Information garnered from the capture and handling of free-ranging animals helps advance understanding of wildlife ecology and can aid in decisions on wildlife management. Unfortunately, animals may experience increased levels of stress, injuries, and death resulting from captures (e.g., exertional myopathy, trauma). Partial sedation is a technique proposed to alleviate stress in animals during capture, yet efficacy of partial sedation for reducing stress and promoting survival post-capture remains unclear. We evaluated the effects of partial sedation on physiological, biochemical, and behavioral indicators of acute stress and probability of survival post-capture for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) that were captured via helicopter net-gunning in the eastern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Wyoming, USA. We administered 10–30 mg of midazolam and 15 mg of azaperone intramuscularly (IM) to 32 mule deer in 2016 and 53 mule deer in 2017, and maintained a control group (captured but not sedated) of 38 mule deer in 2016 and 54 mule deer in 2017. To evaluate indicators of acute stress, we measured heart rate, blood-oxygen saturation, body temperature, respiration rate, and levels of serum cortisol. We recorded number of kicks and vocalizations of deer during handling and evaluated behavior during release. We also measured levels of fecal glucocorticoids as an indicator of baseline stress. Midazolam and azaperone did not reduce physiological, biochemical, or behavioral indicators of acute stress or influence probability of survival post-capture. Mule deer that were administered midazolam and azaperone, however, were more likely to hesitate, stumble or fall, and walk during release compared with individuals in the control group, which were more likely to trot, stot, or run without stumbling or falling. Our findings suggest that midazolam (10–30 mg IM) and azaperone (15 mg IM) may not yield physiological or demographic benefits for captured mule deer as previously assumed and may pose adverse effects that can complicate safety for captured animals, including drug-induced lethargy. Although we failed to find efficacy of midazolam and azaperone as a method for reducing stress in captured mule deer, the efficacy of midazolam and azaperone or other combinations of partial sedatives in reducing stress may depend on the dose of tranquilizer, study animal, capture setting, and how stress is defined.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21929","usgsCitation":"Ortega, A.C., Dwinnell, S., Lasharr, T.N., Jakopak, R., Denryter, K., Huggler, K.S., Hayes, M.M., Aikens, E., Verzuh, T.L., May, A.B., Kauffman, M., and Monteith, K., 2020, Effectiveness of partial sedation to reduce stress in captured mule deer: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 84, no. 8, p. 1445-1456, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21929.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1445","endPage":"1456","ipdsId":"IP-119840","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","city":"Cody, Dubois, Lander, Meeteetse","otherGeospatial":"eastern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": 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of previous faulting along the 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake ruptures","docAbstract":"The July 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence in southeastern California was characterized as surprising because only ~35% of the rupture occurred on previously mapped faults. Employing more detailed inspection of pre-event high-resolution topography and imagery in combination with field observations, we document evidence of active faulting in the landscape along the entire fault system. Scarps, deflected drainages, and lineaments and contrasts in topography, vegetation, and ground color demonstrate previous slip on a dense network of orthogonal faults, consistent with patterns of surface rupture observed in 2019. Not all of these newly mapped fault strands ruptured in 2019. Outcrop-scale field observations additionally reveal tufa lineaments and sheared Quaternary deposits. Neotectonic features are commonly short (<2 km), discontinuous, and display en echelon patterns along both the M 6.4 and M 7.1 ruptures. These features are generally more prominent and better preserved outside the late Pleistocene lake basins. Fault expression may also be related to deformation style: scarps and topographic lineaments are more prevalent in areas where substantial vertical motion occurred in 2019. Where strike-slip displacement dominated in 2019, the faults are mainly expressed by less prominent tonal and vegetation features. Both the NE- and NW-trending active fault systems are subparallel to regional bedrock fabrics that were established as early as ~150 Ma, and may be reactivating these older structures. Overall, we estimate that 50-70% (i.e., an additional 15-35%) of the 2019 surface ruptures could have been recognized as active faults with detailed inspection of pre-event data. Similar detailed mapping of potential neotectonic features could help improve seismic hazard analyses in other regions of eastern California and elsewhere that have distributed faulting or incompletely mapped faults. In areas where faults cannot be resolved as single thoroughgoing structures, a zone of potential faulting should be used as a hazard model input.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120200041","usgsCitation":"Thompson Jobe, J., Philibosian, B.E., Chupik, C., Dawson, T.E., Bennett, S.E., Gold, R.D., DuRoss, C., Ladinsky, T.C., Kendrick, K.J., Haddon, E., Pierce, I., Swanson, B.J., and Seitz, G., 2020, Evidence of previous faulting along the 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake ruptures: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 110, no. 4, p. 1427-1456, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200041.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1427","endPage":"1456","ipdsId":"IP-115636","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ENA24Y","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Pre-existing features associated with active faulting in the vicinity of the 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake sequence"},{"id":376748,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Ridgecrest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.30603027343749,\n 34.46127728843705\n ],\n [\n -116.49902343749999,\n 34.46127728843705\n ],\n [\n -116.49902343749999,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -119.30603027343749,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -119.30603027343749,\n 34.46127728843705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson Jobe, Jessica 0000-0001-5574-4523","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-4523","contributorId":225113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson Jobe","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Philibosian, Belle E. 0000-0003-3138-4716","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-4716","contributorId":206110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philibosian","given":"Belle","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chupik, Colin","contributorId":217357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chupik","given":"Colin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39606,"text":"Univ. of Nevada, Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, Timothy E.","contributorId":24429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. 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dbeard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-2350","contributorId":169459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"dbeard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Funge-Smith, Simon 0000-0001-9974-5333","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9974-5333","contributorId":245642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funge-Smith","given":"Simon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32888,"text":"Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70211361,"text":"70211361 - 2020 - Characterization of the unconventional Tuscaloosa marine shale reservoir in southwestern Mississippi, USA: Insights from optical and SEM petrography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-28T17:54:08.531487","indexId":"70211361","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-18T12:29:20","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of the unconventional Tuscaloosa marine shale reservoir in southwestern Mississippi, USA: Insights from optical and SEM petrography","docAbstract":"This study presents new optical petrography and electron microscopy data, interpreted in the context of previously published petrophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data, to further characterize the Tuscaloosa marine shale (TMS) as an unconventional reservoir in southwestern Mississippi. The basal high resistivity zone has a higher proportion of Type II sedimentary organic matter than the overlying TMS, indicating it is more prone to oil generation. Optical petrography and electron microscopy reveal a heterogeneous clay matrix with ubiquitous pyrite grains, quartz, feldspar, glaucony, foraminifera, shell fragments, and rarer occurrences of apatite and crinoid fragments as well as liptinite, alginite, inertinite, and vitrinite. Our petrographic observations suggest that higher abundances of detrital quartz grains coupled with minimal authigenic cements result in higher porosity and permeability. However, the TMS is also more clay-rich than other unconventional shale oil and gas plays, which can impair the effectiveness of hydraulic fracture stimulation. Thin section observations reveal alternating clay and calcium carbonate laminae that are interpreted to reflect changes in sediment flux. Planktonic foraminifera indicate an overlying oxygenated water column while benthic inoceramid fragments and pervasive authigenic pyrite suggest anoxic or dysoxic bottom water conditions. Apatite fragments in thin section suggest mixing events and an influx of nutrient-rich sediments. Overall, these observations suggest that a variety of paleodepositional environments occurred in the TMS and the lithofacies diversity resulting from these small-scale depositional cycles makes it difficult to determinatively identify areas conducive to enhanced economic hydrocarbon recovery.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104580","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Lohr, C., Valentine, B.J., Hackley, P.C., and Dulong, F.T., 2020, Characterization of the unconventional Tuscaloosa marine shale reservoir in southwestern Mississippi, USA: Insights from optical and SEM petrography: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 121, 104580, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104580.","productDescription":"104580, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-112257","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104580","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi, Lousianna","otherGeospatial":"Southwestern Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 32.02670629333614\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 32.02670629333614\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 30.012030680358613\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"121","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohr, Celeste D. 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":3866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste D.","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dulong, Frank T. 0000-0001-7388-647X fdulong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-647X","contributorId":650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"Frank","email":"fdulong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70227084,"text":"70227084 - 2020 - Bot fly parasitism of Allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister) in Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-29T15:11:37.712404","indexId":"70227084","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-16T09:05:30","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5153,"text":"The American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bot fly parasitism of Allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister) in Virginia","docAbstract":"The Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) is a species of high conservation concern and relatively well-studied with respect to habitat use/associations, food habits, conservation genetics, and population trends. However, with the exception of raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) occurrence and etiology in woodrats, most disease and parasite ecology aspects for the woodrat are unknown. Herein, we examined the prevalence of bot flies (Cuterebra) over nearly three decades of woodrat surveys (1990–2018) in the central Appalachian Mountains of western Virginia. We use genetic analyses to identify recent bot fly specimen collections from a woodrat captured in 2017. Though highly variable from year to year, the overall prevalence of parasitism was low (typically < 4% of captures). As such, bot flies do not appear to be a widespread parasitic burden to Allegheny woodrats in Virginia. Genetic analysis of four collected bot fly larvae was inconclusive, as the genetic signature of these woodrat bots did not match any of the six bot species known to parasitize rodents and lagomorphs in the eastern United States. Further collections and genetic analyses will be needed to determine if the genetic database is incomplete or incorrect, or if our find is a new species of bot fly not yet taxonomically recognized.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is revising the Chesapeake Bay-based science plan to align it with recent U.S. Department of Interior and USGS science priorities that include, as stated in the plan, providing “an integrated understanding of the factors affecting fish habitat, fish health, and landscape conditions” in Chesapeake Bay and its watershed. A report of partner agencies’ needs and priorities related to aquatic invasive species (AIS) science was identified as an informational gap; a report would help to further development of the science program related to aquatic animal health and habitat. This objective was addressed through review of pertinent documentation and conversations with representatives of State, Federal, and regional agencies with vested interests in AIS management in Chesapeake Bay and the Chesapeake Bay drainage area, and this document was produced to summarize the related findings.
All agencies and organizations (13) reported that AIS are of general concern, with most stakeholder groups reporting AIS-related issues to be of high priority, including invasive fishes and invertebrates, invasive plants, and microbes including aquatic animal pathogens.
Science needs that were recurrently indicated by stakeholders to support management of invasive species include
Potential next steps to address the science needs include
Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
11649 Leetown Road
Kearneysville, WV 25430
Species introductions provide opportunities to quantify rates and patterns of evolutionary change in response to novel environments. Alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) are native to the East Coast of North America where they ascend coastal rivers to spawn in lakes and then return to the ocean. Some populations have become landlocked within the last 350 years and diverged phenotypically from their ancestral marine population. More recently, alewives were introduced to the Laurentian Great Lakes (~150 years ago), but these populations have not been compared to East Coast anadromous and landlocked populations. We quantified 95 years of evolution in foraging traits and overall body shape of Great Lakes alewives and compared patterns of phenotypic evolution of Great Lakes alewives to East Coast anadromous and landlocked populations. Our results suggest that gill raker spacing in Great Lakes alewives has evolved in a dynamic pattern that is consistent with responses to strong but intermittent eco‐evolutionary feedbacks with zooplankton size. Following their initial colonization of Lakes Ontario and Michigan, dense alewife populations likely depleted large‐bodied zooplankton, which drove a decrease in alewife gill raker spacing. However, the introduction of large, non‐native zooplankton to the Great Lakes in later decades resulted in an increase in gill raker spacing, and present‐day Great Lakes alewives have gill raker spacing patterns that are similar to the ancestral East Coast anadromous population. Conversely, contemporary Great Lakes alewife populations possess a gape width consistent with East Coast landlocked populations. Body shape showed remarkable parallel evolution with East Coast landlocked populations, likely due to a shared response to the loss of long‐distance movement or migrations. Our results suggest the colonization of a new environment and cessation of migration can result in rapid parallel evolution in some traits, but contingency also plays a role, and a dynamic ecosystem can also yield novel trait combinations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eva.13063","usgsCitation":"Smith, S., Palkovacs, E., Weidel, B., Bunnell, D., Jones, A.W., and Bloom, D., 2020, A century of intermittent eco‐evolutionary feedbacks resulted in novel trait combinations in invasive Great Lakes alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus): Evolutionary Applications, v. 13, no. 10, p. 2630-2645, https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13063.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2630","endPage":"2645","ipdsId":"IP-116073","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13063","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382867,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Canada","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n 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effects of fire on eastern box turtles","docAbstract":"Prescribed fire is an increasingly important management tool for eastern deciduous forests, but relativity little is known about the direct effects of fire on the eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina). We used very high frequency (VHF) transmitters to monitor mortality, movement, and spatial ecology of 118 box turtles in response to 17 prescribed fires across 4 seasons and 3 sites in east Tennessee, USA, during 2016–2018. Annual survival of box turtles that experienced a prescribed fire event was lower (0.87 ± 0.04 [SE]) than turtles that did not (0.98 ± 0.01) and was negatively correlated with fire intensity, fire temperature the turtle experienced, and litter depth. All prescribed fire‐related mortalities occurred during the early (Apr–May, n = 5) or late growing season (Sep–Oct, n = 1). Fourteen percent of box turtles we captured exhibited damage to their carapace from previous fire events. Box turtles that survived prescribed fires were in microsites that did not burn, moved to unburned areas during the fire, or burrowed following ignition. Home range size was similar before and after burns and sinuosity of movements did not differ in burned or unburned areas. Our results indicate that though box turtles are susceptible to prescribed fire during their active season, they have behavioral and physical traits that reduce the direct effects of prescribed fire. Prescribed fire practitioners should be aware of the risks of fire, particularly during the active season. We suggest managers consider altering prescribed fire intensity, seasonality, and firing pattern to minimize risk of direct effects where box turtles are of concern.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21920","usgsCitation":"Harris, K., Clark, J.D., Elmore, R., and Harper, C., 2020, Direct and indirect effects of fire on eastern box turtles: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 84, no. 7, p. 1384-1395, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21920.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1384","endPage":"1395","ipdsId":"IP-112317","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.6494140625,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -81.9580078125,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -81.9580078125,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n -85.6494140625,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n -85.6494140625,\n 35.10193405724606\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, K.","contributorId":222765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36630,"text":"Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elmore, R.","contributorId":239700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elmore","given":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harper, C.A.","contributorId":239699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harper","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70210929,"text":"ofr20201037 - 2020 - Forage and habitat for pollinators in the northern Great Plains—Implications for U.S. Department of Agriculture conservation programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T19:46:39.232889","indexId":"ofr20201037","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-09T16:49:42","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1037","displayTitle":"Forage and Habitat for Pollinators in the Northern Great Plains—Implications for U.S. Department of Agriculture Conservation Programs","title":"Forage and habitat for pollinators in the northern Great Plains—Implications for U.S. Department of Agriculture conservation programs","docAbstract":"Managed and wild pollinators are critical components of agricultural and natural systems. Despite the well-known value of insect pollinators to U.S. agriculture, Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758; honey bees) and wild bees currently face numerous stressors that have resulted in declining health. These declines have engendered support for pollinator conservation efforts across all levels of government, private businesses, and nongovernmental organizations. In 2014, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the U.S. Geological Survey initiated an interagency agreement to evaluate honey bee forage across multiple States in the northern Great Plains and upper Midwest. The long-term goal of this study was to provide an empirical evaluation of floral resources used by honey bees, and the relative contribution of multiple land covers and USDA conservation programs to bee health and productivity. Our multi-State analysis of land-use change from 2006 to 2016 revealed loss of grassland and increases in corn and soybean area in North and South Dakota, representing a significant loss of bee-friendly land covers in areas that support the highest density of summer bee yards in the entire United States. Our landscape models demonstrate the importance of the Conservation Reserve Program in providing safe locations for beekeepers to keep honey bees during the summer and highlights how land use in the northern Great Plains has a lasting effect on the health of honey bee colonies during almond pollination the subsequent spring. Our multiseason, multi-State genetic analysis of honey bee-collected pollen revealed Melilotus spp., Asteraceae, Trifolium spp., Fabaceae, Sonchus arvensis, Symphyotrichum cordifolium, and Solidago spp. were the top taxa detected; Melilotus spp. represented 42 percent of all detected taxa. Symphyotrichum cordifolium, Solidago spp., and Grindelia spp. were the top native forbs detected in honey bee-collected pollen. We also conducted plant and bee surveys on private lands enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program and Environmental Quality Incentives Program. In general, we found significant variability in floral resources and pollinator utilization across USDA programs and practices. On average, greater than 75 percent of honey bee flower observations on private lands enrolled in a USDA conservation program were on non-native forbs, whereas 33 percent of wild bee flower observations were on non-native forbs. Melilotus officinalis and Medicago sativa were the most visited by honey bees, wherease Medicago sativa and Helianthus maximiliani were the most visited by wild bees. Our analysis of nectar dearth periods in June and September for honey bees revealed that although Melilotus officinalis and Medicago sativa were highly visited, less common native forb species such as Ratibida columnifera, Agastache foeniculum, and Gaillardia aristata were preferred species. However, these preferred species were relatively rare on the landscape and are, therefore, unlikely to make up a sizable part of the honey bee diet. In addition to our empirical results, we also showcase how the U.S. Geological Survey Pollinator Library, a decision-support tool for natural resource managers, can be used to design cost-effective seeding mixes for pollinators. Collectively, the results of this research will assist USDA with maximizing the ecological impact and cost-effectiveness of their conservation programs on pollinators in the northern Great Plains.
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U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
While the physical processes governing groundwater flow are well understood, and the computational resources now exist for solving the governing equations in three dimensions over continental-scale domains, there remains substantial uncertainty about the subsurface distribution of the properties that control groundwater flow and transport for much of the contiguous United States (CONUS). The transmissivity of the shallow subsurface is a key parameter for the simulation of water table position, shallow groundwater flow, and base-flow discharge, but is not well-characterized at large regional to continental scales. We used a process-based inversion of CONUS-extent groundwater information to generate national data sets of (a) the transmissivity of the shallow groundwater system, (b) the depth to the water table, (c) groundwater discharge as base-flow, and (d) long-term average water content in the unsaturated zone. CONUS-extent coverage was developed in the form of 75 subdomain models, with the spatial distribution of long-term average transmissivity for each subdomain model calibrated against water-levels derived from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) observation wells, NHDPlusV2 first-order perennial streams, and National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) freshwater wetlands. Estimated transmissivities were lower in the western CONUS than the eastern CONUS, and across the CONUS both transmissivity and depth to water correlate with recharge, elevation, and topographic slope. These generated data sets provide spatially distributed, long-term average estimates of subsurface properties and hydrological states that we anticipate will complement other environmental modeling efforts as explanatory variables, boundary conditions, or transport pathways.
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0000-0002-8782-6627","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8782-6627","contributorId":339721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zell","given":"Wesley","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":904935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":904936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211521,"text":"70211521 - 2020 - Piscivory in recovering Lake Michigan Cisco (Coregonus artedi): The role of invasive species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-28T15:41:04.145671","indexId":"70211521","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-06T10:54:06","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Piscivory in recovering Lake Michigan Cisco (Coregonus artedi): The role of invasive species","title":"Piscivory in recovering Lake Michigan Cisco (Coregonus artedi): The role of invasive species","docAbstract":"Contemporary conditions in Lake Michigan where cisco (Coregonus artedi) populations are expanding are vastly different from those encountered by the historic fish community. Invasive species introductions have substantially altered the Lake Michigan ecosystem in the last half century. Successful management efforts for cisco in Lake Michigan hinge on our ability to understand their contemporary ecology, especially diet. We collected 725 cisco stomachs opportunistically from commercial fisheries (2%) and in agency surveys (98%) over six years (2014–2019). The majority (70%) of stomachs were from East Grand Traverse Bay and 96% of these were collected at Elk Rapids. Additional samples were collected from Charlevoix (8%), Little Traverse Bay (11%), other sites in northern Lake Michigan (4%), Central Lake Michigan (6%), and Green Bay (1%). Our results indicated a high degree of piscivory, in contrast to historical and contemporary accounts of planktivory for cisco in the other Laurentian Great Lakes. The top three prey items by mass were not native to the Great Lakes and these accounted for 87% of all observed prey mass consumed: round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) (58%), Bythotrephes longimanus (15%), and alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) (14%). Round goby dominated the prey in the spring and summer, while B. longimanus and alewife occurred more in summer and fall diets. The contemporary population of cisco in Lake Michigan has been able to uniquely capitalize on abundant invasive prey resources, which may be less limiting and more energy-rich than a more typical planktivorous cisco diet.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2020.06.013","usgsCitation":"Breaker, B.S., Pangle, K.L., Donner, K., Smith, J., Turschak, B.A., Claramunt, R.M., Bunnell, D.B., and Jonas, J.L., 2020, Piscivory in recovering Lake Michigan Cisco (Coregonus artedi): The role of invasive species: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 46, no. 5, p. 1402-1411, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2020.06.013.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1402","endPage":"1411","ipdsId":"IP-113329","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 42.13082130188809\n ],\n [\n -84.68261718749999,\n 42.13082130188809\n ],\n [\n -84.68261718749999,\n 46.195042108660154\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 46.195042108660154\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 42.13082130188809\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breaker, Ben S","contributorId":236853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breaker","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":13588,"text":"Central Michigan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pangle, Kevin L.","contributorId":205579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pangle","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37116,"text":"Department of Biology, Central Michigan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donner, Kevin","contributorId":190499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donner","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":33110,"text":"Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Jason","contributorId":215444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":39249,"text":"Little Traverse Band of Odawa Indians","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Turschak, Benjamin A.","contributorId":150497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turschak","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":18038,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":794485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Claramunt, Randall M.","contributorId":190497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Claramunt","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bunnell, David B. 0000-0003-3521-7747","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-7747","contributorId":216540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jonas, Jory L.","contributorId":215449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jonas","given":"Jory","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6983,"text":"Michigan DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70211541,"text":"70211541 - 2020 - Hydrologic modeling to examine the influence of the forestry reclamation approach and climate change on mineland hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-30T15:25:29.367702","indexId":"70211541","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-05T10:18:36","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic modeling to examine the influence of the forestry reclamation approach and climate change on mineland hydrology","docAbstract":"Forests in the Appalachian region of the U.S. are threatened by a variety of short- and long-term pressures, including climate change, invasive species, and resource extraction. Surface mining for coal is one of the most important drivers of land-use change in the region, reducing native forest cover, causing forest fragmentation, eliminating intact soil, and affecting water resources. The Forestry Reclamation Approach (FRA) has been demonstrated as a successful best practice for restoring forests on mine-impacted landscapes, but little information exists on how the practice will affect hydrologic processes. A study was initiated to examine soil-water movement, as in-situ saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), combined with soil porosity to quantify the potential influence on streamflow of reclaimed mines relative to an unmined, forested control site in eastern Kentucky. We compared different reclamation techniques and time since reclamation to determine the extent to which hydrologic function can be restored. We also simulated evapotranspiration at the watershed scale as a function of reclamation technique for both historical and projected (2050) climate. Results indicate that conventional grassland reclamation critically changes how soil water transitions to streamflow, primarily due to Ksat variability that exceeds that measured for intact and FRA soils. Sites reclaimed using FRA exhibited a soil-water environment that was more similar to the unmined control. However, all reclaimed mine soils were thinner, retained and stored less soil water, and thus could provide less plant-available water during the growing season. The plant-available water stored in reclaimed landscapes may not be sufficient to support forest health and this is exacerbated by projected climate conditions. However, soil development under a combination of FRA techniques has the potential to mitigate this limitation.
Tribal communities may benefit from land management activities that enhance their use of resources on tribal lands. The Bureau of Indian Affairs is implementing a 5-year vegetation management program to provide support for projects that develop and use natural and cultural resources and improve opportunities for agricultural activities to benefit 20 Indian Tribes and Nations in the Eastern Oklahoma Region of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The bureau is working with individual Tribes to identify project objectives and design treatments, which include prescribed burning, timber removal, thinning, and reduction of hazardous fuels. The total action area for the vegetation management program is estimated to be 236,575 acres, representing approximately 1 percent of the region.
A biological assessment was prepared, in cooperation with the bureau and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, to evaluate the potential effects of the proposed vegetation management program on 22 federally threatened, endangered, and candidate species that may occur within the Eastern Oklahoma Region. The species evaluated included one plant, two insects, one reptile, five fresh-water mussels, four fishes, five birds, and four bats. Because the proposed treatments will be largely restricted to terrestrial systems, it is expected that there will be no adverse effects on the 15 species associated with aquatic habitats, provided that best management practices are followed. The proposed treatments may affect but are unlikely to adversely affect six of the primarily terrestrial species (the Papaipema eryngii [rattlesnake master borer], Picoides borealis [red-cockaded woodpecker], Myotis grisescens [gray bat], Myotis sodalis [Indiana bat], Myotis septentrionalis [northern long-eared bat], and Corynorhinus townsendii ingens [Ozark big-eared bat]), provided that best management practices are followed, including avoidance of critical habitat features.
The only species likely to be adversely affected by the proposed treatments is Nicrophorus americanus (American burying beetle) as a consequence of short-term disturbances to soils and vegetation. Most adverse effects of the treatments (such as soil compaction and decreased cover in the forest understory) are expected to be short term (habitat will recover or be restored within 5 years of treatments). Less than 1 percent of the action area is expected to result in long-term adverse effects to the American burying beetle as a result of permanent cover changes that persist for more than 5 years. It is expected that the primary treatments will be largely beneficial to the American burying beetle population in the region by reducing the risk of high-severity fires and expansion of invasive woody shrubs, such as Juniperus virginiana (eastern redcedar) within potential beetle habitat and the surrounding landscape. Overall, the proposed management program is expected to provide long-term benefits to American burying beetle habitat across 91 percent of the action area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Harms, B.R., Bencin, H.L., and Carr, N.B., 2020, Biological assessment of a proposed vegetation management program to benefit Tribes in eastern Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1013, 49 p., \nhttps://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201013.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 49 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-111270","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376079,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P95LDGHX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Estimated habitat suitability for the American burying beetle using land cover classes in the Southern Plains (ver. 1.1, June 2020)"},{"id":376078,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1013/ofr20201013.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1013"},{"id":376077,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1013/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":384231,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1013/versionHist.txt","text":"version history","size":"9.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2020-1013 version history"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -96.844482421875,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -96.92138671875,\n 36.61552763134925\n ],\n [\n -97.00927734375,\n 36.421282443649496\n ],\n [\n -96.064453125,\n 36.13787471840729\n ],\n [\n -96.52587890625,\n 35.951329861522666\n ],\n [\n -96.88842773437499,\n 35.7019167328534\n ],\n [\n -97.14111328125,\n 34.939985151560435\n ],\n [\n -97.789306640625,\n 35.27253175660236\n ],\n [\n -98.031005859375,\n 35.28150065789119\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -97.9541015625,\n 33.86129311351553\n ],\n [\n -97.591552734375,\n 34.016241889667015\n ],\n [\n -97.305908203125,\n 33.78827853625996\n ],\n [\n -97.108154296875,\n 33.897777013859475\n ],\n [\n -96.99829101562499,\n 33.73347670599252\n ],\n [\n -96.45996093749999,\n 33.715201644740844\n ],\n [\n -95.712890625,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -95.284423828125,\n 33.86129311351553\n ],\n [\n -95.11962890625,\n 33.93424531117312\n ],\n [\n -94.449462890625,\n 33.61461929233378\n ],\n [\n -94.449462890625,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 36.99377838872517\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Fort Collins Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2150 Centre Ave., Building C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
The Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence began the morning of 4 July 2019 with an M6.4 earthquake at 10:33 a.m., closely following several small foreshocks. The epicenter of this event was roughly 11 miles (18 km) east-northeast of Ridgecrest (Figure 1) within the Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake (NAWS-CL). Seismic and geologic data established that the M6.4 earthquake occurred primarily along a steeply dipping northeast-trending strike-slip fault with left-lateral slip. This earthquake and preliminary reports of damage in Ridgecrest and Trona and associated ground cracking triggered a response by earthquake scientists and engineers throughout the region. A California Earthquake Clearinghouse was established in Ridgecrest to help coordinate the scientific response effort and to share data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","usgsCitation":"Program, E.L., and Scharer, K., 2020, EERI earthquake reconnaissance report: 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence, 71 p.","productDescription":"71 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127001","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406817,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://learningfromearthquakes.org/2019-07-04-searles-valley/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=79"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.25659179687499,\n 33.87953701355924\n ],\n [\n -117.31201171875001,\n 33.87953701355924\n ],\n [\n -117.31201171875001,\n 35.11990857099681\n ],\n [\n -119.25659179687499,\n 35.11990857099681\n ],\n [\n -119.25659179687499,\n 33.87953701355924\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851964,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, Benjamin A. 0000-0001-7954-6281 bbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7954-6281","contributorId":5237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851965,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":263442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851966,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pickering, Alexandra 0000-0002-1281-6117","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-6117","contributorId":208275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickering","given":"Alexandra","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851967,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Blair, James Luke 0000-0002-6980-6446","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-6446","contributorId":213724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Luke","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851968,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ponti, Daniel J. 0000-0002-2437-5144 dponti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-5144","contributorId":1020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"Daniel","email":"dponti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851969,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":8}],"authors":[{"text":"Program, EERI Learning from Earthquakes","contributorId":296610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Program","given":"EERI","email":"","middleInitial":"Learning from Earthquakes","affiliations":[{"id":64105,"text":"EERI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scharer, Katherine M. 0000-0003-2811-2496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-2496","contributorId":217361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"Katherine M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211856,"text":"70211856 - 2020 - U-Pb geochronology of igneous and detrital zircon samples from the Tok River area, eastern Alaska Range, and Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-12T14:45:33.275947","indexId":"70211856","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-30T12:14:32","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6001,"text":"Geological & Geophysical Surveys","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"DGGS RDF 2020-3","title":"U-Pb geochronology of igneous and detrital zircon samples from the Tok River area, eastern Alaska Range, and Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska","docAbstract":"This Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) Raw Data File presents U-Pb zircon geochronology results from selected igneous, meta-igneous, and metasedimentary rocks collected during the Tok River and Wrangellia geologic mapping projects in the eastern Alaska Range and the northwestern Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska. The purpose of these analyses is to better constrain the age of select geologic units encountered during the mapping projects.","language":"English","publisher":"Department of Natural Resources, State of Alaska","doi":"10.14509/30439","usgsCitation":"Holm-Denoma, C., Sicard, K.R., and Twelker, E., 2020, U-Pb geochronology of igneous and detrital zircon samples from the Tok River area, eastern Alaska Range, and Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska: Geological & Geophysical Surveys DGGS RDF 2020-3, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.14509/30439.","productDescription":"20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118468","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14509/30439","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377346,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Alaska Range, Talkeetna Mountains, Tok River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.2275390625,\n 61.66902436927201\n ],\n [\n -141.9873046875,\n 61.66902436927201\n ],\n [\n -141.9873046875,\n 63.6267446447533\n ],\n [\n -148.2275390625,\n 63.6267446447533\n ],\n [\n -148.2275390625,\n 61.66902436927201\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":219763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sicard, Karri R. 0000-0003-4062-8030","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4062-8030","contributorId":219210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sicard","given":"Karri","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":795414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twelker, Evan","contributorId":178306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twelker","given":"Evan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":795415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70217072,"text":"70217072 - 2020 - Machine-learning models to map pH and redox conditions in groundwater in a layered aquifer system, Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain, eastern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-04T13:17:05.281621","indexId":"70217072","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-30T07:12:49","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3823,"text":"Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Machine-learning models to map pH and redox conditions in groundwater in a layered aquifer system, Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain, eastern USA","docAbstract":"The study was conducted in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system, in the eastern USA.
Groundwater pH and redox conditions are fundamental chemical characteristics controlling the distribution of many contaminants of concern for drinking water or the ecological health of receiving waters. In this study, pH and redox conditions were modeled and mapped in a complex, layered aquifer system. Machine-learning methods (boosted regression trees) were applied to data from 3000 to 5000 wells. Predicted pH and the probability of anoxic conditions, defined by three thresholds of dissolved oxygen (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/L), were mapped at the 1-km2 scale for each of 10 regional aquifer layers.
Maps depict the extent of acidic groundwater and oxic conditions in the shallow, unconfined surficial aquifer and in unconfined, recharge-proximal areas of underlying aquifers, in contrast to alkaline and anoxic groundwater elsewhere. Geographic patterns and influential predictors–including elevation, overlying confining-units thickness, and simulated groundwater age and flux–are consistent with prior understanding of the processes controlling pH and redox in the aquifer system. The model-based maps support robust estimates of aquifer proportions, either areal or volumetric, likely to contain groundwater of a specified quality or be vulnerable to specific pH- or redox-sensitive contaminants. The machine-learning methods were an effective tool to map groundwater quality at the regional scale.
Climate change is expected to result in the tropicalization of coastal wetlands in the northern Gulf of Mexico, as warming winters allow tropical mangrove forests to expand their distribution poleward at the expense of temperate salt marshes. Data limitations near mangrove range limits have hindered understanding of the effects of winter temperature extremes on mangrove distribution and structure. Here, we investigated the influence of extreme freeze events on the abundance, height and coverage of black mangroves (Avicennia germinans ) near their northern range limit in Louisiana.
Coastal Louisiana, USA.
We quantified the relationships between the frequency of extreme freeze events and A. germinans abundance, height and coverage using: (a) mangrove observation points recorded via aerial surveys from a fixed‐wing aircraft; (b) 30 years of temperature data; and (c) mangrove mortality and leaf damage temperature thresholds. We used freeze frequency data and mangrove–climate relationships to evaluate and spatially depict the risk of A. germinans freeze damage across Louisiana.
We identified strong negative relationships between the frequency of extreme freeze events and A. germinans abundance, height and coverage. Avicennia germinans is most abundant, tall and continuous along the south‐eastern outer coast of Louisiana, where the frequency of extreme freeze events is reduced (i.e., lower risk of mangrove freeze damage) by the buffering effects of comparatively warm Gulf of Mexico waters. Conversely, the risk of A. germinans freeze damage has historically been very high across Louisiana's Chenier Plain and within more inland wetlands in the Deltaic Plain.
Our analyses advance understanding of how the frequency of extreme freeze events controls the distribution, height and coverage of A. germinans near its northern range limit. In addition to informing climate‐smart coastal restoration efforts, our findings can be used to better anticipate and prepare for the tropicalization of temperate wetlands due to climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13119","usgsCitation":"Osland, M., Day, R., and Michot, T.C., 2020, Frequency of extreme freeze events controls the distribution and structure of black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) near their northern range limit in coastal Louisiana: Diversity and Distributions, v. 26, no. 10, p. 1366-1382, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13119.","productDescription":"Article: 17 p.; Data Release","startPage":"1366","endPage":"1382","ipdsId":"IP-116815","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456209,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13119","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376104,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":379388,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RC8EIE"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Coastal Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -92.46093749999999,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 28.8831596093235\n ],\n [\n -89.07714843749999,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -89.384765625,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -89.82421875,\n 30.600093873550072\n ],\n [\n -91.62597656249999,\n 30.44867367928756\n ],\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -94.130859375,\n 30.031055426540206\n ],\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 29.152161283318915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osland, Michael 0000-0001-9902-8692","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9902-8692","contributorId":214842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osland","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, Richard 0000-0002-5959-7054","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-7054","contributorId":221895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michot, Thomas C.","contributorId":228798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michot","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":41511,"text":"USGS WARC (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70210838,"text":"70210838 - 2020 - Refining genetic boundaries for Agassiz’s desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the western Sonoran Desert: The influence of the Coachella Valley on gene flow among populations in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-12T16:52:30.666957","indexId":"70210838","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-29T09:08:15","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5093,"text":"Frontiers of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Refining genetic boundaries for Agassiz’s desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the western Sonoran Desert: The influence of the Coachella Valley on gene flow among populations in southern California","docAbstract":"Understanding the influence of geographic features on the evolutionary history and population structure of a species can assist wildlife managers in delimiting genetic units (GUs) for conservation and management. Landscape features including mountains, low elevation depressions, and even roads can influence connectivity and gene flow among Agassiz’s desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) populations. Substantial changes in the landscape of the American Southwest occurred during the last six million years (including the formation of the Gulf of California and the lower Colorado River), which shaped the distribution and genetic structuring of tortoise populations. The area northwest of the Gulf of California is occupied by the Salton Trough, including the Coachella Valley at its northern end. Much of this area is below sea level and unsuitable as tortoise habitat, thus forming a potential barrier for gene flow. We assessed genetic relationships among three tortoise populations separated by the Coachella Valley. Two adjacent populations were on the east side of the valley in the foothills of the Cottonwood and Orocopia mountains separated by Interstate 10. The third population, Mesa, was located about 87 km away in the foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains at the far northwestern tip of the valley. The Cottonwood and Orocopia localities showed genetic affiliation with the adjacent Colorado Desert GU immediately to the east, and the Mesa population exhibited affiliation with both the Southern Mojave and Colorado Desert GUs, despite having a greater geographic distance (0.5x–1.5x greater) to the Colorado Desert GU. The genetic affiliation with the Colorado Desert GU suggests that the boundary for that GU needs to be substantially extended to the west to include the desert tortoise populations around the Coachella Valley. Their inclusion in the Colorado Desert GU may benefit these often overlooked populations when recovery actions are considered.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of California","doi":"10.21425/F5FBG46888","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J.E., Edwards, T., Berry, K.H., Puffer, S., Cummings, K.L., R., E.J., Agha, M., Wood, R., Brundige, K.D., and Murphy, R.W., 2020, Refining genetic boundaries for Agassiz’s desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the western Sonoran Desert: The influence of the Coachella Valley on gene flow among populations in southern California: Frontiers of Biogeography, v. 12, no. 3, e46888, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.21425/F5FBG46888.","productDescription":"e46888, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-115804","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.21425/f5fbg46888","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":375969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-29T12:45:16.577045","indexId":"70210822","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-26T08:36:20","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migratory behavior and winter geography drive differential range shifts of eastern birds in response to recent climate change","docAbstract":"Over the past half century, migratory birds in North America have shown divergent population trends relative to resident species, with the former declining rapidly and the latter increasing. The role that climate change has played in these observed trends is not well understood, despite significant warming over this period. We used 43 y of monitoring data to fit dynamic species distribution models and quantify the rate of latitudinal range shifts in 32 species of birds native to eastern North America. Since the early 1970s, species that remain in North America throughout the year, including both resident and migratory species, appear to have responded to climate change through both colonization of suitable area at the northern leading edge of their breeding distributions and adaption in place at the southern trailing edges. Neotropical migrants, in contrast, have shown the opposite pattern: contraction at their southern trailing edges and no measurable shifts in their northern leading edges. As a result, the latitudinal distributions of temperate-wintering species have increased while the latitudinal distributions of neotropical migrants have decreased. These results raise important questions about the mechanisms that determine range boundaries of neotropical migrants and suggest that these species may be particularly vulnerable to future climate change. Our results highlight the potential importance of climate change during the nonbreeding season in constraining the response of migratory species to temperature changes at both the trailing and leading edges of their breeding distributions. Future research on the interactions between breeding and nonbreeding climate change is urgently needed.","language":"English","publisher":"PNAS","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2000299117","usgsCitation":"Clark Rushing, Royle, A., Ziolkowski, D., and Pardieck, K.L., 2020, Migratory behavior and winter geography drive differential range shifts of eastern birds in response to recent climate change: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 117, no. 23, p. 12897-12903, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000299117.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"12897","endPage":"12903","ipdsId":"IP-115090","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000299117","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":375949,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Eastern North America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.9609375,\n 58.44773280389084\n ],\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -85.25390625,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -81.9140625,\n 24.367113562651262\n ],\n [\n -74.00390625,\n 38.95940879245423\n ],\n [\n -60.1171875,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -53.26171875,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -64.16015624999999,\n 59.977005492196\n ],\n [\n -69.9609375,\n 58.44773280389084\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark Rushing","contributorId":225554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark Rushing","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":146229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. 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We analyzed the storm and documented its “source-to-sink” development to relate the frontal passage with dust mobilization, air quality changes, and dust deposition on montane snowpack near Alta, Utah. This case study is first to track a dust storm and measure the elemental composition and radiative properties of the resulting DOS as a single specific event layer in Wasatch montane snowpack; prior studies have assessed seasonally aggregated DOS deposits. Dust plumes on MODIS imagery indicate mobilization from known regional “hotspots” for aeolian activity, including clay- and silt-rich alluvium, modern playas, and disturbed areas within the Pleistocene Paleolake Bonneville Basin. This 2015 single event dust layer was 1–3 cm thick with a median dust size of 10.81–12.55 µm; its measured radiative properties are similar to aggregated dusts previously assessed in Wasatch snowpack. Dust from the 2015 DOS event is enriched in the elements As, Cd, Cu, and Mo by a 10× factor relative to average elemental concentrations in the upper continental crust; its heavy metals (Cu, Pb, As, Cd, Mo, Zn) are probably derived from regional mine operations. Tracking elemental fluxes from source-to-sink is important for resolving environmental impacts, and informing future analysis of single storm dust loading, ecosystem impacts, and quantity and quality of meltwater-fed drinking water.
Surface rupture in the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence occurred along two orthogonal cross faults and includes dominantly left‐lateral and northeast‐striking rupture in the
Ecological occupancy modeling has historically relied on high-quality, low-quantity designed-survey data for estimation and prediction. In recent years, there has been a large increase in the amount of high-quantity, unknown-quality opportunistic data. This has motivated research on how best to combine these two data sources in order to optimize inference. Existing methods can be infeasible for large datasets or require opportunistic data to be located where designed-survey data exist. These methods map species occupancies, motivating a need to properly evaluate covariate effects (e.g., land cover proportion) on their distributions. We describe a spatial estimation method for supplementarily including additional opportunistic data using mediation analysis concepts. The opportunistic data mediate the effect of the covariate on the designed-survey data response, decomposing it into a direct and indirect effect. A component of the indirect effect can then be quickly estimated via regressing the mediator on the covariate, while the other components are estimated through a spatial occupancy model. The regression step allows for use of large quantities of opportunistic data that can be collected in locations with no designed-survey data available. Simulation results suggest that the mediated method produces an improvement in relative MSE when the data are of reasonable quality. However, when the simulated opportunistic data are poorly correlated with the true spatial process, the standard, unmediated method is still preferable. A spatiotemporal extension of the method is also developed for analyzing the effect of deciduous forest land cover on red-eyed vireo distribution in the southeastern United States and find that including the opportunistic data do not lead to a substantial improvement. Opportunistic data quality remains an important consideration when employing this method, as with other data integration methods.
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