{"pageNumber":"630","pageRowStart":"15725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40807,"records":[{"id":70055694,"text":"sir20135186 - 2013 - Organic wastewater compounds in water and sediment in and near restored wetlands, Great Marsh, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, 2009–11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-21T10:52:40","indexId":"sir20135186","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-21T10:38:39","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5186","title":"Organic wastewater compounds in water and sediment in and near restored wetlands, Great Marsh, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, 2009–11","docAbstract":"A cooperative investigation between the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service was completed from 2009 through 2011 to understand the occurrence, distribution, and environmental processes affecting concentrations of organic wastewater compounds in water and sediment in and near Great Marsh at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore in Beverly Shores, Indiana. Sampling sites were selected to represent hydrologic inputs to the restored wetlands from adjacent upstream residential and less developed areas and to represent discharge points of cascading cells within the restored wetland. A multiphase approach was used for the investigation. Discrete water samples and time-integrated passive samples were analyzed for 69 organic wastewater compounds. Continuous water-level information and periodic streamflow measurements characterized flow conditions at discharge points from restored wetland cells. Wetland sediments were collected and analyzed for sorptive losses of organic wastewater compounds and to evaluate of the potential for wetland sediments to biotransform organic wastewater compounds.  A total of 52 organic wastewater compounds were detected in discrete water samples at 1 or more sites. Detections of organic wastewater compounds were widespread, but concentrations were generally low and 95 percent were less than 2.1 micrograms per liter. Six compounds were detected at concentrations greater than 2.1 micrograms per liter—four fecal sterols (beta-sitosterol, cholesterol, beta-stigmastanol, and 2-beta coprostanol), one plasticizer (bis-2-ethylhex ylphthalate), and a non-ionic detergent (4-nonylphenol diethoxylate). Two 1-month deployments of time-integrative passive samplers, called polar organic chemical integrative samplers, detected organic wastewater compounds at lower concentrations than were possible with discrete water samples. Isopropyl benzene (solvent), caffeine (plant alkaloid, stimulant), and hexahydrohexamethyl cyclopentabenzopyran (fragrance) were detected in more than half of the extracts from passive samplers, but they were not detected in any discrete water sample. The Yeast Estrogen Screen assay identified measurable estrogenicity in one passive sampler extract from the most downstream wetland site in both the April and November–December 2011 deployments and in passive sampler extracts from one residential and one upstream site in the November–December 2011 deployment only.  Surface-water levels in the restored wetland cells were monitored continuously using submersible pressure transducers in hand-driven well points screened in the surface water. Surface-water levels in the wetland cells responded quickly to precipitation and substantially receded within 2 days following the largest rainfall events. Seasonal patterns in water levels generally showed higher and more variable surface-water levels in the wetland cells during spring and early summer. Water levels in the wetland cells fell below the elevation of the control structures and ceased to flow over the spillways during extended dry periods (primarily late summer and early fall).  Daily loads of seven organic wastewater compounds, as indicators of septic system effluent, were estimated for samples collected at wetland outlet spillways when flow measurements could be made. Median daily loads of the indicator organic wastewater compounds increased in downstream order, and the largest median loads were measured at the most downstream site. Median daily loads were higher for samples collected in spring and summer than those collected in fall, as the higher seasonal water levels increased streamflow at the wetland outlet spillways.  Wetland sediment samples were analyzed for 84 organic wastewater compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and semivolatile organic compounds to investigate the fate of contaminants in Great Marsh. The top five detected compounds by total mass in wetland sediment samples were beta-sitosterol, beta-stigmastanol, cholesterol, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and phenol. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons also were frequently detected in wetland sediment samples. Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon detections indicated atmospheric sources of pyrogenic compounds, rather than residential sources. Comparisons of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in wetland sediment samples to sediment quality target guidelines indicated the potential for harmful effects on sediment-dwelling organisms at several sites.  Biodegradation of select endocrine-disrupting compounds (17α-ethinylestradiol, 4-nonylphenol, triclocarban, and bisphenol A) in shallow wetland sediments was evaluated in laboratory experiments by using carbon-14 radiolabeled model contaminants. Substantial biodegradation of certain organic wastewater compounds were demonstrated, primarily in oxic (oxygen containing) environments. One of four modeled compounds, bisphenol A, was biodegraded in anoxic (oxygen free) environments. Only sediments collected nearest residential areas exhibited degradation of the synthetic birth control pharmaceutical, 17α-ethinylestradiol, possibly owing to adaptation and acclimation of the indigenous microbial community to septic discharge and the resultant selection of a microbial capability for biodegradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135186","collaboration":"National Park Service / U.S. Geological Survey–Water Quality Partnership Program","usgsCitation":"Egler, A.L., Risch, M.R., Alvarez, D., and Bradley, P.M., 2013, Organic wastewater compounds in water and sediment in and near restored wetlands, Great Marsh, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, 2009–11: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5186, Report: viii, 52 p.; 3 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135186.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 52 p.; 3 Appendices","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-039563","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135186.jpg"},{"id":279323,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5186/table/sir2013-5186_Appendix_tables_2-1_to_2-2.xls"},{"id":279321,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5186/pdf/sir2013-5186.pdf"},{"id":279322,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5186/table/sir2013-5186_Appendix_tables_1-1_to_1-6.xls"},{"id":279324,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5186/table/sir2013-5186_Appendix_table_3-1.xls"},{"id":279317,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5186/"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 16","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Great Marsh;Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -8.1175,4.018055555555556 ], [ -8.1175,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -8.102222222222222,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -8.102222222222222,4.018055555555556 ], [ -8.1175,4.018055555555556 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528f53cbe4b0660d392bed7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Egler, Amanda L. 0000-0001-5621-6810","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5621-6810","contributorId":103221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Egler","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risch, Martin R. 0000-0002-7908-7887 mrrisch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7908-7887","contributorId":2118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risch","given":"Martin","email":"mrrisch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alvarez, David A.","contributorId":72755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70056510,"text":"70056510 - 2013 - Climate change and fire effects on a prairie-woodland ecotone: projecting species range shifts with a dynamic global vegetation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-29T12:57:53","indexId":"70056510","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-21T09:58:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change and fire effects on a prairie-woodland ecotone: projecting species range shifts with a dynamic global vegetation model","docAbstract":"Large shifts in species ranges have been predicted under future climate scenarios based primarily on niche-based species distribution models. However, the mechanisms that would cause such shifts are uncertain. Natural and anthropogenic fires have shaped the distributions of many plant species, but their effects have seldom been included in future projections of species ranges. Here, we examine how the combination of climate and fire influence historical and future distributions of the ponderosa pine–prairie ecotone at the edge of the Black Hills in South Dakota, USA, as simulated by MC1, a dynamic global vegetation model that includes the effects of fire, climate, and atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration on vegetation dynamics. For this purpose, we parameterized MC1 for ponderosa pine in the Black Hills, designating the revised model as MC1-WCNP. Results show that fire frequency, as affected by humidity and temperature, is central to the simulation of historical prairies in the warmer lowlands versus woodlands in the cooler, moister highlands. Based on three downscaled general circulation model climate projections for the 21st century, we simulate greater frequencies of natural fire throughout the area due to substantial warming and, for two of the climate projections, lower relative humidity. However, established ponderosa pine forests are relatively fire resistant, and areas that were initially wooded remained so over the 21st century for most of our future climate x fire management scenarios. This result contrasts with projections for ponderosa pine based on climatic niches, which suggest that its suitable habitat in the Black Hills will be greatly diminished by the middle of the 21st century. We hypothesize that the differences between the future predictions from these two approaches are due in part to the inclusion of fire effects in MC1, and we highlight the importance of accounting for fire as managed by humans in assessing both historical species distributions and future climate change effects.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.877","usgsCitation":"King, D.A., Bachelet, D.M., and Symstad, A., 2013, Climate change and fire effects on a prairie-woodland ecotone: projecting species range shifts with a dynamic global vegetation model: Ecology and Evolution, v. 3, no. 15, p. 5076-5097, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.877.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"5076","endPage":"5097","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044811","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.877","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":279312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279311,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.877"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Wind Cave National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.550635,43.497251 ], [ -103.550635,43.640543 ], [ -103.337034,43.640543 ], [ -103.337034,43.497251 ], [ -103.550635,43.497251 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528f53aee4b0660d392bed66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, David A.","contributorId":7160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bachelet, Dominique M.","contributorId":89042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachelet","given":"Dominique","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Symstad, Amy J.","contributorId":11721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70056139,"text":"sir20125208 - 2013 - Evaluation of intake efficiencies and associated sediment-concentration errors in US D-77 bag-type and US D-96-type depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:48:11","indexId":"sir20125208","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-21T09:29:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5208","title":"Evaluation of intake efficiencies and associated sediment-concentration errors in US D-77 bag-type and US D-96-type depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers","docAbstract":"Accurate measurements of suspended-sediment concentration require suspended-sediment samplers to operate isokinetically, within an intake-efficiency range of 1.0 ± 0.10, where intake efficiency is defined as the ratio of the velocity of the water through the sampler intake to the local ambient stream velocity. Local ambient stream velocity is defined as the velocity of the water in the river at the location of the nozzle, unaffected by the presence of the sampler. Results from Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project (FISP) laboratory experiments published in the early 1940s show that when the intake efficiency is less than 1.0, suspended-sediment samplers tend to oversample sediment relative to water, leading to potentially large positive biases in suspended-sediment concentration that are positively correlated with grain size. Conversely, these experiments show that, when the intake efficiency is greater than 1.0, suspended‑sediment samplers tend to undersample sediment relative to water, leading to smaller negative biases in suspended-sediment concentration that become slightly more negative as grain size increases.\n\nThe majority of FISP sampler development and testing since the early 1990s has been conducted under highly uniform flow conditions via flume and slack-water tow tests, with relatively little work conducted under the greater levels of turbulence that exist in actual rivers. Additionally, all of this recent work has been focused on the hydraulic characteristics and intake efficiencies of these samplers, with no field investigations conducted on the accuracy of the suspended-sediment data collected with these samplers. When depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers are deployed under the more nonuniform and turbulent conditions that exist in rivers, multiple factors may contribute to departures from isokinetic sampling, thus introducing errors into the suspended-sediment data collected by these samplers that may not be predictable on the basis of flume and tow tests alone.\n\nThis study has three interrelated goals. First, the intake efficiencies of the older US D-77 bag-type and newer, FISP-approved US D-96-type1 depth-integrating suspended‑sediment samplers are evaluated at multiple cross‑sections under a range of actual-river conditions. The intake efficiencies measured in these actual-river tests are then compared to those previously measured in flume and tow tests. Second, other physical effects, mainly water temperature and the duration of sampling at a vertical, are examined to determine whether these effects can help explain observed differences in intake efficiency both between the two types of samplers and between the laboratory and field tests. Third, the signs and magnitudes of the likely errors in suspendedsand concentration in measurements made with both types of samplers are predicted based the intake efficiencies of these two types of depth-integrating samplers. Using the relative difference in isokinetic sampling observed between the US D-77 bag-type and D-96-type samplers during river tests, measured differences in suspended-sediment concentration in a variety of size classes were evaluated between paired equal-discharge-increment (EDI) and equal-width-increment (EWI) measurements made with these two types of samplers to determine whether these differences in concentration are consistent with the differences in concentrations expected on the basis of the 1940s FISP laboratory experiments. In addition, sequential single-vertical depth-integrated samples were collected (concurrent with velocity measurements) with the US D-96-type bag sampler and two different rigidcontainer samplers to evaluate whether the predicted errors in suspended-sand concentrations measured with the US D-96- type sampler are consistent with those expected on the basis of the 1940s FISP laboratory experiments.\n\nResults from our study indicate that the intake efficiency of the US D-96-type sampler is superior to that of the US D-77 bag-type sampler under actual-river conditions, with overall performance of the US D-96-type sampler being closer to, yet still typically below, the FISP-acceptable range of isokinetic operation. These results are in contrast to the results from FISP-conducted flume tests that showed that both the US D-77 bag-type and US D-96-type samplers sampled isokinetically in the laboratory. Results from our study indicate that the single largest problem with the behavior of both the US D-77 bag-type and the US D-96-type samplers under actual‑river conditions is that both samplers are prone to large time‑dependent decreases in intake efficiency as sampling duration increases. In the case of the US D-96-type sampler, this problem may be at least partially overcome by shortening the duration of sampling (or, instead, perhaps by a simple design improvement); in the case of the US D-77 bag-type sampler, although shortening the sampling duration improves the intake efficiency, it does not bring it into agreement with the FISP‑accepted range of isokinetic operation.\n\nThe predicted errors in suspended-sand concentration in EDI or EWI measurements made with the US-96-type sampler are much smaller than those associated with EDI or EWI measurements made with the US D-77 bag-type sampler, especially when the results are corrected for the effects of water temperature and sampling duration. The bias in the concentration in each size class measured using the US D-77 bag-type relative to the concentration measured using the US D-96-type sampler behaves in a manner consistent with that expected on the basis of the observed differences in intake efficiency between the two samplers in conjunction with the results from the 1940s FISP laboratory experiments. In addition, the bias in the concentration in each size class measured using the US D-96‑type sampler relative to the concentration measured using the truly isokinetic rigid-container samplers is in excellent agreement with that predicted on the basis of the 1940s FISP laboratory experiments. Because suspended-sediment samplers can respond differently between laboratory and field conditions, actual-river tests such as those in this study should be conducted when models of suspended-sediment samplers are changed from one type to another during the course of long-term monitoring programs. Otherwise, potential large differences in the suspended-sediment data collected by different types of samplers would lead to large step changes in sediment loads that may be misinterpreted as real, when, in fact, they are associated with the change in suspended‑sediment sampling equipment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125208","issn":"2328-0328","usgsCitation":"Sabol, T., and Topping, D.J., 2013, Evaluation of intake efficiencies and associated sediment-concentration errors in US D-77 bag-type and US D-96-type depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5208, viii, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125208.","productDescription":"viii, 88 p.","numberOfPages":"100","ipdsId":"IP-027819","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279306,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125208.jpg"},{"id":279305,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5208/pdf/sir2012-5208.pdf"},{"id":279302,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5208/"}],"projection":"North America Albers Equal Area","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arizona;Nevada;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon;Marble Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,35.5 ], [ -114.5,37.5 ], [ -111.0,37.5 ], [ -111.0,35.5 ], [ -114.5,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528f53c9e4b0660d392bed6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sabol, Thomas A.","contributorId":67186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabol","given":"Thomas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70057382,"text":"70057382 - 2013 - Location-only and use-availability data: analysis methods converge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-22T13:40:17","indexId":"70057382","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-20T13:34:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Location-only and use-availability data: analysis methods converge","docAbstract":"This Special Feature arose from a session on a topic of the same name that took place during The Wildlife Society meeting in Kona, Hawaii, from 5 to 10 November, 2011. The purpose of that session and this Special Feature is to compare methods for predictive modelling of species geographical distributions and the modelling of habitat (resource) selection by animals. The predictive modelling of species geographical distributions and the modelling of habitat selection based on the environmental conditions at sites where animals are known to occur are essentially the same problem. Presence-only and used-available data\nboth consist of a sample of locations with known presence of a species or an individual. A separate sample of locations from a study area, with unknown presence (pseudo-absence), is also assumed to exist. The probability or relative probability of presence of a species or individual is modelled and estimated across a certain time implicitly defined by the sampling mechanism, for example, by the time period during which museum specimens or radiotelemetry data were collected. A number of modelling methods have appeared in the literature over the last couple of decades. Many of these methods were made feasible\nby the availability of geographical information systems (GIS), global positioning system (GPS) radiotelemetry and public online data access initiatives (e.g. global biodiversity information facility). The papers in this Special Feature are intended to present the state of the methodological art in their subject area, with particular attention paid to contrasting the advantages and disadvantages of alternative methods of analysis for data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Animal Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"British Ecologyical Society","doi":"10.1111/1365-2656.12145","usgsCitation":"McDonald, L., Manly, B., Huettmann, F., and Thogmartin, W., 2013, Location-only and use-availability data: analysis methods converge: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 82, no. 6, p. 1120-1124, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12145.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1120","endPage":"1124","ipdsId":"IP-051603","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12145","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":279605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279604,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12145"},{"id":279584,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2656.12145/abstract"}],"volume":"82","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52908b09e4b0bbdcf23f092c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, Lyman","contributorId":23588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Lyman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manly, Bryan","contributorId":64292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manly","given":"Bryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huettmann, Falk","contributorId":15663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huettmann","given":"Falk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne","contributorId":36974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70049067,"text":"fs20133105 - 2013 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T16:01:54","indexId":"fs20133105","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-20T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3105","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Alabama","docAbstract":"<p>Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Alabama, elevation data are critical for flood risk management; infrastructure and construction management; wildfire management, planning, and response; natural resources conservation; geologic resource assessment and hazards mitigation; and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.</p>\n<p>The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 ifsar data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The new 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Office of Management and Budget Circular A-16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation&rsquo;s natural and constructed features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133105","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2013, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3105, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133105.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052248","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279233,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133105.jpg"},{"id":279231,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3105/"},{"id":279232,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3105/pdf/fs2013-3105.pdf","text":"Report","size":"461 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-87.984916,35.005881],[-87.851886,35.005656],[-87.671405,35.003537],[-87.391314,35.002374],[-86.972613,34.99461],[-86.862147,34.991956],[-86.676726,34.99207],[-86.528485,34.990677],[-86.467798,34.990692],[-86.397203,34.99166],[-85.824411,34.988142],[-85.605165,34.984678],[-85.595191,34.924331],[-85.561416,34.750079],[-85.534327,34.625082],[-85.527261,34.588683],[-85.517074,34.542598],[-85.51393,34.525192],[-85.47045,34.328239],[-85.42947,34.125096],[-85.428222,34.114397],[-85.406748,34.002314],[-85.377426,33.856047],[-85.357402,33.750104],[-85.304439,33.482884],[-85.232378,33.108077],[-85.188741,32.889727],[-85.18474,32.870527],[-85.184131,32.870525],[-85.184914,32.868944],[-85.1844,32.861317],[-85.179353,32.855269],[-85.177127,32.853895],[-85.165569,32.85209],[-85.163427,32.851431],[-85.161615,32.849948],[-85.159638,32.844018],[-85.159474,32.839735],[-85.164651,32.834791],[-85.168342,32.828516],[-85.168644,32.814246],[-85.167939,32.811612],[-85.162137,32.804237],[-85.151913,32.794104],[-85.134676,32.782166],[-85.132186,32.778897],[-85.13203,32.776718],[-85.13312,32.773449],[-85.136544,32.769402],[-85.138412,32.764576],[-85.138879,32.760062],[-85.138101,32.753836],[-85.136077,32.749633],[-85.132186,32.74652],[-85.124092,32.741694],[-85.1202,32.737647],[-85.119577,32.734223],[-85.119733,32.72644],[-85.122738,32.715727],[-85.117037,32.692033],[-85.114737,32.685634],[-85.112637,32.683434],[-85.104037,32.679634],[-85.093536,32.669734],[-85.088483,32.657758],[-85.089736,32.655635],[-85.09457,32.652443],[-85.097952,32.645474],[-85.098259,32.642708],[-85.09662,32.638199],[-85.088934,32.635432],[-85.086167,32.633177],[-85.086065,32.631435],[-85.087192,32.628463],[-85.088627,32.626619],[-85.088319,32.623032],[-85.087294,32.62047],[-85.08224,32.616264],[-85.080768,32.610152],[-85.080288,32.603577],[-85.076399,32.594665],[-85.067535,32.579546],[-85.022509,32.542923],[-85.020237,32.534748],[-85.015805,32.528428],[-85.013788,32.526108],[-85.008396,32.524876],[-85.0071,32.523868],[-85.001532,32.514741],[-84.998332,32.494142],[-84.996732,32.492342],[-84.994831,32.486042],[-84.995231,32.475242],[-84.998231,32.469842],[-84.998031,32.461743],[-84.995331,32.453243],[-84.993531,32.450743],[-84.983831,32.445643],[-84.971831,32.442843],[-84.967031,32.435343],[-84.96303,32.424244],[-84.96343,32.422544],[-84.97183,32.416244],[-84.979431,32.412244],[-84.981098,32.402833],[-84.97752,32.39687],[-84.976767,32.392648],[-84.979028,32.38918],[-84.980385,32.385561],[-84.978739,32.376271],[-84.980084,32.373347],[-84.982949,32.371387],[-84.983552,32.368371],[-84.983466,32.363186],[-84.986778,32.359058],[-85.004582,32.345196],[-85.008096,32.336677],[-85.007103,32.328362],[-85.001874,32.322015],[-84.989514,32.319316],[-84.93868,32.300708],[-84.9338,32.29826],[-84.922872,32.285333],[-84.911127,32.276949],[-84.904023,32.273749],[-84.893959,32.265846],[-84.890894,32.261504],[-84.891131,32.25961],[-84.892315,32.258189],[-84.901549,32.255584],[-84.904087,32.250838],[-84.907227,32.24905],[-84.912488,32.247463],[-84.913249,32.24529],[-84.912727,32.24335],[-84.916327,32.236551],[-84.920627,32.233951],[-84.922627,32.231751],[-84.923527,32.229751],[-84.922927,32.224751],[-84.925427,32.221551],[-84.930127,32.219051],[-84.939328,32.217951],[-84.948995,32.217849],[-84.957057,32.21671],[-84.958985,32.215571],[-84.965733,32.208823],[-84.966784,32.206895],[-84.966928,32.204451],[-84.965032,32.200585],[-84.964944,32.19892],[-84.965032,32.196642],[-84.966828,32.193952],[-84.995929,32.184852],[-85.008531,32.181903],[-85.011267,32.180493],[-85.026583,32.166104],[-85.033989,32.156348],[-85.045593,32.143758],[-85.058749,32.136018],[-85.061144,32.134065],[-85.06206,32.132486],[-85.06154,32.129673],[-85.05918,32.125153],[-85.055045,32.113671],[-85.053777,32.107684],[-85.04955,32.095362],[-85.047063,32.090433],[-85.047063,32.087389],[-85.04774,32.084908],[-85.053232,32.080604],[-85.055813,32.074439],[-85.054084,32.07021],[-85.054179,32.067985],[-85.05683,32.059755],[-85.05663,32.054155],[-85.05883,32.046656],[-85.05803,32.043756],[-85.055333,32.04058],[-85.054839,32.038814],[-85.054627,32.036694],[-85.056464,32.031819],[-85.056253,32.028336],[-85.053214,32.024189],[-85.053214,32.021576],[-85.054768,32.017407],[-85.053815,32.013502],[-85.055075,32.010714],[-85.063441,32.00414],[-85.064544,32.002489],[-85.06803,31.993357],[-85.06833,31.986757],[-85.07093,31.981658],[-85.06993,31.978358],[-85.066829,31.974758],[-85.065929,31.971158],[-85.067829,31.967358],[-85.07023,31.965658],[-85.07393,31.964158],[-85.08323,31.962458],[-85.08573,31.960758],[-85.08673,31.959158],[-85.08683,31.957758],[-85.08243,31.945358],[-85.07893,31.941459],[-85.07893,31.940159],[-85.08473,31.937359],[-85.08643,31.935959],[-85.09183,31.928859],[-85.09953,31.925259],[-85.10133,31.918659],[-85.10243,31.917359],[-85.10913,31.914359],[-85.113131,31.911859],[-85.112731,31.909859],[-85.10983,31.90806],[-85.10803,31.90516],[-85.11133,31.89936],[-85.11063,31.89686],[-85.11203,31.89476],[-85.114031,31.89336],[-85.117031,31.89286],[-85.132931,31.89306],[-85.134131,31.89216],[-85.133731,31.88956],[-85.129331,31.88246],[-85.128431,31.87756],[-85.133731,31.870061],[-85.135831,31.862461],[-85.140131,31.858761],[-85.140731,31.857461],[-85.140231,31.855261],[-85.138031,31.851262],[-85.137731,31.845861],[-85.138331,31.844161],[-85.141331,31.841061],[-85.141831,31.839261],[-85.139231,31.834161],[-85.135931,31.830462],[-85.133631,31.826062],[-85.131331,31.817562],[-85.131531,31.813062],[-85.132931,31.808062],[-85.132831,31.798862],[-85.132231,31.795162],[-85.132931,31.792363],[-85.137131,31.788363],[-85.141931,31.781963],[-85.140431,31.779663],[-85.12633,31.768863],[-85.12523,31.767063],[-85.12563,31.764463],[-85.129231,31.758663],[-85.12393,31.747564],[-85.11893,31.732664],[-85.12223,31.722764],[-85.12573,31.718864],[-85.12653,31.716764],[-85.12683,31.708965],[-85.12553,31.694965],[-85.12233,31.691265],[-85.11393,31.686865],[-85.11263,31.685165],[-85.10943,31.677465],[-85.092429,31.659966],[-85.083545,31.656071],[-85.082013,31.65473],[-85.080864,31.652336],[-85.085173,31.644101],[-85.085365,31.642186],[-85.084503,31.639026],[-85.080029,31.636867],[-85.073829,31.629567],[-85.067628,31.625267],[-85.059534,31.621717],[-85.058169,31.620227],[-85.057527,31.616883],[-85.060418,31.611271],[-85.060552,31.608224],[-85.059696,31.607262],[-85.057314,31.606713],[-85.055976,31.605178],[-85.058109,31.593343],[-85.05844,31.58369],[-85.055417,31.578696],[-85.055284,31.577092],[-85.057719,31.573062],[-85.05796,31.57084],[-85.052931,31.56289],[-85.050838,31.555551],[-85.045698,31.548707],[-85.042547,31.545953],[-85.041305,31.540987],[-85.041813,31.537754],[-85.042983,31.5352],[-85.047196,31.528671],[-85.048263,31.526012],[-85.047649,31.523751],[-85.044556,31.520908],[-85.044986,31.51823],[-85.052951,31.506518],[-85.058923,31.495989],[-85.062105,31.488017],[-85.065687,31.484122],[-85.071621,31.468384],[-85.069268,31.453472],[-85.066703,31.447286],[-85.065955,31.442979],[-85.065875,31.430586],[-85.06697,31.428594],[-85.068546,31.427311],[-85.072898,31.426477],[-85.074762,31.424879],[-85.076746,31.415971],[-85.079818,31.411732],[-85.079978,31.410472],[-85.077387,31.402844],[-85.077626,31.39888],[-85.080403,31.393932],[-85.082431,31.38454],[-85.092167,31.364576],[-85.092619,31.357474],[-85.091791,31.355207],[-85.09099,31.354428],[-85.087413,31.354428],[-85.085918,31.353146],[-85.087063,31.340317],[-85.08781,31.337981],[-85.089411,31.336033],[-85.088983,31.334292],[-85.084152,31.328313],[-85.083776,31.31821],[-85.087404,31.311223],[-85.087695,31.304053],[-85.089774,31.295026],[-85.09316,31.289688],[-85.099107,31.284165],[-85.110309,31.281733],[-85.112762,31.280037],[-85.114601,31.277333],[-85.114548,31.276302],[-85.112546,31.274378],[-85.111905,31.272477],[-85.111983,31.267987],[-85.113261,31.264343],[-85.112352,31.25958],[-85.109149,31.254609],[-85.102472,31.23786],[-85.098844,31.232524],[-85.096763,31.225651],[-85.098707,31.219511],[-85.098704,31.211286],[-85.106963,31.202693],[-85.108133,31.195637],[-85.107516,31.186451],[-85.106503,31.185305],[-85.104424,31.18565],[-85.102052,31.184734],[-85.098507,31.180153],[-85.100207,31.16549],[-85.092106,31.160293],[-85.083582,31.15963],[-85.077801,31.157889],[-85.076628,31.156927],[-85.070181,31.14868],[-85.064028,31.142495],[-85.06243,31.139518],[-85.061072,31.134225],[-85.054677,31.120818],[-85.052867,31.119489],[-85.050178,31.118916],[-85.035615,31.108192],[-85.032832,31.10057],[-85.029736,31.096163],[-85.026068,31.08418],[-85.028573,31.074583],[-85.018148,31.059253],[-85.012642,31.055402],[-85.011392,31.053546],[-85.008816,31.045573],[-85.009409,31.032378],[-85.005051,31.024701],[-85.004549,31.01918],[-84.999428,31.013843],[-84.999626,31.009079],[-85.001366,31.005044],[-85.002368,31.000682],[-85.243632,31.000884],[-85.498272,30.996928],[-85.749619,30.995292],[-85.749932,30.994837],[-85.998643,30.99287],[-86.035039,30.99332],[-86.116918,30.992917],[-86.238335,30.99437],[-86.289247,30.993798],[-86.36927,30.994477],[-86.49995,30.99334],[-86.512834,30.9937],[-86.519938,30.993245],[-86.563436,30.995223],[-86.706261,30.994703],[-86.725379,30.996872],[-86.74524,30.99629],[-86.830497,30.997401],[-86.92781,30.997704],[-87.039989,30.999594],[-87.053737,30.999131],[-87.118873,30.999427],[-87.124969,30.998802],[-87.140755,30.999532],[-87.237685,30.996393],[-87.25498,30.998285],[-87.301567,30.998434],[-87.458658,30.998386],[-87.51952,30.997586],[-87.598928,30.997457],[-87.599172,30.995722],[-87.596722,30.98761],[-87.593395,30.982959],[-87.592676,30.98014],[-87.594164,30.977572],[-87.594111,30.976335],[-87.589187,30.964464],[-87.592055,30.951492],[-87.59689,30.941131],[-87.598299,30.938793],[-87.600691,30.937074],[-87.602684,30.934277],[-87.607811,30.92449],[-87.6102,30.916628],[-87.611847,30.914541],[-87.614209,30.908536],[-87.616013,30.901453],[-87.620715,30.89893],[-87.622203,30.897508],[-87.622519,30.89368],[-87.620922,30.889923],[-87.620788,30.887494],[-87.622062,30.885408],[-87.6244,30.884696],[-87.629454,30.880115],[-87.634938,30.865886],[-87.628245,30.860131],[-87.626228,30.857127],[-87.62538,30.854355],[-87.627323,30.847961],[-87.626075,30.846494],[-87.624137,30.845713],[-87.617281,30.840353],[-87.615367,30.837031],[-87.615923,30.834693],[-87.605776,30.831304],[-87.60163,30.82514],[-87.600486,30.820627],[-87.594297,30.816984],[-87.58787,30.815037],[-87.581869,30.812403],[-87.576849,30.808163],[-87.572043,30.800532],[-87.56814,30.799088],[-87.564209,30.796246],[-87.560068,30.792258],[-87.559484,30.790447],[-87.554838,30.787125],[-87.552051,30.786254],[-87.545044,30.778666],[-87.545364,30.774105],[-87.54616,30.77202],[-87.536528,30.761383],[-87.535416,30.75476],[-87.535365,30.749775],[-87.532607,30.743489],[-87.523613,30.738306],[-87.511729,30.733535],[-87.505153,30.726313],[-87.502317,30.72159],[-87.497515,30.720123],[-87.487036,30.7185],[-87.481225,30.716508],[-87.479819,30.71495],[-87.479579,30.712865],[-87.474429,30.706586],[-87.470397,30.705281],[-87.467717,30.701683],[-87.466338,30.700835],[-87.456948,30.69756],[-87.451404,30.699806],[-87.44358,30.694604],[-87.439814,30.690479],[-87.436021,30.688668],[-87.430372,30.688645],[-87.424883,30.683374],[-87.419527,30.679981],[-87.412739,30.678055],[-87.406958,30.675165],[-87.406561,30.674019],[-87.407118,30.671796],[-87.405874,30.666616],[-87.400707,30.657148],[-87.397262,30.654351],[-87.396177,30.650454],[-87.397185,30.648117],[-87.393588,30.63088],[-87.393775,30.627006],[-87.395659,30.623372],[-87.39643,30.617734],[-87.39643,30.616909],[-87.395026,30.615281],[-87.397308,30.608728],[-87.39927,30.605611],[-87.404597,30.603389],[-87.406558,30.599928],[-87.408736,30.583701],[-87.412712,30.573227],[-87.414513,30.573456],[-87.416261,30.572448],[-87.418354,30.570043],[-87.418513,30.569561],[-87.416951,30.568003],[-87.41666,30.566306],[-87.418647,30.561837],[-87.422408,30.560439],[-87.423362,30.561425],[-87.426037,30.560073],[-87.427891,30.554159],[-87.431441,30.550263],[-87.43544,30.54914],[-87.446586,30.527068],[-87.446427,30.520306],[-87.444944,30.514943],[-87.445182,30.51398],[-87.446499,30.513569],[-87.447782,30.511913],[-87.447702,30.510458],[-87.444714,30.507494],[-87.44322,30.506782],[-87.43969,30.506649],[-87.431178,30.495795],[-87.430578,30.491096],[-87.432978,30.484896],[-87.435578,30.480496],[-87.434678,30.479196],[-87.431578,30.477696],[-87.430578,30.476596],[-87.429578,30.470596],[-87.425078,30.465596],[-87.414677,30.457296],[-87.407877,30.456396],[-87.404677,30.452897],[-87.399877,30.450997],[-87.396877,30.450597],[-87.391976,30.451597],[-87.381176,30.450097],[-87.370768,30.446865],[-87.36868,30.444631],[-87.366939,30.44048],[-87.366591,30.436648],[-87.368191,30.433407],[-87.371169,30.43049],[-87.386376,30.420497],[-87.395676,30.417597],[-87.403477,30.410198],[-87.408877,30.408798],[-87.419177,30.410198],[-87.422677,30.410098],[-87.426177,30.409198],[-87.429578,30.406498],[-87.431778,30.403198],[-87.434278,30.397498],[-87.437278,30.395898],[-87.440678,30.391498],[-87.440878,30.386698],[-87.438678,30.382098],[-87.438678,30.380798],[-87.441823,30.376304],[-87.449078,30.370399],[-87.451378,30.367199],[-87.451978,30.360299],[-87.450962,30.346262],[-87.452278,30.344099],[-87.459978,30.3363],[-87.462978,30.334],[-87.464878,30.3333],[-87.475579,30.3314],[-87.491879,30.3309],[-87.49998,30.328957],[-87.502572,30.327405],[-87.504701,30.324039],[-87.505943,30.319396],[-87.50578,30.3125],[-87.50468,30.308901],[-87.50278,30.307301],[-87.494879,30.305001],[-87.483679,30.304801],[-87.481879,30.306001],[-87.475879,30.3079],[-87.462978,30.3078],[-87.459578,30.3083],[-87.455578,30.3102],[-87.450078,30.3111],[-87.452378,30.300201],[-87.49998,30.287901],[-87.51838,30.283901],[-87.518324,30.280435],[-87.544533,30.275659],[-87.558097,30.274437],[-87.581362,30.269257],[-87.656888,30.249709],[-87.73553,30.240679],[-87.80056,30.229365],[-87.838462,30.227185],[-87.926119,30.230373],[-87.962253,30.229522],[-87.999996,30.225753],[-88.014572,30.222366],[-88.028401,30.221132],[-88.029272,30.222714],[-88.023991,30.23039],[-87.966847,30.235618],[-87.948979,30.256564],[-87.936041,30.261469],[-87.918247,30.253308],[-87.913762,30.247837],[-87.90046,30.241531],[-87.893201,30.239237],[-87.879343,30.23859],[-87.860085,30.240289],[-87.817743,30.254292],[-87.802087,30.253054],[-87.78775,30.254244],[-87.766626,30.262353],[-87.755263,30.277292],[-87.755516,30.291217],[-87.772758,30.311701],[-87.796717,30.324198],[-87.809266,30.332702],[-87.82988,30.353809],[-87.837239,30.369324],[-87.845132,30.377446],[-87.853806,30.378481],[-87.865017,30.38345],[-87.906343,30.40938],[-87.908908,30.41424],[-87.914136,30.446144],[-87.920031,30.470645],[-87.924211,30.4761],[-87.931902,30.4811],[-87.933355,30.487357],[-87.911141,30.525848],[-87.905343,30.537566],[-87.901711,30.550879],[-87.904168,30.565985],[-87.907891,30.573114],[-87.911431,30.576261],[-87.914956,30.585893],[-87.91253,30.615795],[-87.919346,30.63606],[-87.93107,30.652694],[-87.936717,30.657432],[-87.955989,30.658862],[-87.981196,30.67509],[-88.008396,30.684956],[-88.012444,30.68319],[-88.022076,30.673873],[-88.026706,30.66149],[-88.034588,30.653715],[-88.044339,30.652568],[-88.061998,30.644891],[-88.059598,30.619091],[-88.053998,30.612491],[-88.064898,30.588292],[-88.074898,30.578892],[-88.085493,30.563258],[-88.081617,30.546317],[-88.082792,30.528713],[-88.090734,30.52357],[-88.100874,30.50975],[-88.103768,30.500903],[-88.102988,30.493029],[-88.096867,30.471053],[-88.100646,30.46122],[-88.106437,30.452738],[-88.10407,30.4273],[-88.107274,30.377246],[-88.115432,30.35657],[-88.124611,30.341623],[-88.128052,30.338509],[-88.136173,30.320729],[-88.155775,30.327184],[-88.171967,30.324679],[-88.191542,30.317002],[-88.195664,30.321242],[-88.198361,30.338819],[-88.196353,30.343586],[-88.188532,30.345053],[-88.188527,30.348124],[-88.200065,30.362378],[-88.204495,30.362102],[-88.260695,30.382381],[-88.282635,30.382876],[-88.290649,30.370741],[-88.311608,30.368908],[-88.316525,30.369985],[-88.319599,30.380334],[-88.332277,30.38844],[-88.341345,30.38947],[-88.364022,30.388006],[-88.374671,30.385608],[-88.395023,30.369425],[-88.403547,30.5331],[-88.407462,30.631653],[-88.41863,30.866528],[-88.419562,30.875186],[-88.438211,31.231252],[-88.43878,31.252654],[-88.451045,31.459448],[-88.451575,31.481533],[-88.459478,31.621652],[-88.464425,31.697881],[-88.465107,31.722312],[-88.473227,31.893856],[-88.43865,32.172806],[-88.428278,32.250143],[-88.413819,32.373922],[-88.4125,32.380025],[-88.403789,32.44977],[-88.373338,32.711825],[-88.368349,32.747656],[-88.354292,32.87513],[-88.330934,33.073125],[-88.317135,33.184123],[-88.315235,33.203323],[-88.312535,33.220923],[-88.277421,33.512436],[-88.267148,33.591989],[-88.254622,33.69578],[-88.252257,33.719568],[-88.244142,33.781673],[-88.243025,33.79568],[-88.240054,33.810879],[-88.210741,34.029199],[-88.190678,34.190123],[-88.18762,34.204778],[-88.186667,34.220952],[-88.165634,34.383102],[-88.156292,34.463214],[-88.134263,34.62266],[-88.118407,34.724292],[-88.116418,34.746303],[-88.10756,34.811628],[-88.097888,34.892202],[-88.099999,34.894095],[-88.125038,34.902227],[-88.136692,34.907592],[-88.146335,34.914374],[-88.154617,34.922392],[-88.161594,34.933456],[-88.176106,34.962519],[-88.179973,34.967466],[-88.187429,34.974909],[-88.198811,34.991192],[-88.202959,35.008028],[-87.984916,35.005881]]],[[[-88.124658,30.28364],[-88.086812,30.259864],[-88.074854,30.249119],[-88.075856,30.246139],[-88.078786,30.245039],[-88.109432,30.242097],[-88.120151,30.246149],[-88.137083,30.249179],[-88.166569,30.249255],[-88.20854,30.244807],[-88.280571,30.230274],[-88.304773,30.228031],[-88.313323,30.230024],[-88.310025,30.233233],[-88.299705,30.231812],[-88.280781,30.233781],[-88.25837,30.239595],[-88.224615,30.245559],[-88.17335,30.252418],[-88.158303,30.252393],[-88.141143,30.255024],[-88.130631,30.262125],[-88.124722,30.273541],[-88.124658,30.28364]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Alabama\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a6407be4b0a6d6958826e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70056319,"text":"70056319 - 2013 - Obligate brood parasites show more functionally effective innate immune responses: an eco-immunological hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-19T13:18:17","indexId":"70056319","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-19T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1602,"text":"Evolutionary Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Obligate brood parasites show more functionally effective innate immune responses: an eco-immunological hypothesis","docAbstract":"Immune adaptations of obligate brood parasites attracted interest when three New World cowbird species (Passeriformes, Icteridae, genus Molothrus) proved unusually resistant to West Nile virus. We have used cowbirds as models to investigate the eco-immunological hypothesis that species in parasite-rich environments characteristically have enhanced immunity as a life history adaptation. As part of an ongoing program to understand the cowbird immune system, in this study we measured degranulation and oxidative burst, two fundamental responses of the innate immune system. Innate immunity provides non-specific, fast-acting defenses against a variety of invading pathogens, and we hypothesized that innate immunity experiences particularly strong selection in cowbirds, because their life history strategy exposes them to diverse novel and unpredictable parasites. We compared the relative effectiveness of degranulation and oxidative burst responses in two cowbird species and one related, non-parasitic species. Both innate immune defenses were significantly more functionally efficient in the two parasitic cowbird species than in the non-parasitic red-winged blackbird (Icteridae, Agelaius phoeniceus). Additionally, both immune defenses were more functionally efficient in the brown-headed cowbird (M. ater), an extreme host-generalist brood parasite, than in the bronzed cowbird (M. aeneus), a moderate host-specialist with lower exposure to other species and their parasites. Thus the relative effectiveness of these two innate immune responses corresponds to the diversity of parasites in the niche of each species and to their relative resistance to WNV. This study is the first use of these two specialized assays in a comparative immunology study of wild avian species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Evolutionary Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11692-013-9231-x","usgsCitation":"Hahn, D., Summers, S.G., Genovese, K.J., He, H., and Kogut, M.H., 2013, Obligate brood parasites show more functionally effective innate immune responses: an eco-immunological hypothesis: Evolutionary Biology, v. 40, no. 4, p. 554-561, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-013-9231-x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"554","endPage":"561","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-043917","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279182,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279171,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11692-013-9231-x"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528c888de4b0c629af44a974","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hahn, D. Caldwell 0000-0002-5242-2059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2059","contributorId":26055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"D. Caldwell","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Summers, Scott G.","contributorId":45612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Summers","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Genovese, Kenneth J.","contributorId":45613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genovese","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"He, Haiqi","contributorId":31289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Haiqi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kogut, Michael H.","contributorId":98203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kogut","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70056205,"text":"70056205 - 2013 - Evaluation of permeability and non-Darcy flow in vuggy macroporous limestone aquifer samples with lattice Boltzmann methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-21T08:57:32","indexId":"70056205","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-19T09:12:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of permeability and non-Darcy flow in vuggy macroporous limestone aquifer samples with lattice Boltzmann methods","docAbstract":"Lattice Boltzmann flow simulations provide a physics-based means of estimating intrinsic permeability from pore structure and accounting for inertial flow that leads to departures from Darcy's law. Simulations were used to compute intrinsic permeability where standard measurement methods may fail and to provide better understanding of departures from Darcy's law under field conditions. Simulations also investigated resolution issues. Computed tomography (CT) images were acquired at 0.8 mm interscan spacing for seven samples characterized by centimeter-scale biogenic vuggy macroporosity from the extremely transmissive sole-source carbonate karst Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida. Samples were as large as 0.3 m in length; 7–9 cm-scale-length subsamples were used for lattice Boltzmann computations. Macroporosity of the subsamples was as high as 81%. Matrix porosity was ignored in the simulations. Non-Darcy behavior led to a twofold reduction in apparent hydraulic conductivity as an applied hydraulic gradient increased to levels observed at regional scale within the Biscayne aquifer; larger reductions are expected under higher gradients near wells and canals. Thus, inertial flows and departures from Darcy's law may occur under field conditions. Changes in apparent hydraulic conductivity with changes in head gradient computed with the lattice Boltzmann model closely fit the Darcy-Forchheimer equation allowing estimation of the Forchheimer parameter. CT-scan resolution appeared adequate to capture intrinsic permeability; however, departures from Darcy behavior were less detectable as resolution coarsened.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011WR011788","usgsCitation":"Sukop, M.C., Huang, H., Alvarez, P., Variano, E., and Cunningham, K.J., 2013, Evaluation of permeability and non-Darcy flow in vuggy macroporous limestone aquifer samples with lattice Boltzmann methods: Water Resources Research, v. 49, no. 1, p. 216-230, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011788.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"216","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-013145","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279151,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011788"}],"volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528c8861e4b0c629af44a88f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sukop, Michael C.","contributorId":52271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sukop","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, Haibo","contributorId":44069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Haibo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alvarez, Pedro F.","contributorId":42517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Pedro F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Variano, Evan A.","contributorId":67793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Variano","given":"Evan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cunningham, Kevin J. 0000-0002-2179-8686 kcunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-8686","contributorId":1689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kevin","email":"kcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70056198,"text":"70056198 - 2013 - Effect of tidal fluctuations on transient dispersion of simulated contaminant concentrations in coastal aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-20T08:25:24","indexId":"70056198","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-18T15:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of tidal fluctuations on transient dispersion of simulated contaminant concentrations in coastal aquifers","docAbstract":"Variable-density groundwater models require extensive computational resources, particularly for simulations representing short-term hydrologic variability such as tidal fluctuations. Saltwater-intrusion models usually neglect tidal fluctuations and this may introduce errors in simulated concentrations. The effects of tides on simulated concentrations in a coastal aquifer were assessed. Three analyses are reported: in the first, simulations with and without tides were compared for three different dispersivity values. Tides do not significantly affect the transfer of a hypothetical contaminant into the ocean; however, the concentration difference between tidal and non-tidal simulations could be as much as 15%. In the second analysis, the dispersivity value for the model without tides was increased in a zone near the ocean boundary. By slightly increasing dispersivity in this zone, the maximum concentration difference between the simulations with and without tides was reduced to as low as 7%. In the last analysis, an apparent dispersivity value was calculated for each model cell using the simulated velocity variations from the model with tides. Use of apparent dispersivity values in models with a constant ocean boundary seems to provide a reasonable approach for approximating tidal effects in simulations where explicit representation of tidal fluctuations is not feasible.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-011-0763-9","usgsCitation":"La Licata, I., Langevin, C.D., Dausman, A., and Alberti, L., 2013, Effect of tidal fluctuations on transient dispersion of simulated contaminant concentrations in coastal aquifers: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 19, no. 7, p. 1313-1322, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0763-9.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1313","endPage":"1322","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011730","costCenters":[{"id":286,"text":"Florida Water Science Center-Ft. Lauderdale","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279148,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0763-9"}],"volume":"19","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528b3707e4b031f8c843945f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La Licata, Ivana","contributorId":15922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Licata","given":"Ivana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dausman, Alyssa M.","contributorId":64337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dausman","given":"Alyssa M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alberti, Luca","contributorId":34817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alberti","given":"Luca","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70055736,"text":"ofr20131273 - 2013 - Post-fire debris-flow hazard assessment of the area burned by the 2013 Beaver Creek Fire near Hailey, central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-18T14:35:05","indexId":"ofr20131273","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-18T11:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1273","title":"Post-fire debris-flow hazard assessment of the area burned by the 2013 Beaver Creek Fire near Hailey, central Idaho","docAbstract":"A preliminary hazard assessment was developed for debris-flow hazards in the 465 square-kilometer (115,000 acres) area burned by the 2013 Beaver Creek fire near Hailey in central Idaho. The burn area covers all or part of six watersheds and selected basins draining to the Big Wood River and is at risk of substantial post-fire erosion, such as that caused by debris flows. Empirical models derived from statistical evaluation of data collected from recently burned basins throughout the Intermountain Region in Western United States were used to estimate the probability of debris-flow occurrence, potential volume of debris flows, and the combined debris-flow hazard ranking along the drainage network within the burn area and to estimate the same for analyzed drainage basins within the burn area. Input data for the empirical models included topographic parameters, soil characteristics, burn severity, and rainfall totals and intensities for a (1) 2-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall, referred to as a 2-year storm (13 mm); (2) 10-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall, referred to as a 10-year storm (19 mm); and (3) 25-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall, referred to as a 25-year storm (22 mm). Estimated debris-flow probabilities for drainage basins upstream of 130 selected basin outlets ranged from less than 1 to 78 percent with the probabilities increasing with each increase in storm magnitude. Probabilities were high in three of the six watersheds. For the 25-year storm, probabilities were greater than 60 percent for 11 basin outlets and ranged from 50 to 60 percent for an additional 12 basin outlets. Probability estimates for stream segments within the drainage network can vary within a basin. For the 25-year storm, probabilities for stream segments within 33 basins were higher than the basin outlet, emphasizing the importance of evaluating the drainage network as well as basin outlets. Estimated debris-flow volumes for the three modeled storms range from a minimal debris flow volume of 10 cubic meters [m<sup>3</sup>]) to greater than 100,000 m<sup>3</sup>. Estimated debris-flow volumes increased with basin size and distance downstream. For the 25-year storm, estimated debris-flow volumes were greater than 100,000 m<sup>3</sup> for 4 basins and between 50,000 and 100,000 m<sup>3</sup> for 10 basins. The debris-flow hazard rankings did not result in the highest hazard ranking of 5, indicating that none of the basins had a high probability of debris-flow occurrence and a high debris-flow volume estimate. The hazard ranking was 4 for one basin using the 10-year-recurrence storm model and for three basins using the 25-year-recurrence storm model. The maps presented herein may be used to prioritize areas where post-wildfire remediation efforts should take place within the 2- to 3-year period of increased erosional vulnerability.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131273","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Blaine County, Idaho","usgsCitation":"Skinner, K.D., 2013, Post-fire debris-flow hazard assessment of the area burned by the 2013 Beaver Creek Fire near Hailey, central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1273, Report: iv, 12 p.; Table: XLSX file; 9 plates: 24 inches x 31 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131273.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; Table: XLSX file; 9 plates: 24 inches x 31 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052301","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279139,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131273.PNG"},{"id":279121,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1273/"},{"id":279129,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1273/downloads/ofr2013-1273_table1.xlsx"},{"id":279130,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1273/pdfs/ofr2013-1273_plate1.pdf"},{"id":279131,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1273/pdfs/ofr2013-1273_plate3.pdf"},{"id":279128,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1273/pdfs/ofr2013-1273.pdf"},{"id":279132,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1273/pdfs/ofr2013-1273_plate2.pdf"},{"id":279133,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1273/pdfs/ofr2013-1273_plate4.pdf"},{"id":279134,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1273/pdfs/ofr2013-1273_plate5.pdf"},{"id":279135,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1273/pdfs/ofr2013-1273_plate6.pdf"},{"id":279136,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1273/pdfs/ofr2013-1273_plate7.pdf"},{"id":279137,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1273/pdfs/ofr2013-1273_plate8.pdf"},{"id":279138,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1273/pdfs/ofr2013-1273_plate9.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.67495,43.499756 ], [ -114.67495,43.699651 ], [ -114.311371,43.699651 ], [ -114.311371,43.499756 ], [ -114.67495,43.499756 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528b370ae4b031f8c843947a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, Kenneth D. 0000-0003-1774-6565 kskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1774-6565","contributorId":1836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"Kenneth","email":"kskinner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70056156,"text":"70056156 - 2013 - Comparison of electrofishing techniques to detect larval lampreys in wadeable streams in the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-18T11:28:06","indexId":"70056156","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-18T11:19:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of electrofishing techniques to detect larval lampreys in wadeable streams in the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"We evaluated the probability of detecting larval lampreys using different methods of backpack electrofishing in wadeable streams in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Our primary objective was to compare capture of lampreys using electrofishing with standard settings for salmon and trout to settings specifically adapted for capture of lampreys. Field work consisted of removal sampling by means of backpack electrofishing in 19 sites in streams representing a broad range of conditions in the region. Captures of lampreys at these sites were analyzed with a modified removal-sampling model and Bayesian estimation to measure the relative odds of capture using the lamprey-specific settings compared with the standard salmonid settings. We found that the odds of capture were 2.66 (95% credible interval, 0.87–78.18) times greater for the lamprey-specific settings relative to standard salmonid settings. When estimates of capture probability were applied to estimating the probabilities of detection, we found high (>0.80) detectability when the actual number of lampreys in a site was greater than 10 individuals and effort was at least two passes of electrofishing, regardless of the settings used. Further work is needed to evaluate key assumptions in our approach, including the evaluation of individual-specific capture probabilities and population closure. For now our results suggest comparable results are possible for detection of lampreys by using backpack electrofishing with salmonid- or lamprey-specific settings.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2013.826758","usgsCitation":"Dunham, J., Chelgren, N.D., Heck, M.P., and Clark, S.M., 2013, Comparison of electrofishing techniques to detect larval lampreys in wadeable streams in the Pacific Northwest: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 33, no. 6, p. 1149-1155, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2013.826758.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1149","endPage":"1155","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-044471","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279126,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02755947.2013.826758#.Uoo_n_nkv2F"},{"id":279125,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2013.826758"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.9697,44.8714 ], [ -123.9697,48.1661 ], [ -122.7612,48.1661 ], [ -122.7612,44.8714 ], [ -123.9697,44.8714 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"33","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528b36e2e4b031f8c843939c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunham, Jason B.","contributorId":64791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chelgren, Nathan D.","contributorId":49062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chelgren","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heck, Michael P. 0000-0001-8858-7325","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8858-7325","contributorId":68210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heck","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, Steven M.","contributorId":7989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":486359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70056049,"text":"70056049 - 2013 - Effects of sea-level rise on salt water intrusion near a coastal well field in southeastern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-18T09:36:32","indexId":"70056049","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-18T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of sea-level rise on salt water intrusion near a coastal well field in southeastern Florida","docAbstract":"A variable-density groundwater flow and dispersive solute transport model was developed for the shallow coastal aquifer system near a municipal supply well field in southeastern Florida. The model was calibrated for a 105-year period (1900 to 2005). An analysis with the model suggests that well-field withdrawals were the dominant cause of salt water intrusion near the well field, and that historical sea-level rise, which is similar to lower-bound projections of future sea-level rise, exacerbated the extent of salt water intrusion. Average 2005 hydrologic conditions were used for 100-year sensitivity simulations aimed at quantifying the effect of projected rises in sea level on fresh coastal groundwater resources near the well field. Use of average 2005 hydrologic conditions and a constant sea level result in total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration of the well field exceeding drinking water standards after 70 years. When sea-level rise is included in the simulations, drinking water standards are exceeded 10 to 21 years earlier, depending on the specified rate of sea-level rise.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01008.x","usgsCitation":"Langevin, C.D., and Zygnerski, M., 2013, Effects of sea-level rise on salt water intrusion near a coastal well field in southeastern Florida: Ground Water, v. 51, no. 5, p. 781-803, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01008.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"781","endPage":"803","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033556","costCenters":[{"id":286,"text":"Florida Water Science Center-Ft. Lauderdale","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279109,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01008.x/full"},{"id":279108,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01008.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.881389,25.904261 ], [ -80.881389,26.39865 ], [ -80.015276,26.39865 ], [ -80.015276,25.904261 ], [ -80.881389,25.904261 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"51","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528b3709e4b031f8c8439468","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zygnerski, Michael","contributorId":75057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zygnerski","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70055795,"text":"70055795 - 2013 - Two flysch belts having distinctly different provenance suggest no stratigraphic link between the Wrangellia composite terrane and the paleo-Alaskan margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T16:39:45","indexId":"70055795","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-15T15:40:04","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2626,"text":"Lithosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two flysch belts having distinctly different provenance suggest no stratigraphic link between the Wrangellia composite terrane and the paleo-Alaskan margin","docAbstract":"<p>The provenance of Jurassic to Cretaceous flysch along the northern boundary of the allochthonous Wrangellia composite terrane, exposed from the Lake Clark region of southwest Alaska to the Nutzotin Mountains in eastern Alaska, suggests that the flysch can be divided into two belts having different sources. On the north, the Kahiltna flysch and Kuskokwim Group overlie and were derived from the Farwell and Yukon-Tanana terranes, as well as smaller related terranes that were part of the paleo-Alaskan margin. Paleocurrent indicators for these two units suggest that they derived sediment from the north and west. Sandstones are predominantly lithic wacke that contain abundant quartz grains, lithic rock fragments, and detrital mica, which suggest that these rocks were derived from recycled orogen and arc sources. Conglomerates contain limestone clasts that have fossils matching terranes that made up the paleo-Alaskan margin. In contrast, flysch units on the south overlie and were derived from the Wrangellia composite terrane. Paleocurrent indicators for these units suggest that they derived sediment from the south. Sandstones are predominantly feldspathic wackes that contain abundant plagioclase grains and volcanic rock fragments, which suggest these rocks were derived from an arc. Clast compositions in conglomerate south of the boundary match rock types of the Wrangellia composite terrane.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The distributions of detrital zircon ages also differentiate the flysch units. Flysch units on the north average 54% Mesozoic, 14% Paleozoic, and 32% Precambrian detrital zircons, reflecting derivation from the older Yukon-Tanana, Farewell, and other terranes that made up the paleo-Alaskan margin. In comparison, flysch units on the south average 94% Mesozoic, 1% Paleozoic, and 5% Precambrian zircons, which are consistent with derivation from the Mesozoic oceanic magmatic arc rocks in the Wrangellia composite terrane. In particular, the flysch units on the south contain a large proportion of zircons ranging from 135 to 175 Ma, corresponding to the age of the Chitina magmatic arc in the Wrangellia terrane and the plutons of the Peninsular terrane, which are part of the Wrangellia composite terrane. Flysch units on the north do not contain significant numbers of zircons in this age range. The flysch overlying the Wrangellia composite terrane apparently does not contain detritus derived from rocks of the paleo-Alaska margin, and the flysch overlying the paleo-Alaskan margin apparently does not contain detritus derived from the Wrangellia composite terrane.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The provenance difference between the two belts helps to constrain the location of the northern boundary of the Wrangellia composite terrane. Geophysical models place a deep, through-going, crustal-scale suture zone in the area between the two flysch belts. The difference in the provenance of the two belts supports this interpretation. The youngest flysch is Late Cretaceous in age, and structural disruption of the flysch units is constrained to the Late Cretaceous, so it appears that the Wrangellia composite terrane was not near the paleo-Alaskan margin until the Late Cretaceous.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lithosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/L310.1","usgsCitation":"Hults, C.P., Wilson, F.H., Donelick, R.A., and O'Sullivan, P., 2013, Two flysch belts having distinctly different provenance suggest no stratigraphic link between the Wrangellia composite terrane and the paleo-Alaskan margin: Lithosphere, v. 5, no. 6, p. 575-594, https://doi.org/10.1130/L310.1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"575","endPage":"594","numberOfPages":"20","ipdsId":"IP-052588","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/l310.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281053,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/L310.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Lake Clark;Nutzotin Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -160.0,58.0 ], [ -160.0,64.0 ], [ -141.0,64.0 ], [ -141.0,58.0 ], [ -160.0,58.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd79d2e4b0b2908510d133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hults, Chad P. chults@usgs.gov","contributorId":1930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hults","given":"Chad","email":"chults@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donelick, Raymond A.","contributorId":71097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donelick","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Sullivan, Paul B.","contributorId":36627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Sullivan","given":"Paul B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048994,"text":"sir20135133 - 2013 - Hydrogeology and hydrologic conditions of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer System from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T20:47:58","indexId":"sir20135133","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-14T15:33:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5133","title":"Hydrogeology and hydrologic conditions of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer System from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>The seaward-dipping sedimentary wedge that underlies the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain forms a complex groundwater system. This major source of water provides for public and domestic supply and serves as a vital source of freshwater for industrial and agricultural uses throughout the region. Population increases and land-use and climate changes, however, have led to competing demands for water. The regional response of the aquifer system to these stresses poses regional challenges for water-resources management at the State level because hydrologic effects often extend beyond State boundaries. In response to these challenges, the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program began a regional assessment of the groundwater availability of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system in 2010.</p>\n<p>The initial phase of this investigation included a refinement of the hydrogeologic framework and an updated hydrologic budget of this aquifer system from the last regional aquifer system assessment completed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the 1980s. Refinements to the hydrogeologic framework include revision of the regional aquifer names to be more consistent with local names in New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, the primary States included in the study area. Other revisions to the framework include characterization of the aquifers of the regional Potomac aquifer system. The regional Potomac aquifer system is subdivided for this report into two regional aquifers. These aquifers include the single Potomac aquifer in Virginia and two aquifers in Maryland, Delaware, and New Jersey, where the Potomac aquifer system thickens within the Salisbury Embayment. The two regional aquifers making up the Potomac aquifer system include the Potomac-Patapsco aquifer and the underlying Potomac-Patuxent aquifer.</p>\n<p>The Potomac-Patuxent aquifer includes the Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer in southern New Jersey and the Patuxent aquifers in Delaware and Maryland. In northern New Jersey and on Long Island, New York, the PotomacPatuxent aquifer is absent, but the Late Cretaceous fluvialdeltaic aquifer that is laterally equivalent with the upper part of the Potomac Formation now is considered part of the regional Potomac-Patapsco aquifer. This aquifer includes the Middle Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer in New Jersey and the Lloyd aquifer on Long Island.</p>\n<p>The name &ldquo;Upper Potomac aquifer&rdquo; has been removed as part of this regional framework revision. The local aquifer previously considered part of the Upper Potomac aquifer now are part of the regional Magothy aquifer. These units include the Upper Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer in New Jersey, the Magothy aquifers on Long Island, Delaware, and Maryland, and the Virginia Beach aquifer in Virginia.</p>\n<p>Updates to the regional hydrologic budget include revised estimates of aquifer recharge, water use and streamflow data. Inflow to the aquifer system of about 20,000 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) includes 19,600 Mgal/d from recharge from precipitation, 200 Mgal/d of recharge from wastewater via onsite domestic septic systems, and 200 Mgal/d from the release of water from aquifer storage. Outflow from the aquifer system includes groundwater discharge to streams (11,900 Mgal/d), groundwater withdrawals (1,500 Mgal/d), and groundwater discharge to coastal waters (6,600 Mgal/d). A numerical modeling analysis is required to improve this hydrologic budget calculation and to forecast future changes in water levels and aquifer storage caused by groundwater withdrawals, land-use changes, and the effects of climate variability and change.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135133","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J.P., Pope, J.P., Monti, Jack, Jr., Nardi, M.R., Finkelstein, J.S., and McCoy, K.J., 2015, Hydrogeology and hydrologic conditions of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina (ver. 1.1, September 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5133, 76 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20135133.","productDescription":"viii, 76 p.","numberOfPages":"88","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044313","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308391,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279088,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5133/pdf/sir20135133.pdf"},{"id":308378,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5133/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.0,34.0 ], [ -78.0,42.0 ], [ -71.0,42.0 ], [ -71.0,34.0 ], [ -78.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0 November 14, 2013; Version 1.1 September 22, 2015","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_ma@usgs.gov&quot;\">Office Chief</a><br /> U.S. Geological Survey<br /> New England Water Science Center<br /> Massachusetts-Rhode Island Office<br /> 10 Bearfoot Road<br /> Northborough, MA 01532</p>\n<p>Or visit our Web site at:<br /> <a href=\"http://ma.water.usgs.gov\">http://ma.water.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Abstract</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Introduction</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Hydrogeology</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Hydrologic Conditions</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Summary and Conclusions</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>References Cited</p>\n</li>\n<li>Appendix</li>\n</ul>","publishedDate":"2013-11-14","revisedDate":"2015-09-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52860785e4b00926c2186544","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413 jpmaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":1865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","email":"jpmaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, Jason P. 0000-0003-3199-993X jpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3199-993X","contributorId":2044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Jason","email":"jpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monti, Jack Jr. jmonti@usgs.gov","contributorId":1185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monti","given":"Jack","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jmonti@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nardi, Mark R. 0000-0002-7310-8050 mrnardi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-8050","contributorId":1859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nardi","given":"Mark","email":"mrnardi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finkelstein, Jason S.","contributorId":87055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelstein","given":"Jason S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCoy, Kurt J. 0000-0002-9756-8238 kjmccoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9756-8238","contributorId":1391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"Kurt","email":"kjmccoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70055879,"text":"70055879 - 2013 - Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) models for predicting stream concentrations of multiple pesticides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T11:39:36","indexId":"70055879","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-14T14:34:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) models for predicting stream concentrations of multiple pesticides","docAbstract":"Watershed Regressions for Pesticides for multiple pesticides (WARP-MP) are statistical models developed to predict concentration statistics for a wide range of pesticides in unmonitored streams. The WARP-MP models use the national atrazine WARP models in conjunction with an adjustment factor for each additional pesticide. The WARP-MP models perform best for pesticides with application timing and methods similar to those used with atrazine. For other pesticides, WARP-MP models tend to overpredict concentration statistics for the model development sites. For WARP and WARP-MP, the less-than-ideal sampling frequency for the model development sites leads to underestimation of the shorter-duration concentration; hence, the WARP models tend to underpredict 4- and 21-d maximum moving-average concentrations, with median errors ranging from 9 to 38% As a result of this sampling bias, pesticides that performed well with the model development sites are expected to have predictions that are biased low for these shorter-duration concentration statistics. The overprediction by WARP-MP apparent for some of the pesticides is variably offset by underestimation of the model development concentration statistics. Of the 112 pesticides used in the WARP-MP application to stream segments nationwide, 25 were predicted to have concentration statistics with a 50% or greater probability of exceeding one or more aquatic life benchmarks in one or more stream segments. Geographically, many of the modeled streams in the Corn Belt Region were predicted to have one or more pesticides that exceeded an aquatic life benchmark during 2009, indicating the potential vulnerability of streams in this region.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","doi":"10.2134/jeq2013.05.0179","usgsCitation":"Stone, W.W., Crawford, C.G., and Gilliom, R.J., 2013, Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) models for predicting stream concentrations of multiple pesticides: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 42, no. 6, p. 1838-1851, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2013.05.0179.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1838","endPage":"1851","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-043582","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473444,"rank":4,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2013.05.0179","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":279082,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335502,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7R20ZD3","text":"WARP model pesticide predictions for EPA reach file 1 segments: 1992-2012"},{"id":279079,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2013.05.0179"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"42","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52860787e4b00926c2186556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70055876,"text":"70055876 - 2013 - Spatial ecological processes and local factors predict the distribution and abundance of spawning by steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) across a complex riverscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T14:21:40","indexId":"70055876","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-14T14:13:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial ecological processes and local factors predict the distribution and abundance of spawning by steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) across a complex riverscape","docAbstract":"Processes that influence habitat selection in landscapes involve the interaction of habitat composition and configuration and are particularly important for species with complex life cycles. We assessed the relative influence of landscape spatial processes and local habitat characteristics on patterns in the distribution and abundance of spawning steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a threatened salmonid fish, across ~15,000 stream km in the John Day River basin, Oregon, USA. We used hurdle regression and a multi-model information theoretic approach to identify the relative importance of covariates representing key aspects of the steelhead life cycle (e.g., site access, spawning habitat quality, juvenile survival) at two spatial scales: within 2-km long survey reaches (local sites) and ecological neighborhoods (5 km) surrounding the local sites. Based on Akaike’s Information Criterion, models that included covariates describing ecological neighborhoods provided the best description of the distribution and abundance of steelhead spawning given the data. Among these covariates, our representation of offspring survival (growing-season-degree-days, °C) had the strongest effect size (7x) relative to other predictors. Predictive performances of model-averaged composite and neighborhood-only models were better than a site-only model based on both occurrence (percentage of sites correctly classified = 0.80±0.03 SD, 0.78±0.02 vs. 0.62±0.05, respectively) and counts (root mean square error = 3.37, 3.93 vs. 5.57, respectively). The importance of both temperature and stream flow for steelhead spawning suggest this species may be highly sensitive to impacts of land and water uses, and to projected climate impacts in the region and that landscape context, complementation, and connectivity will drive how this species responds to future environments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0079232","usgsCitation":"Falke, J.A., Dunham, J., Jordan, C.E., McNyset, K., and Reeves, G.H., 2013, Spatial ecological processes and local factors predict the distribution and abundance of spawning by steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) across a complex riverscape: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 11, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079232.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-049835","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079232","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":279081,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279080,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079232"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"John Day River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.5566,44.3714 ], [ -120.5566,45.6675 ], [ -117.9702,45.6675 ], [ -117.9702,44.3714 ], [ -120.5566,44.3714 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52860786e4b00926c218654d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falke, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-6670-8250 jfalke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-8250","contributorId":5195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falke","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jfalke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B.","contributorId":64791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jordan, Christopher E.","contributorId":40116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McNyset, Kris M.","contributorId":58177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNyset","given":"Kris M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reeves, Gordon H.","contributorId":101521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reeves","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":527,"text":"Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70055718,"text":"sir20135056 - 2013 - Simulation of the June 11, 2010, flood along the Little Missouri River near Langley, Arkansas, using a hydrologic model coupled to a hydraulic model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T08:31:39","indexId":"sir20135056","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-14T09:55:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5056","title":"Simulation of the June 11, 2010, flood along the Little Missouri River near Langley, Arkansas, using a hydrologic model coupled to a hydraulic model","docAbstract":"A substantial flood event occurred on June 11, 2010, causing the Little Missouri River to flow over much of the adjacent land area, resulting in catastrophic damages. Twenty fatalities occurred and numerous automobiles, cabins, and recreational vehicles were destroyed within the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Forest Service Albert Pike Recreation Area, at a dispersed campsite area in the surrounding Ouachita National Forest lands, and at a nearby privately owned camp. The Little Missouri River streamgage near Langley, Arkansas, reached a record streamflow of 70,800 cubic feet per second and a stage (water level) of 23.5 feet at 5:30 a.m., with a 10-foot rise occurring in slightly more than 1 hour.\nTo better understand the flood event on June 11, 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Forest Service, developed a precipitation-runoff hydrologic model, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS), coupled with a one-dimensional unsteady-state hydraulic model, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS), to simulate precipitation runoff and streamflow characteristics along the Little Missouri River and at various tributaries within the 68-square mile watershed upstream from the Langley streamgage.\nWithin the proximity of two campgrounds, the Little Missouri River just downstream from the confluence of Brier Creek had a peak simulated streamflow of 49,300 cubic feet per second at 4:08 a.m.; the simulated streamflow stayed within 500 cubic feet per second of the peak for nearly 15 minutes. The simulated water surface increased an average of 0.5 feet every 5 minutes for a total of 2 hours, with a maximum rate of rise of 2 feet in 15 minutes. The Little Missouri River just downstream from the confluence of Brier Creek had a peak simulated water-surface elevation of 935.0 feet, a maximum water depth of 22.2 feet, and a maximum stream channel velocity of 12.6 feet per second at 4:15 a.m.\nThe results from the precipitation-runoff hydrologic model, the one-dimensional unsteady-state hydraulic model, and a separate two-dimensional model developed as part of a coincident study, each complement the other in terms of streamflow timing, water-surface elevations, and velocities propagated by the June 11, 2010, flood event. The simulated grids for water depth and stream velocity from each model were directly compared by subtracting the one-dimensional hydraulic model grid from the two-dimensional model grid. The absolute mean difference for the simulated water depth was 0.9 foot. Additionally, the absolute mean difference for the simulated stream velocity was 1.9 feet per second.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Westerman, D.A., and Clark, B.R., 2013, Simulation of the June 11, 2010, flood along the Little Missouri River near Langley, Arkansas, using a hydrologic model coupled to a hydraulic model: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5056, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135056.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"39","ipdsId":"IP-036686","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135056.gif"},{"id":279064,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5056/pdf/sir2013-5056.pdf"},{"id":279063,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5056/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Langley;Little Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.05,34.3 ], [ -94.05,34.45 ], [ -93.85,34.45 ], [ -93.85,34.3 ], [ -94.05,34.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52860786e4b00926c218654a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westerman, Drew A. 0000-0002-8522-776X dawester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-776X","contributorId":4526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerman","given":"Drew","email":"dawester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70055719,"text":"sir20125274 - 2013 - Two-dimensional simulation of the June 11, 2010, flood of the Little Missouri River at Albert Pike Recreational Area, Ouachita National Forest, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-15T08:18:14","indexId":"sir20125274","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-14T09:55:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5274","title":"Two-dimensional simulation of the June 11, 2010, flood of the Little Missouri River at Albert Pike Recreational Area, Ouachita National Forest, Arkansas","docAbstract":"In the early morning hours of June 11, 2010, substantial flooding occurred at Albert Pike Recreation Area in the Ouachita National Forest of west-central Arkansas, killing 20 campers. The U.S. Forest Service needed information concerning the extent and depth of flood inundation, the water velocity, and flow paths throughout Albert Pike Recreation Area for the flood and for streamflows corresponding to annual exceedence probabilities of 1 and 2 percent. The two-dimensional flow model Fst2DH, part of the Federal Highway Administration’s Finite Element Surface-water Modeling System, and the graphical user interface Surface-water Modeling System (SMS) were used to perform a steady-state simulation of the flood in a 1.5-mile reach of the Little Missouri River at Albert Pike Recreation Area. Peak streamflows of the Little Missouri River and tributary Brier Creek served as inputs to the simulation, which was calibrated to the surveyed elevations of high-water marks left by the flood and then used to predict flooding that would result from streamflows corresponding to annual exceedence probabilities of 1 and 2 percent. The simulated extent of the June 11, 2010, flood matched the observed extent of flooding at Albert Pike Recreation Area. The mean depth of inundation in the camp areas was 8.5 feet in Area D, 7.4 feet in Area C, 3.8 feet in Areas A, B, and the Day Use Area, and 12.5 feet in Lowry’s Camp Albert Pike. The mean water velocity was 7.2 feet per second in Area D, 7.6 feet per second in Area C, 7.2 feet per second in Areas A, B, and the Day Use Area, and 7.6 feet per second in Lowry’s Camp Albert Pike. A sensitivity analysis indicated that varying the streamflow of the Little Missouri River had the greatest effect on simulated water-surface elevation, while varying the streamflow of tributary Brier Creek had the least effect. Simulated water-surface elevations were lower than those modeled by the U.S. Forest Service using the standard-step method, but the comparison between the two was favorable with a mean absolute difference of 0.58 feet in Area C and 0.32 feet in Area D. Results of a HEC-RAS model of the Little Missouri River watershed upstream from the U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station near Langley showed no difference in mean depth in the areas in common between the models, and a difference in mean velocity of only 0.5 foot per second. Predictions of flooding that would result from streamflows corresponding to annual exceedence probabilities of 1 and 2 percent indicated that the extent of inundation of the June 11, 2010, flood exceeded that of the 1 percent flood, and that for both the 1 and 2 percent floods, all of Areas C and D, and parts of Areas A, B, and the Day Use Area were inundated. Predicted water-surface elevations for the 1 and 2 percent floods were approximately 1 foot lower than those predicted by the U.S. Forest Service using a standard-step model.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125274","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Wagner, D.M., 2013, Two-dimensional simulation of the June 11, 2010, flood of the Little Missouri River at Albert Pike Recreational Area, Ouachita National Forest, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5274, vii, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125274.","productDescription":"vii, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"35","ipdsId":"IP-040695","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125274.gif"},{"id":279066,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5274/pdf/sir2012-5274.pdf"},{"id":279067,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5274/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Albert Pike Recreation Area;Little Missouri River;Ouachita National Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.083333,34.333333 ], [ -94.083333,34.416667 ], [ -93.833333,34.416667 ], [ -93.833333,34.333333 ], [ -94.083333,34.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52860787e4b00926c2186553","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Daniel M. 0000-0002-0432-450X dwagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-450X","contributorId":4531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Daniel","email":"dwagner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70049018,"text":"ofr20131250 - 2013 - MODIS phenology image service ArcMap toolbox","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-13T15:02:31","indexId":"ofr20131250","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-13T14:59:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1250","title":"MODIS phenology image service ArcMap toolbox","docAbstract":"<p>Seasonal change is important to consider when managing conservation areas at landscape scales. The study of such patterns throughout the year is referred to as phenology. Recurring life-cycle events that are initiated and driven by environmental factors include animal migration and plant flowering. Phenological events capture public attention, such as fall color change in deciduous forests, the first flowering in spring, and for those with allergies, the start of the pollen season. These events can affect our daily lives, provide clues to help understand and manage ecosystems, and provide evidence of how climate variability can affect the natural cycle of plants and animals. Phenological observations can be gathered at a range of scales, from plots smaller than an acre to landscapes of hundreds to thousands of acres. Linking these observations to diverse disciplines such as evolutionary biology or climate sciences can help further research in species and ecosystem responses to climate change scenarios at appropriate scales.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A cooperative study between the National Park Service (NPS), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been exploring how satellite information can be used to summarize phenological patterns observed at the park or landscape scale and how those summaries can be presented to both park managers and visitors. This study specifically addressed seasonal changes in plants, including the onset of growth, photosynthesis in the spring, and the senescence of deciduous vegetation in the fall. The primary objective of the work is to demonstrate that seasonality even in protected areas changes considerably across years. A major challenge is to decouple natural variability from possible trends—directional change that can lead to a permanent and radically different ecosystem state. Trends can be either a gradual degradation of the landscape (often from external influences) or steady improvement (by implementing long-term conservation plans). In either case, it is important to first grasp the magnitude of natural variation so that it is not confused with actual trends.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This work used existing and freely available remote sensing data, specifically the NASA-funded 250-meter (m) spatial resolution land-surface phenology product for North America. This product is calculated from an annual record of vegetation health observed by NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument. The land-surface phenology product is, in essence, a method to summarize all the observations throughout a year into a few key, ecologically relevant “metrics”.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131250","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative","usgsCitation":"Talbert, C., Kern, T., Morisette, J., Brown, D., and James, K., 2013, MODIS phenology image service ArcMap toolbox: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1250, iii, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131250.","productDescription":"iii, 6 p.","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045950","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279059,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131250.jpg"},{"id":279058,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1250/pdf/of2013-1250.pdf"},{"id":279057,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1250/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52849f61e4b063f258e57461","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Talbert, Colin talbertc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbert","given":"Colin","email":"talbertc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kern, Tim J. kernt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"Tim J.","email":"kernt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morisette, Jeff","contributorId":20640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Don","contributorId":73490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"James, Kevin","contributorId":106787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70056938,"text":"70056938 - 2013 - Rupture model of the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake from teleseismic and regional waveforms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T11:19:12","indexId":"70056938","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-13T10:38:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rupture model of the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake from teleseismic and regional waveforms","docAbstract":"<p>We independently invert teleseismic <i>P</i> waveforms and regional crustal phases to examine the finite fault slip model for the 2011 <i>M<sub>w&nbsp;</sub></i>5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake. Theoretical and empirical Green's functions are used for the teleseismic and regional models, respectively. Both solutions show two distinct sources each about 2&thinsp;km across and separated by 2.5&thinsp;km. The source at the hypocenter is more localized in the regional model leading to a higher peak slip of 130&thinsp;cm and higher average stress drop of 250 bars compared with 86&thinsp;cm and 150 bars for the same source in the teleseismic model. Both sources are centered at approximately 8&thinsp;km depth in the regional model, largely below the aftershock distribution. In the teleseismic model, the sources extend updip to approximately 6&thinsp;km depth, into the depth range of the aftershocks. The rupture velocity is not well resolved but appears to be near 2.7&thinsp;km/s.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington","doi":"10.1002/2013GL057880","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S.H., Mendoza, C., and Zeng, Y., 2013, Rupture model of the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake from teleseismic and regional waveforms: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 21, p. 5665-5670, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL057880.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"5665","endPage":"5670","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052316","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488152,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013gl057880","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":279320,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.90380859375,\n              42.85985981506279\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.837890625,\n              42.68243539838623\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.69482421875,\n              42.293564192170095\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.03515625,\n              41.88592102814744\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.67236328125,\n              41.60722821271717\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.58447265624999,\n              41.42625319507272\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.08984375,\n              41.475660200278234\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.44140625,\n              41.36031866306708\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.56201171875,\n              41.705728515237524\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.69384765625,\n              40.396764305572056\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.375,\n              38.51378825951165\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.96826171874999,\n              36.79169061907076\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.92431640625,\n              35.47856499535729\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.08984375,\n              34.10725639663118\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8046875,\n              32.861132322810946\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.16748046874999,\n              33.22949814144951\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.8818359375,\n              33.65120829920497\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.31054687499999,\n              33.90689555128866\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.783203125,\n              33.88865750124075\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.7392578125,\n              34.397844946449865\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.18994140625,\n              34.70549341022544\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.44287109375,\n              34.687427949314845\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.26708984375,\n              34.939985151560435\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.43212890625,\n              35.28150065789119\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5419921875,\n              35.782170703266075\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.91552734375,\n              36.77409249464195\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.89355468749999,\n              37.17782559332976\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.76171875,\n              37.50972584293751\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.234375,\n              38.134556577054134\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.03662109375,\n              38.66835610151509\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.12451171875,\n              38.87392853923629\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.37744140625,\n              39.36827914916014\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.091796875,\n              40.01078714046552\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.93798828125,\n              40.41349604970198\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.15771484375,\n              40.463666324587685\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6298828125,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.47558593749999,\n              42.65012181368025\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.90380859375,\n              42.85985981506279\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528f5411e4b0660d392beec4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mendoza, Carlos","contributorId":10313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza","given":"Carlos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zeng, Yuehua zeng@usgs.gov","contributorId":1623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"Yuehua","email":"zeng@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70055547,"text":"sir20135177 - 2013 - Results of repeat bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at the Amelia Earhart Bridge on U.S. Highway 59 over the Missouri River at Atchison, Kansas, 2009-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-13T10:10:47","indexId":"sir20135177","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-13T08:25:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5177","title":"Results of repeat bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at the Amelia Earhart Bridge on U.S. Highway 59 over the Missouri River at Atchison, Kansas, 2009-2013","docAbstract":"<p>Bathymetric and velocimetric data were collected six times by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Transportation, in the vicinity of Amelia Earhart Bridge on U.S. Highway 59 over the Missouri River at Atchison, Kansas. A multibeam echosounder mapping system and an acoustic Doppler current meter were used to obtain channel-bed elevations and depth-averaged velocities for a river reach approximately 2,300 feet long and extending across the active channel of the Missouri River. The bathymetric and velocimetric surveys provide a “snapshot” of the channel conditions at the time of each survey, and document changes to the channel-bed elevations and velocities during the course of construction of a new bridge for U.S. Highway 59 downstream from the Amelia Earhart Bridge.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The baseline survey in June 2009 revealed substantial scour holes existed at the railroad bridge piers upstream from and at pier 10 of the Amelia Earhart Bridge, with mostly uniform flow and velocities throughout the study reach. After the construction of a trestle and cofferdam on the left (eastern) bank downstream from the Amelia Earhart Bridge, a survey on June 2, 2010, revealed scour holes with similar size and shape as the baseline for similar flow conditions, with slightly higher velocities and a more substantial contraction of flow near the bridges than the baseline. Subsequent surveys during flooding conditions in June 2010 and July 2011 revealed substantial scour near the bridges compared to the baseline survey caused by the contraction of flow; however, the larger flood in July 2011 resulted in less scour than in June 2010, partly because the removal of the cofferdam for pier 5 of the new bridge in March 2011 diminished the contraction near the bridges. Generally, the downstream part of the study reach exhibited varying amounts of scour in all of the surveys except the last when compared to the baseline. During the final survey, velocities throughout the study area were the lowest of all the surveys, resulting in overall deposition throughout the reach compared to the baseline survey—despite the presence of the trestle in the final survey.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The multiple surveys at the Amelia Earhart Bridge document the effects of moderate- to high-flow conditions on scour, compounded by the effects of adding and removing a constriction in the channel. Additional factors such as pier shape and angle of approach flow also were documented.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135177","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., 2013, Results of repeat bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at the Amelia Earhart Bridge on U.S. Highway 59 over the Missouri River at Atchison, Kansas, 2009-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5177, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135177.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049424","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135177.jpg"},{"id":279043,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5177/pdf/sir2013-5177.pdf"},{"id":279042,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5177/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Kansas;Missouri","city":"Atchison;Ks;Winthrop;Mo","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.121111,39.552778 ], [ -95.121111,39.566667 ], [ -95.103611,39.566667 ], [ -95.103611,39.552778 ], [ -95.121111,39.552778 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52849f71e4b063f258e574ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huizinga, Richard J. 0000-0002-2940-2324 huizinga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-2324","contributorId":2089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huizinga","given":"Richard","email":"huizinga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70055531,"text":"fs20133087 - 2013 - Species data: National inventory of range maps and distribution models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T13:02:00","indexId":"fs20133087","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-12T15:36:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3087","title":"Species data: National inventory of range maps and distribution models","docAbstract":"<p>The Gap Analysis Project (GAP) produces data and tools that help meet critical national challenges such as biodiversity conservation, renewable energy development, climate change adaptation, and infrastructure investment. The GAP species data includes vertebrate range maps and distribution models for the continental United States, as well as Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands. The vertebrate species include amphibians, birds, mammals, and reptiles. Furthermore, data used to create the distribution models (for example, percent canopy cover, elevation, and so forth) also are available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133087","collaboration":"Gap Analysis Project","usgsCitation":"Gergely, K.J., and McKerrow, A., 2013, Species data: National inventory of range maps and distribution models: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3087, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133087.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035322","costCenters":[{"id":38315,"text":"GAP Analysis Project","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133087.jpg"},{"id":279026,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3087/"},{"id":279034,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3087/pdf/fs2013-3087.pdf","text":"Report","size":"125.46 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"fs2013-3087"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-66.59993,17.98182],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-156.02368,19.81422],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.91907,20.17395],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.78505,20.2487],[-155.40214,20.07975],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-155.06226,19.8591],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-154.83147,19.45328],[-155.22217,19.23972],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.58673,20.783],[-156.70167,20.8643],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-156.78933,21.06873],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-157.70703,21.26442],[-157.7786,21.27729],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.2538,21.53919],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.94161,21.65272],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.74877,22.1382],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-94.81758,49.38905],[-94.64,48.84],[-94.32914,48.67074],[-93.63087,48.60926],[-92.61,48.45],[-91.64,48.14],[-90.83,48.27],[-89.6,48.01],[-89.27292,48.01981],[-88.37811,48.30292],[-87.43979,47.94],[-86.46199,47.55334],[-85.65236,47.22022],[-84.87608,46.90008],[-84.77924,46.6371],[-84.54375,46.53868],[-84.6049,46.4396],[-84.3367,46.40877],[-84.14212,46.51223],[-84.09185,46.27542],[-83.89077,46.11693],[-83.61613,46.11693],[-83.46955,45.99469],[-83.59285,45.81689],[-82.55092,45.34752],[-82.33776,44.44],[-82.13764,43.57109],[-82.43,42.98],[-82.9,42.43],[-83.12,42.08],[-83.142,41.97568],[-83.02981,41.8328],[-82.69009,41.67511],[-82.43928,41.67511],[-81.27775,42.20903],[-80.24745,42.3662],[-78.93936,42.86361],[-78.92,42.965],[-79.01,43.27],[-79.17167,43.46634],[-78.72028,43.62509],[-77.73789,43.62906],[-76.82003,43.62878],[-76.5,44.01846],[-76.375,44.09631],[-75.31821,44.81645],[-74.867,45.00048],[-73.34783,45.00738],[-71.50506,45.0082],[-71.405,45.255],[-71.08482,45.30524],[-70.66,45.46],[-70.305,45.915],[-69.99997,46.69307],[-69.23722,47.44778],[-68.905,47.185],[-68.23444,47.35486],[-67.79046,47.06636],[-67.79134,45.70281],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-69.06,43.98],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-70.64,41.475],[-71.12039,41.49445],[-71.86,41.32],[-72.295,41.27],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.20002,39.24845],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.37747,38.01551],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.86804,36.55125],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.08801,26.20576],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.24,26.73],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.28784,29.68612],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-93.84842,29.71363],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-98.24,26.06],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.3,26.84],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.45584,28.69612],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-104.70575,30.12173],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-105.63159,31.08383],[-106.1429,31.39995],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.75485],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-109.035,31.34194],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-113.30498,32.03914],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-115.99135,32.61239],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-122.95319,38.11371],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-124.02053,44.6159],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.39567,47.72017],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.5,48.18],[-122.84,49],[-120,49],[-117.03121,49],[-116.04818,49],[-113,49],[-110.05,49],[-107.05,49],[-104.04826,48.99986],[-100.65,49],[-97.22872,49.0007],[-95.15907,49],[-95.15609,49.38425],[-94.81758,49.38905]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.76278,57.81657],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-166.84834,59.94141],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-169.68251,63.43112],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-168.77194,63.1886],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.29056,63.19444],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]],[[[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-147.61336,70.21403],[-145.68999,70.12001],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-142.07251,69.85194],[-140.98599,69.712],[-140.9925,66.00003],[-140.99777,60.3064],[-140.013,60.27684],[-139.039,60.00001],[-138.34089,59.56211],[-137.4525,58.905],[-136.47972,59.46389],[-135.47583,59.78778],[-134.945,59.27056],[-134.27111,58.86111],[-133.35555,58.41029],[-132.73042,57.69289],[-131.70781,56.55212],[-130.00778,55.91583],[-129.97999,55.285],[-130.53611,54.80275],[-131.08582,55.17891],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-135.03821,58.18771],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-140.82527,59.72752],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-145.92556,60.45861],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-148.57082,59.91417],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-150.60824,59.36821],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-155.30749,57.72779],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-161.22305,55.36473],[-162.23777,55.02419],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-163.84834,55.03943],[-162.87,55.34804],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-158.68444,57.01668],[-158.4611,57.21692],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-164.66222,60.26748],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-161.39193,64.77724],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-166.70527,66.08832],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-164.43099,67.61634],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-160.9348,70.44769],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"United States\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52834e08e4b047efbbb47bd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gergely, Kevin J. 0000-0002-4379-2189 gergely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4379-2189","contributorId":2706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gergely","given":"Kevin","email":"gergely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKerrow, Alexa 0000-0002-8312-2905 amckerrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8312-2905","contributorId":4542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKerrow","given":"Alexa","email":"amckerrow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":486137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048248,"text":"70048248 - 2013 - Quaternary ostracodes and molluscs from the Rukwa Basin (Tanzania) and their evolutionary and paleobiogeographic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T12:23:18","indexId":"70048248","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-12T11:01:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary ostracodes and molluscs from the Rukwa Basin (Tanzania) and their evolutionary and paleobiogeographic implications","docAbstract":"Much of the spectacular biodiversity of the African Great Lakes is endemic to single lake basins so that the margins of these basins or their lakes coincide with biogeographic boundaries. Longstanding debate surrounds the evolution of these endemic species, the stability of bioprovinces, and the exchange of faunas between them over geologic time as the rift developed. Because these debates are currently unsettled, we are uncertain of how much existing distribution patterns are determined by modern hydrological barriers versus reflecting past history. This study reports on late Quaternary fossils from the Rukwa Basin and integrates geological and paleoecological data to explore faunal exchange between freshwater bioprovinces, in particular with Lake Tanganyika. Lake Rukwa's water level showed large fluctuations over the last 25 ky, and for most of this period the lake contained large habitat diversity, with different species assemblages and taphonomic controls along its northern and southern shores. Comparison of fossil and modern invertebrate assemblages suggests faunal persistence through the Last Glacial Maximum, but with an extirpation event that occurred in the last 5 ky. Some of the molluscs and ostracodes studied here are closely related to taxa (or part of clades) that are currently endemic to Lake Tanganyika, but others testify to wider and perhaps older faunal exchanges between the Rukwa bioprovince and those of Lake Malawi and the Upper Congo (in particular Lake Mweru). The Rukwa Basin has a long history of rifting and lacustrine conditions and, at least temporarily, its ecosystems appear to have functioned as satellites to Lake Tanganyika in which intralacustrine speciation occurred. Paleontological studies of the Rukwa faunas are particularly relevant because of the basin's important role in the late Cenozoic biogeography of tropical Africa, and because many of the molecular traces potentially revealing this history would have been erased in the late Holocene extirpation.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.09.007","usgsCitation":"Cohen, A.S., Van Bocxlaer, B., Todd, J.A., McGlue, M., Michel, E., Nkotagu, H.H., Grove, A., and Delvaux, D., 2013, Quaternary ostracodes and molluscs from the Rukwa Basin (Tanzania) and their evolutionary and paleobiogeographic implications: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 392, p. 79-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.09.007.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-045373","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279009,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279008,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.09.007"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Rukwa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 29.1544,-10.0021 ], [ 29.1544,-6.0538 ], [ 34.8123,-6.0538 ], [ 34.8123,-10.0021 ], [ 29.1544,-10.0021 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"392","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52834e07e4b047efbbb47bcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohen, Andrew S.","contributorId":100989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Bocxlaer, Bert","contributorId":43662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Bocxlaer","given":"Bert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Todd, Jonathan A.","contributorId":89795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGlue, Michael","contributorId":77032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlue","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Michel, Ellinor","contributorId":20639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Ellinor","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nkotagu, Hudson H.","contributorId":64146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nkotagu","given":"Hudson","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Grove, A.T.","contributorId":74282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Delvaux, Damien","contributorId":39279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delvaux","given":"Damien","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70055514,"text":"70055514 - 2013 - Quantifying groundwater’s role in delaying improvements to Chesapeake Bay water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T19:13:08.761183","indexId":"70055514","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-12T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying groundwater’s role in delaying improvements to Chesapeake Bay water quality","docAbstract":"<p><span>A study has been undertaken to determine the time required for the effects of nitrogen-reducing best management practices (BMPs) implemented at the land surface to reach the Chesapeake Bay via groundwater transport to streams. To accomplish this, a nitrogen mass-balance regression (NMBR) model was developed and applied to seven watersheds on the Delmarva Peninsula. The model included the distribution of groundwater return times obtained from a regional groundwater-flow (GWF) model, the history of nitrogen application at the land surface over the last century, and parameters that account for denitrification. The model was (1) able to reproduce nitrate concentrations in streams and wells over time, including a recent decline in the rate at which concentrations have been increasing, and (2) used to forecast future nitrogen delivery from the Delmarva Peninsula to the Bay given different scenarios of nitrogen load reduction to the water table. The relatively deep porous aquifers of the Delmarva yield longer groundwater return times than those reported earlier for western parts of the Bay watershed. Accordingly, several decades will be required to see the full effects of current and future BMPs. The magnitude of this time lag is critical information for Chesapeake Bay watershed managers and stakeholders.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es401334k","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., and Pope, J.P., 2013, Quantifying groundwater’s role in delaying improvements to Chesapeake Bay water quality: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 23, p. 13330-13338, https://doi.org/10.1021/es401334k.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"13330","endPage":"13338","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-049267","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es401334k","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":279000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay, Delmarva Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.9797,36.9078 ], [ -76.9797,39.7787 ], [ -74.4378,39.7787 ], [ -74.4378,36.9078 ], [ -76.9797,36.9078 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"47","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52834e07e4b047efbbb47bc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, Jason P. 0000-0003-3199-993X jpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3199-993X","contributorId":2044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Jason","email":"jpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70049043,"text":"sir20135159 - 2013 - Simulation of climate-change effects on streamflow, lake water budgets, and stream temperature using GSFLOW and SNTEMP, Trout Lake Watershed, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-12T09:35:51","indexId":"sir20135159","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-12T09:28:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5159","title":"Simulation of climate-change effects on streamflow, lake water budgets, and stream temperature using GSFLOW and SNTEMP, Trout Lake Watershed, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Although groundwater and surface water are considered a single resource, historically hydrologic simulations have not accounted for feedback loops between the groundwater system and other hydrologic processes. These feedbacks include timing and rates of evapotranspiration, surface runoff, soil-zone flow, and interactions with the groundwater system. Simulations that iteratively couple the surface-water and groundwater systems, however, are characterized by long run times and calibration challenges. In this study, calibrated, uncoupled transient surface-water and steady-state groundwater models were used to construct one coupled transient groundwater/surface-water model for the Trout Lake Watershed in north-central Wisconsin, USA. The computer code GSFLOW (Ground-water/Surface-water FLOW) was used to simulate the coupled hydrologic system; a surface-water model represented hydrologic processes in the atmosphere, at land surface, and within the soil-zone, and a groundwater-flow model represented the unsaturated zone, saturated zone, stream, and lake budgets. The coupled GSFLOW model was calibrated by using heads, streamflows, lake levels, actual evapotranspiration rates, solar radiation, and snowpack measurements collected during water years 1998–2007; calibration was performed by using advanced features present in the PEST parameter estimation software suite.\n\nSimulated streamflows from the calibrated GSFLOW model and other basin characteristics were used as input to the one-dimensional SNTEMP (Stream-Network TEMPerature) model to simulate daily stream temperature in selected tributaries in the watershed. The temperature model was calibrated to high-resolution stream temperature time-series data measured in 2002. The calibrated GSFLOW and SNTEMP models were then used to simulate effects of potential climate change for the period extending to the year 2100. An ensemble of climate models and emission scenarios was evaluated. Downscaled climate drivers for the period 2010–2100 showed increases in maximum and minimum temperature over the scenario period. Scenarios of future precipitation did not show a monotonic trend like temperature. Uncertainty in the climate drivers increased over time for both temperature and precipitation.\n\nSeparate calibration of the uncoupled groundwater and surface-water models did not provide a representative initial parameter set for coupled model calibration. A sequentially linked calibration, in which the uncoupled models were linked by means of utility software, provided a starting parameter set suitable for coupled model calibration. Even with sequentially linked calibration, however, transmissivity of the lower part of the aquifer required further adjustment during coupled model calibration to attain reasonable parameter values for evaporation rates off a small seepage lake (a lake with no appreciable surface-water outlets) with a long history of study. The resulting coupled model was well calibrated to most types of observed time-series data used for calibration. Daily stream temperatures measured during 2002 were successfully simulated with SNTEMP; the model fit was acceptable for a range of groundwater inflow rates into the streams.\n\nForecasts of potential climate change scenarios showed growing season length increasing by weeks, and both potential and actual evapotranspiration rates increasing appreciably, in response to increasing air temperature. Simulated actual evapotranspiration rates increased less than simulated potential evapotranspiration rates as a result of water limitation in the root zone during the summer high-evapotranspiration period. The hydrologic-system response to climate change was characterized by a reduction in the importance of the snow-melt pulse and an increase in the importance of fall and winter groundwater recharge. The less dynamic hydrologic regime is likely to result in drier soil conditions in rainfed wetlands and uplands, in contrast to less drying in groundwater-fed systems. Seepage lakes showed larger forecast stage declines related to climate change than did drainage lakes (lakes with outlet streams). Seepage lakes higher in the watershed (nearer to groundwater divides) had less groundwater inflow and thus had larger forecast declines in lake stage; however, ground-water inflow to seepage lakes in general tended to increase as a fraction of the lake budgets with lake-stage decline because inward hydraulic gradients increased. Drainage lakes were characterized by less simulated stage decline as reductions in outlet streamflow of set losses to other water flows. Net groundwater inflow tended to decrease in drainage lakes over the scenario period.\n\nSimulated stream temperatures increased appreciably with climate change. The estimated increase in annual average temperature ranged from approximately 1 to 2 degrees Celsius by 2100 in the stream characterized by a high groundwater inflow rate and 2 to 3 degrees Celsius in the stream with a lower rate. The climate drivers used for the climate-change scenarios had appreciable variation between the General Circulation Model and emission scenario selected; this uncertainty was reflected in hydrologic flow and temperature model results. Thus, as with all forecasts of this type, the results are best considered to approximate potential outcomes of climate change.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135159","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program; Climate and Land Use Change Research & Development","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., Walker, J.F., Selbig, W.R., Westenbroek, S.M., and Regan, R.S., 2013, Simulation of climate-change effects on streamflow, lake water budgets, and stream temperature using GSFLOW and SNTEMP, Trout Lake Watershed, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5159, vi, 118 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135159.","productDescription":"vi, 118 p.","numberOfPages":"128","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-050362","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278998,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135159.jpg"},{"id":278996,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5159/"},{"id":278997,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5159/pdf/sir2013-5159.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Trout Lake Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.733333,45.133333 ], [ -89.733333,46.133333 ], [ -89.533333,46.133333 ], [ -89.533333,45.133333 ], [ -89.733333,45.133333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52834e08e4b047efbbb47bd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Selbig, William R. 0000-0003-1403-8280 wrselbig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1403-8280","contributorId":877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbig","given":"William","email":"wrselbig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Westenbroek, Stephen M. 0000-0002-6284-8643 smwesten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6284-8643","contributorId":2210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenbroek","given":"Stephen","email":"smwesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Regan, R. Steve 0000-0003-4803-8596 rsregan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4803-8596","contributorId":2633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regan","given":"R.","email":"rsregan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Steve","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70049066,"text":"ds709Z - 2013 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Kandahar mineral district in Afghanistan","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70049066,"text":"ds709Z - 2013 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Kandahar mineral district in Afghanistan","indexId":"ds709Z","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"Z","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Kandahar mineral district in Afghanistan"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040370,"text":"ds709 - 2012 - Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","indexId":"ds709","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70040370,"text":"ds709 - 2012 - Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","indexId":"ds709","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T16:47:32.091965","indexId":"ds709Z","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-11T13:21:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"Z","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Kandahar mineral district in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Kandahar mineral district, which has bauxite deposits.\n\nALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420-500 nanometer, nm), green (520-600 nm), red (610-690 nm), and near-infrared (760-890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520-770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ((c)JAXA,2006,2007,2008), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement. \n\nThe selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar- elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. Therefore, it was necessary to (1) register the 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery to a well-controlled Landsat image base, (2) mosaic the individual multispectral images into a single image of the entire area of interest, (3) register each panchromatic image to the registered multispectral image base, and (4) mosaic the individual panchromatic images into a single image of the entire area of interest. The two image- registration steps were facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative- reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band's picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 500-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area- enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands).\n\nAll image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area's local zone (42 for Kandahar) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into eight overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The eight image tiles (or quadrants) for the Kandahar area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image. Within the Kandahar study area, two subareas were designated for detailed field investigations (that is, the Obatu-Shela and Sekhab-Zamto Kalay subareas); these subareas were extracted from the area's image mosaic and are provided as separate embedded geotiff images.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709Z","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense <a href=\"http://tfbso.defense.gov/www/\" target=\"_blank\">Task Force for Business and Stability Operations</a> and the <a href=\"http://www.bgs.ac.uk/AfghanMinerals/\" target=\"_blank\">Afghanistan Geological Survey</a>.","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., 2013, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Kandahar mineral district in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, Readme; 2 maps: 69.11 x 73.07 inches and 11 x 8.5 inches; 20 Image Files; 20 Metadata Files; 1 Shapefile, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709Z.","productDescription":"Readme; 2 maps: 69.11 x 73.07 inches and 11 x 8.5 inches; 20 Image Files; 20 Metadata Files; 1 Shapefile","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051558","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds709z.jpg"},{"id":278985,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/z/"},{"id":278990,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/z/index_maps/Kandahar_Area-of-Interest_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":278992,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/z/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":278994,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/z/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":278989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/z/1_readme.txt"},{"id":278991,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/z/index_maps/Kandahar_Image_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":278995,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/z/index_maps/index_maps.html"},{"id":278993,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/z/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"}],"country":"Afghanistan","otherGeospatial":"Kandahar Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 65.416667,31.0 ], [ 65.416667,32.75 ], [ 65.75,32.75 ], [ 65.75,31.0 ], [ 65.416667,31.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5281fc5ee4b08f1425d63da1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":486100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}