Estimating the abundance of unmarked animal populations from acoustic data is challenging due to the inability to identify individuals and the need to adjust for observation biases including detectability (false negatives), species misclassification (false positives), and sampling exposure. Acoustic surveys conducted along mobile transects were designed to avoid counting individuals more than once, where raw counts are commonly treated as an index of abundance. More recently, false-positive abundance models have been developed to estimate abundance while accounting for imperfect detection and misclassification. We adapted these methods to model summertime abundance and trends of three species of bats at multiple spatial scales using acoustic recordings collected along mobile transects by partners of the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat) from 2012 to 2020. This multiscale modeling spanned individual transect routes, larger NABat grid cells (10 km × 10 km), and across the entire extent of modeled species ranges. We estimated relationships between species abundances and a suite of abiotic and biotic predictors (landcover types, climatological variables, physiographic diversity, building density, and the impacts of white-nose syndrome [WNS]) and found varying levels of support between species. We present clear evidence of substantial declines in populations of tricolored bats (Perimyotis subflavus) and little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus), declines that corresponded in space and time with the progression of WNS, a devastating disease of hibernating bats. In contrast, our analysis revealed that similar population-wide declines probably have not occurred in big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), a species known to be less affected by WNS. This study provides the first abundance-based species distribution predictions and population trends for bats in their summer ranges in North America. These models will probably be applicable to assessing wildlife populations in other monitoring programs where acoustic data are used or where false-negative and false-positive detections are present. Finally, our abundance framework (as a spatial point pattern process) can serve as a foundation from which more sophisticated integrated species distribution models that incorporate additional streams of monitoring data (e.g., stationary acoustics, captures) can be developed for North American bats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1617","usgsCitation":"Udell, B.J., Straw, B., Loeb, S.C., Irvine, K., Thogmartin, W.E., Lausen, C., Reichard, J.D., Coleman, J.T., Cryan, P.M., Frick, W.F., and Reichert, B., 2024, Using mobile acoustic monitoring and false-positive N-mixture models to estimate bat abundance and population trends: Ecological Monographs, v. 94, no. 4, e1617, 25 p.; Data Release, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1617.","productDescription":"e1617, 25 p.; Data Release","ipdsId":"IP-153066","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":434925,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9R3W0EZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Ecosystems-nabat-FPabund: software for fitting false-positive N-mixture models using NABat mobile acoustic data (version 1.0.0)"},{"id":439265,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1617","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433498,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udell, Bradley James 0000-0001-5225-4959","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5225-4959","contributorId":271174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udell","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straw, Bethany R. 0000-0001-9086-4600","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9086-4600","contributorId":271020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straw","given":"Bethany","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loeb, Susan C. 0000-0002-9264-3614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9264-3614","contributorId":337070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loeb","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37389,"text":"U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn 0000-0002-6426-940X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":221555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lausen, Cori","contributorId":343919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lausen","given":"Cori","affiliations":[{"id":36893,"text":"Wildlife Conservation Society Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reichard, Jonathan D. 0000-0002-4792-2868","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-2868","contributorId":337073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reichard","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Coleman, Jeremy T.H. 0000-0002-2762-947X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2762-947X","contributorId":239956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coleman","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"T.H.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":147942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Frick, Winifred F. 0000-0002-9469-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9469-1839","contributorId":337076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frick","given":"Winifred","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":12591,"text":"Bat Conservation International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Reichert, Brian E. 0000-0002-9640-0695","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9640-0695","contributorId":204260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichert","given":"Brian","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70256391,"text":"70256391 - 2024 - Interactive effects of salinity and hydrology on radial growth of bald cypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) in coastal Louisiana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-01T18:07:32.586696","indexId":"70256391","displayToPublicDate":"2024-07-19T06:52:52","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1689,"text":"Forests","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactive effects of salinity and hydrology on radial growth of bald cypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) in coastal Louisiana, USA","docAbstract":"Tidal freshwater forests are usually located at or above the level of mean high water. Some Louisiana coastal forests are below mean high water, especially bald cypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) forests because flooding has increased due to the combined effects of global sea level rise and local subsidence. In addition, constructed channels from the coast inland act as conduits for saltwater. As a result, saltwater intrusion affects the productivity of Louisiana’s coastal bald cypress forests. To study the long-term effects of hydrology and salinity on the health of these systems, we fitted dendrometer bands on selected trees to record basal area increment as a measure of growth in permanent forest productivity plots established within six bald cypress stands. Three stands were in freshwater sites with low salinity rooting zone groundwater (0.1–1.3 ppt), while the other three had higher salinity rooting zone groundwater (0.2–4.9 ppt). Water level was logged continuously, and salinity was measured monthly to quarterly on the surface and in groundwater wells. Higher groundwater salinity levels were related to decreased bald cypress radial growth, while higher freshwater flooding increased radial growth. With these data, coastal managers can model rates of bald cypress forest change as a function of salinity and flooding.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/f15071258","usgsCitation":"Day, R., From, A., Johnson, D., and Krauss, K., 2024, Interactive effects of salinity and hydrology on radial growth of bald cypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) in coastal Louisiana, USA: Forests, v. 15, no. 7, 1258, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/f15071258.","productDescription":"1258, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-102177","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439267,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15071258","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":431608,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.19521095490502,\n 31.239460576333215\n ],\n [\n -94.19521095490502,\n 28.592602619005845\n ],\n [\n -88.87782814240524,\n 28.592602619005845\n ],\n [\n -88.87782814240524,\n 31.239460576333215\n ],\n [\n -94.19521095490502,\n 31.239460576333215\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, Richard 0000-0002-5959-7054","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-7054","contributorId":221895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"From, Andrew 0000-0002-6543-2627","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-2627","contributorId":221935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"From","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Darren 0000-0002-0502-6045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0502-6045","contributorId":203921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Darren","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krauss, Ken 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":219804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70256180,"text":"70256180 - 2024 - Discovery of giant and conventional magnetofossils bookending Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-25T12:24:18.533099","indexId":"70256180","displayToPublicDate":"2024-07-18T07:20:39","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8956,"text":"Communications Earth & Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discovery of giant and conventional magnetofossils bookending Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2","docAbstract":"Conventional magnetofossils are the remains of magnetotactic bacteria and giant magnetofossils are the remains of iron biomineralizing organisms that have not yet been identified. We report the oldest robust conventional and giant magnetofossil records, ~97 Ma, from marine sediments drilled in Holland Park, Virginia, USA. The Holland Park core records the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary and Oceanic-Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2). Magnetic datasets indicate single domain magnetite within the clay-rich sediments bookending OAE2. Electron microscopy images from these intervals highlight conventional and giant magnetofossil morphologies, including three potentially new giant magnetofossil morphologies: seeds, squash, and spades. There is an overall high abundance and morphological disparity of magnetofossils at Holland Park. However, we observe abundance, disparity, and preservation changes between the magnetofossil assemblages bookending OAE2. Our observations provide clues toward understanding the ecological thresholds of the enigmatic organisms that produce giant magnetofossils and evidence that magnetofossils may be widely distributed in the geologic record.
The importance of fluvial systems in the transport of sediment, dissolved and suspended contaminants, nutrients, and bacteria through the environment is well established. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies sediment as the single most widespread water contaminant affecting the beneficial uses of the Nation’s rivers and streams. The evaluation of water-quality as it relates to agriculture, urbanization, highway and residential construction, mining, industrial and human wastes, and other activities requires an extensive data and sample-collection effort. This is especially the case when studying urbanized river basins, where during hydrologic events, concentration of suspended sediment and contaminants can vary rapidly and over large ranges. Where synoptic studies of watersheds are called for, sampling may be needed at many sites throughout the basin; a complicated and difficult task in some settings. Automatic pumping samplers (autosamplers) are one method for conducting intensive time-varying sampling throughout watersheds.
This report presents guidelines for the use of autosamplers for collecting surface-water samples by the U.S. Geological Survey. An autosampler is an automatic, pump-based sampler that collects a prescribed volume of water from streams, lakes, reservoirs, storm drains, or other bodies of water after receiving a command from an internal or external control unit. It deposits this sample into a specified container for later analysis of physical, chemical, or biological constituents. This report provides a general background on types of autosamplers and how they work; guidance for designing, selecting, installing, servicing, and calibrating autosamplers; guidance on standardized operating procedures, and guidance on quality-assurance and quality-control efforts when using an autosampler.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm1D12","usgsCitation":"Wilson, T.P., Miller, C.V., and Lechner, E.A., 2024, Guidelines for the use of automatic samplers in collecting surface-water quality and sediment data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 1–D12, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm1D12","productDescription":"ix, 89 p.","numberOfPages":"89","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-131202","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430984,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/01/d12/images/"},{"id":430983,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/01/d12/tm1d12.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"TM 1-D12 XML"},{"id":430982,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm1D12/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"TM 1-D12 HTML"},{"id":430980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/01/d12/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":430981,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/01/d12/tm1d12.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 1-D12 PDF"}],"contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3450 Princeton Pike Suite 110
Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648
Compounding changes in climate and human activities stand to increase sediment input to rivers in many landscapes, including via discrete perturbations such as post-fire debris flows. Because sediment supply is a dominant control on river morphology, understanding mountain river responses to sediment regime perturbations is critical to predicting and addressing downstream effects to infrastructure, water security and aquatic habitat. A growing body of literature explores the causes, likelihood, size and composition of post-fire debris flows, but the channel response to these disturbances remains poorly studied. This study used repeat field surveys, time-lapse photographs and pre- and post-disturbance remote sensing datasets to document and analyse space- and time-varying channel response to post-fire debris flows along a steep mountain stream in the Upper Colorado River Basin, USA. Specifically, we evaluated channel morphology and bed composition changes, correlations between channel changes and valley and channel attributes, and the relative importance of spring snowmelt versus summer monsoon events. Several cross-sectional channel change types were observed from lidar a month after post-fire debris-flow events, including channelized and braided incision into deposits, incision into the pre-fire channel bed, bank erosion and no change. Channel changes were most correlated with pre-fire channel width, valley width and unit stream power, and these relationships could be tested in other burned locations to evaluate their transferability. Repeat channel surveys before and after snowmelt indicate rapid recovery and channel narrowing following major sediment disturbances, although sediment deposits remained in the channel margins. Together, these results highlight the importance of field and remote sensing-based channel surveys to improve understanding of, and potential to predict, mountain channel response to compounding climate disturbances.
Smallmouth buffalo (Ictiobus bubalus Rafinesque) are a large-bodied fish highly valued and commercially exploited across most of their range. Despite this, relatively little is known of their population demographics compared to other exploited species. To fill these knowledge gaps, we analyzed two independent long-term datasets (30 and 57 years, respectively) and population demographic data (age structure, growth, mortality, age at maturity, and recruitment) from multiple pools of the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) and Illinois River (Illinois, USA). Long-term data (30-year dataset) generally show downward trends or significant declines in catch per unit effort in the UMRS, while the 57-year dataset shows a stable trend or a significant increase in the Illinois River. The oldest smallmouth buffalo were estimated to be 39 years old, with nearly every pool sampled having individuals estimated to exceed 30 years of age. Except for Pool 13 of the UMRS, 90% of smallmouth buffalo were estimated to mature between 411 and 470 mm in length or between 8.7 and 11.2 years old. Recruitment was variable: strong year classes were generally preceded by multiple years of weak year classes. Our results indicate that the smallmouth buffalo population may be stable in portions of the UMRS and Illinois River systems, but significant declines in the northern extent of the UMRS may warrant conservation concern. Recent research into ages of buffalofishes shows that consideration should be given to the idea that the UMRS population could be age truncated. Results also emphasize the importance of long-term data and the ability to show changes in exploited populations over time.
The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has been orbiting Mars since 2006 and has acquired >80,000 HiRISE images with sub-meter resolution, contributing to over 2000 peer-reviewed publications, and has provided the data needed to enable safe surface landings in key locations by several rovers or landers. This paper describes the changes to science planning, data processing, and analysis tools since the initial Primary Science Phase in 2006–2008. These changes affect the data used or requested by the community and how they should interpret the data. There have been a variety of complications to the dataset over the years, such as gaps in monitoring due to spacecraft and instrument issues and special events like the arrival of new landers or rovers on Mars or global dust storms. The HiRISE optics have performed well except for a period when temperature uniformity was perturbed, reducing the resolution of some images. The focal plane system now has 12 rather than 14 operational detectors. The first failure (2011) was a unit at the edge of the swath width, reducing image width by 10% rather than creating a gap. The recent (2023) failure was in the middle of the swath. An unusual problem with the analog-to-digital conversion of the signal (resulting in erroneous data) has worsened over time; mitigation steps so far have preserved full-resolution imaging over all functional detectors. Soon, full-resolution imaging will be narrowed to a subset of the detectors and there will be more 2 × 2 binned data. We describe lessons received for future very high-resolution orbital imaging. We continue to invite all interested people to suggest HiRISE targets on Mars via HiWish, and to explore the easy-to-use publicly available images.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115795","usgsCitation":"McEwen, A.S., Byrne, S., Hansen, C.J., Daubar, I.J., Sutton, S., Dundas, C., Bardabelias, N., Baugh, N., Bergstrom, J.W., Beyer, R.A., Block, K.M., Bray, V., Bridges, J.C., Chojnacki, M., Conway, S.J., Delamere, W., Ebben, T., Espinosa, Y., Fennema, A., Grant, J., Gulick, V., Herkenhoff, K., Heyd, R., Leis, R., Ojha, L., Papendick, S., Schaller, C., Thomas, N., Tornabene, L.L., Weitz, C.M., and Wilson, S.A., 2024, The High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) in the MRO extended science phases (2009–2023): Icarus, v. 419, 115795, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115795.","productDescription":"115795, 38 p.","ipdsId":"IP-146056","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115795","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432998,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"419","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrne, Shane","contributorId":53513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Shane","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Candice J.","contributorId":70235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Candice","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":911253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daubar, Ingrid J.","contributorId":204233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daubar","given":"Ingrid","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sutton, Sarah","contributorId":173271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutton","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[{"id":27205,"text":"U. Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":237028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":911256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bardabelias, Nicole","contributorId":343504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bardabelias","given":"Nicole","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Baugh, Nicole","contributorId":210530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baugh","given":"Nicole","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":911258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bergstrom, James W.","contributorId":210510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bergstrom","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6944,"text":"Ball Aerospace Technologies Corporation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Beyer, Ross A.","contributorId":204235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beyer","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36890,"text":"Sagan Center at the SETI Institute and NASA Ames Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Block, Kristin M","contributorId":343506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Block","given":"Kristin","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bray, Veronica","contributorId":333644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bray","given":"Veronica","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Bridges, John C.","contributorId":173222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bridges","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27194,"text":"University of Leicester","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Chojnacki, Matthew 0000-0001-8497-8994","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8497-8994","contributorId":296931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chojnacki","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64240,"text":"Planetary Science Institute, Lakewood, CO, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Conway, Susan J.","contributorId":203697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conway","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36693,"text":"University of Nantes","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Delamere, W Alan","contributorId":343508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delamere","given":"W Alan","affiliations":[{"id":82102,"text":"Delamere Support Systems","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Ebben, T.","contributorId":343530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebben","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":911330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Espinosa, Yisrael","contributorId":343509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Espinosa","given":"Yisrael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Fennema, Audrie","contributorId":210538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fennema","given":"Audrie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":911268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Grant, John","contributorId":210872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":911269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Gulick, Virginia C","contributorId":343510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gulick","given":"Virginia C","affiliations":[{"id":82104,"text":"University of Arizona/SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":206170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":911271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Heyd, Rodney","contributorId":210542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heyd","given":"Rodney","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":911272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Leis, Richard","contributorId":210548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leis","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":911273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Ojha, Lujendra","contributorId":201619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ojha","given":"Lujendra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36219,"text":"Johns Hopkins","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Papendick, Singleton","contributorId":343512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Papendick","given":"Singleton","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Schaller, Christian","contributorId":210554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaller","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":911276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Thomas, Nicolas","contributorId":203694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25430,"text":"University of Bern","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Tornabene, Livio L.","contributorId":203691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tornabene","given":"Livio","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13255,"text":"University of Western Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Weitz, Catherine M.","contributorId":210511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weitz","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13179,"text":"Planetary Science Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":911279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Wilson, Sharon A.","contributorId":295241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12865,"text":"Smithsonian Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":911280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31}]}} ,{"id":70257650,"text":"70257650 - 2024 - Novel quantitative methods to enable multispectral identification of high-purity water ice exposures on Mars using High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-21T13:50:08.297937","indexId":"70257650","displayToPublicDate":"2024-07-17T08:48:08","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Novel quantitative methods to enable multispectral identification of high-purity water ice exposures on Mars using High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images","docAbstract":"Reliable detection and characterization of water ice on the Martian surface is pivotal to not only understand its present and past climate, but to also provide valuable information on in-situ resource availability and distribution for future human exploration missions. Ice-rich features are currently identified with visible/near-IR (VNIR), thermal IR and radar data. However, their coarse spatial scale sometimes limits confident characterization of small (i.e., meter-scale) icy exposures resulting from recent activity like new impacts. Water ice bearing materials possess weaker spectral characteristics at wavelengths shorter than ∼1030 nm that may be resolved by VNIR imaging instruments like the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) and the Colour and Stereo Surface Imaging System (CaSSIS). Our study assesses the spectral capability of HiRISE colour observations to help distinguish high purity water ice exposures from ice-poor materials. We report detailed methodologies for reliable colour characterization of icy surface using unfiltered HiRISE images. We present the first quantitative approach to uniquely characterize high-purity ice-rich materials through spectral shape and spectral parameterization methods at high spatial resolution (∼50 cm/pixel). We also present three spectral parameters to aid detection of pure water ice features, while also providing statistical constraints to enable a quantitative interpretation scheme. Our methods are observed to work well in characterizing and separating ice-rich features uniquely from ice-poor and ferrous materials. However, we do observe that these methods have a lower grain size detection limit of ∼250–300 μm, and may not be able to uniquely separate frosts from ground ice exposures. We also apply these methods to better constrain the composition of bright materials exposed by recent impacts identified in previous surveys, where substantial evidence for ice-bearing materials was previously unavailable. Overall, our work proposes HiRISE colour-based methods as a novel approach for high-resolution multispectral characterization of ice-rich features on the Martian surface, which is of particular value since the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) has ceased operations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115849","usgsCitation":"Rangarajan, V.G., Tornabene, L.L., Osinski, G.R., Dundas, C., Beyer, R.A., Herkenhoff, K., Byrne, S., Heyd, R., Seelos, F.P., Munaretto, G., and Dapremont, A., 2024, Novel quantitative methods to enable multispectral identification of high-purity water ice exposures on Mars using High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images: Icarus, v. 419, 115849, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115849.","productDescription":"115849, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154753","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":432995,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"419","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rangarajan, Vidhya Ganesh","contributorId":303377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rangarajan","given":"Vidhya","email":"","middleInitial":"Ganesh","affiliations":[{"id":13255,"text":"University of Western Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tornabene, Livio L.","contributorId":203691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tornabene","given":"Livio","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13255,"text":"University of Western Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osinski, G. R.","contributorId":343477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osinski","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13255,"text":"University of Western Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":237028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":911210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beyer, Ross A.","contributorId":204235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beyer","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36890,"text":"Sagan Center at the SETI Institute and NASA Ames Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":206170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":911212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Byrne, Shane","contributorId":53513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Shane","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Heyd, Rodney","contributorId":210542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heyd","given":"Rodney","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":911214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Seelos, Frank P.","contributorId":203692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seelos","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36691,"text":"JHU APL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Munaretto, G.","contributorId":343479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munaretto","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82097,"text":"INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dapremont, Angela","contributorId":343480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dapremont","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82098,"text":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70263545,"text":"70263545 - 2024 - Slip rate for the Rose Canyon fault through San Diego, California, based on analysis of GPS data: Evidence for a potential Rose Canyon–San Miguel-Vallecitos fault connection?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-13T16:56:38.677011","indexId":"70263545","displayToPublicDate":"2024-07-16T10:52:06","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slip rate for the Rose Canyon fault through San Diego, California, based on analysis of GPS data: Evidence for a potential Rose Canyon–San Miguel-Vallecitos fault connection?","docAbstract":"The Rose Canyon fault is the southern extension of the larger Newport–Inglewood–Rose Canyon fault system, which represents a major structural boundary in the Inner Continental Borderland (ICB) offshore of southern California. Ten to fifteen percent of total plate boundary motion in southern California is thought to be accommodated by the faults of the ICB, but the exact distribution of slip is uncertain. With an onshore segment, the Rose Canyon fault offers an opportunity to measure the slip rate using traditional geodetic methods. In this study, we use Global Positioning System (GPS) surface velocities from a combined campaign and continuous GPS network to constrain elastic models of the Rose Canyon fault. We then compare the observed surface velocities with proposed conceptual models of regional fault connections that facilitate the transfer of slip into the Rose Canyon fault to assess how well the observations are explained by the models. The results of elastic half‐space models suggest that the Rose Canyon fault may be slipping toward the higher end of geologic estimates, with the preferred model indicating a slip rate of 2.4 ± 0.5 mm/yr. Although limited in terms of near‐fault benchmarks, we find an improved model fit using an asymmetrical elastic half‐space model and a higher slip rate, suggesting a potential rheological contrast across the Rose Canyon fault, similar to observations from the northern Newport–Inglewood fault segments. Observed GPS surface velocities, background seismicity, and gravity anomalies south of San Diego Bay point toward a more easterly trace for the Rose Canyon fault, suggesting a possible connection with the San Miguel–Vallecitos fault system. Such a connection could increase the potential rupture lengths of future earthquakes and have important consequences for regional seismic hazards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120230278","usgsCitation":"Singleton, D.M., Maloney, J., Agnew, D., and Rockwell, T., 2024, Slip rate for the Rose Canyon fault through San Diego, California, based on analysis of GPS data: Evidence for a potential Rose Canyon–San Miguel-Vallecitos fault connection?: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 114, no. 5, p. 2751-2766, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120230278.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2751","endPage":"2766","ipdsId":"IP-149537","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.03132304321895,\n 32.37326157121886\n ],\n [\n -114.89786575651428,\n 32.75462583665147\n ],\n [\n -114.93333927794629,\n 33.64921849858126\n ],\n [\n -118.29120454417611,\n 35.815309260323346\n ],\n [\n -121.93695511034596,\n 35.53619205111963\n ],\n [\n -121.70925414240213,\n 34.55709712444637\n ],\n [\n -118.03132304321895,\n 32.37326157121886\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singleton, Drake Moore 0000-0001-5346-0623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5346-0623","contributorId":261207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singleton","given":"Drake","email":"","middleInitial":"Moore","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maloney, Jillian","contributorId":304141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maloney","given":"Jillian","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Agnew, Duncan 0000-0002-2360-7783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2360-7783","contributorId":178605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agnew","given":"Duncan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":927320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rockwell, Thomas","contributorId":175454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70255731,"text":"ofr20241012 - 2024 - Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2015 - November 30, 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T17:08:39.677727","indexId":"ofr20241012","displayToPublicDate":"2024-07-16T09:09:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024-1012","displayTitle":"Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the Period December 1, 2015–November 30, 2016","title":"Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2015 - November 30, 2016","docAbstract":"A Decree of the Supreme Court of the United States, entered June 7, 1954 (New Jersey v. New York, 347 U.S. 995), established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey. In addition, the Decree authorizes the diversion of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from reservoirs owned by New York City to be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master provide reports to the Court not less frequently than annually. This report is the 63rd annual report of the River Master of the Delaware River. The report covers the 2016 River Master report year, which is the period from December 1, 2015, to November 30, 2016.
During the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 38.6 inches or 87 percent of the long-term average. Combined storage remained high (above 80 percent of combined capacity) for much of the year and did not decline below 80 percent of combined capacity until August 2016. The lowest combined storage was 106.406 billion gallons or 39 percent of combined capacity on November 28, 2016. Delaware River Basin Commission Resolution 2016–07 necessitated a basinwide drought watch on November 23, 2016. The drought watch continued through the remainder of the 2016 report year. Delaware River Master operations during the year were conducted as stipulated by the Decree and the Flexible Flow Management Program. New York City and New Jersey fully complied with the terms of the Decree and, during drought watch conditions, with the Delaware River Basin Commission Resolution 2016–07 terms. Diversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey fully complied with the Decree. The reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey, on 126 days during the report year. Interim Excess Release Quantity and conservation releases, designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs, were also made during the report year.
Water quality in the Delaware River estuary between the streamgages at Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at several locations. Data on water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH were collected continuously by electronic instruments at four sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241012","isbn":"978-1-4113-4551-5","usgsCitation":"Russell, K.L., Andrews, W.J., DiFrenna, V.J., Norris, J.M., and Mason, R.R., Jr., 2024, Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2015–November 30, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1012, 105 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241012.","productDescription":"xi, 105 p.","numberOfPages":"105","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-144909","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430729,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1012/images/"},{"id":430728,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1012/ofr20241012.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2024-1012 XML"},{"id":499229,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117124.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":430727,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241012/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2024-1012 HTML"},{"id":430725,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1012/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":430726,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1012/ofr20241012.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.43 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1012 PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Delaware River Master
Office of the Delaware River Master
U.S. Geological Survey
Mississippi has a dispersed population of nearly three million residents in an area of approximately 48,400 square miles and has a favorable climate for agriculture, with abundant precipitation and minimal extreme temperatures. The topography consists mostly of low hills and lowland plains, with the highest elevation about 800 feet above sea level. An exception is the nearly flat Mississippi Alluvial Plain, or “Delta,” in the northwestern part of the State. Agriculture and forestry are Mississippi’s major industries. With 65 percent of its area forested, the State is one of the country’s top producers of lumber and wood-related products. In addition to agriculture and forest resources management, other important economic activities are infrastructure and construction management, flood risk management, and water supply and quality assessment. High-quality elevation data can help to support these activities. Critical applications that meet the State’s management needs depend on light detection and ranging (lidar) data that provide a highly detailed three-dimensional (3D) model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20243027","usgsCitation":"Heleine, G.F., 2024, The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Mississippi's economy: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2024–3027, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20243027.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-127131","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430846,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3027/fs20243027.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"FS 2024-3027 XML"},{"id":430845,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20243027/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2024-3027 HTML"},{"id":430844,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3027/fs20243027.pdf","text":"Report","size":"500 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2024-3027 PDF"},{"id":430843,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3027/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":430847,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3027/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-89.095623,30.231767],[-89.077259,30.23168],[-89.067128,30.250199],[-89.063989,30.246299],[-89.073538,30.223318],[-89.091469,30.202305],[-89.118222,30.223343],[-89.156738,30.230699],[-89.095623,30.231767]]],[[[-88.90037,30.224576],[-88.945498,30.209646],[-88.974672,30.207391],[-88.984249,30.21032],[-88.920511,30.220578],[-88.889797,30.239665],[-88.87366,30.241748],[-88.90037,30.224576]]],[[[-88.710719,30.250799],[-88.656804,30.233956],[-88.573044,30.22264],[-88.562067,30.227476],[-88.569138,30.221357],[-88.587424,30.219154],[-88.665857,30.228847],[-88.71183,30.242662],[-88.752782,30.238803],[-88.771991,30.245523],[-88.73255,30.246322],[-88.718104,30.252931],[-88.710719,30.250799]]],[[[-88.506999,30.214348],[-88.453444,30.201236],[-88.430332,30.208548],[-88.401466,30.210172],[-88.428301,30.198511],[-88.453654,30.196584],[-88.493523,30.205945],[-88.506999,30.214348]]],[[[-90.309297,34.995694],[-88.200064,34.995634],[-88.176106,34.962519],[-88.154617,34.922392],[-88.136692,34.907592],[-88.097888,34.892202],[-88.243025,33.79568],[-88.473227,31.893856],[-88.41863,30.866528],[-88.395023,30.369425],[-88.399062,30.360744],[-88.39398,30.349307],[-88.401181,30.344382],[-88.409927,30.342115],[-88.418811,30.353911],[-88.433891,30.354652],[-88.446495,30.347753],[-88.446625,30.337671],[-88.45381,30.329626],[-88.480117,30.318345],[-88.504802,30.321472],[-88.506334,30.327398],[-88.522494,30.340092],[-88.579483,30.34419],[-88.599249,30.358933],[-88.613745,30.353108],[-88.624523,30.358713],[-88.66382,30.362099],[-88.700587,30.343689],[-88.728893,30.342671],[-88.746945,30.347622],[-88.771742,30.365403],[-88.811615,30.384907],[-88.810227,30.394698],[-88.841328,30.409598],[-88.857828,30.392898],[-88.851442,30.375355],[-88.89393,30.393398],[-88.971233,30.390798],[-89.016334,30.383898],[-89.083237,30.368097],[-89.18684,30.331197],[-89.285744,30.303097],[-89.294444,30.307596],[-89.291844,30.328096],[-89.287844,30.333196],[-89.281564,30.33198],[-89.279818,30.34979],[-89.292499,30.365635],[-89.315067,30.375408],[-89.335942,30.374016],[-89.353248,30.368795],[-89.366116,30.352169],[-89.332546,30.337895],[-89.322545,30.314896],[-89.329946,30.302896],[-89.365747,30.284896],[-89.379547,30.270396],[-89.419348,30.25432],[-89.430428,30.223218],[-89.447465,30.205098],[-89.44791,30.185352],[-89.461275,30.174745],[-89.469792,30.176278],[-89.480214,30.193751],[-89.503231,30.183051],[-89.524504,30.180753],[-89.530452,30.192197],[-89.538652,30.195797],[-89.570154,30.180297],[-89.585754,30.192096],[-89.596655,30.211796],[-89.615856,30.223195],[-89.614156,30.244595],[-89.631789,30.256924],[-89.631411,30.279662],[-89.64344,30.287682],[-89.640401,30.306755],[-89.626221,30.314255],[-89.629727,30.339287],[-89.657191,30.356515],[-89.683686,30.405873],[-89.684118,30.412646],[-89.678514,30.414012],[-89.684816,30.439511],[-89.68341,30.451793],[-89.701799,30.465115],[-89.709551,30.477853],[-89.715886,30.477797],[-89.724614,30.491902],[-89.758133,30.505404],[-89.76057,30.515761],[-89.768133,30.51502],[-89.779565,30.544345],[-89.793818,30.545935],[-89.794532,30.556554],[-89.803887,30.560581],[-89.790078,30.565333],[-89.794495,30.569653],[-89.808027,30.567998],[-89.807118,30.587337],[-89.819838,30.59534],[-89.814563,30.606152],[-89.821286,30.60713],[-89.823261,30.622803],[-89.818081,30.634019],[-89.821868,30.644024],[-89.833261,30.657516],[-89.851889,30.661199],[-89.85055,30.664781],[-89.843355,30.663699],[-89.837894,30.672514],[-89.847201,30.670038],[-89.835848,30.699555],[-89.845801,30.707314],[-89.836257,30.716185],[-89.831961,30.715384],[-89.828061,30.725018],[-89.836331,30.727197],[-89.83687,30.734661],[-89.816764,30.740076],[-89.826053,30.742322],[-89.831537,30.76761],[-89.819164,30.795229],[-89.81261,30.789876],[-89.804696,30.791624],[-89.810863,30.797379],[-89.800422,30.810425],[-89.800049,30.819078],[-89.782404,30.817975],[-89.783985,30.827385],[-89.790432,30.830985],[-89.790121,30.837983],[-89.780947,30.848542],[-89.784073,30.85527],[-89.771722,30.854677],[-89.767955,30.863858],[-89.778005,30.873411],[-89.778583,30.878903],[-89.770027,30.882254],[-89.773553,30.896862],[-89.757024,30.898947],[-89.764202,30.911906],[-89.759403,30.915134],[-89.750073,30.91293],[-89.744789,30.918933],[-89.756333,30.943498],[-89.735686,30.966573],[-89.728041,30.966518],[-89.727086,30.969707],[-89.736883,30.977122],[-89.732168,30.978088],[-89.727698,30.993329],[-89.73554,30.999715],[-89.728145,31.0023],[-89.732504,31.004831],[-89.751481,30.99969],[-91.636942,30.999416],[-91.578413,31.02403],[-91.564397,31.038965],[-91.559907,31.054119],[-91.567648,31.070186],[-91.61857,31.107328],[-91.625994,31.116896],[-91.625118,31.131879],[-91.597062,31.163492],[-91.589046,31.178586],[-91.588939,31.188959],[-91.601616,31.208573],[-91.625119,31.226071],[-91.644356,31.234414],[-91.652019,31.242691],[-91.654027,31.255753],[-91.637672,31.26768],[-91.564192,31.261633],[-91.537734,31.267369],[-91.515614,31.27821],[-91.508858,31.291644],[-91.507977,31.312943],[-91.548967,31.347255],[-91.551002,31.363645],[-91.546607,31.381198],[-91.55568,31.386413],[-91.568953,31.377629],[-91.578334,31.399067],[-91.576265,31.410498],[-91.565179,31.423447],[-91.548465,31.432668],[-91.541626,31.431706],[-91.532336,31.390275],[-91.521836,31.37517],[-91.504163,31.36495],[-91.47887,31.364955],[-91.471098,31.376917],[-91.472065,31.395925],[-91.500046,31.42052],[-91.513366,31.444396],[-91.518148,31.483483],[-91.514917,31.510113],[-91.520579,31.513207],[-91.522536,31.522078],[-91.511217,31.532612],[-91.489618,31.534266],[-91.481318,31.530666],[-91.443916,31.542466],[-91.414915,31.562166],[-91.405415,31.576466],[-91.403915,31.589766],[-91.422716,31.597065],[-91.466317,31.586066],[-91.488618,31.587466],[-91.502783,31.595727],[-91.516567,31.611818],[-91.515462,31.630372],[-91.494478,31.645013],[-91.474318,31.625365],[-91.436716,31.612665],[-91.421116,31.611565],[-91.401015,31.620365],[-91.395715,31.644165],[-91.400115,31.688164],[-91.397915,31.709364],[-91.371804,31.742948],[-91.365034,31.748184],[-91.338663,31.750005],[-91.275545,31.745515],[-91.263406,31.754468],[-91.259611,31.76129],[-91.263043,31.766995],[-91.286045,31.772062],[-91.325973,31.76151],[-91.355214,31.758063],[-91.365529,31.761628],[-91.359514,31.799362],[-91.345714,31.842861],[-91.333814,31.853261],[-91.294713,31.86046],[-91.289312,31.846861],[-91.289412,31.828661],[-91.282212,31.814762],[-91.269212,31.809162],[-91.255611,31.812662],[-91.245047,31.831447],[-91.266612,31.851161],[-91.267712,31.86266],[-91.234899,31.876863],[-91.20281,31.907959],[-91.18061,31.917959],[-91.18491,31.923759],[-91.18371,31.933158],[-91.19111,31.934158],[-91.18481,31.965557],[-91.16441,31.982557],[-91.104108,31.990357],[-91.075908,32.016828],[-91.088108,32.034455],[-91.15141,32.049255],[-91.16131,32.059755],[-91.16031,32.070354],[-91.14881,32.080154],[-91.139309,32.081754],[-91.128609,32.076554],[-91.103708,32.050255],[-91.082308,32.047555],[-91.079108,32.050255],[-91.080008,32.079154],[-91.034707,32.101053],[-91.030507,32.108153],[-91.030907,32.120552],[-91.017606,32.125153],[-91.004106,32.146152],[-91.00619,32.156957],[-91.025007,32.162552],[-91.050207,32.178451],[-91.057647,32.177354],[-91.058907,32.171251],[-91.048507,32.150152],[-91.053175,32.124237],[-91.08163,32.133992],[-91.101181,32.131136],[-91.111294,32.125036],[-91.162822,32.132694],[-91.174552,32.154978],[-91.164171,32.196888],[-91.133587,32.213432],[-91.11727,32.206668],[-91.108509,32.20815],[-91.100409,32.21785],[-91.083708,32.22645],[-91.071108,32.22605],[-91.061408,32.21865],[-91.050307,32.237949],[-91.039007,32.242349],[-91.021507,32.236149],[-91.006106,32.22405],[-91.002469,32.215812],[-90.988672,32.215812],[-90.983434,32.221305],[-90.98029,32.243601],[-90.970016,32.25168],[-90.982985,32.270294],[-90.980747,32.29141],[-90.976199,32.29645],[-90.964149,32.296872],[-90.953008,32.284043],[-90.947834,32.283486],[-90.922231,32.298639],[-90.902558,32.319587],[-90.90072,32.330379],[-90.875631,32.372434],[-90.89206,32.370579],[-90.897762,32.35436],[-90.912363,32.339454],[-90.993625,32.354047],[-91.004506,32.364744],[-90.99408,32.403862],[-90.967767,32.418279],[-90.96856,32.438084],[-90.978547,32.447032],[-90.993863,32.45085],[-91.029606,32.433542],[-91.052907,32.438442],[-91.095308,32.458741],[-91.116008,32.48314],[-91.116708,32.500139],[-91.101304,32.525599],[-91.093741,32.549128],[-91.074817,32.533467],[-91.050907,32.500139],[-91.038106,32.49044],[-91.004206,32.48214],[-90.990703,32.487749],[-90.987831,32.49419],[-90.994481,32.506331],[-91.005468,32.513842],[-91.061685,32.536448],[-91.075373,32.546718],[-91.080398,32.556442],[-91.03617,32.579556],[-91.010228,32.601927],[-91.002962,32.622555],[-91.014286,32.640482],[-91.025769,32.646573],[-91.038415,32.636443],[-91.049796,32.607188],[-91.112764,32.590186],[-91.118641,32.585139],[-91.127912,32.586493],[-91.144074,32.600613],[-91.153556,32.626181],[-91.152699,32.640757],[-91.138712,32.649774],[-91.127723,32.665343],[-91.104443,32.682434],[-91.076061,32.693751],[-91.063946,32.702926],[-91.054749,32.719229],[-91.056999,32.72558],[-91.077176,32.732534],[-91.123152,32.742798],[-91.154461,32.742339],[-91.165328,32.751301],[-91.156918,32.780343],[-91.164397,32.785821],[-91.161669,32.812465],[-91.145002,32.84287],[-91.127886,32.855059],[-91.105631,32.858396],[-91.070602,32.888659],[-91.064449,32.901064],[-91.064804,32.926464],[-91.083084,32.947909],[-91.080355,32.962794],[-91.086802,32.976266],[-91.09693,32.986412],[-91.106581,32.988938],[-91.134414,32.980533],[-91.138585,32.971352],[-91.131243,32.960928],[-91.137863,32.952756],[-91.132115,32.923122],[-91.15169,32.901935],[-91.170235,32.899391],[-91.196785,32.906784],[-91.208263,32.915354],[-91.213972,32.927198],[-91.210705,32.939845],[-91.199415,32.952314],[-91.201842,32.961212],[-91.168973,32.992132],[-91.162363,33.019684],[-91.129088,33.033554],[-91.120379,33.05453],[-91.124639,33.064127],[-91.149823,33.081603],[-91.171514,33.087818],[-91.180836,33.098364],[-91.200167,33.10693],[-91.20178,33.125121],[-91.193174,33.136734],[-91.183662,33.141691],[-91.161651,33.141781],[-91.151853,33.131802],[-91.131659,33.129101],[-91.104317,33.131598],[-91.089862,33.139655],[-91.084366,33.180856],[-91.091711,33.220813],[-91.070697,33.227302],[-91.050407,33.251202],[-91.045191,33.265404],[-91.043624,33.274636],[-91.04815,33.282796],[-91.072567,33.285885],[-91.083694,33.278557],[-91.099093,33.238173],[-91.106142,33.241799],[-91.117223,33.260685],[-91.128078,33.268502],[-91.125539,33.280255],[-91.141615,33.299539],[-91.143667,33.328398],[-91.142219,33.348989],[-91.120409,33.363809],[-91.101456,33.38719],[-91.075293,33.405966],[-91.058152,33.428705],[-91.057621,33.445341],[-91.067623,33.455104],[-91.086498,33.451576],[-91.096723,33.437603],[-91.095211,33.417488],[-91.10717,33.399078],[-91.123623,33.387526],[-91.154017,33.378914],[-91.171968,33.38103],[-91.191127,33.389634],[-91.20922,33.40629],[-91.199354,33.418321],[-91.17628,33.416979],[-91.131885,33.430063],[-91.118495,33.449116],[-91.125109,33.472842],[-91.167403,33.498304],[-91.177148,33.48617],[-91.16936,33.452629],[-91.177293,33.443638],[-91.206807,33.433846],[-91.235181,33.438972],[-91.231661,33.4571],[-91.208535,33.468606],[-91.182901,33.502379],[-91.187367,33.510552],[-91.219297,33.532364],[-91.229834,33.547047],[-91.231418,33.560593],[-91.224121,33.567369],[-91.198285,33.572061],[-91.17822,33.582607],[-91.152148,33.582721],[-91.134043,33.594489],[-91.130445,33.606034],[-91.139209,33.625658],[-91.171168,33.647766],[-91.219048,33.661503],[-91.228228,33.671326],[-91.227857,33.683073],[-91.22057,33.692923],[-91.205377,33.700819],[-91.162464,33.70684],[-91.13045,33.674522],[-91.09404,33.658351],[-91.078507,33.658283],[-91.034565,33.673018],[-91.030402,33.687766],[-91.03612,33.689113],[-91.046778,33.706313],[-91.059891,33.714816],[-91.06829,33.716477],[-91.101101,33.705007],[-91.117733,33.705342],[-91.132338,33.714246],[-91.146618,33.732456],[-91.140756,33.759735],[-91.145112,33.76734],[-91.133854,33.782814],[-91.123466,33.782106],[-91.107318,33.770619],[-91.053886,33.778701],[-91.023285,33.762991],[-91.000106,33.769165],[-90.988466,33.78453],[-91.000107,33.799549],[-91.046849,33.815365],[-91.067511,33.840443],[-91.073011,33.857449],[-91.070883,33.866714],[-91.026382,33.90798],[-91.010318,33.929352],[-91.035961,33.943758],[-91.084095,33.956179],[-91.089787,33.966004],[-91.087921,33.975335],[-91.075378,33.983586],[-91.042751,33.986811],[-91.01889,34.003151],[-91.000108,33.966428],[-90.983359,33.960186],[-90.967632,33.963324],[-90.961548,33.979945],[-90.979945,34.000106],[-90.987948,34.019038],[-90.970726,34.02162],[-90.942662,34.01805],[-90.89242,34.02686],[-90.887413,34.032505],[-90.887837,34.055403],[-90.870528,34.080516],[-90.882628,34.096615],[-90.918395,34.093054],[-90.946323,34.109374],[-90.958467,34.125105],[-90.9543,34.138498],[-90.91001,34.165508],[-90.894385,34.160953],[-90.86458,34.140555],[-90.847168,34.136884],[-90.825708,34.142011],[-90.810884,34.155903],[-90.808685,34.175878],[-90.816572,34.183023],[-90.8556,34.18688],[-90.887884,34.18198],[-90.916048,34.196916],[-90.93522,34.21905],[-90.937152,34.23411],[-90.929015,34.244541],[-90.907082,34.244492],[-90.89456,34.22438],[-90.87912,34.21545],[-90.847808,34.20653],[-90.840009,34.223077],[-90.836972,34.250104],[-90.828267,34.27365],[-90.802928,34.282465],[-90.765165,34.280524],[-90.743082,34.302257],[-90.74061,34.313469],[-90.744713,34.324872],[-90.767108,34.345264],[-90.767061,34.360271],[-90.762085,34.364754],[-90.750107,34.367919],[-90.712088,34.363805],[-90.683222,34.368817],[-90.68162,34.35291],[-90.691551,34.338618],[-90.693129,34.32257],[-90.686003,34.315771],[-90.669343,34.31302],[-90.661395,34.315398],[-90.657488,34.322231],[-90.666862,34.348569],[-90.666788,34.35582],[-90.655346,34.371846],[-90.658542,34.375705],[-90.613944,34.390723],[-90.571145,34.420319],[-90.566505,34.429528],[-90.56733,34.440383],[-90.585477,34.461247],[-90.588942,34.491097],[-90.578493,34.516296],[-90.545728,34.53775],[-90.540736,34.548085],[-90.545891,34.563257],[-90.570133,34.587457],[-90.587224,34.615732],[-90.58344,34.641389],[-90.588536,34.668646],[-90.567334,34.693371],[-90.552317,34.697087],[-90.540074,34.684981],[-90.538061,34.673232],[-90.552642,34.659707],[-90.554129,34.640871],[-90.543696,34.629559],[-90.524481,34.628504],[-90.479718,34.659934],[-90.466041,34.674312],[-90.462552,34.687576],[-90.475194,34.700826],[-90.538974,34.698783],[-90.565646,34.721053],[-90.565437,34.736536],[-90.547606,34.744367],[-90.542695,34.752626],[-90.547612,34.784589],[-90.53651,34.798572],[-90.514706,34.801768],[-90.500994,34.771187],[-90.520556,34.753388],[-90.521004,34.738612],[-90.514735,34.729656],[-90.488865,34.723731],[-90.469897,34.72703],[-90.454968,34.735557],[-90.453038,34.753352],[-90.47459,34.7932],[-90.456935,34.823383],[-90.481955,34.857805],[-90.485038,34.869252],[-90.479872,34.883264],[-90.466154,34.890989],[-90.453916,34.891122],[-90.438313,34.884581],[-90.42898,34.867168],[-90.431741,34.855051],[-90.428754,34.8414],[-90.423879,34.834606],[-90.414864,34.831846],[-90.34038,34.860357],[-90.323067,34.846391],[-90.307384,34.846195],[-90.303698,34.859704],[-90.313476,34.871698],[-90.250095,34.90732],[-90.244725,34.921031],[-90.244476,34.937596],[-90.253969,34.954988],[-90.296422,34.976346],[-90.309297,34.995694]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mississippi\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey
MS 511
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"Volcanic unrest and eruptions are associated with surface deformation and landscape change that can be detected, characterized, and tracked via remote sensing measurements. Subsurface processes, including magma accumulation, withdrawal, and transport, can cause displacements at the surface that are best tracked at subaerial volcanoes with interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements, although non-volcanic activity, like hydrothermal and tectonic sources, can complicate interpretations. Surface change is often associated with the emplacement of volcanic deposits, which modify the landscape and can experience post-emplacement deformation or morphological changes over time. Measurement of surface topography at volcanoes via remote means is a particularly important capability, given the control that topography exerts on many volcanic hazards and the potential for topographic change measurements to provide information about eruption rates. A much broader set of tools is available to investigate surface change at volcanoes, including not only InSAR and GNSS, but also synthetic aperture radar amplitude data, visible imagery, and lidar, acquired from airborne, ground-based, and satellite platforms. These data can also be used to identify instability of volcanic flanks and even have potential for use in detecting airborne ash plumes. Although hidden from traditional airborne and space-based remote sensing, deformation and surface change associated with submarine volcanism can be investigated with pressure sensors and bathymetric measurements—the below-water remote sensing analogs of GNSS and InSAR, respectively.
Des Moines Water Works (DMWW) is a regional municipal water utility that provides residential and commercial water resources to about 600,000 customers in Des Moines, Iowa, and surrounding municipalities in central Iowa. DMWW has identified a need for increased water supply and is exploring the potential for expanding groundwater production capabilities in the Des Moines River alluvial aquifer, where it operates two radial collector wells (RCWs). The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with DMWW, completed a study of the Des Moines River alluvial aquifer and interactions of the RCWs with the aquifer; no previously published model has included the existing well locations, which is the focus of this model. A conceptual and numerical groundwater flow model have been developed to characterize the Des Moines River alluvial aquifer under existing conditions, to simulate water levels observed in the RCWs, and to provide publicly accessible hydrologic data and research that advance understanding of the regional hydrologic system and can potentially be used in the future to evaluate groundwater production scenarios. Model performance was assessed by comparing observed and simulated groundwater levels that included water level elevations, water level changes, water level inequality observations, surface water streamflow, and change in surface water volume from upstream to downstream. Water table elevation in the aquifer layers is on average slightly overestimated with average absolute value error less than 1.5 meters at both RCWs and less than 2.5 meters for all observation wells in the alluvial aquifer layers. The model also accurately simulated water tables greater than the RCW design minimum (a water level threshold at which RCW pumping is reduced) in all timesteps for which water level observation data existed. Water table elevation error was higher in other model layers that were not the focus of the study, and the model did not accurately match streamflow targets.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245059","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Des Moines Water Works","usgsCitation":"Bristow, E.L., and Davis, K.W., 2024, Groundwater flow model for the Des Moines River alluvial aquifer near Des Moines, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5059, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245059.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 47 p.; 3 Data Releases; 1 Dataset","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-154246","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430905,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5059/sir20245059.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2024–5059"},{"id":430904,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5059/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":430906,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5059/sir20245059.XML"},{"id":430907,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5059/images/"},{"id":430908,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20245059/full"},{"id":430909,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":430910,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13ZDDVY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW 6 groundwater flow model for the Des Moines River alluvial aquifer near Des Moines, Iowa"},{"id":430911,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9B9AVKJ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geophysical data collected in the Des Moines River, Beaver Creek, and the Des Moines River floodplain, Des Moines, Iowa, 2018"},{"id":430912,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9F3CKLC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model used to simulate groundwater levels in the Des Moines River alluvial aquifer near Des Moines, Iowa"},{"id":499480,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117123.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"Des Moines","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.75578446475713,\n 41.70743368403336\n ],\n [\n -93.75578446475713,\n 41.53433869670215\n ],\n [\n -93.54349781702975,\n 41.53433869670215\n ],\n [\n -93.54349781702975,\n 41.70743368403336\n ],\n [\n -93.75578446475713,\n 41.70743368403336\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
400 South Clinton Street, Suite 269
Iowa City, IA 52240
Emerging infectious diseases with zoonotic potential often have complex socioecological dynamics and limited ecological data, requiring integration of epidemiological modeling with surveillance. Although our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 has advanced considerably since its detection in late 2019, the factors influencing its introduction and transmission in wildlife hosts, particularly white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), remain poorly understood. We use a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible epidemiological model to investigate the spillover risk and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in wild and captive white-tailed deer populations across various simulated scenarios. We found that captive scenarios pose a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 introduction from humans into deer herds and subsequent transmission among deer, compared to wild herds. However, even in wild herds, the transmission risk is often substantial enough to sustain infections. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the strength of introduction from humans influences outbreak characteristics only to a certain extent. Transmission among deer was frequently sufficient for widespread outbreaks in deer populations, regardless of the initial level of introduction. We also explore the potential for fence line interactions between captive and wild deer to elevate outbreak metrics in wild herds that have the lowest risk of introduction and sustained transmission. Our results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 could be introduced and maintained in deer herds across a range of circumstances based on testing a range of introduction and transmission risks in various captive and wild scenarios. Our approach and findings will aid One Health strategies that mitigate persistent SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in white-tailed deer populations and potential spillback to humans.
Background: The geographic expansion and evolution of A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996(H5N1) (Gs/GD) lineage H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses since 1996 have raised awareness of enzootic circulation among migratory birds and the potential for intercontinental transport and spread. Recent Pacific- and Atlantic-route introductions of HPAI to North America were facilitated by avian migration through subarctic zones, specifically Alaska and Iceland. This study aimed to identify recent historical patterns of exposure to HPAI viruses among birds within and migrating through both regions and evaluate how geographic, demographic, and taxonomic differences contribute to exposure risk at two intercontinental staging locations.
Methods: During 2010-2019, blood samples were obtained from captured wild migratory seabirds and waterfowl in Alaska and Iceland. All live birds were released following completion of sampling. Sampling date, species, sampling location, and age class was documented for each bird, and sex was documented when possible. Lentiviral pseudoviruses that express the influenza hemagglutinin surface glycoprotein for H5Nx HPAI and H5 low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) were constructed for use in serological assays to screen for and quantify titers of antibodies against the latter viruses. Data were analyzed to compare (a) categorical baseline ecological traits between Iceland and Alaska, and (b) ecological traits between birds identified to be seropositive and suggestive/seronegative/fully cross-reactive birds to H5Nx HPAI in Iceland and Alaska. Factors associated with seroreactivity to H5Nx HPAI and H5 LPAI were assessed.
Results:The seroprevalence of HPAI among birds in both locations was 7.3% (112/1526). Findings reveal variability in seroprevalence by year, higher rates of exposure to H5 LPAI than H5Nx HPAI overall, and significantly more seropositive and suggestive exposure of birds to H5Nx HPAI in Alaska as compared to Iceland. Geographic, demographic, and taxonomic differences contribute to exposure risk between Alaska and Iceland. Most tested birds were immuno-naïve to HPAI in both locations, which indicates many migratory birds in the subarctic are susceptible to HPAI infection, demonstrating substantial risk for intercontinental transmission between Asia, Europe, and North America.
Conclusions: Our findings provide further justification for increased viral and serosurveillance in Alaska and Iceland to monitor subarctic movements of migratory birds and intercontinental transmission dynamics of currently circulating and new strains of HPAI globally.
","language":"English","publisher":"Research Square","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4233804/v2","usgsCitation":"Gass, J.D., Dusek, R.J., Hill, N.J., Borkenhagen, L., Hall, J.S., Hallgrimsson, G.T., Bishop, M., Ramey, A.M., Timothy J. Spivey, Vignisson, S.R., Ragnarsdottir, S.B., Halldorsson, H.P., Jonsson, J.E., Simulynas, A.D., Nutter, F.B., Puryear, W., and Runstadler, J.A., 2024, Sero-epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza viruses among wild birds in subarctic intercontinental transition zones: Research Square, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4233804/v2.","productDescription":"27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-165563","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4233804/v2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":431127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gass, Jonathon D.","contributorId":340193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gass","given":"Jonathon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":81502,"text":"Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":174374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":906520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, Nichola J.","contributorId":189563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hill","given":"Nichola","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":906521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borkenhagen, Laura","contributorId":292318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borkenhagen","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62870,"text":"Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hall, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5599-2826 jshall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-2826","contributorId":2254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":906523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor","contributorId":298374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallgrimsson","given":"Gunnar","email":"","middleInitial":"Thor","affiliations":[{"id":64545,"text":"Institute of Biology, University of Iceland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bishop, Mary Anne","contributorId":258847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Mary Anne","affiliations":[{"id":13600,"text":"Prince William Sound Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":906526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Timothy J. Spivey","contributorId":340194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Timothy J. Spivey","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Vignisson, Solvi Runar","contributorId":298376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vignisson","given":"Solvi","email":"","middleInitial":"Runar","affiliations":[{"id":64547,"text":"University of Iceland’s Research Centre in Suðurnes","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ragnarsdottir, Sunna Bjork","contributorId":298377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ragnarsdottir","given":"Sunna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bjork","affiliations":[{"id":40188,"text":"Icelandic Institute of Natural History","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Halldorsson, Halldor Palmar","contributorId":298375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halldorsson","given":"Halldor","email":"","middleInitial":"Palmar","affiliations":[{"id":64547,"text":"University of Iceland’s Research Centre in Suðurnes","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Jonsson, Jon Einar","contributorId":156367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jonsson","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"Einar","affiliations":[{"id":20328,"text":"University of Iceland, Snæfellsnes Research Centre, Stykkishólmur, Iceland 245.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Simulynas, Alexa D.","contributorId":340195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simulynas","given":"Alexa","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":81502,"text":"Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Nutter, Felicia B.","contributorId":8070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nutter","given":"Felicia","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6936,"text":"Tufts University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Puryear, Wendy B.","contributorId":292313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Puryear","given":"Wendy B.","affiliations":[{"id":62870,"text":"Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Runstadler, Jonathan A.","contributorId":24706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Runstadler","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":906535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70257502,"text":"70257502 - 2024 - Same streams in a different forest? Investigations of forest harvest legacies and future trajectories across 30 years of stream habitat monitoring on the Tongass National Forest, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-09T16:16:56.834676","indexId":"70257502","displayToPublicDate":"2024-07-10T09:07:06","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Same streams in a different forest? Investigations of forest harvest legacies and future trajectories across 30 years of stream habitat monitoring on the Tongass National Forest, Alaska","docAbstract":"The effects of timber harvest practices and climate change have altered forest ecosystems in southeast Alaska. However, quantification of patterns and trends in stream habitats associated with these forests is limited owing to a paucity of data available in remote watersheds. Here, we analyzed a 30-year dataset from southeast Alaska's Tongass National Forest to understand how these factors shape stream habitats. First, we examined differences between broad management classes (i.e., harvested and non-harvested) that have been used to guide stream channel restoration goals. Second, we assessed associations between intrinsic landscape characteristics, watershed management, and timber harvest legacies on aquatic habitat metrics. And third, we examined trends in stream habitat metrics over the duration of the dataset to anticipate future management challenges for these systems. Small effect sizes for some harvest-related predictors suggest that some stream habitat metrics, such as pool densities, are less responsive than others, and management practices such as protecting riparian buffers as well as post-harvest restoration may help conserve fish habitats. Large wood densities increased with time since harvest at sites harvested >50 years ago, indicating that multiple decades of post-harvest forest regrowth may contribute large wood to streams (possibly alder), but that it is not enough time for old-growth trees (e.g., spruce, Picea, or hemlock, Tsuga,), classified as key wood, to develop and be delivered to streams. The declining trend in key wood (i.e., the largest size class of wood) regardless of management history may reflect that pre-harvest legacy old-growth trees are declining along streams, with low replacement. The introduction of wood to maintain complex stream habitats may fill this gap until riparian stands again contribute structural key wood to streams. Trend analyses indicate an increasing spatial extent of undercut banks that may also be influenced by shifting hydrologic regimes under climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0301723","usgsCitation":"Moore, M.J., Flitcroft, R., Tucker, E., Prussian, K.K., and Claeson, S.M., 2024, Same streams in a different forest? Investigations of forest harvest legacies and future trajectories across 30 years of stream habitat monitoring on the Tongass National Forest, Alaska: PLoS ONE, v. 19, no. 7, e0301723, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301723.","productDescription":"e0301723, 28 p.","ipdsId":"IP-146418","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301723","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433632,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tongass National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.79598611853271,\n 35.785590501974994\n ],\n [\n -120.79598611853271,\n 35.758103908925094\n ],\n [\n -120.7544854283608,\n 35.758103908925094\n ],\n [\n -120.7544854283608,\n 35.785590501974994\n ],\n [\n -120.79598611853271,\n 35.785590501974994\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -136.02998750758678,\n 57.464783614185876\n ],\n [\n -136.02998750758678,\n 55.846134928392786\n ],\n [\n -133.47293766914498,\n 55.846134928392786\n ],\n [\n -133.47293766914498,\n 57.464783614185876\n ],\n [\n -136.02998750758678,\n 57.464783614185876\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Michael J. 0000-0002-5495-7049","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5495-7049","contributorId":304258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":910552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flitcroft, R.","contributorId":342974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flitcroft","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81962,"text":"Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, E.","contributorId":342975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81965,"text":"Tongass National Forest","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prussian, K. K.","contributorId":204860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prussian","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Claeson, S. M.","contributorId":342976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Claeson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":81962,"text":"Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70256048,"text":"70256048 - 2024 - Insufficient and biased representation of species geographic responses to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T11:56:56.822408","indexId":"70256048","displayToPublicDate":"2024-07-10T06:53:58","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insufficient and biased representation of species geographic responses to climate change","docAbstract":"The geographic redistributions of species due to a rapidly changing climate are poised to perturb ecological communities and significantly impact ecosystems and human livelihoods. Effectively managing these biological impacts requires a thorough understanding of the patterns and processes of species geographic range shifts. While substantial recent redistributions have been identified and recognized to vary by taxon, region, and range geometry, there are large gaps and biases in the available evidence. Here, we use the largest compilation of geographic range change observations to date, comprised of 33,016 potential redistributions across 12,009 species, to formally assess within- and cross-species coverage and biases and to motivate future data collection. We find that species coverage varies strongly by taxon and underrepresents species at high and low latitudes. Within species, assessments of potential redistributions came from parts of their geographic range that were highly uneven and non-representative. For most species and taxa, studies were strongly biased toward the colder parts of species' distributions and thus significantly underrepresented populations that might get pushed beyond their maximum temperature limits. Coverage of potential leading and trailing geographic range edges under a changing climate was similarly uneven. Only 8% of studied species were assessed at both high and low latitude and elevation range edges, with most only covered at one edge. This suggests that substantial within-species biases exacerbate the considerable geographic and taxonomic among-species unevenness in evidence. Our results open the door for a more quantitative accounting for existing knowledge biases in climate change ecology and a more informed management and conservation. Our findings offer guidance for future data collection that better addresses information gaps and provides a more effective foundation for managing the biological impacts of climate change.
Estimation of human water withdrawals is more important now than ever due to uncertain water supplies, population growth, and climate change. Fourteen percent of the total water withdrawal in the United States is used for public supply, typically including deliveries to domestic, commercial, and occasionally including industrial, irrigation, and thermoelectric water withdrawal. Stewards of water resources in the USA require estimates of water withdrawals to manage and plan for future demands and sustainable water supplies. This study compiled the most comprehensive conterminous United States water withdrawal data set to date and developed a machine learning framework for estimating public supply withdrawals and associated uncertainty for the period 2000–2020. The modeling approach provides service area resolution estimates to allow for annual and monthly water withdrawal estimation while incorporating a complex array of driving factors that include hydroclimatic, demographic, socioeconomic, geographic, and land use factors. Model results reveal highly variable and lognormally distributed per-capita water withdrawal, spanning from 30 to 650 gallons per capita per day (GPCD), across community, regional, and national scales, with pronounced seasonal variations. Analysis of estimated withdrawal trends indicates that the national annual average withdrawal experienced a decline at a rate of 0.58 GPCD/year during the period from 2000 to 2020. Model interpretation reveals a complex interplay between public supply withdrawal and key predictors, including population size, warm-season precipitation, counts of large buildings and houses, and areas of urban and commercial land use. The developed models can forecast future public supply driven by various climate, demographic, and socioeconomic scenarios.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2023WR036632","usgsCitation":"Alzraiee, A.H., Niswonger, R.G., Luukkonen, C., Larsen, J., Martin, D., Herbert, D.M., Buchwald, C.A., Dieter, C., Miller, L.D., Stewart, J.S., Houston, N., Paulinski, S., and Kristen Valseth, 2024, Next generation public supply water withdrawal estimation for the conterminous United States using machine learning and operational frameworks: Water Resources Research, v. 60, no. 7, e2023WR036632, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR036632.","productDescription":"e2023WR036632, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154316","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023wr036632","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n -94.32914,\n 48.67074\n ],\n [\n -93.63087,\n 48.60926\n ],\n [\n -92.61,\n 48.45\n ],\n [\n -91.64,\n 48.14\n ],\n [\n -90.83,\n 48.27\n ],\n [\n -89.6,\n 48.01\n ],\n [\n -89.27292,\n 48.01981\n ],\n [\n -88.37811,\n 48.30292\n ],\n [\n -87.43979,\n 47.94\n ],\n [\n -86.46199,\n 47.55334\n ],\n [\n -85.65236,\n 47.22022\n ],\n [\n -84.87608,\n 46.90008\n ],\n [\n -84.77924,\n 46.6371\n ],\n [\n -84.54375,\n 46.53868\n ],\n [\n -84.6049,\n 46.4396\n ],\n [\n -84.3367,\n 46.40877\n ],\n [\n -84.14212,\n 46.51223\n ],\n [\n -84.09185,\n 46.27542\n ],\n [\n -83.89077,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.61613,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.46955,\n 45.99469\n ],\n [\n -83.59285,\n 45.81689\n ],\n [\n -82.55092,\n 45.34752\n ],\n [\n -82.33776,\n 44.44\n ],\n [\n -82.13764,\n 43.57109\n ],\n [\n -82.43,\n 42.98\n ],\n [\n -82.9,\n 42.43\n ],\n [\n -83.12,\n 42.08\n ],\n [\n -83.142,\n 41.97568\n ],\n [\n -83.02981,\n 41.8328\n ],\n [\n -82.69009,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -82.43928,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -81.27775,\n 42.20903\n ],\n [\n -80.24745,\n 42.3662\n ],\n [\n -78.93936,\n 42.86361\n ],\n [\n -78.92,\n 42.965\n ],\n [\n -79.01,\n 43.27\n ],\n [\n -79.17167,\n 43.46634\n ],\n [\n -78.72028,\n 43.62509\n ],\n [\n -77.73789,\n 43.62906\n ],\n [\n -76.82003,\n 43.62878\n ],\n [\n -76.5,\n 44.01846\n ],\n [\n -76.375,\n 44.09631\n ],\n [\n -75.31821,\n 44.81645\n ],\n [\n -74.867,\n 45.00048\n ],\n [\n -73.34783,\n 45.00738\n ],\n [\n -71.50506,\n 45.0082\n ],\n [\n -71.405,\n 45.255\n ],\n [\n -71.08482,\n 45.30524\n ],\n [\n -70.66,\n 45.46\n ],\n [\n -70.305,\n 45.915\n ],\n [\n -69.99997,\n 46.69307\n ],\n [\n -69.23722,\n 47.44778\n ],\n [\n -68.905,\n 47.185\n ],\n [\n -68.23444,\n 47.35486\n ],\n [\n -67.79046,\n 47.06636\n ],\n [\n -67.79134,\n 45.70281\n ],\n [\n -67.13741,\n 45.13753\n ],\n [\n -66.96466,\n 44.8097\n ],\n [\n -68.03252,\n 44.3252\n ],\n [\n -69.06,\n 43.98\n ],\n [\n -70.11617,\n 43.68405\n ],\n [\n -70.64548,\n 43.09024\n ],\n [\n -70.81489,\n 42.8653\n ],\n [\n -70.825,\n 42.335\n ],\n [\n -70.495,\n 41.805\n ],\n [\n -70.08,\n 41.78\n ],\n [\n -70.185,\n 42.145\n ],\n [\n -69.88497,\n 41.92283\n ],\n [\n -69.96503,\n 41.63717\n ],\n [\n -70.64,\n 41.475\n ],\n [\n -71.12039,\n 41.49445\n ],\n [\n -71.86,\n 41.32\n ],\n [\n -72.295,\n 41.27\n ],\n [\n -72.87643,\n 41.22065\n ],\n [\n -73.71,\n 40.9311\n ],\n [\n -72.24126,\n 41.11948\n ],\n [\n -71.945,\n 40.93\n ],\n [\n -73.345,\n 40.63\n ],\n [\n -73.982,\n 40.628\n ],\n [\n -73.95232,\n 40.75075\n ],\n [\n -74.25671,\n 40.47351\n ],\n [\n -73.96244,\n 40.42763\n ],\n [\n -74.17838,\n 39.70926\n ],\n [\n -74.90604,\n 38.93954\n ],\n [\n -74.98041,\n 39.1964\n ],\n [\n -75.20002,\n 39.24845\n ],\n [\n -75.52805,\n 39.4985\n ],\n [\n -75.32,\n 38.96\n ],\n [\n -75.07183,\n 38.78203\n ],\n [\n -75.05673,\n 38.40412\n ],\n [\n -75.37747,\n 38.01551\n ],\n [\n -75.94023,\n 37.21689\n ],\n [\n -76.03127,\n 37.2566\n ],\n [\n -75.72205,\n 37.93705\n ],\n [\n -76.23287,\n 38.31921\n ],\n [\n -76.35,\n 39.15\n ],\n [\n -76.54272,\n 38.71762\n ],\n [\n -76.32933,\n 38.08326\n ],\n [\n -76.99,\n 38.23999\n ],\n [\n -76.30162,\n 37.91794\n ],\n [\n -76.25874,\n 36.9664\n ],\n [\n -75.9718,\n 36.89726\n ],\n [\n -75.86804,\n 36.55125\n ],\n [\n -75.72749,\n 35.55074\n ],\n [\n -76.36318,\n 34.80854\n ],\n [\n -77.39763,\n 34.51201\n ],\n [\n -78.05496,\n 33.92547\n ],\n [\n -78.55435,\n 33.86133\n ],\n [\n -79.06067,\n 33.49395\n ],\n [\n -79.20357,\n 33.15839\n ],\n [\n -80.30132,\n 32.50935\n ],\n [\n -80.86498,\n 32.0333\n ],\n [\n -81.33629,\n 31.44049\n ],\n [\n -81.49042,\n 30.72999\n ],\n [\n -81.31371,\n 30.03552\n ],\n [\n -80.98,\n 29.18\n ],\n [\n -80.53558,\n 28.47213\n ],\n [\n -80.53,\n 28.04\n ],\n [\n -80.05654,\n 26.88\n ],\n [\n -80.08801,\n 26.20576\n ],\n [\n -80.13156,\n 25.81677\n ],\n [\n -80.38103,\n 25.20616\n ],\n [\n -80.68,\n 25.08\n ],\n [\n -81.17213,\n 25.20126\n ],\n [\n -81.33,\n 25.64\n ],\n [\n -81.71,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -82.24,\n 26.73\n ],\n [\n -82.70515,\n 27.49504\n ],\n [\n -82.85526,\n 27.88624\n ],\n [\n -82.65,\n 28.55\n ],\n [\n -82.93,\n 29.1\n ],\n [\n -83.70959,\n 29.93656\n ],\n [\n -84.1,\n 30.09\n ],\n [\n -85.10882,\n 29.63615\n ],\n [\n -85.28784,\n 29.68612\n ],\n [\n -85.7731,\n 30.15261\n ],\n [\n -86.4,\n 30.4\n ],\n [\n -87.53036,\n 30.27433\n ],\n [\n -88.41782,\n 30.3849\n ],\n [\n -89.18049,\n 30.31598\n ],\n [\n -89.59383,\n 30.15999\n ],\n [\n -89.41373,\n 29.89419\n ],\n [\n -89.43,\n 29.48864\n ],\n [\n -89.21767,\n 29.29108\n ],\n [\n -89.40823,\n 29.15961\n ],\n [\n -89.77928,\n 29.30714\n ],\n [\n -90.15463,\n 29.11743\n ],\n [\n -90.88022,\n 29.14854\n ],\n [\n -91.62678,\n 29.677\n ],\n [\n -92.49906,\n 29.5523\n ],\n [\n -93.22637,\n 29.78375\n ],\n [\n -93.84842,\n 29.71363\n ],\n [\n -94.69,\n 29.48\n ],\n [\n -95.60026,\n 28.73863\n ],\n [\n -96.59404,\n 28.30748\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 27.83\n ],\n [\n -97.37,\n 27.38\n ],\n [\n -97.38,\n 26.69\n ],\n [\n -97.33,\n 26.21\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -97.53,\n 25.84\n ],\n [\n -98.24,\n 26.06\n ],\n [\n -99.02,\n 26.37\n ],\n [\n -99.3,\n 26.84\n ],\n [\n -99.52,\n 27.54\n ],\n [\n -100.11,\n 28.11\n ],\n [\n -100.45584,\n 28.69612\n ],\n [\n -100.9576,\n 29.38071\n ],\n [\n -101.6624,\n 29.7793\n ],\n [\n -102.48,\n 29.76\n ],\n [\n -103.11,\n 28.97\n ],\n [\n -103.94,\n 29.27\n ],\n [\n -104.45697,\n 29.57196\n ],\n [\n -104.70575,\n 30.12173\n ],\n [\n -105.03737,\n 30.64402\n ],\n [\n -105.63159,\n 31.08383\n ],\n [\n -106.1429,\n 31.39995\n ],\n [\n -106.50759,\n 31.75452\n ],\n [\n -108.24,\n 31.75485\n ],\n [\n -108.24194,\n 31.34222\n ],\n [\n -109.035,\n 31.34194\n ],\n [\n -111.02361,\n 31.33472\n ],\n [\n -113.30498,\n 32.03914\n ],\n [\n -114.815,\n 32.52528\n ],\n [\n -114.72139,\n 32.72083\n ],\n [\n -115.99135,\n 32.61239\n ],\n [\n -117.12776,\n 32.53534\n ],\n [\n -117.29594,\n 33.04622\n ],\n [\n -117.944,\n 33.62124\n ],\n [\n -118.4106,\n 33.74091\n ],\n [\n -118.51989,\n 34.02778\n ],\n [\n -119.081,\n 34.078\n ],\n [\n -119.43884,\n 34.34848\n ],\n [\n -120.36778,\n 34.44711\n ],\n [\n -120.62286,\n 34.60855\n ],\n [\n -120.74433,\n 35.15686\n ],\n [\n -121.71457,\n 36.16153\n ],\n [\n -122.54747,\n 37.55176\n ],\n [\n -122.51201,\n 37.78339\n ],\n [\n -122.95319,\n 38.11371\n ],\n [\n -123.7272,\n 38.95166\n ],\n [\n -123.86517,\n 39.76699\n ],\n [\n -124.39807,\n 40.3132\n ],\n [\n -124.17886,\n 41.14202\n ],\n [\n -124.2137,\n 41.99964\n ],\n [\n -124.53284,\n 42.76599\n ],\n [\n -124.14214,\n 43.70838\n ],\n [\n -124.02053,\n 44.6159\n ],\n [\n -123.89893,\n 45.52341\n ],\n [\n -124.07963,\n 46.86475\n ],\n [\n -124.39567,\n 47.72017\n ],\n [\n -124.68721,\n 48.18443\n ],\n [\n -124.5661,\n 48.37971\n ],\n [\n -123.12,\n 48.04\n ],\n [\n -122.58736,\n 47.096\n ],\n [\n -122.34,\n 47.36\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 48.18\n ],\n [\n -122.84,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -117.03121,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -116.04818,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -110.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -107.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104.04826,\n 48.99986\n ],\n [\n -100.65,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -97.22872,\n 49.0007\n ],\n [\n -95.15907,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -95.15609,\n 49.38425\n ],\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"United States\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alzraiee, Ayman H. 0000-0001-7576-3449","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-3449","contributorId":272120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alzraiee","given":"Ayman","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G. 0000-0001-6397-2403 rniswon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-2403","contributorId":197892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard","email":"rniswon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luukkonen, Carol L. 0000-0001-7056-8599","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-8599","contributorId":207254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"Carol L.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larsen, Joshua 0000-0002-1218-800X jlarsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1218-800X","contributorId":272403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Joshua","email":"jlarsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, Donald 0000-0001-5913-2372 domartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5913-2372","contributorId":4450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Donald","email":"domartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":912937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herbert, Deidre Mary 0000-0001-8707-3218","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8707-3218","contributorId":302591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"Deidre","email":"","middleInitial":"Mary","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Buchwald, Cheryl A. 0000-0001-8968-5023 cabuchwa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-5023","contributorId":1943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchwald","given":"Cheryl","email":"cabuchwa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dieter, Cheryl A. 0000-0002-5786-4091","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5786-4091","contributorId":220502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"Cheryl A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":912921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Miller, Lisa D. 0000-0002-3523-0768 ldmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0768","contributorId":1125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Lisa","email":"ldmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stewart, Jana S. 0000-0002-8121-1373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8121-1373","contributorId":211037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Jana","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Houston, Natalie 0000-0002-6071-4545","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":206533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Paulinski, Scott R. 0000-0001-6548-8164","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6548-8164","contributorId":204240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulinski","given":"Scott R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kristen Valseth","contributorId":344134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kristen Valseth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":912925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70255702,"text":"dr1195 - 2024 - Pesticide concentrations of surface water and suspended sediment in Yolo By-Pass and Cache Slough Complex, California, 2019–2021","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-27T17:31:25.509382","indexId":"dr1195","displayToPublicDate":"2024-07-09T07:40:19","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9318,"text":"Data Report","code":"DR","onlineIssn":"2771-9448","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1195","displayTitle":"Pesticide Concentrations of Surface Water and Suspended Sediment in Yolo By-Pass and Cache Slough Complex, California, 2019–2021","title":"Pesticide concentrations of surface water and suspended sediment in Yolo By-Pass and Cache Slough Complex, California, 2019–2021","docAbstract":"Managed flow pulses in the north Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta are an adaptive management tool used in efforts to enhance food availability in delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) habitat as part of the North Delta Food Subsidies Action. The California Department of Water Resources (DWR) monitors non-managed seasonal and local flow pulses and managed flow pulses from agricultural drainage or main stem Sacramento River water redirected through Yolo By-Pass. Augmented flow pulses are hypothesized to improve net positive flow during summer and fall in Yolo By-Pass and enhance plankton availability in delta smelt habitat in Cache Slough complex. However, flow pulses may also result in unintended negative effects of increased pesticides that are transported through Yolo By-Pass. Here, we evaluate pesticides in surface water and suspended sediment correlated with flow pulses in Yolo By-Pass during the 2019–21 calendar years.
Surface-water and suspended-sediment samples were collected by DWR personnel. Water samples were analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory in Sacramento, California, for a suite of as many as 178 current-use pesticides and pesticide degradates using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Suspended sediments filtered from water samples were analyzed for a suite of as many as 173 current-use pesticides and pesticide degradates.
There were 52 different current-use pesticides and pesticide degradates detected in water samples collected throughout the study. Concentrations ranged from below method detection limits to 4,070 nanograms per liter. Five different compounds in water samples were detected with concentrations above U.S. Environmental Protection Agency aquatic life benchmarks. In suspended-sediment samples collected throughout the study, eight different current-use pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected.
Total pesticide concentrations were highest at surface-water sites in the northern end of Yolo By-Pass and decreased farther downstream during the same sampling events. Total pesticide concentrations generally were higher for most surface-water sites immediately before or during the managed flow pulse in 2019 versus after the flow pulse. Finally, mean total pesticide concentrations for each surface-water site generally were higher during all of 2019 than 2021, regardless of sampling period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dr1195","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Uychutin, M., Orlando, J.L., Hladik, M.L., Sanders, C.J., Gross, M.S., De Parsia, M.D., LaBarbera, E.M., Twardochleb, L., and Davis, B.E., 2024, Pesticide concentrations of surface water and suspended sediment in Yolo By-Pass and Cache Slough Complex, California, 2019–2021: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1195, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1195.","productDescription":"v, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-139194","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499108,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117119.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":430682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1195/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":430683,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1195/dr1195.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":430684,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1195/dr1195.xml"},{"id":430686,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/dr1195/full"},{"id":430685,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1195/images/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yolo By-Pass and Cache Slough Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.916667,\n 38.8333\n ],\n [\n -121.916667,\n 38.1667\n ],\n [\n -121.33,\n 38.1667\n ],\n [\n -121.333,\n 38.8333\n ],\n [\n -121.916667,\n 38.8333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
An important symbolic and subsistence animal for many Native American Tribes, the moose (Alces alces; mos in Algonquin, Penobscot language) has been under consistent threat in the northeastern United States because of winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus) parasitism over the past several decades, causing declines in moose populations throughout the region. This decline has raised concern for Tribes and agencies that are invested in moose. Given this concern, it is increasingly important to effectively monitor and develop strategies to manage winter ticks to address consistent population declines of moose due to winter ticks. The Penobscot Nation developed a novel strategy to sample questing winter ticks (i.e., ticks that are actively seeking hosts) using a plot-based sampling protocol that may be suitable for heterogeneous habitats. We deployed this protocol in the northeastern United States in 2022 during the tick questing period (Sep–Dec) on Penobscot Nation sovereign trust lands, the White Mountain National Forest and Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge, and western-central Massachusetts, USA. We analyzed the data using occupancy and N-mixture models. Detection probability peaked during mid-October and tick occupancy and abundance were greatest at sites with intermediate understory vegetation height. The sampling protocol was successful at sampling ticks in Massachusetts, where abundances were expected to be low, indicating that it may be useful for studies planning to monitor winter tick distribution and abundance in areas with sub-optimal moose habitat and where winter tick abundance is expected to be low. This approach may also benefit managers or researchers intending to monitor many species of hard ticks, and where imperfect detection is expected.
This cooperative study between the City of Durham Public Works Department, Stormwater Division and U.S. Geological Survey evaluated whether alternate monitoring strategies that incorporated samples collected across an increased range of streamflows would improve nutrient load estimates for Ellerbe and Sandy Creeks, two small, highly urbanized streams in the City of Durham, North Carolina. Water-quality and streamflow data collected between January 2009 and December 2020 were used to develop instream nutrient-load models using the U.S. Geological Survey R-LOADEST program. This study compared model results from two sampling scenarios: routine monthly (fixed frequency) sampling combined with targeted high-streamflow sampling (scenario A), and fixed frequency sampling only (scenario B).
Calibration diagnostic results were used to select the final, or most optimal, models. Most final models included seasonality terms to compensate for intra-annual variability in the data. Storm-runoff samples provided better definition at higher streamflows and improved the overall concentration versus flow relations for all constituents, except nitrate + nitrite. Uncertainties in the nutrient load estimates were lower and less variable for the scenario A tests compared to the scenario B tests.
Five time steps representing 12-, 9-, 7-, 6-, and 5-year subsets of the overall dataset were used to examine the effect of prediction period length on the computed loads and uncertainties. In focusing on the scenario A results, nutrient loads tended to be higher for the shorter time steps. These shorter time steps also produced higher errors, or uncertainty, in the load estimates compared to longer time steps. Evaluations of annual nutrient loads during 2016–20 indicated that the most consistent load estimates and tightest confidence intervals were obtained for longer 12- and 9-year time steps. Estimated loads were more variable and uncertain when based on the shorter 6- and 5-year time steps. The degree of uncertainty (standard error of prediction) in the nutrient load estimation results was influenced by sampling approach, calibration time step, and hydrologic characteristics during the model period of interest.
Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive, suite 500
Norcross, GA 30093
Contact Us- USGS Publications Warehouse
","tableOfContents":"Machine learning (ML) models are increasingly popular in environmental and hydrologic modeling, but they typically contain uncertainties resulting from noisy data (erroneous or outlier data). This paper presents a novel probabilistic approach that combines ML and Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation to (1) detect and underweight likely noisy data, (2) develop an approach capable of detecting noisy data during model deployment, and (3) interpret the reasons why a data point is deemed noisy to help heuristically distinguish between outliers and erroneous data. The new algorithm recognizes that there is no unique way to split the training data into noisy and clean data, and thus produces an ensemble of plausible splits. The algorithm successfully detected noisy data in synthetic benchmark problems with varying complexity and a real-world public supply water withdrawal dataset. The algorithm is generic and flexible, making it suitable for application across a broad range of hydrologic and environmental disciplines.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106133","usgsCitation":"Alzraiee, A.H., and Niswonger, R.G., 2024, A probabilistic approach to training machine learning models using noisy data: Environmental Modelling & Software, v. 179, 106133, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106133.","productDescription":"106133, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-151600","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106133","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"179","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alzraiee, Ayman H. 0000-0001-7576-3449","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-3449","contributorId":272120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alzraiee","given":"Ayman","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G. 0000-0001-6397-2403 rniswon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-2403","contributorId":197892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard","email":"rniswon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70259730,"text":"70259730 - 2024 - Understanding key mineral supply chain dynamics using economics-informed material flow analysis and Bayesian optimization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-22T11:54:57.460967","indexId":"70259730","displayToPublicDate":"2024-07-08T06:53:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2351,"text":"Journal of Industrial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding key mineral supply chain dynamics using economics-informed material flow analysis and Bayesian optimization","docAbstract":"The low-carbon energy transition requires significant increases in production for many mineral commodities. Understanding demand, technological requirements, and prices associated with this production increase requires understanding the supply chain dynamics of many minerals simultaneously, and via a consistent framework. A generalized economics-informed material flow method, global materials modeling using Bayesian optimization, captures the market dynamics of key mineral commodities. The method relies only on a limited set of widely available historical data as input, enabling quantification of economic relationships (elasticities) for supply chain components where data are sparse, and relationships cannot be obtained via traditional statistical approaches. Building upon established material flow analysis (MFA) and economic modeling techniques, Bayesian optimization was applied to fit an economics-informed MFA model to global historical demand, supply, and price for aluminum, copper, gold, lead, nickel, silver, iron, tin, and zinc. This approach enables estimates for the evolution of ore grades, mine costs, refining charges, sector-specific demand, and scrap collection for each commodity. Economic relationships were quantified and compared with a database compiled from the literature, including 1333 values from 213 analyses across 65 publications. Discrepancies in methods and limited coverage make use of these parameters in modeling efforts difficult. This work provides a single, homogeneous, probabilistic approach to identifying economic relationships across mineral supply chains, with uncertainty quantification, a literature database for comparison, and a modeling framework in which to use them. This article met the requirements for a Gold-Gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jiec.13517","usgsCitation":"Ryter, J.W., Bhuwalka, K., O’Rourke, M., Montanelli, L., Cohen-Tanugi, D., Roth, R., and Olivetti, E., 2024, Understanding key mineral supply chain dynamics using economics-informed material flow analysis and Bayesian optimization: Journal of Industrial Ecology, v. 28, no. 4, p. 709-726, https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13517.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"709","endPage":"726","ipdsId":"IP-157688","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13517","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":463085,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryter, John W. 0000-0002-0343-7553","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-7553","contributorId":345416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryter","given":"John","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":916487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bhuwalka, Karan 0000-0002-1963-6717","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1963-6717","contributorId":345417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bhuwalka","given":"Karan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Rourke, Michelena","contributorId":345418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Rourke","given":"Michelena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39516,"text":"University of Notre Dame","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Montanelli, Luca 0000-0002-7784-7627","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7784-7627","contributorId":345419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montanelli","given":"Luca","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cohen-Tanugi, David 0000-0003-2488-4819","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2488-4819","contributorId":345420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cohen-Tanugi","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roth, Richard","contributorId":257597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roth","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":52064,"text":"Materials Systems Lab, MIT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Olivetti, Elsa 0009-0005-4190-8319","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4190-8319","contributorId":345421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olivetti","given":"Elsa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70261225,"text":"70261225 - 2024 - Controls on stable methane isotope signatures in northern peatlands and potential shifts in signatures under permafrost thaw scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-02T16:04:23.669174","indexId":"70261225","displayToPublicDate":"2024-07-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on stable methane isotope signatures in northern peatlands and potential shifts in signatures under permafrost thaw scenarios","docAbstract":"Northern peatlands are a globally significant source of methane (CH4), and emissions are projected to increase due to warming and permafrost loss. Understanding the microbial mechanisms behind patterns in CH4 production in these systems will be key to predicting annual emissions changes, with stable carbon isotopes (δ13C-CH4) being a powerful tool for characterizing these drivers. Given that δ13C signatures of CH4 are used in top-down atmospheric inversion models to partition sources, our ability to model CH4 production pathways and associated δ13C-CH4 signatures in peatland types impacted by a changing climate is critical. We sought to characterize the role of environmental conditions, including both hydrologic and vegetation patterns associated with permafrost thaw, on δ13C-CH4 signatures from a diverse set of high-latitude peatlands. We measured porewater and emitted CH4 stable isotopes, pH, and vegetation composition from five boreal-Arctic peatlands. Porewater δ13C-CH4 was strongly associated with peatland type, with δ13C enriched values obtained from more minerotrophic fens (-61.2 ± 9.1‰) compared to permafrost-free bogs (-74.1 ± 9.4‰) and raised permafrost bogs (-81.6 ± 11.5‰). Variation in porewater δ13C-CH4 was best explained by sedge cover, CH4 concentration, and the interactive effect of peatland type and pH (r2 = 0.50, p < 0.001). Emitted δ13C-CH4 varied greatly but was positively correlated with porewater δ13C-CH4, suggesting that porewater data can be used to predict changing emissions signatures from these systems. We calculated a weighted mean mixed atmospheric CH4 signature for northern peatlands of -65.3 ± 7‰ and show that this signature is more sensitive to landscape drying (4 to 10 % depletion in δ13C) than wetting (1.5 to 5% enrichment in δ13C) under permafrost thaw scenarios. Our results suggest northern peatland δ13C-CH4 signatures are likely to shift in the future which has important implications for source partitioning in atmospheric inversion models.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2023JG007837","usgsCitation":"Kuhn, M.A., Varner, R.K., McCalley, C.K., Perryman, C.R., Aurela, M., Burke, S.A., Chanton, J., Crill, P., DelGreco, J., Deng, J., Heffernan, L., Herrick, C., Hodgkins, S.B., Jones, C.P., Juutinen, S., Kane, E., Lamit, L.J., Larmola, T., Lilleskov, E., Olefeldt, D., Palace, M.W., Rich, V.I., Schulze, C., Shorter, J.H., Sullivan, F., Sonnentag, O., Turetsky, M., and Waldrop, M., 2024, Controls on stable methane isotope signatures in northern peatlands and potential shifts in signatures under permafrost thaw scenarios: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 129, no. 7, e2023JG007837, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JG007837.","productDescription":"e2023JG007837, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-162425","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466987,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023jg007837","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":464632,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Finland, Sweden, United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-63.6645,46.55001],[-62.01208,46.44314],[-62.50391,46.03339],[-62.87433,45.96818],[-64.1428,46.39265],[-64.39261,46.72747],[-64.01486,47.03601],[-63.6645,46.55001]]],[[[-61.8063,49.10506],[-63.58926,49.40069],[-64.51912,49.87304],[-64.17322,49.95718],[-62.85829,49.70641],[-61.83559,49.28855],[-61.8063,49.10506]]],[[[-123.51,48.51001],[-124.01289,48.37085],[-125.65501,48.825],[-125.95499,49.18],[-126.85,49.53],[-127.02999,49.815],[-128.05934,49.99496],[-128.44458,50.53914],[-128.35841,50.77065],[-125.75501,50.29502],[-124.92077,49.47527],[-123.92251,49.06248],[-123.51,48.51001]]],[[[-56.13404,50.68701],[-56.79588,49.81231],[-56.14311,50.15012],[-55.47149,49.93582],[-55.8224,49.58713],[-54.93514,49.31301],[-54.47378,49.55669],[-53.47655,49.24914],[-53.78601,48.51678],[-53.08613,48.6878],[-52.6481,47.53555],[-53.06916,46.6555],[-54.17894,46.80707],[-53.96187,47.62521],[-54.24048,47.75228],[-55.40077,46.88499],[-55.99748,46.91972],[-55.29122,47.38956],[-56.2508,47.63255],[-59.26602,47.60335],[-59.41949,47.89945],[-58.79659,48.25153],[-59.23162,48.52319],[-58.3918,49.12558],[-57.35869,50.71827],[-56.73865,51.28744],[-55.87098,51.63209],[-55.40697,51.58827],[-56.13404,50.68701]]],[[[-133.18,54.16998],[-132.71001,54.04001],[-131.74999,54.12],[-132.04948,52.98462],[-131.17904,52.18043],[-131.57783,52.18237],[-133.05461,53.41147],[-133.23966,53.85108],[-133.18,54.16998]]],[[[-79.26582,62.15868],[-79.65752,61.63308],[-80.09956,61.7181],[-80.36215,62.01649],[-79.92939,62.3856],[-79.52002,62.36371],[-79.26582,62.15868]]],[[[-81.89825,62.7108],[-83.06857,62.15922],[-83.77462,62.18231],[-83.99367,62.4528],[-83.25048,62.91409],[-81.87699,62.90458],[-81.89825,62.7108]]],[[[-85.16131,65.65728],[-84.97576,65.21752],[-84.46401,65.37177],[-81.64201,64.45514],[-81.55344,63.97961],[-80.81736,64.05749],[-80.10345,63.72598],[-80.99102,63.41125],[-82.54718,63.65172],[-83.1088,64.10188],[-85.5234,63.05238],[-85.86677,63.63725],[-87.22198,63.54124],[-86.35276,64.03583],[-85.88385,65.73878],[-85.16131,65.65728]]],[[[-75.86588,67.14886],[-76.98687,67.09873],[-77.2364,67.58809],[-76.81166,68.14856],[-75.89521,68.28721],[-75.1145,68.01036],[-75.21597,67.44425],[-75.86588,67.14886]]],[[[-95.64768,69.10769],[-96.26952,68.75704],[-97.6174,69.06003],[-98.4318,68.9507],[-99.7974,69.40003],[-98.21826,70.14354],[-96.5574,69.68003],[-95.64768,69.10769]]],[[[-90.5471,69.49766],[-90.55151,68.47499],[-89.21515,69.25873],[-88.01966,68.61508],[-88.31749,67.87338],[-87.35017,67.19872],[-86.30607,67.92146],[-85.57664,68.78456],[-85.52197,69.88211],[-82.62258,69.65826],[-81.28043,69.16202],[-81.2202,68.66567],[-81.96436,68.13253],[-81.25928,67.59716],[-81.38653,67.11078],[-83.34456,66.41154],[-84.73542,66.2573],[-85.76943,66.55833],[-86.0676,66.05625],[-87.32324,64.77563],[-88.48296,64.09897],[-89.91444,64.03273],[-90.70398,63.61017],[-90.77004,62.96021],[-91.93342,62.83508],[-93.15698,62.02469],[-94.24153,60.89865],[-94.62931,60.11021],[-94.6846,58.94882],[-93.21502,58.78212],[-92.29703,57.08709],[-90.89769,57.28468],[-89.03953,56.85172],[-88.03978,56.47162],[-87.32421,55.99914],[-85.01181,55.3026],[-82.27285,55.14832],[-82.4362,54.28227],[-82.12502,53.27703],[-81.40075,52.15788],[-79.91289,51.20842],[-79.14301,51.53393],[-78.60191,52.56208],[-79.12421,54.14145],[-79.82958,54.66772],[-78.22874,55.13645],[-77.0956,55.83741],[-76.54137,56.53423],[-76.62319,57.20263],[-77.30226,58.05209],[-78.51688,58.80458],[-77.33676,59.85261],[-77.77272,60.75788],[-78.10687,62.31964],[-77.41067,62.55053],[-74.6682,62.18111],[-73.83988,62.4438],[-71.67708,61.52535],[-71.37369,61.13717],[-69.59042,61.06141],[-69.62033,60.22125],[-69.2879,58.95736],[-68.37455,58.80106],[-67.64976,58.21206],[-66.20178,58.76731],[-65.24517,59.87071],[-64.58352,60.33558],[-61.39655,56.96745],[-61.79866,56.33945],[-59.56962,55.20407],[-57.97508,54.94549],[-57.3332,54.6265],[-56.93689,53.78032],[-56.15811,53.64749],[-55.75632,53.27036],[-55.68338,52.14664],[-57.12691,51.41972],[-58.77482,51.0643],[-60.03309,50.24277],[-61.72366,50.08046],[-63.86251,50.29099],[-66.39905,50.22897],[-67.23631,49.51156],[-68.51114,49.06836],[-71.10458,46.82171],[-70.25522,46.98606],[-68.65,48.3],[-66.55243,49.1331],[-65.05626,49.23278],[-64.17099,48.74248],[-65.11545,48.07085],[-64.47219,46.23849],[-63.17329,45.73902],[-61.52072,45.88377],[-60.51815,47.00793],[-60.4486,46.28264],[-59.80287,45.9204],[-61.03988,45.26525],[-64.24656,44.26553],[-65.36406,43.54523],[-66.1234,43.61867],[-66.16173,44.46512],[-64.42549,45.29204],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.75485],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.84,49],[-125.62461,50.41656],[-127.43561,50.83061],[-127.99276,51.71583],[-127.85032,52.32961],[-129.12979,52.75538],[-129.30523,53.56159],[-130.51497,54.28757],[-130.53610881133997,54.802751030769095],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-139.12052,69.47102],[-137.54636,68.99002],[-136.50358,68.89804],[-135.62576,69.31512],[-134.41464,69.62743],[-132.92925,69.50534],[-131.43136,69.94451],[-129.79471,70.19369],[-129.10773,69.77927],[-128.36156,70.01286],[-128.13817,70.48384],[-127.44712,70.37721],[-125.75632,69.48058],[-124.42483,70.1584],[-124.28968,69.39969],[-123.06108,69.56372],[-122.6835,69.85553],[-121.47226,69.79778],[-119.94288,69.37786],[-117.60268,69.01128],[-116.22643,68.84151],[-115.2469,68.90591],[-113.89794,68.3989],[-115.30489,67.90261],[-113.49727,67.68815],[-110.798,67.80612],[-109.94619,67.98104],[-108.8802,67.38144],[-107.79239,67.88736],[-108.81299,68.31164],[-108.16721,68.65392],[-106.15,68.8],[-104.33791,68.018],[-103.22115,68.09775],[-101.45433,67.64689],[-98.4432,67.78165],[-98.5586,68.40394],[-97.66948,68.57864],[-96.11991,68.23939],[-96.12588,67.29338],[-95.48943,68.0907],[-94.685,68.06383],[-94.23282,69.06903],[-95.30408,69.68571],[-96.47131,70.08976],[-96.39115,71.19482],[-95.2088,71.92053],[-93.88997,71.76015],[-92.87818,71.31869],[-91.51964,70.19129],[-92.40692,69.69997],[-90.5471,69.49766]]],[[[-114.16717,73.12145],[-114.66634,72.65277],[-112.44102,72.9554],[-111.05039,72.4504],[-109.92035,72.96113],[-109.00654,72.63335],[-108.18835,71.65089],[-107.68599,72.06548],[-108.39639,73.08953],[-107.51645,73.23598],[-106.52259,73.07601],[-105.40246,72.67259],[-104.46476,70.99297],[-100.98078,70.02432],[-101.08929,69.58447],[-102.73116,69.50402],[-102.09329,69.11962],[-102.43024,68.75282],[-105.96,69.18],[-109,68.78],[-113.3132,68.53554],[-113.85496,69.00744],[-115.22,69.28],[-116.10794,69.16821],[-117.34,69.96],[-112.4161,70.36638],[-114.35,70.6],[-117.9048,70.54056],[-118.43238,70.9092],[-116.11311,71.30918],[-117.65568,71.2952],[-119.40199,71.55859],[-117.86642,72.70594],[-115.18909,73.31459],[-114.16717,73.12145]]],[[[-104.5,73.42],[-105.38,72.76],[-106.94,73.46],[-105.26,73.64],[-104.5,73.42]]],[[[-76.34,73.10268],[-76.2514,72.82639],[-78.39167,72.87666],[-79.48625,72.7422],[-80.8761,73.33318],[-80.83389,73.69318],[-80.35306,73.75972],[-78.06444,73.65193],[-76.34,73.10268]]],[[[-86.56218,73.15745],[-85.77437,72.53413],[-84.85011,73.34028],[-82.31559,73.75095],[-80.60009,72.71654],[-80.74894,72.06191],[-78.77064,72.35217],[-77.82462,72.74962],[-74.22862,71.76714],[-74.09914,71.33084],[-72.24223,71.55692],[-71.20002,70.92001],[-68.78605,70.52502],[-67.91497,70.12195],[-66.96903,69.18609],[-68.80512,68.7202],[-66.44987,68.06716],[-64.86231,67.84754],[-63.42493,66.92847],[-61.85198,66.86212],[-62.16318,66.16025],[-63.91844,64.99867],[-65.14886,65.42603],[-66.72122,66.38804],[-68.01502,66.26273],[-68.14129,65.68979],[-65.32017,64.38274],[-64.66941,63.39293],[-65.0138,62.67419],[-68.78319,63.74567],[-66.3283,62.28007],[-66.16557,61.9309],[-68.87737,62.33015],[-71.02344,62.91071],[-72.23538,63.39784],[-71.88628,63.67999],[-74.83442,64.67908],[-74.8185,64.38909],[-77.70998,64.22954],[-78.55595,64.57291],[-77.89728,65.30919],[-73.9598,65.45476],[-74.29388,65.81177],[-73.94491,66.31058],[-72.65117,67.28458],[-72.92606,67.72693],[-73.31162,68.06944],[-74.84331,68.55463],[-76.8691,68.89474],[-76.22865,69.14777],[-77.28737,69.76954],[-78.16863,69.82649],[-78.95724,70.16688],[-79.49246,69.87181],[-81.30547,69.74319],[-84.94471,69.96663],[-88.68171,70.41074],[-89.51342,70.76204],[-88.46772,71.21819],[-89.88815,71.22255],[-90.20516,72.23507],[-89.43658,73.12946],[-88.40824,73.53789],[-85.82615,73.80382],[-86.56218,73.15745]]],[[[-100.35642,73.84389],[-99.16387,73.63339],[-97.38,73.76],[-97.12,73.47],[-98.05359,72.99052],[-96.54,72.56],[-96.72,71.66],[-98.35966,71.27285],[-99.32286,71.35639],[-100.01482,71.73827],[-102.5,72.51],[-102.48,72.83],[-100.43836,72.70588],[-101.54,73.36],[-100.35642,73.84389]]],[[[-93.1963,72.77199],[-94.26905,72.0246],[-95.40986,72.06188],[-96.03375,72.94028],[-96.01827,73.43743],[-95.49579,73.86242],[-94.50366,74.13491],[-92.42001,74.10003],[-90.50979,73.85673],[-92.00397,72.96624],[-93.1963,72.77199]]],[[[-120.46,71.3836],[-123.09219,70.90164],[-123.62,71.34],[-125.92895,71.86869],[-123.94,73.68],[-124.91775,74.29275],[-121.53788,74.44893],[-120.10978,74.24135],[-117.55564,74.18577],[-115.51081,73.47519],[-119.22,72.52],[-120.46,71.82],[-120.46,71.3836]]],[[[-93.61276,74.98],[-94.15691,74.59235],[-95.60868,74.66686],[-96.82093,74.92762],[-96.28859,75.37783],[-94.85082,75.64722],[-93.97775,75.29649],[-93.61276,74.98]]],[[[-98.5,76.72],[-97.73558,76.25656],[-97.70441,75.74344],[-98.16,75],[-99.80874,74.89744],[-100.88366,75.05736],[-100.86292,75.64075],[-102.50209,75.5638],[-102.56552,76.3366],[-101.48973,76.30537],[-99.98349,76.64634],[-98.57699,76.58859],[-98.5,76.72]]],[[[-108.21141,76.20168],[-107.81943,75.84552],[-106.92893,76.01282],[-105.881,75.9694],[-105.70498,75.47951],[-106.31347,75.00527],[-109.7,74.85],[-112.22307,74.41696],[-113.74381,74.39427],[-113.87135,74.72029],[-111.79421,75.1625],[-116.31221,75.04343],[-117.7104,75.2222],[-116.34602,76.19903],[-115.40487,76.47887],[-112.59056,76.14134],[-110.81422,75.54919],[-109.0671,75.47321],[-110.49726,76.42982],[-109.5811,76.79417],[-108.54859,76.67832],[-108.21141,76.20168]]],[[[-94.68409,77.09788],[-93.57392,76.7763],[-91.60502,76.77852],[-90.74185,76.4496],[-90.96966,76.07401],[-89.18708,75.61017],[-86.37919,75.48242],[-84.78963,75.6992],[-81.12853,75.71398],[-80.05751,75.33685],[-79.83393,74.92313],[-80.45777,74.6573],[-81.94884,74.44246],[-83.22889,74.56403],[-88.15035,74.39231],[-89.76472,74.51556],[-92.42244,74.83776],[-92.88991,75.88266],[-93.89382,76.31924],[-95.96246,76.44138],[-97.12138,76.75108],[-96.74512,77.16139],[-94.68409,77.09788]]],[[[-116.19859,77.64529],[-116.33581,76.87696],[-117.10605,76.53003],[-121.5,75.90002],[-122.85492,76.11654],[-121.15754,76.86451],[-119.10394,77.51222],[-116.19859,77.64529]]],[[[-93.84,77.52],[-96.16965,77.55511],[-96.4363,77.83463],[-94.42258,77.82],[-93.72066,77.63433],[-93.84,77.52]]],[[[-110.18694,77.69701],[-112.05119,77.40923],[-113.53428,77.73221],[-112.72459,78.05105],[-111.26444,78.15296],[-109.85445,77.99632],[-110.18694,77.69701]]],[[[-109.66315,78.60197],[-110.88131,78.40692],[-112.54209,78.4079],[-112.52589,78.55055],[-111.50001,78.84999],[-109.66315,78.60197]]],[[[-95.83029,78.05694],[-97.30984,77.8506],[-98.12429,78.08286],[-98.55287,78.45811],[-98.63198,78.87193],[-96.7544,78.76581],[-95.55928,78.41831],[-95.83029,78.05694]]],[[[-100.06019,78.32475],[-99.67094,77.90754],[-101.30394,78.01898],[-102.94981,78.34323],[-105.17613,78.38033],[-104.21043,78.67742],[-105.41958,78.91834],[-105.49229,79.30159],[-100.82516,78.80046],[-100.06019,78.32475]]],[[[-87.02,79.66],[-85.81435,79.3369],[-87.18756,79.0393],[-89.03535,78.28723],[-90.80436,78.21533],[-92.87669,78.34333],[-93.95116,78.75099],[-93.93574,79.11373],[-93.14524,79.3801],[-94.974,79.37248],[-96.07614,79.70502],[-96.70972,80.15777],[-95.32345,80.90729],[-94.29843,80.97727],[-94.73542,81.20646],[-92.40984,81.25739],[-91.13289,80.72345],[-87.81,80.32],[-87.02,79.66]]],[[[-68.5,83.10632],[-63.68,82.9],[-61.85,82.6286],[-61.89388,82.36165],[-67.65755,81.50141],[-65.48031,81.50657],[-69.4697,80.61683],[-71.18,79.8],[-73.2428,79.63415],[-73.88,79.43016],[-76.90773,79.32309],[-75.52924,79.19766],[-76.22046,79.01907],[-75.39345,78.52581],[-77.88851,77.89991],[-78.36269,77.50859],[-79.75951,77.20968],[-79.61965,76.98336],[-77.91089,77.02205],[-77.88911,76.77796],[-80.56125,76.17812],[-83.17439,76.45403],[-86.11184,76.29901],[-89.49068,76.47239],[-89.6161,76.95213],[-87.76739,77.17833],[-88.26,77.9],[-87.65,77.97022],[-84.97634,77.53873],[-86.34,78.18],[-87.96192,78.37181],[-87.15198,78.75867],[-85.37868,78.9969],[-85.09495,79.34543],[-86.50734,79.73624],[-86.93179,80.25145],[-83.4087,80.1],[-81.84823,80.46442],[-87.59895,80.51627],[-89.36663,80.85569],[-90.2,81.26],[-91.36786,81.5531],[-91.58702,81.89429],[-86.97024,82.27961],[-85.5,82.65227],[-84.26,82.6],[-83.18,82.32],[-82.42,82.86],[-79.30664,83.13056],[-75.71878,83.06404],[-72.83153,83.23324],[-68.5,83.10632]]],[[[28.59193,69.06478],[28.44594,68.36461],[29.97743,67.6983],[29.05459,66.94429],[30.21765,65.80598],[29.54443,64.94867],[30.44468,64.20445],[30.03587,63.55281],[31.51609,62.86769],[31.13999,62.35769],[28.07,60.50352],[26.25517,60.42396],[22.86969,59.84637],[22.29076,60.39192],[21.32224,60.72017],[21.54487,61.70533],[21.05921,62.60739],[21.53603,63.18974],[22.44274,63.81781],[25.39807,65.11143],[25.29404,65.53435],[23.90338,66.00693],[22.18317,65.72374],[21.21352,65.02601],[21.36963,64.41359],[17.84778,62.7494],[17.11955,61.34117],[17.83135,60.63658],[18.78772,60.08191],[17.86922,58.95377],[16.82919,58.71983],[16.44771,57.04112],[15.87979,56.1043],[14.66668,56.20089],[14.10072,55.40778],[12.94291,55.36174],[12.6251,56.30708],[11.78794,57.44182],[11.02737,58.85615],[12.30037,60.11793],[12.63115,61.29357],[11.99206,61.80036],[11.93057,63.12832],[12.57994,64.06622],[13.57192,64.04911],[13.91991,64.44542],[13.55569,64.78703],[15.10841,66.19387],[16.76888,68.01394],[17.72918,68.01055],[17.99387,68.56739],[19.87856,68.40719],[20.02527,69.06514],[20.64559,69.10625],[21.24494,69.37044],[22.35624,68.84174],[23.66205,68.89125],[24.73568,68.64956],[25.68921,69.09211],[26.17962,69.8253],[27.73229,70.16419],[29.01557,69.76649],[28.59193,69.06478]]],[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Canada\"}}]}","volume":"129","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuhn, McKenzie A.","contributorId":333403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuhn","given":"McKenzie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":919944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varner, Ruth K.","contributorId":346749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varner","given":"Ruth","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12667,"text":"University of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCalley, Carmody K.","contributorId":346731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCalley","given":"Carmody","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":32390,"text":"Rochester Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perryman, Clarice R.","contributorId":346809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perryman","given":"Clarice","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":82971,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aurela, Mika","contributorId":346810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aurela","given":"Mika","affiliations":[{"id":82974,"text":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate System Research, 00560 Helsinki, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burke, Sophia A.","contributorId":346811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burke","given":"Sophia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":82971,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chanton, Jeffrey","contributorId":346812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chanton","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82975,"text":"Department of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Fl 32306","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Crill, Patrick","contributorId":346813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crill","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":25421,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"DelGreco, Jessica","contributorId":346814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DelGreco","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82976,"text":"Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Deng, Jia","contributorId":346815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deng","given":"Jia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82977,"text":"1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Heffernan, Liam","contributorId":346816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heffernan","given":"Liam","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82978,"text":"Evolutionary Biology Centre, Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Herrick, Christina","contributorId":346817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrick","given":"Christina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82976,"text":"Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Hodgkins, Suzanne B.","contributorId":346818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":18950,"text":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Jones, Cheristy P.","contributorId":346819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Cheristy","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":82971,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Juutinen, Sari","contributorId":346820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Juutinen","given":"Sari","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82974,"text":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate System Research, 00560 Helsinki, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Kane, Evan S.","contributorId":346821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kane","given":"Evan S.","affiliations":[{"id":82980,"text":"College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Houghton, MI 49931, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Lamit, Louis J.","contributorId":346822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamit","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82981,"text":"Department of Biology, Syracuse University, NY, 13244, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Larmola, Tuula","contributorId":346823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larmola","given":"Tuula","affiliations":[{"id":82982,"text":"Natural Resources Institute Finland, 00790 Helsinki, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Lilleskov, Erik","contributorId":346824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lilleskov","given":"Erik","affiliations":[{"id":82983,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Houghton, Michigan, 49931 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Olefeldt, David","contributorId":346825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olefeldt","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":82984,"text":"Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Palace, Michael W.","contributorId":346826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palace","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":82971,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Rich, Virginia I.","contributorId":346827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rich","given":"Virginia","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":18950,"text":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Schulze, Christopher","contributorId":346828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schulze","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82984,"text":"Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Shorter, Joanne H.","contributorId":346829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shorter","given":"Joanne","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":82985,"text":"Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA 02421","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Sullivan, Franklin","contributorId":346830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Franklin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82986,"text":"Département de géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Sonnentag, Oliver","contributorId":346831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sonnentag","given":"Oliver","affiliations":[{"id":82987,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. University of Colorado Boulder. Boulder CO 80309","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Turetsky, Merritt R.","contributorId":346832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turetsky","given":"Merritt R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":919970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Waldrop, Mark 0000-0003-1829-7140","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":216758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":919971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28}]}} ,{"id":70255868,"text":"70255868 - 2024 - Climate change vulnerability of Arctic char across Scandinavia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-09T11:52:23.159911","indexId":"70255868","displayToPublicDate":"2024-07-07T06:50:52","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change vulnerability of Arctic char across Scandinavia","docAbstract":"Climate change is anticipated to cause species to shift their ranges upward and poleward, yet space for tracking suitable habitat conditions may be limited for range-restricted species at the highest elevations and latitudes of the globe. Consequently, range-restricted species inhabiting Arctic freshwater ecosystems, where global warming is most pronounced, face the challenge of coping with changing abiotic and biotic conditions or risk extinction. Here, we use an extensive fish community and environmental dataset for 1762 lakes sampled across Scandinavia (mid-1990s) to evaluate the climate vulnerability of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), the world's most cold-adapted and northernly distributed freshwater fish. Machine learning models show that abiotic and biotic factors strongly predict the occurrence of Arctic char across the region with an overall accuracy of 89 percent. Arctic char is less likely to occur in lakes with warm summer temperatures, high dissolved organic carbon levels (i.e., browning), and presence of northern pike (Esox lucius). Importantly, climate warming impacts are moderated by habitat (i.e., lake area) and amplified by the presence of competitors and/or predators (i.e., northern pike). Climate warming projections under the RCP8.5 emission scenario indicate that 81% of extant populations are at high risk of extirpation by 2080. Highly vulnerable populations occur across their range, particularly near the southern range limit and at lower elevations, with potential refugia found in some mountainous and coastal regions. Our findings highlight that range shifts may give way to range contractions for this cold-water specialist, indicating the need for pro-active conservation and mitigation efforts to avoid the loss of Arctic freshwater biodiversity.