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Part 8. Western Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:08","indexId":"wsp1212","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1212","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1951. Part 8. Western Gulf of Mexico basins","docAbstract":"This volume is one of a series of 18 reports presenting measurements of stage, discharge, and content of streams, lakes, and reservoirs in the United States during the water year ending September 30, 1951. Since 1888, when the United States Geological Survey first studied streamflow in relation to problems of irrigation, similar measurements have been made at more than 12,400 gaging stations in the 48 States and at many others in the Territories of Alaska and Hawaii. On September 30, 1951, the Geological Survey and cooperating organization' were maintaining 6,730 gaging stations, including those in Alaska and Hawaii. \r\nMiscellaneous discharge measurements were made at many other points in the 1951 water year.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1212","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1953, Surface water supply of the United States, 1951. Part 8. Western Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1212, x, 391 p. :ill., map ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1212.","productDescription":"x, 391 p. :ill., map ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1212/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25209,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1212/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":798,"text":"wsp1165 - 1953 - Water levels and artesian pressures in observation wells in the United States, 1950, Part 1, Northeastern States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:09","indexId":"wsp1165","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1165","title":"Water levels and artesian pressures in observation wells in the United States, 1950, Part 1, Northeastern States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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Three major aquifers underlie the Milwaukee-Waukesha area: sandstones of Cambrian and Ordovician age, Niagara dolomite of Silurian age, and sand and gravel deposits of Pleistocene age. The Maquoketa shale of Ordovician age acts as a more or less effective seal between the Pleistocene deposits and Niagara dolomite above and the sandstone aquifer below. Crystalline rocks of pre-Cambrian age form an impermeable basement complex below the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. The Paleozoic strata dip east at 25 to 30 feet to the mile. There is no evidence that any of the faults and folds known or surmised to be present acts as a barrier to the movement of ground water.

\n

The bedrock surface underlying the Milwaukee-Waukesha area is formed by the Niagara dolomite except in northeastern Milwaukee County, where it is dolomite and shale of the Milwaukee formation of Devonian age, and in some of the preglacial valleys where the uppermost bedrock formation is the Maquoketa shale. Unconsolidated deposits of glacial drift cover the surface of the bedrock almost completely.

\n

Buried valleys in the bedrock surface contain as much as 150 feet of water-bearing sand and gravel deposits. These deposits, along with the Niagara dolomite, could be developed as sources of water supplemental to that of the sandstone aquifer. The Niagara dolomite is an important aquifer; it yields water from crevices and solution channels.

\n

The sandstone aquifer consists of the Galena dolomite, the Platteville limestone, and the St. Peter sandstone of Ordovician age, and the Eau Claire and Mount Simon sandstones of Cambrian age. The St. Peter and Mount Simon are the most productive formations but the others supply some water to wells.

\n

Static water levels in the shallow aquifers have not declined to any great extent except in downtown Milwaukee, where a 50-foot-deep cone of depression exists. Static water levels in the sandstone aquifer declined as much as 350 feet in the Milwaukee area from 1880 through 1950.

\n

Recharge to the two shallow aquifers occurs locally from precipitation within the area. The major recharge area of the sandstone aquifer lies about 25 miles west of Wauwatosa. Some ground water is recharged to the sandstone aquifer locally by leakage from the Niagara dolomite, mostly through deep uncased wells.

\n

Ground water is the source of six municipal supplies and many industrial and commercial supplies in the area. Pumpage from deep wells has increased from about 2.5 mgd in 1900 to about 25 mgd in 1949, of which 6.0 mgd was derived from the shallow aquifers. The total withdrawal from the shallow aquifers, including the 6.0 mgd from the deep wells, was about 19.5 mgd in 1949. Thus the total in 1949 was 38.5 mgd for the area as a whole.

\n

Coefficients of transmissibility and storage for the sandstone aquifer were obtained by means of controlled pumping tests at Wauwatosa, Waukesha, Greendale, Town of Lake, and Jefferson. The coefficients were used to calculate the amount of water recharged from the Niagara dolomite to the sandstone aquifer in the area. About 5.5 mgd of the 23 mgd pumped from deep wells in 1950 was supplied locally by leakage from the Niagara dolomite. The coefficients, with corrections for boundaries, were also applied to past records of pumpage to calculate the water-level decline in the sandstone aquifer at Wauwatosa from 1880 through 1950. The calculated decline was 317 feet, and the actual decline was 307 feet.

\n

The future water-level decline in the sandstone aquifer at Wauwatosa resulting from estimated future pumping conditions was computed. If the pumpage in the area as ?. whole increases from about 23 mgd in 1950 to about 28 mgd in 1960, the water levels at Wauwatosa will decline as much as 65 feet more by 1960.

\n

It is estimated that the available recharge to the sandstone aquifer underlying the Milwaukee-Waukesha area is approximately 60 mgd.

\n

It is recommended that new deep wells be located to the west toward the recharge area and that the shallow aquifers be used as auxiliary sources to void excessive lowering of water levels in the sandstone aquifers.

\n

Conservation should be practiced by all users of ground water to avoid waste resulting in lower water levels and higher pumping costs.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1229","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Foley, F.C., Walton, W., and Drescher, W., 1953, Ground-water conditions in the Milwaukee-Waukesha area, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1229, Report: v, 96 p.; 7 Plates: 12.50 x 10.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1229.","productDescription":"Report: v, 96 p.; 7 Plates: 12.50 x 10.00 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"101","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429368,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24285.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":26432,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1229/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26431,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1229/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26430,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1229/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26429,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1229/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26428,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1229/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26427,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1229/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26434,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1229/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137543,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1229/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26433,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1229/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Milwaukee County, Waukesha County","city":"Milwaukee, Waukesha","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-87.8949,43.1947],[-87.8937,43.1938],[-87.8906,43.1901],[-87.8869,43.1864],[-87.8852,43.1805],[-87.8834,43.1759],[-87.8816,43.1718],[-87.8823,43.1673],[-87.885,43.1605],[-87.8883,43.1551],[-87.8922,43.1483],[-87.8955,43.1438],[-87.8981,43.1402],[-87.9007,43.1348],[-87.9014,43.1302],[-87.9016,43.1243],[-87.8991,43.1202],[-87.8924,43.1142],[-87.8869,43.1077],[-87.8845,43.1041],[-87.8789,43.1004],[-87.874,43.0953],[-87.8716,43.0898],[-87.8688,43.0752],[-87.8639,43.0724],[-87.8652,43.0684],[-87.878,43.0585],[-87.8876,43.0495],[-87.896,43.0405],[-87.8992,43.0347],[-87.9012,43.0311],[-87.9045,43.0234],[-87.9065,43.0179],[-87.9059,43.0166],[-87.9035,43.0152],[-87.8973,43.0124],[-87.8924,43.0064],[-87.8906,43.0036],[-87.8862,43.0027],[-87.885,43.0017],[-87.8832,42.9963],[-87.866,42.9833],[-87.8598,42.9782],[-87.8537,42.9718],[-87.8513,42.969],[-87.8483,42.9654],[-87.8465,42.9612],[-87.8448,42.9535],[-87.8452,42.9376],[-87.8474,42.9244],[-87.8462,42.9189],[-87.842,42.9134],[-87.8414,42.9116],[-87.8415,42.908],[-87.8472,42.9039],[-87.8492,42.9008],[-87.8506,42.894],[-87.8483,42.8835],[-87.8466,42.8789],[-87.8454,42.8748],[-87.8436,42.8707],[-87.8388,42.8634],[-87.8376,42.8597],[-87.8347,42.8542],[-87.8298,42.8492],[-87.8268,42.8446],[-87.8355,42.8447],[-87.9524,42.8448],[-88.0699,42.8447],[-88.1868,42.8451],[-88.3044,42.8444],[-88.5413,42.8445],[-88.5413,42.9341],[-88.5407,43.0232],[-88.5407,43.111],[-88.5401,43.1978],[-88.4183,43.1964],[-88.3027,43.1954],[-88.1827,43.1948],[-88.0639,43.194],[-87.9873,43.1945],[-87.9433,43.1949],[-87.8949,43.1947]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Milwaukee\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d191","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Frank Clingan","contributorId":74732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Clingan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walton, W.C.","contributorId":105694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drescher, W.J.","contributorId":35713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drescher","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2456,"text":"wsp1176 - 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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1163","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1953, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1949 : Parts 7 -14: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1163, x, 504 p. :ill. ;25 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1163.","productDescription":"x, 504 p. :ill. ;25 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1163/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28541,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1163/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2471,"text":"wsp1182 - 1953 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1950, Part 12, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp1182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1182","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1950, Part 12, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1182","usgsCitation":"Paulsen, C.G., 1953, Surface water supply of the United States, 1950, Part 12, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1182, ix, 363 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1182.","productDescription":"ix, 363 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1182/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28547,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1182/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69676e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paulsen, Carl Gustave","contributorId":21934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulsen","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"Gustave","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2472,"text":"wsp1203 - 1953 - Surface water-supply of the United States, 1951, Part II-A, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, James River to Savannah River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp1203","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1203","title":"Surface water-supply of the United States, 1951, Part II-A, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, James River to Savannah River","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1203","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1953, Surface water-supply of the United States, 1951, Part II-A, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, James River to Savannah River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1203, viii, 266 p. :ill. ;25 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1203.","productDescription":"viii, 266 p. :ill. ;25 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1203/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28548,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1203/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db6912f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2563,"text":"wsp1140 - 1953 - Geology and ground-water resources of the Egbert-Pine Bluffs-Carpenter area, Laramie County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T20:13:35.023182","indexId":"wsp1140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1140","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the Egbert-Pine Bluffs-Carpenter area, Laramie County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1140","usgsCitation":"Rapp, J.R., Warner, D.A., and Morgan, A.M., 1953, Geology and ground-water resources of the Egbert-Pine Bluffs-Carpenter area, Laramie County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1140, Report: v, 67 p.; 3 Plates: 17.00 x 16.34 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1140.","productDescription":"Report: v, 67 p.; 3 Plates: 17.00 x 16.34 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411733,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24234.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":28829,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1140/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28828,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1140/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28827,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1140/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28826,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1140/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138582,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1140/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Laramie County","otherGeospatial":"Egbert-Pine Bluffs-Carpenter area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.475,\n 41.304\n ],\n [\n -104.475,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -104.057,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -104.057,\n 41.304\n ],\n [\n -104.475,\n 41.304\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6855fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rapp, J. R.","contributorId":29394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapp","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, D. A.","contributorId":67160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, Arthur Mitchell","contributorId":92104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"Mitchell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2692,"text":"wsp1220 - 1953 - Irrigation and streamflow depletion in Columbia River basin above The Dalles, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T20:37:28.914126","indexId":"wsp1220","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1220","title":"Irrigation and streamflow depletion in Columbia River basin above The Dalles, Oregon","docAbstract":"The Columbia River is the largest stream in western United States. Above The Dalles, Oregon, it drains an area of 237,000 square miles, of which 39,000 square miles is in Canada. This area is largely mountainous and lies between the Rocky Mountains and the Cascade Range. The Kootenai, Pend Oreille, and Snake Rivers are the principal tributaries. Precipitation varies from 7 inches near Kennewick, Wash. to over 100 inches in some of the mountainous regions. Most of the runoff occurs in the spring and summer months as a result of melting snow. Precipitation is generally light during the summer months, and irrigation is necessary for sustained crop production. \r\n\r\nHistorical data indicate that irrigation in the Columbia River basin began prior to 1840 at the site of missions established near Walla Walla, Wash. and Lewiston, Idaho. During the next half century the increase in irrigated area was slow and by 1890 included only 506,000 acres. The period 1890 to 1910 was marked by phenomenal increase to a total of 2,276,000 acres in 1910. Since that time there has been more gradual addition to a total of 4,004,S00 acres of irrigated land in 1946 in the Columbia River basin above The Dalles, Oreg. Of this total 918,000 acres were located in the Columbia Basin above the mouth of the Snake River; 2,830,000 acres in the Snake River basin, and the balance, 256,000 acres below the mouth of the Snake River. \r\n\r\nValues of net consumptive use were determined or estimated for various tributary basins of the Columbia River basin and compared to available experimental data. These values were then used to compute the average depletion which could be directly attributed to irrigation. The yield of a drainage basin was considered to be the rum of the ob- served runoff and the estimated depletion. For purposes of comparison, the depletion was expressed both in terms of acre-feet and as a percentage of the yield of the basin. This percentage depletion varied from less than 1 percent for many tributary basins to 53 percent for the portion of the Snake River basin between Heise and King Hill, Idaho. For the Columbia River near The Dalles, Oreg., the average depletion during the period 1921 through 1945, amounted to 4,7 percent of the yield and the depletion represented by the 1946 stage of irrigation development amounted to 5.3 percent of the long-term yield.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1220","usgsCitation":"Simons, W.D., 1953, Irrigation and streamflow depletion in Columbia River basin above The Dalles, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1220, iv, 126 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1220.","productDescription":"iv, 126 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138818,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1220/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":421287,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24239.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":29049,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1220/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -121.25,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -121.25,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 49\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9fe4b07f02db6618fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simons, Wilbur Douglas","contributorId":102469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Wilbur","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13908,"text":"ofr5381 - 1953 - Quercetin as a colorimetric reagent for zirconium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-25T16:47:25.954005","indexId":"ofr5381","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-81","title":"Quercetin as a colorimetric reagent for zirconium","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5381","usgsCitation":"Grimaldi, F.S., 1953, Quercetin as a colorimetric reagent for zirconium: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-81, iv, 93 p, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5381.","productDescription":"iv, 93 p","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":494730,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0081/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145409,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0081/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"plainLanguageSummary":"


","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a115","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimaldi, Frank Saverio","contributorId":103288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimaldi","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Saverio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51279,"text":"ofr53106 - 1953 - Prospecting by heavy mineral studies (Shlikovye izyakaniia), abstracted from a report in Russian by A. P. Sigov","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-12T14:52:54.335957","indexId":"ofr53106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-106","title":"Prospecting by heavy mineral studies (Shlikovye izyakaniia), abstracted from a report in Russian by A. P. Sigov","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr53106","collaboration":"From transactions of the Ural Scientific Research Institute of Geology, Prospecting and Economic Mineralogy and Sverdlovsk Mining Institute, no. 4, 64 pp., 1939","usgsCitation":"Sigov, A., and Hawkes, H.E., 1953, Prospecting by heavy mineral studies (Shlikovye izyakaniia), abstracted from a report in Russian by A. P. Sigov: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-106, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr53106.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178566,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0106/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":498541,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0106/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d807","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sigov, A.P.","contributorId":74632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigov","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawkes, Herbert Edwin","contributorId":36226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkes","given":"Herbert","email":"","middleInitial":"Edwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51258,"text":"ofr5380 - 1953 - Geologic map and structure sections of the Mullan and vicinity quadrangle, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:31","indexId":"ofr5380","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-80","title":"Geologic map and structure sections of the Mullan and vicinity quadrangle, Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5380","usgsCitation":"Griggs, A.B., Wallace, R.E., and Hobbs, S.W., 1953, Geologic map and structure sections of the Mullan and vicinity quadrangle, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-80, 2 sheets, no text, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5380.","productDescription":"2 sheets, no text","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":86503,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0080/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86504,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0080/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a35ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griggs, A. B.","contributorId":29412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griggs","given":"A.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallace, R. E.","contributorId":6823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hobbs, S. W.","contributorId":29793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobbs","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":12596,"text":"ofr5312 - 1953 - Geologic map of the Golconda tungsten deposit, Humboldt County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-24T19:10:31.523442","indexId":"ofr5312","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-12","title":"Geologic map of the Golconda tungsten deposit, Humboldt County, Nevada","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5312","usgsCitation":"Bateman, P.D., 1953, Geologic map of the Golconda tungsten deposit, Humboldt County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-12, 1 Plate: 18.30 x 27.97 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5312.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 18.30 x 27.97 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":496044,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7890.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":41010,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0012/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144643,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Humboldt County","otherGeospatial":"Golconda tungsten deposit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.431,\n 40.954\n ],\n [\n -117.431,\n 40.939\n ],\n [\n -117.419,\n 40.939\n ],\n [\n -117.419,\n 40.954\n ],\n [\n -117.431,\n 40.954\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69834b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bateman, Paul D.","contributorId":76315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3681,"text":"cir228 - 1953 - A thick coal bed near Lake De Smet, Johnson County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"cir228","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"228","title":"A thick coal bed near Lake De Smet, Johnson County, Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/cir228","usgsCitation":"Mapel, W.J., Schopf, J.M., and Gill, J.R., 1953, A thick coal bed near Lake De Smet, Johnson County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 228, iii, 47 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir228.","productDescription":"iii, 47 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0228/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30730,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0228/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30731,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0228/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30732,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0228/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30733,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0228/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5bdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mapel, W. 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No abstract available.

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This paper reviews an experimental geochemical prospecting survey in the Blackbird cobalt-copper mining district. The district is in east-central Idaho, about 20 miles west-southwest of Salmon. The area is one of deeply weathered nearly flat-topped upland surfaces cut by steep-walled valleys which are tributary to the canyon of Panther Creek. Most of the area has a relatively heavy vegetative cover, and outcrops are scarce except on the sides of the steeper valleys* Because of the importance of the surficial deposits and soils and the physiographic history of the region on the interpretation of the geochemical data, a separate chapter on this subject by Gerald H. Richmond follows the following brief description of the geology of the district.

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No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf10","usgsCitation":"Leonard, B.F., 1953, Magnetite deposits and magnetic anomalies of the Spruce Mountain tract, St. Lawrence County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 10, 1 Plate: 53.84 x 36.51 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf10.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 53.84 x 36.51 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0010/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":486588,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0010/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"St. Lawrence County","otherGeospatial":"Spruce Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.00111111111111,44.20138888888889 ], [ -75.00111111111111,44.25055555555556 ], [ -74.9675,44.25055555555556 ], [ -74.9675,44.20138888888889 ], [ -75.00111111111111,44.20138888888889 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6493a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leonard, B. F.","contributorId":32911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"B.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}