Truncorotalia crassaformis has been identified in Pliocene-Holocene assemblages globally but there has been little analysis of specimens from its type locality at Lomita Quarry, California. This has led to confusion about some diagnostic criteria, particularly the presence of a peripheral keel. To better understand variation specimens are studied from the type locality (Pleistocene, c. 400–600 ka), supplemented by material from a plankton trap in Cariaco Basin and from ODP 925, Ceara Rise (Pliocene, c. 4.3 Ma). The damaged holotype has a weak topographic ridge (keel) at the periphery of early chambers of the outer whorl. Several well-preserved specimens have a keel on all chambers of the whorl. Encrustation obscures the periphery on some and masks shell shape. Several outliers in a morphometric analysis of axial shape have distinctive discoidal outlines but ventroconical (cone-like) forms are common. Lomita Marl was deposited on a sheltered, shallow shelf in Chron 1. Foraminifera reworked from the unconformably underlying Repetto Siltstone are present. Specimens resembling the holotype are very rare and often damaged. Morphological disparity is high. It is unlikely that an autochthonous population was sampled. The weak peripheral keel present on some living specimens from Cariaco Basin is built incrementally by a thin featureless calcitic veneer deposited between the morphogenesis of each chamber. The process progressively obscures pores in the primary wall. Its earliest stages have been misidentified as a poreless zone. Ventroconical form is weak in the Ceara Rise Pliocene specimens and is distinguishable from the Cariaco sample. There is only a veneer at the periphery. Although the study does not provide a population-based diagnosis of T. crassaformis it indicates that the name should not be applied to early Pliocene forms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2015.02.001","usgsCitation":"Scott, G., Ingle, J.C., McCane, B., Powell, C.L., and Thunell, R.C., 2015, Truncorotalia crassaformis from its type locality: Comparison with Caribbean plankton and Pliocene relatives: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 117, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2015.02.001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-063615","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7c1e7ce4b00f54eb22935c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, George H.","contributorId":201892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"George H.","affiliations":[{"id":36277,"text":"GNS Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":727158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingle, James C. Jr.","contributorId":75809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ingle","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7033,"text":"School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":727159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCane, Brendan","contributorId":201894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCane","given":"Brendan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36279,"text":"Department of Computer Science, University of Otago","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":727160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powell, Charles L. II 0000-0002-1913-555X cpowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1913-555X","contributorId":3243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","email":"cpowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":727157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thunell, Robert C.","contributorId":71028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thunell","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36280,"text":"Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of South Carolina,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":727161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188439,"text":"70188439 - 2015 - Cenozoic stratigraphy and structure of the Chesapeake Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-10T12:02:09","indexId":"70188439","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5369,"text":"GSA Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":15}},"title":"Cenozoic stratigraphy and structure of the Chesapeake Bay region","docAbstract":"The Salisbury embayment is a broad tectonic downwarp that is filled by generally seaward-thickening, wedge-shaped deposits of the central Atlantic Coastal Plain. Our two-day field trip will take us to the western side of this embayment from the Fall Zone in Washington, D.C., to some of the bluffs along Aquia Creek and the Potomac River in Virginia, and then to the Calvert Cliffs on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay. We will see fluvial-deltaic Cretaceous deposits of the Potomac Formation. We will then focus on Cenozoic marine deposits. Transgressive and highstand deposits are stacked upon each other with unconformities separating them; rarely are regressive or lowstand deposits preserved. The Paleocene and Eocene shallow shelf deposits consist of glauconitic, silty sands that contain varying amounts of marine shells. The Miocene shallow shelf deposits consist of diatomaceous silts and silty and shelly sands. The lithology, thickness, dip, preservation, and distribution of the succession of coastal plain sediments that were deposited in our field-trip area are, to a great extent, structurally controlled. Surficial and subsurface mapping using numerous continuous cores, auger holes, water-well data, and seismic surveys has documented some folds and numerous high-angle reverse and normal faults that offset Cretaceous and Cenozoic deposits. Many of these structures are rooted in early Mesozoic and/or Paleozoic NE-trending regional tectonic fault systems that underlie the Atlantic Coastal Plain. On Day 1, we will focus on two fault systems (stops 1–2; Stafford fault system and the Skinkers Neck–Brandywine fault system and their constituent fault zones and faults). We will then see (stops 3–5) a few of the remaining exposures of largely unlithified marine Paleocene and Eocene strata along the Virginia side of the Potomac River including the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum boundary clay. These exposures are capped by fluvial-estuarine Pleistocene terrace deposits. On Day 2, we will see (stops 6–9) the classic Miocene section along the ~25 miles (~40 km) of Calvert Cliffs in Maryland, including a possible fault and structural warping. Cores from nearby test holes will also be shown to supplement outcrops.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2015.0040(07)","usgsCitation":"Powars, D.S., Edwards, L.E., Kidwell, S.M., and Schindler, J.S., 2015, Cenozoic stratigraphy and structure of the Chesapeake Bay region: GSA Field Guides, v. 40, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.0040(07).","productDescription":"59 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"229","ipdsId":"IP-066988","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","volume":"40","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593d0539e4b0764e6c61b65a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kidwell, Susan M.","contributorId":18003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kidwell","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":33013,"text":"Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schindler, J. Stephen 0000-0001-9550-5957 sschindl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-5957","contributorId":3270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"J.","email":"sschindl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70128767,"text":"70128767 - 2015 - Correspondence of biological condition models of California streams at statewide and regional scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-12T09:41:38","indexId":"70128767","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correspondence of biological condition models of California streams at statewide and regional scales","docAbstract":"We used boosted regression trees (BRT) to model stream biological condition as measured by benthic macroinvertebrate taxonomic completeness, the ratio of observed to expected (O/E) taxa. Models were developed with and without exclusion of rare taxa at a site. BRT models are robust, requiring few assumptions compared with traditional modeling techniques such as multiple linear regression. The BRT models were constructed to provide baseline support to stressor delineation by identifying natural physiographic and human land use gradients affecting stream biological condition statewide and for eight ecological regions within the state, as part of the development of numerical biological objectives for California’s wadeable streams. Regions were defined on the basis of ecological, hydrologic, and jurisdictional factors and roughly corresponded with ecoregions. Physiographic and land use variables were derived from geographic information system coverages. The model for the entire state (n = 1,386) identified a composite measure of anthropogenic disturbance (the sum of urban, agricultural, and unmanaged roadside vegetation land cover) within the local watershed as the most important variable, explaining 56 % of the variance in O/E values. Models for individual regions explained between 51 and 84 % of the variance in O/E values. Measures of human disturbance were important in the three coastal regions. In the South Coast and Coastal Chaparral, local watershed measures of urbanization were the most important variables related to biological condition, while in the North Coast the composite measure of human disturbance at the watershed scale was most important. In the two mountain regions, natural gradients were most important, including slope, precipitation, and temperature. The remaining three regions had relatively small sample sizes (n ≤ 75 sites) and had models that gave mixed results. Understanding the spatial scale at which land use and land cover affect taxonomic completeness is imperative for sound management. Our results suggest that invertebrate taxonomic completeness is affected by human disturbance at the statewide and regional levels, with some differences among regions in the importance of natural gradients and types of human disturbance. The construction and application of models similar to the ones presented here could be useful in the planning and prioritization of actions for protection and conservation of biodiversity in California streams.
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R","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mazor, Raphael D","contributorId":120256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazor","given":"Raphael D","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schiff, Kenneth C","contributorId":117688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiff","given":"Kenneth C","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70048179,"text":"70048179 - 2015 - Lake formation, characteristics and evolution in retroarc deposystems: A synthesis of data from the modern Andean orogen and its associated basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-17T09:41:09","indexId":"70048179","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Lake formation, characteristics and evolution in retroarc deposystems: A synthesis of data from the modern Andean orogen and its associated basins","docAbstract":"Lake deposystems are commonly associated with retroarc mountain belts in the geological record. These deposystems are poorly characterized in modern retroarcs, placing limits on our ability to interpret environmental signals from ancient deposits. To address this problem, we have synthesized our existing knowledge about the distribution, morphometrics, and sedimentary geochemical characteristics of tectonically formed lakes in the central Andean retroarc. Large, active mountain belts such as the Andes frequently create an excess of sediment, to the point that modeling and observational data both suggest their adjacent retroarc basins will be rapidly overfilled by sediments. Lake formation, requiring topographic closure, demands special conditions such as topographic isolation and arid climatic conditions to reduce sediment generation, and bedrock lithologies that yield little siliciclastic sediment.
Lacustrine deposition in the modern Andean retroarc has different characteristics in the six major morphotectonic zones discussed. (1) High-elevation hinterland basins of the arid Puna-Altiplano Plateau frequently contain underfilled and balanced-filled lakes that are potentially long-lived and display relatively rapid sedimentation rates. (2) Lakes are rare in piggyback basins, although a transition zone exists where basins that originally formed as piggybacks are transferred to the hinterland through forward propagation of the thrust belt. Here, lakes are moderately abundant and long-lived and display somewhat lower sedimentation rates than in the hinterland. (3) Wedge-top and (4) foredeep deposystems of the Andean retroarc are generally overfilled, and lakes are small and ephemeral. (5) Semihumid Andean back-bulge basins contain abundant small lakes, which are moderately long-lived because of underfilling by sediment and low sedimentation rates. (6) Broken foreland lakes are common, typically underfilled, large, and long-lived playa or shallow systems.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geodynamic of a cordilleran orogenic system: The central Andes of Argentina and northern Chile ","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2015.1212(16)","usgsCitation":"Cohen, A.S., McGlue, M., Ellis, G.S., Zani, H., Swarzenski, P.W., Assine, M.L., and Silva, A., 2015, Lake formation, characteristics and evolution in retroarc deposystems: A synthesis of data from the modern Andean orogen and its associated basins, chap. of Geodynamic of a cordilleran orogenic system: The central Andes of Argentina and northern Chile , v. 212, p. 309-335, https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.1212(16).","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"335","ipdsId":"IP-043891","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11449/227914","text":"External Repository"},{"id":355704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Andes Mountains","volume":"212","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fcc80e4b0f5d57878ece3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"DeCelles, Peter G.","contributorId":16318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCelles","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740145,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ducea, Mihai N.","contributorId":86913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ducea","given":"Mihai N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740146,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carrapa, Barbara","contributorId":9958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrapa","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740147,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kapp, Paul","contributorId":79402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapp","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740148,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Cohen, Andrew S.","contributorId":138496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cohen","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGlue, Michael M.","contributorId":118649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlue","given":"Michael M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, Geoffrey S. 0000-0003-4519-3320 gsellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-3320","contributorId":1058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gsellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zani, Hiran","contributorId":29119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zani","given":"Hiran","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Assine, Mario L.","contributorId":102618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assine","given":"Mario","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Silva, Aguinaldo","contributorId":15750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"Aguinaldo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70141607,"text":"70141607 - 2015 - Preface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-13T17:07:42","indexId":"70141607","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5198,"text":"Geological Society of America Special Papers ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preface","docAbstract":"This book grew out of a topical session on “Central Virginia Earthquakes of 2011: Geology, Geophysics, and Significance for Seismic Hazards in Eastern North America” at the 2012 The Geological Society of America (GSA) Annual Meeting in Charlotte, North Carolina (USA). It also benefitted from related sessions at other meetings. The goal of this volume, The 2011 Mineral, Virginia, Earthquake, and Its Significance for Seismic Hazards in Eastern North America, is to bring together as much information as possible on lessons learned from this rare event. Chapters encompass a wide range of geoscience, engineering, and related studies of this earthquake and its effects from the epicentral area in central Virginia to Washington, D.C., and beyond. The intended audience is a broad spectrum of geoscientists, engineers, and decision makers interested in understanding earthquakes and seismic hazards in eastern North America and other intraplate settings. Chapters by Berti et al. (21), Chapman (2), Costain (8), Davenport et al. (15), Green et al. (9), Heller and Carter (10), Horton et al. (14), Hughes et al. (19), Powars et al. (23), Pratt et al. (16), Roeloffs et al. (7), Shah et al. (17), Stephenson et al. (3), Walsh et al. (18), and Wells et al. (12) are expansions of presentations at the 2012 GSA meeting. The volume also contains chapters from recent studies that were not presented at the GSA meeting, including those by Bobyarchick (22), Burton et al. (20), Dreiling and Mooney (5), Li et al. (11), McNamara et al. (4), Pollitz and Mooney (6), and Shahidi et al. (13). Following an overview and synthesis by the volume editors (1), chapters are arranged under the topical headings “Seismology and Regional Effects,” “Earthquake Damage, Geotechnical, and Engineering Investigations,” “Aftershocks, Geophysical Imaging, and Modeling,” “Geologic Investigations—Epicentral Area,” and “Geologic Investigations— Central Virginia Seismic Zone and Nearby Faults.”
We thank the authors for their contributions and the many scientists and engineers who contributed time and expertise in reviewing manuscripts to substantially improve the quality of the volume. These reviewers include Gail Atkinson, Christopher Bailey, Richard Berquist, Kimberly Blisniuk, Paul Bodin, Aaron Bradshaw, Clive Collins, Ariel Conn, Randy Cox, Haitham Dawood, James Dewey, John Ebel, David Fenster, Alexander Gates, Kathleen Haller, Gregory Hancock, Robert Hatcher, William Henika, Paul Hsieh, Steven Jaumé, Jeffrey Kimball, Charles Langston, Jongwon Lee, Andrea Llenos, John McBride, Scott Olson, Michael Oskin, Brent Owens, Gilles Peltzer, Mark Quigley, Dhananjay Ravat, David Saftner, Arthur Snoke, Jamison Steidl, Kevin Stewart, Alice Stieve, Danielle Sumy, Ertugrul Taciroglu, Roy Van Arsdale, Mason Walters, Chiyuen Wang, Yang Wang, Richard Whittecar, Lorraine Wolf, Clint Wood, Liam Wotherspoon, and some anonymous reviewers.
The National Park Service is concerned that increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition caused by fossil fuel combustion and agricultural activities could adversely affect the northern Great Plains (NGP) ecosystems in its trust. The critical load concept facilitates communication between scientists and policy makers or land managers by translating the complex effects of air pollution on ecosystems into concrete numbers that can be used to inform air quality targets. A critical load is the exposure level below which significant harmful effects on sensitive elements of the environment do not occur. A recent review of the literature suggested that the nitrogen critical load for Great Plains vegetation is 10-25 kg N/ha/yr. For comparison, current atmospheric nitrogen deposition in NGP National Park Service (NPS) units ranges from ~4 kg N/ha/yr in the west to ~13 kg N/ha/yr in the east. The suggested critical load, however, was derived from studies far outside of the NGP, and from experiments investigating nitrogen loads substantially higher than current atmospheric deposition in the region.
Therefore, to better determine the nitrogen critical load for sensitive elements in NGP parks, we conducted a four-year field experiment in three northern Great Plains vegetation types at Badlands and Wind Cave National Parks. The vegetation types were chosen because of their importance in NGP parks, their expected sensitivity to nitrogen addition, and to span a range of natural fertility. In the experiment, we added nitrogen at rates ranging from below current atmospheric deposition (2.5 kg N/ha/yr) to far above those levels but commensurate with earlier experiments (100 kg N/ha/yr). We measured the response of a variety of vegetation and soil characteristics shown to be sensitive to nitrogen addition in other studies, including plant biomass production, plant tissue nitrogen concentration, plant species richness and composition, non-native species abundance, and soil inorganic nitrogen concentration. To determine critical loads for the NGP plant communities in our experiment, we followed the NPS’s precautionary principle in assuming that it is better to be cautious than to let harm occur to the environment. Thus, the critical loads we derived are the lowest nitrogen level that any of our data suggest has a measureable effect on any of the response variables measured.
Badlands sparse vegetation, a low-productivity plant community that is an important part of the scenery at Badlands National Park and provides habitat for rare plant species, was the most sensitive of the three vegetation types. More aspects of this vegetation type responded to nitrogen addition, and at lower levels, than at the other two sites. Our data suggest that nitrogen deposition levels of 4- 6 kg N/ha/yr may increase biomass production, and consequently the amount of dead plant material on the ground in this plant community. Slightly higher critical loads are suggested for the two more productive vegetation types more characteristic of most NGP grasslands: 6-10 kg N/ha/yr for biomass production, grass tissue nitrogen concentration, or non-native species (especially annual brome grasses) cover. Highly variable results among years, as well as inconsistent responses to an increasing dose of nitrogen within sites, complicated the derivation of critical loads in this experiment, however. A less precautionary approach to deriving critical loads yielded higher values of 10-38 kg N/ha/yr.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Symstad, A., Smith, A.T., Newton, W.E., and Knapp, A., 2015, Potential nitrogen critical loads for northern Great Plains grassland vegetation: Natural Resource Report NPS/NGPN/NRR - 2015/989, viii, 59 p.","productDescription":"viii, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"72","ipdsId":"IP-064923","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305827,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2222974"},{"id":341347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Northern Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.218017578125,\n 49.001843917978526\n ],\n [\n -104.26025390625,\n 48.99463598353405\n ],\n [\n -104.26025390625,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -104.34814453125,\n 45.19752230305682\n ],\n [\n -104.501953125,\n 43.40504748787035\n ],\n [\n -104.67773437499999,\n 41.72213058512578\n ],\n [\n -104.26025390625,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -103.35937499999999,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -102.0849609375,\n 39.690280594818034\n ],\n [\n -101.5576171875,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 42.47209690919285\n ],\n [\n -96.65771484375,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -96.52587890625,\n 42.97250158602597\n ],\n [\n -96.48193359375,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -96.48193359375,\n 43.5326204268101\n ],\n [\n -96.45996093749999,\n 43.76315996157264\n ],\n [\n -96.43798828125,\n 45.127804527473224\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 45.38301927899065\n ],\n [\n -96.690673828125,\n 45.43700828867391\n ],\n [\n -96.85546875,\n 45.598665689820635\n ],\n [\n -96.78955078125,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -96.580810546875,\n 45.84410779560204\n ],\n [\n -96.580810546875,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -96.56982421875,\n 46.28622391806706\n ],\n [\n -96.800537109375,\n 46.649436163350245\n ],\n [\n -96.767578125,\n 46.94276208682137\n ],\n [\n -96.8115234375,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -96.800537109375,\n 47.24194882163242\n ],\n [\n -96.822509765625,\n 47.60616304386874\n ],\n [\n -97.108154296875,\n 48.085418575511966\n ],\n [\n -97.119140625,\n 48.494767515307295\n ],\n [\n -97.13012695312499,\n 48.80686346108517\n ],\n [\n -97.218017578125,\n 49.001843917978526\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591c0fcbe4b0a7fdb43ddefa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Symstad, Amy J. 0000-0003-4231-2873 asymstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-2873","contributorId":2611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy J.","email":"asymstad@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Anine T.","contributorId":145711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Anine","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6737,"text":"Colorado State University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, and Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knapp, Alan K.","contributorId":139807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"Alan K.","affiliations":[{"id":13277,"text":"Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Ft. 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Since the 1970’s, the USGS Lake Ontario Biological Station has assessed benthic fish populations and community dynamics with bottom trawls at depths ranging from 8 m out to depths of 150-225 m along the south and eastern shores of Lake Ontario. From the late 1970’s through the early 2000’s the benthic fish community was dominated by Slimy Sculpin Cottus cognatus, but in 2004 non-native Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus abundance increased and, since then Round Goby have generally been the dominant benthic species. Over the past 10 years the native Deepwater Sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii, once considered absent from the lake, have increased. Presently their lake-wide biomass density is equal to, or larger than, Slimy Sculpin. Species-specific assessments found Slimy and Deepwater Sculpin abundance increased slightly in 2014 relative to 2013, while changes in Round Goby abundance differed between spring and fall survey. Recent survey modifications have increased our understanding of benthic prey fish abundance and behavior in Lake Ontario. For instance, increasing the maximum tow depth to 225 m in 2014 improved our understanding of Deepwater Sculpin distribution in this rarely sampled lake habitat.
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bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, Maureen 0000-0001-7846-5025 mwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7846-5025","contributorId":3659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Maureen","email":"mwalsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187035,"text":"70187035 - 2015 - An ignimbrite caldera from the bottom up: Exhumed floor and fill of the resurgent Bonanza caldera, Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T16:07:56","indexId":"70187035","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An ignimbrite caldera from the bottom up: Exhumed floor and fill of the resurgent Bonanza caldera, Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, Colorado","docAbstract":"Among large ignimbrites, the Bonanza Tuff and its source caldera in the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field display diverse depositional and structural features that provide special insights concerning eruptive processes and caldera development. In contrast to the nested loci for successive ignimbrite eruptions at many large multicyclic calderas elsewhere, Bonanza caldera is an areally isolated structure that formed in response to a single ignimbrite eruption. The adjacent Marshall caldera, the nonresurgent lava-filled source for the 33.9-Ma Thorn Ranch Tuff, is the immediate precursor for Bonanza, but projected structural boundaries of two calderas are largely or entirely separate even though the western topographic rim of Bonanza impinges on the older caldera. Bonanza, source of a compositionally complex regional ignimbrite sheet erupted at 33.12 ± 0.03 Ma, is a much larger caldera system than previously recognized. It is a subequant structure ∼20 km in diameter that subsided at least 3.5 km during explosive eruption of ∼1000 km3 of magma, then resurgently domed its floor a similar distance vertically. Among its features: (1) varied exposure levels of an intact caldera due to rugged present-day topography—from Paleozoic and Precambrian basement rocks that are intruded by resurgent plutons, upward through precaldera volcanic floor, to a single thickly ponded intracaldera ignimbrite (Bonanza Tuff), interleaved landslide breccia, and overlying postcollapse lavas; (2) large compositional gradients in the Bonanza ignimbrite (silicic andesite to rhyolite ignimbrite; 60%–76% SiO2); (3) multiple alternations of mafic and silicic zones within a single ignimbrite, rather than simple upward gradation to more mafic compositions; (4) compositional contrasts between outflow sectors of the ignimbrite (mainly crystal-poor rhyolite to east, crystal-rich dacite to west); (5) similarly large compositional diversity among postcollapse caldera-fill lavas and resurgent intrusions; (6) brief time span for the entire caldera cycle (33.12 to ca. 33.03 Ma); (7) an exceptionally steep-sided resurgent dome, with dips of 40°–50° on west and 70°–80° on northeast flanks. Some near-original caldera morphology has been erosionally exhumed and remains defined by present-day landforms (western topographic rim, resurgent core, and ring-fault valley), while tilting and deep erosion provide three-dimensional exposures of intracaldera fill, floor, and resurgent structures. The absence of Plinian-fall deposits beneath proximal ignimbrites at Bonanza and other calderas in the region is interpreted as evidence for early initiation of pyroclastic flows, rather than lack of a high eruption column. Although the absence of a Plinian deposit beneath some ignimbrites elsewhere has been interpreted to indicate that abrupt rapid foundering of the magma-body roof initiated the eruption, initial caldera collapse began at Bonanza only after several hundred kilometers of rhyolitic tuff had erupted, as indicated by the minor volume of this composition in the basal intracaldera ignimbrite. Caldera-filling ignimbrite has been largely stripped from the southern and eastern flank of the Bonanza dome, exposing large areas of caldera-floor as a structurally coherent domed plate, bounded by ring faults with locations that are geometrically closely constrained even though largely concealed beneath valley alluvium. The structurally coherent floor at Bonanza contrasts with fault-disrupted floors at some well-exposed multicyclic calderas where successive ignimbrite eruptions caused recurrent subsidence. Floor rocks at Bonanza are intensely brecciated within ∼100 m inboard of ring faults, probably due to compression and crushing of the subsiding floor in proximity to steep inward-dipping faults. Upper levels of the floor are locally penetrated by dike-like crack fills of intracaldera ignimbrite, interpreted as dilatant fracture fills rather than ignimbrite vents. The resurgence geometry at Bonanza has implications for intracaldera-ignimbrite volume; this parameter may have been overestimated at some young calderas elsewhere, with bearing on outflow-intracaldera ratios and times of initial caldera collapse. Such features at Bonanza provide insights for interpreting calderas universally, with respect to processes of caldera collapse and resurgence, inception of subsidence in relation to progression of the ignimbrite eruption, complications with characterizing structural versus topographic margins of calderas, contrasts between intra- versus extracaldera ignimbrite, and limitations in assessing volumes of large caldera-forming eruptions. Bonanza provides a rare site where intact caldera margins and floor are exhumed and exposed, providing valuable perspectives for understanding younger similar calderas in some of the world’s most active and dangerous silicic provinces.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01184.1","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., Zimmerer, M.J., and McIntosh, W.C., 2015, An ignimbrite caldera from the bottom up: Exhumed floor and fill of the resurgent Bonanza caldera, Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, Colorado: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 6, p. 1902-1947, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01184.1.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"1902","endPage":"1947","ipdsId":"IP-062954","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01184.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340001,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877bbe4b0b7ea54521c30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerer, Matthew J.","contributorId":191162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerer","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIntosh, William C.","contributorId":191163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntosh","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188036,"text":"70188036 - 2015 - Automated integration of lidar into the LANDFIRE product suite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-28T16:22:27","indexId":"70188036","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3251,"text":"Remote Sensing Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Automated integration of lidar into the LANDFIRE product suite","docAbstract":"Accurate information about three-dimensional canopy structure and wildland fuel across the landscape is necessary for fire behaviour modelling system predictions. Remotely sensed data are invaluable for assessing these canopy characteristics over large areas; lidar data, in particular, are uniquely suited for quantifying three-dimensional canopy structure. Although lidar data are increasingly available, they have rarely been applied to wildland fuels mapping efforts, mostly due to two issues. First, the Landscape Fire and Resource Planning Tools (LANDFIRE) program, which has become the default source of large-scale fire behaviour modelling inputs for the US, does not currently incorporate lidar data into the vegetation and fuel mapping process because spatially continuous lidar data are not available at the national scale. Second, while lidar data are available for many land management units across the US, these data are underutilized for fire behaviour applications. This is partly due to a lack of local personnel trained to process and analyse lidar data. This investigation addresses these issues by developing the Creating Hybrid Structure from LANDFIRE/lidar Combinations (CHISLIC) tool. CHISLIC allows individuals to automatically generate a suite of vegetation structure and wildland fuel parameters from lidar data and infuse them into existing LANDFIRE data sets. CHISLIC will become available for wider distribution to the public through a partnership with the U.S. Forest Service’s Wildland Fire Assessment System (WFAS) and may be incorporated into the Wildland Fire Decision Support System (WFDSS) with additional design and testing. WFAS and WFDSS are the primary systems used to support tactical and strategic wildland fire management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Frances","doi":"10.1080/2150704X.2015.1029086","usgsCitation":"Peterson, B., Nelson, K., Seielstad, C., Stoker, J.M., Jolly, W.M., and Parsons, R., 2015, Automated integration of lidar into the LANDFIRE product suite: Remote Sensing Letters, v. 6, no. 3, p. 247-256, https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2015.1029086.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"256","ipdsId":"IP-057258","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341894,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84bee4b092b266f10d5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Birgit 0000-0002-4356-1540 bpeterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4356-1540","contributorId":192353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Birgit","email":"bpeterson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Kurtis 0000-0003-4911-4511 knelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-4511","contributorId":3602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Kurtis","email":"knelson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seielstad, Carl","contributorId":192354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seielstad","given":"Carl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stoker, Jason M. 0000-0003-2455-0931 jstoker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2455-0931","contributorId":3021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"Jason","email":"jstoker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jolly, W. Matt","contributorId":192355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jolly","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Matt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parsons, Russell","contributorId":192356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parsons","given":"Russell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70171569,"text":"70171569 - 2015 - Micrometer-scale U–Pb age domains in eucrite zircons, impact re-setting, and the thermal history of the HED parent body","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-06T10:12:41","indexId":"70171569","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Micrometer-scale U–Pb age domains in eucrite zircons, impact re-setting, and the thermal history of the HED parent body","docAbstract":"Meteoritic zircons are rare, but some are documented to occur in asteroidal meteorites, including those of the howardite–eucrite–diogenite (HED) achondrite clan (Rubin, A. [1997]. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 32, 231–247). The HEDs are widely considered to originate from the Asteroid 4 Vesta. Vesta and the other large main belt asteroids record an early bombardment history. To explore this record, we describe sub-micrometer distributions of trace elements (U, Th) and 235,238U–207,206Pb ages from four zircons (>7–40 μm ∅) separated from bulk samples of the brecciated eucrite Millbillillie. Ultra-high resolution (∼100 nm) ion microprobe depth profiles reveal different zircon age domains correlative to mineral chemistry and to possible impact scenarios. Our new U–Pb zircon geochronology shows that Vesta’s crust solidified within a few million years of Solar System formation (4561 ± 13 Ma), in good agreement with previous work (e.g. Carlson, R.W., Lugmair, G.W. [2000]. Timescales of planetesimal formation and differentiation based on extinct and extant radioisotopes. In: Canup, R., Righter, K. (Eds.), Origin of the Earth and Moon. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 25–44). Younger zircon age domains (ca. 4530 Ma) also record crustal processes, but these are interpreted to be exogenous because they are well after the effective extinction of 26Al (t1/2 = 0.72 Myr). An origin via impact-resetting was evaluated with a suite of analytical impact models. Output shows that if a single impactor was responsible for the ca. 4530 Ma zircon ages, it had to have been ⩾10 km in diameter and at high enough velocity (>5 km s−1) to account for the thermal field required to re-set U–Pb ages. Such an impact would have penetrated at least 10 km into Vesta’s crust. Later events at ca. 4200 Ma are documented in HED apatite 235,238U–207,206Pb ages (Zhou, Q. et al. [2011]. Early basaltic volcanism and Late Heavy Bombardment on Vesta: U–Pb ages of small zircons and phosphates in eucrites. Lunar Planet. Sci. 42. Abstract #2575) and 40–39Ar age spectra (Bogard, D.D. [2011]. Chem. Erde 71, 207–226). Yet younger ages, including those coincident with the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB; ca. 3900 Ma), are absent from Millbillillie zircon. This is attributable to primordial changes to the velocity distributions of impactors in the asteroid belt, and differences in mineral closure temperatures (Tc zircon ≫ apatite).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.025","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, M., Mojzsis, S., Bottke, W., and Abramov, O., 2015, Micrometer-scale U–Pb age domains in eucrite zircons, impact re-setting, and the thermal history of the HED parent body: Icarus, v. 245, p. 367-378, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.025.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"378","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042684","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"245","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57569eb4e4b023b96ec28473","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopkins, M.D.","contributorId":170051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopkins","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12481,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mojzsis, S.J.","contributorId":170052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mojzsis","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[{"id":12481,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bottke, W.F.","contributorId":170053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bottke","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[{"id":25663,"text":"Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colo.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abramov, Oleg oabramov@usgs.gov","contributorId":604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abramov","given":"Oleg","email":"oabramov@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70135743,"text":"70135743 - 2015 - Use of flux and morphologic sediment budgets for sandbar monitoring on the Colorado River in Marble Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T13:12:06","indexId":"70135743","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of flux and morphologic sediment budgets for sandbar monitoring on the Colorado River in Marble Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"The magnitude and pfattern of streamflow and sediment supply of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon (Figure 1) has been affected by the existence and operations of Glen Canyon Dam since filling of Lake Powell Reservoir began in March 1963. In the subsequent 30 years, fine sediment was scoured from the downstream channel (Topping et al., 2000; Grams et al., 2007), resulting in a decline in the number and size of sandbars in the eastern half of Grand Canyon National Park (Wright et al., 2005; Schmidt et al., 2004). The Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP) administered by the U.S. Department of Interior oversees efforts to manage the Colorado River ecosystem downstream from Glen Canyon Dam. One of the goals of the GCDAMP is to maintain and increase the number and size of sandbars in this context of a limited sand supply. Management actions to benefit sandbars have included curtailment of daily streamflow fluctuations, which occur for hydropower generation, and implementation of controlled floods, also called high-flow experiments.
Studies of controlled floods, defined as intentional releases that exceed the maximum discharge capacity of the Glen Canyon Dam powerplant, implemented between 1996 and 2008, have demonstrated that these events cause increases in sandbar size throughout Marble and Grand Canyons (Hazel et al., 2010; Schmidt and Grams, 2011; Mueller et al., 2014), although the magnitude of response is spatially variable (Hazel et al., 1999; 2010). Controlled floods may build some sandbars at the expense of erosion of sand from other, upstream, sandbars (Schmidt, 1999). To increase the frequency and effectiveness of sandbar building, the U.S. Department of Interior adopted a “high-flow experimental protocol” to implement controlled floods regularly under conditions of enriched sand supply (U.S. Department of Interior, 2012). Because the supply of sand available to build sandbars has been substantially reduced by Glen Canyon Dam (Topping et al., 2000) and depends entirely on infrequent tributary floods, monitoring of both sandbars and gross sand storage (the sand budget) is required to evaluate whether the high-flow protocol is having the intended effect of increasing sandbar size without progressively depleting sand from the system.
There are many challenges associated with monitoring sand storage and active sand deposits in a river system as large and complex as the 450-km segment of the Colorado River between Glen Canyon Dam and Lake Mead. Previous studies have demonstrated the temporal variation in sand storage associated with sand-supply limitation (Topping et al., 2000) and the spatial variability in the amount of sand stored in eddies and the channel associated with channel hydraulics (Grams et al., 2013). In this study, we report on companion measurements of sand flux and morphologic change to quantify, for the first time, the relation between changes in sand mass balance, changes in within-channel sand storage, and changes in sandbars comprehensively for a 50-km river segment of the Colorado River in lower Marble Canyon within Grand Canyon National Park.
We show that, when measured over the scale of a 50-km river segment, these complementary measurements of the sand budget agree within measurement uncertainty and provide a rare opportunity to integrate the temporally rich sand-flux record with the spatially rich morphologic measurements. Both methods show that sediment was evacuated from lower Marble Canyon over the 3-year study period. The flux-based budget shows the timing of changes in storage relative to dam-release patterns, while the morphologic measurements depict the spatial distribution of erosion and deposition among different depositional settings.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the joint federal interagency conference 2015","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"3rd Joint Federal Interagency Conference on Sedimentation and Hydrologic Modeling","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisherLocation":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference","usgsCitation":"Grams, P.E., Buscombe, D.D., Topping, D.J., Hazel, J.E., and Kaplinski, M., 2015, Use of flux and morphologic sediment budgets for sandbar monitoring on the Colorado River in Marble Canyon, Arizona, in Proceedings of the joint federal interagency conference 2015, Reno, NV, April 19-23, 2015, p. 1144-1155.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1144","endPage":"1155","ipdsId":"IP-061038","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339680,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sedhyd.org/2015/openconf/modules/request.php?module=oc_program&action=summary.php&id=108"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Lower Marble Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.81198120117188,\n 36.58355488335723\n ],\n [\n -111.89300537109375,\n 36.56811502180857\n ],\n [\n -111.95205688476562,\n 36.50411700054829\n ],\n [\n -111.97402954101561,\n 36.424597524795146\n ],\n [\n -111.98638916015625,\n 36.37264499608118\n ],\n [\n -112.00973510742188,\n 36.28745625417975\n ],\n [\n -111.97128295898438,\n 36.20549882293361\n ],\n [\n -111.8023681640625,\n 36.19220033141526\n ],\n [\n -111.75979614257812,\n 36.22322663069841\n ],\n [\n -111.73507690429688,\n 36.28856319836237\n ],\n [\n -111.7474365234375,\n 36.34499652561904\n ],\n [\n -111.75430297851562,\n 36.421282443649496\n ],\n [\n -111.74880981445311,\n 36.48424477824479\n ],\n [\n -111.7529296875,\n 36.55377524336089\n ],\n [\n -111.81198120117188,\n 36.58355488335723\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f08e62e4b06911a29fa85c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buscombe, Daniel D. 0000-0001-6217-5584 dbuscombe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5584","contributorId":5020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buscombe","given":"Daniel","email":"dbuscombe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hazel, Joseph E. Jr.","contributorId":19500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"Joseph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaplinski, Matt","contributorId":22709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70191253,"text":"70191253 - 2015 - Hydrothermal, biogenic, and seawater components in metalliferous black shales of the Brooks Range, Alaska: Synsedimentary metal enrichment in a carbonate ramp setting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:01:00","indexId":"70191253","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal, biogenic, and seawater components in metalliferous black shales of the Brooks Range, Alaska: Synsedimentary metal enrichment in a carbonate ramp setting","docAbstract":"Trace element and Os isotope data for Lisburne Group metalliferous black shales of Middle Mississippian (early Chesterian) age in the Brooks Range of northern Alaska suggest that metals were sourced chiefly from local seawater (including biogenic detritus) but also from externally derived hydrothermal fluids. These black shales are interbedded with phosphorites and limestones in sequences 3 to 35 m thick; deposition occurred mainly on a carbonate ramp during intermittent upwelling under varying redox conditions, from suboxic to anoxic to sulfidic. Deposition of the black shales at ~335 Ma was broadly contemporaneous with sulfide mineralization in the Red Dog and Drenchwater Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, which formed in a distal marginal basin.
Relative to the composition of average black shale, the metalliferous black shales (n = 29) display large average enrichment factors (>10) for Zn (10.1), Cd (11.0), and Ag (20.1). Small enrichments (>2–<10) are shown by V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Pd, Pt, U, Se, Y, and all rare earth elements except Ce, Nd, and Sm. A detailed stratigraphic profile over 23 m in the Skimo Creek area (central Brooks Range) indicates that samples from at and near the top of the section, which accumulated during a period of major upwelling and is broadly correlative with the stratigraphic levels of the Red Dog and Drenchwater Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, have the highest Zn/TOC (total organic carbon), Cu/TOC, and Tl/TOC ratios for calculated marine fractions (no detrital component) of these three metals.
Average authigenic (detrital-free) contents of Mo, V, U, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ge, Re, Se, As, Sb, Tl, Pd, and Au show enrichment factors of 4.3 × 103 to 1.2 × 106 relative to modern seawater. Such moderate enrichments, which are common in other metalliferous black shales, suggest wholly marine sources (seawater and biogenic material) for these metals, given similar trends for enrichment factors in organic-rich sediments of modern upwelling zones on the Namibian, Peruvian, and Chilean shelves. The largest enrichment factors for Zn and Ag are much higher (1.4 × 107 and 2.9 × 107, respectively), consistent with an appreciable hydrothermal component. Other metals such as Cu, Pb, and Tl that are concentrated in several black shale samples, and are locally abundant in the Red Dog and Drenchwater Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, may have a partly hydrothermal origin but this cannot be fully established with the available data. Enrichments in Cr (up to 7.8 × 106) are attributed to marine and not hydrothermal processes. The presence in some samples of large enrichments in Eu (up to 6.1 × 107) relative to modern seawater and of small positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* up to 1.12) are considered unrelated to hydrothermal activity, instead being linked to early diagenetic processes within sulfidic pore fluids.
Initial Os isotope ratios (187Os/188Os) calculated for a paleontologically based depositional age of 335 Ma reveal moderately unradiogenic values of 0.24 to 0.88 for four samples of metalliferous black shale. A proxy for the ratio of coeval early Chesterian seawater is provided by initial (187Os/188Os)335 Ma ratios of four unaltered black shales of the coeval Kuna Formation that average 1.08, nearly identical to the initial ratio of 1.06 for modern seawater. Evaluation of possible sources of unradiogenic Os in the metalliferous black shales suggests that the most likely source was mafic igneous rocks that were leached by externally derived hydrothermal fluids. This unradiogenic Os is interpreted to have been leached by deeply circulating hydrothermal fluids in the Kuna basin, followed by venting of the fluids into overlying seawater.
We propose that metal-bearing hydrothermal fluids that formed Zn-Pb-Ag deposits such as Red Dog or Drenchwater vented into seawater in a marginal basin, were carried by upwelling currents onto the margins of a shallow-water carbonate platform, and were then deposited in organic-rich muds, together with seawater- and biogenically derived components, by syngenetic sedimentary processes. Metal concentration in the black shales was promoted by high biologic productivity, sorption onto organic matter, diffusion across redox boundaries, a low sedimentation rate, and availability of H2S in bottom waters and pore fluids.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.110.3.653","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., Selby, D., and Dumoulin, J.A., 2015, Hydrothermal, biogenic, and seawater components in metalliferous black shales of the Brooks Range, Alaska: Synsedimentary metal enrichment in a carbonate ramp setting: Economic Geology, v. 110, no. 3, p. 653-675, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.110.3.653.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"653","endPage":"675","ipdsId":"IP-053916","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.2998046875,\n 66.87834504307976\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 66.87834504307976\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 71.71888229713917\n ],\n [\n -167.2998046875,\n 71.71888229713917\n ],\n [\n -167.2998046875,\n 66.87834504307976\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d3502ae4b05fe04cc34d73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selby, David","contributorId":193460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Selby","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157120,"text":"70157120 - 2015 - Tsunami geology in paleoseismology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-09T13:47:56","indexId":"70157120","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Tsunami geology in paleoseismology","docAbstract":"The 2004 Indian Ocean and 2011 Tohoku-oki disasters dramatically demonstrated the destructiveness and deadliness of tsunamis. For the assessment of future risk posed by tsunamis it is necessary to understand past tsunami events. Recent work on tsunami deposits has provided new information on paleotsunami events, including their recurrence interval and the size of the tsunamis (e.g. [187–189]). Tsunamis are observed not only on the margin of oceans but also in lakes. The majority of tsunamis are generated by earthquakes, but other events that displace water such as landslides and volcanic eruptions can also generate tsunamis. These non-earthquake tsunamis occur less frequently than earthquake tsunamis; it is, therefore, very important to find and study geologic evidence for past eruption and submarine landslide triggered tsunami events, as their rare occurrence may lead to risks being underestimated. Geologic investigations of tsunamis have historically relied on earthquake geology. Geophysicists estimate the parameters of vertical coseismic displacement that tsunami modelers use as a tsunami's initial condition. The modelers then let the simulated tsunami run ashore. This approach suffers from the relationship between the earthquake and seafloor displacement, the pertinent parameter in tsunami generation, being equivocal. In recent years, geologic investigations of tsunamis have added sedimentology and micropaleontology, which focus on identifying and interpreting depositional and erosional features of tsunamis. For example, coastal sediment may contain deposits that provide important information on past tsunami events [190, 191]. In some cases, a tsunami is recorded by a single sand layer. Elsewhere, tsunami deposits can consist of complex layers of mud, sand, and boulders, containing abundant stratigraphic evidence for sediment reworking and redeposition. These onshore sediments are geologic evidence for tsunamis and are called ‘tsunami deposits’ (Figs. 26 and 27). Tsunami deposits can be classified into two groups: modern tsunami deposits and paleotsunami deposits. A modern tsunami deposit is a deposit whose source event is known. A paleotsunami deposit is a deposit whose age is estimated and has a source that is either inferred to be a historical event or is unknown.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Contribution of Palaeoseismology to Seismic Hazard Assessment in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Atomic Energy Agency","collaboration":"IAEA","usgsCitation":"Nishimura, Y., and Jaffe, B.E., 2015, Tsunami geology in paleoseismology, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"81","ipdsId":"IP-057890","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307971,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/TE-1767_web.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d3dd3ee4b0571647d19ae1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nishimura, Yuichi","contributorId":147449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nishimura","given":"Yuichi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16855,"text":"Hokkaido University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70141018,"text":"70141018 - 2015 - An updated conceptual model of Delta Smelt biology: Our evolving understanding of an estuarine fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T06:55:47","indexId":"70141018","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"90","title":"An updated conceptual model of Delta Smelt biology: Our evolving understanding of an estuarine fish","docAbstract":"The main purpose of this report is to provide an up-to-date assessment and conceptual model of factors affecting Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) throughout its primarily annual life cycle and to demonstrate how this conceptual model can be used for scientific and management purposes. The Delta Smelt is a small estuarine fish that only occurs in the San Francisco Estuary. Once abundant, it is now rare and has been protected under the federal and California Endangered Species Acts since 1993. The Delta Smelt listing was related to a step decline in the early 1980s; however, population abundance decreased even further with the onset of the “pelagic organism decline” (POD) around 2002. A substantial, albeit short-lived, increase in abundance of all life stages in 2011 showed that the Delta Smelt population can still rebound when conditions are favorable for spawning, growth, and survival. In this report, we update previous conceptual models for Delta Smelt to reflect new data and information since the release of the last synthesis report about the POD by the Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary (IEP) in 2010. Specific objectives include: 1. Provide decision makers with a practical tool for evaluating difficult trade-offs associated with management and policy decisions. 2. Provide scientists with a framework from which they can formulate and evaluate hypotheses using qualitative or quantitative models. 3. Provide the general public with a new way of learning about Delta Smelt and their habitat. Our updated conceptual model describes the habitat conditions and ecosystem drivers affecting each Delta Smelt life stage, across seasons and how the seasonal effects contribute to the annual success of the species. The conceptual model consists of two nested and linked levels of increasing specificity. The general life cycle conceptual model for four Delta Smelt life stages (adults, eggs and larvae, juveniles, and subadults) includes stationary ecosystem components and dynamic environmental drivers, habitat attributes, and Delta Smelt responses. The more detailed life stage transition conceptual models for each of the four Delta Smelt life stages describe relationships between environmental drivers, key habitat attributes, and the responses of Delta Smelt to habitat attributes as they transition from one life stage to the next. Our analyses and conceptual model show that good larval recruitment is essential for setting the stage for a strong year class; however, increased growth and survival through subsequent life stages are also needed to achieve and sustain higher population abundance. We used our conceptual model to generate 16 hypotheses about the factors that may have contributed to the 2011 increase in Delta Smelt relative abundance. We then evaluated these hypotheses by comparing habitat conditions and Delta Smelt responses in the wet year 2011 to those in the prior wet year 2006 and in the drier years 2005 and 2010. Larval recruitment was similarly high in both wet years and lower in the drier antecedent years, but juvenile and adult abundance increased only in 2011. In 2005 and 2006, the population was limited by very poor survival from the larval to the juvenile life stage. We found that in 2011, Delta Smelt may have benefitted from a combination of favorable habitat conditions throughout the year, including: 1. Adults and larvae benefitted from prolonged cool spring water temperatures, high 2011 winter and spring outflows which reduced entrainment risk and possibly improved other habitat conditions, and possibly enhanced food availability in late spring. 2. Juveniles benefitted from cool water temperatures in late spring and early summer as well as from improved food availability and low levels of harmful Microcystis. 3. Subadults also benefitted from improved food availability and from favorable habitat conditions in the large, low salinity zone (salinity 1-6) located more toward Suisun Bay,
","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Ecological Program, California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Baxter, R., Brown, L.R., Castillo, G., Conrad, L., Culberson, S.D., Dekar, M.P., Dekar, M., Feyrer, F., Hunt, T., Jones, K., Kirsch, J., Mueller-Solger, A., Nobriga, M., Slater, S., Sommer, T., Souza, K., Erickson, G., Fong, S., Gehrts, K., Grimaldo, L., and Herbold, B., 2015, An updated conceptual model of Delta Smelt biology: Our evolving understanding of an estuarine fish: Technical Report 90, xvi, 206 p.","productDescription":"xvi, 206 p.","ipdsId":"IP-052945","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science 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inhibition of environmental DNA samples","docAbstract":"Isolation of environmental DNA (eDNA) is an increasingly common method for detecting presence and assessing relative abundance of rare or elusive species in aquatic systems via the isolation of DNA from environmental samples and the amplification of species-specific sequences using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Co-extracted substances that inhibit qPCR can lead to inaccurate results and subsequent misinterpretation about a species’ status in the tested system. We tested three treatments (5-fold and 10-fold dilutions, and spin-column purification) for reducing qPCR inhibition from 21 partially and fully inhibited eDNA samples collected from coastal plain wetlands and mountain headwater streams in the southeastern USA. All treatments reduced the concentration of DNA in the samples. However, column purified samples retained the greatest sensitivity. For stream samples, all three treatments effectively reduced qPCR inhibition. However, for wetland samples, the 5-fold dilution was less effective than other treatments. Quantitative PCR results for column purified samples were more precise than the 5-fold and 10-fold dilutions by 2.2× and 3.7×, respectively. Column purified samples consistently underestimated qPCR-based DNA concentrations by approximately 25%, whereas the directional bias in qPCR-based DNA concentration estimates differed between stream and wetland samples for both dilution treatments. While the directional bias of qPCR-based DNA concentration estimates differed among treatments and locations, the magnitude of inaccuracy did not. Our results suggest that 10-fold dilution and column purification effectively reduce qPCR inhibition in mountain headwater stream and coastal plain wetland eDNA samples, and if applied to all samples in a study, column purification may provide the most accurate relative qPCR-based DNA concentrations estimates while retaining the greatest assay sensitivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.031","usgsCitation":"Mckee, A.M., Spear, S.F., and Pierson, T.W., 2015, The effect of dilution and the use of a post-extraction nucleic acid purification column on the accuracy, precision, and inhibition of environmental DNA samples: Biological Conservation, v. 183, p. 70-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.031.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"76","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058140","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297686,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000632071400456X"}],"volume":"183","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2abfe4b08de9379b31ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mckee, Anna M. amckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mckee","given":"Anna","email":"amckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spear, Stephen F.","contributorId":120450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierson, Todd W.","contributorId":115820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70169868,"text":"70169868 - 2015 - Climate-induced range contraction of a rare alpine aquatic invertebrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-28T11:56:22","indexId":"70169868","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-24T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate-induced range contraction of a rare alpine aquatic invertebrate","docAbstract":"Climate warming poses a serious threat to alpine-restricted species worldwide, yet few studies have empirically documented climate-induced changes in distributions. The rare stonefly, Zapada glacier (Baumann and Gaufin), endemic to alpine streams of Glacier National Park (GNP), Montana, was recently petitioned for listing under the US Endangered Species Act because of climate-change-induced glacier loss, yet little was known about its current status and distribution. We resampled streams throughout the historical distribution of Z. glacier to investigate trends in occurrence associated with changes in temperature and glacial extent. The current geographic distribution of the species was assessed using morphological characteristics of adults and DNA barcoding of nymphs. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA data revealed 8 distinct clades of the genus corresponding with 7 known species from GNP, and one potentially cryptic species. Climate model simulations indicate that average summer air temperature increased (0.67–1.00°C) during the study period (1960–2012), and glacial surface area decreased by ∼35% from 1966 to 2005. We detected Z. glacier in only 1 of the 6 historically occupied streams and at 2 new locations in GNP. These results suggest that an extremely restricted historical distribution of Z. glacierin GNP has been further reduced over the past several decades by an upstream retreat to higher, cooler sites as water temperatures increased and glacial masses decreased. More research is urgently needed to determine the status, distribution, and vulnerability of Z. glacier and other alpine stream invertebrates threatened by climate change in mountainous ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Society for Freshwater Science","publisherLocation":"Springfield, IL","doi":"10.1086/679490","usgsCitation":"Giersch, J., Jordan, S., Luikart, G., Jones, L.A., Hauer, F.R., and Muhlfeld, C.C., 2015, Climate-induced range contraction of a rare alpine aquatic invertebrate: Freshwater Science, v. 34, no. 1, p. 53-65, https://doi.org/10.1086/679490.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056728","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319551,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": 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In the hatchery, volitional releases (∼14 to 15 months post-fertilization) to an adjacent river occurred during October–November. The hatchery release was monitored by using an experimental volitional release that diverted fish to a neighboring raceway. Fish captured during the experimental release (range 361–4,321 volitional migrants) were made up of microjacks and immature parr. Microjacks were found only in the migrant samples, averaged 18% (range 0–52%) of all migrants, and were rarely found in non-migrant samples. In comparison, immature parr were common in both the migrant and non-migrant samples. Microjacks were significantly longer (9%), heavier (36%), and had a greater condition factor (16%) than migrant immature parr (P<0.01). In addition, they differed significantly (P<0.01) from non-migrant immature parr; 10% longer, 44% heavier and 14% greater condition factor. In natural streams, microjacks were captured significantly earlier (P<0.01) than immature parr during the late-summer/fall migration and comprised 9–89% of all fish captured. Microjacks have the potential to contribute to natural spawning populations but can also represent a loss of productivity to hatchery programs or create negative effects by introducing non-native genes to wild populations and should be monitored by fishery managers.
","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/022014-JFWM-013","usgsCitation":"Hayes, M.C., Rubin, S.P., Reisenbichler, R.R., and Wetzel, L.A., 2015, Migratory behavior of Chinook salmon microjacks reared in artificial and natural environments: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 6, no. 1, p. 176-186, https://doi.org/10.3996/022014-JFWM-013.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"176","endPage":"186","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054750","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472459,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/022014-jfwm-013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546476a0e4b0ba83040c935b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Michael C. 0000-0002-9060-0565 mhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0565","contributorId":3017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","email":"mhayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, Steve P. 0000-0003-3054-7173 srubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":3018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Steve","email":"srubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70120425,"text":"70120425 - 2015 - Development of a spatially universal framework for classifying stream assemblages with application to conservation planning for Great Lakes lotic fish communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-09T10:23:05","indexId":"70120425","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T14:27:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a spatially universal framework for classifying stream assemblages with application to conservation planning for Great Lakes lotic fish communities","docAbstract":"Classifications are typically specific to particular issues or areas, leading to patchworks of subjectively defined spatial units. Stream conservation is hindered by the lack of a universal habitat classification system and would benefit from an independent hydrology-guided spatial framework of units encompassing all aquatic habitats at multiple spatial scales within large regions. We present a system that explicitly separates the spatial framework from any particular classification developed from the framework. The framework was constructed from landscape variables that are hydrologically and biologically relevant, covered all space within the study area, and was nested hierarchically and spatially related at scales ranging from the stream reach to the entire region; classifications may be developed from any subset of the 9 basins, 107 watersheds, 459 subwatersheds, or 10,000s of valley segments or stream reaches. To illustrate the advantages of this approach, we developed a fish-guided classification generated from a framework for the Great Lakes region that produced a mosaic of habitat units which, when aggregated, formed larger patches of more general conditions at progressively broader spatial scales. We identified greater than 1,200 distinct fish habitat types at the valley segment scale, most of which were rare. Comparisons of biodiversity and species assemblages are easily examined at any scale. This system can identify and quantify habitat types, evaluate habitat quality for conservation and/or restoration, and assist managers and policymakers with prioritization of protection and restoration efforts. Similar spatial frameworks and habitat classifications can be developed for any organism in any riverine ecosystem.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Ecological Restoration","doi":"10.1111/rec.12146","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., Schaeffer, J., Stewart, J.S., and Slattery, M.T., 2015, Development of a spatially universal framework for classifying stream assemblages with application to conservation planning for Great Lakes lotic fish communities: Restoration Ecology, v. 23, no. 2, p. 167-178, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12146.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051855","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294729,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294728,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.12146"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -71.6748046875,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -71.6748046875,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 39.9434364619742\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542d098be4b092f17defc4e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, James E. Jr.","contributorId":38486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":19890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"Jeffrey S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, Jana S. 0000-0002-8121-1373 jsstewar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8121-1373","contributorId":539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Jana","email":"jsstewar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slattery, Michael T. mslattery@usgs.gov","contributorId":5470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slattery","given":"Michael","email":"mslattery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70126913,"text":"70126913 - 2015 - Data worth and prediction uncertainty for pesticide transport and fate models in Nebraska and Maryland, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T11:03:52","indexId":"70126913","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-25T10:10:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3035,"text":"Pest Management Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Data worth and prediction uncertainty for pesticide transport and fate models in Nebraska and Maryland, United States","docAbstract":"Complex environmental models are frequently extrapolated to overcome data limitations in space and time, but quantifying data worth to such models is rarely attempted. The authors determined which field observations most informed the parameters of agricultural system models applied to field sites in Nebraska (NE) and Maryland (MD), and identified parameters and observations that most influenced prediction uncertainty.
\nThe standard error of regression of the calibrated models was about the same at both NE (0.59) and MD (0.58), and overall reductions in prediction uncertainties of metolachlor and metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid concentrations were 98.0 and 98.6% respectively. Observation data groups reduced the prediction uncertainty by 55–90% at NE and by 28–96% at MD. Soil hydraulic parameters were well informed by the observed data at both sites, but pesticide and macropore properties had comparatively larger contributions after model calibration.
\nAlthough the observed data were sparse, they substantially reduced prediction uncertainty in unsampled regions of pesticide breakthrough curves. Nitrate evidently functioned as a surrogate for soil hydraulic data in well-drained loam soils conducive to conservative transport of nitrogen. Pesticide properties and macropore parameters could most benefit from improved characterization further to reduce model misfit and prediction uncertainty.
\n\n
RESULTS: The standard error of regression of the calibrated models was about the same at both NE (0.59) and MD (0.58), and overall reductions in prediction uncertainties of metolachlor and metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid concentrations were 98.0 and 98.6% respectively. Observation data groups reduced the prediction uncertainty by 55–90% at NE and by 28–96% at MD. Soil hydraulic parameters were well informed by the observed data at both sites, but pesticide and macropore properties had comparatively larger contributions after model calibration.
\n\n
CONCLUSIONS: Although the observed data were sparse, they substantially reduced prediction uncertainty in unsampled regions of pesticide breakthrough curves. Nitrate evidently functioned as a surrogate for soil hydraulic data in well-drained loam soils conducive to conservative transport of nitrogen. Pesticide properties and macropore parameters could most benefit from improved characterization further to reduce model misfit and prediction uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ps.3875","usgsCitation":"Nolan, B.T., Malone, R.W., Doherty, J.E., Barbash, J.E., Ma, L., and Shaner, D.L., 2015, Data worth and prediction uncertainty for pesticide transport and fate models in Nebraska and Maryland, United States: Pest Management Science, v. 71, no. 7, p. 972-985, https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3875.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"972","endPage":"985","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044123","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294473,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.3875"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl;Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0535,37.8886 ], [ -104.0535,43.0017 ], [ -75.0492,43.0017 ], [ -75.0492,37.8886 ], [ -104.0535,37.8886 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"71","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252087e4b0e641df8a6d92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nolan, Bernard T. 0000-0002-6945-9659 btnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9659","contributorId":2190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"Bernard","email":"btnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malone, Robert W.","contributorId":10347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":502185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, John E.","contributorId":8817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7046,"text":"Watermark Numerical Computing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":502184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barbash, Jack E. 0000-0001-9854-8880 jbarbash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9854-8880","contributorId":1003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"Jack","email":"jbarbash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ma, Liwang","contributorId":6751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ma","given":"Liwang","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":502183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shaner, Dale L.","contributorId":100766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaner","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70159977,"text":"70159977 - 2015 - The economic viability of smallholder timber production under expanding açaí palm production in the Amazon Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:57:01","indexId":"70159977","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T03:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2295,"text":"Journal of Forest Economics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The economic viability of smallholder timber production under expanding açaí palm production in the Amazon Estuary","docAbstract":"Relatively little attention has been paid to the economic potentials and limitations of tropical timber production and management at smallholder scales, with the most relevant research focusing on community forestry efforts. As a rare tropical example of long-lasting small-scale timber production, in this study we explore the economics of smallholder vertically integrated timber use to better understand the activity in the context of its primary land use alternative in the Amazon Estuary, açaí palm fruit production. We use data from landowner and firm surveys, participatory monitoring of firms, and detailed forest and sawmill operation monitoring to devise financial returns models of smallholder timber micro firms and açaí palm fruit production. We then compare the economics of the two activities to better understand how differences may shape decisions at the small holder scale that impact current land use shifts in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Umeå Forest University Press","publisherLocation":"Umeå, Sweden","doi":"10.1016/j.jfe.2014.06.001","usgsCitation":"Fortini, L.B., and Carter, D.R., 2015, The economic viability of smallholder timber production under expanding açaí palm production in the Amazon Estuary: Journal of Forest Economics, v. 20, no. 3, p. 223-235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2014.06.001.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"235","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052234","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2014.06.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312006,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Amazon River, Mazagão watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -51.6,\n -0.5\n ],\n [\n -51.6,\n -0.4 \n ],\n [\n -51.5,\n -0.4 \n ],\n [\n -51.5,\n -0.5\n ],\n [\n -51.6,\n -0.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5666bbf6e4b06a3ea36c8b54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fortini, Lucas B. 0000-0002-5781-7295 lfortini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-7295","contributorId":4645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortini","given":"Lucas","email":"lfortini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Douglas R.","contributorId":150364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13197,"text":"School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70138851,"text":"70138851 - 2015 - Non-native fishes in Florida freshwaters: a literature review and synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-23T16:24:54","indexId":"70138851","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-native fishes in Florida freshwaters: a literature review and synthesis","docAbstract":"Non-native fishes have been known from freshwater ecosystems of Florida since the 1950s, and dozens of species have established self-sustaining populations. Nonetheless, no synthesis of data collected on those species in Florida has been published until now. We searched the literature for peer-reviewed publications reporting original data for 42 species of non-native fishes in Florida that are currently established, were established in the past, or are sustained by human intervention. Since the 1950s, the number of non-native fish species increased steadily at a rate of roughly six new species per decade. Studies documented (in decreasing abundance): geographic location/range expansion, life- and natural-history characteristics (e.g., diet, habitat use), ecophysiology, community composition, population structure, behaviour, aquatic-plant management, and fisheries/aquaculture. Although there is a great deal of taxonomic uncertainty and confusion associated with many taxa, very few studies focused on clarifying taxonomic ambiguities of non-native fishes in the State. Most studies were descriptive; only 15 % were manipulative. Risk assessments, population-control studies and evaluations of effects of non-native fishes were rare topics for research, although they are highly valued by natural-resource managers. Though some authors equated lack of data with lack of effects, research is needed to confirm or deny conclusions. Much more is known regarding the effects of lionfish (Pterois spp.) on native fauna, despite its much shorter establishment time. Natural-resource managers need biological and ecological information to make policy decisions regarding non-native fishes. Given the near-absence of empirical data on effects of Florida non-native fishes, and the lengthy time-frames usually needed to collect such information, we provide suggestions for data collection in a manner that may be useful in the evaluation and prediction of non-native fish effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11160-014-9373-7","usgsCitation":"Schofield, P., and Loftus, W.F., 2015, Non-native fishes in Florida freshwaters: a literature review and synthesis: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 25, no. 1, p. 117-145, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-014-9373-7.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"145","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052519","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 24.256981315882488\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 31.024694128525137\n ],\n [\n -79.969482421875,\n 31.024694128525137\n ],\n [\n -79.969482421875,\n 24.256981315882488\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 24.256981315882488\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c16e4b08de9379b3621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schofield, Pamela J. 0000-0002-8752-2797 pschofield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":127812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Pamela J.","email":"pschofield@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftus, William F.","contributorId":138881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loftus","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":12560,"text":"Aquatic Research & Communication, LLC, Vero Beach, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188875,"text":"70188875 - 2015 - Mantle peridotite in newly discovered far-inland subduction complex, southwest Arizona: Initial report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-26T14:54:30","indexId":"70188875","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mantle peridotite in newly discovered far-inland subduction complex, southwest Arizona: Initial report","docAbstract":"The latest Cretaceous to early Palaeogene Orocopia Schist and related units are generally considered a low-angle subduction complex that underlies much of southern California and Arizona. A recently discovered exposure of Orocopia Schist at Cemetery Ridge west of Phoenix, Arizona, lies exceptionally far inland from the continental margin. Unexpectedly, this body of Orocopia Schist contains numerous blocks, as large as ~300 m, of variably serpentinized mantle peridotite. These are unique; elsewhere in the Orocopia and related schists, peridotite is rare and completely serpentinized. Peridotite and metaperidotite at Cemetery Ridge are of three principal types: (1) serpentinite and tremolite serpentinite, derived from dunite; (2) partially serpentinized harzburgite and olivine orthopyroxenite (collectively, harzburgite); and (3) granoblastic or schistose metasomatic rocks, derived from serpentinite, made largely of actinolite, calcic plagioclase, hercynite, and chlorite. In the serpentinite, paucity of relict olivine, relatively abundant magnetite (5%), and elevated Fe3+/Fe indicate advanced serpentinization. Harzburgite contains abundant orthopyroxene, only slightly serpentinized, and minor to moderate (1–15%) relict olivine. Mantle tectonite fabric is locally preserved. Several petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the peridotite at Cemetery Ridge are ambiguously similar to either abyssal or mantle-wedge (suprasubduction) peridotites and serpentinites. Least ambiguous are orthopyroxene compositions. Orthopyroxene is distinctively depleted in Al2O3, Cr2O3, and CaO, indicating mantle-wedge affinities. Initial interpretation of field and petrologic data suggests that the peridotite blocks in the Orocopia Schist subduction complex at Cemetery Ridge may be derived from the leading corner or edge of a mantle wedge, presumably in (pre-San Andreas fault) southwest California. However, derivation from a subducting plate is not precluded.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00206814.2014.928916","usgsCitation":"Haxel, G.B., Jacobson, C.E., and Wittke, J.H., 2015, Mantle peridotite in newly discovered far-inland subduction complex, southwest Arizona: Initial report: International Geology Review, v. 57, no. 5-8, p. 871-892, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2014.928916.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"871","endPage":"892","ipdsId":"IP-057531","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.5,\n 32.7\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 32.7\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 35.7\n ],\n [\n -119.5,\n 35.7\n ],\n [\n -119.5,\n 32.7\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"5-8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59521d23e4b062508e3c36a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haxel, Gordon B. gbhaxel@usgs.gov","contributorId":5666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haxel","given":"Gordon","email":"gbhaxel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, Carl E.","contributorId":193546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wittke, James H.","contributorId":193547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wittke","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70144555,"text":"70144555 - 2015 - Evidence of low genetic variation and rare alleles in a bottlenecked endangered island endemic, the Lasan Teal (Anas laysanensis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-04T19:46:37.140624","indexId":"70144555","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-29T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":222,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-063","title":"Evidence of low genetic variation and rare alleles in a bottlenecked endangered island endemic, the Lasan Teal (Anas laysanensis)","docAbstract":"Genetic diversity is assumed to reflect the evolutionary potential and adaptability of populations, and thus quantifying the genetic diversity of endangered species is useful for recovery programs. In particular, if conservation strategies include reintroductions, periodic genetic assessments are useful to evaluate whether management efforts have resulted in the maximization or loss of genetic variation within populations over generations. In this study, we collected blood, feather, and tissue samples during 1999–2009 and quantified genetic diversity for a critically endangered waterfowl species endemic to the Hawaiian archipelago, the Laysan teal or duck (Anas laysanensis; n = 239 individual birds sampled). The last extant population of this species at Laysan Island was sourced in 2004–2005 for a ‘wild to wild’ translocation of 42 individuals for an experimental reintroduction to Midway Atoll. To inform future management strategies, we compared genetic diversity sampled from the source population (n = 133 Laysan birds) including 23 of Midway’s founders and offspring of the translocated population 2–5 years post release (n = 96 Midway birds). We attempted to identify polymorphic markers by screening nuclear microsatellite (N = 83) and intronic loci (N = 19), as well as the mitochondrial control region (mtDNA) for a subset of samples. Among 83 microsatellite loci screened, six were variable. We found low nuclear variation consistent with the species’ historical population bottlenecks and sequence variation was observed at a single intron locus. We detected no variation within the mtDNA. We found limited but similar estimates of allelic richness (2.58 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity within islands. Two rare alleles found in the Laysan Island source population were not present in the Midway translocated group, and a rare allele was discovered in an individual on Midway in 2008. We found similar genetic diversity and low, but statistically significant, levels of differentiation (0.6%) between island populations suggesting that genetic drift (as a result of translocation-induced population bottlenecking) has had a limited effect within five years post-release. Our results have utility for informing translocation and genetic management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, M.H., Pearce, J.M., Lavretsky, P., Peters Jeffrey L, Courtot, K., and Seixas, P.P., 2015, Evidence of low genetic variation and rare alleles in a bottlenecked endangered island endemic, the Lasan Teal (Anas laysanensis): Technical Report HCSU-063, Report: ii, 14 p.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062847","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326245,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":433463,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://hilo.hawaii.edu/hcsu/documents/TR63_Reynolds_Duck_Final.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a9ad75e4b05e859bdfbb2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Michelle H. 0000-0001-7253-8158 mreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8158","contributorId":3871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Michelle","email":"mreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lavretsky, Philip","contributorId":60542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lavretsky","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peters Jeffrey L","contributorId":140001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peters Jeffrey L","affiliations":[{"id":13348,"text":"Wright State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Courtot, Karen 0000-0002-8849-4054 kcourtot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8849-4054","contributorId":140002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Courtot","given":"Karen","email":"kcourtot@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Seixas, Pedro P.","contributorId":140003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seixas","given":"Pedro","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13349,"text":"Centro de Reprodução Anatideos, PORTUGAL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70195568,"text":"70195568 - 2015 - Relationships between protein-encoding gene abundance and corresponding process are commonly assumed yet rarely observed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T13:58:42","indexId":"70195568","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3563,"text":"The ISME Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships between protein-encoding gene abundance and corresponding process are commonly assumed yet rarely observed","docAbstract":"For any enzyme-catalyzed reaction to occur, the corresponding protein-encoding genes and transcripts are necessary prerequisites. Thus, a positive relationship between the abundance of gene or transcripts and corresponding process rates is often assumed. To test this assumption, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relationships between gene and/or transcript abundances and corresponding process rates. We identified 415 studies that quantified the abundance of genes or transcripts for enzymes involved in carbon or nitrogen cycling. However, in only 59 of these manuscripts did the authors report both gene or transcript abundance and rates of the appropriate process. We found that within studies there was a significant but weak positive relationship between gene abundance and the corresponding process. Correlations were not strengthened by accounting for habitat type, differences among genes or reaction products versus reactants, suggesting that other ecological and methodological factors may affect the strength of this relationship. Our findings highlight the need for fundamental research on the factors that control transcription, translation and enzyme function in natural systems to better link genomic and transcriptomic data to ecosystem processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/ismej.2014.252","usgsCitation":"Rocca, J.D., Hall, E.K., Lennon, J.T., Evans, S., Waldrop, M.P., Cotner, J.B., Nemergut, D.R., Graham, E.B., and Wallenstein, M.D., 2015, Relationships between protein-encoding gene abundance and corresponding process are commonly assumed yet rarely observed: The ISME Journal, v. 9, p. 1693-1699, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2014.252.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1693","endPage":"1699","ipdsId":"IP-060358","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2014.252","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":351879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeec0de4b0da30c1bfc6bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rocca, Jennifer D.","contributorId":202681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rocca","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Edward K. ehall@usgs.gov","contributorId":4837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Edward","email":"ehall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":729315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lennon, Jay T.","contributorId":38069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lennon","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, Sarah E.","contributorId":202682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Sarah E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waldrop, Mark P. 0000-0003-1829-7140 mwaldrop@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":1599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"Mark","email":"mwaldrop@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cotner, James B.","contributorId":75861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cotner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nemergut, Diana R.","contributorId":45634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemergut","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Graham, Emily B.","contributorId":202683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graham","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wallenstein, Matthew D.","contributorId":16334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallenstein","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70058767,"text":"70058767 - 2015 - Sedimentology of new fluvial deposits on the Elwha River, Washington, USA, formed during large-scale dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-20T09:36:45","indexId":"70058767","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-16T08:36:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentology of new fluvial deposits on the Elwha River, Washington, USA, formed during large-scale dam removal","docAbstract":"Removal of two dams 32 m and 64 m high on the Elwha River, Washington, USA, provided the first opportunity to examine river response to a dam removal and controlled sediment influx on such a large scale. Although many recent river-restoration efforts have included dam removal, large dam removals have been rare enough that their physical and ecological effects remain poorly understood. New sedimentary deposits that formed during this multi-stage dam removal result from a unique, artificially created imbalance between fluvial sediment supply and transport capacity. River flows during dam removal were essentially natural and included no large floods in the first two years, while draining of the two reservoirs greatly increased the sediment supply available for fluvial transport. The resulting sedimentary deposits exhibited substantial spatial heterogeneity in thickness, stratal-formation patterns, grain size and organic content. Initial mud deposition in the first year of dam removal filled pore spaces in the pre-dam-removal cobble bed, potentially causing ecological disturbance but not aggrading the bed substantially at first. During the second winter of dam removal, thicker and in some cases coarser deposits replaced the early mud deposits. By 18 months into dam removal, channel-margin and floodplain deposits were commonly >0.5 m thick and, contrary to pre-dam-removal predictions that silt and clay would bypass the river system, included average mud content around 20%. Large wood and lenses of smaller organic particles were common in the new deposits, presumably contributing additional carbon and nutrients to the ecosystem downstream of the dam sites. Understanding initial sedimentary response to the Elwha River dam removals will inform subsequent analyses of longer-term sedimentary, geomorphic and ecosystem changes in this fluvial and coastal system, and will provide important lessons for other river-restoration efforts where large dam removal is planned or proposed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Chichester, UK","doi":"10.1002/rra.2724","usgsCitation":"Draut, A., and Ritchie, A.C., 2015, Sedimentology of new fluvial deposits on the Elwha River, Washington, USA, formed during large-scale dam removal: River Research and Applications, v. 31, no. 1, p. 42-61, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2724.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049309","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280314,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280313,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2724"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.609952,48.004313 ], [ -123.609952,48.150910 ], [ -123.539141,48.150910 ], [ -123.539141,48.004313 ], [ -123.609952,48.004313 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b02120e4b0242fceec8592","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/rra.2724","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2724","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Draut A. E., Ritchie A. C.","journalName":"River Research and Applications","publicationDate":"12/12/2013","auditedOn":"3/17/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draut, Amy","contributorId":18792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ritchie, Andrew C. aritchie@usgs.gov","contributorId":4984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Andrew","email":"aritchie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}