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Sandy ocean beaches are a popular recreational destination, and often are surrounded by communities that consist of valuable real estate. Development is increasing despite the fact that coastal infrastructure may be repeatedly subjected to flooding and erosion. As a result, the demand for accurate information regarding past and present shoreline changes is increasing. Working with researchers from the University of Hawaii, investigators with the U.S. Geological Survey's National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project have compiled a comprehensive database of digital vector shorelines and shoreline-change rates for the islands of Kauai, Oahu, and Maui, Hawaii. No widely accepted standard for analyzing shoreline change currently exists. Current measurement and rate-calculation methods vary from study to study, precluding the combination of study results into statewide or regional assessments. The impetus behind the National Assessment was to develop a standardized method for measuring changes in shoreline position that is consistent from coast to coast. The goal was to facilitate the process of periodically and systematically updating the measurements in an internally consistent manner. A detailed report on shoreline change for Kauai, Maui, and Oahu that contains a discussion of the data presented here is available and cited in the Geospatial Data section of this report.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111009","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Hawaii","usgsCitation":"Romine, B.M., Fletcher, C., Genz, A., Barbee, M.M., Dyer, M., Anderson, T.R., Lim, S.C., Vitousek, S., Bochicchio, C., and Richmond, B.M., 2012, National assessment of shoreline change: A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the sandy shorelines of Kauai, Oahu, and Maui, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1009, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111009.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science 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Chyn","contributorId":86203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lim","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Chyn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vitousek, Sean","contributorId":11453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitousek","given":"Sean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bochicchio, Christopher","contributorId":45553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bochicchio","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70038308,"text":"ofr20111051 - 2012 - National assessment of shoreline change: Historical shoreline change in the Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T17:43:07","indexId":"ofr20111051","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1051","title":"National assessment of shoreline change: Historical shoreline change in the Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"

Sandy beaches of the United States are some of the most popular tourist and recreational destinations. Coastal property constitutes some of the most valuable real estate in the country. Beaches are an ephemeral environment between water and land with unique and fragile natural ecosystems that have evolved in equilibrium with the ever-changing winds, waves, and water levels. Beachfront lands are the site of intense residential and commercial development even though they are highly vulnerable to several natural hazards, including marine inundation, flooding and drainage problems, effects of storms, sea-level rise, and coastal erosion. Because the U.S. population continues to shift toward the coast where valuable coastal property is vulnerable to erosion, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting a national assessment of coastal change. One aspect of this effort, the National Assessment of Shoreline Change, uses shoreline position as a proxy for coastal change because shoreline position is one of the most commonly monitored indicators of environmental change (for example, Fletcher, 1992; Dolan and others, 1991; Douglas and others, 1998; Galgano and others, 1998). Additionally, the National Research Council (1990) recommended the use of historical shoreline analysis in the absence of a widely accepted model of shoreline change.

\n

A principal purpose of the USGS shoreline change research is to develop a common methodology so that shoreline change analyses for the continental U.S., portions of Hawaii, and Alaska can be updated periodically in a consistent and systematic manner. The primary objectives of this study were to (1) develop and implement improved methods of assessing and monitoring shoreline movement, and (2) improve current understanding of the processes controlling shoreline movement.

\n

Achieving these ongoing long-term objectives requires research that (1) examines the original sources of shoreline data (for example, maps, air photos, global positioning system (GPS), Light Detection and Ranging (lidar)); (2) evaluates the utility of different shoreline proxies (for example, geomorphic feature, water mark, tidal datum, elevation), including the errors associated with each; (3) investigates bias and potential errors associated with integrating different shoreline proxies from different sources; (4) develops standard, uniform methods of shoreline change analysis; (5) examines the effects of human activities on shoreline movement and rates of change; and (6) investigates alternative mathematical methods for calculating historical rates of change and uncertainties associated with them.

\n

This report summarizes historical shoreline changes on the three most densely populated islands of the eight main Hawaiian Islands: Kauai, Oahu, and Maui. The report emphasizes the hazard from “chronic” (decades to centuries) erosion at regional scales and strives to relate this hazard to the body of knowledge regarding coastal geology of Hawaii because of its potential impact on natural resources, the economy, and society. Results are organized by coastal regions (island side) and sub-regions (common littoral characteristics). This report of Hawaii coasts is part of a series of reports that include text summarizing methods, results, and implications of the results. In addition, geographic information system (GIS) data used in the analyses are made available for download (Romine and others, 2012). The rates of shoreline change and products presented in this report are not intended for site-specific analysis of shoreline movement, nor are they intended to replace any official source of shoreline change information identified by local or State government agencies, or other Federal entities that are used for regulatory purposes.

\n

Rates of shoreline change presented herein may differ from other published rates, and differences do not necessarily indicate that the other rates are inaccurate. Some discrepancies are to be expected, considering the many possible ways of determining shoreline positions and rates of change, and the inherent uncertainty in calculating these rates. Rates of shoreline change presented in this report represent shoreline movement under past conditions and are not intended for use in predicting future shoreline positions or future rates of shoreline change.

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Between 2001 and 2009, the Borderlands Jaguar Detection Project deployed 174 camera traps in the mountains of southern Arizona to record jaguar activity. In addition to jaguars, the motion-activated cameras, placed along known wildlife travel routes, recorded occurrences of ~ 20 other animal species. We examined temporal relationships of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and javelina (Pecari tajacu) to landscape phenology (as measured by monthly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data) and the timing of wildfire (Alambre Fire of 2007). Mixed model analyses suggest that temporal dynamics of these two species were related to vegetation phenology and natural disturbance in the Sky Island region, information important for wildlife managers faced with uncertainty regarding changing climate and disturbance regimes.

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B.","contributorId":86687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankeya","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallace, Cynthia S.A. cwallace@usgs.gov","contributorId":3335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Cynthia S.A.","email":"cwallace@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McMacken, Dennis dmcmacke@usgs.gov","contributorId":3900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMacken","given":"Dennis","email":"dmcmacke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":570475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Childs, Jack L.","contributorId":147124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Childs","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Petrakis, Roy E.","contributorId":46868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrakis","given":"Roy E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70038302,"text":"ofr20121083 - 2012 - Observations of coastal sediment dynamics of the Tijuana Estuary Fine Sediment Fate and Transport Demonstration Project, Imperial Beach, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T11:11:00","indexId":"ofr20121083","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1083","title":"Observations of coastal sediment dynamics of the Tijuana Estuary Fine Sediment Fate and Transport Demonstration Project, Imperial Beach, California","docAbstract":"Coastal restoration and management must address the presence, use, and transportation of fine sediment, yet little information exists on the patterns and/or processes of fine-sediment transport and deposition for these systems. To fill this information gap, a number of State of California, Federal, and private industry partners developed the Tijuana Estuary Fine Sediment Fate and Transport Demonstration Project (\"Demonstration Project\") with the purpose of monitoring the transport, fate, and impacts of fine sediment from beach-sediment nourishments in 2008 and 2009 near the Tijuana River estuary, Imperial Beach, California. The primary purpose of the Demonstration Project was to collect and provide information about the directions, rates, and processes of fine-sediment transport along and across a California beach and nearshore setting. To achieve these goals, the U.S. Geological Survey monitored water, beach, and seafloor properties during the 2008–2009 Demonstration Project. The project utilized sediment with ~40 percent fine sediment by mass so that the dispersal and transport of fine sediment would be easily recognizable. The purpose of this report is to present and disseminate the data collected during the physical monitoring of the Demonstration Project. These data are available online at the links noted in the \"Additional Digital Information\" section. Synthesis of these data and results will be provided in subsequent publications.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121083","usgsCitation":"Warrick, J., Rosenberger, K.J., Lam, A., Ferreira, J.C., Miller, I.M., Rippy, M., Svejkovsky, J., and Mustain, N., 2012, Observations of coastal sediment dynamics of the Tijuana Estuary Fine Sediment Fate and Transport Demonstration Project, Imperial Beach, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1083, iv, 29 p.; Downloads of Appendices 1-8, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121083.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.; Downloads of Appendices 1-8","startPage":"i","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254679,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1083/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":254686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1083.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Imperial Beach","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a8ae4b0c8380cd74216","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":48255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberger, Kurt J. krosenberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":2575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Kurt","email":"krosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lam, Angela","contributorId":37312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lam","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferreira, Joanne C. T. 0000-0001-7387-5690 jferreira@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-5690","contributorId":4845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"Joanne","email":"jferreira@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C. T.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Ian M. 0000-0002-3289-6337","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-6337","contributorId":41951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rippy, Meg","contributorId":34367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rippy","given":"Meg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Svejkovsky, Jan","contributorId":53208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svejkovsky","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mustain, Neomi","contributorId":96777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mustain","given":"Neomi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70038280,"text":"sir20125062 - 2012 - Groundwater simulation and management models for the upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-05T01:01:37","indexId":"sir20125062","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5062","title":"Groundwater simulation and management models for the upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California","docAbstract":"The upper Klamath Basin encompasses about 8,000 square miles, extending from the Cascade Range east to the Basin and Range geologic province in south-central Oregon and northern California. The geography of the basin is dominated by forested volcanic uplands separated by broad interior basins. Most of the interior basins once held broad shallow lakes and extensive wetlands, but most of these areas have been drained or otherwise modified and are now cultivated. Major parts of the interior basins are managed as wildlife refuges, primarily for migratory waterfowl. The permeable volcanic bedrock of the upper Klamath Basin hosts a substantial regional groundwater system that provides much of the flow to major streams and lakes that, in turn, provide water for wildlife habitat and are the principal source of irrigation water for the basin's agricultural economy. Increased allocation of surface water for endangered species in the past decade has resulted in increased groundwater pumping and growing interest in the use of groundwater for irrigation. The potential effects of increased groundwater pumping on groundwater levels and discharge to springs and streams has caused concern among groundwater users, wildlife and Tribal interests, and State and Federal resource managers. To provide information on the potential impacts of increased groundwater development and to aid in the development of a groundwater management strategy, the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the Oregon Water Resources Department and the Bureau of Reclamation, has developed a groundwater model that can simulate the response of the hydrologic system to these new stresses. The groundwater model was developed using the U.S. Geological Survey MODFLOW finite-difference modeling code and calibrated using inverse methods to transient conditions from 1989 through 2004 with quarterly stress periods. Groundwater recharge and agricultural and municipal pumping are specified for each stress period. All major streams and most major tributaries for which a substantial part of the flow comes from groundwater discharge are included in the model. Groundwater discharge to agricultural drains, evapotranspiration from aquifers in areas of shallow groundwater, and groundwater flow to and from adjacent basins also are simulated in key areas. The model has the capability to calculate the effects of pumping and other external stresses on groundwater levels, discharge to streams, and other boundary fluxes, such as discharge to drains. Historical data indicate that the groundwater system in the upper Klamath Basin fluctuates in response to decadal climate cycles, with groundwater levels and spring flows rising and declining in response to wet and dry periods. Data also show that groundwater levels fluctuate seasonally and interannually in response to groundwater pumping. The most prominent response is to the marked increase in groundwater pumping starting in 2001. The calibrated model is able to simulate observed decadal-scale climate-driven fluctuations in the groundwater system as well as observed shorter-term pumping-related fluctuations. Example model simulations show that the timing and location of the effects of groundwater pumping vary markedly depending on the pumping location. Pumping from wells close (within a few miles) to groundwater discharge features, such as springs, drains, and certain streams, can affect those features within weeks or months of the onset of pumping, and the impacts can be essentially fully manifested in several years. Simulations indicate that seasonal variations in pumping rates are buffered by the groundwater system, and peak impacts are closer to mean annual pumping rates than to instantaneous rates. Thus, pumping effects are, to a large degree, spread out over the entire year. When pumping locations are distant (more than several miles) from discharge features, the effects take many years or decades to fully impact those features, and much of the pumped water comes from groundwater storage over a broad geographic area even after two decades. Moreover, because the effects are spread out over a broad area, the impacts to individual features are much smaller than in the case of nearby pumping. Simulations show that the discharge features most affected by pumping in the area of the Bureau of Reclamation's Klamath Irrigation Project are agricultural drains, and impacts to other surface-water features are small in comparison. A groundwater management model was developed that uses techniques of constrained optimization along with the groundwater flow model to identify the optimal strategy to meet water user needs while not violating defined constraints on impacts to groundwater levels and streamflows. The coupled groundwater simulation-optimization models were formulated to help identify strategies to meet water demand in the upper Klamath Basin. The models maximize groundwater pumping while simultaneously keeping the detrimental impacts of pumping on groundwater levels and groundwater discharge within prescribed limits. Total groundwater withdrawals were calculated under alternative constraints for drawdown, reductions in groundwater discharge to surface water, and water demand to understand the potential benefits and limitations for groundwater development in the upper Klamath Basin. The simulation-optimization model for the upper Klamath Basin provides an improved understanding of how the groundwater and surface-water system responds to sustained groundwater pumping within the Bureau of Reclamation's Klamath Project. Optimization model results demonstrate that a certain amount of supplemental groundwater pumping can occur without exceeding defined limits on drawdown and stream capture. The results of the different applications of the model demonstrate the importance of identifying constraint limits in order to better define the amount and distribution of groundwater withdrawal that is sustainable.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the Oregon Water Resources Department?","usgsCitation":"Gannett, M.W., Wagner, B.J., and Lite, K.E., 2012, Groundwater simulation and management models for the upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5062, x, 92 p.; Figures; Tables; HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125062.","productDescription":"x, 92 p.; Figures; Tables; HTML Document","startPage":"i","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"102","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5062.jpg"},{"id":254675,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5062/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;California","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dc2e4b0c8380cd5bffa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gannett, Marshall W. 0000-0003-2498-2427 mgannett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2498-2427","contributorId":2942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannett","given":"Marshall","email":"mgannett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Brian J. bjwagner@usgs.gov","contributorId":427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Brian","email":"bjwagner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lite, Kenneth E. Jr.","contributorId":37373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lite","given":"Kenneth","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038297,"text":"sir20125046 - 2012 - Isotropic, anisotropic, and borehole washout analyses in Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II, Alaminos Canyon well 21-A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-05T01:01:37","indexId":"sir20125046","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5046","title":"Isotropic, anisotropic, and borehole washout analyses in Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II, Alaminos Canyon well 21-A","docAbstract":"Through the use of three-dimensional seismic amplitude mapping, several gas hydrate prospects were identified in the Alaminos Canyon area of the Gulf of Mexico. Two of the prospects were drilled as part of the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Program Leg II in May 2009, and a suite of logging-while-drilling logs was acquired at each well site. Logging-while-drilling logs at the Alaminos Canyon 21–A site indicate that resistivities of approximately 2 ohm-meter and P-wave velocities of approximately 1.9 kilometers per second were measured in a possible gas-hydrate-bearing target sand interval between 540 and 632 feet below the sea floor. These values are slightly elevated relative to those measured in the hydrate-free sediment surrounding the sands. The initial well log analysis is inconclusive in determining the presence of gas hydrate in the logged sand interval, mainly because large washouts in the target interval degraded well log measurements. To assess gas-hydrate saturations, a method of compensating for the effect of washouts on the resistivity and acoustic velocities is required. To meet this need, a method is presented that models the washed-out portion of the borehole as a vertical layer filled with seawater (drilling fluid). Owing to the anisotropic nature of this geometry, the apparent anisotropic resistivities and velocities caused by the vertical layer are used to correct measured log values. By incorporating the conventional marine seismic data into the well log analysis of the washout-corrected well logs, the gas-hydrate saturation at well site AC21–A was estimated to be in the range of 13 percent. Because gas hydrates in the vertical fractures were observed, anisotropic rock physics models were also applied to estimate gas-hydrate saturations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125046","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 2012, Isotropic, anisotropic, and borehole washout analyses in Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II, Alaminos Canyon well 21-A: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5046, iv, 21 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125046.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.; Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5046.png"},{"id":254677,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5046/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico;Alaminos Canyon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fc2e4b0c8380cd647d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038276,"text":"sir20125080 - 2012 - Evaluating lake stratification and temporal trends by using near-continuous water-quality data from automated profiling systems for water years 2005-09, Lake Mead, Arizona and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-04T01:01:38","indexId":"sir20125080","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5080","title":"Evaluating lake stratification and temporal trends by using near-continuous water-quality data from automated profiling systems for water years 2005-09, Lake Mead, Arizona and Nevada","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service and Southern Nevada Water Authority, collected near-continuous depth-dependent water-quality data at Lake Mead, Arizona and Nevada, as part of a multi-agency monitoring network maintained to provide resource managers with basic data and to gain a better understanding of the hydrodynamics of the lake. Water-quality data-collection stations on Lake Mead were located in shallow water (less than 20 meters) at Las Vegas Bay (Site 3) and Overton Arm, and in deep water (greater than 20 meters) near Sentinel Island and at Virgin and Temple Basins. At each station, near-continual depth-dependent water-quality data were collected from October 2004 through September 2009. The data were collected by using automatic profiling systems equipped with multiparameter water-quality sondes. The sondes had sensors for temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, and depth. Data were collected every 6 hours at 2-meter depth intervals (for shallow-water stations) or 5-meter depth intervals (for deep-water stations) beginning at 1 meter below water surface. Data were analyzed to determine water-quality conditions related to stratification of the lake and temporal trends in water-quality parameters. Three water-quality parameters were the main focus of these analyses: temperature, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen. Statistical temporal-trend analyses were performed for a single depth at shallow-water stations [Las Vegas Bay (Site 3) and Overton Arm] and for thermally-stratified lake layers at deep-water stations (Sentinel Island and Virgin Basin). The limited period of data collection at the Temple Basin station prevented the application of statistical trend analysis. During the summer months, thermal stratification was not observed at shallow-water stations, nor were major maxima or minima observed for specific-conductance or dissolved-oxygen profiles. A clearly-defined thermocline and well-defined maxima and minima in specific-conductance and dissolved-oxygen profiles were observed at deep-water stations during the summer months. Specific-conductance maxima were likely the result of inflow of water from either the Las Vegas Wash or Muddy/Virgin Rivers or both, while the minima were likely the result of inflow of water from the Colorado River. Maxima and minima for dissolved oxygen were likely the result of primary productivity blooms and their subsequent decay. Temporal-trend analyses indicated that specific conductance decreased at all stations over the period of record, except for Las Vegas Bay (Site 3), where specific conductance increased. Temperature also decreased over the period of record at deep-water stations for certain lake layers. Decreasing temperature and specific conductance at deep-water stations is the result of decreasing values in these parameters in water coming from the Colorado River. Quagga mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis), however, could play a role in trends of decreasing specific conductance through incorporation of calcite in their shells. Trends of decreasing turbidity and pH at deep-water stations support the hypothesis that quagga mussels could be having an effect on the physical properties and water chemistry of Lake Mead. Unlike other stations, Las Vegas Bay (Site 3) had increasing specific conductance and is interpreted as the result of lowering lake levels decreasing the volume of lake water available for mixing and dilution of the high-conductance water coming from Las Vegas Wash. Dissolved oxygen increased over the period of record in some lake layers at the deep-water stations. Increasing dissolved oxygen at deep-water stations is believed to result, in part, from a reduction of phosphorus entering Lake Mead and the concomitant reduction of biological oxygen demand.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125080","collaboration":"In cooperation with the National Park Service and Southern Nevada Water Authority","usgsCitation":"Veley, R.J., and Moran, M.J., 2012, Evaluating lake stratification and temporal trends by using near-continuous water-quality data from automated profiling systems for water years 2005-09, Lake Mead, Arizona and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5080, vii, 25 p.; 18 Appendices; Appendix 1: 1 p., Appendix 2: 2p., Appendix 3 - Appendix 13: Excel Spreadsheets, Appendix 14: 52 p., Appendix 15: 55p., Appendix 16: 62 p., Appendix 17: 56 p., Appendix 18: 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125080.","productDescription":"vii, 25 p.; 18 Appendices; Appendix 1: 1 p., Appendix 2: 2p., Appendix 3 - Appendix 13: Excel Spreadsheets, Appendix 14: 52 p., Appendix 15: 55p., Appendix 16: 62 p., Appendix 17: 56 p., Appendix 18: 17 p.","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5080.jpg"},{"id":254666,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5080/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 11","datum":"North American Datum of 1927l","country":"United States","state":"Arizona;California;Nevada;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mead;Boulder Basin;Virgin Basin;Temple Basin;Gregg Basin;Hoover Dam;Muddy River;Virgin River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,35.833333333333336 ], [ -115,36.666666666666664 ], [ -113.75,36.666666666666664 ], [ -113.75,35.833333333333336 ], [ -115,35.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0be8e4b0c8380cd5292e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veley, Ronald J. rjveley@usgs.gov","contributorId":4013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veley","given":"Ronald","email":"rjveley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, Michael J. mjmoran@usgs.gov","contributorId":1047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Michael","email":"mjmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038277,"text":"ofr20121063 - 2012 - Summary of data from onsite and laboratory analyses of surface water and marsh porewater from South Florida Water Management District Water Conservation Areas, the Everglades, South Florida, March 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-07T17:16:23","indexId":"ofr20121063","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1063","title":"Summary of data from onsite and laboratory analyses of surface water and marsh porewater from South Florida Water Management District Water Conservation Areas, the Everglades, South Florida, March 1995","docAbstract":"This report presents results of chemical analysis for samples collected during March, 1995, as part of a study to quantify the interaction of aquatic organic material (referred to here as dissolved organic carbon with dissolved metal ions). The work was done in conjunction with the South Florida Water Management District, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey South Florida Ecosystems Initiative, and the South Florida National Water Quality Assessment Study Unit. Samples were collected from surface canals and from marsh sites. Results are based on onsite and laboratory measurements for 27 samples collected at 10 locations. The data file contains sample description, dissolved organic carbon concentration and specific ultraviolet absorbance, and additional analytical data for samples collected at several sites in the Water Conservation Areas, the Everglades, south Florida.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121063","usgsCitation":"Reddy, M.M., and Gunther, C.D., 2012, Summary of data from onsite and laboratory analyses of surface water and marsh porewater from South Florida Water Management District Water Conservation Areas, the Everglades, South Florida, March 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1063, iii, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121063.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1063.gif"},{"id":254690,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1063/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.63333333333334,24.5 ], [ -87.63333333333334,31 ], [ -79.8,31 ], [ -79.8,24.5 ], [ -87.63333333333334,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9e60e4b08c986b31de69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, Michael M. mmreddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"Michael","email":"mmreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunther, Charmaine D. cgunther@usgs.gov","contributorId":137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunther","given":"Charmaine","email":"cgunther@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038274,"text":"fs20123057 - 2012 - Landsat: a global land imaging program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-05T01:01:37","indexId":"fs20123057","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3057","title":"Landsat: a global land imaging program","docAbstract":"Landsat satellites have continuously acquired space-based images of the Earth's land surface, coastal shallows, and coral reefs across four decades. The Landsat Program, a joint effort of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), was established to routinely gather land imagery from space. In practice, NASA develops remote-sensing instruments and spacecraft, launches satellites, and validates their performance. The USGS then assumes ownership and operation of the satellites, in addition to managing all ground-data reception, archiving, product generation, and distribution. The result of this program is a visible, long-term record of natural and human-induced changes on the global landscape.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123057","usgsCitation":"Byrnes, R.A., 2012, Landsat: a global land imaging program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3057, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123057.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3057.gif"},{"id":254667,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3057/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43f5e4b0c8380cd6671f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrnes, Raymond A. rbyrnes@usgs.gov","contributorId":4779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrnes","given":"Raymond","email":"rbyrnes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038275,"text":"ofr20121056 - 2012 - Water-quality, bed-sediment, and discharge data for the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and adjacent waterways, southeastern Louisiana, August 2008 through December 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-04T01:01:38","indexId":"ofr20121056","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1056","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and discharge data for the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and adjacent waterways, southeastern Louisiana, August 2008 through December 2009","docAbstract":"The Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet navigation channel (MRGO) was constructed in the early 1960s to provide a safer and shorter route between the Gulf of Mexico and the Port of New Orleans for deep-draft, ocean-going vessels and to promote the economic development of the Port of New Orleans. In 2006, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers developed a plan to de-authorize the MRGO. The plan called for a rock barrier to be constructed across the MRGO near Bayou La Loutre. In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Louisiana Coastal Area Science and Technology Program began a study to document the impacts of the rock barrier on water-quality and flow before, during, and after its construction. Water-quality, bed-sediment, and discharge data were collected in the MRGO and adjacent water bodies from August 2008 through December 2009.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Coastal Area Science and Technology Program","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, C.M., Mize, S.V., and Lovelace, J.K., 2012, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and discharge data for the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and adjacent waterways, southeastern Louisiana, August 2008 through December 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1056, vi, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121056.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-08-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1056.gif"},{"id":254665,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1056/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"Hopedale;Michoud;New Orleans;Violet;Yscloskey","otherGeospatial":"Breton Sound;Lake Borgne;Lake Pontchartrain;Mississippi River-gulf Outlet;Violet Canal","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.08333333333333,29.416666666666668 ], [ -90.08333333333333,30.166666666666668 ], [ -89.16666666666667,30.166666666666668 ], [ -89.16666666666667,29.416666666666668 ], [ -90.08333333333333,29.416666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bce60e4b08c986b32e378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, Christopher M. 0000-0001-9843-1471 cswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1471","contributorId":656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Christopher","email":"cswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mize, Scott V. 0000-0001-6751-5568 svmize@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-5568","contributorId":2997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mize","given":"Scott","email":"svmize@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovelace, John K. 0000-0002-8532-2599 jlovelac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-2599","contributorId":999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovelace","given":"John","email":"jlovelac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038283,"text":"70038283 - 2012 - A framework for inference about carnivore density from unstructured spatial sampling of scat using detector dogs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-09T01:01:39","indexId":"70038283","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-02T16:52:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A framework for inference about carnivore density from unstructured spatial sampling of scat using detector dogs","docAbstract":"Wildlife management often hinges upon an accurate assessment of population density. Although undeniably useful, many of the traditional approaches to density estimation such as visual counts, livetrapping, or mark–recapture suffer from a suite of methodological and analytical weaknesses. Rare, secretive, or highly mobile species exacerbate these problems through the reality of small sample sizes and movement on and off study sites. In response to these difficulties, there is growing interest in the use of non-invasive survey techniques, which provide the opportunity to collect larger samples with minimal increases in effort, as well as the application of analytical frameworks that are not reliant on large sample size arguments. One promising survey technique, the use of scat detecting dogs, offers a greatly enhanced probability of detection while at the same time generating new difficulties with respect to non-standard survey routes, variable search intensity, and the lack of a fixed survey point for characterizing non-detection. In order to account for these issues, we modified an existing spatially explicit, capture–recapture model for camera trap data to account for variable search intensity and the lack of fixed, georeferenced trap locations. We applied this modified model to a fisher (Martes pennanti) dataset from the Sierra National Forest, California, and compared the results (12.3 fishers/100 km2) to more traditional density estimates. We then evaluated model performance using simulations at 3 levels of population density. Simulation results indicated that estimates based on the posterior mode were relatively unbiased. We believe that this approach provides a flexible analytical framework for reconciling the inconsistencies between detector dog survey data and density estimation procedures.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.317","usgsCitation":"Thompson, C.M., Royle, J., and Garner, J., 2012, A framework for inference about carnivore density from unstructured spatial sampling of scat using detector dogs: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 76, no. 4, p. 863-871, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.317.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"863","endPage":"871","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":254704,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.317","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"76","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3e3e4b0c8380cd46295","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Craig M.","contributorId":57303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garner, James D.","contributorId":62060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"James D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038264,"text":"pp1788 - 2012 - History of surface displacements at the Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming, from leveling surveys and InSAR observations, 1923-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T16:16:33","indexId":"pp1788","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-02T11:35:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1788","title":"History of surface displacements at the Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming, from leveling surveys and InSAR observations, 1923-2008","docAbstract":"Modern geodetic studies of the Yellowstone caldera, Wyoming, and its extraordinary tectonic, magmatic, and hydrothermal systems date from an initial leveling survey done throughout Yellowstone National Park in 1923 by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. A repeat park-wide survey by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the University of Utah during 1975-77 revealed that the central part of the caldera floor had risen more than 700 mm since 1923, at an average rate of 14±1 mm/yr. From 1983 to 2007, the USGS conducted 15 smaller surveys of a single level line that crosses the northeast part of the caldera, including the area where the greatest uplift had occurred from 1923 to 1975-77. The 1983 and 1984 surveys showed that uplift had continued at an average rate of 22±1 mm/yr since 1975-77, but no additional uplift occurred during 1984-85 (-2±5 mm/yr), and during 1985-95 the area subsided at an average rate of 19±1 mm/yr. The change from uplift to subsidence was accompanied by an earthquake swarm, the largest ever recorded in the Yellowstone area (as of March 2012), starting in October 1985 and located near the northwest rim of the caldera. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images showed that the area of greatest subsidence migrated from the northeast part of the caldera (including the Sour Creek resurgent dome) during 1992-93 to the southwest part (including the Mallard Lake resurgent dome) during 1993-95. Thereafter, uplift resumed in the northeast part of the caldera during 1995-96, while subsidence continued in the southwest part. The onset of uplift migrated southwestward, and by mid-1997, uplift was occurring throughout the entire caldera (essentially rim to rim, including both domes). Consistent with these InSAR observations, leveling surveys indicated 24±3 mm of uplift in the northeast part of the caldera during 1995-98. The beginning of uplift was coincident with or followed shortly after an earthquake swarm near the north caldera rim during June-July 1995 - the strongest swarm since 1985. Rather than a single deformation source as inferred from leveling surveys, the InSAR images revealed two distinct sources - one beneath each resurgent dome on the caldera floor. Subsequently, repeated GPS surveys (sometimes referred to as \"campaign\" surveys to distinguish them from continuous GPS observations) and InSAR images revealed a third deformation source beneath the north caldera rim. The north-rim source started to inflate in or about 1995, resulting in as much as 80 mm of surface uplift by 2000. Meanwhile, motion of the caldera floor changed from uplift to subsidence during 1997-8. The north rim area rose, while the entire caldera floor (including both domes) subsided until 2002, when both motions paused. Uplift in the northeast part of the caldera resumed in mid-2004 at a historically unprecedented rate of as much as 70 mm/yr, while the north rim area subsided at a lesser rate. Resurveys of the level line across the northeast part of the caldera in 2005 and 2007 indicated the greatest average uplift rate since the initial survey in 1923-53±3 mm/yr. Data from a nearby continuous GPS (CGPS) station showed that the uplift rate slowed to 40-50 mm/yr during 2007-8 and to near zero by September 2009. Following an intense earthquake swarm during January-February 2010, this one near the northwest caldera rim and the strongest since the 1985 swarm in the same general area, CGPS stations recorded the onset of subsidence throughout the entire caldera. Any viable model for the cause(s) of ground deformation at Yellowstone should account for (1) three distinct deformation sources and their association with both resurgent domes and the north caldera rim; (2) interplay among these sources, as suggested by the timing of major changes in deformation mode; (3) migration of the area of greatest subsidence or uplift from the northeast part of the caldera to the southwest part during 1992-95 and 1995-97, respectively; (4) repeated cycles of uplift and subsidence and sudden changes from uplift to subsidence or vice versa; (5) spatial and temporal relationships between changes in deformation mode and strong earthquake swarms; and (6) lateral dimensions of all three deforming areas that indicate source depths in the range of 5 to 15 km. We prefer a conceptual model in which surface displacements at Yellowstone are caused primarily by variations in the flux of basaltic magma into the crust beneath the caldera. Specifically, we envision a magmatic conduit system beneath the northeast part of the caldera that supplies basalt from a mantle source to an accumulation zone at 5-10 km depth, perhaps at a rheological boundary within a crystallizing rhyolite body remnant from past eruptions. Increases in the magma flux favor uplift of the caldera and decreases favor subsidence. A delicate equilibrium exists among the mass and heat flux from basaltic intrusions, heat and volatile loss from the crystallizing rhyolite body, and the overlying hydrothermal system. In the absence of basalt input, steady subsidence occurs mainly as a result of fluid loss from crystallizing rhyolite. At times when a self-sealing zone in the deep hydrothermal system prevents the escape of magmatic fluid, the resulting pressure increase contributes to surface uplift within the caldera; such episodes end when the seal ruptures during an earthquake swarm. To account for the north rim deformation source, we propose that magma or fluid exsolved from magma episodically escapes the caldera system at the three-way structural intersection of (1) the northern caldera boundary, (2) an active seismic belt to the north-northwest that is associated with the Hebgen Lake fault zone, and (3) the Norris - Mammoth corridor - a zone of faults, volcanic vents, and thermal activity that strikes north from the north rim of the caldera near Norris Geyser Basin to Mammoth Hot Springs near the northern boundary of Yellowstone National Park. Increased fluid flux out of the caldera by way of this intersection favors subsidence of the north rim area, and decreased flux favors uplift. This model does not account for poroelastic and thermoelastic effects, nonelastic rheology, or heat and mass transport in the hot and wet subcaldera crust. Such effects almost surely play a role in caldera deformation and are an important topic of ongoing research.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1788","collaboration":"Version 1.1 available only on the Web. Version 1.0 available only in print.","usgsCitation":"Dzurisin, D., Wicks, C., and Poland, M., 2012, History of surface displacements at the Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming, from leveling surveys and InSAR observations, 1923-2008 (Version 1.1, June 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1788, Report: vi, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1788.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 54 p.","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":686,"text":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1788.gif"},{"id":254648,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1788/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park;Yellowstone Caldera","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.5,44 ], [ -111.5,45.166666666666664 ], [ -109.75,45.166666666666664 ], [ -109.75,44 ], [ -111.5,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1, June 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31c3e4b0c8380cd5e1eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wicks, Charles W.","contributorId":52048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038262,"text":"ofr20121086 - 2012 - An annotated bibliography for lamprey habitat in the White Salmon River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-03T01:01:43","indexId":"ofr20121086","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-02T11:18:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1086","title":"An annotated bibliography for lamprey habitat in the White Salmon River, Washington","docAbstract":"

The October 2011 decommissioning of Condit Dam on the White Salmon River at river kilometer (rkm) 5.3 removed a significant fish passage barrier from the White Salmon River basin for the first time in nearly a century. This affords an opportunity to regain a potentially important drainage basin for Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) production. In anticipation of Pacific lamprey recolonization or reintroduction, aquatic resource managers, such as the Yakama Nation (YN), are planning to perform surveys in the White Salmon River and its tributaries. The likely survey objectives will be to investigate the presence of lamprey, habitat conditions, and habitat availability. In preparation for this work, a compilation and review of the relevant aquatic habitat and biological information on the White Salmon River was conducted. References specific to the White Salmon River were collected and an annotated bibliography was produced including reports containing:

\n

•Spatial information about where various habitat surveys or monitoring have occurred over the past 20 years;

\n

•Database information relevant to habitat attributes (for example, pools, riffles, or glides);

\n

•Riparian surveys along major tributary streams;

\n

•Water temperature and sediment information;

\n

•Lamprey surveys, observations, and collections;

\n

•Spawning gravel surveys; and

\n

•Surveys that inventory habitat degradation or other environmental factors that may limit potential future productivity of lamprey.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Yakama Nation","usgsCitation":"Allen, M.B., 2012, An annotated bibliography for lamprey habitat in the White Salmon River, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1086, iv, 26 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121086.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.; Appendix","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1086.jpg"},{"id":254647,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"White Salmon River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9fbe4b0c8380cd48585","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, M. Brady","contributorId":18874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brady","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70200750,"text":"70200750 - 2012 - Stability of infinite slopes under transient partially saturated seepage conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T15:51:21","indexId":"70200750","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T15:51:12","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stability of infinite slopes under transient partially saturated seepage conditions","docAbstract":"

Prediction of the location and timing of rainfall‐induced shallow landslides is desired by organizations responsible for hazard management and warnings. However, hydrologic and mechanical processes in the vadose zone complicate such predictions. Infiltrating rainfall must typically pass through an unsaturated layer before reaching the irregular and usually discontinuous shallow water table. This process is dynamic and a function of precipitation intensity and duration, the initial moisture conditions and hydrologic properties of the hillside materials, and the geometry, stratigraphy, and vegetation of the hillslope. As a result, pore water pressures, volumetric water content, effective stress, and thus the propensity for landsliding vary over seasonal and shorter time scales. We apply a general framework for assessing the stability of infinite slopes under transient variably saturated conditions. The framework includes profiles of pressure head and volumetric water content combined with a general effective stress for slope stability analysis. The general effective stress, or suction stress, provides a means for rigorous quantification of stress changes due to rainfall and infiltration and thus the analysis of slope stability over the range of volumetric water contents and pressure heads relevant to shallow landslide initiation. We present results using an analytical solution for transient infiltration for a range of soil texture and hydrological properties typical of landslide‐prone hillslopes and show the effect of these properties on the timing and depth of slope failure. We follow by analyzing field‐monitoring data acquired prior to shallow landslide failure of a hillside near Seattle, Washington, and show that the timing of the slide was predictable using measured pressure head and volumetric water content and show how the approach can be used in a forward manner using a numerical model for transient infiltration.

","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2011WR011408","usgsCitation":"Godt, J.W., Şener-Kaya, B., Lu, N., and Baum, R.L., 2012, Stability of infinite slopes under transient partially saturated seepage conditions: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. 5, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011408.","productDescription":"W05505; 14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-036500","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr011408","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358990,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10be73e4b034bf6a7f075b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Şener-Kaya, Başak","contributorId":44445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Şener-Kaya","given":"Başak","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Ning","contributorId":191360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Ning","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12620,"text":"U.S. Army Corp. of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70045767,"text":"70045767 - 2012 - Geologic and environmental characteristics of porphyry copper deposits with emphasis on potential future development in the Bristol Bay Watershed, Alaska (Appendix H)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T20:07:28","indexId":"70045767","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T11:42:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"EPA 910-R-14-001A-C","chapter":"Appendix H","title":"Geologic and environmental characteristics of porphyry copper deposits with emphasis on potential future development in the Bristol Bay Watershed, Alaska (Appendix H)","docAbstract":"This report is prepared in cooperation with the Bristol Bay Watershed Assessment being conducted by the U.S. \nEnvironmental Protection Agency. The goal of the assessment is to help understand how future large-scale \ndevelopment in this watershed may affect water quality and the salmon fishery. Mining has been identified as a \npotential source of future large scale development in the region, especially because of the advanced stage of \nactivity at the Pebble prospect. The goal of this report is to summarize the geologic and environmental \ncharacteristics of porphyry copper deposits in general, largely on the basis of literature review. Data reported in the \nPebble Project Environmental Baseline Document, released by the Pebble Limited Partnership in 2011, are used to \nenhance the relevance of this report to the Bristol Bay watershed. \nThe geologic characteristics of mineral deposits are paramount to determining their geochemical signatures in \nthe environment. The geologic characteristics of mineral deposits are reflected in the mineralogy of the \nmineralization and alteration assemblages; geochemical associations of elements, including the commodities being \nsought; the grade and tonnage of the deposit; the likely mining and ore-processing methods used; the \nenvironmental attributes of the deposit, such as acid-generating and acid-neutralizing potentials of geologic \nmaterials; and the susceptibility of the surrounding ecosystem to various stressors related to the deposit and its \nmining, among other features (Seal and Hammarstrom, 2003). Within the Bristol Bay watershed, or more \nspecifically the Nushagak and Kvichak watersheds, the geologic setting is permissive for the occurrence of several \nmineral deposit types that are amenable for large-scale development. Of these deposit types, porphyry copper \ndeposits (e.g., Pebble) and intrusion-related gold deposits (e.g., Shotgun) are the most important on the basis of \nthe current maturity of exploration activities by the mining industry. The Pebble deposit sits astride the drainage \ndivide between the Nushagak and Kvichak watersheds, whereas the Humble, Big Chunk, and Shotgun deposits \nare within the Nushagak watershed. The Humble and Big Chunk prospects are geophysical anomalies that exhibit \nsome characteristics similar to those found at Pebble. Humble was drilled previously in 1958 and 1959 as an iron \nprospect on the basis of an airborne magnetic anomaly. Humble is approximately 85 miles (137 km) west of\nPebble; Big Chunk is approximately 30 miles (48 km) north-northwest of Pebble; and Shotgun is approximately 110 \nmiles (177 km) northwest of Pebble. The H and D Block prospects, west of Pebble, represent additional porphyry \ncopper exploration targets in the watershed.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"An assessment of potential mining impacts on salmon ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska: EPA 910-R-14-001A-C","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","publisherLocation":"Seattle, WA","usgsCitation":"Seal, R., 2012, Geologic and environmental characteristics of porphyry copper deposits with emphasis on potential future development in the Bristol Bay Watershed, Alaska (Appendix H), v. 3 (Appendices E-J), iv, 30.","productDescription":"iv, 30","numberOfPages":"37","ipdsId":"IP-037309","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350281,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/bristolbay/recordisplay.cfm?deid=253500"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bristol Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -164.17,56.31 ], [ -164.17,59.9 ], [ -157.68,59.9 ], [ -157.68,56.31 ], [ -164.17,56.31 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3 (Appendices E-J)","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5b97e4b0b290850f9ff3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048256,"text":"70048256 - 2012 - Migrated hydrocarbons in exposure of Maastrichtian nonmarine strata near Saddle Mountain, lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:22:15.643726","indexId":"70048256","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T10:14:39","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":240,"text":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigation","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1","title":"Migrated hydrocarbons in exposure of Maastrichtian nonmarine strata near Saddle Mountain, lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","docAbstract":"

Magoon and others (1980) described an 83-meter- (272-foot-) thick succession of Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) \nconglomerate, sandstone, mudstone, and coal exposed on the south side of an unnamed drainage, approximately 3 kilometers \n(1.8 miles) east of Saddle Mountain in lower Cook Inlet (figs. 1 and 2). The initial significance of this exposure was that \nit was the first reported occurrence of nonmarine rocks of this age in outcrop in lower Cook Inlet, which helped constrain \nthe Late Cretaceous paleogeography of the area and provided important information on the composition of latest Mesozoic \nsandstones in the basin. The Saddle Mountain section is thought to be an outcrop analog for Upper Cretaceous nonmarine \nstrata penetrated in the OCS Y-0097 #1 (Raven) well, located approximately 40 kilometers (25 miles) to the south–southeast \nin Federal waters (fig. 1). Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) drilled the Raven well in 1980 and encountered oil-stained \nrocks and moveable liquid hydrocarbons between the depths of 1,760 and 3,700 feet. Completion reports on file with the \nBureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM; formerly Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement, \nand prior to 2010, U.S. Minerals Management Service) either show flow rates of zero or do not mention flow rates. A \nfluid analysis report on file with BOEM suggests that a wireline tool sampled some oil beneath a 2,010-foot diesel cushion \nduring the fl ow test of the 3,145–3,175 foot interval, but the recorded fl ow rate was still zero (Kirk Sherwood, written \ncommun., January 9, 2012). Further delineation and evaluation of the apparent accumulation was never performed and the \nwell was plugged and abandoned.

\n
\n

As part of a 5-year comprehensive evaluation of the geology and petroleum systems of the Cook Inlet forearc basin, the \nAlaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys obtained a research permit from the National Park Service to access \nthe relatively poorly understood ‘Saddle Mountain exposure’ that is located in the Lake Clark National Park and Preserve. \nThis work was done in cooperation with the Alaska Division of Oil & Gas and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research \ngeologists. This report expands on Magoon and others’ (1980) description of the exposure, presents new data on sandstone \ncomposition and reservoir quality, presents new geochemical data on petroleum extracted from the outcropping sandstone, \nand describes oil-bearing correlative strata penetrated by the Raven well. Although the exposure is more than a kilometer \n(0.6 mile) east of Saddle Mountain (fig. 2), in this report we variously refer to it as the Saddle Mountain succession, Saddle \nMountain section, or the rocks at Saddle Mountain underlain by Upper Jurassic strata of the Naknek Formation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys","usgsCitation":"LePain, D., Lillis, P., Helmold, K., and Stanley, R., 2012, Migrated hydrocarbons in exposure of Maastrichtian nonmarine strata near Saddle Mountain, lower Cook Inlet, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigation 2012-1, iii, 13 p.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-036806","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280789,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/23943"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet, Saddle Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.0,58.0 ], [ -156.0,63.0 ], [ -147.0,63.0 ], [ -147.0,58.0 ], [ -156.0,58.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6718e4b0b2908510128a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LePain, D. L.","contributorId":104803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LePain","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lillis, P. G. 0000-0002-7508-1699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":17630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"P. G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helmold, K. P.","contributorId":67796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmold","given":"K. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanley, R. G. 0000-0001-6192-8783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":77123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70095249,"text":"70095249 - 2012 - Delta Chromium-53/52 isotopic composition of native and contaminated groundwater, Mojave Desert, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T10:02:13","indexId":"70095249","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T09:55:41","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delta Chromium-53/52 isotopic composition of native and contaminated groundwater, Mojave Desert, USA","docAbstract":"Chromium(VI) concentrations in groundwater sampled from three contaminant plumes in aquifers in the Mojave Desert near Hinkley, Topock and El Mirage, California, USA, were as high as 2600, 5800 and 330 μg/L, respectively. δ53/52Cr compositions from more than 50 samples collected within these plumes ranged from near 0‰ to almost 4‰ near the plume margins. Assuming only reductive fractionation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) within the plume, apparent fractionation factors for δ53/52Cr isotopes ranged from εapp = 0.3 to 0.4 within the Hinkley and Topock plumes, respectively, and only the El Mirage plume had a fractionation factor similar to the laboratory derived value of ε = 3.5. One possible explanation for the difference between field and laboratory fractionation factors at the Hinkley and Topock sites is localized reductive fractionation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), with subsequent advective mixing of native and contaminated water near the plume margin. Chromium(VI) concentrations and δ53/52Cr isotopic compositions did not uniquely define the source of Cr near the plume margin, or the extent of reductive fractionation within the plume. However, Cr(VI) and δ53/52Cr data contribute to understanding of the interaction between reductive and mixing processes that occur within and near the margins of Cr contamination plumes. Reductive fractionation of Cr(VI) predominates in plumes having higher εapp, these plumes may be suitable for monitored natural attenuation. In contrast, advective mixing predominates in plumes having lower εapp, the highly dispersed margins of these plumes may be difficult to define and manage.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.12.019","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Bullen, T.D., Martin, P., and Schroth, B., 2012, Delta Chromium-53/52 isotopic composition of native and contaminated groundwater, Mojave Desert, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 4, p. 841-853, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.12.019.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"841","endPage":"853","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-014704","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282976,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.12.019"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.0,32.3 ], [ -118.0,36.0 ], [ -114.0,36.0 ], [ -114.0,32.3 ], [ -118.0,32.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd540ee4b0b290850f583b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullen, Thomas D. 0000-0003-2281-1691 tdbullen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-1691","contributorId":1969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"Thomas","email":"tdbullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schroth, Brian","contributorId":60953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroth","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70045179,"text":"70045179 - 2012 - Nature's Notebook 2011: Data & participant summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T13:48:34","indexId":"70045179","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":95,"text":"USA-NPN Technical Series","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2012‐001","title":"Nature's Notebook 2011: Data & participant summary","docAbstract":"

Introduction

\n

The USA National Phenology Network The USA National Phenology Network (USA‐NPN; www.usanpn.org) seeks to engage a diverse range of citizen scientist volunteers, federal, state, and non‐governmental organizations, educators and professional research scientists to collect phenological observations of plants and animals using consistent standards and to contribute their observations to a national data repository. To guide this effort, the USA‐NPN National Coordinating Office (NCO), based in Tucson, Arizona, implemented an online monitoring program for plants and animals, Nature's Notebook, and has developed phenology monitoring protocols and an information management system, which includes the National Phenology Database (NPDb).  We are developing a diversity of materials, tools, techniques, and protocols to assist decision making and education related to ecology, wildlife, human health, ecosystem services, natural resource management, biological conservation, and climate change adaptation.

","language":"English","publisher":"USA National Phenology Network","usgsCitation":"Kellermann, J.L., Crimmins, T., Denny, E.G., Enquist, C., Marsh, R.L., Rosemartin, A.H., and Weltzin, J., 2012, Nature's Notebook 2011: Data & participant summary: USA-NPN Technical Series 2012‐001, 34 p.","productDescription":"34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038693","costCenters":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usanpn.org/pubs/reports#USA-NPN_Technical_Series"}],"country":"UNITED STATES","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d65ebe4b07e28b6684907","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellermann, Jherime L.","contributorId":139843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kellermann","given":"Jherime","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13292,"text":"Ecology & Evolutionary Biology ,University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crimmins, Theresa","contributorId":103579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crimmins","given":"Theresa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denny, Ellen G.","contributorId":79803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Enquist, Carolyn A.F.","contributorId":87445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enquist","given":"Carolyn A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marsh, R. Lee","contributorId":146211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marsh","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":16629,"text":"USA National Phenology Network, SNRE University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosemartin, Alyssa H.","contributorId":30910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosemartin","given":"Alyssa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake F. jweltzin@usgs.gov","contributorId":149476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake F.","email":"jweltzin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70173537,"text":"70173537 - 2012 - Trends in Marine Debris along the U.S. Pacific Coast and Hawai’i 1998-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-15T17:08:59","indexId":"70173537","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in Marine Debris along the U.S. Pacific Coast and Hawai’i 1998-2007","docAbstract":"

We assessed amounts, composition, and trends of marine debris for the U.S. Pacific Coast and Hawai’i using National Marine Debris Monitoring Program data. Hawai’i had the highest debris loads; the North Pacific Coast region had the lowest debris loads. The Southern California Bight region had the highest land-based debris loads. Debris loads decreased over time for all source categories in all regions except for land-based and general-source loads in the North Pacific Coast region, which were unchanged. General-source debris comprised 30–40% of the items in all regions. Larger local populations were associated with higher land-based debris loads across regions; the effect declined at higher population levels. Upwelling affected deposition of ocean-based and general-source debris loads but not land-based loads along the Pacific Coast. LNSO decreased debris loads for both land-based and ocean-based debris but not general-source debris in Hawai’i, a more complex climate-ocean effect than had previously been found.

","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.02.008","usgsCitation":"Ribic, C., Sheavly, S.B., Rugg, D.J., and Erdmann, E.S., 2012, Trends in Marine Debris along the U.S. Pacific Coast and Hawai’i 1998-2007: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 64, no. 5, p. 944-1004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.02.008.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"944","endPage":"1004","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033551","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323725,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Hawaii, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"US North Pacific Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.8837890625,\n 18.166730410221938\n ],\n [\n -160.8837890625,\n 22.59372606392931\n ],\n [\n -153.80859375,\n 22.59372606392931\n ],\n [\n -153.80859375,\n 18.166730410221938\n ],\n [\n -160.8837890625,\n 18.166730410221938\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -127.08984375000001,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -124.93652343749999,\n 48.42920055556841\n ],\n [\n -124.1015625,\n 46.28622391806708\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 42.90816007196054\n ],\n [\n -124.18945312500001,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 40.38002840251183\n ],\n [\n -123.96972656249999,\n 39.80853604144591\n ],\n [\n -126.3427734375,\n 39.707186656826565\n ],\n [\n -127.08984375000001,\n 48.45835188280866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57627c38e4b07657d19a6a1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ribic, Christine 0000-0003-2583-1778 caribic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":147952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheavly, Seba B.","contributorId":171391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheavly","given":"Seba","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":26885,"text":"Sheavly Consultants, Virginia Beach, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rugg, David J.","contributorId":171931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rugg","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erdmann, Eric S.","contributorId":97743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdmann","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193577,"text":"70193577 - 2012 - Tidal triggering of low frequency earthquakes near Parkfield, California: Implications for fault mechanics within the brittle-ductile transition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T11:27:31","indexId":"70193577","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tidal triggering of low frequency earthquakes near Parkfield, California: Implications for fault mechanics within the brittle-ductile transition","docAbstract":"

Studies of nonvolcanic tremor (NVT) have established the significant impact of small stress perturbations on NVT generation. Here we analyze the influence of the solid earth and ocean tides on a catalog of ∼550,000 low frequency earthquakes (LFEs) distributed along a 150 km section of the San Andreas Fault centered at Parkfield. LFE families are identified in the NVT data on the basis of waveform similarity and are thought to represent small, effectively co-located earthquakes occurring on brittle asperities on an otherwise aseismic fault at depths of 16 to 30 km. We calculate the sensitivity of each of these 88 LFE families to the tidally induced right-lateral shear stress (RLSS), fault-normal stress (FNS), and their time derivatives and use the hypocentral locations of each family to map the spatial variability of this sensitivity. LFE occurrence is most strongly modulated by fluctuations in shear stress, with the majority of families demonstrating a correlation with RLSS at the 99% confidence level or above. Producing the observed LFE rate modulation in response to shear stress perturbations requires low effective stress in the LFE source region. There are substantial lateral and vertical variations in tidal shear stress sensitivity, which we interpret to reflect spatial variation in source region properties, such as friction and pore fluid pressure. Additionally, we find that highly episodic, shallow LFE families are generally less correlated with tidal stresses than their deeper, continuously active counterparts. The majority of families have weaker or insignificant correlation with positive (tensile) FNS. Two groups of families demonstrate a stronger correlation with fault-normal tension to the north and with compression to the south of Parkfield. The families that correlate with fault-normal clamping coincide with a releasing right bend in the surface fault trace and the LFE locations, suggesting that the San Andreas remains localized and contiguous down to near the base of the crust. The deep families that have high sensitivity to both shear and tensile normal stress perturbations may be indicative of an increase in effective fault contact area with depth. Synthesizing our observations with those of other LFE-hosting localities will help to develop a comprehensive understanding of transient fault slip below the “seismogenic zone” by providing constraints on parameters in physical models of slow slip and LFEs.

","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2011JB009036","usgsCitation":"Thomas, A., Burgmann, R., Shelly, D.R., Beeler, N.M., and Rudolph, M., 2012, Tidal triggering of low frequency earthquakes near Parkfield, California: Implications for fault mechanics within the brittle-ductile transition: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 117, no. B5, p. 1-24, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB009036.","productDescription":"B05301; 24 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"24","ipdsId":"IP-037106","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Parkfield","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 35.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"B5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eb1e4b0531197b28024","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, A.M.","contributorId":47735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":10167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beeler, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-3397-8481 nbeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":2682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Nicholas","email":"nbeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rudolph, M.L.","contributorId":93365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudolph","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70040648,"text":"70040648 - 2012 - Timing and proximate causes of mortality in wild bird populations: testing Ashmole’s hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-09T14:57:38","indexId":"70040648","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Timing and proximate causes of mortality in wild bird populations: testing Ashmole’s hypothesis","docAbstract":"
  1. Fecundity in birds is widely recognized to increase with latitude across diverse phylogenetic groups and regions, yet the causes of this variation remain enigmatic.
  2. Ashmole’s hypothesis is one of the most broadly accepted explanations for this pattern. This hypothesis suggests that increasing seasonality leads to increasing overwinter mortality due to resource scarcity during the lean season (e.g., winter) in higher latitude climates. This mortality is then thought to yield increased per-capita resources for breeding that allow larger clutch sizes at high latitudes. Support for this hypothesis has been based on indirect tests, whereas the underlying mechanisms and assumptions remain poorly explored.
  3. We used a meta-analysis of over 150 published studies to test two underlying and critical assumptions of Ashmole’s hypothesis: first, that ad ult mortality is greatest during the season of greatest resource scarcity, and second, t hat most mortality is caused by starvation.
  4. We found that the lean season (winter) was generally not the season of greatest mortality. Instead, spring or summer was most frequently the season of greatest mortality. Moreover, monthly survival rates were not explained by monthly productivity, again opposing predictions from Ashmole’s hypothesis. Finally, predation, rather than starvation, was the most frequent proximate cause o f mortality.
  5. Our results do not support the mechanistic predictions of Ashmole‘s hypothesis, and suggest alternative explanations of latitudinal variation in clutch size should remain under consideration. Our meta-analysis also highlights a paucity of data available on the timing and causes of mortality in many bird populations, particularly tropical bird populations, despite the clear theoretical and empirical importance of such data.


","largerWorkTitle":"Ecological causes of life history variation tested by meta-analysis, comparison, and experimental approaches","language":"English","publisher":"University of Montana","publisherLocation":"Missoula, MT","usgsCitation":"Barton, D.C., and Martin, T.E., 2012, Timing and proximate causes of mortality in wild bird populations: testing Ashmole’s hypothesis, 36 p.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"43","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035612","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/345/"},{"id":330902,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"Submitted for a Doctor of Philosophy in Biological Sciences, Organismal Biology and Ecology ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582443f7e4b09065cdf30557","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, Daniel C.","contributorId":88221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Thomas E. 0000-0002-4028-4867 tmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-4867","contributorId":1208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Thomas","email":"tmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040382,"text":"70040382 - 2012 - Status and trends of the land bird avifauna on Tinian and Aguiguan, Mariana Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-10T09:47:54","indexId":"70040382","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-029","title":"Status and trends of the land bird avifauna on Tinian and Aguiguan, Mariana Islands","docAbstract":"

Avian surveys were conducted on the islands of Tinian and Aguiguan, Marianas Islands, in 2008 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to provide current baseline densities and abundances and assess population trends using data collected from previous surveys. On Tinian, during the three surveys (1982, 1996, and 2008), 18 species were detected, and abundances and trends were assessed for 12 species. Half of the 10 native species—Yellow Bittern (Ixobrychus sinensis), White-throated Ground-Dove (Gallicolumba xanthonura), Collared Kingfisher (Todiramphus chloris), Rufous Fantail (Rhipidura rufifrons), and Micronesian Starling (Aplonis opaca)—and one alien bird—Island Collared-Dove (Streptopelia bitorquata)—have increased since 1982. Three native birds—Mariana Fruit-Dove (Ptilinopus roseicapilla), Micronesian Honeyeater (Myzomela rubratra), and Tinian Monarch (Monarcha takatsukasae)—have decreased since 1982. Trends for the remaining two native birds—White Tern (Gygis alba) and Bridled White-eye (Zosterops saypani)—and one alien bird—Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus)—were considered relatively stable. Only five birds—White-throated Ground-Dove, Mariana Fruit-Dove, Tinian Monarch, Rufous Fantail, and Bridled White-eye—showed significant differences among regions of Tinian by year. Tinian Monarch was found in all habitat types, with the greatest monarch densities observed in limestone forest, secondary forest, and tangantangan (Leucaena leucocephala) thicket and the smallest densities found in open fields and urban/residential habitats. On Aguiguan, 19 species were detected on one or both of the surveys (1982 and 2008), and abundance estimates were produced for nine native and one alien species. Densities for seven of the nine native birds—White-throated Ground-Dove, Mariana Fruit-Dove, Collared Kingfisher, Rufous Fantail, Bridled White-eye, Golden White-eye (Cleptornis marchei), and Micronesian Starling—and the alien bird— Island Collared-Dove—were significantly greater in 2008 than 1982. No differences in densities were detected between the two surveys for White Tern and Micronesian Honeyeater. Three native land birds— Micronesian Megapode (Megapodius laperouse), Guam Swiftlet (Collocalia bartschi), and Nightingale Reed-Warbler (Acrocephalus luscinia)—were either not detected during the point-transect counts or the numbers of birds detected were too small to estimate densities for either island. Increased military operations on Tinian may result in increases in habitat clearings and the human population, which would expand human-dominated habitats, and declines in some bird populations would be likely to continue or be exacerbated with these actions. Expanded military activities on Tinian would also mean increased movement between Guam and Tinian, elevating the probability of transporting the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) to Tinian.

","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"Camp, R.J., Pratt, T.K., Amidon, F., Marshall, A.P., Kremer, S., and Laut, M., 2012, Status and trends of the land bird avifauna on Tinian and Aguiguan, Mariana Islands: Technical Report HCSU-029, iv., 46 p.","productDescription":"iv., 46 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032742","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mariana Islands","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a5b8dae4b0ebae89b78a4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Camp, Richard J. 0000-0001-7008-923X rick_camp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-923X","contributorId":116175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard","email":"rick_camp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Thane K. tkpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thane","email":"tkpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amidon, Fred","contributorId":62934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amidon","given":"Fred","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marshall, Ann P.","contributorId":140290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6927,"text":"USFWS, National Wildlife Refuge System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kremer, Shelly","contributorId":173509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kremer","given":"Shelly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Laut, Megan","contributorId":140110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laut","given":"Megan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13385,"text":"University of Hawaii at Hilo Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70038252,"text":"ofr20121025 - 2012 - Preliminary investigation of the effects of sea-level rise on groundwater levels in New Haven, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-02T12:00:53","indexId":"ofr20121025","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1025","title":"Preliminary investigation of the effects of sea-level rise on groundwater levels in New Haven, Connecticut","docAbstract":"Global sea level rose about 0.56 feet (ft) (170 millimeters (mm)) during the 20th century. Since the 1960s, sea level has risen at Bridgeport, Connecticut, about 0.38 ft (115 mm), at a rate of 0.008 ft (2.56 mm + or - 0.58 mm) per year. With regional subsidence, and with predicted global climate change, sea level is expected to continue to rise along the northeast coast of the United States through the 21st century. Increasing sea levels will cause groundwater levels in coastal areas to rise in order to adjust to the new conditions. Some regional climate models predict wetter climate in the northeastern United States under some scenarios. Scenarios for the resulting higher groundwater levels have the potential to inundate underground infrastructure in lowlying coastal cities. New Haven is a coastal city in Connecticut surrounded and bisected by tidally affected waters. Monitoring of water levels in wells in New Haven from August 2009 to July 2010 indicates the complex effects of urban influence on groundwater levels. The response of groundwater levels to recharge and season varied considerably from well to well. Groundwater temperatures varied seasonally, but were warmer than what was typical for Connecticut, and they seem to reflect the influence of the urban setting, including the effects of conduits for underground utilities. Specific conductance was elevated in many of the wells, indicating the influence of urban activities or seawater in Long Island Sound. A preliminary steady-state model of groundwater flow for part of New Haven was constructed using MODFLOW to simulate current groundwater levels (2009-2010) and future groundwater levels based on scenarios with a rise of 3 ft (0.91 meters (m)) in sea level, which is predicted for the end of the 21st century. An additional simulation was run assuming a 3-ft rise in sea level combined with a 12-percent increase in groundwater recharge. The model was constructed from existing hydrogeologic information for the New Haven area and from new information on groundwater levels collected during October 2009-June 2010. For the scenario with a 3-ft rise in sea level and no increase in recharge, simulated groundwater levels near the coast rose 3 ft; this increased water level tapered off toward a discharge area at the only nontidal stream in the study area. Simulated stream discharge increased at the nontidal stream because of the increased gradient. Although groundwater levels rose, the simulated difference between the groundwater levels in the aquifer and the increased sea level declined, indicating that the depth to the interface between freshwater and saltwater may possibly decline. Simulated water levels were affected by rise in sea level even in areas where the water table was at 17-24 ft (5.2-7.3 m) above current (2011) sea level. For the scenario with increased recharge, simulated groundwater levels were as much as an additional foot higher at some locations in the study area. The results of this preliminary investigation indicate that groundwater levels in coastal areas can be expected to rise and may rise higher if groundwater recharge also increases. This finding has implications for the disposal of stormwater through infiltration, a low-impact development practice designed to improve water quality and reduce overland peak discharge. Other implications include increased risk of basement flooding and increased groundwater seepage into underground sewer pipes and utility corridors in some areas. These implications will present engineering challenges to New Haven and Yale University. The preliminary model developed for this study can be the starting point for further simulation of future alternative scenarios for sea-level rise and recharge. Further simulations could identify those areas of New Haven where infrastructure may be at greatest risk from rising levels of groundwater. The simulations described in this report have limitations due to the preliminary scope of the work. Approaches to improve simulations include but are not limited to incorporating: * The variable density of seawater into the model in order to understand the current and future location of the interface between freshwater and saltwater; * Collection of additional data in order to better resolve temporal and spatial patterns in water levels in the aquifer; * Improved estimates of recharge through direct and indirect measurements of freshwater discharge from the study area; and * Transient simulations for greater understanding of the amount of time required for water levels and the position of the interface between freshwater and saltwater to adjust to changes in sea level and recharge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121025","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Yale University","usgsCitation":"Bjerklie, D.M., Mullaney, J.R., Stone, J.R., Skinner, B.J., and Ramlow, M.A., 2012, Preliminary investigation of the effects of sea-level rise on groundwater levels in New Haven, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1025, v, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121025.","productDescription":"v, 46 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254637,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":254638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1025.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","city":"New Haven","otherGeospatial":"New Haven Harbor;West River;Mill River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73,41.266666666666666 ], [ -73,41.4 ], [ -72.86666666666666,41.4 ], [ -72.86666666666666,41.266666666666666 ], [ -73,41.266666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8851e4b0c8380cd7d847","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bjerklie, David M. 0000-0002-9890-4125 dmbjerkl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-4125","contributorId":3589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjerklie","given":"David","email":"dmbjerkl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mullaney, John R. 0000-0003-4936-5046 jmullane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-5046","contributorId":1957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullaney","given":"John","email":"jmullane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stone, Janet Radway jrstone@usgs.gov","contributorId":1695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Janet","email":"jrstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Radway","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skinner, Brian J.","contributorId":75371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramlow, Matthew A.","contributorId":93758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramlow","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70157149,"text":"70157149 - 2012 - LiDAR and field observations of slip distribution for the most recent surface ruptures along the central San Jacinto fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T11:18:02","indexId":"70157149","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-30T17:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"LiDAR and field observations of slip distribution for the most recent surface ruptures along the central San Jacinto fault","docAbstract":"

We measured offsets on tectonically displaced geomorphic features along 80 km of the Clark strand of the San Jacinto fault (SJF) to estimate slip‐per‐event for the past several surface ruptures. We identify 168 offset features from which we make over 490 measurements using B4 light detection and ranging (LiDAR) imagery and field observations. Our results suggest that LiDAR technology is an exemplary supplement to traditional field methods in slip‐per‐event studies. Displacement estimates indicate that the most recent surface‐rupturing event (MRE) produced an average of 2.5–2.9 m of right‐lateral slip with maximum slip of nearly 4 m at Anza, a Mw 7.2–7.5 earthquake. Average multiple‐event offsets for the same 80 kms are ∼5.5  m, with maximum values of 3 m at Anza for the penultimate event. Cumulative displacements of 9–10 m through Anza suggest the third event was also similar in size. Paleoseismic work at Hog Lake dates the most recent surface rupture event at ca. 1790. A poorly located, large earthquake occurred in southern California on 22 November 1800; we relocate this event to the Clark fault based on the MRE at Hog Lake. We also recognize the occurrence of a younger rupture along ∼15–20  km of the fault in Blackburn Canyon with ∼1.25  m of average displacement. We attribute these offsets to the 21 April 1918 Mw 6.9 event. These data argue that much or all of the Clark fault, and possibly also the Casa Loma fault, fail together in large earthquakes, but that shorter sections may fail in smaller events.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120110068","usgsCitation":"Salisbury, J., Rockwell, T., Middleton, T., and Hudnut, K.W., 2012, LiDAR and field observations of slip distribution for the most recent surface ruptures along the central San Jacinto fault: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, no. 2, p. 598-619, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110068.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"598","endPage":"619","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028003","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.28906250000001,\n 31.98944183792288\n ],\n [\n -112.19238281249999,\n 31.98944183792288\n ],\n [\n -112.19238281249999,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -121.28906250000001,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -121.28906250000001,\n 31.98944183792288\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560a64d7e4b058f706e536d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salisbury, J.B.","contributorId":147529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salisbury","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rockwell, T.K.","contributorId":147531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rockwell","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middleton, T.J.","contributorId":147530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Middleton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudnut, Kenneth W. 0000-0002-3168-4797 hudnut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4797","contributorId":2550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Kenneth","email":"hudnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038248,"text":"ds668 - 2012 - Manning's roughness coefficient for Illinois streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-01T17:28:21","indexId":"ds668","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-30T15:57:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"668","title":"Manning's roughness coefficient for Illinois streams","docAbstract":"Manning's roughness coefficients for 43 natural and constructed streams in Illinois are reported and displayed on a U.S. Geological Survey Web site. At a majority of the sites, discharge and stage were measured, and corresponding Manning's coefficients—the n-values—were determined at more than one river discharge. The n-values discussed in this report are computed from data representing the stream reach studied and, therefore, are reachwise values. Presentation of the resulting n-values takes a visual-comparison approach similar to the previously published Barnes report (1967), in which photographs of channel conditions, description of the site, and the resulting n-values are organized for each site. The Web site where the data can be accessed and are displayed is at URL http://il.water.usgs.gov/proj/nvalues/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds668","collaboration":"In Cooperation with the Illinois Department of Natural Resources—Office of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Soong, D., Prater, C.D., Halfar, T.M., and Wobig, L.A., 2012, Manning's roughness coefficient for Illinois streams: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 668, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds668.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_668.gif"},{"id":254636,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/668/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ccfe4b0c8380cd69ee9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soong, David T.","contributorId":87487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soong","given":"David T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prater, Crystal D. 0000-0002-8767-5523","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8767-5523","contributorId":57699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prater","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halfar, Teresa M. thalfar@usgs.gov","contributorId":4738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halfar","given":"Teresa","email":"thalfar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wobig, Loren A.","contributorId":36398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wobig","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}