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The approximate area inundated near Fort Worth, Texas, by Big Fossil Creek, during the flood of September 7, 1962, is shown on a topographic map to record the flood hazard in graphic form. Big Fossil Creek, which drains an area of 74.7 square miles, flows generally southeastward along the northeast edge of Fort Worth through Richland Hills and Haltom City, into West Fork Trinity River. The flood of September 7, 1962, the greatest in Richland Hills since at least 1900 was the result of a high rate of discharge from the area upstream from the confluence of Big Fossil Creek and Whites Branch. Greater floods are possible, but no attempt has been made to show their probable overflow limits. Future protective works may reduce the frequency of flooding in the area but will not necessarily eliminate flooding. Changes in culture such as new highways and bridges and changes in land use may influence the inundation pattern of future floods. Mapping of the West Fork Trinity River flood was beyond the scope of the Big Fossil Creek study, and is not shown.

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In this atlas, mineralized ground water is viewed presently as a source of water in some areas, but in much of the country as a source for future development. Mineralized water underlies large areas of the country, and its importance will grow as present supplies of fresh water are appropriated and developed. The potential uses fall in two main categories: (1) direct use in industrial processes, such as cooling, or for irrigation, where a moderate mineral content may not be a disadvantage; and (2) use after demineralization or dilution to whatever degree may be required by the intended user. It is clearly more efficient to produce and process water of moderate mineralization at points of use, where available in adequate amounts, than it is to process ocean water and pump it many miles from the sea.

\n

The Geological Survey, as a part of its responsibility to describe the water resources of the United States, has surveyed the known occurrences of mineralized ground water in the conterminous United States. The results are shown on the maps (sheets 1 and 2).

\n

This atlas was prepared to meet needs for information on the distribution and availability of mineralized water as expressed by Government agencies, private industries, and consultants. The maps are one step in providing an inventory of mineralized water of the Nation and will serve as a planning guide for further investigations and for development. They are necessarily generalized in many places owing to the complexity of the occurrence of the mineralized water, lack of detailed information for parts of the nation, and the difficulties inherent in attempts to put three-dimensional information on maps.

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This Hydrologic Atlas shows concentrations of calcium, sodium (or sodium plus potassium), sulfate, and chloride in stream water of 11 of the Western States, regardless of the sources from which the mineral constituents came. The maps are, in a sense, a historical summary, showing concentrations observed to 1956 and reported in published references. Data on chemical quality of stream water has been obtained at various times and at various places; for no single year does the record even approach complete coverage of the area shown on the maps. It was necessary, therefore, to combine the records of many years in order to achieve this summary.

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No abstract available.

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These water-level records: (1) provide an index to available ground-water supplies; (2) facilitate the prediction of trends in water levels that will indicate likely changes in storage; (3) aid in the prediction of the base flow of streams; (4) provide information for use in basic research; (5) provide long-time continuous records of fluctuations of water levels in representative wells; and (6) serve as a framework to which other types of hydrologic data my be related.\r\nPrior to 1956, measurements of water levels in observation wells in Oklahoma were included in water-supply papers published annually by the U.S. Geological Survey. Beginning with the 1956 calendar year, however, Geological Survey water-level reports will contain only records of a selected network of observation wells, and will be published at 5-year intervals. The first of this series, for the 1956-59 period was published in 1962.\r\n\r\nThis report has been prepared primarily to present water-level records of wells not included in the Federal network. However, for the sake of completeness it includes water-level records of Federal wells that either have been or will be published in water-supply papers since 1955. This report, which contains water-level records for the 2-year period (1963-64), is the third of a series presenting water-level records for all permanent observations wells in Oklahoma. The first report, published in 1963, contains water-level records for the 5-year period of (1956-60). The second report, published in 1964, contains water-level records for the 2-year period (1961-62.)\r\n\r\n(available as photostat copy only)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr65184","usgsCitation":"Wood, P., 1965, Ground-water levels in observation wells in Oklahoma, 1963-64: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 65-184, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr65184.","productDescription":"82 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66757e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, P.R.","contributorId":102068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68192,"text":"ha201 - 1965 - Water resources of the Middle River Watershed, Northwestern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:02:46","indexId":"ha201","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"201","title":"Water resources of the Middle River Watershed, Northwestern Minnesota","docAbstract":"

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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ha201","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Waters","usgsCitation":"Maclay, R., Winter, T.C., and Pike, G., 1965, Water resources of the Middle River Watershed, Northwestern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 201, 3 Plates: 47.73 x 39.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha201.","productDescription":"3 Plates: 47.73 x 39.50 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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No abstract available.

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The purpose of the ground-water investigation of Dane County, Wis., was to determine the occurrence, movement, quantity, quality, and availability of ground water in the unconsolidated deposits and the underlying bedrock. The relationships between ground water and surface water were studied in general in Dane County and in detail in the Madison metropolitan area. An analysis was made of the hydrologic system of the Yahara River valley and of the effects of ground-water pumpage on that system.

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The increasing use of ground water from many major aquifers in the United States has required a more thorough understanding of gravity drainage, or specific yield. This report describes one phase of specific yield research by the U.S. Geological Survey's Hydrologic Laboratory in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources.

An earlier phase of the research concentrated on the final distribution of moisture retained after drainage of saturated columns of porous media. This report presents the phase that concentrated on the distribution of moisture retained in similar columns after drainage for various periods of time.

Five columns, about 4 cm in diameter by 170 cm long, were packed with homogenous sand of very fine, medium, and coarse sizes, and one column was packed with alternating layers of coarse and medium sand. The very fine materials were more uniform in size range than were the medium materials. As the saturated columns drained, tensiometers installed throughout the length recorded changes in moisture tension. The relation of tension to moisture content, determined for each of the materials, was then used to convert the tension readings to moisture content. Data were then available on the distribution of retained moisture for different periods of drainage from 1 to 148 hours. Data also are presented on the final distribution of moisture content by weight and volume and on the degree of saturation.

The final zone of capillary saturation was approximately 12 cm for coarse sand, 13 cm for medium sand, and 52 cm for very fine sand. The data showed these zones were 92 to 100 percent saturated.

Most of the outflow from the columns occurred in the earlier hours of drainage--90 percent in 1 hour for the coarse materials, 50 percent for the medium, and 60 percent for the very fine. Although the largest percentage of the specific yield was reached during the early hours of drainage, this study amply demonstrates that a very long time would be required to reach drainage equilibrium.

In the layered columns the middle (medium sand) layer functioned as a hanging water column accelerating the drainage of the overlying coarse-sand layer. After the middle layer started to drain, the moisture distribution as retained in all three layers showed trends similar to that obtained when the same materials were tested in homogenous columns.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1662B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Prill, R.C., Johnson, A., and Morris, D.A., 1965, Specific yield - laboratory experiments showing the effect of time on column drainage: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1662, iv, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1662B.","productDescription":"iv, 55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1662b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28778,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1662b/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64853b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prill, Robert C.","contributorId":86317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prill","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, A.I.","contributorId":82676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, Donald Arthur","contributorId":13960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":6064,"text":"pp502A - 1965 - The hydrology and mineralogy of Deep Springs Lake, Inyo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:54","indexId":"pp502A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"502","chapter":"A","title":"The hydrology and mineralogy of Deep Springs Lake, Inyo County, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp502A","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.F., 1965, The hydrology and mineralogy of Deep Springs Lake, Inyo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 502, p. A1-A56, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp502A.","productDescription":"p. A1-A56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104480,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4516.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4516"},{"id":118039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0502a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33061,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0502a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33062,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0502a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33063,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0502a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a86e4b07f02db64da15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Blair F. bfjones@usgs.gov","contributorId":2784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Blair","email":"bfjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":152044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1909,"text":"wsp1796 - 1965 - Geology and water resources of Portage County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-22T18:54:59.782431","indexId":"wsp1796","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1796","title":"Geology and water resources of Portage County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"

Portage County has abundant resources of generally good quality water and, although water problems exist locally, depletion or general scarcity of water is not likely in the foreseeable future.

\n

The county receives annually about 31 inches of precipitation, of which about 21 inches is lost as evaportranspiration. The average annual water yield is about 10.6 inches and consists of about 10.3 inches of runoff to streams, about 0.2 inch of water which leaves the county as underflow, and about 0.1 inch of water which is used consumptively.

\n

The surface-water resources include 104 lakes, about 110 miles of streams that discharge about 600 cfs (cubic feet per second) to the Wisconsin, Waupaca, and Little Wolf Rivers, and the Wisconsin River which has an average flow of about 2.400 cfs. Extensive deposits of outwash sand and gravel, sandy till, and alluvium release annually about 460 cfs of ground water to the streams.

\n

The principal source of ground water is thick deposits of glacial drift that occur over all but the northwestern part of the county. Although as much as 100 feet of sandstone underlies the drift in the southern part, it is not an important aquifer. Impermeable crystalline rocks of Precambrian age underlie all the aquifers and limit the downward movement of water.

\n

The county has been divided into areas having similar geologic and hydrologic conditions. These areas are here named the \"sand-plain province,\" the \"drift province,\" and the \"drift-crystalline-rock province.\" The sand-plain province and the eastern part of the drift province have the greatest potential for development of large ground-water supplies. Wells yielding 1,000 to 2,000 gpm (gallons per minute) can be developed in the sand-plain province and wells yielding about 500 gpm can be developed in the drift province. Nearly all the communities in the county have water resources adequate for future expansion. An exception to this is Junction City where only a limited supply of poor quality water is readily available. Additional supplies can be developed from ground water in the Mill Creek area or from the Wisconsin River.

\n

In the sand-plain and drift provinces, ground-water runoff is about 9 inches a year and surface runoff is about 1 inch a year and of short duration. In the drift-crystalline-rock province, however, ground-water runoff is about 2 inches a year and surface runoff is about 8 inches a year and varies greatly in rate of flow.

\n

Surface and ground water are closely interrelated throughout the county and constitute a single resource. Streams, lakes, and marshes are the visible part of the ground-water surface and ground water moves slowly and continuously toward these surface points of discharge.

\n

Pumping for irrigation has temporarily lowered water levels in the vicinity of wells but has not lowered regional water levels. Pumpage has intercepted and utilized some of the recharge that would have been rapidly discharged from the aquifer, but it has not materially depleted the flow of streams. The 1955-59 decline in water levels and lake stages is attributed to a deficiency in precipitation and not to the increased pumpage from irrigation wells. To prevent excessive declines in water levels, high-capacity wells should be adequately spaced about 2,500 feet between wells pumping 1,000 gpm for 90 days.

\n

In the Stevens Point area, heavy pumping of wells near the Plover River induces recharge to ground water and thus reduces local declines in the water level.

\n

The chemical quality of ground water is generally good, but, locally, hard water and undesirable amounts of iron require treatment.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1796","usgsCitation":"Holt, C., 1965, Geology and water resources of Portage County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1796, Report: v, 77 p.; 2 Plates: 34.00 x 41.50 inches and 34.50 x 32.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1796.","productDescription":"Report: v, 77 p.; 2 Plates: 34.00 x 41.50 inches and 34.50 x 32.00 inches","numberOfPages":"83","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27213,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1796/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27212,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1796/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27214,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1796/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":397414,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24983.htm"},{"id":138563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1796/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Portage County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.2234,44.6814],[-89.2231,44.5916],[-89.2235,44.504],[-89.2238,44.4174],[-89.2242,44.3308],[-89.2245,44.2433],[-89.2469,44.2438],[-89.3464,44.2439],[-89.3649,44.2439],[-89.4835,44.244],[-89.488,44.244],[-89.5977,44.2458],[-89.606,44.2458],[-89.717,44.2475],[-89.7247,44.2479],[-89.7243,44.3372],[-89.7259,44.4239],[-89.7268,44.5114],[-89.8447,44.5116],[-89.8451,44.5983],[-89.8449,44.6849],[-89.7268,44.6852],[-89.608,44.6853],[-89.4899,44.6858],[-89.346,44.6812],[-89.2234,44.6814]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Portage\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holt, Charles Lee Roy","contributorId":19139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holt","given":"Charles Lee Roy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2475,"text":"wsp1809N - 1965 - Effects of waste water from A.E.C. plant on the hydrology of Glowegee Creek at West Milton, New York, 1958-61","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp1809N","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1809","chapter":"N","title":"Effects of waste water from A.E.C. plant on the hydrology of Glowegee Creek at West Milton, New York, 1958-61","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1809N","usgsCitation":"Pauszek, F.H., and Ruggles, F., 1965, Effects of waste water from A.E.C. plant on the hydrology of Glowegee Creek at West Milton, New York, 1958-61: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1809, iv, 29 p. :ill., map ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1809N.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill., map ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809n/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28551,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809n/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fc24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pauszek, F. H.","contributorId":61399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pauszek","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruggles, Frederick H.","contributorId":96665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggles","given":"Frederick H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":940,"text":"wsp1576F - 1965 - Geology and hydrology of the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp1576F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1576","chapter":"F","title":"Geology and hydrology of the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation, Montana","docAbstract":"The Fort Belknap Indian Reservation includes an area of 970 square miles in north-central Montana. At its north edge is the Milk River valley, which is underlain by Recent alluvium of the Milk River, glacial deposits, and alluvial deposits of the preglacial Missouri River, which carved and occupied this valley before the Pleistocene Epoch. Rising gently to the south is an undulating glaciated plain broken only by three small syenite porphyry intrusions. Underlying the glacial till of the plain are Upper Cretaceous shale and sandstone of the Bearpaw and Judith River Formations. At the south end of the reservation, 40 miles from the Milk River, an intrusion of syenite porphyry in Tertiary time uplifted, tilted, and exposed the succession of sedimentary rocks overlying the Precambrian metamorphic basement. The sedimentary rocks include 1,000 feet of sandstone and shale of Cambrian age; 2,000 feet of limestone and dolomite of Ordovician, Devonian, and Mississippian age; 400 feet of shale and limestone of Jurassic age; and 3,500 feet of sandstone, siltstone, and shale of Cretaceous age. Extensive gravel terraces of Tertiary and Quaternary age bevel the upturned bedrock formations exposed around the Little Rocky Mountains. \r\n\r\nGround water under water-table conditions is obtained at present from alluvium, glaciofluvial deposits, and the Judith River Formation. The water table ranges in depth from a few feet beneath the surface in the Milk River valley alluvium to more than 100 feet deep in the Judith River Formation. Yields to wells are generally low but adequate for domestic and stock-watering use. Quality of the water ranges from highly mineralized and unusable to excellent; many wells in the Milk River valley have been abandoned because of the alkalinity of their water. Potential sources of additional ground-water supplies are the alluvial gravel of creeks issuing from the Little Rocky Mountains and some extensive areas of terrace gravel. \r\n\r\nThe uplift and tilting of the sedimentary sequence around the Little Rocky Mountains and the minor intrusions in the central plain have created artesian conditions within aquifers. Wells obtain artesian water from sandstone aquifers in the Judith River, Eagle, and Kootenai Formations. Other potential aquifers, near their outcrop areas, are the Ellis Group and the Mission Canyon Limestone. \r\n\r\nMost wells that flow at the surface have small yields, but discharges of as much as 150 gallons per minute have been noted. Quality of artesian water ranges from poor to good. Well depths range from less than 50 to more than 300 feet.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"United States Government Printing Office,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1576F","usgsCitation":"Alverson, D.C., 1965, Geology and hydrology of the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1576, iv, 59 p. :ill. ;24 cm. & 1 map in pocket., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1576F.","productDescription":"iv, 59 p. :ill. ;24 cm. & 1 map in pocket.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109989,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24758.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24758"},{"id":137217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1576f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25425,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1576f/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25426,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1576f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b468d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alverson, Douglas C.","contributorId":68286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alverson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2330,"text":"wsp1809F - 1965 - Geology and hydrology of the Claiborne Group in western Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:19","indexId":"wsp1809F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1809","chapter":"F","title":"Geology and hydrology of the Claiborne Group in western Tennessee","docAbstract":"The area of western Tennessee underlain by the Claiborne Group is about 7,200 square miles and lies on the east flank of the syncline that forms the Mississippi embayment. It includes the Mississippi Alluvial Plain and part of a dissected upland plateau. The Claiborne Group dips to the northwest at 10-25 feet per mile and ranges in altitude from 600 feet above mean sea level in the outcrop area to 900 feet below mean sea level near the embayment axis. The Claiborne Group is tentatively subdivided into five units including, in ascending order, the Meridian Sand Member of the Tallahatta Formation, the Basic City Shale Member of the Tallahatta Formation, the Sparta Sand, an unnamed clay unit, and an unnamed sand unit. The two major aquifers in the Claiborne Group are the '500-foot' sand and the unnamed sand unit. The top of the '500-foot' sand is correlated with the top of the Sparta Sand; and the base, with the base of the Claiborne Group. The '500-foot' sand ranges in thickness from 200 to 750 feet and consists mainly of very fine to coarse sand or gravel. It also contains layers of white to blue, pink, gray, or brown clay, which constitute only a small percentage of the total thickness. The unnamed sand unit ranges from 0 to 210 feet in thickness and consists mostly of white, gray, or brown fine-grained lignitic sand. An estimated 75 percent of the ground water withdrawn in western Tennessee (west of the northward-flowing segment of the Tennessee River) is taken from the '500-foot' sand and the unnamed sand unit. \r\n\r\nThe quantities of water available to wells from the '500-foot' sand are currently adequate for all municipal and industrial needs. The permeability of this aquifer is about 570 gallons per day per square foot. An estimated 155 mgd (million gallons per day) is pumped from the '500-foot' sand, about 140 mgd is discharged from the aquifer as the base flow of surface streams, and about 40 mgd is discharged from the report area as underflow. Water from the '500-foot' sand contains objectionable quantities of iron in the western half of the report area. Otherwise the quality of the water is suitable for most needs. \r\n\r\nQuantities of water adequate for domestic use and for small municipal systems can be obtained from the unnamed sand unit in most of the report area. The field permeability of this aquifer is probably about 270 gallons per day per square foot. About 8 mgd is discharged into adjacent formations, and about 2 mgd is withdrawn by pumping. Water from the unnamed sand unit contains objectionable quantities of iron in the western half of the report area. Otherwise the water from this aquifer is of good quality. \r\n\r\nGround-water supplies in both the '500-foot' sand and the unnamed sand unit will be adequate for the predicted rate of municipal growth and economic development for many years to come. If the hydraulic gradient in the '500-foot' sand were increased to 19 feet per mile, the average dip of the top of the aquifer, about 578 mgd would be transmitted downdip. Similarly, the unnamed sand unit would transmit about 34 mgd downdip \r\nunder a hydraulic gradient of 10 feet per mile. Furthermore, additional \r\namounts of water could be induced into the report area as underflow from \r\nadjacent States. \r\n\r\nThe anticipated effects of additional large scale development are (1) a drop in local and regional water levels in proportion to the increase in pumpage, (2) an increase in the net inflow of ground water from adjacent States, and (3) an increase of recharge to the aquifers at the expense of streamflow.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1809F","usgsCitation":"Moore, G.K., 1965, Geology and hydrology of the Claiborne Group in western Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1809, v, 44 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1809F.","productDescription":"v, 44 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28174,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809f/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28175,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809f/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28176,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809f/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28177,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809f/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28178,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809f/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28179,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809f/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28180,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809f/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28181,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809f/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28182,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4676","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Gerald K.","contributorId":14377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2731,"text":"wsp1675 - 1965 - Magnitude and frequency of floods in the United States, part 3–A. Ohio River Basin except Cumberland and Tennessee River Basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T19:39:09.768844","indexId":"wsp1675","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1675","title":"Magnitude and frequency of floods in the United States, part 3–A. Ohio River Basin except Cumberland and Tennessee River Basins","docAbstract":"

This report presents a means of determining the probable magnitude and frequency of floods of any recurrence interval from 1.1 to 50 years at most points on streams in the Ohio River basin except Cumberland and Tennessee River basins.

Curves are defined that show the relation between the drainage area and the mean annual flood in eight hydrologic areas, and composite frequency curves define the relation of a flood of any recurrence interval from 1.1 to 50 years to the mean annual flood.

These two relations are based upon gaging-station records having 10 or more years of record not materially affected by storage or diversion, and the results obtainable from them will represent the magnitude and frequency of natural floods within the range and recurrence intervals defined by the base data.

The report also contains a compilation of flood records at all sites in the area at which records have been collected for 5 or more consecutive years. As far as was possible at each location for which discharge has been determined, the tabulations include all floods above a selected base. Where only gage heights have been obtained or where the data did not warrant computation of peach discharges above a selected base, only annual peaks are shown.

The maximum known flood discharges for the streamflow stations and miscellaneous points except Ohio River main stem stations, together with areal floods of 10- and 50-year recurrence intervals, are plotted against the size of drainage area for each flood region and hydrologic area to provide a convenient means of judging the frequency of the maximum known floods that have been recorded for these points.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1675","usgsCitation":"Speer, P.R., and Gamble, C.R., 1965, Magnitude and frequency of floods in the United States, part 3–A. Ohio River Basin except Cumberland and Tennessee River Basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1675, Report: xiv, 630 p.; 1 Plate: 42.75 × 30.11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1675.","productDescription":"Report: xiv, 630 p.; 1 Plate: 42.75 × 30.11 inches","numberOfPages":"645","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290244,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1675/report.pdf"},{"id":395465,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24884.htm"},{"id":290243,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1675/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Ohio River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.5,\n 36.15\n ],\n [\n -78,\n 36.15\n ],\n [\n -78,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 36.15\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6495d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Speer, Paul R.","contributorId":24768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":510665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gamble, Charles R.","contributorId":6822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamble","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":510664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3558,"text":"cir497 - 1965 - The Clinch River study--An investigation of the fate of radionuclides released to a surface stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:21","indexId":"cir497","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"497","title":"The Clinch River study--An investigation of the fate of radionuclides released to a surface stream","docAbstract":"The Clinch River Study is a multiagency effort to evaluate the physical, chemical, and biological effects of the release to de Clinch River of low-level radioactive wastes from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The major radionuclides released are ruthenium-106, cesium-137, cobalt-60, and strontium-90. Hydrologic and biologic studies have indicated that the radiation doses in the river are well below maximum acceptable levels. Radionuclide concentrations in river water have been measured at seven sampling stations on the Clinch and Tennessee Rivers. Mass-balance calculations for 44 weeks of sampling indicate that losses of radionuclides from the water phase to the river-bottom sediments represent only a very small part of the total radioactivity released to the river. \r\n\r\nA study of the Clinch River bottom-sediment cores collected in 1962 has disclosed a recurring pattern of variation in radioactivity with depth which may reflect past events in waste-disposal operations at the laboratory. Current investigations are expected to provide information about the chemical forms in which the major radionuclides exist and the mechanisms by which they were incorporated in the sediments.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir497","usgsCitation":"Pickering, R., Carrigan, P., and Parker, F., 1965, The Clinch River study--An investigation of the fate of radionuclides released to a surface stream: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 497, iv, 12 p. :ill., graphs, map ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir497.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p. :ill., graphs, map ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1965/0497/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30577,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1965/0497/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f51e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pickering, R.J.","contributorId":103253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickering","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carrigan, P.H.","contributorId":85160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrigan","given":"P.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, F.L.","contributorId":79455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2864,"text":"wsp1809G - 1965 - Ground-water resources of North Park and Middle Park, Colorado — A reconnaissance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T22:30:14.240529","indexId":"wsp1809G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1809","chapter":"G","title":"Ground-water resources of North Park and Middle Park, Colorado — A reconnaissance","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1964","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1809G","usgsCitation":"Voegeli, P., 1965, Ground-water resources of North Park and Middle Park, Colorado — A reconnaissance: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1809, Report: iv, 54 p.; 2 Plates: 19.50 × 30.00 inches and 16.00 × 31.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1809G.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 54 p.; 2 Plates: 19.50 × 30.00 inches and 16.00 × 31.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394546,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25006.htm"},{"id":29472,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29471,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809g/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29470,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809g/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809g/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Middle Park, North Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.656,\n 39.392\n ],\n [\n -105.75,\n 39.392\n ],\n [\n -105.75,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -106.656,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -106.656,\n 39.392\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d604","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voegeli, Paul T.","contributorId":19937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voegeli","given":"Paul T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1159,"text":"wsp1795 - 1965 - Water resources of the Humboldt River Valley near Winnemucca, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:12","indexId":"wsp1795","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1795","title":"Water resources of the Humboldt River Valley near Winnemucca, Nevada","docAbstract":"This report, resulting from studies made by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of the interagency Humboldt River Research Project, describes the qualitative and quantitative relations among the components of the hydrologic system in the Winnemucca Reach of the Humboldt River valley. The area studied includes the segment of the Humboldt River valley between the Comus and Rose Creek gaging stations. It is almost entirely in Humboldt County in north-central Nevada, and is about 200 miles downstream from the headwaters of the Humboldt River. \r\n\r\nAgriculture is the major economic activity in the area. Inasmuch as the valley lowlands receive an average of about 8 inches of precipitation per year and because the rate of evaporation from free-water surfaces is about six times the average annual precipitation, all crops in the area (largely forage crops) are irrigated. About 85 percent of the cultivated land is irrigated with Humboldt River water; the remainder is irrigated from about 20 irrigation wells. \r\n\r\nThe consolidated rocks of the uplifted fault-block mountains are largely barriers to the movement of ground water and form ground-water and surface-water divides. Unconsolidated deposits of late Tertiary and Quaternary age underlie the valley lowlands to a maximum depth of about 5,000 feet. These deposits are in hydraulic continuity with the Humboldt River and store and transmit most of the economically recoverable ground water. Included in the valley fill is a highly permeable sand and gravel deposit having a maximum thickness of about 90-100 feet; it underlies the flood plain and bordering terraces throughout most of the project area. This deposit is almost completely saturated and contains about 500,000 acre-feet of ground water in storage. The Humboldt River is the source of 90-95 percent of the surface-water inflow to the area. In water years 1949-62 the average annual streamflow at the Comus gaging station at the upstream margin of the area was 172,100 acre-feet; outflow at the Rose Creek gaging station averaged about 155,400 acre-feet. Accordingly, the measured loss of Humboldt River streamflow averaged nearly 17,000 acre-feet per year. Most of this water was transpired by phreatophytes and crops, evaporated from free-water surfaces, and evaporated from bare soil. \r\n\r\nInasmuch as practically no tributary streamflow normally discharges into the river in the Winnemucca reach and because pumpage is virtually negligible during the nonirrigation season, gains and losses of streamflow during most of the year reflect the close interrelation of the Humboldt River and the groundwater reservoir. An estimated average of about 14,000 acre-feet per year of ground-water underflow moves toward the Humboldt River from tributary areas. Much of this water discharges into the Humboldt River; hovever, some evaporates or is transpired before reaching the river. \r\n\r\nMore than 65 percent of the average annual flow of the river horn-ally occurs in April, May, and June owing to the spring runoff. The stage of the river generally rises rapidly during these months causing water to move from the river to the ground-water reservoir. Furthermore, the period of high streamflow normally coincides with the irrigation season, and much of the excess irrigation water diverted from the river percolates downward to the zone of saturation. \r\n\r\nThe net measured loss of streamflow in April-June, which averaged about 24,000 acre-feet in water years 1949-62, was about 7,000 acre-feet more than the average annual loss. The estimated net average annual increase of ground water in storage during these months in this period was on the order of 10,000 acre-feet. Following the spring runoff and the irrigation season, normally in July, some of the ground water stored in the flood-plain deposits during the spring runoff begins to discharge into the river. In addition, ground-water inflow from tributary areas again begins to discharge into the river. \r\n\r\nExperiments utilizin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U. S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1795","usgsCitation":"Cohen, P.M., 1965, Water resources of the Humboldt River Valley near Winnemucca, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1795, ix, 143 p. :and portfolio (7 fold. maps, 3 col.) ;illus., map24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1795.","productDescription":"ix, 143 p. :and portfolio (7 fold. maps, 3 col.) ;illus., map24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110019,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24982.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24982"},{"id":137347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1795/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25967,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1795/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25968,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1795/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25969,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1795/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25970,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1795/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25971,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1795/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25972,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1795/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25973,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1795/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25974,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1795/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e8e4b07f02db5e8e59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohen, Philip M.","contributorId":67860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}