Groundwater quality data collection began in November 1979 at a spray-irrigation site near Tallahassee, Florida, before the initial application of secondary-treated municipal wastewater in November 1980. Effects of effluent irrigation on groundwater quality were evident about 1 year after spraying began and have continued to increase during the study period of 1983-85. Chloride and nitrate concentrations in groundwater have continued to increase since about 1 year after spraying began. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations have increased from 0.03 mg/L to as much as 11 mg/L in water from one well in the surficial aquifer and from 0.07 to 15 mg/L in one well in the Floridan aquifer system. The greatest increases in concentrations have occurred in water from wells that top the surficial and Floridan aquifers. Increase in concentration occurred in water from some wells in the Floridan outside and downgradient of pivots, indicating lateral movement within the Floridan. The increase in sodium concentrations has been similar to the in chloride concentrations. Increases increases in the concentrations of other inorganic constituents have been minor compared to increases in chloride, sodium and nitrate concentrations. Nine volatile organic halocarbon compounds were detected in 18 effluent samples. Low concentrations of two of these halocarbons--chloroform and trichloroethene (TCE)--were detected intermittently in water sampled from six wells. None of the organic compounds detected in effluent or groundwater exceeded Florida drinking water standards.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884092","usgsCitation":"Pruitt, J.B., Elder, J.F., and Johnson, I.K., 1988, Effects of treated municipal effluent irrigation on ground water beneath sprayfields, Tallahassee, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4092, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884092.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411379,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47010.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58074,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4092/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4092/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Tallahassee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.2111,\n 30.3967\n ],\n [\n -84.2111,\n 30.3467\n ],\n [\n -84.1767,\n 30.3467\n ],\n [\n -84.1767,\n 30.3967\n ],\n [\n -84.2111,\n 30.3967\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pruitt, J. B.","contributorId":56222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruitt","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elder, J. F.","contributorId":54143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, I. K.","contributorId":36176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":14950,"text":"ofr88495 - 1988 - Occurrence of pesticides, nitrate, volatile organic compounds, trace elements in ground water and streams, southeastern Missouri, 1986-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:48","indexId":"ofr88495","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-495","title":"Occurrence of pesticides, nitrate, volatile organic compounds, trace elements in ground water and streams, southeastern Missouri, 1986-87","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88495","usgsCitation":"Mesko, T.O., and Carlson, G.M., 1988, Occurrence of pesticides, nitrate, volatile organic compounds, trace elements in ground water and streams, southeastern Missouri, 1986-87: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-495, vi, 73 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88495.","productDescription":"vi, 73 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0495/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43766,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0495/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db692294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesko, Thomas O.","contributorId":81498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesko","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Gale M.","contributorId":91118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Gale","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27569,"text":"wri884015 - 1988 - Description and hydrogeologic evaluation of nine hazardous-waste sites in Kansas, 1984-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri884015","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4015","title":"Description and hydrogeologic evaluation of nine hazardous-waste sites in Kansas, 1984-86","docAbstract":"Wastes generated at nine hazardous-waste sites in Kansas were disposed in open pits, 55-gal drums, or large storage tanks. These disposal methods have the potential to contaminate groundwater beneath the sites, the soil on the sites, and nearby surface water bodies. Various activities on the nine sites included production of diborane, transformer oil waste, production of soda ash, use of solvents for the manufacture of farm implements, reclamation of solvents and paints, oil-refinery wastes, meat packaging, and the manufacture and cleaning of tanker-truck tanks. Monitoring wells were installed upgradient and downgradient from the potential contamination source on each site. Strict decontamination procedures were followed to prevent cross contamination between well installations. Air-quality surveys were made on each site before other investigative procedures started. Hydrogeologic investigative techniques, such as terrain geophysical surveys, gamma-ray logs, and laboratory permeameter tests, were used. Groundwater level measurements provide data to determine the direction of flow. Groundwater contamination detected under the sites posed the greatest threat to the environment because of possible migration of contaminants by groundwater flow. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace metals were detected in the groundwater at several of the sites. Many of the same compounds detected in the groundwater also were detected in soil and bed-material samples collected onsite or adjacent to the sites. Several contaminants were detected in background samples of groundwater and soil. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884015","usgsCitation":"Hart, R.J., and Spruill, T., 1988, Description and hydrogeologic evaluation of nine hazardous-waste sites in Kansas, 1984-86: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4015, vi, 73 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884015.","productDescription":"vi, 73 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4015/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56434,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4015/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66db7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, R. J.","contributorId":62607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spruill, T.B.","contributorId":76747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spruill","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3432,"text":"cir1007 - 1988 - Manmade organic compounds in the surface waters of the United States; a review of current understanding","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16037,"text":"ofr87209 - 1987 - Manmade organic compounds in the surface waters of the United States: a review of current understanding","indexId":"ofr87209","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Manmade organic compounds in the surface waters of the United States: a review of current understanding"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3432,"text":"cir1007 - 1988 - Manmade organic compounds in the surface waters of the United States; a review of current understanding","indexId":"cir1007","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Manmade organic compounds in the surface waters of the United States; a review of current understanding"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:33","indexId":"cir1007","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1007","title":"Manmade organic compounds in the surface waters of the United States; a review of current understanding","docAbstract":"This report reviews the occurrence and distribution of manmade organic compounds in the surface waters of the United States. On the basis of their aqueous solubilities, nonionic organic compounds partition themselves among water, dissolved organic matter, particulate organic matter, and the lipid reservoirs of aquatic organisms. Ionized organic compounds can be adsorbed to sediments, thereby reducing their aqueous concentrations. Transformation processes of photolysis, hydrolysis, biodegradation, and volatilization can attenuate organic compounds, and attenuation rates commonly follow a first-order kinetic process. \r\n\r\nEight groups of manmade organic compounds are discussed: \r\n\r\n1. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine insecticides, \r\n2. Carbamate and organophosphorus insecticides, \r\n3. Herbicides, \r\n4. Phenols, \r\n5. Halogenated aliphatic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, \r\n6. Phthalate esters, \r\n7. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and \r\n8. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. \r\n\r\nFor each compound group, data pertaining to use, production, and properties are presented and discussed. Processes that influence the environmental fate of each group, as determined primarily through laboratory studies, are reviewed, and important fate processes are identified. Environmental concentrations of compounds from each group in water, biota, and sediment are given to demonstrate representative values for comparison with concentrations determined during ongoing research. Finally, where data are sufficient, regional and temporal contamination trends in the United States are discussed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/cir1007","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., Witkowski, P., and Fusillo, T.V., 1988, Manmade organic compounds in the surface waters of the United States; a review of current understanding: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1007, viii, 92 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1007.","productDescription":"viii, 92 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1988/1007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30447,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1988/1007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ae88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, James A.","contributorId":68718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witkowski, P.J.","contributorId":87120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witkowski","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fusillo, Thomas V.","contributorId":106097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fusillo","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2567,"text":"wsp2318 - 1988 - Application of the two-film model to the volatilization of acetone and t-butyl alcohol from water as a function of temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"wsp2318","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2318","title":"Application of the two-film model to the volatilization of acetone and t-butyl alcohol from water as a function of temperature","docAbstract":"The two-film model is often used to describe the volatilization of organic substances from water. This model assumes uniformly mixed water and air phases separated by thin films of water and air in which mass transfer is by molecular diffusion. Mass-transfer coefficients for the films, commonly called film coefficients, are related through the Henry's law constant and the model equation to the overall mass-transfer coefficient for volatilization. The films are modeled as two resistances in series, resulting in additive resistances. \r\n\r\nThe two-film model and the concept of additivity of resistances were applied to experimental data for acetone and t-butyl alcohol. Overall mass-transfer coefficients for the volatilization of acetone and t-butyl alcohol from water were measured in the laboratory in a stirred constant-temperature bath. Measurements were completed for six water temperatures, each at three water mixing conditions. Wind-speed was constant at about 0.1 meter per second for all experiments. Oxygen absorption coefficients were measured simultaneously with the measurement of the acetone and t-butyl alcohol mass-transfer coefficients. Gas-film coefficients for acetone, t-butyl alcohol, and water were determined by measuring the volatilization fluxes of the pure substances over a range of temperatures. Henry's law constants were estimated from data from the literature. The combination of high resistance in the gas film for solutes with low values of the Henry's law constants has not been studied previously. \r\n\r\nCalculation of the liquid-film coefficients for acetone and t-butyl alcohol from measured overall mass-transfer and gas-film coefficients, estimated Henry's law constants, and the two-film model equation resulted in physically unrealistic, negative liquid-film coefficients for most of the experiments at the medium and high water mixing conditions. An analysis of the two-film model equation showed that when the percentage resistance in the gas film is large and the gas-film resistance approaches the overall resistance in value, the calculated liquid-film coefficient becomes extremely sensitive to errors in the Henry's law constant. The negative coefficients were attributed to this sensitivity and to errors in the estimated Henry's law constants. \r\n\r\nLiquid-film coefficients for the absorption of oxygen were correlated with the stirrer Reynolds number and the Schmidt number. Application of this correlation with the experimental conditions and a molecular-diffusion coefficient adjustment resulted in values of the liquid-film coefficients for both acetone and t-butyl alcohol within the range expected for all three mixing conditions. Comparison of Henry's law constants calculated from these film coefficients and the experimental data with the constants calculated from literature data showed that the differences were small relative to the errors reported in the literature as typical for the measurement or estimation of Henry's law constants for hydrophilic compounds such as ketones and alcohols. \r\n\r\nTemperature dependence of the mass-transfer coefficients was expressed in two forms. The first, based on thermodynamics, assumed the coefficients varied as the exponential of the reciprocal absolute temperature. The second empirical approach assumed the coefficients varied as the exponential of the absolute temperature. Both of these forms predicted the temperature dependence of the experimental mass-transfer coefficients with little error for most of the water temperature range likely to be found in streams and rivers. \r\n\r\nLiquid-film and gas-film coefficients for acetone and t-butyl alcohol were similar in value. However, depending on water mixing conditions, overall mass-transfer coefficients for acetone were from two to four times larger than the coefficients for t-butyl alcohol. This difference in behavior of the coefficients resulted because the Henry's law constant for acetone was about three times larger than that of ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2318","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., and Tai, D.Y., 1988, Application of the two-film model to the volatilization of acetone and t-butyl alcohol from water as a function of temperature: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2318, xii, 41 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2318.","productDescription":"xii, 41 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2318/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28836,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2318/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a8fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206938,"text":"70206938 - 1988 - Relationships between silicic plutonism and volcanism: Geochemical evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-29T19:43:40","indexId":"70206938","displayToPublicDate":"1988-12-31T19:35:43","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3642,"text":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships between silicic plutonism and volcanism: Geochemical evidence","docAbstract":"Field associations (voluminous ash flow deposits, rhyolitic stocks and dykes, ring complexes), evidence of repeated influxes of mafic magma, and thermal constraints indicate that many high-level silicic plutons (magma chambers) acted as open systems for considerable parts of their history. The long thermal lifetime, as well as other evidence from the volcanic record, suggests that some such systems reached a quasi-steady state in which magma input was balanced by magma output for times longer than those required for crystallisation. Reconstruction of the evolution of large, long-lived caldera-forming systems, such as that of the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, indicates that many chambers have lost a highly fractionated silicic cap, in some cases cyclically. Crystallised plutons may contain no obvious record of this evolutionary phase. Geochemical data from silicic ash flow deposits can be used to reconstruct the volcanic stage of pluton development. Many silicic systems, especially of alkaline affinity, apparently pass from a stage in which melt evolution is dominated by crystal-liquid processes to one in which other processes may also contribute to differentiation. Apparently, the transition is most readily achieved in volatile-rich, alkaline silicic systems emplaced in complex, ancient sialic crust of the cratons. Once established, the preservation of highly fractionated caps on magma chambers requires a balance between thermal input and cooling-induced crystallisation. If heat enters the system too quickly, the cap may get stirred into the dominant magma volume by convection. If heat input is too slow, the magma body will crystallise inward from the margins, and the plutonic-consolidation stage will begin. © 1988, Royal Society of Edinburgh. All rights reserved.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Edinburgh ","doi":"10.1017/S0263593300014267","issn":"02635933","usgsCitation":"Macdonald, R., and Smith, R., 1988, Relationships between silicic plutonism and volcanism: Geochemical evidence: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, v. 79 , no. 2-3, p. 257-263, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300014267.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"257","endPage":"263","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369768,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79 ","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macdonald, R.","contributorId":92402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macdonald","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R.L.","contributorId":47422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013668,"text":"70013668 - 1988 - Compositional evolution of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T13:23:57","indexId":"70013668","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional evolution of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"The climactic eruption of Mount Mazama has long been recognized as a classic example of rapid eruption of a substantial fraction of a zoned magma body. Increased knowledge of eruptive history and new chemical analyses of ∼350 wholerock and glass samples of the climactic ejecta, preclimactic rhyodacite flows and their inclusions, postcaldera lavas, and lavas of nearby monogenetic vents are used here to infer processes of chemical evolution of this late Pleistocene — Holocene magmatic system. The 6845±50 BP climactic eruption vented ∼50 km3of magma to form: (1) rhyodacite fall deposit; (2) welded rhyodacite ignimbrite; and (3) lithic breccia and zoned ignimbrite, these during collapse of Crater Lake caldera. Climactic ejecta were dominantly homogeneous rhyodacite (70.4±0.3% SiO2), followed by subordinate andesite and cumulate scoriae (48–61% SiO2). The gap in wholerock composition reflects mainly a step in crystal content because glass compositions are virtually continuous. Two types of scoriae are distinguished by different LREE, Rb, Th, and Zr, but principally by a twofold contrast in Sr content: High-Sr (HSr) and low-Sr (LSr) scoriae. HSr scoriae were erupted first. Trace element abundances indicate that HSr and LSr scoriae had different calcalkaline andesite parents; basalt was parental to some mafic cumulate scoriae. Parental magma compositions reconstructed from scoria wholerock and glass data are similar to those of inclusions in preclimactic rhyodacites and of aphyric lavas of nearby monogenetic vents.
Preclimactic rhyodacite flows and their magmatic inclusions give insight into evolution of the climactic chamber. Evolved rhyodacite flows containing LSr andesite inclusions were emplaced between ∼30000 and ∼25000 BP. At 7015±45 BP, the Llao Rock vent produced a zoned rhyodacite pumice fall, then rhyodacite lava with HSr andesite inclusions. The Cleetwood rhyodacite flow, emplaced immediately before the climactic eruption and compositionally identical to climactic rhyodacite (volatile-free), contains different HSr inclusions from Llao Rock. The change from LSr to HSr inclusions indicates replenishment of the chamber with andesite magma, perhaps several times, in the latest Pleistocene to early Holocene.
Modeling calculations and wholerock-glass relations suggest than: (1) magmas were derived mainly by crystallization differentiation of andesite liquid; (2) evolved preclimactic rhyodacite probably was derived from LSr andesite; (3) rhyodacites contain a minor component of partial melt from wall rocks, and (4) climactic and compositionally similar rhyodacites probably formed by mixing of evolved rhyodacite with HSr derivative liquid(s) after replenishment of the chamber with HSr andesite magma. Density considerations permit a model for growth and evolution of the chamber in which andesite recharge magma ponded repeatedly between cumulates and rhyodacite magma. Convective cooling of this andesite resulted in rapid crystallization and upward escape of buoyant derivative liquid which mixed with overlying, convecting rhyodacite. The evolved rhyodacites were erupted early in the chamber's history and(or) near its margins. Postcaldera andesite lavas may be hybrids composed of LSr cumulates mixed with remnant climactic rhyodacite. Younger postcaldera rhyodacite probably formed by fractionation of similar andesite and assimilation of partial melts of wallrocks.
Uniformity of climactic rhyodacite suggests homogeneous silicic ejecta from other volcanoes resulted from similar replenishment-driven convective mixing. Calcalkaline pluton compositions and their internal zonation can be interpreted in terms of the Mazama system frozen at various times in its history.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00402114","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C., and Druitt, T.H., 1988, Compositional evolution of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 98, no. 2, p. 224-256, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00402114.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204996,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402114"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Mount Mazama, Crater Lake","volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f937e4b0c8380cd4d4db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":366595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Druitt, T. H.","contributorId":60662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druitt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014304,"text":"70014304 - 1988 - Dipolar-dephasing 13C NMR studies of decomposed wood and coalified xylem tissue: Evidence for chemical structural changes associated with defunctionalization of lignin structural units during coalification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-16T00:54:55.97725","indexId":"70014304","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1506,"text":"Energy & Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dipolar-dephasing 13C NMR studies of decomposed wood and coalified xylem tissue: Evidence for chemical structural changes associated with defunctionalization of lignin structural units during coalification","docAbstract":"A series of decomposed and coalified gymnosperm woods was examined by conventional solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and by dipolar-dephasing NMR techniques. The results of these NMR studies for a histologically related series of samples provide clues as to the nature of codification reactions that lead to the defunctionalization of lignin-derived aromatic structures. These reactions sequentially involve the following: (1) loss of methoxyl carbons from guaiacyl structural units with replacement by hydroxyls and increased condensation; (2) loss of hydroxyls or aryl ethers with replacement by hydrogen as rank increases from lignin to high-volatile bituminous coal; (3) loss of alkyl groups with continued replacement by hydrogen. The dipolar-dephasing data show that the early stages of coalification in samples examined (lignin to lignite) involve a decreasing degree of protonation on aromatic rings and suggest that condensation is significant during coalification at this early stage. An increasing degree of protonation on aromatic rings is observed as the rank of the sample increases from lignite to anthracite.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ef00007a008","issn":"08870624","usgsCitation":"Hatcher, P.G., 1988, Dipolar-dephasing 13C NMR studies of decomposed wood and coalified xylem tissue: Evidence for chemical structural changes associated with defunctionalization of lignin structural units during coalification: Energy & Fuels, v. 2, no. 1, p. 48-58, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00007a008.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226213,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01a8e4b0c8380cd4fcc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014366,"text":"70014366 - 1988 - Mineral and whole-rock compositions of seawater-dominated hydrothermal alteration at the Arctic volcanogenic massive sulfide prospect, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T15:55:16.550761","indexId":"70014366","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral and whole-rock compositions of seawater-dominated hydrothermal alteration at the Arctic volcanogenic massive sulfide prospect, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Arctic volcanogenic massive sulfide prospect, located in the Ambler mineral district of northwestern Alaska, includes three types of hydrothermally altered rocks overlying, underlying, and interlayered with semimassive sulfide mineralization. Hydrothermal alteration of wall rocks and deposition of sulfide and gangue minerals were contemporaneous with Late Devonian or Early Mississippian basalt-rhyolite volcanism. Whole-rock analyses of altered rocks surrounding the prospect indicate that strong chemical gradients exist in major and minor oxides and volatiles. These were not homogenized or overprinted by Late Jurassic (?) to Middle Cretaceous greenschist to glaucophane-schist facies metamorphism. Very low alkali contents and moderate to very high contents of Ba, F, and Mg are the major chemical characteristics of the pervasively altered rocks. The strong Mg metasomatism, high Ba contents, and limited extent of altered rocks suggest a rapid influx of relatively cold seawater into a hot hydrothermal vent system. Alteration developed asymmetrically around a linear fissure, suggesting fracture control of ore fluids rather than a point source. Micro-probe analyses of phyllosilicates from the Arctic area indicate two discrete mineral populations. Magnesian chlorite, barian white mica, and barian fiuorphlogopite in hydrothermally altered rocks have compositions distinct from similar minerals (chlorite, phengite, biotite) developed during high-pressure metamorphism in metapelitic and metavolcanic lithologies. These differences in mineral chemistry are the result of differences in protolith composition caused by hydrothermal alteration-metasomatism. Without mineral composition data, the contacts between some alteration assemblages and relatively unaltered metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks with similar mineralogy cannot be determined.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.83.4.822","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, J., 1988, Mineral and whole-rock compositions of seawater-dominated hydrothermal alteration at the Arctic volcanogenic massive sulfide prospect, Alaska: Economic Geology, v. 83, no. 4, p. 822-842, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.83.4.822.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"822","endPage":"842","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225248,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5763e4b0c8380cd6dc44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, J.M.","contributorId":97916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014362,"text":"70014362 - 1988 - Origin of metaluminous and alkaline volcanic rocks of the Latir volcanic field, northern Rio Grande rift, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70014362","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of metaluminous and alkaline volcanic rocks of the Latir volcanic field, northern Rio Grande rift, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Volcanic rocks of the Latir volcanic field evolved in an open system by crystal fractionation, magma mixing, and crustal assimilation. Early high-SiO2 rhyolites (28.5 Ma) fractionated from intermediate compositionmagmas that did not reach the surface. Most precaldera lavas have intermediate-compositions, from olivine basaltic-andesite (53% SiO2) to quartz latite (67% SiO2). The precaldera intermediate-composition lavas have anomalously high Ni and MgO contents and reversely zoned hornblende and augite phenocrysts, indicating mixing between primitive basalts and fractionated magmas. Isotopic data indicate that all of the intermediate-composition rocks studied contain large crustal components, although xenocrysts are found only in one unit. Inception of alkaline magmatism (alkalic dacite to high-SiO2 peralkaline rhyolite) correlates with, initiation of regional extension approximately 26 Ma ago. The Questa caldera formed 26.5 Ma ago upon eruption of the >500 km3 high-SiO2 peralkaline Amalia Tuff. Phenocryst compositions preserved in the cogenetic peralkaline granite suggest that the Amalia Tuff magma initially formed from a trace element-enriched, high-alkali metaluminous magma; isotopic data suggest that the parental magmas contain a large crustal component. Degassing of water- and halogen-rich alkali basalts may have provided sufficient volatile transport of alkalis and other elements into the overlying silicic magma chamber to drive the Amalia Tuff magma to peralkaline compositions. Trace element variations within the Amalia Tuff itself may be explained solely by 75% crystal fractionation of the observed phenocrysts. Crystal settling, however, is inconsistent with mineralogical variations in the tuff, and crystallization is thought to have occurred at a level below that tapped by the eruption. Spatially associated Miocene (15-11 Ma) lavas did not assimilate large amounts of crust or mix with primitive basaltic magmas. Both mixing and crustal assimilation processes appear to require development of relatively large magma chambers in the crust that are sustained by large basalt fluxes from the mantle. The lack of extensive crustal contamination and mixing in the Miocene lavas may be related to a decreased basalt flux or initiation of blockfaulting that prevented pooling of basaltic magma in the crust. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00399442","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C., and Lipman, P.W., 1988, Origin of metaluminous and alkaline volcanic rocks of the Latir volcanic field, northern Rio Grande rift, New Mexico: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 100, no. 1, p. 107-128, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00399442.","startPage":"107","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205690,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399442"},{"id":226218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70e5e4b0c8380cd7630c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, C.M.","contributorId":78707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014409,"text":"70014409 - 1988 - ALH85085: A unique volatile-poor carbonaceous chondrite with possible implications for nebular fractionation processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-09T15:49:49.873416","indexId":"70014409","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ALH85085: A unique volatile-poor carbonaceous chondrite with possible implications for nebular fractionation processes","docAbstract":"Allan Hills 85085 is a unique chondrite with affinities to the Al Rais-Renazzo clan of carbonaceous chondrites. Its constituents are less than 50 μm in mean size. Chondrules and microchondrules of all textures are present; nonporphyritic chondrules are unusually abundant. The mean compositions of porphyritic, nonporphyritic and barred olivine chondrules resemble those in ordinary chondrites except that they are depleted in volatile elements. Ca-, Al-rich inclusions are abundant and largely free of nebular alteration; they comprise types similar to those in CM and CO chondrites, as well as unique types. Calcium dialuminate occurs in several inclusions. Metal, silicate and sulfide compositions are close to those in CM-CO chondrites and Al Rais and Renazzo. C1-chondrite clasts and metal-rich “reduced” clasts are present, but opaque matrix is absent. Siderophile abundances in ALH85085 are extremely high (e.g., Fe/Si= 1.7 × solar), and volatiles are depleted (e.g., Na/Si= 0.25 × solar, S/Si= 0.03 × solar). Nonvolatile lithophile abundances are similar to those in Al Rais, Renazzo, and CM and CO chondrites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(88)90149-5","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Grossman, J.N., Rubin, A., and MacPherson, G., 1988, ALH85085: A unique volatile-poor carbonaceous chondrite with possible implications for nebular fractionation processes: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 91, no. 1-2, p. 33-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(88)90149-5.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226084,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e62be4b0c8380cd471de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, A.E.","contributorId":99308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacPherson, G.J.","contributorId":84920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacPherson","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013932,"text":"70013932 - 1988 - Fate of acetone in an outdoor model stream in southern Mississippi, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T10:58:38","indexId":"70013932","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate of acetone in an outdoor model stream in southern Mississippi, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The fate of acetone in water was investigated in an outdoor model stream located in southern Mississippi, U.S.A. Acetone was injected continuously for 32 days resulting in small milligram-perliter concentrations in the stream. Rhodamine-WT dye was injected at the beginning and at the end of the study to determine the time-of-travel and dispersion characteristics of the stream. A 12-h injection of t-butyl alcohol (TBA) was used to determine the volatilization characteristics of the stream. Volatilization controlled the acetone concentration in the stream. Significant bacterial degradation of acetone did not occur, contrary to expectations based on previous laboratory studies. Attempts to induce degradation of the acetone by injecting glucose and a nutrient solution containing bacteria acclimated to acetone were unsuccessful. Possible explanations for the lack of bacterial degradation included a nitrate limitation and a limited residence time in the stream system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(88)90165-5","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., Stephens, D.W., Shultz, D., and Tai, D.Y., 1988, Fate of acetone in an outdoor model stream in southern Mississippi, U.S.A.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 104, no. 1-4, p. 181-209, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(88)90165-5.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"209","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.1865234375,\n 33.17434155100208\n ],\n [\n -90.9228515625,\n 32.30570601389429\n ],\n [\n -91.60400390625,\n 31.071755902820133\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 30.996445897426373\n ],\n [\n -89.62646484375,\n 30.315987718557867\n ],\n [\n -88.39599609375,\n 30.372875188118016\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 33.119150226768866\n ],\n [\n -91.1865234375,\n 33.17434155100208\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f0fe4b0c8380cd5373b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, D. W.","contributorId":68335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shultz, D.J.","contributorId":60246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013834,"text":"70013834 - 1988 - Dissolved gases in the DOSECC Cajon Pass well: First year results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T01:15:21.126325","indexId":"70013834","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved gases in the DOSECC Cajon Pass well: First year results","docAbstract":"Fluid sampled from granitic rock near the 2 km depth in the DOSECC Cajon Pass well contained He, H2, CH4, C2H6, and C2H4 in concentrations much greater than in air-saturated water. The dissolved helium, which ranged in concentration from 0.6 to 0.8 µmole/kg-fluid, was almost entirely radiogenic (³He/4He = 0.06 Ra). The δ13C-CH4 value (−36 per mil) and (C2H6 + C2H4)/CH4 ratios (0.02 - 0.05) indicate that the dissolved methane (50-55 µmoles/kg-fluid) was produced by thermogenic breakdown of organic matter. Measured pCO2 values were very low, about 10−5 atm., and the carbon isotopes (δ13C = −18.9 per mil) point to an organic source such as plant root respiration for the dissolved carbonate species. No evidence of mantle volatiles was found despite proximity of the well to the San Andreas fault.
New reflectance spectra have been obtained for both the leading and trailing sides of Europa, using the Cooled Grating Array Spectrometer (CGAS) of the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF). The spectra are of higher precision than any yet obtained. Spectra of Europa's trailing side (central meridian longitude ≈300°) obtained in 1985 show two weak absorptions near 2.2 and 2.3 μm. Both of these features as well as others are seen in spectra obtained by R. N. Clark, R. B. Singer, P. D. Owensby, and F.P. Fanale (1980a, Bull. Amer. Astron. Soc. 12, 713–714) at similar central meridian longitude. Data obtained with an improved detector array in 1986, however, do not show the absorptions seen in the 1980 and 1985 spectra. It is not clear why the newest data do not show the apparent absorptions seen in previous years, but the suggestion is that either the 1980 and 1985 data are spurious or that the material responsible for the weak absorptions is no longer detectable. Analysis of the 1980 and 1985 data did not reveal any obvious source of systematic error capable of introducing spurious features, but we are skeptical of any explanation that cites transient deposition, movement, and/or destruction of material on Europa's trailing side to account for the nondetection of the features in the 1986 data. If the weak absorptions seen in the 1980 and 1985 data are real, they can be interpreted as indicating the transient spectroscopic presence of a molecular component on Europa's trailing side different from the water ice that is known to be the dominant surface constituent. Further monitoring is required to determine if the apparent absorptions are real.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(88)90041-3","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.H., Cruikshank, D.P., Tokunaga, A.T., Smith, R.G., and Clark, R.N., 1988, Search for volatiles on icy satellites: I. Europa: Icarus, v. 74, no. 2, p. 262-271, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(88)90041-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"262","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europa","volume":"74","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8850e4b08c986b3168e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tokunaga, A. T.","contributorId":74136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tokunaga","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, R. G.","contributorId":50288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70013787,"text":"70013787 - 1988 - FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR THE EVALUATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013787","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2129,"text":"JPT, Journal of Petroleum Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR THE EVALUATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES.","docAbstract":"The loss of professional experience and expertise in the domain of the earth sciences may prove to be one of the most serious outcomes of the boom-and-bust cyclic nature of the volatile energy and mining industries. Promising new applications of powerful computer systems, known as 'expert systems' or 'knowledge-based systems', are predicted for use in the earth science. These systems have the potential capability to capture and preserve the invaluable knowledge bases essential to the evaluation of US energy and mineral resources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"JPT, Journal of Petroleum Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01492136","usgsCitation":"Miller, B., 1988, FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR THE EVALUATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES.: JPT, Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 40, no. 3, p. 348-352.","startPage":"348","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e85e4b0c8380cd534d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Betty M.","contributorId":92231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Betty M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014389,"text":"70014389 - 1988 - Cyclic development of igneous features and their relationship to high-temperature hydrothermal features in the Henderson porphyry molybdenum deposit, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T16:34:12.501679","indexId":"70014389","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyclic development of igneous features and their relationship to high-temperature hydrothermal features in the Henderson porphyry molybdenum deposit, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Henderson porphyry molybdenum deposit was formed by the superposition of coupled alteration and mineralization events, of varying intensity and size, that were associated with each of at least 11 intrusions. Deposition of molybdenite was accompanied by time-equivalent silicic and potassic alteration. High-temperature alteration and mineralization are spatially and temporally linked to the crystallization of compositionally zoned magma in the apex of stocks. Differences in hydrothermal features associated with each intrusion (e.g., mass of ore, orientation and type of veins, density of veins, and intensity of alteration) correlate with differences in primary igneous features (e.g., composition, texture, morphology, and size). The systematic relations between hydrothermal and magmatic features suggest that primary magma compositions, including volatile contents, largely control the geometry, volume, level of emplacement, and mechanisms of crystallization of stocks. These elements in turn govern the orientations and densities of fractures, which ultimately determine the distribution patterns of hydrothermal alteration and mineralization.Based on primary igneous features, intrusions are grouped into four types, 1 to 4. The first three types define a potassic series of compositions (normarive orthoclase/albite greater than 1) and form a continuum from texturally and compositionally simple intrusions (type 1) to complex intrusions (type 3). Intensity and volume of high-temperature alteration and mineralization associated with a given stock increase from type 1 (2% of total ore) to type 3 (77% of total ore). Complex and strongly mineralizing intrusions (type 3) are separated from one another in time by relatively simple and weakly mineralizing intrusions (type 1). Stocks of type 4, the youngest intrusions, define a sodic series of compositions (normative orthoclase/albite less than 1) and are associated with the waning stages of mineralization.A number of textural features indicate that highly mineralizing type 3 stocks contained high primary concentrations of volatile components, e.g., the presence of unidirectional solidification textures, aplitic rather than aphanitic groundmass, extreme local textural variability, low percentages of phenocrysts in apices, brecciation of apices, and low volumes of dikes. From apex to root zone, textural units within the Seriate stock (type 3), the most productive stock in the deposit, include: (1) a Brain Rock unit with abundant quartz + or - fluorite crenulate layers, (2) a Border unit of generally low but variable phenocryst content (0-25%), (3) a transition zone, 5 to 10 m wide, of unidirectional solidification textures, (4) an Intermediate unit of moderate phenocryst content (25%), (5) another transition zone, 5 to 10 m wide, of unidirectional solidification textures, (6) a Porphyry unit of high phenocryst contents (40%), and (7) a Granite Porphyry or Granite unit. Crystals in layers of unidirectional textures always project toward the interior of the stock and indicate progressive inward solidification of magma along the walls of a chamber. Variations in texture are accompanied by variations in primary composition: the apex of the Seriate stock (the region above the deepest transition zone of unidirectional textures) is enriched in K 2 O and SiO 2 and depleted in Na 2 O, F, Nb, and Y relative to deeper units.Mineralization in the deposit is controlled by moderately outward-dipping concentric veins of both replacement and open-space origin, and by steeply dipping radial veins of replacement origin. Both sets of veins were formed nearly simultaneously about a stock and are focused in a systematic manner on the apex. A classic stockwork of veins occurs only in regions where vein sets associated with spatially separated intrusions overlap. Fluids that filled outward-dipping concentric structures flowed downward and outward from a stock. Fluid pressures in excess of lithostatic pressures, generated during crystallization of magma, were required to open and fill concentric structures. As magma solidified progressively inward, the zone of fluid evolution also migrated downward and inward. With time, the volume of evolved fluids decreased: vein densities decrease from greater than 200/m in the Seriate Brain Rock unit to less than 0.1/m immediately below the last transition zone separating the Seriate Intermediate unit from Seriate Porphyry unit. Crosscutting relations between veins and high-level dikes associated with the Seriate stock establish that most of the ore related to the Seriate stock was deposited prior to solidification of its deepest transition zone of unidirectional solidification textures.The absence of high-temperature veins and associated hydrothermal alteration in deep cores of stocks, the distribution of ore about the high levels of stocks, the orientation of veins about the apex of stocks, and the crosscutting relations between veins and dikes of the same stock are suggestive of initially high concentrations of molybdenum and volatiles in the apex of a stock immediately prior to the onset of significant crystallization. Additional accumulation of ore components, if any, ceased after solidification of the apex. Assignment of molybdenum in the ore shell about the Seriate stock to the volume of solid occupied by the apex of the Seriate stock yields concentration levels in the apical magma of approximately 13,000 ppm Mo.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.83.2.266","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Carten, R., Geraghty, E.P., and Walker, B., 1988, Cyclic development of igneous features and their relationship to high-temperature hydrothermal features in the Henderson porphyry molybdenum deposit, Colorado: Economic Geology, v. 83, no. 2, p. 266-296, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.83.2.266.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225702,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd23e4b0c8380cd4e65e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carten, R.B.","contributorId":45770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carten","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geraghty, E. P.","contributorId":83283,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geraghty","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, B.M.","contributorId":26820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":14329,"text":"ofr8744 - 1987 - Hydrogeologic for the Saco River valley glacial aquifer from Bartlett, New Hampshire to Fryeburg, Maine; October 1983 through January 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:07","indexId":"ofr8744","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-44","title":"Hydrogeologic for the Saco River valley glacial aquifer from Bartlett, New Hampshire to Fryeburg, Maine; October 1983 through January 1986","docAbstract":"Hydrogeologic data was collected for a study of the Saco River valley glacial aquifer. The study area extends along the Saco River from Bartlett, New Hampshire to Fryeburg, Maine. The study was done in cooperation with the Maine Geological Survey (Department of Conservation), the New Hampshire Water Supply and Pollution Control Commission, the New Hampshire Water Resources Board, and the Town of Conway, New Hampshire. The data include information on 54 well-inventory sites, 69 exploration-hole logs , analyses of grain-size distribution in 130 samples of glacial sediments, monthly water-table measurements in 100 wells, and continuous water-table measurements in 7 wells. Discharge data are presented from 6 stream-gaging stations operated for this study during the 1984 and 1985 water years. Data from 50 sets of seepage runs and 15 miscellaneous discharge measurements conducted on the mainstream of the Saco River and on 7 tributary streams during the 1984 and 1985 water years are also presented. Water quality analyses of groundwater samples from 92 sites and surface water samples from 12 sites are presented. Field determinations include pH, temperature, and specific conductance. Laboratory determinations include nutrients, common inorganic anions and cations, selected volatile organic compounds, and detergents. Maps show the locations of data-collection sites. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8744","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C., Tepper, D.H., and Morrissey, D.J., 1987, Hydrogeologic for the Saco River valley glacial aquifer from Bartlett, New Hampshire to Fryeburg, Maine; October 1983 through January 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-44, vi, 80 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8744.","productDescription":"vi, 80 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0044/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42990,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0044/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686303","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, C. D.","contributorId":8120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tepper, D. H.","contributorId":27466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tepper","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morrissey, D. J.","contributorId":51305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30434,"text":"wri874004 - 1987 - Effects of runoff controls on the quantity and quality of urban runoff at two locations in Austin, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T11:41:39","indexId":"wri874004","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4004","title":"Effects of runoff controls on the quantity and quality of urban runoff at two locations in Austin, Texas","docAbstract":"Rapid urban development in the Austin metropolitan area, Texas, is causing concern about increasing peak discharges from storm runoff and the degradation of the quality of water in receiving streams, lakes, and aquifers. In an attempt to decrease peak discharges and improve water quality, runoff controls are being required in some watersheds. This report summarizes the precipitation, streamflow, and water-quality data collected from September 1982 to September 1984 upstream and downstream from runoff controls at two locations, and presents the effects of these runoff controls on streamflow and the quality of runoff water. The two controls are a detention and filtering pond near Barton Creek Square Shopping Center, a large shopping center southwest of downtown Austin, and a grass-swale control in the Al ta Vista Planned Unit Development, a multipie-family housing area.
\nAt Barton Creek Square Shopping Center, rainfall for the storms analyzed ranged from 0.14 to 2.88 inches. The rainfall rate for the September 7, 1983, storm exceeded the 100-year return period for the 5- and 10-minute duration and was equal to the 50-year return period for the 15-minute duration. Peak discharge at the inflow station to the detention pond was closely related to the maximum rainfall during a 5-minute period and occurred about 10 minutes later. The maximum inflow at this station was 185 cubic feet per second and appeared to be the limit of the storm sewer system. For small- and moderate-sized storms, the runoff is contained in the detention pond and passes through a filter system. Runoff from large storms overflows into the drop outlet. For storms contained in the pond, peak discharges at the outflow station generally were less than 3.1 cubic feet per second. As time passed, the outflow peak discharges tended to decrease as a result of reduced permeability of the filter. Cleaning the filter appeared to increase the peak flows but did not restore them to the previous level. The runoff-rainfall ratio averaged 0.85 at the inflow station and 0.36 at the outflow station. A water budget shows unexplained losses to average 20 percent.
\nAt the Barton Creek Square Shopping Center, discharge-weighted densities of fecal-col iform and fecal-streptococci bacteria and discharge-weighted concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, suspended solids, total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, and total phosphorus generally were larger in the inflow than in the outflow. Discharge-weighted concentrations of dissolved lead, dissolved iron, and dissolved zinc generally were small in both the inflow and outflow; however, the larger discharge-weighted concentrations of these constituents generally were found in the inflow. Discharge-weighted concentrations of volatile dissolved solids were smaller in the inflow than in the outflow for 10 of the 22 storms analyzed. Discharge-weighted concentrations of total nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen and dissolved solids generally were much smaller in the inflow than in the outflow. It is likely that organic and ammonia nitrogen trapped in the pond from previous storms and in the inflow water as it flows through the pond is being oxidized to nitrite and nitrate nitrogen. Similarly, dissolved solids retained in the filter or on the bed of the pond from previous storms are being leached to the outflow.
\nMeasured peak concentrations or densities of most constituents in the inflow were significantly larger than those in the outflow for most constituents. An exception was noted for concentrations of total nitrite plus nitrate which were larger in the outflow than the inflow as indicated by discrete sample analysis for six storms.
\nLoads of most constituents and total numbers of bacteria were significantly larger in the inflow than in the outflow. The total numbers of bacteria were reduced by approximately 80 percent. Average removal efficiencies for suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, and dissolved zinc ranged between 60 and 80 percent. The average loads of dissolved solids were approximately 13 percent larger in the outflow than the inflow. Average loads of total nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen were approximately 110 percent larger in the outflow than in the inflow. The increase in loads of these constituents is due to material being leached from the bed of the pond or from the filter system.
\nAt Al ta Vista, rainfall for the storms analyzed ranged from 0.25 to 2.00 inches. The maximum rainfall intensity was 0.30 inch for a 5-minute interval. The runoff-rainfall ratio averaged 0.42 and appeared to be evenly distributed about the mean ratio line. The peak discharge at the inflow station to the grass-covered swale area was 0.93 cubic foot per second. Inaccuracies of discharge at the outflow station and variations in the ungaged drainage area with the size of the storm prevented a hydrologic analysis of the basin above this station.
\nDischarge-weighted concentrations of total phosphorus were larger in the outflow than in the inflow for each of the 19 storms analyzed. Discharge-weighted concentrations of dissolved solids, volatile dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and total organic carbon were larger in the outflow than in the inflow for at least 12 of the 19 storms analyzed. Discharge-weighted densities of fecal streptococci were decreased between the inflow and outflow, with discharge-weighted densities of fecal streptococci being less in the outflow for 15 of the 19 storms analyzed. Because of the relatively small variations in concentrations and densities of constituents between the inflow and outflow sites, and because of the errors in discharge at the outflow gage, it is not feasible to determine the effect of the grass-covered swales on discharge-weighted concentrations and densities of water-quality constituents.
\nDiscrete concentrations or densities of most constituents were not decreased. Peak concentrations of dissolved solids in the outflow exceeded peak concentrations in the inflow for all five of the storms analyzed with discrete samples. Peak concentrations of suspended solids, total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, total nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, and dissolved iron were larger in the outflow than in the inflow for four of the five storms analyzed. Load-removal efficiencies of water-quality constituents could not be determined because of inaccuracies in measuring discharge at the outflow site,
\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri874004","usgsCitation":"Welborn, C.T., and Veenhuis, J.E., 1987, Effects of runoff controls on the quantity and quality of urban runoff at two locations in Austin, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4004, ix, 101 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874004.","productDescription":"ix, 101 p.","numberOfPages":"111","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4004/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59212,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.8607177734375,\n 30.205080822715594\n ],\n [\n -97.8607177734375,\n 30.42144037217422\n ],\n [\n -97.63961791992188,\n 30.42144037217422\n ],\n [\n -97.63961791992188,\n 30.205080822715594\n ],\n [\n -97.8607177734375,\n 30.205080822715594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db611275","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welborn, Clarence T.","contributorId":53652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welborn","given":"Clarence","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veenhuis, Jack E.","contributorId":66745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veenhuis","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28832,"text":"wri874100 - 1987 - Area of influence and zone of contribution to superfund-site wells G and H, Woburn, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri874100","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4100","title":"Area of influence and zone of contribution to superfund-site wells G and H, Woburn, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Groundwater contamination by chlorinated volatile organic compounds detected by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Quality Engineering in 1979 forced the closing of public supply wells G and H in the City of Woburn, MA. The EPA has ranked the wells G and H site on the National Priorities List as a CERCLA (Superfund) site and currently is conducting a feasibility study to determine a remedial action cleanup plan for the site. A 30-day aquifer test was conducted to determine the hydraulic properties of the stratified drift aquifer in the vicinity of the wells, and to determine the area of influenced and zone of contribution to wells G and H under pumping conditions. The estimated transmissivity of the aquifer in the vicinity of well G was 29,700 sq ft/day, with a storage coefficient of 0.20. The average horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the vicinity of the well ranged from 125 to 350 ft/day. The estimated transmissivity of the aquifer at well H was 17,600 sq ft/day, with a storage coefficient of 0.16. The average horizontal hydraulic conductivity ranges from 130 to 215 ft/day. The area of influence after 30 days of pumping well G at 700 gal/min and well H at 400 gal/min was oblong in shape, and approximately 3000 ft long and 1700 ft wide, as measured at the midpoint between wells G and H. The area of influence of wells G and H described in this report is considered to be a ' snapshot ' representative of the hydrologic and pumping conditions of the 30-day aquifer test. Most of the water pumped by the wells is obtained directly from the part of the aquifer immediately surrounding both wells and from induced infiltration of surface water from the overlying river and wetland. The remaining part of the zone of contribution is that area of the Aberjona River drainage basin up-gradient and outside the area of influence of wells G and H. A small amount of the surface water in the river entering the northern end of the study area, which is derived from groundwater discharge and surface water runoff in the up-gradient drainage area, is induced from the river to the wells under pumping conditions. The size of the area south of wells G and H that contributes water to the wells is variable, dependent on pumping rates and hydrologic conditions. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874100","usgsCitation":"Myette, C., Olimpio, J., and Johnson, D., 1987, Area of influence and zone of contribution to superfund-site wells G and H, Woburn, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4100, 86 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874100.","productDescription":"86 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4100/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57698,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4100/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57699,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4100/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57700,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4100/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57701,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4100/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57702,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4100/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57703,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4100/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57704,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4100/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db674058","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myette, C. F.","contributorId":97115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myette","given":"C. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olimpio, J.C.","contributorId":36137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olimpio","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, D.G.","contributorId":40245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25846,"text":"wri864154 - 1987 - Water quality in the lower Puyallup River valley and adjacent uplands, Pierce County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:30","indexId":"wri864154","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4154","title":"Water quality in the lower Puyallup River valley and adjacent uplands, Pierce County, Washington","docAbstract":"The quality of most ground and surface water within and adjacent to the lower Puyallup River valley is suitable for most typical uses; however, some degradation of shallow groundwater quality has occurred. High concentrations of iron and manganese were found in groundwater, sampled at depths of < 40 ft, from wells tapping alluvial aquifers and in a few wells tapping deeper aquifers. Volatile and acid- and base/neutral-extractable organic compounds were not detected in either shallow or deep groundwater samples. The quality of shallow groundwater was generally poorer than that of deep water. Deep ground water (wells set below 100 ft) appears suitable as a supplementary water supply for fish-hatchery needs. Some degradation of water quality, was observed downstream from river mile 1.7 where a municipal wastewater-treatment plant discharges into the river. In the Puyallup River, the highest concentrations of most trace elements were found in bed sediments collected downstream from river mile 1.7. Median concentrations of arsenic, lead, and zinc were higher in bed sediments from small streams compared with those from the Puyallup River, possibly because the small stream drainages, which are almost entirely within developed areas, receive more urban runoff as a percentage of total flow. Total-recoverable trace-element concentrations exceeded water-quality criteria for acute toxicity in the Puyallup River and in some of the small streams. In most cases, high concentrations of total-recoverable trace elements occurred when suspended-sediment concentrations were high. Temperatures in all streams except Wapato Creek and Fife Dutch were within limits (18 C) for Washington State class A water. Minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations were relatively low at 5.6 and 2.0 mg/L, respectively, for Wapato Creek and Fife Dutch. The poorest surface-water quality, which can be characterized as generally unsuitable for fish, was in Fife Dutch, a manmade channel and therefore uncharacteristic of other small streams. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864154","usgsCitation":"Ebbert, J., Bortleson, G.C., Fuste, L.A., and Prych, E., 1987, Water quality in the lower Puyallup River valley and adjacent uplands, Pierce County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4154, ix, 199 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864154.","productDescription":"ix, 199 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4154/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54589,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4154/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54590,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4154/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d6e4b07f02db54913b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebbert, J.C.","contributorId":57451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbert","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bortleson, Gilbert C.","contributorId":57472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bortleson","given":"Gilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuste, L. A.","contributorId":85631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuste","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prych, E. A.","contributorId":36163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prych","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":29485,"text":"wri864163 - 1987 - Effects of land use on ground-water quality in central Florida — Preliminary results: U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Waste — Ground-water Contamination Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T21:57:19.082231","indexId":"wri864163","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4163","title":"Effects of land use on ground-water quality in central Florida — Preliminary results: U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Waste — Ground-water Contamination Program","docAbstract":"Groundwater is the principal source of drinking water in central Florida. The most important hydrogeologic unit is the Floridan aquifer system, consisting of fractured limestone and dolomite limestone. Activities of man in areas of recharge to the Floridian aquifer system that may be affecting groundwater quality include: (1) the use of drainage wells for stormwater disposal in urban areas, (2) the use of pesticides and fertilizers in citrus groves, and (3) the mining and processing of phosphate ore in mining areas. Preliminary findings about the impacts of these land uses on ground-water quality by comparison with a fourth land use representing the absence of human activity in another area of recharge are presented. Drainage wells convey excess urban stormwater directly to the Upper Floridian aquifer. The volatile organic compounds are the most common contaminants in ground water. Trace elements such as chromium and lead are entering the aquifer but their movement is apparently attenuated by precipitation reactions associated with high pH or by cation-exchange reactions. Among the trace elements and organic chemicals, most ground-water contamination in citrus production areas is caused by pesticides, which include the organic compounds simazine, ametryne, chlordane, DDE , bromacil, aldicarb, EDB, trifluralin, and diazinon, and the trace elements zinc and copper; other contaminants include benzene, toluene, napthalene, and indene compounds. In the phosphate mining area, constituents of concern are arsenic, selenium, and mercury, and secondarily lead, chromium, cadmium, and others. Organic compounds such as fluorene, naphthalene, di-n-butyl phthalate, alkylated benzenes and naphthalenes, and indene compounds also are entering groundwater. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864163","usgsCitation":"Rutledge, A.T., 1987, Effects of land use on ground-water quality in central Florida — Preliminary results: U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Waste — Ground-water Contamination Program: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4163, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864163.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393940,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36588.htm"},{"id":58328,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4163/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4163/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82,\n 27.739\n ],\n [\n -81.25,\n 27.739\n ],\n [\n -81.25,\n 29.1980\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 29.1980\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 27.739\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611d98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rutledge, A. T.","contributorId":38532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutledge","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14887,"text":"ofr87543 - 1987 - Data-collection methods and data summary for the assessment of water quality in Cedar Creek, west-central Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:54","indexId":"ofr87543","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-543","title":"Data-collection methods and data summary for the assessment of water quality in Cedar Creek, west-central Illinois","docAbstract":"A water-quality, data-collection network on a 26.2-mile reach of Cedar Creek in west-central Illinois was operated from May through December 1985 and from March through October 1986. The study reach drains a 60.8-square-mile area of predominantly agricultural land. However, the city of Galesburg contributes combined- and storm-sewer discharge to the creek that can affect the water quality.\r\nThis report presents the streamflow and water-quality data collected and describes the methods and instrumentation used. Continuous discharge data were determined at eight gaging stations--five on the main stem and three on tributaries of Cedar Creek. Flows ranged from 0 to 1,200 cubic feet per second. A total of 8 storm sewers and 51 combined sewers were monitored or inspected as part of the study.\r\n\r\nContinuous precipitation data were collected at five sites. The maximum hourly precipitation intensity during the study period was 1.97 inches per hour. The maximum total precipitation for a storm during the study period was 4.16 inches.\r\n\r\nSediment-oxygen-demand rates were measured at 45 locations in the creek. The measured sediment-oxygen-demand rates ranged from 0.4 to 9.1 grams of oxygen per square meter per day. Ninety-seven bottom-material samples were collected and analyzed for chemical oxygen demand, percentage of volatile organic constituents, and concentrations of total organic plus ammonia nitrogen, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, and zinc.\r\n\r\nTraveltime and reaeration rates were determined for 15 subreaches of Cedar Creek during various flow conditions. The reaeration rates ranged from 3.10 to 20.8 per day.\r\n\r\nThree intensive diel (24-hour) data collections were conducted during low-flow conditions. Data included dissolved oxygen concentration, biochemical oxygen demand, nutrient concentrations, and metal concentrations. During storm-related high-flow conditions, water-quality samples were collected at 5 main-stem sites, 3 tributary sites, the Galesburg wastewater treatment-facility outfall, and 15 sewer outfalls. These samples were analyzed for nutrients and metals, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demands, and biochemical oxygen demands.\r\n\r\nThis report describes methods for measuring stage, discharge, precipitation, sediment oxygen demand, traveltime, and reaeration rate. Collection methods for bottom-material samples, diel water-quality data and samples, combined-sewer overflow frequency and duration, and storm- related sampling of combined sewers, storm sewers, and streams are described. A brief discussion of streamflow computation methods also is presented.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87543","usgsCitation":"McFarlane, R., Freeman, W., and Schmidt, A., 1987, Data-collection methods and data summary for the assessment of water quality in Cedar Creek, west-central Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-543, vi, 177 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87543.","productDescription":"vi, 177 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0543/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43693,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0543/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db67437a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McFarlane, R.D.","contributorId":105728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarlane","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, W.O.","contributorId":30238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"W.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, A.R.","contributorId":79898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":42770,"text":"ofr8663 - 1987 - Reconnaissance of Volatile Synthetic Organic Chemicals at Public Water Supply Wells Throughout Puerto Rico, November 1984-May 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:06","indexId":"ofr8663","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-63","title":"Reconnaissance of Volatile Synthetic Organic Chemicals at Public Water Supply Wells Throughout Puerto Rico, November 1984-May 1985","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nGround water is the principal source of drinking water for about 850,000 people in Puerto Rico (National Water Summary, 1985). Ground-water withdrawals for public supply, agricultural, and industrial water uses in Puerto Rico are about 250 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) (Torres-Sierra and Aviles, 1985). The development of the most accessible surface water supplies will result in an increasing demand for ground water. \r\n\r\nRecent investigations conducted by the U. S. Geological Survey, WRD (USGS) have shown the presence of toxic synthetic organic chemicals in ground water throughout Puerto Rico (Gomez-Gomez and Guzman-Rios, 1982). Volatile synthetic organic chemicals (VOC's) have been detected in water from public water supply wells in concentrations ranging from 1 to 500 micrograms per liter (Guzman-Rios and Quinones-Marquez, 1984 and Guzman-Rios and Quinones-Marquez, 1985). As result of these findings, pumpage was discontinued at 6 wells operated by the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA), the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico agency responsible for public-water supply. Monitoring of 10 additional wells in the vicinity of those wells is being conducted by the USGS in cooperation with PRASA.\r\n\r\nIn 1985, the USGS began a comprehensive islandwide study of VOC's in drinking water. The study was conducted in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Department of Health (PRDOH) and PRASA. Samples were collected from 243 public-water supply wells operated by PRASA (flgure 1).\r\n\r\nThe authors wish to acknowledge the support, assistance and cooperation of the PRASA staff throughout Puerto Rico in the sample collection effort. The authors are especially grateful to Engineer Carlos Garcia-Troche from the PRASA main office in San Juan.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr8663","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Department of Health and the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority","usgsCitation":"Guzman-Rios, S., Garcia, R., and Aviles, A., 1987, Reconnaissance of Volatile Synthetic Organic Chemicals at Public Water Supply Wells Throughout Puerto Rico, November 1984-May 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-63, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8663.","productDescription":"2 p.","temporalStart":"1984-11-01","temporalEnd":"1985-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":136546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":80566,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0063/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":80567,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0063/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -67.25,17.75 ], [ -67.25,18.5 ], [ -65.5,18.5 ], [ -65.5,17.75 ], [ -67.25,17.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e560","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guzman-Rios, Senen sgguzman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzman-Rios","given":"Senen","email":"sgguzman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":227090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, Rene","contributorId":106089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Rene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aviles, Ada","contributorId":85942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aviles","given":"Ada","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":15181,"text":"ofr8748 - 1987 - Data for selected pesticides and volatile organic compounds for wells in the western San Joaquin Valley, California, February to July 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:00","indexId":"ofr8748","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-48","title":"Data for selected pesticides and volatile organic compounds for wells in the western San Joaquin Valley, California, February to July 1985","docAbstract":"During February to July 1985, water samples were collected from 55 wells in the western San Joaquin Valley, California, for chemical analysis to determine if 20 selected pesticides and 26 volatile organic compounds were present. Twenty-six of the sampled wells are completed in the shallow unconfined regional aquifer and 29 wells are completed in the deep confined regional aquifer. Water from six of the sampled wells, four of which are completed in the shallow unconfined aquifer, contained detectable levels of the pesticides or volatile organic compounds. Four samples contained a single pesticide, one sample contained two pesticides, and one sample contained 5.9 microgm/liter of toluene, a volatile organic compound. Five of the six pesticides detected were triazine herbicides; the maximum concentration was 0.2 microgm/liter. Four samples with detectable concentrations of triazine herbicides are from wells used for domestic water supply; however, drinking-water standards have not been established for triazine herbicides. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8748","usgsCitation":"Neil, J.M., 1987, Data for selected pesticides and volatile organic compounds for wells in the western San Joaquin Valley, California, February to July 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-48, iv, 10 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8748.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0048/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44095,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0048/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c934","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neil, J. M.","contributorId":27464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}