The objective of this report is to provide basic technical information regarding the CO2-EOR process, which is at the core of the assessment methodology, to estimate the technically recoverable oil within the fields of the identified sedimentary basins of the United States. Emphasis is on CO2-EOR because this is currently one technology being considered as an ultimate long-term geologic storage solution for CO2 owing to its economic profitability from incremental oil production offsetting the cost of carbon sequestration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151071","usgsCitation":"Verma, M., 2015, Fundamentals of carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR): a supporting document of the assessment methodology for hydrocarbon recovery using CO2-EOR associated with carbon sequestration: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1071, v, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151071.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058212","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151071.jpg"},{"id":300879,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1071/"},{"id":300882,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1071/pdf/ofr2015-1071.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55682e21e4b0d9246a9f60e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verma, Mahendra K. mverma@usgs.gov","contributorId":1027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verma","given":"Mahendra K.","email":"mverma@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148348,"text":"ofr20151038 - 2015 - Development of conceptual ecological models linking management of the Missouri River to pallid sturgeon population dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-28T10:23:39","indexId":"ofr20151038","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-28T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1038","title":"Development of conceptual ecological models linking management of the Missouri River to pallid sturgeon population dynamics","docAbstract":"This report documents the process of developing and refining conceptual ecological models (CEMs) for linking river management to pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) population dynamics in the Missouri River. The refined CEMs are being used in the Missouri River Pallid Sturgeon Effects Analysis to organize, document, and formalize an understanding of pallid sturgeon population responses to past and future management alternatives. The general form of the CEMs, represented by a population-level model and component life-stage models, was determined in workshops held in the summer of 2013. Subsequently, the Missouri River Pallid Sturgeon Effects Analysis team designed a general hierarchical structure for the component models, refined the graphical structure, and reconciled variation among the components and between models developed for the upper river (Upper Missouri & Yellowstone Rivers) and the lower river (Missouri River downstream from Gavins Point Dam). Importance scores attributed to the relations between primary biotic characteristics and survival were used to define a candidate set of working dominant hypotheses about pallid sturgeon population dynamics. These CEMs are intended to guide research and adaptive-management actions to benefit pallid sturgeon populations in the Missouri River.
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A.","contributorId":41737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70148022,"text":"ofr20151097 - 2015 - Literature review of the potential effects of formalin on nitrogen oxidation efficiency of the biofilters of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) for freshwater finfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-28T09:10:33","indexId":"ofr20151097","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-27T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1097","title":"Literature review of the potential effects of formalin on nitrogen oxidation efficiency of the biofilters of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) for freshwater finfish","docAbstract":"A comprehensive literature review was done for the effects of formalin on biofilter function in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) using these databases: ISI/Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Pubmed. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed as the literature review was conducted. The initial search produced 5,682 potential citations. Once the literature search was complete, these 5,682 titles were screened for applicable papers using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. If the title contained any of the inclusion terms, it was retained. Titles of the remaining papers were then screened for exclusion terms. If the title contained one or more of the exclusion terms, it was eliminated from further consideration. This refined search produced 1,287 papers.
\nAfter the initial screening, the remaining 1,287 papers underwent a second screening. Titles and abstracts (when available) were again read to verify that the topic of the paper was related to RAS. During the second screening, a second person verified that the papers proposed for elimination were not related to RAS. A combined reference list of the 443 remaining papers was created and submitted to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center (UMESC) librarian to obtain the actual papers; electronic copies of those citations were obtained and reviewed. The UMESC librarian also would receive weekly updates from Scopus (a bibliographic database containing abstracts and citations for academic journal articles) using the search terms. Any resulting papers from those updates also were screened using the inclusion criteria, and any relevant papers were requested. From those, 82 were cited in the literature review. An additional 10 references were obtained from weekly updates or reference mining other sources and were incorporated into the final literature review.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151097","usgsCitation":"Fredricks, K., 2015, Literature review of the potential effects of formalin on nitrogen oxidation efficiency of the biofilters of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) for freshwater finfish: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1097, vii, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151097.","productDescription":"vii, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061726","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300877,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151097.jpg"},{"id":300874,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1097/"},{"id":300875,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1097/pdf/ofr2015-1097.pdf","text":"Report","size":"405 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300876,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1096","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1096","description":"Open-File Report 2015-1096","linkHelpText":"Companion Report - Literature Review of the Potential Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide on Nitrogen Oxidation Efficiency of the Biofilters of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) for Freshwater Finfish"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5566dcafe4b0d9246a9ec293","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fredricks, Kim T. 0000-0003-2363-7891 kfredricks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-7891","contributorId":5163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredricks","given":"Kim T.","email":"kfredricks@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148021,"text":"ofr20151096 - 2015 - Literature review of the potential effects of hydrogen peroxide on nitrogen oxidation efficiency of the biofilters of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) for freshwater finfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T16:09:30","indexId":"ofr20151096","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-27T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1096","title":"Literature review of the potential effects of hydrogen peroxide on nitrogen oxidation efficiency of the biofilters of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) for freshwater finfish","docAbstract":"A comprehensive literature review was done for the effects of hydrogen peroxide (HP) on biofilter function in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) using these databases: ISI/Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Pubmed. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed as the literature review was conducted. The initial search produced 5,748 potential citations. Once the literature search was complete, these 5,748 titles were screened for applicable papers using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. If the title contained any of the inclusion terms, it was retained. Titles of the remaining papers were then screened for exclusion terms. If the title contained one or more of the exclusion terms, it was eliminated from further consideration. This refined search produced 1,405 papers.
\nAfter the initial screening, the remaining 1,405 papers underwent a second screening. Titles and abstracts (when available) were again read to verify that the topic of the paper was related to RAS. During the second screening, a second person verified that the papers proposed for elimination were not related to RAS. A combined reference list of the 512 remaining papers was created and submitted to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center (UMESC) librarian in order to obtain the actual papers; electronic copies of those citations were obtained and reviewed. The UMESC librarian also received weekly updates from Scopus (a bibliographic database containing abstracts and citations for academic journal articles) using the search terms. Any resulting papers from those updates were screened using the inclusion criteria and relevant papers were requested. From those, 86 were cited in the literature review. An additional 11 papers from other search methods (e.g., mining references lists) also were obtained.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151096","usgsCitation":"Fredricks, K., 2015, Literature review of the potential effects of hydrogen peroxide on nitrogen oxidation efficiency of the biofilters of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) for freshwater finfish: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1096, vii, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151096.","productDescription":"vii, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061724","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151096.jpg"},{"id":300871,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov//of/2015/1096/pdf/ofr2015-1096.pdf","text":"Report","size":"266 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300872,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1097","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1097","description":"Open-File Report 2015-1097","linkHelpText":"Companion Report - Literature Review of the Potential Effects of Formalin on Nitrogen Oxidation Efficiency of the Biofilters of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) for Freshwater Finfish"},{"id":300870,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov//of/2015/1096/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5566dcb0e4b0d9246a9ec295","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fredricks, Kim T. 0000-0003-2363-7891 kfredricks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-7891","contributorId":5163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredricks","given":"Kim T.","email":"kfredricks@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148195,"text":"ofr20151106 - 2015 - Estimating exposure of piscivorous birds and sport fish to mercury in California lakes using prey fish monitoring: a predictive tool for managers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T14:27:39","indexId":"ofr20151106","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-25T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1106","title":"Estimating exposure of piscivorous birds and sport fish to mercury in California lakes using prey fish monitoring: a predictive tool for managers","docAbstract":"Numerous water bodies in California are listed under the Clean Water Act as being impaired due to mercury (Hg) contamination. The Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program (SWAMP), via the Bioaccumulation Oversight Group (BOG), has recently completed statewide surveys of contaminants in sport fish tissue from more than 250 lakes and rivers in California and throughout coastal waters. This effort focused on human health issues but did not include beneficial uses by wildlife. Many piscivorous birds such as grebes, terns, cormorants, and mergansers eat fish smaller than those that were sampled by BOG, and sport fish Hg concentrations are not always indicative of wildlife exposure to Hg; therefore, the BOG surveys could not address whether wildlife were at risk due to Hg-induced reproductive impairment in these lakes.
\nWe used western grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark’s grebes (Aechmophorus clarkii) as our index of wildlife exposure to Hg in California lakes. Grebes are widely distributed in lakes throughout California and, as piscivorous waterbirds, are near the top of the food chain in lakes. Additionally, grebes become flightless after they arrive at their summer locations. Thus, grebes are useful representatives for wildlife risk from local, lake-specific contaminant exposure. Grebes also breed at many lakes throughout California, making them susceptible to impaired reproduction due to local Hg contamination.
\nWe developed a tool for estimating wildlife and sport fish risk from Hg exposure based on Hg concentrations in prey fish. This quantitative tool can be used to predict Hg concentrations in grebe blood, grebe eggs, and sport fish, thus facilitating a feasible alternative for adequately estimating wildlife exposure when more comprehensive wildlife sampling is not possible. Specifically, we sampled grebes, prey fish, and sport fish simultaneously at 25 lakes throughout California during the spring and summer of 2012 and 2013 when breeding birds are particularly vulnerable to Hg-induced reproductive impairment. We selected lakes based on a combination of factors, including lakes
\nUsing these factors ensured that our results are representative of a broad range of lakes and reservoirs in California and are comparable to prior BOG studies.
\nSpecifically, we addressed three management questions:
\nThe exposure-related effects of a commercially prepared spray-dried powder (SDP) formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A, were evaluated on coldwater, coolwater, and warmwater fish endemic to the Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi River Basins. Nine species of young-of-the-year fish were exposed to SDP for 24 hours by using continuous-flow, serial-dilution exposure systems at temperatures of 12 degrees Celsius (°C; 2 species; Oncorhynchus mykiss [rainbow trout] and Salvelinus fontinalis [brook trout]), 17 °C (3 species; Perca flavescens [yellow perch], Sander vitreus [walleye], and Acipenser fulvescens [lake sturgeon]), or 22 °C (4 species; Micropterus salmoides [largemouth bass], Micropterus dolomieu [smallmouth bass], Lepomis macrochirus [bluegill sunfish], and Ictalurus punctatus [channel catfish]).
\nTreatments, which were nominal target concentrations of SDP (as active ingredient) of 50, 100, 200, and 300 milligrams per liter (mg/L), were continuously applied for 24 hours by the addition of a test article stock solution into the main water inflow of each exposure system's dilution box. The SDP-treated water was then serially diluted through a series of dilution cells before delivery to the test chambers. The exposure concentrations measured were 61.5 to 81.4 percent of the target concentration. After exposure, fish were monitored for 22 days to assess exposure-related latent effects.
\nAnalyses of test animal condition factors and survival revealed that a 24-hour continuous dose of SDP affected all species. Calculated concentrations of SDP that would be lethal to 50 percent of the test animals (LC50) for the coldwater species were 19.2 and 104.6 mg/L for rainbow and brook trout, respectively. The LC50's for the coolwater species were 185.4, 176.9 and 8.9 mg/L for yellow perch, walleye, and lake sturgeon, respectively. The LC50's for the warmwater species were 173.6, 139.4, and 63.1 for the largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, and channel catfish, respectively. A reliable LC50 for bluegill sunfish could not be calculated because mortality in the SDP-treated groups did not exceed 20 percent.
\nFurther investigations to evaluate the SDP-exposure related effects on freshwater fish at the maximum approved open-water label concentration and exposure duration (100 mg/L for 8 hours) and using the expected lentic application technique (static application) are warranted. The variation in tolerance to P. fluorescens, strain CL145A, exposure observed in this study indicates that fish species community composition should be considered before SDP is applied in open-water environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151104","usgsCitation":"Luoma, J.A., Weber, K.L., and Denise A. Mayer, 2015, Exposure-related effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A, on coldwater, coolwater, and warmwater fish: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1104, viii, 1632 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151104.","productDescription":"viii, 1632 p.","numberOfPages":"1641","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064984","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300743,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1104/pdf/ofr2015-1104.pdf","text":"Report","size":"56.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"OF 2015-1104 Report"},{"id":300744,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1050/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1050","description":"Companion Report - Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) Spray Dried Powder for Controlling Zebra Mussels Adhering to Test Substrates"},{"id":300745,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1051/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1051","description":"Companion Report - Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CL145A Spray Dried Powder for Controlling Zebra Mussels Adhering to Native Unionid Mussels Within Field Enclosures"},{"id":300746,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1064/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1064","description":"Companion Report - Safety of Spray-Dried Powder Formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CL145A Exposure to Subadult/Adult Unionid Mussels During Simulated Open-Water Treatments"},{"id":300742,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1104/"},{"id":300747,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1066/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1066","description":"Companion Report - Exposure-Related Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) on Juvenile Unionid Mussels"},{"id":300748,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1094","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1094","description":"Companion Report - Exposure-Related Effects of Formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CL145A to Glochidia from Seven Unionid Mussel Species"},{"id":300749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151104.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55604527e4b0afeb70724145","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, James A. 0000-0003-3556-0190 jluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0190","contributorId":4449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"James","email":"jluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, Kerry L. klweber@usgs.gov","contributorId":4750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Kerry","email":"klweber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denise A. Mayer","contributorId":140891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denise A. Mayer","affiliations":[{"id":13605,"text":"New York State Department of Education, Cambridge Field Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70147635,"text":"ofr20151089 - 2015 - Geotechnical soil characterization of intact Quaternary deposits forming the March 22, 2014 SR-530 (Oso) landslide, Snohomish County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-22T09:39:22","indexId":"ofr20151089","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1089","title":"Geotechnical soil characterization of intact Quaternary deposits forming the March 22, 2014 SR-530 (Oso) landslide, Snohomish County, Washington","docAbstract":"During the late morning of March 22, 2014, a devastating landslide occurred near the town of Oso, Washington. The landslide with an estimated volume of 10.9 million cubic yards (8.3 x 106 m3) of both intact glacially deposited and previously disturbed landslide sediments, reached speeds averaging 40 miles per hour (64 kilometers per hour) and crossed the entire 2/3-mile (~1100 m) width of the adjacent North Fork Stillaguamish River floodplain in approximately 60 seconds, resulting in the complete destruction of an entire neighborhood (Iverson and others, 2015). More than 40 homes were destroyed as the debris overran the neighborhood, resulting in the deaths of 43 people.
\nLandslides in glacial deposits are common in the Pacific Northwest (for example, Baum and others, 2008), and in fact, the site of the March 22, 2014 SR-530 landslide had experienced significant reactivation several times in past decades, with the most recent event occurring in 2006 (for example, Miller and Sias, 1998). However, these previous landslides were of considerably less volume and mobility (Iverson and others, 2015), and debris had never reached the Steelhead Haven neighborhood. Further, no landslides with the type of mobility that the March 22, 2014 landslide underwent have been recorded in historic times within the North Fork Stillaguamish River valley. However, mapping performed immediately following the landslide indicates that several other slopes in the North Fork Stillaguamish River valley have experienced large-volume landslides exhibiting high mobility in prehistoric times (Haugerud, 2014). The presence of previous high-mobility landslides in the valley, and the now well-documented occurrence of one involving many fatalities, underscores both the hazard and risk for those that live and travel in this and other river valleys in the Pacific Northwest with similar glacial deposits and precipitation patterns.
\nTo understand the hazards posed by highly mobile landslides in the Pacific Northwest, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), together with its project partners, the University of California, Berkeley Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (UCB), and the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), is undertaking a critically needed study to identify the geologic, hydrogeologic, and geotechnical conditions in which these large landslides initiate, as well as the processes responsible for the exceptional mobility of this, and potentially other, landslides in the region. One of the first study activities involves characterizing the stratigraphy and materials from which the landslide deposits are derived, so that the fundamental geotechnical nature of the soils can be understood. This understanding is required to begin identifying possible conditions leading to slope failure and their relation to the landslide's high mobility. In addition, detailed characterization of each stratigraphic unit encountered in initial geotechnical borings is needed to relate stratigraphy between borings for this study and as a part of ongoing investigations by WSDOT and other project partners.
\nThis report provides a description of the methods used to obtain and test the intact soil stratigraphy behind the headscarp of the March 22 landslide. Detailed geotechnical index testing results are presented for 24 soil samples representing the stratigraphy at 19 different depths along a 650 ft (198 m) soil profile. The results include (1) the soil's in situ water content and unit weight (where applicable); (2) specific gravity of soil solids; and (3) each sample's grain-size distribution, critical limits for fine-grain water content states (that is, the Atterberg limits), and official Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) designation. In addition, preliminary stratigraphy and geotechnical relations within and between soil units are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of California, Berkeley and the Washington State Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Riemer, M.F., Collins, B.D., Badger, T.C., Toth, C., and Yu, Y.C., 2015, Geotechnical soil characterization of intact Quaternary deposits forming the March 22, 2014 SR-530 (Oso) landslide, Snohomish County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1089, vi, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151089.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064901","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151089.jpg"},{"id":300692,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1089/"},{"id":300693,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1089/pdf/ofr20151089.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"OF 2015-1089 Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Snohomish County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 47.010225655683485\n ],\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 48.21003212234042\n ],\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 48.21003212234042\n ],\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 47.010225655683485\n ],\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 47.010225655683485\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55604529e4b0afeb70724147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riemer, Michael F.","contributorId":140577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riemer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13533,"text":"Univ. of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Civil and Envir. Engineeering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, Brian D. bcollins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian","email":"bcollins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Badger, Thomas C.","contributorId":140578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Badger","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13534,"text":"Washington State Dept. of Transporation, Geotechnical Office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Toth, Csilla","contributorId":140579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toth","given":"Csilla","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13535,"text":"Univ. of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Civil and Envir. Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yu, Yat Chun","contributorId":140580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Yat","email":"","middleInitial":"Chun","affiliations":[{"id":13535,"text":"Univ. of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Civil and Envir. Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148087,"text":"ofr20151087 - 2015 - Chronostratigraphic cross section of Cretaceous formations in western Montana, western Wyoming, eastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, and northwestern New Mexico, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-21T10:04:39","indexId":"ofr20151087","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-21T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1087","title":"Chronostratigraphic cross section of Cretaceous formations in western Montana, western Wyoming, eastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, and northwestern New Mexico, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The chronostratigraphic cross section presented herein is a contribution to the Western Interior Cretaceous (WIK) project of the Global Sedimentary Geology Program. It portrays the Cretaceous formations at 13 localities in a south-trending transect from northwestern Montana through western Wyoming, eastern Utah, and northeastern Arizona, to northwestern New Mexico. The localities are in the Rocky Mountains and on the Colorado Plateau and contain strata that were deposited along the western margin of the Cretaceous Interior Seaway of North America. These strata are marine and nonmarine, mainly siliceous and calcareous, and of Aptian through Maastrichtian ages. They range in thickness from nearly 19,000 feet (ft) in southwestern Montana to about 1,500 ft thick in northeastern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico.
\nCretaceous formations in western Montana, western Wyoming, and eastern Utah disconformably overlie Jurassic rocks and locally include beds of either Aptian and Albian ages or Albian age. The Aptian beds consist of various lithologies of nonmarine origin. Albian beds consist of various nonmarine and marine lithologies. The Lower Cretaceous strata range in thickness from 4,300 ft in northern Utah to 180 ft in southern Utah and are absent at localities in Arizona and New Mexico.
\nUpper Cretaceous strata at most localities in the transect include beds of Cenomanian through Maastrichtian ages, although at five of the localities in Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico, younger strata are missing. Beds of Cenomanian, Turonian, Coniacian, Santonian, and Campanian ages in the region are siliceous, calcareous, or bentonitic and were deposited in marine and nonmarine environments. In the following Maastrichtian, siliceous lithologies accumulated in nonmarine environments. Thicknesses of the Upper Cretaceous strata range from more than 17,000 ft in southwestern Montana to nearly 6,000 ft in northwestern New Mexico.
\nIn this transect for time-stratigraphic units of the Cretaceous, lateral changes in lithologies, regional differences in thicknesses, and the abundance of associated disconformities possibly reflect local and regional tectonic events. Examples of evidence of those events follow: (1) Disconformities and the absence of strata of lowest Cretaceous age in western Montana, western Wyoming, and northern Utah indicate significant tectonism and erosion probably during the Late Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous; ( 2) stages of Upper Cretaceous deposition in the transect display major lateral changes in thickness, which probably reflect regional and local tectonism.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151087","usgsCitation":"Merewether, E.A., and McKinney, K.C., 2015, Chronostratigraphic cross section of Cretaceous formations in western Montana, western Wyoming, eastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, and northwestern New Mexico, U.S.A.: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1087, Report: iv, 10 p.; Map: 72.0 x 37.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151087.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; Map: 72.0 x 37.5 inches","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055213","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151087.jpg"},{"id":300666,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1087/pdf/ofr2015-1087_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Report","size":"296 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300667,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1087/"},{"id":300665,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1087/pdf/ofr2015-1087_map.pdf","text":"Map","size":"493 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map","linkHelpText":"Tables 1 and 2 included on this plate"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.312744140625,\n 48.86832824998009\n ],\n [\n -113.367919921875,\n 48.87194147722911\n ],\n [\n -113.038330078125,\n 46.60794102560568\n ],\n [\n -112.5164794921875,\n 44.68818283842486\n ],\n [\n -110.72090148925781,\n 45.11981058437286\n ],\n [\n -110.49224853515625,\n 43.48281929474004\n ],\n [\n -110.40435791015625,\n 41.73647896274239\n ],\n [\n -111.32720947265624,\n 40.8595252289932\n ],\n [\n -110.76141357421875,\n 39.61838363831915\n ],\n [\n -109.11432266235352,\n 39.17997767829162\n ],\n [\n -111.93145751953125,\n 37.555465068186955\n ],\n [\n -110.07202148437499,\n 36.77409249464195\n ],\n [\n -107.9296875,\n 36.81808022778526\n ],\n [\n -108.6328125,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 35.496456056584165\n ],\n [\n -108.402099609375,\n 36.589068371399115\n ],\n [\n -110.478515625,\n 36.60670888641815\n ],\n [\n -112.11891174316406,\n 37.575603207605845\n ],\n [\n -109.45678710937499,\n 39.172658670429946\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 39.554883059924016\n ],\n [\n -111.55929565429688,\n 40.95708558389897\n ],\n [\n -110.753173828125,\n 41.86547012230937\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 44.88701247981298\n ],\n [\n -112.64556884765624,\n 44.558184901080324\n ],\n [\n -113.28689575195312,\n 46.71256084516052\n ],\n [\n -114.312744140625,\n 48.86832824998009\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555ef39de4b0a92fa7eb9662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merewether, E. Allen merewether@usgs.gov","contributorId":3586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merewether","given":"E.","email":"merewether@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKinney, Kevin C. kcmckinney@usgs.gov","contributorId":3406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinney","given":"Kevin","email":"kcmckinney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":547448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147546,"text":"ofr20151088 - 2015 - California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Tomales Point, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T20:21:42.044949","indexId":"ofr20151088","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-20T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1088","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Tomales Point, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 200 m) subsurface geology.
\nTomales Bay, approximately 20-km long and 1- to 2-km wide, formed along a submerged portion of the San Andreas Fault, which forms a right-lateral transform boundary between the North American and Pacific tectonic plates. The fault juxtaposes Cretaceous granitic rock to the southwest (exposed on Tomales Point) with the Jurassic and Cretaceous Franciscan Complex to the northeast (exposed on the northeast coast of the Tomales Bay), and has an estimated slip rate of about 17 to 30 mm/yr in this area. The destructive great 1906 California earthquake (M7.8, 4/18/1906) is thought to have nucleated on the San Andreas Fault about 60 km to the south, offshore of San Francisco, with the rupture extending northward through Tomales Bay and for an additional about 230 km to the south flank of Cape Mendocino.
\nThe northwest coast of Tomales Point is characterized by steep, high (as much as 100 m), barren, granitic cliffs and a rugged shoreline with a few small pocket beaches. There has been as much as 48 m of Tomales Point cliff retreat from 1929–30 to 2002. The granite is overlain by less resistant Tertiary sandstones at Kehoe Beach, the northern end of a continuous, wide, sandy beach backed by a large coastal dune field that extends for about 20 km south to Point Reyes Head. This long beach has a mixed history of accretion and retreat since the late 1800s.
\nTomales Point relief is asymmetrical so that most small coastal watersheds in the map area drain eastward from Inverness Ridge into Tomales Bay. Many of these steep drainages have small sandy beaches at their mouths. The east coast of Tomales Bay is characterized by more gentle, hummocky, hilly relief underlain by the landslide-prone Franciscan Complex. Keys Creek, the most prominent small watershed entering Tomales Bay from the east, has a small subaqueous delta at its mouth. Central Tomales Bay is relatively flat and underlain by fine sand and silt. The mouth of Tomales Bay is characterized by sand waves, dunes, and flats that have formed in response to strong tidal flow.
\nSand Point and Dillon Beach are located at the mouth of Tomales Bay and on the southeasternmost shores of Bodega Bay, respectively. The wide beach in this area is backed by an extensive (4.8 km2) sand-dune complex. The enormous volume of sand on the beach and in the dune field is derived from southward littoral drift. This sediment is trapped by Tomales Bay and Tomales Point, which function as the south end of the Bodega Bay littoral cell.
\nThe continental shelf in California’s State Waters in the Offshore of Tomales Point map area extends to water depths of about 70 m (mean slope of about 0.7°) and is characterized by extensive, rugged, rocky seafloor. Granitic seafloor has a massive and fractured texture, whereas seafloor sedimentary rock outcrops commonly form distinctive “ribs” created by differential seafloor erosion of dipping beds of variable resistance. Direct sediment supply to this shelf is minimal because littoral drift is blocked to the north by Tomales Bay and Tomales Point, and to the south by the Point Reyes headland.
\nCirculation over the continental shelf in the map area (and in the broader northern California region) is dominated by the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern limb of the North Pacific Gyre. Associated upwelling brings cool, nutrient-rich waters to the surface, resulting in high biological productivity. The current flow generally is southeastward during the spring and summer; however, during the fall and winter, the otherwise persistent northwest winds are sometimes weak or absent, causing the California Current to move farther offshore and the Davidson Current, a weaker, northward-flowing countercurrent, to become active. As a result, net flow over the continental shelf can be more southerly during the spring and summer and more northerly during the fall and winter.
\nThroughout the year, this part of the central California coast is exposed to four wave climate regimes—the north Pacific swell, the southern swell, northwest wind waves, and local wind waves. The north Pacific swell dominates in winter months (typically November through March), with wave heights at offshore buoys ranging from 2 to 10 m and wave periods ranging from 10 to 25 s. During summer months, the largest waves come from the southern swell, generated by storms in the south Pacific and offshore Central America. Characteristically, these swells have smaller wave heights (0.3 to 3 m) and similarly long periods (range 10 to 25 s). Northwest wind waves affect the coast throughout the year, while local wind waves are most common from October to April. These two wind-wave regimes typically have wave heights of 1 to 4 m and short periods (3 to 10 s).
\nPotential marine benthic habitats in the Offshore of Tomales Point map area range from unconsolidated continental-shelf sediment, to rocky continental-shelf substrate, to unconsolidated estuary sediments. Rocky-shelf outcrops and rubble are considered to be promising potential habitats for rockfish and lingcod, both of which are recreationally and commercially important species. Dynamic bedforms, such as the sand waves at the mouth of Tomales Bay, are considered potential foraging habitat for juvenile lingcod and possibly migratory fishes, as well as for forage fish such as Pacific sand lance.
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2015 - Status and threats analysis for the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris), 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T19:05:07.028529","indexId":"ofr20151083","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-20T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1083","title":"Status and threats analysis for the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris), 2012","docAbstract":"The endangered West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), especially the Florida subspecies (T. m. latirostris), has been the focus of conservation efforts and extensive research since its listing under the Endangered Species Act. On the basis of the best information available as of December 2012, the threats facing the Florida manatee were determined to be less severe than previously thought, either because the conservation efforts have been successful, or because our knowledge of the demographic effects of those threats is increased, or both. Using the manatee Core Biological Model, we estimated the probability of the Florida manatee population on either the Atlantic or Gulf coast falling below 500 adults in the next 150 years to be 0.92 percent. The primary threats remain watercraft-related mortality and long-term loss of warm-water habitat. Since 2009, however, there have been a number of unusual events that have not yet been incorporated into this analysis, including several severely cold winters, a severe red-tide die off, and substantial loss of seagrass habitat in Brevard County, Fla. Further, the version of the Core Biological Model used in 2012 makes a number of assumptions that are under investigation. A revision of the Core Biological Model and an update of this quantitative threats analysis are underway as of 2015.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151083","usgsCitation":"Runge, M.C., Langtimm, C.A., Martin, J., and Fonnesbeck, C.J., 2015, Status and threats analysis for the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris), 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1083, v, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151083.","productDescription":"v, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-064691","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300427,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1083/"},{"id":300430,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151083.jpg"},{"id":300428,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1083/pdf/ofr2015-1083.pdf","size":"2.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555da21ce4b0a92fa7eb82bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langtimm, Catherine A. 0000-0001-8499-5743 clangtimm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":3045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langtimm","given":"Catherine","email":"clangtimm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Julien 0000-0002-7375-129X julienmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-129X","contributorId":5785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Julien","email":"julienmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fonnesbeck, Christopher J.","contributorId":83047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fonnesbeck","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148088,"text":"ofr20151041 - 2015 - California State Waters Map Series — Drakes Bay and vicinity, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T20:49:45.086535","indexId":"ofr20151041","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-19T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1041","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Drakes Bay and vicinity, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology.
\nThe Drakes Bay and Vicinity map area is located in northern California, about 30 km north of San Francisco and about 65 km south of Fort Ross. The map area is in the northern part of the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, and it includes all or parts of four California Marine Protected Areas. The largely undeveloped onshore part of the map area, which occupies much of the southern and southeastern parts of the Point Reyes peninsula, is used primarily for grazing, as well as recreation, as it is home to the Point Reyes National Seashore. The triangular Point Reyes peninsula, which lies completely west of the San Andreas Fault Zone, is bounded by the steep terrain of Inverness Ridge along its northeastern margin, Tomales Point at its northernmost tip, Point Reyes at its southwesternmost point, and Bolinas at its southern end. The landscape in between includes (from southeast to northwest) the sandy beaches along Drakes Bay, the estuaries of Drakes Estero and Estero de Limantour, and the long, windswept Point Reyes Beach, which is backed by an extensive dune field.
\nThe seafloor in the map area generally extends from the shoreline to water depths of about 40 to 50 m, except for the area south of the Point Reyes headland where water depths reach 60 to 70 m. This bathymetric gradient south and west of the Point Reyes headland is related to north-side-up motion along the Point Reyes Fault Zone. Except for the bathymetric gradient across the Point Reyes Fault Zone, the bedrock platform in the nearshore and inner shelf areas (50 to 60 m depth) is relatively flat (less than 1.0°) and is overlain by sand-sized to coarser grained sediment. Finer grained sediments are found in water depths greater than 60 m south of the Point Reyes headland, but they also extend into shallower (less than 40 m) water within Drakes Bay. Surficial and shallow sediments were deposited in the last about 21,000 years during the approximately 125-m sea-level rise that followed the last major lowstand associated with the Last Glacial Maximum, at which time the entire Drakes Bay and Vicinity map area was emergent and the shoreline was about 30 km south and west of the present-day shoreline.
\nTectonic influences that impact the shelf morphology and geology in the map area are related to local faulting, folding, uplift, and subsidence. Offshore of the Point Reyes headland, granitic basement rocks are offset vertically about 1.4 km along the Point Reyes Fault Zone; this uplift, combined with west-side-up offset on the San Andreas Fault Zone, has resulted in uplift of the Point Reyes peninsula and the adjacent shelf. Late Pleistocene uplift of marine terraces on the southern Point Reyes peninsula suggests active deformation of offshore structures west of the San Andreas Fault Zone. Pervasive stratal thinning within inferred uppermost Pliocene and Pleistocene deposits above the west strand of the Point Reyes Fault Zone suggests Quaternary active shortening of the curvilinear, northeast- to north-dipping Point Reyes Fault Zone. Lack of clear deformation in the uppermost Pleistocene and Holocene deposits suggests that activity along the Point Reyes Fault Zone has ceased or slowed since about 21,000 years ago.
\nSeafloor habitats in the Drakes Bay and Vicinity map area range from unconsolidated continental-shelf sediment to hard substrate. Rocky-shelf outcrops and rubble are considered to be promising potential habitats for rockfish and lingcod, both of which are recreationally and commercially important species.
\nCirculation over the continental shelf in the map area is dominated by the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern limb of the North Pacific Gyre. Associated upwelling brings cool, nutrient-rich waters to the surface, resulting in high biological productivity. The current flow generally is southeastward during the spring and summer; however, during the fall and winter, the otherwise persistent northwest winds are sometimes weak or absent, causing the California Current to move farther offshore and the Davidson Current, a weaker, northward-flowing countercurrent, to become active.
\nSediment transport in the map area largely is controlled by surface waves and tidal currents in the nearshore and, at depths greater than 20 to 30 m, by tidal and subtidal currents. In the map area, nearshore littoral drift of sand and coarse sediment is to the south, owing to the dominant west-northwest swell direction, and scour from large waves and tidal currents removes and redistributes sediment over large areas of the inner shelf. Tidal currents are particularly strong over the shelf in the map area, and they dominate the current regime in the nearshore. Further offshore, bottom currents generally flow to the northwest, distributing finer grained sediment accordingly.
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2015 - Determination of the acute toxicity of isoniazid to three invasive carp species and rainbow trout in static exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-19T10:06:41","indexId":"ofr20151101","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-19T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1101","title":"Determination of the acute toxicity of isoniazid to three invasive carp species and rainbow trout in static exposures","docAbstract":"Three invasive fishes of considerable concern to aquatic resource managers are the Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (bighead carp),Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp), and Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp), collectively known as Asian carps. There is a need for an effective chemical control agent for Asian carps. Isoniazid was identified as a potential toxicant for grass carp. The selective toxicity of isoniazid to grass carp was verified as a response to an anecdotal report received in 2013. In addition, the toxicity of isoniazid to bighead carp, silver carp, and Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) was evaluated. Isoniazid was not toxic to grass carp at the reported anecdotal concentration, which was 13 milligrams per liter. Isoniazid (130 milligrams per liter) was not selectively toxic to bighead carp, silver carp, or grass carp when compared to rainbow trout.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Schreier, T.M., and Hubert, T.D., 2015, Determination of the acute toxicity of isoniazid to three invasive carp species and rainbow trout in static exposures: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1101, vi, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151101.","productDescription":"vi, 9 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059963","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151101.jpg"},{"id":300540,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1101/"},{"id":300541,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1101/pdf/ofr2015-1101.pdf","text":"Report","size":"416 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555c509ce4b0a92fa7eacbba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schreier, Theresa M. 0000-0001-7722-6292 tschreier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-6292","contributorId":3344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreier","given":"Theresa","email":"tschreier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Terrance D. 0000-0001-9712-1738 thubert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9712-1738","contributorId":3036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Terrance","email":"thubert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147837,"text":"ofr20151090 - 2015 - In-reservoir behavior, dam passage, and downstream migration of juvenile Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead from Detroit Reservoir and Dam to Portland, Oregon, February 2013-February 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T14:32:07","indexId":"ofr20151090","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1090","title":"In-reservoir behavior, dam passage, and downstream migration of juvenile Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead from Detroit Reservoir and Dam to Portland, Oregon, February 2013-February 2014","docAbstract":"In the second year of 2 years of study, the movements of juvenile spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and juvenile summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through Detroit Reservoir, passing Detroit Dam, and migrating downstream to Portland, Oregon, were studied during a 1-year-long period beginning in February 2013. The primary purpose of the study was to provide empirical data to inform decisions about future alternatives for improving downstream passage of salmonids at Detroit Dam. A secondary purpose was to design and assess the performance of a system to detect juvenile salmonids implanted with acoustic transmitters migrating in the Willamette River. Inferences about fish migration were made from detections of juvenile fish of hatchery origin at least 95 millimeters in fork length surgically implanted with an acoustic transmitter and released during the spring (March–May) and fall (September–November) of 2013. Detection sites were placed throughout the reservoir, near the dam, and at two sites in the North Santiam River and at three sites in the Willamette River culminating at Portland, Oregon. We based most inferences on an analysis period up to the 90th percentile of tag life (68–78 days after release, depending on species and season), although a small number of fish passed after that period as late as April 8, 2014. Chinook salmon migrated from the tributaries of release to the reservoir in greater proportion than steelhead, particularly in the fall. The in-reservoir migration behaviors and dam passage of the two species were similar during the spring study, but during the fall study, few steelhead reached the reservoir and none passed the dam within the analysis period. Migrations in the reservoir were directed and non-random, except in the forebay. Depths of fish within 25 meters of the dam were deeper in the day than at night for Chinook salmon and similar in the day and night for steelhead; steelhead generally were at shallower depths than Chinook salmon. The primary factors affecting dam passage rates were seasonal dam operating conditions and diel period. Fish passage rates were much greater during the spring and summer than in the fall and winter, and the difference was attributed to the availability and use of the spillway near the top of the dam during the spring and summer. The flood-control purpose of the reservoir prevented spillway use during much of the fall and winter because of the low forebay elevation. Passage rates at night were greater than in the day during spring and summer (4.2 times) and during the fall and winter (14.9 times). Fish length, dam discharge, and forebay elevation also affected dam passage rates. Travel times from Detroit Dam passage to the downstream sites were shorter during the fall and winter than during the spring and summer, and were less than a median of 8.68 days to Portland. The estimated survival in the 11 kilometers (km) between Detroit Dam and the Minto Dam forebay was lower than in the remaining 241 km to the Portland site. Estimated survival per 100 km in the free-flowing reach from Minto Dam to Portland was 0.675–0.836, depending on species and season, and was similar to other free-flowing rivers in the Western United States. The high probability of fish in the reservoir reaching the dam, the chance for repeated presence near the dam, the fish depths, and the factors known to affect passage rates suggest that a properly designed surface passage route could be a viable downstream passage alternative for juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead at Detroit Dam.
\nAs part of the evaluations conducted at Detroit Dam, we continued to refine and improve methods for monitoring fish movements in the Willamette River. The goal was to develop stable, cost-effective, long-term monitoring arrays suitable for detection of any Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS)-tagged fish in the Willamette River. These data then could be used to estimate timing, migration rates, and survival of JSATS-tagged fish from various studies in the Willamette River Basin. The challenge, however, is that acoustic telemetry generally performs poorly in shallow, turbulent water, like that found in the Willamette River. We successfully designed, deployed, and maintained a series of monitoring sites near the Oregon cities of Salem, Wilsonville, and Portland. In the spring, detection probabilities at these sites ranged from 0.900 to 1.000. In the fall, the detection probabilities decreased and ranged from 0.526 to 1.000. The lower detection probabilities, particularly at the Salem site (0.526), were owing to loss of data caused by abnormally high flows as well as the 2013 Federal government shutdown, which prevented us from servicing the equipment. The monitoring sites that we installed seem to be robust and enable the efficient use of acoustic-tagged fish for studies of migration or survival in the Willamette River and similar environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151090","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., and Adams, N.S., 2015, In-reservoir behavior, dam passage, and downstream migration of juvenile Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead from Detroit Reservoir and Dam to Portland, Oregon, February 2013-February 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1090, ix, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151090.","productDescription":"ix, 92 p.","numberOfPages":"105","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2013-02-01","temporalEnd":"2014-02-28","ipdsId":"IP-060688","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151090.jpg"},{"id":300473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1090/"},{"id":300474,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1090/pdf/ofr2015-1090.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Detroit Reservoir, North Santiam River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.44125366210936,\n 44.66865287227321\n ],\n [\n -122.44125366210936,\n 44.76184913125266\n ],\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 44.76184913125266\n ],\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 44.66865287227321\n ],\n [\n -122.44125366210936,\n 44.66865287227321\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555aff21e4b0a92fa7eac5cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70145686,"text":"ofr20151068 - 2015 - California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of San Francisco, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T20:08:37.146111","indexId":"ofr20151068","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1068","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of San Francisco, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of San Francisco map area is centered on the City of San Francisco and the Golden Gate channel, a waterway that connects the Pacific Ocean to the San Francisco Bay between the Marin Headlands and San Francisco Peninsula. The San Francisco Bay Area is the second-largest urban area on the U.S. West Coast with a combined population of over seven million. The bay supports several major cargo ports and the Port of San Francisco’s Fisherman’s Wharf is a major center for Northern California’s commercial and sport fishing fleets. The coastal part of the map area predominantly consists of high bluffs and vertical sea cliffs shaped by uplift and erosion of the Marin Headlands and San Francisco Peninsula east of the San Andreas and San Gregorio Fault Zones.
\nThe seafloor in the map area extends from the shoreline and western end of the Golden Gate channel to water depths of about 30 to 50 m, except for the San Andreas graben area, where water depths reach 75 m. Sea-level rise, tidal currents, and tectonics have shaped bathymetry in the map area. During the Last Glacial Maximum, Sea level was about 125 m lower than present day and the shoreline was more than 45 km west of San Francisco near the Farallon Islands. At that time, the map area was part of a large alluvial plain connected to a drainage basin that included much of California’s Central Valley. A river system flowed westward through the narrows of the Golden Gate channel and an alluvial valley bounded to the north and south by bedrock highlands, including the present-day Pacifica-Pescadero and Bolinas shelves. Rising seas entered the Golden Gate about 11,000 to 10,000 years ago and subsequent marine flooding led to progressive growth of the San Francisco Bay. Strong tidal currents, accelerating through the relatively narrow Golden Gate, have scoured the bedrock channel to a depth of 113 m. East and west of the channel, tidal currents decelerate and form large fields of sand waves. Offshore of the Marin Headlands, eastward transfer of right-lateral fault slip in a complex of faults northwest of the map area has caused extension and the formation of a sediment basin called the San Andreas graben on the continental shelf. The accommodation space created by extension on the shelf and the proximity to sediment transported to the ocean through San Francisco Bay results in a sand-dominated offshore shelf environment.
\nSeafloor habitats in the Offshore of San Francisco map area comprise significant sand-dominated sediment habitat with sand wave and ripple bedforms indicative of high wave and current energy. North of the Golden Gate, biological productivity resulting from coastal upwelling supports populations of Sooty Shearwater, Western Gull, Common Murre, Cassin’s Auklet, and many other less populous bird species. In addition, an observable recovery of Humpback and Blue Whales has occurred in the area; both species are dependent on coastal upwelling to provide nutrients. For the first time in 65 years, Pacific Harbor Porpoise returned to San Francisco Bay in 2009. On the coast north of the Golden Gate, the large extent of exposed inner shelf bedrock supports large forests of “bull kelp,” which is well adapted for high wave-energy environments. Common fish species found in the kelp beds and rocky reefs include painted greenling, kelp greenling, lingcod, and several varieties of rockfish.
\nCirculation over the continental shelf in the Offshore of San Francisco map area is dominated by the southward-flowing California Current, an eastern limb of the North Pacific Gyre that flows from Oregon to Baja California. At its midpoint offshore of central California, the California Current transports subarctic surface waters southeastward, about 150 to 1,300 km from shore. Seasonal northwesterly winds that are, in part, responsible for the California Current, generate coastal upwelling. Ocean temperatures offshore of central California have increased over the past 50 years, driving an ecosystem shift from the productive subarctic regime towards a depopulated subtropical environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151068","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Greene, H., Erdey, M.D., Golden, N., Hartwell, S., Endris, C.A., Manson, M., Sliter, R.W., Kvitek, R.G., Watt, J.T., Ross, S.L., and Bruns, T.R., 2015, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of San Francisco, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1068, Pamphlet: iv, 39 p.; 10 Sheets: 52.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151068.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 39 p.; 10 Sheets: 52.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052334","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300503,"rank":13,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151068.jpg"},{"id":398998,"rank":16,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101859.htm"},{"id":300502,"rank":15,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreSanFrancisco/data_catalog_OffshoreSanFrancisco.html","text":"Data Catalog: Offshore of San Francisco, California (Data Series 781)","description":"Data Catalog: Offshore of San Francisco, California (Data Series 781)","linkHelpText":"Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":300496,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/pdf/ofr2015-1068_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of San Francisco Map Area, California By Nadine E. 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2015 - Laboratory evaluation of the pressure water level data logger manufactured by Infinities USA, Inc.: results of pressure and temperature tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T11:07:21","indexId":"ofr20151049","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1049","title":"Laboratory evaluation of the pressure water level data logger manufactured by Infinities USA, Inc.: results of pressure and temperature tests","docAbstract":"The Pressure Water Level Data Logger manufactured by Infinities USA, Inc., was evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility for conformance with the manufacturer’s stated accuracy specifications for measuring pressure throughout the device’s operating temperature range and with the USGS accuracy requirements for water-level measurements. The Pressure Water Level Data Logger (Infinities Logger) is a submersible, sealed, water-level sensing device with an operating pressure range of 0 to 11.5 feet of water over a temperature range of −18 to 49 degrees Celsius. For the pressure range tested, the manufacturer’s accuracy specification of 0.1 percent of full scale pressure equals an accuracy of ±0.138 inch of water. Three Infinities Loggers were evaluated, and the testing procedures followed and results obtained are described in this report. On the basis of the test results, the device is poorly compensated for temperature. For the three Infinities Loggers, the mean pressure differences varied from –4.04 to 5.32 inches of water and were not within the manufacturer’s accuracy specification for pressure measurements made within the temperature-compensated range. The device did not meet the manufacturer’s stated accuracy specifications for pressure within its temperature-compensated operating range of –18 to 49 degrees Celsius or the USGS accuracy requirements of no more than 0.12 inch of water (0.01 foot of water) or 0.10 percent of reading, whichever is larger. The USGS accuracy requirements are routinely examined and reported when instruments are evaluated at the Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility. The estimated combined measurement uncertainty for the pressure cycling test was ±0.139 inch of water, and for temperature, the cycling test was ±0.127 inch of water for the three Infinities Loggers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151049","usgsCitation":"Carnley, M.V., 2015, Laboratory evaluation of the pressure water level data logger manufactured by Infinities USA, Inc.: results of pressure and temperature tests: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1049, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151049.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059926","costCenters":[{"id":339,"text":"Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151049.jpg"},{"id":300467,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1049/"},{"id":300468,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1049/pdf/ofr2015-1049.pdf","text":"Report","size":"974 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555aff21e4b0a92fa7eac5ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carnley, Mark V. mcarnley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carnley","given":"Mark","email":"mcarnley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148014,"text":"ofr20151094 - 2015 - Exposure-related effects of formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL145A to glochidia from seven unionid mussel species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-15T08:58:50","indexId":"ofr20151094","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-15T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1094","title":"Exposure-related effects of formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL145A to glochidia from seven unionid mussel species","docAbstract":"The study was completed to evaluate the exposure-related effects of a biopesticide for dreissenid mussel (Dreissena polymorpha, zebra mussel and Dreissena rostriformis bugensis, quagga mussel) control on glochidia from unionid mussels endemic to the Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi River Basins. The commercially prepared biopesticide was either a spray-dried powder (SDP) or freeze-dried powder (FDP) formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A. Glochidia of the unionid mussel species Lampsilis cardium, Lampsilis siliquoidea,Lampsilis higginsii, Ligumia recta, Obovaria olivaria, and Actinonaias ligamentina were exposed to SDP-formulated P. fluorescens andLampsilis cardium and Megalonaias nervosa were exposed to FDP-formulated P. fluorescens.
\nAll exposures were static, 24 hours in duration, and included six treatment groups. The treatment groups included (1) an untreated control, (2) a positive control which received a nominal target active ingredient (AI) concentration of 300 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of heat-deactivated test article, and (3) treatments that received nominal target AI concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/L of test article. All treatment concentrations are reported based on active ingredient.
\nGlochidia viability was reduced in two of the six species exposed to 50 mg/L SDP and in four of the six species exposed to 100 mg/L SDP when compared to untreated control groups at 6, 12, and 24 hours. Regardless of sample time, concentrations of 200 and 300 mg/L of SDP and 300 mg/L of heat-deactivated SDP (positive control) substantially reduced glochidia viability in all species except, L. higginsii. Glochidia viability was only reduced for L. cardium exposed to FDP at concentrations ≥ 200 mg/L. After 24 hours of FDP exposure, differences in glochidia viability were only detected in M. nervosa that were exposed to 300 mg/L of heat-deactivated SDP. However, given the low viability in the control group, the results for M. nervosa should be interpreted with caution.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151094","usgsCitation":"Luoma, J.A., Weber, K.L., Severson, T.J., Schreier, T.M., Mayer, D.A., Aloisi, D.B., and Eckert, N.L., 2015, Exposure-related effects of formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL145A to glochidia from seven unionid mussel species: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1094, vii, 474 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151094.","productDescription":"vii, 474 p.","numberOfPages":"483","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064604","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300419,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1094/pdf/ofr2015-1094.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151094.jpg"},{"id":300418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1094/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55570a9be4b0a92fa7e9cffb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, James A. 0000-0003-3556-0190 jluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0190","contributorId":4449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"James","email":"jluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, Kerry L. klweber@usgs.gov","contributorId":4750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Kerry","email":"klweber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Severson, Todd J. 0000-0001-5282-3779 tseverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5282-3779","contributorId":4749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"Todd","email":"tseverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schreier, Theresa M. 0000-0001-7722-6292 tschreier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-6292","contributorId":3344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreier","given":"Theresa","email":"tschreier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mayer, Denise A.","contributorId":140296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayer","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13400,"text":"New York State Museum, Cambridge Field Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Aloisi, Douglas B.","contributorId":140752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aloisi","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Eckert, Nathan L.","contributorId":140298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eckert","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70147397,"text":"ofr20151055 - 2015 - Effects of proposed sediment borrow pits on nearshore wave climate and longshore sediment transport rate along Breton Island, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T14:21:55","indexId":"ofr20151055","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-14T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1055","title":"Effects of proposed sediment borrow pits on nearshore wave climate and longshore sediment transport rate along Breton Island, Louisiana","docAbstract":"As part of a plan to preserve bird habitat on Breton Island, the southernmost extent of the Chandeleur Islands and part of the Breton National Wildlife Refuge in Louisiana, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service plans to increase island elevation with sand supplied from offshore resources. Proposed sand extraction sites include areas offshore where the seafloor morphology suggests suitable quantities of sediment may be found. Two proposed locations east and south of the island, between 5.5–9 kilometers from the island in 3–6 meters of water, have been identified. Borrow pits are perturbations to shallow-water bathymetry and thus can affect the wave field in a variety of ways, including alterations in sediment transport and new erosional or accretional patterns along the beach. A scenario-based numerical modeling strategy was used to assess the effects of the proposed offshore borrow pits on the nearshore wave field. Effects were assessed over a range of wave conditions and were gaged by changes in significant wave height and wave direction inshore of the borrow sites, as well as by changes in the calculated longshore sediment transport rate. The change in magnitude of the calculated sediment transport rate with the addition of the two borrow pits was an order of magnitude less than the calculated baseline transport rate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Dalyander, P.S., Mickey, R.C., Long, J.W., and Flocks, James, 2017, Effects of proposed borrow pits on the nearshore wave climate and longshore sediment transport rate along Breton Island, Louisiana (ver. 2.0, August 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1055, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151055.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 44 p.; HTML Document; Downloads Directory; Data Release; Version History","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059343","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345194,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1055/VersionHist.txt","size":"1.18 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":300407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1055/pdf/ofr20151055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.37 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300406,"rank":2,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1055/ofr2015-1055_abstract.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299991,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1055/index.html","text":"Index page"},{"id":300409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1055/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":345198,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7ZC81B1","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Wave Scenario Results of Proposed Sediment Borrow Pit 3 on the Nearshore Wave Climate of Breton Island, LA"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Breton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.23301696777342,\n 29.453350219723674\n ],\n [\n -89.23301696777342,\n 29.51013490234384\n ],\n [\n -89.10873413085938,\n 29.51013490234384\n ],\n [\n -89.10873413085938,\n 29.453350219723674\n ],\n [\n -89.23301696777342,\n 29.453350219723674\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: May 2015; Version 2.0: August 2017","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
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Historic land use, dam construction, water storage, and flow diversions in the Trinity River watershed have resulted in downstream geomorphic change, loss of salmonid habitat, and declines in salmonid populations. The USGS in cooperation with the Trinity River Restoration Program, a multi-agency partnership tasked with implementing federally mandated restoration, completed a geomorphic change assessment to inform the planning process for future restoration work. This report documents an ARCMAP geodatabase (v.10.0) containing geomorphic features digitized from a series of rectified orthophotographs (http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7TT4P04). Upland, riparian, and channel features were digitized from six available base images (1980, 1997, 2001, 2006, 2009, and 2011). This report describes the structure of the geodatabase and the methods used to delineate individual geomorphic features.
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Since dam removal, there has been interest among scientists (State and Federal), Tribes, non-profit organizations, and the general public in assessing Pacific salmon habitat and use in the White Salmon River for conservation planning and potential fishery management actions. The study area extended from the lower 6 miles of the White Salmon River to the confluence with the Columbia River, including the former reservoir area. The Mid-Columbia Fisheries Enhancement Group received a grant to initiate efforts to plan for salmon habitat protection in the lower 6 river miles of the White Salmon River. As part of efforts by the Mid-Columbia Fisheries Enhancement Group to conduct conservation planning, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) used current and historical habitat information to assist in the planning process. The USGS compiled existing georeferenced habitat data into a Geographic Information System to identify areas of high quality habitat for salmon, potential areas for restoration/improvement, and areas that could be threatened. The primary sources of georeferenced data for this project include a lidar flight contracted by PacifiCorp, bathymetry from USGS, and fall Chinook salmon redd surveys from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Redd observations provided support that the study area is a migratory corridor for salmon and steelhead and that the lowest 2–3 miles had the highest concentration of documented fall Chinook salmon redds. The study area has potential for restoration/conservation areas to improve/conserve salmon habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mid-Columbia Fisheries Enhancement Group","usgsCitation":"Hardiman, J.M., and Allen, M.B., 2015, Salmon habitat assessment for conservation planning in the lower White Salmon River, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1100, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151100.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063186","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151100.jpg"},{"id":300373,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1100/pdf/ofr2015-1100.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300372,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1100/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"White Salmon River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.51874542236328,\n 45.727753102939744\n ],\n [\n -121.52080535888672,\n 45.72589568526968\n ],\n [\n -121.52466773986816,\n 45.72613535553626\n ],\n [\n -121.5262985229492,\n 45.729071232850465\n ],\n [\n -121.52853012084961,\n 45.74368840625719\n ],\n [\n -121.5267276763916,\n 45.74728220704596\n ],\n [\n -121.53762817382814,\n 45.75740350234746\n ],\n [\n -121.5406322479248,\n 45.75884069721865\n ],\n [\n -121.54458045959473,\n 45.773210609996745\n ],\n [\n -121.52981758117676,\n 45.77991530249894\n ],\n [\n -121.52157783508301,\n 45.78015474089319\n ],\n [\n -121.51556968688965,\n 45.78745711798122\n ],\n [\n -121.50947570800781,\n 45.786140366574095\n ],\n [\n -121.51308059692381,\n 45.77788003463297\n ],\n [\n -121.52157783508301,\n 45.774228338431094\n ],\n [\n -121.52432441711424,\n 45.774168472566735\n ],\n [\n -121.53136253356934,\n 45.76614586546326\n ],\n [\n -121.53307914733888,\n 45.76620573993916\n ],\n [\n -121.52372360229491,\n 45.75267247443033\n ],\n [\n -121.51659965515138,\n 45.74842019573033\n ],\n [\n -121.51668548583984,\n 45.745425438859606\n ],\n [\n -121.51857376098634,\n 45.74440718492374\n ],\n [\n -121.51874542236328,\n 45.727753102939744\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555467a6e4b0a92fa7e94f13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardiman, Jill M. 0000-0002-3661-9695 jhardiman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3661-9695","contributorId":2672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardiman","given":"Jill","email":"jhardiman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, M. 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Smaller agglomerates that form in situ or pieces that break off of larger mats, sometimes referred to as surface residual balls (SRBs), range in size from sand-sized grains to patty-shaped pieces several centimeters (cm) in diameter. These mobile SOAs can cause beach oiling for extended periods following the spill, on the scale of years as in the case of DWH. Limited research, including a prior effort by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) investigating SOA mobility, alongshore transport, and seafloor interaction using numerical model output, focused on the physical dynamics of SOAs. To address this data gap, we constructed artificial sand and oil agglomerates (aSOAs) with sand and paraffin wax to mimic the size and density of genuine SOAs. These aSOAs were deployed in the nearshore off the coast of St. Petersburg, Florida, during a field experiment to investigate their movement and seafloor interaction. This report presents the methodology for constructing aSOAs and describes the field experiment. Data acquired during the field campaign, including videos and images of aSOA movement in the nearshore (1.5-meter and 0.5-meter water depth) and in the swash zone, are also presented in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151057","usgsCitation":"Dalyander, P., Long, J.W., Plant, N.G., McLaughlin, M.R., and Mickey, R., 2015, Field observations of artificial sand and oil agglomerates: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1057, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151057.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059854","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151057.jpg"},{"id":300346,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1057/ofr2015-1057_title-page.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":299400,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1057/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Pinellas County","city":"St. Petersberg","otherGeospatial":"Fort De Soto Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.75074005126953,\n 27.604910228553223\n ],\n [\n -82.75074005126953,\n 27.633048834227715\n ],\n [\n -82.72069931030273,\n 27.633048834227715\n ],\n [\n -82.72069931030273,\n 27.604910228553223\n ],\n [\n -82.75074005126953,\n 27.604910228553223\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55531620e4b0a92fa7e94c43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalyander, Patricia (Soupy) 0000-0001-9583-0872 sdalyander@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-0872","contributorId":5318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalyander","given":"Patricia (Soupy)","email":"sdalyander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Joseph W. 0000-0003-2912-1992 jwlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-1992","contributorId":3303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Joseph","email":"jwlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLaughlin, Molly R. 0000-0001-6962-6392 mmclaughlin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6962-6392","contributorId":4089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Molly","email":"mmclaughlin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mickey, Rangley C. rmickey@usgs.gov","contributorId":5741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mickey","given":"Rangley C.","email":"rmickey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70140149,"text":"ofr20151014 - 2015 - Near-surface stratigraphy and morphology, Mississippi Inner Shelf, northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-13T08:36:23","indexId":"ofr20151014","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-12T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1014","title":"Near-surface stratigraphy and morphology, Mississippi Inner Shelf, northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"Over the past decade, the Mississippi Barrier Islands have been the focus of a comprehensive geologic investigation by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in collaboration with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the National Park Service (NPS). The islands (Dauphin, Petite Bois, Horn, East Ship, West Ship, and Cat) are part of the Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS), and provide a diverse ecological habitat, protect the mainland from storm waves, and help maintain estuarine conditions within Mississippi Sound. Over the past century, the islands have been in a state of decline with respect to elevation and land-area loss. In 2005, the islands were severely impacted by Hurricane Katrina, which inundated them with a storm surge of 8 meters, causing severe shoreface erosion and widening breaches in Dauphin, West Ship, and Cat Islands. To evaluate the impact and fate of the islands, understanding their evolution and resiliency became a priority for the USGS under the Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility Project. The project formed the basis for collaboration with the USACE Mississippi Coastal Improvement Project, which is intended to restore portions of coastal Mississippi and GUIS affected by storm impact. Since then, many studies have contributed to our understanding of the islands’ morphology and nearshore stratigraphy. This report expands upon the nearshore component to provide a stratigraphic and morphologic assessment offshore of Petit Bois Island.
\nIn June 2013, as part of the MsCIP project, the USGS conducted a geophysical survey consisting of about 650 line-kilometers (km), encompassing an area of approximately 212 square kilometers (km2). The survey area extended from 1 to 13 km offshore of Petite Bois Island. The geophysical investigation included interferometric swath bathymetry, sidescan sonar, and chirp subbottom profiling. The intent of the survey was to provide geologic information that would assist the USACE in developing a sediment sampling strategy for identifying deposits suitable for shoreline restoration operations. The data from the geophysical survey would also further our understanding of the geologic framework along the inner shelf. Numerous seafloor and subbottom features were identified. At the surface, shoals and shelf sand sheets of various sizes and orientations are the predominant morphology. In the subsurface, Holocene- and Pleistocene-age features include marine transgressive deposits infilling older fluvia distributary systems. These interpretations from the geophysical research were integrated with sediment cores collected by the USGS and USACE to provide textural and volumetric information.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Flocks, J.G., Kindinger, J., Kelso, K.W., Bernier, J., DeWitt, N.T., and FitzHarris, M., 2015, Near-surface stratigraphy and morphology, Mississippi Inner Shelf, northern Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1014, vi, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151014.","productDescription":"vi, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057521","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151014.jpg"},{"id":300315,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1014/"},{"id":300325,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1014/pdf/ofr2015-1014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi-Alabama shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.52130889892578,\n 30.188760426055236\n ],\n [\n -88.49693298339844,\n 30.18994745521063\n ],\n [\n -88.47015380859375,\n 30.18994745521063\n ],\n [\n -88.44131469726562,\n 30.19054096442319\n ],\n [\n -88.41522216796875,\n 30.19054096442319\n ],\n [\n -88.38912963867188,\n 30.190244210264005\n ],\n [\n -88.38397979736328,\n 30.18994745521063\n ],\n [\n -88.3795166015625,\n 30.16798510022147\n ],\n [\n -88.35445404052734,\n 30.166797806444716\n ],\n [\n -88.33831787109375,\n 30.12315484326409\n ],\n [\n -88.33831787109375,\n 30.115433670851925\n ],\n [\n -88.45813751220703,\n 30.112166839280544\n ],\n [\n -88.49796295166016,\n 30.1130578040595\n ],\n [\n -88.52027893066406,\n 30.13414162471859\n ],\n [\n -88.53710174560547,\n 30.16353267482236\n ],\n [\n -88.52130889892578,\n 30.188760426055236\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55531622e4b0a92fa7e94c49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kindinger, Jack jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":139030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelso, Kyle W. 0000-0003-0615-242X kkelso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0615-242X","contributorId":4307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelso","given":"Kyle","email":"kkelso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bernier, Julie 0000-0002-9918-5353 jbernier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-5353","contributorId":3549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernier","given":"Julie","email":"jbernier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeWitt, Nancy T. 0000-0002-2419-4087 ndewitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-4087","contributorId":4095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Nancy","email":"ndewitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"FitzHarris, Michael","contributorId":139031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"FitzHarris","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12620,"text":"U.S. Army Corp. of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70144694,"text":"ofr20151045 - 2015 - Potential demographic and genetic effects of a sterilant applied to wild horse mares","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-11T13:09:55","indexId":"ofr20151045","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-11T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1045","title":"Potential demographic and genetic effects of a sterilant applied to wild horse mares","docAbstract":"Wild horse populations on western ranges can increase rapidly, resulting in the need for the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to remove animals in order to protect the habitat that horses share with numerous other species. As an alternative to removals, BLM has sought to develop a long-term, perhaps even permanent, contraceptive to aid in reducing population growth rates. With long-term (perhaps even permanent) efficacy of contraception, however, comes increased concern about the genetic health of populations and about the potential for local extirpation. We used simulation modeling to examine the potential demographic and genetic consequences of applying a mare sterilant to wild horse populations. Using the VORTEX software package, we modeled the potential effects of a sterilant on 70 simulated populations having different initial sizes (7 values), growth rates (5 values), and genetic diversity (2 values). For each population, we varied the treatment rate of mares from 0 to 100 percent in increments of 10 percent. For each combination of these treatment levels, we ran 100 stochastic simulations, and we present the results in the form of tables and graphs showing mean population size after 20 years, mean number of removals after 20 years, mean probability of extirpation after 50 years, and mean heterozygosity after 50 years. By choosing one or two combinations of initial population size, population growth rate, and genetic diversity that best represent a herd of interest, a manager can assess the likely effects of a contraceptive program by examining the output tables and graphs representing the selected conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151045","collaboration":"Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Roelle, J.E., and Oyler-McCance, S.J., 2015, Potential demographic and genetic effects of a sterilant applied to wild horse mares: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1045, 153 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151045.","productDescription":"153 p.","numberOfPages":"159","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058694","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300306,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151045.jpg"},{"id":300304,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1045/"},{"id":300305,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1045/pdf/ofr2015-1045.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.79 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551c4aae4b0a92fa7e93b92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70144853,"text":"ofr20151065 - 2015 - Results from laboratory and field testing of nitrate measuring spectrophotometers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-12T13:25:42","indexId":"ofr20151065","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-11T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1065","title":"Results from laboratory and field testing of nitrate measuring spectrophotometers","docAbstract":"Five ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer nitrate analyzers were evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF) during a two-phase evaluation. In Phase I, the TriOS ProPs (10-millimeter (mm) path length), Hach NITRATAX plus sc (5-mm path length), Satlantic Submersible UV Nitrate Analyzer (SUNA, 10-mm path length), and S::CAN Spectro::lyser (5-mm path length) were evaluated in the HIF Water-Quality Servicing Laboratory to determine the validity of the manufacturer's technical specifications for accuracy, limit of linearity (LOL), drift, and range of operating temperature. Accuracy specifications were met in the TriOS, Hach, and SUNA. The stock calibration of the S::CAN required two offset adjustments before the analyzer met the manufacturer's accuracy specification. Instrument drift was observed only in the S::CAN and was the result of leaching from the optical path insert seals. All tested models, except for the Hach, met their specified LOL in the laboratory testing. The Hach's range was found to be approximately 18 milligrams nitrogen per liter (mg-N/L) and not the manufacturer-specified 25 mg-N/L. Measurements by all of the tested analyzers showed signs of hysteresis in the operating temperature tests. Only the SUNA measurements demonstrated excessive noise and instability in temperatures above 20 degrees Celsius (°C). The SUNA analyzer was returned to the manufacturer at the completion of the Phase II field deployment evaluation for repair and recalibration, and the performance of the sensor improved significantly.
\nIn Phase II, the analyzers were deployed in field conditions at three diferent USGS sites. The measured nitrate concentrations were compared to discrete (reference) samples analyzed by the Direct UV method on a Shimadzu UV1800 bench top spectrophotometer, and by the National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI) method I-2548-11 at the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory. The first deployment at USGS site 0249620 on the East Pearl River in Hancock County, Mississippi, tested the ability of the TriOs ProPs (10-mm path length), Hach NITRATAX (5 mm), Satlantic SUNA (10 mm), and the S::CAN Spectro::lyser (5 mm) to accurately measure low-level (less than 2 mg-N/L) nitrate concentrations while observing the effect turbidity and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) would have on the analyzers' measurements. The second deployment at USGS site 01389005 Passaic River below Pompton River at Two Bridges, New Jersey, tested the analyzer's accuracy in mid-level (2-8 mg-N/L) nitrate concentrations. This site provided the means to test the analyzers' performance in two distinct matrices—the Passaic and the Pompton Rivers. In this deployment, three instruments tested in Phase I (TriOS, Hach, and SUNA) were deployed with the S::CAN Spectro::lyser (35 mm) already placed by the New Jersey Water Science Center (WSC). The third deployment at USGS site 05579610 Kickapoo Creek at 2100E Road near Bloomington, Illinois, tested the ability of the analyzers to measure high nitrate concentrations (greater than 8 mg-N/L) in turbid waters. For Kickapoo Creek, the HIF provided the TriOS (10 mm) and S::CAN (5 mm) from Phase I, and a SUNA V2 (5 mm) to be deployed adjacent to the Illinois WSC-owned Hach (2 mm). A total of 40 discrete samples were collected from the three deployment sites and analyzed. The nitrate concentration of the samples ranged from 0.3–22.2 mg-N/L. The average absolute difference between the TriOS measurements and discrete samples was 0.46 mg-N/L. For the combined data from the Hach 5-mm and 2-mm analyzers, the average absolute difference between the Hach samples and the discrete samples was 0.13 mg-N/L. For the SUNA and SUNA V2 combined data, the average absolute difference between the SUNA samples and the discrete samples was 0.66 mg-N/L. The average absolute difference between the S::CAN samples and the discrete samples was 0.63 mg-N/L.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151065","usgsCitation":"Snazelle, T., 2015, Results from laboratory and field testing of nitrate measuring spectrophotometers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1065, v, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151065.","productDescription":"v, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057525","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151065.jpg"},{"id":300294,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1065/pdf/ofr2015-1065.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300293,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1065/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551c4aae4b0a92fa7e93b94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snazelle, Teri T. tsnazelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":5663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snazelle","given":"Teri T.","email":"tsnazelle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70144854,"text":"ofr20151063 - 2015 - Evaluation of Xylem EXO water-quality sondes and sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-11T11:41:57","indexId":"ofr20151063","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-11T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1063","title":"Evaluation of Xylem EXO water-quality sondes and sensors","docAbstract":"Two models of multiparameter sondes manufactured by Xylem, parent company of Yellow Springs Incorporated (YSI)—EXO1 and EXO2—equipped with EXO conductivity/temperature (C/T), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and turbidity sensors, were evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility. The sondes and sensors were evaluated in two phases for compliance with the manufacturer’s specifications and the USGS acceptance criteria for continuous water-quality monitors. Phase one tested the accuracy of the water-quality sondes equipped: (a) with a C/T, pH, DO, and turbidity sensor by comparing the EXO sensors’ measured values to those of an equivalently configured YSI 6920 V2-2 sensor, and (b) with multiple sensors of the same parameter type (such as three pH sensors and a C/T sensor) on a single sonde at room temperature and at an extended temperature range. In addition to accuracy, the communication protocols and the manufacturing specifications for range of detection and operating temperature were also tested during this phase. Phase two evaluated the sondes’ performance in a surface-water environment by deploying an EXO1 and an EXO2 equipped with pH, C/T, DO, and turbidity sensors at USGS site 02492620 located at East Pearl River near Bay Saint Louis, Mississippi. The EXO sondes’ temperature deviations from a certified YSI 4600 digital thermometer were within the ±0.2 degree Celsius (°C) USGS criteria, but were greater than the ±0.01 °C manufacturing specification. The conductivity sensors met the ±3 percent USGS criteria for specific conductance greater than 100 microsiemens per centimeter. The sensors met the more stringent ±0.5 percent manufacturing specification only at room temperature in the 250 microsiemens per centimeter (µS/cm) standard. The manufacturing and USGS criteria (±0.2 pH unit) were met in pH standards 4, 9.2, 10, and 12.45, but were not met in pH 1.68 standard. The DO sensors met both the ±0.3 milligram per liter (mg/L) USGS criteria and the ±1 percent manufacturing specification. The ±5 percent USGS criteria for turbidity in waters not exceeding 2,000 formazin nephelometric units (FNU) were met by the five turbidity sensors tested; however, all five sensors failed to meet these requirements at turbidities exceeding 2,000 FNU. The more stringent ±2 percent manufacturing turbidity specification for water with less than 1,000 FNU was met by only one of the five sensors tested. The results from the field deployment indicated acceptable agreement in temperature, specific conductance, pH, and DO between the EXO sondes, the site sonde, and the reference sonde. The EXO1 and EXO2 turbidity measurements differed from the site sonde by approximately 23 and 25 percent, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151063","usgsCitation":"Snazelle, T., 2015, Evaluation of Xylem EXO water-quality sondes and sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1063, vi, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151063.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057551","costCenters":[{"id":339,"text":"Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300291,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1063/pdf/ofr2015-1063.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300290,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1063/"},{"id":300292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151063.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551c4a8e4b0a92fa7e93b90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snazelle, Teri T. tsnazelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":5663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snazelle","given":"Teri T.","email":"tsnazelle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70147544,"text":"ofr20151086 - 2015 - Gravity data from the Sierra Vista Subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T14:27:38","indexId":"ofr20151086","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-08T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1086","title":"Gravity data from the Sierra Vista Subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona","docAbstract":"Observations of very small changes of Earth’s gravitational field (time-lapse gravity) provide a direct, non-invasive method for measuring changes in aquifer storage change. An existing network of gravity stations in the Sierra Vista Subwatershed was revised in 2014 to better understand the spatial distribution of changes in aquifer storage, especially with relation to ephemeral channel recharge and a groundwater cone of depression associated with pumping in the greater Sierra Vista area. In addition, the network was extended to provide baseline data for possible future enhanced-recharge projects.
\nThis report (1) summarizes changes to the Sierra Vista Subwatershed regional time-lapse gravity network with respect to station locations and (2) presents 2014 and 2015 gravity measurements and gravity values at each station. A prior gravity network, established between 2000 and 2005, was revised in 2014 to cover a larger number of stations over a smaller geographic area in order to decrease measurement and interpolation uncertainty. The network currently consists of 59 gravity stations, including 14 absolute-gravity stations. Following above-average rainfall during summer 2014, gravity increased at all but one of the absolute-gravity stations that were observed in both June 2014 and January 2015. This increase in gravity indicates increased groundwater storage in the aquifer and (or) unsaturated zone as a result of rainfall and infiltration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, J.R., 2015, Gravity data from the Sierra Vista Subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1086, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151086.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063495","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151086.JPG"},{"id":337238,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7SQ8XHX","text":"Gravity change from 2014 to 2015, Sierra Vista Subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona"},{"id":300166,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1086/"},{"id":300168,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1086/pdf/ofr2015-1086.pdf","size":"4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Upper San Pedro Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.37483215332031,\n 31.357741484720663\n ],\n [\n -110.37483215332031,\n 31.65221239429719\n ],\n [\n -110.0830078125,\n 31.65221239429719\n ],\n [\n -110.0830078125,\n 31.357741484720663\n ],\n [\n -110.37483215332031,\n 31.357741484720663\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"554dd01be4b082ec54129eeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-3365-6589 jkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-6589","contributorId":2172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}