in Wyoming from nest sites to summer-late brood-rearing locations were 8.1 km (SE = 0.3 km; n = 828 individuals) and the average subsequent distances moved from summer sites to winter locations were 17.3 km (SE = 0.5 km; n = 607 individuals). Average nest-to-winter movements were 14.4 km (SE = 0.6 km; n = 434 individuals). We documented remarkable variation in the extent of movement distances both within and among sites across Wyoming, with some individuals remaining year-round in the same vicinity and others moving over 50 km between life stages. Our results suggest defining any of our populations as migratory or non-migratory is innappropriate as individual strategies vary widely. We compared movement distances of birds marked using Global Positioning System (GPS) and very high frequency (VHF) radio marking techniques and found no evidence that the heavier GPS radios limited movement. Furthermore, we examined the capacity of the sage-grouse core regions concept to capture seasonal locations. As expected, we found the core regions approach, which was developed based on lek data, was generally better at capturing the nesting locations than summer or winter locations. However, across Wyoming the sage-grouse breeding core regions still contained a relatively high percentage of summer and winter locations and seem to be a reasonable surrogate for non-breeding habitat when no other information exists. We suggest that conservation efforts for greater sage-grouse implicitly incorporate seasonal habitat needs because of high variation in the amount of overlap among breeding core regions and non-breeding habitat.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.337","usgsCitation":"Fedy, B.C., Aldridge, C.L., Doherty, K., O’Donnell, M.S., Beck, J., Bedrosian, B., Holloran, M., Johnson, G.D., Kaczor, N., Kirol, C.P., Mandich, C.A., Marshall, D., McKee, G., Olson, C., Swanson, C., and Walker, B.L., 2012, Interseasonal movements of greater sage-grouse, migratory behavior, and an assessment of the core regions concept in Wyoming: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 76, no. 5, p. 1062-1071, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.337.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1062","endPage":"1071","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259226,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.337","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","volume":"76","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3da5e4b0c8380cd63713","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fedy, Bradley C.","contributorId":64080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fedy","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, Kevin E.","contributorId":62452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"Kevin E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Donnell, Michael S. 0000-0002-3488-003X odonnellm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-003X","contributorId":3351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Michael","email":"odonnellm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beck, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":93316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Jeffrey L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bedrosian, Bryan","contributorId":79744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Bryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holloran, Matthew J.","contributorId":44403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloran","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnson, Gregory D.","contributorId":46349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kaczor, Nicholas W.","contributorId":43217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaczor","given":"Nicholas W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kirol, Christopher P.","contributorId":86617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirol","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mandich, Cheryl A.","contributorId":44022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandich","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Marshall, David","contributorId":7125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"McKee, Gwyn","contributorId":23374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Gwyn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Olson, Chad","contributorId":92099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Chad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Swanson, Christopher C.","contributorId":58505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Christopher C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Walker, Brett L.","contributorId":82964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70006298,"text":"70006298 - 2012 - Evaluating changes in matrix based, recovery-adjusted concentrations in paired data for pesticides in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-28T01:01:42","indexId":"70006298","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating changes in matrix based, recovery-adjusted concentrations in paired data for pesticides in groundwater","docAbstract":"Pesticide concentration data for waters from selected carbonate-rock aquifers in agricultural areas of Pennsylvania were collected in 1993–2009 for occurrence and distribution assessments. A set of 30 wells was visited once in 1993–1995 and again in 2008–2009 to assess concentration changes. The data include censored matched pairs (nondetections of a compound in one or both samples of a pair). A potentially improved approach for assessing concentration changes is presented where (i) concentrations are adjusted with models of matrix-spike recovery and (ii) area-wide temporal change is tested by use of the paired Prentice-Wilcoxon (PPW) statistical test. The PPW results for atrazine, simazine, metolachlor, prometon, and an atrazine degradate, deethylatrazine (DEA), are compared using recovery-adjusted and unadjusted concentrations. Results for adjusted compared with unadjusted concentrations in 2008–2009 compared with 1993–1995 were similar for atrazine and simazine (significant decrease; 95% confidence level) and metolachlor (no change) but differed for DEA (adjusted, decrease; unadjusted, increase) and prometon (adjusted, decrease; unadjusted, no change). The PPW results were different on recovery-adjusted compared with unadjusted concentrations. Not accounting for variability in recovery can mask a true change, misidentify a change when no true change exists, or assign a direction opposite of the true change in concentration that resulted from matrix influences on extraction and laboratory method performance. However, matrix-based models of recovery derived from a laboratory performance dataset from multiple studies for national assessment, as used herein, rather than time- and study-specific recoveries may introduce uncertainty in recovery adjustments for individual samples that should be considered in assessing change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS DL","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2134/jeq2011.0271","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, T.M., and Breen, K.J., 2012, Evaluating changes in matrix based, recovery-adjusted concentrations in paired data for pesticides in groundwater: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 41, no. 4, p. 1238-1245, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0271.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1238","endPage":"1245","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":506161,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0271","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":259216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259202,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0271","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","volume":"41","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bdce4b0c8380cd528fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Tammy M. 0000-0003-0842-6981 tmzimmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-6981","contributorId":2359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Tammy","email":"tmzimmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breen, Kevin J. 0000-0002-9447-6469 kjbreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-6469","contributorId":219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breen","given":"Kevin","email":"kjbreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003663,"text":"70003663 - 2012 - Effects of soil-engineering properties on the failure mode of shallow landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-28T01:01:41","indexId":"70003663","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of soil-engineering properties on the failure mode of shallow landslides","docAbstract":"Some landslides mobilize into flows, while others slide and deposit material immediately down slope. An index based on initial dry density and fine-grained content of soil predicted failure mode of 96 landslide initiation sites in Oregon and Colorado with 79% accuracy. These material properties can be used to identify potential sources for debris flows and for slides. Field data suggest that loose soils can evolve from dense soils that dilate upon shearing. The method presented herein to predict failure mode is most applicable for shallow (depth <5 m), well-graded soils (coefficient of uniformity >8), with few to moderate fines (fine-grained content <18%), and with liquid limits <40.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10346-011-0295-3","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J.P., Santi, P.M., Amblard, X., and Negri, J., 2012, Effects of soil-engineering properties on the failure mode of shallow landslides: Landslides, v. 9, no. 2, p. 215-228, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-011-0295-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"228","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259196,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-011-0295-3","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07d1e4b0c8380cd51859","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, Jonathan Peter","contributorId":50398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santi, Paul Michael","contributorId":61696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santi","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amblard, Xavier","contributorId":61290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amblard","given":"Xavier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Negri, Jacquelyn","contributorId":49650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Negri","given":"Jacquelyn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70009700,"text":"70009700 - 2012 - Evaluation of SNODAS snow depth and snow water equivalent estimates for the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70009700","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of SNODAS snow depth and snow water equivalent estimates for the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA","docAbstract":"The National Weather Service's Snow Data Assimilation (SNODAS) program provides daily, gridded estimates of snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), and related snow parameters at a 1-km2 resolution for the conterminous USA. In this study, SNODAS snow depth and SWE estimates were compared with independent, ground-based snow survey data in the Colorado Rocky Mountains to assess SNODAS accuracy at the 1-km2 scale. Accuracy also was evaluated at the basin scale by comparing SNODAS model output to snowmelt runoff in 31 headwater basins with US Geological Survey stream gauges. Results from the snow surveys indicated that SNODAS performed well in forested areas, explaining 72% of the variance in snow depths and 77% of the variance in SWE. However, SNODAS showed poor agreement with measurements in alpine areas, explaining 16% of the variance in snow depth and 30% of the variance in SWE. At the basin scale, snowmelt runoff was moderately correlated (R2 = 0.52) with SNODAS model estimates. A simple method for adjusting SNODAS SWE estimates in alpine areas was developed that uses relations between prevailing wind direction, terrain, and vegetation to account for wind redistribution of snow in alpine terrain. The adjustments substantially improved agreement between measurements and SNODAS estimates, with the R2 of measured SWE values against SNODAS SWE estimates increasing from 0.42 to 0.63 and the root mean square error decreasing from 12 to 6 cm. Results from this study indicate that SNODAS can provide reliable data for input to moderate-scale to large-scale hydrologic models, which are essential for creating accurate runoff forecasts. Refinement of SNODAS SWE estimates for alpine areas to account for wind redistribution of snow could further improve model performance. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/hyp.9385","usgsCitation":"Clow, D.W., Nanus, L., Verdin, K.L., and Schmidt, J., 2012, Evaluation of SNODAS snow depth and snow water equivalent estimates for the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 26, no. 17, p. 2583-2591, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9385.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2583","endPage":"2591","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257800,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9385","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","volume":"26","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c21e4b0c8380cd52a4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nanus, Leora","contributorId":27930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanus","given":"Leora","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, Kristine L. 0000-0002-6114-4660 kverdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":3070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"Kristine","email":"kverdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, Jeffrey","contributorId":90972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037787,"text":"70037787 - 2012 - Late twentieth century land-cover change in the basin and range ecoregions of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-14T14:57:22","indexId":"70037787","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3242,"text":"Regional Environmental Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late twentieth century land-cover change in the basin and range ecoregions of the United States","docAbstract":"As part of the US Geological Survey's Land Cover Trends project, land-use/land-cover change estimates between 1973 and 2000 are presented for the basin and range ecoregions, including Northern, Central, Mojave, and Sonoran. Landsat data were employed to estimate and characterize land-cover change from 1973, 1980, 1986, 1992, and 2000 using a post-classification comparison. Overall, spatial change was 2.5% (17,830 km2). Change increased steadily between 1973 and 1986 but decreased slightly between 1992 and 2000. The grassland/shrubland class, frequently used for livestock grazing, constituted the majority of the study area and had a net decrease from an estimated 83.8% (587,024 km2) in 1973 to 82.6% (578,242 km2) in 2000. The most common land-use/land-cover conversions across the basin and range ecoregions were indicative of the changes associated with natural, nonmechanical disturbances (i.e., fire), and grassland/shrubland loss to development, agriculture, and mining. This comprehensive look at contemporary land-use/land-cover change provides critical insight into how the deserts of the United States have changed and can be used to inform adaptive management practices of public lands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional Environmental Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10113-012-0296-3","usgsCitation":"Soulard, C.E., and Sleeter, B.M., 2012, Late twentieth century land-cover change in the basin and range ecoregions of the United States: Regional Environmental Change, v. 12, no. 4, p. 813-823, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-012-0296-3.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"813","endPage":"823","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259228,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-012-0296-3","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4560e4b0c8380cd6727c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039247,"text":"sir20125112 - 2012 - Assessment of nutrients and suspended sediment conditions in and near the Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge, Northwest Minnesota, 2008–2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:29:03","indexId":"sir20125112","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5112","title":"Assessment of nutrients and suspended sediment conditions in and near the Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge, Northwest Minnesota, 2008–2010","docAbstract":"In response to concerns about water-quality impairments that may affect habitat degradation in Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge in northwest Minnesota, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service collected streamflow data, discrete nutrient and suspended- sediment samples, and continuous water-quality data from 2008 to 2010. Constituent loads were estimated for nutrients and suspended sediment using sample data and streamflow data. In addition, a potential water-quality and streamflow monitoring program design was developed for Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge. Results from this study can be used by resource managers to address identified impairments and protect wildlife habitat and public water supply, and may contribute toward developing more effective water-management plans for Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125112","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Nustad, R.A., and Galloway, J.M., 2012, Assessment of nutrients and suspended sediment conditions in and near the Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge, Northwest Minnesota, 2008–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5112, viii, 45 p.; ill. (col.); col. maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125112.","productDescription":"viii, 45 p.; ill. (col.); col. maps","startPage":"i","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5112.gif"},{"id":259209,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5112/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259210,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5112/sir2012-5112.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee46e4b0c8380cd49c7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nustad, Rochelle A. 0000-0002-4713-5944 ranustad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-5944","contributorId":1811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nustad","given":"Rochelle","email":"ranustad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038620,"text":"70038620 - 2012 - Freshwater DOM quantity and quality from a two-component model of UV absorbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-31T01:01:47","indexId":"70038620","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Freshwater DOM quantity and quality from a two-component model of UV absorbance","docAbstract":"We present a model that considers UV-absorbing dissolved organic matter (DOM) to consist of two components (A and B), each with a distinct and constant spectrum. Component A absorbs UV light strongly, and is therefore presumed to possess aromatic chromophores and hydrophobic character, whereas B absorbs weakly and can be assumed hydrophilic. We parameterised the model with dissolved organic carbon concentrations [DOC] and corresponding UV spectra for c. 1700 filtered surface water samples from North America and the United Kingdom, by optimising extinction coefficients for A and B, together with a small constant concentration of non-absorbing DOM (0.80 mg DOC L-1). Good unbiased predictions of [DOC] from absorbance data at 270 and 350 nm were obtained (r2 = 0.98), the sum of squared residuals in [DOC] being reduced by 66% compared to a regression model fitted to absorbance at 270 nm alone. The parameterised model can use measured optical absorbance values at any pair of suitable wavelengths to calculate both [DOC] and the relative amounts of A and B in a water sample, i.e. measures of quantity and quality. Blind prediction of [DOC] was satisfactory for 9 of 11 independent data sets (181 of 213 individual samples).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.021","usgsCitation":"Carter, H.T., Tipping, E., Koprivnjak, J., Miller, M.P., Cookson, B., and Hamilton-Taylor, J., 2012, Freshwater DOM quantity and quality from a two-component model of UV absorbance: Water Research, v. 46, no. 14, p. 4532-4542, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.021.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"4532","endPage":"4542","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474395,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.021","text":"External Repository"},{"id":259215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259206,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.021","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"46","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13dbe4b0c8380cd547e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Heather T.","contributorId":19826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tipping, Edward","contributorId":36405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tipping","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koprivnjak, Jean-Francois","contributorId":52020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koprivnjak","given":"Jean-Francois","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":3919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cookson, Brenda","contributorId":33960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cookson","given":"Brenda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hamilton-Taylor, John","contributorId":12729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton-Taylor","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70039149,"text":"fs20123065 - 2012 - Water Resources of Beauregard Parish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-28T01:01:41","indexId":"fs20123065","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3065","title":"Water Resources of Beauregard Parish","docAbstract":"In 2005, about 30.6 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water was withdrawn in Beauregard Parish, Louisiana, including about 30.4 Mgal/d from groundwater sources and 0.1 Mgal/d from surface water sources. Industrial use, primarily for wood products, accounted for about 72 percent (22.0 Mgal/d) of the total water withdrawn. Other categories of use included public supply, rural domestic, livestock, rice irrigation, general irrigation, and aquaculture. Water-use data collected at 5-year intervals from 1960 to 2005 indicate water withdrawals in the parish peaked at about 43.5 Mgal/d in 1985. The large increase in groundwater usage from 1970 to 1975 was primarily due to industrial withdrawals, which increased from 3.64 Mgl/d in 1970 to 29.0 Mgal/d in 1975. This fact sheet summarizes information on the water resources of Beauregard Parish, La. Information on groundwater and surface-water availability, quality, development, use, and trends is based on previously published reports listed in the Selected References section.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123065","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Prakken, L., Griffith, J.M., and Fendick, R., 2012, Water Resources of Beauregard Parish: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3065, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123065.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3065.JPG"},{"id":259184,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3065/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259185,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3065/FS12-3065.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Beauregard Parish","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc783e4b08c986b32c4a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prakken, Lawrence B.","contributorId":73978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Lawrence B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffith, Jason M. 0000-0002-8942-0380 jmgriff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-0380","contributorId":2923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Jason","email":"jmgriff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fendick, Robert B. Jr. rfendick@usgs.gov","contributorId":1313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fendick","given":"Robert B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rfendick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}