{"pageNumber":"6325","pageRowStart":"158100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165969,"records":[{"id":1000145,"text":"1000145 - 1953 - The effect of ether anesthesia on fin-clipping rate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T13:56:55","indexId":"1000145","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of ether anesthesia on fin-clipping rate","docAbstract":"<p>As part of an experimental program to learn the effects of stocking lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Superior, 141, 392 fingerlings were marked at the Charlevoix (Michigan) Station of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in October 1952. The adipose fin was removed from all fish, the right pelvic from the remainder. A random sample of 2, 417 of the fish showed an average total length of 4.0 inches (range, 2.7 to 5.4). The mean weight of all fish marked was slightly less than one-third ounce (49 fish per pound). The local women, none of whom had previous experience in the work, were employed to mark the fish. Bone-cutting forceps were used for excision of the fins, and each worker wore a bobbinet glove to facilitate handling of the fish. On alternate days the fish were anesthetized with ether before marking, to determine the effect of its use on the fin-clipping rate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1953)15[80:TEOEAO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Eschmeyer, P.H., 1953, The effect of ether anesthesia on fin-clipping rate: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 15, no. 2, p. 80-82, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1953)15[80:TEOEAO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649641","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eschmeyer, Paul H.","contributorId":86719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eschmeyer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000178,"text":"1000178 - 1953 - Fluctuations in the fisheries of State of Michigan waters of Green Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T13:22:01","indexId":"1000178","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1664,"text":"Fishery Bulletin of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluctuations in the fisheries of State of Michigan waters of Green Bay","docAbstract":"<p>Green Bay, traditionally a major center of production, has assumed in recent years a position of overwhelming dominance in the commercial fisheries of the State of Michigan waters of Lake Michigan. Within the 4-year period 1945-1948 the commercial take in State of Michigan waters of Green Bay increased from 3,317,000 pounds in 1945 to 7,909,000 pounds in 1948, and it was 7,782,000 poinds in 1949. At the same time the percentage contribution of Green Bay to the State total for Lake Michigan rose each year, increasing from 36.5 in 1945 to 65.4 in 1949. The tremendous upswing in commercial production in Green Bay can be attributed to the abnormally high abundance of three important species--the lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), the lake herring or shallowwater cisco (Coregonus [=Leucichthys] artedii), and the walleye or yellow pikeperch (Stizostedion v. vitreum)--and to a marked rise in fishing intensity.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fishery Bulletin of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Hile, R., Lunger, G.F., and Buettner, H.J., 1953, Fluctuations in the fisheries of State of Michigan waters of Green Bay: Fishery Bulletin of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, v. 54, no. 75, p. 1-34.","productDescription":"p. 1-34","startPage":"1","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"75","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hile, Ralph","contributorId":48510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hile","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lunger, George F.","contributorId":11550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunger","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buettner, Howard J.","contributorId":82247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buettner","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000221,"text":"1000221 - 1953 - Trout fishing in Michigan waters of Lake Superior, 1952","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:35","indexId":"1000221","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3560,"text":"The Fisherman","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trout fishing in Michigan waters of Lake Superior, 1952","docAbstract":"This article has been prepared to present the results of recently completed statistical studies on the fishery in the State of Michigan waters of the lake.  The tabulations of production of lake trout and the estimates of levels of fishing pressure and abundance in the various statistical districts have been based on the monthly reports submitted by commercial operators to the Michigan Department of Conservation and turned over to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for statistical analysis.  To be sure, trends indicated by these statistics may not hold exactly for other areas of the lake.  Conditions in Michigan are nonetheless of primary importance since during the last 25 years that state has accounted for nearly half of the entire Lake Superior trout production and for more than 70 percent of the take in U.S. waters.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Fisherman","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Hile, R., 1953, Trout fishing in Michigan waters of Lake Superior, 1952: The Fisherman, v. 21, no. 5, p. 7, 11-12, 14.","productDescription":"p. 7, 11-12, 14","startPage":"7, 11","endPage":"12, 14","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0651","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hile, Ralph","contributorId":48510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hile","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":81350,"text":"81350 - 1953 - Sea lamprey spawning: Wisconsin and Minnesota streams of Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T15:32:23.205022","indexId":"81350","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":84,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Fisheries","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"97","title":"Sea lamprey spawning: Wisconsin and Minnesota streams of Lake Superior","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Loeb, H.A., 1953, Sea lamprey spawning: Wisconsin and Minnesota streams of Lake Superior: Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 97, 36 p.","productDescription":"36 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198426,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101780,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/content/sea-lamprey-spawning-wisconsin-and-minnesota-streams-lake-superior"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.2932442060535,\n              46.53801849599847\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.50894716491341,\n              48.02282639866175\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.15711887978152,\n              48.20234741183825\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.7057408913751,\n              48.15833881302618\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.48213634605524,\n              48.40319670473866\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.32900490043916,\n              46.61093869529458\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.55261656462791,\n              45.75903028146064\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.53197557881144,\n              45.82436185574744\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2932442060535,\n              46.53801849599847\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc5e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loeb, Howard A.","contributorId":63505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loeb","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70189740,"text":"70189740 - 1953 - The use of soils and paleosols for interpreting geomorphic and climatic history of arid regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-22T13:01:12","indexId":"70189740","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5468,"text":"Research Council of Israel Special Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"seriesNumber":"2","title":"The use of soils and paleosols for interpreting geomorphic and climatic history of arid regions","docAbstract":"<p>The study of modern surface soils, and ancient weathering zones, which occur either buried or as surface relicts, has contributed materially to understanding the complex events of the glacial and post-glacial period both in glaciated areas and in regions not influenced by glaciation. Most work of this kind in the United States has been done by geologists.</p><p>Numerous Pleistocene geologists have noted weathered zones between sheets of glacial drift or loess in the middle western United States. These include Condra, et al<sup>5</sup>; Frye<sup>7</sup>; Frye and Leonard<sup>8</sup>; Kay and Pearce<sup>13</sup>; Leighton and MacClintock<sup>15</sup>; Leverett<sup>16</sup>,<sup>17</sup>,<sup>18</sup>; Lugn<sup>19</sup>; Peltier<sup>23</sup>; Schultz and Stout<sup>26</sup>; Schultz, et al<sup>27</sup>; and Simonson<sup>28</sup>. Kay and Pearce<sup>13</sup> interpreted the weathered zones between sheets of glacial drift as profiles of ancient soils which they referred to as gumbotil. Hseung, Marshall and Krusekopf<sup>10</sup> have recently questioned the pedogenic character of gumbotil, but have failed to offer a satisfactory alternative explanation. Thorp, and coworkers<sup>30</sup>, in a general review of buried soils, apparently consider gumbotil a product of ancient soil-forming processes.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Desert research: Proceedings (Research Council of Israel Special Publication No. 2)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Desert Research","conferenceDate":"May 7-14, 1952","conferenceLocation":"Jerusalem, Israel","language":"English","publisher":"Research Council of Israel","publisherLocation":"Jerusalem, Israel","usgsCitation":"Miller, J., and Leopold, L.B., 1953, The use of soils and paleosols for interpreting geomorphic and climatic history of arid regions, <i>in</i> Desert research: Proceedings (Research Council of Israel Special Publication No. 2), Jerusalem, Israel, May 7-14, 1952, p. 453-462.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"453","endPage":"462","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":344223,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59746421e4b0ec1a48878495","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, John","contributorId":190242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":39176,"text":"pp248F - 1953 - Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 9, Thomaston-Barnesville district, Georgia; Part 10, Outlying deposits in Georgia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55364,"text":"ofr4468 - 1944 - Georgia mica mines","indexId":"ofr4468","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"title":"Georgia mica mines"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39176,"text":"pp248F - 1953 - Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 9, Thomaston-Barnesville district, Georgia; Part 10, Outlying deposits in Georgia","indexId":"pp248F","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 9, Thomaston-Barnesville district, Georgia; Part 10, Outlying deposits in Georgia"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":55366,"text":"ofr4467 - 1944 - Map of the Mitchell Creek mine, Upson County, Georgia","indexId":"ofr4467","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"title":"Map of the Mitchell Creek mine, Upson County, 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,{"id":39173,"text":"pp248C - 1953 - Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 3, Ridgeway-Sandy Ridge district, Virginia and North Carolina; Part 4, Outlying deposits in Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55335,"text":"ofr4379 - 1943 - Ridgeway mica mine, Henry County, Virginia","indexId":"ofr4379","publicationYear":"1943","noYear":false,"title":"Ridgeway mica mine, Henry County, Virginia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39173,"text":"pp248C - 1953 - Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 3, Ridgeway-Sandy Ridge district, Virginia and North Carolina; Part 4, Outlying deposits in Virginia","indexId":"pp248C","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 3, Ridgeway-Sandy Ridge district, Virginia and North Carolina; Part 4, Outlying deposits in Virginia"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":55336,"text":"ofr4473 - 1944 - Virginia mica mines","indexId":"ofr4473","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"title":"Virginia mica mines"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39173,"text":"pp248C - 1953 - Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 3, Ridgeway-Sandy Ridge district, Virginia and North Carolina; Part 4, Outlying deposits in Virginia","indexId":"pp248C","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 3, Ridgeway-Sandy Ridge district, Virginia and North Carolina; Part 4, Outlying deposits in Virginia"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-13T19:56:36.596722","indexId":"pp248C","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"248","chapter":"C","title":"Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 3, Ridgeway-Sandy Ridge district, Virginia and North Carolina; Part 4, Outlying deposits in Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp248C","usgsCitation":"Griffitts, W.R., Jahns, R.H., and Lemke, R.W., 1953, Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 3, Ridgeway-Sandy Ridge district, Virginia and North Carolina; Part 4, Outlying deposits in Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 248, Report: iv, 62 p.; 11 Plates: 32.08 x 16.83 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp248C.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 62 p.; 11 Plates: 32.08 x 16.83 inches or smaller","startPage":"141","endPage":"202","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":264204,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264205,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264201,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264202,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264203,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66712,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66711,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66710,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66715,"rank":8,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66713,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66714,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":104400,"rank":14,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92856.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":264206,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.83850327959766,\n              37.54881972096965\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.37777336766055,\n              37.54881972096965\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.37777336766055,\n              35.78636565251786\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.83850327959766,\n              35.78636565251786\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.83850327959766,\n              37.54881972096965\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62dbd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffitts, W. 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,{"id":39721,"text":"pp257A - 1953 - Lake Bonneville: Geology of northern Utah Valley, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52055,"text":"ofr49117 - 1949 - Statement on the hydrology of pre-Pleistocene (?) aquifers, from a chapter on water resources to be included in a Geological Survey report on the geology of North Utah Valley","indexId":"ofr49117","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"title":"Statement on the hydrology of pre-Pleistocene (?) aquifers, from a chapter on water resources to be included in a Geological Survey report on the geology of North Utah Valley"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39721,"text":"pp257A - 1953 - Lake Bonneville: Geology of northern Utah Valley, Utah","indexId":"pp257A","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Lake Bonneville: Geology of northern Utah Valley, Utah"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-22T15:28:33.251107","indexId":"pp257A","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"257","chapter":"A","title":"Lake Bonneville: Geology of northern Utah Valley, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Lake Bonneville was a vast Pleistocene lake that covered 20,000 square miles in northwestern Utah and had a maximum depth of about 1,000 feet. It was a body of water comparable in size to modern Lake Michigan.</p><p>Surveys of the unconsolidated deposits in the Lake Bonneville basin utilize the same methods used in studies of hard rocks, namely: separation of the deposits into mappable units and contacts between formations; observations of lateral and vertical changes in lithology; and plotting of these data on the map.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp257A","usgsCitation":"Hunt, C.B., Varnes, H., and Thomas, H.E., 1953, Lake Bonneville: Geology of northern Utah Valley, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 257, Report: v, 99 p.; 4 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp257A.","productDescription":"Report: v, 99 p.; 4 Plates","numberOfPages":"109","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409532,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0257a/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409531,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0257a/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409530,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0257a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409529,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0257a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0257a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67485,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0257a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Northern Utah Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, C. B.","contributorId":42573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varnes, H.D.","contributorId":38631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnes","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, H. E.","contributorId":12829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":19124,"text":"ofr5379 - 1953 - Preliminary report on the geology of the Nelchina area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T12:44:54.18474","indexId":"ofr5379","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-79","title":"Preliminary report on the geology of the Nelchina area, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5379","usgsCitation":"Grantz, A., 1953, Preliminary report on the geology of the Nelchina area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-79, Report: 2 p.; Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5379.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; Plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":429329,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/10494","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":106289,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7893.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":152493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0079/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48587,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0079/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48586,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0079/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48585,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0079/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48584,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0079/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689fa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grantz, Arthur agrantz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"Arthur","email":"agrantz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":180347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2140,"text":"wsp1228 - 1953 - Geology and water resources of Smith Valley, Lyon and Douglas Counties, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T21:31:36.397394","indexId":"wsp1228","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1228","title":"Geology and water resources of Smith Valley, Lyon and Douglas Counties, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1228","usgsCitation":"Loeltz, O.J., and Eakin, T., 1953, Geology and water resources of Smith Valley, Lyon and Douglas Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1228, Report; iv, 89 p.; 3 Plates: 14.00 x 26.57 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1228.","productDescription":"Report; iv, 89 p.; 3 Plates: 14.00 x 26.57 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414665,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24284.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":27743,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1228/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27742,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1228/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27741,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1228/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27740,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1228/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137794,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1228/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Douglas County, Lyon County","otherGeospatial":"Smith Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.433,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.433,\n              38.733\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.283,\n              38.733\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.283,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.433,\n              39\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684126","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loeltz, Omar J.","contributorId":86312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loeltz","given":"Omar","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eakin, Thomas E.","contributorId":95449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eakin","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2450,"text":"wsp1137E - 1953 - Floods of 1950 in southwestern Oregon and northwestern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T19:00:20.210453","indexId":"wsp1137E","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1137","chapter":"E","title":"Floods of 1950 in southwestern Oregon and northwestern California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1137E","usgsCitation":"Paulsen, C.G., 1953, Floods of 1950 in southwestern Oregon and northwestern California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1137, Report: vi, 61 p.; 1 Plate: 17.50 x 36.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1137E.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 61 p.; 1 Plate: 17.50 x 36.00 inches","startPage":"413","endPage":"503","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414641,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24229.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":28525,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137e/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28526,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138130,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137e/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.5,\n              45.367\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.5,\n              40.4670\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5,\n              40.4670\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5,\n              45.367\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.5,\n              45.367\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0d83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paulsen, C. G.","contributorId":96239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulsen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1285,"text":"wsp1190 - 1953 - Ground-water conditions in artesian aquifers in Brown County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T19:43:34.619708","indexId":"wsp1190","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1190","title":"Ground-water conditions in artesian aquifers in Brown County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The principal water-bearing rocks underlying Brown County, Wis., are thick sandstone units of Cambrian and Ordovician age. Other aquifers include limestone and dolomite of Ordovician age, dolomite of Silurian age, and sands and gravel of Pleistocene and Recent age. Underlying the water-bearing formations are crystalline rocks of pre-Cambrian age which contain little or no water. \r\n\r\nGround water is the source of all public and most private and industrial supplies in. the county. Several of the large industries use large quantities of surface water also. Most of the water is pumped from wells that penetrate the Cambrian sandstones where the water occurs under artesian conditions. From 1886, when the first deep well was drilled, to 1949, the pumpage in the county increased to an average of about 5 million gallons a day (mgd) in 1939 and to about 10 mgd in 1949.\r\n\r\nThe piezometric level, which was about 100 feet above the land surface in 1886, was about 300 feet below the land surface in 1949. About 200 feet of this decline took place after 1938. The water-level-measurement program begun in 1946 shows that yearly fluctuations of water levels in observation wells range from less than 1 foot to about 90 feet, the fluctuations being larger at the center of the heavily pumped area. The highest water levels occur in the winter or spring and the lowest in the summer near the end of the season of maximum withdrawal. Coefficients of transmissibility and storage for the sandstones were obtained by making controlled pumping tests at Green Bay and De Pere. The coefficients were verified by comparing computed water-level declines and rates of withdrawal with actual ones. The computed values were within I0 percent of the actual values. \r\n\r\nProbable declines of water levels by 1960 were computed, using the same coefficients of transmissibility and storage, and assuming three different conditions of pumping. The additional decline in water level will be 15 to 150 feet in the center of the pumped area, depending upon the amount of increased pumping and its distribution relative to the present pumped area and to the recharge area. \r\n\r\nThe water from the sandstones is a hard calcium magnesium bicarbonate water. Further work is needed to determine whether there is danger of contamination by salt water which occurs down the dip in the same formations. It is concluded that the rate of withdrawal from the area can be increased to 15 mgd by 1960 without dangerously lowering water levels, provided that new wells are properly spaced. In order to avoid expressive lowering of water levels, it is recommended that new wells be located west of Green Bay toward the recharge area. \r\n\r\nA detailed study has not been made of shallow aquifers in the county. Further work should be done to evaluate the possibilities of auxiliary supplies from the limestone of the Platteville formation or from the Niagara dolomite. \r\n\r\nConservation should be practice.4 by all users of ground water to avoid waste resulting in lower water levels and higher pumping costs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1190","usgsCitation":"Drescher, W.J., 1953, Ground-water conditions in artesian aquifers in Brown County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1190, Report: iv, 49 p.; 7 Plates: 20.00 x 9.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1190.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 49 p.; 7 Plates: 20.00 x 9.00 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415594,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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,{"id":2507,"text":"wsp1136 - 1953 - Native and contaminated ground waters in the Long Beach-Santa Ana area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T20:15:14.575742","indexId":"wsp1136","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1136","title":"Native and contaminated ground waters in the Long Beach-Santa Ana area, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1136","usgsCitation":"Piper, A., and Garrett, A.A., 1953, Native and contaminated ground waters in the Long Beach-Santa Ana area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1136, Report: ix, 320 p.; 19 Plates: 20.00 x 15.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1136.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 320 p.; 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,{"id":70046375,"text":"70046375 - 1953 - Abbreviations used in publications of the United States Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-08T12:48:15","indexId":"70046375","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Abbreviations used in publications of the United States Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The use of abbreviations in publications of the Geological Survey is determined by several forces working in different directions. Pulling in the direction of greater condensation and the freer use of abbreviations and symbols is the desire to achieve greater economy in publications. Working in the opposite direction is the desire to have the publications used more conveniently by an increasingly heterogeneous public.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70046375","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1953, Abbreviations used in publications of the United States Geological Survey, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70046375.","productDescription":"9 p.","numberOfPages":"11","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":274615,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70046375/report.pdf"},{"id":273567,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70046375/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6f562e4b0097a7158e57b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045409,"text":"70045409 - 1953 - Interpreting geologic maps for engineering purposes: Hollidaysburg quadrangle, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:30:15","indexId":"70045409","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Interpreting geologic maps for engineering purposes: Hollidaysburg quadrangle, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"This set of maps has been prepared to show the kinds of information, useful to engineers, that can be derived from ordinary geologic maps. A few additional bits of information, drawn from other sources, are mentioned below. Some of the uses of such maps are well known; they are indispensable tools in the modern search for oil or ore deposits; they are the first essential step in unraveling the story of the earth we live on. Less well known, perhaps, is the fact that topographic and geologic maps contain many of the basic data needed for planning any engineering construction job, big or little. Any structure built by man must fit into the topographic and geologic environment shown on such maps. Moreover, most if not all construction jobs must be based on knowledge of the soils and waters, which also are intimately related to this same environment. The topographic map shows the shape of the land the hills and valleys, the streams and swamps, the man-made features such as roads, railroads, and towns. The geologic map shows the kinds and shapes of the rock bodies that form the land surface and that lie beneath it. These are the facts around which the engineer must build.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70045409","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Pennsylvania","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1953, Interpreting geologic maps for engineering purposes: Hollidaysburg quadrangle, Pennsylvania, https://doi.org/10.3133/70045409.","numberOfPages":"8","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":262,"text":"Engineering Geology BranchGround Water Branch","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045409/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272723,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045409/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.500000,40.250000 ], [ -78.500000,40.500000 ], [ -78.250000,40.500000 ], [ -78.250000,40.250000 ], [ -78.500000,40.250000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516d216be4b0411d430a8a25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70184458,"text":"70184458 - 1953 - Relation of suspended-sediment concentration to channel scour and fill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T12:18:27","indexId":"70184458","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Relation of suspended-sediment concentration to channel scour and fill","docAbstract":"<p>It is known that during the passage of a flood the channel of an alluvial stream scours and fills with considerable rapidity. Though such changes may be random, it seems more likely that there is a definite pattern of channel change directly related both to discharge and to the sediment load provided to the river by the drainage basin.</p><p>In a study by the authors [1] an analysis was made of concurrent values of suspended sediment load and width, mean depth, mean velocity, and discharge at a number of gaging stations. From the data analyzed it appeared that fairly definite relations exist between these variables.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the fifth Hydraulics Conference, June 9-11, 1952, arranged by the Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the fifth Hydraulics Conference","conferenceDate":"June 9-11, 1952","conferenceLocation":"Iowa City, IA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., and Maddock, T., 1953, Relation of suspended-sediment concentration to channel scour and fill, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the fifth Hydraulics Conference, June 9-11, 1952, arranged by the Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, Iowa City, IA, June 9-11, 1952, p. 159-178.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"178","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":337178,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ir.uiowa.edu/uisie/34/","text":"Conference Proceedings"},{"id":337179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"University of Iowa Studies in Engineering, 34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277fbe4b014cc3a3e771a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maddock, Thomas Jr.","contributorId":14402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddock","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000163,"text":"1000163 - 1953 - The movement of tagged lake trout in Lake Superior, 1950-52","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-20T15:59:50.564467","indexId":"1000163","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The movement of tagged lake trout in Lake Superior, 1950-52","docAbstract":"<p>A total of 733 native lake trout was tagged at two widely separated localities in Lake Superior; subsequent recaptures numbered 155 fish (21.1 percent) during the year following marking. In October 1950, 116 large lake trout (average total length, 27.3 inches) were tagged near Keweenaw Point, Michigan. Fifteen (12.9 percent) were recovered during the first year at points as far west as the Gooseberry River, Minnesota (190 miles), north to the Slate Islands, Ontario (95 miles), and east to Grand Marais, Michigan (100 miles). Nine fish (7.8 percent) were recovered during the second year after marking. Returns from 617 tagged lake trout of smaller size (average length 18.2 inches) released in the Apostle Island region of Wisconsin during the period June 12 to August 6, 1951, numbered 140 (22.7 percent) during the first year. Of these fish, 90 percent were recaptured within a radius of 50 miles of the points of release. Seventy-six percent were caught in Wisconsin, 14 percent in Minnesota, and 9 percent in Michigan waters. The fish retaken in Michigan had moved 120 to 255 miles between the time of release and recapture, traveling as far west as Grand Marais. Lake trout recaptured at distances of more than 50 miles from the tagging locality were of larger average size than marked fish caught within this radius. </p><p>The four types of tags used in the marking of lake trout in the Apostle Island region, together with the number tagged and percentage recovered during the first year were as follows: 103 aluminum lower-jaw tags (used only on fish less than 17 inches in length when marked)-10.7 percent; 200 monel upper-jaw tags-14 percent; 162 streamer tags-19.8 percent; and 152 Peterson tags-45.4 percent. Obviously lake trout marked with the Peterson tag, with the discs and ends of the pin projecting from each side near the point of maximum girth, were more vulnerable to the fishery than were fish marked with other tags. The recoveries of marked fish show that Lake Superior lake trout-particularly fish of large size-may move many miles and freely cross political boundaries; and that the rate of harvest is moderately high for a fish with a life history as long as that of the lake trout.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1952)82[68:TMOTLT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Eschmeyer, P.H., Daly, R., and Erkkila, L.F., 1953, The movement of tagged lake trout in Lake Superior, 1950-52: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 82, no. 1, p. 68-77, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1952)82[68:TMOTLT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"77","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131506,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.19938850679905,\n              47.70219251975135\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.37337344484679,\n              46.40701495117111\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.83637874402585,\n              45.65664135395102\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.57836262100768,\n              47.082340243879926\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.18587494263889,\n              48.25603863790735\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.83058347192485,\n              48.02490350307414\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.19938850679905,\n              47.70219251975135\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4732","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eschmeyer, Paul H.","contributorId":86719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eschmeyer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Daly, Russell","contributorId":97857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daly","given":"Russell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erkkila, Leo F.","contributorId":92197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erkkila","given":"Leo","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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,{"id":70178712,"text":"70178712 - 1952 - Status of development of selected ground-water basins in Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T11:28:53","indexId":"70178712","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"Status of development of selected ground-water basins in Utah","docAbstract":"<p>This technical publication consists essentially of abstracts of more detailed reports which have been published. 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,{"id":70159230,"text":"tei138 - 1952 - Geology of the Quartz Creek Pegmatite District, Gunnison County Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-30T10:48:25","indexId":"tei138","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-06T08:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"138","title":"Geology of the Quartz Creek Pegmatite District, Gunnison County Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The Quartz Creek pegmatite district includes an area about 29 square miles in the vicinity of Quartz Creek in Gunnison County,. Colo. This area contains 1,803 pegmatites that are intruded into pre-Cambrian rocks.</p>\n<p>The rocks exposed in the district range in age from pre-Cambrian to Recent. The oldest pre-Cambrian rocks are chiefly quartzites interbedded with a few arkoses and conglomerates. These rocks are surrounded by more abundant hornblende gneiss and tonalite. A small body of biotite tonalite was intruded and two thin layers of dacitic pillow lava were extruded into this series. The hornblende gneiss and tonalite have the same composition and differ only in texture. The older material (hornblende gneiss) has a well-marked lineation, whereas the younger (tonalite) is equigranular. Subsequently, a large body of quartz monzonite was intruded along the northern boundary of the mapped area. Later, coarse-grained granite was intruded into the southern part of the area. Dikes of fine-grained granite cut the coarse-grained variety.&nbsp; The last period of intrusive activity in pre-Cambrian time is marked by a large number of pegmatites.</p>\n<p>The pre-Cambrian rocks were tilted and eroded, and the flatlying&nbsp; Jurassic Morrison formation was deposited on the irregular surface. This formation is conformably overlain by the Cretaceous Dakota sandstone. Faulting produced a vertical offset of 410 feet in the Mesozoic sediments along the only large fault in the area. At the end of Mesozoic time there was another period of erosion. Tertiary (?) tuff is exposed in small, scattered areas in the southern part of the district. It overlies both the Dakota sandstone and pre-Cambrian formations. Glacial till occurs along the edges of Quartz Creek and Wood Gulch. Quaternary alluvium fills the valley bottoms.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;Although the composition of the country rock has little effect on the shape of the pegmatites, the foliation imposed on this rock has a localizing effect and in part controls the ultimate shape of pegmatites.&nbsp; &nbsp;Zoned and related internal structures are not well developed in the pegmatites of this region. &nbsp;Many of the pegmatites are homogeneous and those that are zoned usually contain a large wall zone and small discontinuous cores. In addition to the more common homogeneous and zoned pegmatites, 7 percent of the pegmatites show a layered structure of textural and mineralogical units not repeated on the opposite side of the pegmatite. Other internal structural units include pegmatites which vary in composition along strike, multiple or &ldquo;line-rock pegmatites&rdquo; and fracture fillings.</p>\n<p>The mineralogy of the pegmatites is described in detail. &nbsp;Specific attention was given to most of the 27 observed minerals. A study of the index of refraction of 439 specimens of plagioclase showed that the variation from zone to zone and layer to layer is minor and that there is no systematic variation in respect to the entire district. No correlation could be found between the refractive index of plagioclase in the pegmatites and the type country rock, or the presence of various accessory minerals.</p>\n<p>Index of refraction determinations on 95 specimens of muscovite showed no constant variation from wall zone to core or from layer to layer. &nbsp;Curved muscovite has identical optical properties with the flat variety. The index of refraction was determined for 189 beryl specimens. The beryl in the pegmatites containing only a wall zone and a core showed no difference between zones, but in pegmatites that have intermediate zones, the indices of refraction of the beryl showed an inward increase in the alkali content from the contact. Beryl occurs with almost all of the pegmatite minerals and is not restricted in its mineral associations.</p>\n<p>Tourmaline, except the black variety, is associated with lepidolite. Dark green and blue tourmaline is found in the outer zones of pegmatites containing lepidolite, and the pink and light green varieties are found in direct contact with lepidolite.</p>\n<p>Lepidolite occurs in aggregates of fine grains, in flat plates, and in curved plates; the three varieties are optically identical. The lighter-colored varieties have higher indices of refraction and contain less lithia than the darker varieties.</p>\n<p>In addition, the occurrence of the following minerals is described in detail: perthite, quartz, martite, biotite, garnet, columbite-tantalite, monazite, microlite, topaz, gahnite, allanite, and an unidentified mineral.</p>\n<p>The lack of alteration in the wall rocks adjacent to the pegmatites is interpreted as indicating that the original pegmatite&nbsp; magma did not have an excess of materials such as B, OH-, and P that are needed to form alteration minerals. Because of their low concentration, the above materials were available only in the pegmatitic magma during its crystallization. Pegmatites that contain the rare minerals such as beryl, tourmaline, curved muscovite, biotite, magnetite, monazite, columbite-tantalite, cleavelandite, topaz, lepidolite, and microlite show a grouping in clusters within the district.</p>\n<p>Beryl-bearing pegmatites occur most abundantly in hornblende gneiss and are only rarely found in either granite or quartz monzonite. The types of minerals that form in a pegmatite appear to be determined by the character of the material segregated from the original magma and the period in which it segregated. The elements escape at one period and may be from only-a specific pocket in the magma. These liquids tend to form groups of pegmatites in which the later bodies contain a high proportion of volatiles.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Inferred reserves of the district are estimated for beryl, scrap mica, both hand-cobbing and milling feldspar, lepidolite, columbite-tantalite, topaz, monazite, and microlite. No sheet mica was found. Reserves are small and transportation costs are high so substantial production of low-priced feldspar and scrap mica will depend on the adoption of economica milling techniques for recovering the large quantities of feldspar available.&nbsp; Beryl is irregularly distributed and its recovery as a byproduct will depend on the establishment of a stable market for feldspar and scrap mica.&nbsp; Lepidolite reserves are small low grade.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei138","usgsCitation":"Staatz, M.H., and Trites, A., 1952, Geology of the Quartz Creek Pegmatite District, Gunnison County Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 138, Report: 288 p.; 11 Plates: 29.61 x 46.75 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei138.","productDescription":"Report: 288 p.; 11 Plates: 29.61 x 46.75 inches or 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,{"id":70159220,"text":"tei155 - 1952 - Geology and pegmatites of part of the Fourmile area, Custer County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-30T11:03:16","indexId":"tei155","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T05:15:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"155","title":"Geology and pegmatites of part of the Fourmile area, Custer County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>The Fourmile area, Custer County, S. Dak., is in pre-Cambrian metamorphic rocks that surround the granitic core of the Black Hills. The area is on the upright limb of an overturned anticline that plunges about 30&deg; S. 10&deg; E.</p>\n<p>Three new formations of metamorphic rocks are described that have a total thickness of at least 7, 700 feet. The oldest of these formations, the Ruby Creek quartz-mica schist, is more than 6,500 feet thick. The overlying Raver formation, about 200 feet thick, is composed of thin beds of amphibolite and hornblende schist, lime-silicate rock, cordierite-biotite schist, microcline-biotite schist, and other types of rock. The youngest formation, the Ruddock quartz-mica-feldspar schist, is more than 1,000 feet thick. The presence of kyanite, staurolite, cordierite, and sillimanite in the rocks indicate that they have been subjected to high-grade metamorphism.</p>\n<p>About 420 pegmatites were mapped in the Ruby Creek quartz-mica--schist and the Ruddock quartz-mica-feldspar schist. A few thin pegmatites in the Raver formation were not mapped. Most of the pegmatites are concordant with the schistosity and relict (?) bedding of the enclosing metamorphic rocks. They are as much as 250 feet thick and range from 10 to 2,600 feet in length. Nine pegmatites are zoned and are classified as heterogeneous pegmatites. The remainder are homogeneous pegmatites that are poorly zoned. The major constituents of the pegmatites are plagioclase, quartz perthite, and muscovite. The accessory minerals are tourmaline, apatite, garnet, and biotite. Beryl was observed in 15 of the pegmatites.</p>\n<p>The heterogeneous pegmatites contain commercial deposits of potash feldspar, mica (sheet and scrap), and beryl.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei155","usgsCitation":"Lang, A., and Redden, J., 1952, Geology and pegmatites of part of the Fourmile area, Custer County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 155, Report: 60 p.; 4 Plates: 19.73 x 23.88 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei155.","productDescription":"Report: 60 p.; 4 Plates: 19.73 x 23.88 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"61","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":310060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei155.jpg"},{"id":310808,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/155/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":310809,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/155/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":310810,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/155/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":310811,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/155/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"},{"id":310812,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/155/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 4"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","county":"Custer County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-102.8114,43.6852],[-102.8137,43.6792],[-102.818,43.675],[-102.8167,43.6719],[-102.8152,43.6664],[-102.8282,43.6589],[-102.8352,43.6588],[-102.8436,43.665],[-102.8481,43.6649],[-102.8572,43.6557],[-102.863,43.6583],[-102.8646,43.6669],[-102.8773,43.6689],[-102.8812,43.6702],[-102.8863,43.6711],[-102.8964,43.6722],[-102.9072,43.6725],[-102.9115,43.6688],[-102.9107,43.6642],[-102.9164,43.6641],[-102.9194,43.6595],[-102.918,43.6555],[-102.9223,43.654],[-102.9241,43.6494],[-102.9246,43.6471],[-102.9214,43.6454],[-102.92,43.6422],[-102.9243,43.6385],[-102.9275,43.6375],[-102.9323,43.6315],[-102.9314,43.6252],[-102.9325,43.6201],[-102.9356,43.6178],[-102.9412,43.6163],[-102.9526,43.6143],[-102.9563,43.6138],[-102.9626,43.6123],[-102.9664,43.6136],[-102.9709,43.6158],[-102.9822,43.6115],[-102.9854,43.6128],[-102.9922,43.6104],[-103.0016,43.607],[-103.0016,43.5897],[-103.0013,43.4763],[-103.0675,43.476],[-103.1496,43.4762],[-103.4594,43.4764],[-103.484,43.4763],[-103.5017,43.4763],[-103.6311,43.4765],[-103.6551,43.4764],[-103.6936,43.4764],[-103.8627,43.4763],[-103.8741,43.4769],[-103.9315,43.4768],[-103.9537,43.4771],[-104.0539,43.4772],[-104.0541,43.4827],[-104.0542,43.5037],[-104.0546,43.5674],[-104.0546,43.5742],[-104.0546,43.6466],[-104.0547,43.6713],[-104.0548,43.7132],[-104.0549,43.7251],[-104.0549,43.7377],[-104.0547,43.757],[-104.0546,43.7669],[-104.0547,43.8012],[-104.0548,43.8509],[-104.0548,43.853],[-103.5743,43.8564],[-103.455,43.8568],[-103.4239,43.8571],[-103.3407,43.8561],[-102.9834,43.8538],[-102.9612,43.8542],[-102.8749,43.8544],[-102.7473,43.8543],[-102.7086,43.8545],[-102.6877,43.8544],[-102.6876,43.8517],[-102.6918,43.8452],[-102.6886,43.8426],[-102.6886,43.8412],[-102.6885,43.8403],[-102.6884,43.838],[-102.6902,43.8343],[-102.692,43.8311],[-102.6951,43.8283],[-102.6973,43.8187],[-102.6985,43.8137],[-102.6945,43.8101],[-102.6957,43.8083],[-102.6963,43.8069],[-102.6988,43.8041],[-102.6987,43.8014],[-102.6966,43.7969],[-102.6972,43.795],[-102.7055,43.7958],[-102.7073,43.7926],[-102.7078,43.7903],[-102.7134,43.7857],[-102.7177,43.7815],[-102.7232,43.7764],[-102.7308,43.7735],[-102.7357,43.7712],[-102.7357,43.7693],[-102.735,43.7666],[-102.7348,43.763],[-102.736,43.7611],[-102.7385,43.7588],[-102.7404,43.7583],[-102.7435,43.7574],[-102.7491,43.7532],[-102.7546,43.7481],[-102.7582,43.7425],[-102.7638,43.7397],[-102.7751,43.7363],[-102.7718,43.7323],[-102.7718,43.7296],[-102.7767,43.7254],[-102.7779,43.7231],[-102.7791,43.7208],[-102.7841,43.7207],[-102.7898,43.7206],[-102.7972,43.7132],[-102.7984,43.7118],[-102.8033,43.7058],[-102.8005,43.7008],[-102.8011,43.6985],[-102.8061,43.6953],[-102.8098,43.6929],[-102.8129,43.691],[-102.8153,43.6878],[-102.8114,43.6852]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Custer\",\"state\":\"SD\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5626146ee4b0fb9a11dd7629","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lang, A.J. 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,{"id":13965,"text":"ofr172 - 1952 - Ground water in the Gila River Basin and adjacent areas, Arizona: a summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-29T08:13:56","indexId":"ofr172","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-04T14:49:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"172","title":"Ground water in the Gila River Basin and adjacent areas, Arizona: a summary","docAbstract":"<p>This report is a resume' of the principal facts collected by the Geological Survey in the period 1890-1952 about the ground-water resources of the Gila River basin and certain other areas in Arizona. Since 1939 the Geological Survey has been making ground-water investigations on a continuing basis in cooperation with the State of Arizona. Since 1940 the cooperating agency has been the State Land Department.</p><p>The occurrence of ground water in fifteen areas that form a part of the Gila River drainage basin is described in this report. The areas are denoted by the name of a town or geographic feature, and are as follows: Duncan, Safford, San Simon, Upper San Pedro, Lower San Pedro, Aravaipa Creek, Upper Santa Cruz, Lower Santa Cruz, Salt River Valley, Rainbow ValleyWaterman Wash, McMullen Valley, Harquahala Plain, Gila Bend, Palomas Plain, and Wellton-Mohawk. Data also are presented for several areas not in the Gila River system, including Ranegras Plain and the Willcox and Douglas basins. A summary of the data is given following the ground-water discussion in each area.</p><p>A series of maps accompany the report, including an index map and maps of the principal areas of ground-water development. The mar,z, show the geology, the location of most of the irrigation wells and irrigated lands, and, where data were available, contours of the water table, depth to the water table, and changes in its position over a period of years.</p><p>Ground water occurs in the region primarily in alluvial fill consisting of gravel, sand, silt, and clay which was deposited in structural troughs between mountain ranges. Ground water stored in these alluvial basins is derived from many sources. The principal sources are infiltration from runoff along the mountain fronts and seepage from irrigation water applied to cultivated lands.</p><p>Of great interest in Arizona at the present time is the rate of depletion of ground-water reserves by withdrawals from storage. Use of ground water in Arizona increased by more than 50 percent in the 6-year period 1'46-51, from 2,400,000 acre-feet in 1946 to 3,750,000 acre-feet in 1951. The areas of greatest withdrawal are in Pinal and Maricopa Counties, in the southcentral part of the State. Maps and hydrographs accompanying this report show that the water table is declining in the heavily pumped areas, indicating that ground water is being withdrawn in excess of replenishment. The rate of decline has been as much as 10 feet per year in the most intensively pumped areas, and has been greatest during the past few years.</p><p>In an effort to compensate for decreased well yields resulting from the decline of the water table in some areas, many deep wells have been drilled within the past few years. The deep aquifers do not represent a new source of water; their water is a part of the common supply of the structural basins in which they lie. The aquifers tapped by these deep wells generally yield less water per foot of drawdown than the shallower aquifers. The water in the deeper aquifers is variable in quality, ranging from water too high in dissolved solids to be usable for irrigation to water lower in concentration than that in the overlying aquifers.</p><p>The quality of the ground waters in most of the region is considered suitable for irrigation. In local areas, however, the ground waters are naturally unsuitable for irrigation and, in other areas, the concentration of dissolved solids has increased sufficiently to make the waters harmful to some crops. The problem of salt balance is becoming increasingly important, not only in the Salt River Valley area, but also in other parts of the Gila River Basin. A discussion of the salt-balance problem is given in Part II of this report.&nbsp;</p><p>It should be emphasized that ground waters in each of the individual areas in the Gila River drainage system are interrelated with ground waters in adjacent areas upstream and downstream. The connection is tenuous between some areas, but in central Arizona the ground waters in the different areas are closely related. Although subsurface barriers to ground-water movement exist in places, they are not everywhere fully effective.</p><p>The ground-water--surface-water interrelationship is important in some areas. Those basins occupied by perennial streams, or by streams having large influent seepage losses, have not shown large, perennial declines of water levels in wells. Effluent seepage of ground water contributes to stream flow in the lower reaches of several basins. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr172","usgsCitation":"Halpenny, L.C., 1952, Ground water in the Gila River Basin and adjacent areas, Arizona: a summary: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 172, xxii, 224 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr172.","productDescription":"xxii, 224 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":356900,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/0172/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":291630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/0172/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Gila River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5581,32.6315 ], [ -114.5581,33.3923 ], [ -108.2049,33.3923 ], [ -108.2049,32.6315 ], [ -114.5581,32.6315 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e09e59e4b0beb42bdca43a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halpenny, Leonard Cameron","contributorId":66698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halpenny","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"Cameron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":16406,"text":"ofr169 - 1952 - Perlite deposit near Healy, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-01T13:36:41","indexId":"ofr169","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T13:33:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"169","title":"Perlite deposit near Healy, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ofr169","usgsCitation":"Wahrhaftig, C., and Eckhart, R.A., 1952, Perlite deposit near Healy, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 169, Report: 6 p.; 2 Maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr169.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; 2 Maps","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Healy","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -149.664,63.6642 ], [ -149.664,64.2342 ], [ -148.1798,64.2342 ], [ -148.1798,63.6642 ], [ -149.664,63.6642 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53dca9cce4b0761578637761","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahrhaftig, Clyde","contributorId":102473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahrhaftig","given":"Clyde","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eckhart, Richard A.","contributorId":23551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckhart","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":72202,"text":"tem445 - 1952 - Reconnaissance for uraniferous rocks in northeastern Wind River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-23T13:10:15","indexId":"tem445","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-23T13:07:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"445","title":"Reconnaissance for uraniferous rocks in northeastern Wind River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/tem445","collaboration":"Prepared for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Technical Information Service.","usgsCitation":"Tourtelot, H.A., 1952, Reconnaissance for uraniferous rocks in northeastern Wind River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 445, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tem445.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290811,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.22823,43.573028 ], [ -108.22823,43.589193 ], [ -108.196215,43.589193 ], [ -108.196215,43.573028 ], [ -108.22823,43.573028 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffd76ae4b0824b2d177d34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tourtelot, Harry Allison","contributorId":77937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tourtelot","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"Allison","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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