{"pageNumber":"633","pageRowStart":"15800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40807,"records":[{"id":70191528,"text":"70191528 - 2013 - Calibration of semi-stochastic procedure for simulating high-frequency ground motions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-17T11:38:37","indexId":"70191528","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration of semi-stochastic procedure for simulating high-frequency ground motions","docAbstract":"

Broadband ground motion simulation procedures typically utilize physics-based modeling at low frequencies, coupled with semi-stochastic procedures at high frequencies. The high-frequency procedure considered here combines deterministic Fourier amplitude spectra (dependent on source, path, and site models) with random phase. Previous work showed that high-frequency intensity measures from this simulation methodology attenuate faster with distance and have lower intra-event dispersion than in empirical equations. We address these issues by increasing crustal damping (Q) to reduce distance attenuation bias and by introducing random site-to-site variations to Fourier amplitudes using a lognormal standard deviation ranging from 0.45 for Mw < 7 to zero for Mw 8. Ground motions simulated with the updated parameterization exhibit significantly reduced distance attenuation bias and revised dispersion terms are more compatible with those from empirical models but remain lower at large distances (e.g., > 100 km).

","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","doi":"10.1193/122211EQS312M","usgsCitation":"Seyhan, E., Stewart, J.P., and Graves, R., 2013, Calibration of semi-stochastic procedure for simulating high-frequency ground motions: Earthquake Spectra, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1495-1519, https://doi.org/10.1193/122211EQS312M.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1495","endPage":"1519","ipdsId":"IP-034821","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346686,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e71695e4b05fe04cd331ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seyhan, Emel","contributorId":51193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seyhan","given":"Emel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7081,"text":"University of California - Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Jonathan P.","contributorId":100110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7081,"text":"University of California - Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graves, Robert 0000-0001-9758-453X rwgraves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-453X","contributorId":140738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Robert","email":"rwgraves@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187339,"text":"70187339 - 2013 - Climate change's impact on key ecosystem services and the human well-being they support in the US","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-01T14:19:56","indexId":"70187339","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change's impact on key ecosystem services and the human well-being they support in the US","docAbstract":"

Climate change alters the functions of ecological systems. As a result, the provision of ecosystem services and the well-being of people that rely on these services are being modified. Climate models portend continued warming and more frequent extreme weather events across the US. Such weather-related disturbances will place a premium on the ecosystem services that people rely on. We discuss some of the observed and anticipated impacts of climate change on ecosystem service provision and livelihoods in the US. We also highlight promising adaptive measures. The challenge will be choosing which adaptive strategies to implement, given limited resources and time. We suggest using dynamic balance sheets or accounts of natural capital and natural assets to prioritize and evaluate national and regional adaptation strategies that involve ecosystem services.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/120312","usgsCitation":"Nelson, E.J., Kareiva, P., Ruckelshaus, M., Arkema, K.K., Geller, G., Girvetz, E., Goodrich, D., Matzek, V., Pinsky, M., Reid, W., Saunders, M., Semmens, D.J., and Tallis, H., 2013, Climate change's impact on key ecosystem services and the human well-being they support in the US: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 11, no. 9, p. 483-493, https://doi.org/10.1890/120312.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"493","ipdsId":"IP-042569","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/120312","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59084935e4b0fc4e448ffd92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Erik J.","contributorId":191581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kareiva, Peter","contributorId":58160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kareiva","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruckelshaus, Mary","contributorId":99446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruckelshaus","given":"Mary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arkema, Katie K.","contributorId":191584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arkema","given":"Katie","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Geller, Gary","contributorId":81395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geller","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Girvetz, Evan","contributorId":104764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girvetz","given":"Evan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goodrich, Dave","contributorId":191587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodrich","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Matzek, Virginia","contributorId":191588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matzek","given":"Virginia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pinsky, Malin","contributorId":191589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinsky","given":"Malin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Reid, Walt","contributorId":191590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reid","given":"Walt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Saunders, Martin","contributorId":191591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saunders","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Semmens, Darius J. 0000-0001-7924-6529 dsemmens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6529","contributorId":1714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"Darius","email":"dsemmens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Tallis, Heather","contributorId":176800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tallis","given":"Heather","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70048715,"text":"sir20135174 - 2013 - Refinement of regression models to estimate real-time concentrations of contaminants in the Menomonee River drainage basin, southeast Wisconsin, 2008-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:25:47","indexId":"sir20135174","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-31T09:36:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5174","title":"Refinement of regression models to estimate real-time concentrations of contaminants in the Menomonee River drainage basin, southeast Wisconsin, 2008-11","docAbstract":"In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District initiated a study to develop regression models to estimate real-time concentrations and loads of chloride, suspended solids, phosphorus, and bacteria in streams near Milwaukee, Wisconsin. To collect monitoring data for calibration of models, water-quality sensors and automated samplers were installed at six sites in the Menomonee River drainage basin. The sensors continuously measured four potential explanatory variables: water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. Discrete water-quality samples were collected and analyzed for five response variables: chloride, total suspended solids, total phosphorus, Escherichia coli bacteria, and fecal coliform bacteria. Using the first year of data, regression models were developed to continuously estimate the response variables on the basis of the continuously measured explanatory variables. Those models were published in a previous report. In this report, those models are refined using 2 years of additional data, and the relative improvement in model predictability is discussed. In addition, a set of regression models is presented for a new site in the Menomonee River Basin, Underwood Creek at Wauwatosa.\n\nThe refined models use the same explanatory variables as the original models. The chloride models all used specific conductance as the explanatory variable, except for the model for the Little Menomonee River near Freistadt, which used both specific conductance and turbidity. Total suspended solids and total phosphorus models used turbidity as the only explanatory variable, and bacteria models used water temperature and turbidity as explanatory variables.\n\nAn analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), used to compare the coefficients in the original models to those in the refined models calibrated using all of the data, showed that only 3 of the 25 original models changed significantly. Root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) calculated for both the original and refined models using the entire dataset showed a median improvement in RMSE of 2.1 percent, with a range of 0.0–13.9 percent. Therefore most of the original models did almost as well at estimating concentrations during the validation period (October 2009–September 2011) as the refined models, which were calibrated using those data.\n\nApplication of these refined models can produce continuously estimated concentrations of chloride, total suspended solids, total phosphorus, E. coli bacteria, and fecal coliform bacteria that may assist managers in quantifying the effects of land-use changes and improvement projects, establish total maximum daily loads, and enable better informed decision making in the future.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, A.K., Robertson, D.M., Saad, D.A., and Magruder, C., 2013, Refinement of regression models to estimate real-time concentrations of contaminants in the Menomonee River drainage basin, southeast Wisconsin, 2008-11: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5174, vii, 113 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135174.","productDescription":"vii, 113 p.","numberOfPages":"125","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135174.gif"},{"id":278594,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5174/"},{"id":278595,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5174/pdf/sir2013-5174.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Menomonee River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.25,42.833333 ], [ -88.25,43.333333 ], [ -87.833333,43.333333 ], [ -87.833333,42.833333 ], [ -88.25,42.833333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52736dfee4b097f32ac3dae6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, Austin K. 0000-0002-6027-3823 akbaldwi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3823","contributorId":4515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Austin","email":"akbaldwi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Magruder, Christopher","contributorId":35995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magruder","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048712,"text":"sir20135051 - 2013 - Groundwater and surface-water interaction within the upper Smith River Watershed, Montana 2006-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-30T14:30:20","indexId":"sir20135051","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-31T08:34:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5051","title":"Groundwater and surface-water interaction within the upper Smith River Watershed, Montana 2006-2010","docAbstract":"

The 125-mile long Smith River, a tributary of the Missouri River, is highly valued as an agricultural resource and for its many recreational uses. During a drought starting in about 1999, streamflow was insufficient to meet all of the irrigation demands, much less maintain streamflow needed for boating and viable fish habitat. In 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Meagher County Conservation District, initiated a multi-year hydrologic investigation of the Smith River watershed. This investigation was designed to increase understanding of the water resources of the upper Smith River watershed and develop a detailed description of groundwater and surface-water interactions. A combination of methods, including miscellaneous and continuous groundwater-level, stream-stage, water-temperature, and streamflow monitoring was used to assess the hydrologic system and the spatial and temporal variability of groundwater and surface-water interactions. Collectively, data are in agreement and show: (1) the hydraulic connectedness of groundwater and surface water, (2) the presence of both losing and gaining stream reaches, (3) dynamic changes in direction and magnitude of water flow between the stream and groundwater with time, (4) the effects of local flood irrigation on groundwater levels and gradients in the watershed, and (5) evidence and timing of irrigation return flows to area streams.

\n
\n

Groundwater flow within the alluvium and older (Tertiary) basin-fill sediments generally followed land-surface topography from the uplands to the axis of alluvial valleys of the Smith River and its tributaries. Groundwater levels were typically highest in the monitoring wells located within and adjacent to streams in late spring or early summer, likely affected by recharge from snowmelt and local precipitation, leakage from losing streams and canals, and recharge from local flood irrigation. The effects of flood irrigation resulted in increased hydraulic gradients (increased groundwater levels relative to stream stage) or even reversed gradient direction at several monitoring sites coincident with the onset of nearby flood irrigation. Groundwater-level declines in mid-summer were due to groundwater withdrawals and reduced recharge from decreased precipitation, increased evapotranspiration, and reduced leakage in some area streams during periods of low flow. Groundwater levels typically rebounded in late summer, a result of decreased evapotranspiration, decreased groundwater use for irrigation, increased flow in losing streams, and the onset of late-season flood irrigation at some sites.

\n
\n

The effect of groundwater and surface-water interactions is most apparent along the North and South Forks of the Smith River where the magnitude of streamflow losses and gains can be greater than the magnitude of flow within the stream. Net gains consistently occurred over the lower 15 miles of the South Fork Smith River. A monitoring site near the mouth of the South Fork Smith River gained (flow from the groundwater to the stream) during all seasons, with head gradients towards the stream. Two upstream sites on the South Fork Smith River exhibited variable conditions that ranged from gaining during the spring, losing (flowing from the stream to the groundwater) during most of the summer as groundwater levels declined, and then approached or returned to gaining conditions in late summer. Parts of the South Fork Smith River became dry during periods of losing conditions, thus classifying this tributary as intermittent. The North Fork Smith River is highly managed at times through reservoir releases. The North Fork Smith River was perennial throughout the study period although irrigation diversions removed a large percentage of streamflow at times and losing conditions persisted along a lower reach. The lowermost reach of the North Fork Smith River near its mouth transitioned from a losing reach to a gaining reach throughout the study period.

\n
\n

Groundwater and surface-water interactions occur downstream from the confluence of the North and South Fork Smith Rivers, but are less discernible compared to the overall magnitude of the main-stem streamflow. The Smith River was perennial throughout the study. Monitoring sites along the Smith River generally displayed small head gradients between the stream and the groundwater, while one site consistently showed strongly gaining conditions. Synoptic streamflow measurements during periods of limited irrigation diversion in 2007 and 2008 consistently showed gains over the upper 41.4 river miles of the main stem Smith River where net gains ranged from 13.0 to 28.9 cubic feet per second. Continuous streamflow data indicated net groundwater discharge and small-scale tributary inflow contributions of around 25 cubic feet per second along the upper 10-mile reach of the Smith River for most of the 2010 record. A period of intense irrigation withdrawal during the last two weeks in May was followed by a period (early June 2010 to mid-July 2010) with the largest net increase (an average of 71.1 cubic feet per second) in streamflow along this reach of the Smith River. This observation is likely due to increased groundwater discharge to the Smith River resulting from irrigation return flow. By late July, the apparent effects of return flows receded, and the net increase in streamflow returned to about 25 cubic feet per second.

\n
\n

Two-dimensional heat and solute transport VS2DH models representing selected stream cross sections were used to constrain the hydraulic properties of the Quaternary alluvium and estimate temporal water-flux values through model boundaries. Hydraulic conductivity of the Quaternary alluvium of the modeled sections ranged from 3x10-6 to 4x10-5 feet per second. The models showed reasonable approximations of the streambed and shallow aquifer environment, and the dynamic changes in water flux between the stream and the groundwater through different model boundaries.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135051","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Meagher County Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, R.R., and Eddy-Miller, C., 2013, Groundwater and surface-water interaction within the upper Smith River Watershed, Montana 2006-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5051, xi, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135051.","productDescription":"xi, 88 p.","numberOfPages":"104","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135051.gif"},{"id":278591,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5051/pdf/sir2013-5051.pdf"},{"id":279219,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5051/"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Smith River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.0,46.0 ], [ -112.0,47.5 ], [ -110.5,47.5 ], [ -110.5,46.0 ], [ -112.0,46.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52736dfce4b097f32ac3dae0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, Rodney R. 0000-0002-2588-715X caldwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-715X","contributorId":2577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Rodney","email":"caldwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.","contributorId":86755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddy-Miller","given":"Cheryl A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048696,"text":"70048696 - 2013 - Evidence for 20th century climate warming and wetland drying in the North American Prairie Pothole Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-15T16:12:28.702025","indexId":"70048696","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-30T13:55:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for 20th century climate warming and wetland drying in the North American Prairie Pothole Region","docAbstract":"The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America is a globally important resource that provides abundant and valuable ecosystem goods and services in the form of biodiversity, groundwater recharge, water purification, flood attenuation, and water and forage for agriculture. Numerous studies have found these wetlands, which number in the millions, to be highly sensitive to climate variability. Here, we compare wetland conditions between two 30-year periods (1946–1975; 1976–2005) using a hindcast simulation approach to determine if recent climate warming in the region has already resulted in changes in wetland condition. Simulations using the WETLANDSCAPE model show that 20th century climate change may have been sufficient to have a significant impact on wetland cover cycling. Modeled wetlands in the PPR's western Canadian prairies show the most dramatic effects: a recent trend toward shorter hydroperiods and less dynamic vegetation cycles, which already may have reduced the productivity of hundreds of wetland-dependent species.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.731","usgsCitation":"Werner, B.A., Johnson, W., and Guntenspergen, G.R., 2013, Evidence for 20th century climate warming and wetland drying in the North American Prairie Pothole Region: Ecology and Evolution, v. 3, no. 10, p. 3471-3482, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.731.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3471","endPage":"3482","ipdsId":"IP-046153","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.731","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.96,42.65 ], [ -114.96,52.70 ], [ -93.96,52.70 ], [ -93.96,42.65 ], [ -114.96,42.65 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52721c76e4b0ce70249c62fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werner, B. A.","contributorId":75435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werner","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, W. Carter","contributorId":97237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W. Carter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70144456,"text":"70144456 - 2013 - Improving regression-model-based streamwater constituent load estimates derived from serially correlated data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T14:05:44","indexId":"70144456","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving regression-model-based streamwater constituent load estimates derived from serially correlated data","docAbstract":"

A regression-model based approach is a commonly used, efficient method for estimating streamwater constituent load when there is a relationship between streamwater constituent concentration and continuous variables such as streamwater discharge, season and time. A subsetting experiment using a 30-year dataset of daily suspended sediment observations from the Mississippi River at Thebes, Illinois, was performed to determine optimal sampling frequency, model calibration period length, and regression model methodology, as well as to determine the effect of serial correlation of model residuals on load estimate precision. Two regression-based methods were used to estimate streamwater loads, the Adjusted Maximum Likelihood Estimator (AMLE), and the composite method, a hybrid load estimation approach. While both methods accurately and precisely estimated loads at the model’s calibration period time scale, precisions were progressively worse at shorter reporting periods, from annually to monthly. Serial correlation in model residuals resulted in observed AMLE precision to be significantly worse than the model calculated standard errors of prediction. The composite method effectively improved upon AMLE loads for shorter reporting periods, but required a sampling interval of at least 15-days or shorter, when the serial correlations in the observed load residuals were greater than 0.15. AMLE precision was better at shorter sampling intervals and when using the shortest model calibration periods, such that the regression models better fit the temporal changes in the concentration–discharge relationship. The models with the largest errors typically had poor high flow sampling coverage resulting in unrepresentative models. Increasing sampling frequency and/or targeted high flow sampling are more efficient approaches to ensure sufficient sampling and to avoid poorly performing models, than increasing calibration period length.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.09.001","usgsCitation":"Aulenbach, B.T., 2013, Improving regression-model-based streamwater constituent load estimates derived from serially correlated data: Journal of Hydrology, v. 503, p. 55-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.09.001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1980-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-050633","costCenters":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299141,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Thebes","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.46922302246094,\n 37.18609994167537\n ],\n [\n -89.46922302246094,\n 37.229303292139896\n ],\n [\n -89.44785118103027,\n 37.229303292139896\n ],\n [\n -89.44785118103027,\n 37.18609994167537\n ],\n [\n -89.46922302246094,\n 37.18609994167537\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"503","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551a75f8e4b03238427835b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T. 0000-0003-2863-1288 btaulenb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-1288","contributorId":3057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent","email":"btaulenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048681,"text":"70048681 - 2013 - Development of a stock-recruitment model and assessment of biological reference points for the Lake Erie walleye fishery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T08:27:10","indexId":"70048681","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-29T13:14:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a stock-recruitment model and assessment of biological reference points for the Lake Erie walleye fishery","docAbstract":"We developed an updated stock–recruitment relationship for Lake Erie Walleye Sander vitreus using the Akaike information criterion model selection approach. Our best stock–recruitment relationship was a Ricker spawner–recruit function to which spring warming rate was added as an environmental variable, and this regression model explained 39% of the variability in Walleye recruitment over the 1978 through 2006 year-classes. Thus, most of the variability in Lake Erie Walleye recruitment appeared to be attributable to factors other than spawning stock size and spring warming rate. The abundance of age-0 Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum, which was an important term in previous models, may still be an important factor for Walleye recruitment, but poorer ability to monitor Gizzard Shad since the late 1990s could have led to that term failing to appear in our best model. Secondly, we used numerical simulation to demonstrate how to use the stock recruitment relationship to characterize the population dynamics (such as stable age structure, carrying capacity, and maximum sustainable yield) and some biological reference points (such as fishing rates at different important biomass or harvest levels) for an age-structured population in a deterministic way.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2013.822442","usgsCitation":"Zhao, Y., Kocovsky, P.M., and Madenjian, C.P., 2013, Development of a stock-recruitment model and assessment of biological reference points for the Lake Erie walleye fishery: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 33, no. 5, p. 956-964, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2013.822442.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"956","endPage":"964","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-045130","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2013.822442","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278538,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2013.822442"},{"id":278539,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5270cafae4b0f7a10664c76a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhao, Yingming","contributorId":49752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"Yingming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick M. 0000-0003-4325-4265 pkocovsky@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-4265","contributorId":3429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick","email":"pkocovsky@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":251,"text":"Ecosystems Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048676,"text":"70048676 - 2013 - A synthesized mating pheromone component increases adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) trap capture in management scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T10:19:37","indexId":"70048676","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-29T12:07:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A synthesized mating pheromone component increases adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) trap capture in management scenarios","docAbstract":"Application of chemical cues to manipulate adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) behavior is among the options considered for new sea lamprey control techniques in the Laurentian Great Lakes. A male mating pheromone component, 7a,12a,24-trihydroxy-3-one-5a-cholan-24-sulfate (3kPZS), lures ovulated female sea lamprey upstream into baited traps in experimental contexts with no odorant competition. A critical knowledge gap is whether this single pheromone component influences adult sea lamprey behavior in management contexts containing free-ranging sea lampreys. A solution of 3kPZS to reach a final in-stream concentration of 10-12 mol·L-1 was applied to eight Michigan streams at existing sea lamprey traps over 3 years, and catch rates were compared between paired 3kPZS-baited and unbaited traps. 3kPZS-baited traps captured significantly more sexually immature and mature sea lampreys, and overall yearly trapping efficiency within a stream averaged 10% higher during years when 3kPZS was applied. Video analysis of a trap funnel showed that the likelihood of sea lamprey trap entry after trap encounter was higher when the trap was 3kPZS baited. Our approach serves as a model for the development of similar control tools for sea lamprey and other aquatic invaders.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2013-0080","usgsCitation":"Johnson, N.S., Siefkes, M.J., Wagner, C., Dawson, H., Wang, H., Steeves, T., Twohey, M., and Li, W., 2013, A synthesized mating pheromone component increases adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) trap capture in management scenarios: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 70, no. 7, p. 1101-1108, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0080.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1101","endPage":"1108","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-045309","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278527,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0080"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,41.4 ], [ -92.11,48.85 ], [ -76.3,48.85 ], [ -76.3,41.4 ], [ -92.11,41.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"70","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5270cad1e4b0f7a10664c692","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siefkes, Michael J.","contributorId":36905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siefkes","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagner, C. Michael","contributorId":83019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"C. Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, Heather","contributorId":96577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Heather","affiliations":[{"id":27267,"text":"University of Michigan-Flint","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":485395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Huiyong","contributorId":79007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Huiyong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Steeves, Todd","contributorId":59337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steeves","given":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Twohey, Michael","contributorId":80170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twohey","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":65440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70047386,"text":"70047386 - 2013 - Moving across the border: Modeling migratory bat populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T14:30:27","indexId":"70047386","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-29T11:04:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moving across the border: Modeling migratory bat populations","docAbstract":"The migration of animals across long distances and between multiple habitats presents a major challenge for conservation. For the migratory Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana), these challenges include identifying and protecting migratory routes and critical roosts in two countries, the United States and Mexico. Knowledge and conservation of bat migratory routes is critical in the face of increasing threats from climate change and wind turbines that might decrease migratory survival. We employ a new modeling approach for bat migration, network modeling, to simulate migratory routes between winter habitat in southern Mexico and summer breeding habitat in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. We use the model to identify key migratory routes and the roosts of greatest conservation value to the overall population. We measure roost importance by the degree to which the overall bat population declined when the roost was removed from the model. The major migratory routes—those with the greatest number of migrants—were between winter habitat in southern Mexico and summer breeding roosts in Texas and the northern Mexican states of Sonora and Nuevo Leon. The summer breeding roosts in Texas, Sonora, and Nuevo Leon were the most important for maintaining population numbers and network structure – these are also the largest roosts. This modeling approach contributes to conservation efforts by identifying the most influential areas for bat populations, and can be used as a tool to improve our understanding of bat migration for other species. We anticipate this approach will help direct coordination of habitat protection across borders.","largerWorkTitle":"Ecosphere","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/ES13-00023.1","usgsCitation":"Ruscena, W., López-Hoffman, L., Cline, J., Medellin, R., Cryan, P.M., Russell, A., McCracken, G., Diffendorfer, J., and Semmens, D.J., 2013, Moving across the border: Modeling migratory bat populations: Ecosphere, v. 4, no. 9, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00023.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-049561","costCenters":[{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es13-00023.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278515,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00023.1"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.36,15.48 ], [ -121.36,39.5 ], [ -91.19,39.5 ], [ -91.19,15.48 ], [ -121.36,15.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5270cafde4b0f7a10664c799","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruscena, Wiederholt","contributorId":16309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruscena","given":"Wiederholt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"López-Hoffman, Laura","contributorId":77397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"López-Hoffman","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cline, Jon","contributorId":78233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cline","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Medellin, Rodrigo","contributorId":66585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medellin","given":"Rodrigo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":2356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Russell, Amy","contributorId":38884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Amy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McCracken, Gary","contributorId":38885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCracken","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Diffendorfer, Jay 0000-0003-1093-6948","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":11930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Semmens, Darius J. 0000-0001-7924-6529 dsemmens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6529","contributorId":1714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"Darius","email":"dsemmens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70048673,"text":"ofr20131260 - 2013 - Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards for the 2013 Rim Fire, Stanislaus National Forest and Yosemite National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T18:02:06","indexId":"ofr20131260","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-29T10:56:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1260","title":"Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards for the 2013 Rim Fire, Stanislaus National Forest and Yosemite National Park, California","docAbstract":"Wildfire can significantly alter the hydrologic response of a watershed to the extent that even modest rainstorms can produce dangerous flash floods and debris flows. In this report, empirical models are used to predict the probability and magnitude of debris-flow occurrence in response to a 10-year rainstorm for the 2013 Rim fire in Yosemite National Park and the Stanislaus National Forest, California. Overall, the models predict a relatively high probability (60–80 percent) of debris flow for 28 of the 1,238 drainage basins in the burn area in response to a 10-year recurrence interval design storm. Predictions of debris-flow volume suggest that debris flows may entrain a significant volume of material, with 901 of the 1,238 basins identified as having potential debris-flow volumes greater than 10,000 cubic meters. These results of the relative combined hazard analysis suggest there is a moderate likelihood of significant debris-flow hazard within and downstream of the burn area for nearby populations, infrastructure, wildlife, and water resources. Given these findings, we recommend that residents, emergency managers, and public works departments pay close attention to weather forecasts and National-Weather-Service-issued Debris Flow and Flash Flood Outlooks, Watches and Warnings and that residents adhere to any evacuation orders.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131260","usgsCitation":"Staley, D.M., 2013, Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards for the 2013 Rim Fire, Stanislaus National Forest and Yosemite National Park, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1260, Report: iv, 11 p.; 3 Plates: 54.67 x 43.39 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131260.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 11 p.; 3 Plates: 54.67 x 43.39 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131260.gif"},{"id":278517,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1260/pdf/of2013-1260.pdf"},{"id":278518,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1260/pdf/of2013-1260_Plate1.pdf"},{"id":278519,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1260/pdf/of2013-1260_Plate2.pdf"},{"id":278520,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1260/pdf/of2013-1260_Plate3.pdf"},{"id":278516,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1260/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Stanislaus National Forest;Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.319948,37.550566 ], [ -120.319948,38.250044 ], [ -119.629869,38.250044 ], [ -119.629869,37.550566 ], [ -120.319948,37.550566 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5270cafbe4b0f7a10664c770","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048667,"text":"70048667 - 2013 - Crustal structure and fault geometry of the 2010 Haiti earthquake from temporary seismometer deployments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:04:05","indexId":"70048667","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-29T09:07:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure and fault geometry of the 2010 Haiti earthquake from temporary seismometer deployments","docAbstract":"Haiti has been the locus of a number of large and damaging historical earthquakes. The recent 12 January 2010 Mw 7.0 earthquake affected cities that were largely unprepared, which resulted in tremendous losses. It was initially assumed that the earthquake ruptured the Enriquillo Plantain Garden fault (EPGF), a major active structure in southern Haiti, known from geodetic measurements and its geomorphic expression to be capable of producing M 7 or larger earthquakes. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data, however, showed that the event ruptured a previously unmapped fault, the Léogâne fault, a north‐dipping oblique transpressional fault located immediately north of the EPGF. Following the earthquake, several groups installed temporary seismic stations to record aftershocks, including ocean‐bottom seismometers on either side of the EPGF. We use data from the complete set of stations deployed after the event, on land and offshore, to relocate all aftershocks from 10 February to 24 June 2010, determine a 1D regional crustal velocity model, and calculate focal mechanisms. The aftershock locations from the combined dataset clearly delineate the Léogâne fault, with a geometry close to that inferred from geodetic data. Its strike and dip closely agree with the global centroid moment tensor solution of the mainshock but with a steeper dip than inferred from previous finite fault inversions. The aftershocks also delineate a structure with shallower southward dip offshore and to the west of the rupture zone, which could indicate triggered seismicity on the offshore Trois Baies reverse fault. We use first‐motion focal mechanisms to clarify the relationship of the fault geometry to the triggered aftershocks.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120120303","usgsCitation":"Douilly, R., Haase, J.S., Ellsworth, W.L., Bouin, M., Calais, E., Symithe, S.J., Armbruster, J.G., Mercier de Lepinay, B., Deschamps, A., Mildor, S., Meremonte, M.E., and Hough, S.E., 2013, Crustal structure and fault geometry of the 2010 Haiti earthquake from temporary seismometer deployments: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 103, no. 4, p. 2305-2325, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120303.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"2305","endPage":"2325","numberOfPages":"21","ipdsId":"IP-044476","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278495,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120120303"}],"country":"Haiti","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.793426,18.351113 ], [ -72.793426,18.671113 ], [ -72.473426,18.671113 ], [ -72.473426,18.351113 ], [ -72.793426,18.351113 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"103","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5270caf9e4b0f7a10664c75e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douilly, Roby","contributorId":68173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douilly","given":"Roby","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haase, Jennifer S.","contributorId":81238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haase","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bouin, Marie-Paule","contributorId":49697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouin","given":"Marie-Paule","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Calais, Eric","contributorId":98838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calais","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Symithe, Steeve J.","contributorId":32818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symithe","given":"Steeve","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Armbruster, John G.","contributorId":51195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mercier de Lepinay, Bernard","contributorId":10322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercier de Lepinay","given":"Bernard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Deschamps, Anne","contributorId":24269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deschamps","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mildor, Saint‐Louis","contributorId":26217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mildor","given":"Saint‐Louis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Meremonte, Mark E. meremonte@usgs.gov","contributorId":4664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meremonte","given":"Mark","email":"meremonte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70048650,"text":"sir20135151 - 2013 - Groundwater contributions of flow, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon to the lower San Joaquin River, California, 2006-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T14:50:52","indexId":"sir20135151","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-29T08:58:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5151","title":"Groundwater contributions of flow, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon to the lower San Joaquin River, California, 2006-08","docAbstract":"The influence of groundwater on surface-water quality in the San Joaquin River, California, was examined for a 59-mile reach from the confluence with Salt Slough to Vernalis. The primary objective of this study was to quantify the rate of groundwater discharged to the lower San Joaquin River and the contribution of nitrate and dissolved organic carbon concentrations to the river. Multiple lines of evidence from four independent approaches were used to characterize groundwater contributions of nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon. Monitoring wells (in-stream and bank wells), streambed synoptic surveys (stream water and shallow groundwater), longitudinal profile surveys by boat (continuous water-quality parameters in the stream), and modeling (MODFLOW and VS2DH) provided a combination of temporal, spatial, quantitative, and qualitative evidence of groundwater contributions to the river and the associated quality. Monitoring wells in nested clusters in the streambed (in-stream wells) and on both banks (bank wells) along the river were monitored monthly from September 2006 to January 2009. Nitrate concentrations in the bank wells ranged from less than detection—that is, less than 0.01 milligrams per liter (mg/L) as nitrogen (N)—to approximately 13 mg/L as N. Nitrate was not detected at 17 of 26 monitoring wells during the study period. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations among monitoring wells were highly variable, but they generally ranged from 1 to 4 mg/L. In a previous study, 14 bank wells were sampled once in 1988 following their original installation. With few exceptions, specific conductivity and nitrate concentrations measured in this study were virtually identical to those measured 20 years ago. Streambed synoptic measurements were made by using a temporarily installed drive-point piezometer at 113 distinct transects across the stream during 4 sampling events. Nitrate concentrations exceeded the detection limit of 0.01 mg/L as N in 5 percent of groundwater samples collected from the in-stream wells as part of the synoptic surveys. Only 7 of the 113 cross-sectional transects had nitrate concentrations greater than 1 mg/L as N. In contrast, surface waters in the San Joaquin River tended to have nitrate concentrations in the 1–3 mg/L as N range. A zone of lower oxygen (less than 2 mg/L) in the streambed could limit nitrate contributions from regional groundwater flow because nitrate can be converted to nitrogen gas within this zone. Appreciable concentrations of ammonium (average concentration was 1.92 mg/L as N, and 95th percentile was 10.34 mg/L as N) in the shallow groundwater, believed to originate from anoxic mineralization of streambed sediments, could contribute nitrogen to the overlying stream as nitrate following in-stream nitrification, however. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations were highly variable in the shallow groundwater below the river (1 to 6 ft below streambed) and generally ranged between 1 and 5 mg/L, but had maximum concentrations in the 15–25 mg/L range. The longitudinal profile surveys were not particularly useful in identifying groundwater discharge areas. However, the longitudinal approach described in this report was useful as a baseline survey of measured water-quality parameters and for identifying tributary inflows that affect surface-water concentrations of nitrate. Results of the calibrated MODFLOW model indicated that the simulated groundwater discharge rate was approximately 1.0 cubic foot per second per mile (cfs/mi), and the predominant horizontal groundwater flow direction between the deep bank wells was westward beneath the river. The modeled (VS2DH) flux values (river gain versus river loss) were calculated for the irrigation and non-irrigation season, and these fluxes were an order of magnitude less than those from MODFLOW. During the irrigation season, the average river gain was 0.11 cfs/mi, and the average river loss was −0.05 cfs/mi. During the non-irrigation season, the average river gain was 0.10 cfs/mi, and the average river loss was -0.08 cfs/mi. Information on groundwater interactions and water quality collected for this study was used to estimate loads of nitrate and dissolved organic carbon from the groundwater to the San Joaquin River. Estimated loads of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon were calculated by using concentrations measured during four streambed synoptic surveys and the estimated groundwater discharge rate to the San Joaquin River from MODFLOW of 1 cfs/mi. The estimated groundwater loads to the San Joaquin River for dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon were 300 and 350 kilograms per day, respectively. These loads represent 9 and 7 percent, respectively, of the estimated instantaneous surface-water loads for dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon at the most downstream site, Vernalis, measured during the four streambed synoptic surveys.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135151","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of California at Davis and CALFED Drinking Water Quality Program","usgsCitation":"Zamora, C., Dahlgren, R., Kratzer, C.R., Downing, B.D., Russell, A.D., Dileanis, P.D., Bergamaschi, B., and Phillips, S.P., 2013, Groundwater contributions of flow, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon to the lower San Joaquin River, California, 2006-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5151, Report: xii, 105 p.; Appendix 4: CSV file; Appendix 5: CSV file; Appendix 6: CSV file; Appendix 7: CSV file; Appendix 8: CSV file, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135151.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 105 p.; Appendix 4: CSV file; Appendix 5: CSV file; Appendix 6: CSV file; Appendix 7: CSV file; Appendix 8: CSV file","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135151.jpg"},{"id":278460,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5151/"},{"id":278461,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5151/pdf/sir2013-5151.pdf"},{"id":278462,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5151/data/sir2013-5151_App5.csv"},{"id":278463,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5151/data/sir2013-5151_App4.csv"},{"id":278464,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5151/data/sir2013-5151_App8.csv"},{"id":278466,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5151/data/sir2013-5151_App7.csv"},{"id":278465,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5151/data/sir2013-5151_App6.csv"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.3303,36.8071 ], [ -121.3303,38.0048 ], [ -119.2264,38.0048 ], [ -119.2264,36.8071 ], [ -121.3303,36.8071 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f21de4b0bc0bec0a01be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zamora, Celia 0000-0003-1456-4360 czamora@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1456-4360","contributorId":1514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamora","given":"Celia","email":"czamora@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dahlgren, Randy A.","contributorId":48630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahlgren","given":"Randy A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kratzer, Charles R.","contributorId":30619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Russell, Ann D.","contributorId":105637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dileanis, Peter D. dileanis@usgs.gov","contributorId":71541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dileanis","given":"Peter","email":"dileanis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":73241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Phillips, Steven P. 0000-0002-5107-868X sphillip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-868X","contributorId":1506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Steven","email":"sphillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70047215,"text":"70047215 - 2013 - Linking movement and reproductive history of brook trout to assess habitat connectivity in a heterogeneous stream network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-16T09:51:09","indexId":"70047215","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-28T11:36:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking movement and reproductive history of brook trout to assess habitat connectivity in a heterogeneous stream network","docAbstract":"1. Defining functional connectivity between habitats in spatially heterogeneous landscapes is a particular challenge for small-bodied aquatic species. Traditional approaches (e.g. mark–recapture studies) preclude an assessment of animal movement over the life cycle (birth to reproduction), and movement of individuals may not represent the degree of gene movement for fecund species.\nWe investigated the degree of habitat connectivity (defined as the exchange of individuals and genes between mainstem and tributary habitats) in a stream brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) population using mark–recapture [passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags], stationary PIT-tag antennae and genetic pedigree data collected over 4 years (3425 marked individuals). We hypothesised that: (i) a combination of these data would reveal higher estimates of animal movement over the life cycle (within a generation), relative to more temporally confined approaches, and (ii) movement estimates of individuals within a generation would differ from between-generation movement of genes because of spatial variation in reproductive success associated with high fecundity of this species.\nOver half of PIT-tagged fish (juveniles and adults) were recaptured within 20 m during periodic sampling, indicating restricted movement. However, continuous monitoring with stationary PIT-tag antennae revealed distinct peaks in trout movements in June and October–November, and sibship data inferred post-emergence movements of young-of-year trout that were too small to be tagged physically. A combination of these methods showed that a moderate portion of individuals (28–33%) moved between mainstem and tributary habitats over their life cycle.\nPatterns of reproductive success varied spatially and temporally. The importance of tributaries as spawning habitat was discovered by accounting for reproductive history. When individuals born in the mainstem reproduced successfully, over 50% of their surviving offspring were inferred to have been born in tributaries. This high rate of gene movement to tributaries was cryptic, and it would have been missed by estimates based only on movement of individuals.\nThis study highlighted the importance of characterising animal movement over the life cycle for inferring habitat connectivity accurately. Such movements of individuals can contribute to substantial gene movements in a fecund species characterised by high variation in reproductive success.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fwb.12254","usgsCitation":"Kanno, Y., Letcher, B., Coombs, J.A., Nislow, K.H., and Whiteley, A.R., 2013, Linking movement and reproductive history of brook trout to assess habitat connectivity in a heterogeneous stream network: Freshwater Biology, v. 59, no. 1, p. 142-154, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12254.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-048823","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278472,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12254"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526f7970e4b0493c992e9954","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kanno, Yoichiro ykanno@usgs.gov","contributorId":4876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanno","given":"Yoichiro","email":"ykanno@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":24774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coombs, Jason A.","contributorId":77039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nislow, Keith H.","contributorId":103564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nislow","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whiteley, Andrew R.","contributorId":52072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whiteley","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":481416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70215749,"text":"70215749 - 2013 - Geophysical constraints on Rio Grande rift structure in the central San Luis Basin, Colorado and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-10T11:54:50.532348","indexId":"70215749","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-28T10:31:30","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical constraints on Rio Grande rift structure in the central San Luis Basin, Colorado and New Mexico","docAbstract":"

Interpretation of gravity, aeromagnetic, and magnetotelluric (MT) data reveals patterns of rifting, rift-sediment thicknesses, distribution of pre-rift volcanic and sedimentary rocks, and distribution of syn-rift volcanic rocks in the central San Luis Basin, one of the northernmost major basins that make up the Rio Grande rift. Rift-sediment thicknesses for the central San Luis Basin determined from a three-dimensional gravity inversion indicate that syn-rift Santa Fe Group sediments have a maximum thickness of ~2 km in the Sanchez graben near the eastern margin of the basin along the central Sangre de Cristo fault zone, and reach nearly 1 km within the Monte Vista graben near the western basin margin along the San Juan Mountains. In between, Santa Fe Group thickness is negligible under the San Luis Hills and estimated to reach ~1.1 km under the Costilla Plains (although no independent thickness constraints exist, and a range of thicknesses of 600 m to 2 km is geophysically reasonable). From combined geophysical and geologic considerations, pre-rift, dominantly sedimentary rocks appear to increase in thickness from none in the Sanchez graben on the east to perhaps 800 m under the San Luis Hills on the west. The pre-rift rocks are most likely early Tertiary in age, but the presence of Mesozoic and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks cannot be ruled out. Geophysical data provide new evidence that an isolated exposure of Proterozoic rocks on San Pedro Mesa is rooted in the Precambrian basement. This narrow, north-south–trending basement high has ~2 km of positive relief with respect to the base of the Sanchez graben, and separates the graben from the structural depression beneath the Costilla Plains. A structural high composed of pre-rift rocks, long inferred to extend from under the San Luis Hills to the Taos Plateau, is confirmed and found to be denser than previously believed, with little or no overlying Santa Fe Group sediments. Major faults in the study area are delineated by geophysical data and models; these faults include significant vertical offsets (≥1 km) of Precambrian rocks along the central and southern zones of the Sangre de Cristo fault system. Other faults with similarly large offsets of the Santa Fe Group include a fault bounding the western margin of San Pedro Mesa, and other faults that bound the Monte Vista graben in an area previously assumed to be a simple hinge zone at the western edge of the San Luis Basin. A major north-south–trending structure with expression in gravity and MT data occurs at the boundary between the Costilla Plains and the San Luis Hills structural high. Although it has been interpreted as a down-to-the-east normal fault or fault zone, our modeling suggests that it also is likely related to pre-rift tectonics. Aeromagnetic anomalies over much of the area are interpreted to mainly reflect variations of remanent magnetic polarity and burial depth of the 5.3–3.7 Ma Servilleta Basalt of the Taos Plateau volcanic field. Magnetic-source depth estimates are interpreted to indicate patterns of subsidence following eruption of the basalt, with maximum subsidence in the Sanchez graben.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2013.2494(04)","usgsCitation":"Drenth, B.J., Grauch, V.J., and Rodriguez, B.D., 2013, Geophysical constraints on Rio Grande rift structure in the central San Luis Basin, Colorado and New Mexico: GSA Special Papers, v. 494, p. 75-99, https://doi.org/10.1130/2013.2494(04).","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"99","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Central San Luis Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.97363281249999,\n 35.119908570996834\n ],\n [\n -106.2158203125,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -104.99633789062499,\n 35.119908570996834\n ],\n [\n -104.23828125,\n 36.932330061503144\n ],\n [\n -104.65576171875,\n 39.50404070558415\n ],\n [\n -106.10595703125,\n 40.094882122321145\n ],\n [\n -107.3583984375,\n 39.45316112807394\n ],\n [\n -107.97363281249999,\n 36.888408043138206\n ],\n [\n -107.97363281249999,\n 35.119908570996834\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"494","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drenth, Benjamin J. 0000-0002-3954-8124 bdrenth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3954-8124","contributorId":1315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenth","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdrenth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":803297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grauch, V. J. 0000-0002-0761-3489 tien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":152256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"tien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":803298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":803299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048638,"text":"70048638 - 2013 - Has the time come for big science in wildlife health?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-18T20:38:30.358709","indexId":"70048638","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-25T12:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1443,"text":"EcoHealth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Has the time come for big science in wildlife health?","docAbstract":"

The consequences of wildlife emerging diseases are global and profound with increased burden on the public health system, negative impacts on the global economy, declines and extinctions of wildlife species, and subsequent loss of ecological integrity. Examples of health threats to wildlife include Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which causes a cutaneous fungal infection of amphibians and is linked to declines of amphibians globally; and the recently discovered Pseudogymnoascus (Geomyces) destructans, the etiologic agent of white nose syndrome which has caused precipitous declines of North American bat species. Of particular concern are the novel pathogens that have emerged as they are particularly devastating and challenging to manage. A big science approach to wildlife health research is needed if we are to make significant and enduring progress in managing these diseases. The advent of new analytical models and bench assays will provide us with the mathematical and molecular tools to identify and anticipate threats to wildlife, and understand the ecology and epidemiology of these diseases. Specifically, new molecular diagnostic techniques have opened up avenues for pathogen discovery, and the application of spatially referenced databases allows for risk assessments that can assist in targeting surveillance. Long-term, systematic collection of data for wildlife health and integration with other datasets is also essential. Multidisciplinary research programs should be expanded to increase our understanding of the drivers of emerging diseases and allow for the development of better disease prevention and management tools, such as vaccines. Finally, we need to create a National Fish and Wildlife Health Network that provides the operational framework (governance, policies, procedures, etc.) by which entities with a stake in wildlife health cooperate and collaborate to achieve optimal outcomes for human, animal, and ecosystem health.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"EcoHealth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer US","doi":"10.1007/s10393-013-0880-0","usgsCitation":"Sleeman, J.M., 2013, Has the time come for big science in wildlife health?: EcoHealth, v. 10, no. 4, p. 335-338, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-013-0880-0.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"338","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051118","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-013-0880-0"},{"id":278448,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-63.6645,46.55],[-62.0121,46.4431],[-62.8743,45.9682],[-64.1428,46.3927],[-64.3926,46.7275],[-64.0149,47.036],[-63.6645,46.55]]],[[[-61.8063,49.1051],[-63.5893,49.4007],[-64.5191,49.873],[-62.8583,49.7064],[-61.8063,49.1051]]],[[[-123.51,48.51],[-124.0129,48.3709],[-125.655,48.825],[-127.03,49.815],[-128.0593,49.995],[-128.4446,50.5391],[-128.3584,50.7707],[-125.755,50.295],[-124.9208,49.4753],[-123.9225,49.0625],[-123.51,48.51]]],[[[-56.134,50.687],[-56.7959,49.8123],[-56.1431,50.1501],[-55.4715,49.9358],[-55.8224,49.5871],[-54.9351,49.313],[-54.4738,49.5567],[-53.4766,49.2491],[-53.786,48.5168],[-53.0861,48.6878],[-52.6481,47.5356],[-53.0692,46.6555],[-54.1789,46.8071],[-53.9619,47.6252],[-54.2405,47.7523],[-55.4008,46.885],[-55.9975,46.9197],[-55.2912,47.3896],[-56.2508,47.6326],[-59.266,47.6034],[-59.4195,47.8995],[-58.7966,48.2515],[-59.2316,48.5232],[-58.3918,49.1256],[-57.3587,50.7183],[-56.7387,51.2874],[-55.407,51.5883],[-56.134,50.687]]],[[[-133.18,54.17],[-131.75,54.12],[-132.0495,52.9846],[-131.179,52.1804],[-131.5778,52.1824],[-133.0546,53.4115],[-133.18,54.17]]],[[[-79.2658,62.1587],[-79.6575,61.6331],[-80.3622,62.0165],[-79.9294,62.3856],[-79.2658,62.1587]]],[[[-81.8983,62.7108],[-83.0686,62.1592],[-83.7746,62.1823],[-83.9937,62.4528],[-83.2505,62.9141],[-81.877,62.9046],[-81.8983,62.7108]]],[[[-85.1613,65.6573],[-84.9758,65.2175],[-84.464,65.3718],[-81.642,64.4551],[-81.5534,63.9796],[-80.8174,64.0575],[-80.1035,63.726],[-80.991,63.4113],[-82.5472,63.6517],[-83.1088,64.1019],[-85.5234,63.0524],[-85.8668,63.6373],[-87.222,63.5412],[-86.3528,64.0358],[-85.8839,65.7388],[-85.1613,65.6573]]],[[[-75.8659,67.1489],[-76.9869,67.0987],[-77.2364,67.5881],[-76.8117,68.1486],[-75.8952,68.2872],[-75.1145,68.0104],[-75.216,67.4443],[-75.8659,67.1489]]],[[[-95.6477,69.1077],[-96.2695,68.757],[-97.6174,69.06],[-98.4318,68.9507],[-99.7974,69.4],[-98.2183,70.1435],[-96.5574,69.68],[-95.6477,69.1077]]],[[[-90.5471,69.4977],[-90.5515,68.475],[-89.2152,69.2587],[-88.0197,68.6151],[-88.3175,67.8734],[-87.3502,67.1987],[-86.3061,67.9215],[-85.5766,68.7846],[-85.522,69.8821],[-82.6226,69.6583],[-81.2804,69.162],[-81.2202,68.6657],[-81.9644,68.1325],[-81.2593,67.5972],[-81.3865,67.1108],[-83.3446,66.4115],[-84.7354,66.2573],[-85.7694,66.5583],[-87.3232,64.7756],[-88.483,64.099],[-89.9144,64.0327],[-90.704,63.6102],[-90.77,62.9602],[-91.9334,62.8351],[-93.157,62.0247],[-94.2415,60.8987],[-94.6293,60.1102],[-94.6846,58.9488],[-93.215,58.7821],[-92.297,57.0871],[-90.8977,57.2847],[-89.0395,56.8517],[-87.3242,55.9991],[-85.0118,55.3026],[-82.2729,55.1483],[-82.4362,54.2823],[-82.125,53.277],[-81.4008,52.1579],[-79.9129,51.2084],[-79.143,51.5339],[-78.6019,52.5621],[-79.1242,54.1415],[-79.8296,54.6677],[-78.2287,55.1365],[-77.0956,55.8374],[-76.5414,56.5342],[-76.6232,57.2026],[-77.3023,58.0521],[-78.5169,58.8046],[-77.3368,59.8526],[-78.1069,62.3196],[-77.4107,62.5505],[-74.6682,62.1811],[-73.8399,62.4438],[-71.6771,61.5254],[-71.3737,61.1372],[-69.5904,61.0614],[-69.2879,58.9574],[-68.3746,58.8011],[-67.6498,58.2121],[-66.2018,58.7673],[-64.5835,60.3356],[-61.3966,56.9675],[-61.7987,56.3395],[-59.5696,55.2041],[-57.3332,54.6265],[-56.9369,53.7803],[-56.1581,53.6475],[-55.7563,53.2704],[-55.6834,52.1466],[-57.1269,51.4197],[-58.7748,51.0643],[-60.0331,50.2428],[-61.7237,50.0805],[-66.3991,50.229],[-67.2363,49.5116],[-68.5111,49.0684],[-71.1046,46.8217],[-70.2552,46.9861],[-68.65,48.3],[-66.5524,49.1331],[-65.0563,49.2328],[-64.171,48.7425],[-65.1155,48.0709],[-64.4722,46.2385],[-63.1733,45.739],[-61.5207,45.8838],[-60.5182,47.0079],[-60.4486,46.2826],[-59.8029,45.9204],[-61.0399,45.2653],[-64.2466,44.2655],[-65.3641,43.5452],[-66.1234,43.6187],[-66.1617,44.4651],[-64.4255,45.292],[-67.1374,45.1375],[-66.9647,44.8097],[-70.1162,43.6841],[-70.6455,43.0902],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.885,41.9228],[-69.965,41.6372],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.2413,41.1195],[-71.945,40.93],[-74.2567,40.4735],[-73.9624,40.4276],[-74.1784,39.7093],[-74.906,38.9395],[-75.5281,39.4985],[-75.0567,38.4041],[-75.9402,37.2169],[-75.7221,37.9371],[-76.2329,38.3192],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.5427,38.7176],[-76.3293,38.0833],[-76.99,38.24],[-76.3016,37.9179],[-76.2587,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.8973],[-75.7275,35.5507],[-76.3632,34.8085],[-77.3976,34.512],[-78.055,33.9255],[-79.0607,33.494],[-79.2036,33.1584],[-80.3013,32.5094],[-81.3363,31.4405],[-81.4904,30.73],[-81.3137,30.0355],[-80.0565,26.88],[-80.381,25.2062],[-81.1721,25.2013],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.8553,27.8862],[-82.65,28.55],[-83.7096,29.9366],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.1088,29.6362],[-86.4,30.4],[-89.5938,30.16],[-89.2177,29.2911],[-89.4082,29.1596],[-89.7793,29.3071],[-90.8802,29.1485],[-91.6268,29.677],[-93.8484,29.7136],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.6003,28.7386],[-96.594,28.3075],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.703,24.2723],[-97.8724,22.4442],[-97.1893,20.6354],[-95.9009,18.828],[-94.8391,18.5627],[-94.4257,18.1444],[-91.4079,18.8761],[-90.7719,19.2841],[-90.2786,20.9999],[-88.5439,21.4937],[-87.0519,21.5435],[-86.812,21.3315],[-86.8459,20.8499],[-87.6211,19.6466],[-87.4368,19.4724],[-87.8372,18.2598],[-88.3,18.5],[-88.1068,18.3487],[-88.3554,16.5308],[-88.9306,15.8873],[-88.1212,15.6887],[-87.9018,15.8645],[-86.9032,15.7567],[-84.9837,15.9959],[-83.4104,15.2709],[-83.1472,14.9958],[-83.1821,14.3107],[-83.5198,13.5677],[-83.4733,12.4191],[-83.8555,11.3733],[-83.4023,10.3954],[-82.1871,9.2075],[-82.2076,8.9956],[-81.7142,9.032],[-81.4393,8.7862],[-79.5733,9.6116],[-78.0559,9.2477],[-77.3534,8.6705],[-77.2426,7.9353],[-77.4311,7.6381],[-77.7534,7.7098],[-77.8816,7.2238],[-78.4292,8.052],[-78.1821,8.3192],[-79.1203,8.9961],[-79.5579,8.9324],[-79.7606,8.5845],[-80.3827,8.2984],[-80.4807,8.0903],[-80.0037,7.5475],[-80.4212,7.2716],[-80.8864,7.2205],[-81.0595,7.8179],[-81.5195,7.7066],[-81.7213,8.109],[-82.8201,8.2909],[-82.851,8.0738],[-83.5084,8.4469],[-83.7115,8.6568],[-83.6326,9.0514],[-84.6476,9.6155],[-84.7134,9.9081],[-84.9757,10.0867],[-85.1109,9.557],[-85.6608,9.9334],[-85.6593,10.7543],[-85.9417,10.8953],[-85.7125,11.0884],[-87.6685,12.9099],[-87.3167,12.9847],[-87.4894,13.2975],[-88.4833,13.164],[-90.6086,13.9098],[-91.2324,13.9278],[-93.3595,15.6154],[-94.6917,16.201],[-96.5574,15.6535],[-100.8295,17.1711],[-101.9185,17.9161],[-103.501,18.2923],[-104.992,19.3161],[-105.493,19.9468],[-105.7314,20.4341],[-105.3978,20.5317],[-105.2658,21.4221],[-106.0287,22.7738],[-108.4019,25.1723],[-109.2602,25.5806],[-109.4441,25.8249],[-109.2916,26.4429],[-110.3917,27.1621],[-110.641,27.8599],[-111.1789,27.9412],[-112.2282,28.9544],[-113.1638,30.7869],[-113.1487,31.171],[-114.7765,31.7995],[-114.9367,31.3935],[-114.6739,30.1627],[-111.6165,26.6628],[-110.6551,24.2986],[-110.1729,24.2656],[-109.4334,23.1856],[-110.0314,22.8231],[-110.2951,23.431],[-112.182,24.7384],[-112.3007,26.012],[-114.4658,27.1421],[-115.0551,27.7227],[-114.5704,27.7415],[-114.1993,28.115],[-114.162,28.5661],[-115.5187,29.5564],[-117.2959,33.0462],[-118.4106,33.7409],[-118.5199,34.0278],[-120.6229,34.6086],[-120.7443,35.1569],[-121.7146,36.1615],[-122.512,37.7834],[-123.7272,38.9517],[-123.8652,39.767],[-124.3981,40.3132],[-124.2137,41.9996],[-124.5328,42.766],[-124.1421,43.7084],[-123.8989,45.5234],[-124.0796,46.8648],[-124.6872,48.1844],[-124.5661,48.3797],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.5874,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.84,49],[-125.6246,50.4166],[-127.4356,50.8306],[-127.9928,51.7158],[-127.8503,52.3296],[-129.1298,52.7554],[-129.3052,53.5616],[-130.515,54.2876],[-130.5361,54.8028],[-131.9672,55.4978],[-132.25,56.37],[-133.5392,57.1789],[-134.0781,58.1231],[-136.6281,58.2122],[-137.8,58.5],[-139.8678,59.5378],[-142.5744,60.0845],[-143.9589,59.9992],[-147.1144,60.8847],[-148.2243,60.673],[-148.0181,59.9783],[-151.7164,59.1558],[-151.8594,59.745],[-151.4097,60.7258],[-150.3469,61.0336],[-150.6211,61.2844],[-154.0192,59.3503],[-153.2875,58.8647],[-154.2325,58.1464],[-156.3083,57.4228],[-156.5561,56.98],[-158.1172,56.4636],[-158.4333,55.9942],[-164.7856,54.4042],[-164.9422,54.5722],[-161.8042,55.895],[-160.5636,56.0081],[-157.7228,57.57],[-157.5503,58.3283],[-157.0417,58.9189],[-158.1947,58.6158],[-158.5172,58.7878],[-159.0586,58.4242],[-159.7117,58.9314],[-159.9813,58.5726],[-160.3553,59.0711],[-161.9689,58.6717],[-161.8742,59.6336],[-162.5181,59.9897],[-163.8183,59.7981],[-165.3464,60.5075],[-165.3508,61.0739],[-166.1214,61.5],[-164.5625,63.1464],[-163.0672,63.0595],[-162.2606,63.5419],[-161.5345,63.4558],[-160.7725,63.7661],[-160.9583,64.2228],[-161.5181,64.4028],[-160.7778,64.7886],[-162.7578,64.3386],[-163.5464,64.5592],[-164.9608,64.447],[-166.4253,64.6867],[-168.1106,65.67],[-164.4747,66.5767],[-163.6525,66.5767],[-163.7886,66.0772],[-161.6778,66.1161],[-162.4897,66.7356],[-163.7197,67.1164],[-165.3903,68.0428],[-166.7644,68.3589],[-166.2047,68.883],[-164.4308,68.9155],[-163.1686,69.3711],[-162.9306,69.8581],[-161.9089,70.3333],[-159.0392,70.8916],[-158.1197,70.8247],[-156.5808,71.3578],[-155.0678,71.1478],[-154.3442,70.6964],[-153.9,70.89],[-152.21,70.83],[-152.27,70.6],[-150.74,70.43],[-149.72,70.53],[-144.92,69.99],[-143.5895,70.1525],[-136.5036,68.898],[-134.4146,69.6274],[-132.9293,69.5053],[-129.7947,70.1937],[-129.1077,69.7793],[-128.3616,70.0129],[-128.1382,70.4838],[-127.4471,70.3772],[-125.7563,69.4806],[-124.4248,70.1584],[-124.2897,69.3997],[-123.0611,69.5637],[-122.6835,69.8555],[-121.4723,69.7978],[-117.6027,69.0113],[-115.2469,68.9059],[-113.8979,68.3989],[-115.3049,67.9026],[-113.4973,67.6882],[-109.9462,67.981],[-108.8802,67.3814],[-107.7924,67.8874],[-108.813,68.3116],[-108.1672,68.6539],[-106.15,68.8],[-104.3379,68.018],[-103.2212,68.0978],[-101.4543,67.6469],[-98.4432,67.7817],[-98.5586,68.4039],[-97.6695,68.5786],[-96.1199,68.2394],[-96.1259,67.2934],[-95.4894,68.0907],[-94.685,68.0638],[-94.2328,69.069],[-96.4713,70.0898],[-96.3912,71.1948],[-95.2088,71.9205],[-93.89,71.7602],[-92.8782,71.3187],[-91.5196,70.1913],[-92.4069,69.7],[-90.5471,69.4977]]],[[[-114.1672,73.1215],[-114.6663,72.6528],[-112.441,72.9554],[-111.0504,72.4504],[-109.9204,72.9611],[-109.0065,72.6334],[-108.1884,71.6509],[-107.686,72.0655],[-108.3964,73.0895],[-107.5165,73.236],[-106.5226,73.076],[-105.4025,72.6726],[-104.4648,70.993],[-100.9808,70.0243],[-101.0893,69.5845],[-102.7312,69.504],[-102.0933,69.1196],[-102.4302,68.7528],[-105.96,69.18],[-113.3132,68.5355],[-113.855,69.0074],[-115.22,69.28],[-116.1079,69.1682],[-117.34,69.96],[-112.4161,70.3664],[-114.35,70.6],[-117.9048,70.5406],[-118.4324,70.9092],[-116.1131,71.3092],[-119.402,71.5586],[-117.8664,72.7059],[-115.1891,73.3146],[-114.1672,73.1215]]],[[[-104.5,73.42],[-105.38,72.76],[-106.94,73.46],[-105.26,73.64],[-104.5,73.42]]],[[[-76.34,73.1027],[-76.2514,72.8264],[-79.4863,72.7422],[-80.8761,73.3332],[-80.8339,73.6932],[-80.3531,73.7597],[-78.0644,73.6519],[-76.34,73.1027]]],[[[-86.5622,73.1575],[-85.7744,72.5341],[-84.8501,73.3403],[-82.3156,73.751],[-80.6001,72.7165],[-80.7489,72.0619],[-78.7706,72.3522],[-77.8246,72.7496],[-74.2286,71.7671],[-74.0991,71.3308],[-72.2422,71.5569],[-71.2,70.92],[-68.7861,70.525],[-67.915,70.122],[-66.969,69.1861],[-68.8051,68.7202],[-64.8623,67.8475],[-63.4249,66.9285],[-61.852,66.8621],[-62.1632,66.1603],[-63.9184,64.9987],[-65.1489,65.426],[-66.7212,66.388],[-68.015,66.2627],[-68.1413,65.6898],[-65.3202,64.3827],[-64.6694,63.3929],[-65.0138,62.6742],[-68.7832,63.7457],[-66.3283,62.2801],[-66.1656,61.9309],[-71.0234,62.9107],[-72.2354,63.3978],[-71.8863,63.68],[-74.8344,64.6791],[-74.8185,64.3891],[-77.71,64.2295],[-78.556,64.5729],[-77.8973,65.3092],[-73.9598,65.4548],[-74.2939,65.8118],[-72.6512,67.2846],[-72.9261,67.7269],[-73.3116,68.0694],[-74.8433,68.5546],[-76.8691,68.8947],[-76.2287,69.1478],[-77.2874,69.7695],[-78.9572,70.1669],[-79.4925,69.8718],[-81.3055,69.7432],[-84.9447,69.9666],[-88.6817,70.4107],[-89.5134,70.762],[-88.4677,71.2182],[-89.8882,71.2226],[-90.2052,72.2351],[-89.4366,73.1295],[-88.4082,73.5379],[-85.8262,73.8038],[-86.5622,73.1575]]],[[[-100.3564,73.8439],[-99.1639,73.6334],[-97.38,73.76],[-97.12,73.47],[-98.0536,72.9905],[-96.54,72.56],[-96.72,71.66],[-98.3597,71.2729],[-99.3229,71.3564],[-102.5,72.51],[-102.48,72.83],[-100.4384,72.7059],[-101.54,73.36],[-100.3564,73.8439]]],[[[-93.1963,72.772],[-94.2691,72.0246],[-95.4099,72.0619],[-96.0338,72.9403],[-96.0183,73.4374],[-95.4958,73.8624],[-94.5037,74.1349],[-90.5098,73.8567],[-92.004,72.9662],[-93.1963,72.772]]],[[[-120.46,71.3836],[-123.0922,70.9016],[-123.62,71.34],[-125.929,71.8687],[-123.94,73.68],[-124.9178,74.2928],[-121.5379,74.4489],[-117.5556,74.1858],[-115.5108,73.4752],[-119.22,72.52],[-120.46,71.82],[-120.46,71.3836]]],[[[-93.6128,74.98],[-94.1569,74.5924],[-96.8209,74.9276],[-96.2886,75.3778],[-94.8508,75.6472],[-93.6128,74.98]]],[[[-98.5,76.72],[-97.7356,76.2566],[-97.7044,75.7434],[-98.16,75],[-99.8087,74.8974],[-100.8837,75.0574],[-100.8629,75.6408],[-102.5021,75.5638],[-102.5655,76.3366],[-98.5,76.72]]],[[[-108.2114,76.2017],[-107.8194,75.8455],[-105.881,75.9694],[-105.705,75.4795],[-106.3135,75.0053],[-109.7,74.85],[-112.2231,74.417],[-113.7438,74.3943],[-113.8714,74.7203],[-111.7942,75.1625],[-116.3122,75.0434],[-117.7104,75.2222],[-116.346,76.199],[-115.4049,76.4789],[-112.5906,76.1413],[-110.8142,75.5492],[-109.0671,75.4732],[-110.4973,76.4298],[-109.5811,76.7942],[-108.5486,76.6783],[-108.2114,76.2017]]],[[[-94.6841,77.0979],[-93.5739,76.7763],[-91.605,76.7785],[-90.7419,76.4496],[-90.9697,76.074],[-89.1871,75.6102],[-86.3792,75.4824],[-81.1285,75.714],[-80.0575,75.3369],[-79.8339,74.9231],[-81.9488,74.4425],[-89.7647,74.5156],[-92.4224,74.8378],[-92.8899,75.8827],[-93.8938,76.3192],[-95.9625,76.4414],[-97.1214,76.7511],[-96.7451,77.1614],[-94.6841,77.0979]]],[[[-116.1986,77.6453],[-116.3358,76.877],[-117.1061,76.53],[-121.5,75.9],[-122.8549,76.1165],[-119.1039,77.5122],[-116.1986,77.6453]]],[[[-93.84,77.52],[-96.1697,77.5551],[-96.4363,77.8346],[-94.4226,77.82],[-93.7207,77.6343],[-93.84,77.52]]],[[[-110.1869,77.697],[-112.0512,77.4092],[-113.5343,77.7322],[-112.7246,78.0511],[-109.8545,77.9963],[-110.1869,77.697]]],[[[-109.6632,78.602],[-112.5421,78.4079],[-111.5,78.85],[-109.6632,78.602]]],[[[-95.8303,78.0569],[-97.3098,77.8506],[-98.1243,78.0829],[-98.5529,78.4581],[-98.632,78.8719],[-96.7544,78.7658],[-95.5593,78.4183],[-95.8303,78.0569]]],[[[-100.0602,78.3248],[-99.6709,77.9075],[-102.9498,78.3432],[-105.1761,78.3803],[-104.2104,78.6774],[-105.4196,78.9183],[-105.4923,79.3016],[-100.8252,78.8005],[-100.0602,78.3248]]],[[[-87.02,79.66],[-85.8144,79.3369],[-89.0354,78.2872],[-90.8044,78.2153],[-92.8767,78.3433],[-93.9512,78.751],[-93.9357,79.1137],[-93.1452,79.3801],[-94.974,79.3725],[-96.0761,79.705],[-96.7097,80.1578],[-95.3235,80.9073],[-94.2984,80.9773],[-94.7354,81.2065],[-92.4098,81.2574],[-91.1329,80.7235],[-87.81,80.32],[-87.02,79.66]]],[[[-68.5,83.1063],[-61.85,82.6286],[-61.8939,82.3617],[-67.6576,81.5014],[-65.4803,81.5066],[-69.4697,80.6168],[-71.18,79.8],[-76.9077,79.3231],[-75.5292,79.1977],[-76.2205,79.0191],[-75.3935,78.5258],[-79.7595,77.2097],[-79.6197,76.9834],[-77.9109,77.0221],[-77.8891,76.778],[-80.5613,76.1781],[-83.1744,76.454],[-86.1118,76.299],[-89.4907,76.4724],[-89.6161,76.9521],[-87.7674,77.1783],[-88.26,77.9],[-84.9763,77.5387],[-86.34,78.18],[-87.9619,78.3718],[-87.152,78.7587],[-85.3787,78.9969],[-85.095,79.3454],[-86.5073,79.7362],[-86.9318,80.2515],[-83.4087,80.1],[-81.8482,80.4644],[-87.599,80.5163],[-89.3666,80.8557],[-91.3679,81.5531],[-91.587,81.8943],[-86.9702,82.2796],[-85.5,82.6523],[-83.18,82.32],[-82.42,82.86],[-79.3066,83.1306],[-68.5,83.1063]]],[[[-71.7124,19.7145],[-70.8067,19.8803],[-69.9508,19.648],[-69.7693,19.2933],[-69.2221,19.3132],[-69.2544,19.0152],[-68.3179,18.6122],[-68.6893,18.2051],[-69.9529,18.4283],[-70.5171,18.1843],[-70.6693,18.4269],[-71,18.2833],[-71.4002,17.5986],[-71.7083,18.045],[-72.3725,18.215],[-73.9224,18.031],[-74.458,18.3426],[-74.3699,18.6649],[-72.6949,18.4458],[-72.3349,18.6684],[-72.7917,19.1016],[-72.7841,19.4836],[-73.415,19.6396],[-73.1898,19.9157],[-71.7124,19.7145]]],[[[-77.5696,18.4905],[-76.8966,18.4009],[-76.1997,17.8869],[-77.2063,17.7011],[-78.3377,18.226],[-78.2177,18.4545],[-77.5696,18.4905]]],[[[-66.2824,18.5148],[-65.591,18.228],[-65.8472,17.9759],[-67.1842,17.9466],[-67.1007,18.5206],[-66.2824,18.5148]]],[[[-155.5421,19.0835],[-155.6882,18.9162],[-155.9367,19.0594],[-156.0735,19.7029],[-155.8611,20.2672],[-155.2245,19.993],[-154.8074,19.5087],[-155.5421,19.0835]]],[[[-156.0793,20.644],[-156.4145,20.5724],[-156.7106,20.9268],[-156.2571,20.9175],[-156.0793,20.644]]],[[[-157.6528,21.3222],[-158.1267,21.3124],[-158.2927,21.5791],[-158.0252,21.717],[-157.6528,21.3222]]],[[[-159.3451,21.982],[-159.8005,22.0653],[-159.3657,22.2149],[-159.3451,21.982]]],[[[-153.0063,57.1158],[-154.0051,56.7347],[-154.5164,56.9928],[-154.671,57.4612],[-153.2287,57.969],[-152.5648,57.9014],[-152.1412,57.5911],[-153.0063,57.1158]]],[[[-165.5792,59.91],[-166.1928,59.7544],[-167.4553,60.2131],[-165.6744,60.2936],[-165.5792,59.91]]],[[[-171.7317,63.7825],[-168.6894,63.2975],[-169.5294,62.9769],[-170.6714,63.3758],[-171.5531,63.3178],[-171.7911,63.4059],[-171.7317,63.7825]]],[[[-82.2682,23.1886],[-80.6188,23.106],[-79.2815,22.3992],[-78.3474,22.5122],[-76.5238,21.2068],[-75.5982,21.0166],[-75.6711,20.7351],[-74.9339,20.6939],[-74.178,20.2846],[-74.2967,20.0504],[-74.9616,19.9234],[-77.7555,19.8555],[-77.0851,20.4134],[-78.1373,20.74],[-78.7199,21.5981],[-79.285,21.5592],[-82.17,22.3871],[-81.795,22.637],[-82.7759,22.6882],[-84.0522,21.9106],[-84.9749,21.896],[-83.7782,22.7881],[-82.2682,23.1886]]],[[[-77.5347,23.7598],[-77.78,23.71],[-78.4085,24.5756],[-78.1909,25.2103],[-77.89,25.17],[-77.5347,23.7598]]],[[[-77.82,26.58],[-78.91,26.42],[-78.98,26.79],[-77.85,26.84],[-77.82,26.58]]],[[[-77,26.59],[-77.1726,25.8792],[-77.34,26.53],[-77.79,27.04],[-77,26.59]]],[[[-61.68,10.76],[-60.895,10.855],[-60.935,10.11],[-61.95,10.09],[-61.66,10.365],[-61.68,10.76]]],[[[-46.7638,82.628],[-43.4064,83.2252],[-39.8975,83.1802],[-38.6221,83.5491],[-27.1005,83.5197],[-20.8454,82.7267],[-22.6918,82.3417],[-31.9,82.2],[-31.3965,82.0215],[-27.8567,82.1318],[-24.8445,81.787],[-22.9033,82.0932],[-22.0718,81.7345],[-23.1696,81.1527],[-15.7682,81.9125],[-12.7702,81.7189],[-12.2086,81.2915],[-16.85,80.35],[-20.0462,80.1771],[-17.7304,80.1291],[-19.705,78.7513],[-19.6735,77.6386],[-18.4729,76.9857],[-21.6794,76.628],[-19.8341,76.0981],[-19.599,75.2484],[-20.6682,75.1559],[-19.3728,74.2956],[-21.5942,74.2238],[-20.4345,73.8171],[-20.7623,73.4644],[-23.5659,73.3066],[-22.3131,72.6293],[-22.2995,72.1841],[-24.2783,72.5979],[-24.793,72.3302],[-23.443,72.0802],[-22.1328,71.469],[-21.7536,70.6637],[-23.536,70.471],[-25.5434,71.4309],[-25.2014,70.7523],[-26.3628,70.2265],[-22.349,70.1295],[-27.7474,68.4705],[-31.7767,68.1208],[-32.8111,67.7355],[-34.202,66.6797],[-36.3528,65.9789],[-39.8122,65.4585],[-40.669,64.84],[-40.6828,64.139],[-41.1887,63.4825],[-42.8194,62.6823],[-42.4167,61.9009],[-43.3784,60.0977],[-44.7875,60.0368],[-46.2636,60.8533],[-48.2629,60.8584],[-49.2331,61.4068],[-49.9004,62.3834],[-51.6333,63.6269],[-52.1401,64.2784],[-52.2766,65.1767],[-53.6617,66.0996],[-53.3016,66.8365],[-53.9691,67.189],[-52.9804,68.3576],[-51.4754,68.7296],[-51.0804,69.1478],[-50.8712,69.9291],[-53.4563,69.2836],[-54.6834,69.61],[-54.75,70.2893],[-54.3588,70.8213],[-51.3901,70.5698],[-54.0042,71.5472],[-55,71.4065],[-55.8347,71.6544],[-54.7182,72.5863],[-57.3236,74.7103],[-58.5968,75.0986],[-58.5852,75.5173],[-61.2686,76.1024],[-68.5044,76.0614],[-71.4026,77.0086],[-66.764,77.376],[-71.0429,77.636],[-73.297,78.0442],[-73.1594,78.4327],[-65.7107,79.3944],[-65.3239,79.7581],[-68.023,80.1172],[-67.1513,80.5158],[-62.2344,81.3211],[-62.6512,81.7704],[-57.2074,82.1907],[-54.1344,82.1996],[-53.0433,81.8883],[-50.3906,82.4388],[-44.523,81.6607],[-46.9007,82.1998],[-46.7638,82.628]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"North America\"}}]}","volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b852fe4b058918d0a99ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-9910-6125 jsleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-6125","contributorId":128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeman","given":"Jonathan","email":"jsleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":82110,"text":"Midcontinent Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048622,"text":"fs20133093 - 2013 - US Topo: topographic maps for the nation","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70048622,"text":"fs20133093 - 2013 - US Topo: topographic maps for the nation","indexId":"fs20133093","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"US Topo: topographic maps for the nation"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70188457,"text":"fs20173045 - 2017 - US Topo—Topographic maps for the Nation","indexId":"fs20173045","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"US Topo—Topographic maps for the Nation"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70188457,"text":"fs20173045 - 2017 - US Topo—Topographic maps for the Nation","indexId":"fs20173045","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"US Topo—Topographic maps for the Nation"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-23T13:59:00","indexId":"fs20133093","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-25T11:01:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3093","title":"US Topo: topographic maps for the nation","docAbstract":"

US Topo is the next generation of topographic maps from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Arranged in the familiar 7.5-minute quadrangle format, digital US Topo maps are designed to look and feel (and perform) like the traditional paper topographic maps for which the USGS is so well known. In contrast to paper-based maps, US Topo maps provide modern technical advantages that support faster, wider public distribution and enable basic, on-screen geographic analysis for all users.

\n
\n

The US Topo quadrangle map has been redesigned so that map elements are visually distinguishable with the imagery turned on and off, while keeping the file size as small as possible. The US Topo map redesign includes improvements to various display factors, including symbol definitions (color, line thickness, line symbology, area fills), layer order, and annotation fonts. New features for 2013 include the following: a raster shaded relief layer, military boundaries, cemeteries and post offices, and a US Topo cartographic symbols legend as an attachment.

\n
\n

US Topo quadrangle maps are available free on the Web. Each map quadrangle is constructed in GeoPDF® format using key layers of geographic data (orthoimagery, roads, geographic names, topographic contours, and hydrographic features) from The National Map databases.

\n
\n

US Topo quadrangle maps can be printed from personal computers or plotters as complete, full-sized, maps or in customized sections, in a user-desired specific format. Paper copies of the maps can also be purchased from the USGS Store. Download links and a users guide are featured on the US Topo Web site.

\n
\n

US Topo users can turn geographic data layers on and off as needed; they can zoom in and out to highlight specific features or see a broader area. File size for each digital 7.5-minute quadrangle, about 30 megabytes. Associated electronic tools for geographic analysis are available free for download. The US Topo provides the Nation with a topographic product that users can quickly incorporate into decisionmaking, operational or recreational activities.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133093","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2013, US Topo: topographic maps for the nation: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3093, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133093.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049142","costCenters":[{"id":425,"text":"National Geospatial Technical Operations Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278424,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3093/"},{"id":278427,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133093.gif"},{"id":278426,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3093/pdf/fs2013-3093.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b8532e4b058918d0a99cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048599,"text":"ofr20131162 - 2013 - Qualilty, isotopes, and radiochemistry of water sampled from the Upper Moenkopi Village water-supply wells, Coconino County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T13:48:08.819677","indexId":"ofr20131162","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-25T08:32:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1162","title":"Qualilty, isotopes, and radiochemistry of water sampled from the Upper Moenkopi Village water-supply wells, Coconino County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Hopi Tribe Water Resources Program has granted contracts for studies to evaluate water supply conditions for the Moenkopi villages in Coconino County, Arizona. The Moenkopi villages include Upper Moenkopi Village and the village of Lower Moencopi, both on the Hopi Indian Reservation south of the Navajo community of Tuba City. These investigations have determined that water supplies are limited and vulnerable to several potential sources of contamination, including the Tuba City Landfill and a former uranium processing facility known as the Rare Metals Mill. Studies are ongoing to determine if uranium and other metals in groundwater beneath the landfill are greater than regional groundwater concentrations.\n\nThe source of water supply for the Upper Moenkopi Village is three public-supply wells. The wells are referred to as MSW-1, MSW-2, and MSW-3 and all three wells obtain water from the regionally extensive N aquifer. The N aquifer is the principal aquifer in this region of northern Arizona and consists of thick beds of sandstone between less permeable layers of siltstone and mudstone. The relatively fine-grained character of the N aquifer inhibits rapid movement of water and large yields to wells. In recent years, water levels have declined in the three public-supply wells, causing concern that the current water supply will not be able to accommodate peak demand and allow for residential and economic growth.\n\nAnalyses of major ions, nutrients, selected trace metals, stable and radioactive isotopes, and radiochemistry were performed on the groundwater samples from the three public-supply wells to describe general water-quality conditions and groundwater ages in and immediately surrounding the Upper Moenkopi Village area. None of the water samples collected from the public-supply wells exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking water standards.\n\nThe ratios of the major dissolved ions from the samples collected from MSW-1 and MSW-2 indicate water with a major ion composition of calcium and sulfate. There is no significant vertical distribution of ion concentrations in the samples collected from the upper and lower portion of the water column within the two wells. The samples collected at MSW-3 are higher in sodium and lower in calcium than the samples collected from MSW-1 and MSW-2, and contain a similar sulfate-ion percentage. There is a vertical distribution of ion concentrations in the samples collected from the upper and lower portion of the water column in MSW-3.\n\nGroundwater samples from the three water-supply wells analyzed for oxygen-18 and deuterium stable isotopes plot on a local water line that is approximately parallel to the global meteoric water line. Tritium concentrations in samples from MSW-1 and MSW-3 were equal to or less than laboratory detection limits and were interpreted to contain no modern (post-1952) water. Tritium concentration in a sample from the top of the water column at MSW-2 was 0.41 tritium units, indicating that the composition is primarily pre-bomb (pre-1952) water, but may contain a small fraction of post-bomb modern water.\n\nThe calculated carbon-14 ages of groundwater in MSW-1 and MSW-2, both completed about 140 feet into the Navajo Sandstone, are about 3,000 years before present. The calculated carbon-14 age of groundwater in MSW-3, completed about 240 feet into the Kayenta Formation-Navajo Sandstone transition zone is about 5,000 years before present in the upper portion of the water column and about 8,500 years before present in the lower portion of the water column. The gross alpha radioactivity of samples collected from the three water-supply wells ranged from 5.1 to 9.8 picocuries per liter-less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking water standard of 15 picocuries per liter. The gross beta radioactivity of samples collected from the wells ranged from 0.9 to 2.8 picocuries per liter and are not considered elevated relative to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking water standard.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131162","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Hopi Tribe","usgsCitation":"Carruth, R., Beisner, K., and Smith, G., 2013, Qualilty, isotopes, and radiochemistry of water sampled from the Upper Moenkopi Village water-supply wells, Coconino County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1162, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131162.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278397,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131162.jpg"},{"id":278396,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1162/"},{"id":278395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1162/pdf/ofr2013-1162.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County","otherGeospatial":"Moenkopi Village","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 35.0833\n ],\n [\n -109.5,\n 35.0833\n ],\n [\n -109.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b8531e4b058918d0a99bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carruth, Rob 0000-0001-7008-2927 rlcarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-2927","contributorId":1162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carruth","given":"Rob","email":"rlcarr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beisner, Kimberly","contributorId":85284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beisner","given":"Kimberly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Greg 0000-0001-8170-9924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-9924","contributorId":15210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048591,"text":"ofr20131259 - 2013 - Postwildfire debris-flow hazard assessment of the area burned by the 2013 West Fork Fire Complex, southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T18:01:35","indexId":"ofr20131259","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-25T08:03:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1259","title":"Postwildfire debris-flow hazard assessment of the area burned by the 2013 West Fork Fire Complex, southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"This report presents a preliminary emergency assessment of the debris-flow hazards from drainage basins burned by the 2013 West Fork Fire Complex near South Fork in southwestern Colorado. Empirical models derived from statistical evaluation of data collected from recently burned basins throughout the intermountain western United States were used to estimate the probability of debris-flow occurrence, potential volume of debris flows, and the combined debris-flow hazard ranking along the drainage network within and just downstream from the burned area, and to estimate the same for 54 drainage basins of interest within the perimeter of the burned area. Input data for the debris-flow models included topographic variables, soil characteristics, burn severity, and rainfall totals and intensities for a (1) 2-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall, referred to as a 2-year storm; (2) 10-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall, referred to as a 10-year storm; and (3) 25-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall, referred to as a 25-year storm.\n \nEstimated debris-flow probabilities at the pour points of the 54 drainage basins of interest ranged from less than 1 to 65 percent in response to the 2-year storm; from 1 to 77 percent in response to the 10-year storm; and from 1 to 83 percent in response to the 25-year storm. Twelve of the 54 drainage basins of interest have a 30-percent probability or greater of producing a debris flow in response to the 25-year storm. Estimated debris-flow volumes for all rainfalls modeled range from a low of 2,400 cubic meters to a high of greater than 100,000 cubic meters. Estimated debris-flow volumes increase with basin size and distance along the drainage network, but some smaller drainages also were predicted to produce substantial debris flows. One of the 54 drainage basins of interest had the highest combined hazard ranking, while 9 other basins had the second highest combined hazard ranking. Of these 10 basins with the 2 highest combined hazard rankings, 7 basins had predicted debris-flow volumes exceeding 100,000 cubic meters, while 3 had predicted probabilities of debris flows exceeding 60 percent. The 10 basins with high combined hazard ranking include 3 tributaries in the headwaters of Trout Creek, four tributaries to the West Fork San Juan River, Hope Creek draining toward a county road on the eastern edge of the burn, Lake Fork draining to U.S. Highway 160, and Leopard Creek on the northern edge of the burn. The probabilities and volumes for the modeled storms indicate a potential for debris-flow impacts on structures, reservoirs, roads, bridges, and culverts located within and immediately downstream from the burned area. U.S. Highway 160, on the eastern edge of the burn area, also is susceptible to impacts from debris flows.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131259","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Hinsdale County, Colorado","usgsCitation":"Verdin, K.L., Dupree, J.A., and Stevens, M.R., 2013, Postwildfire debris-flow hazard assessment of the area burned by the 2013 West Fork Fire Complex, southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1259, Report: iv, 30 p.; 3 Plates: 34 x 22.31 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131259.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 30 p.; 3 Plates: 34 x 22.31 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050942","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131259.gif"},{"id":278398,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1259/pdf/of2013-1259.pdf"},{"id":278399,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1259/pdf/of2013-1259_plate1.pdf"},{"id":278400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1259/pdf/of2013-1259_plate2.pdf"},{"id":278401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1259/pdf/of2013-1259_plate3.pdf"},{"id":278392,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1259/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"West Fork Complex","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.1052,37.1977 ], [ -107.1052,38.1408 ], [ -106.1574,38.1408 ], [ -106.1574,37.1977 ], [ -107.1052,37.1977 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b852fe4b058918d0a99b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verdin, Kristine L. 0000-0002-6114-4660 kverdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":3070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"Kristine","email":"kverdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dupree, Jean A. dupree@usgs.gov","contributorId":2563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupree","given":"Jean","email":"dupree@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stevens, Michael R. 0000-0002-9476-6335 mrsteven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-6335","contributorId":769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Michael","email":"mrsteven@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048549,"text":"70048549 - 2013 - Phreatophytes under stress: transpiration and stomatal conductance of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in a high-salinity environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-24T11:01:02","indexId":"70048549","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-24T10:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3089,"text":"Plant and Soil","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phreatophytes under stress: transpiration and stomatal conductance of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in a high-salinity environment","docAbstract":"Background and aims: We sought to understand the environmental constraints on an arid-zone riparian phreatophtye, saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima and related species and hybrids), growing over a brackish aquifer along the Colorado River in the western U.S. Depth to groundwater, meteorological factors, salinity and soil hydraulic properties were compared at stress and non-stressed sites that differed in salinity of the aquifer, soil properties and water use characteristics, to identify the factors depressing water use at the stress site.\nMethods: Saltcedar leaf-level transpiration (EL), LAI, and stomatal conductance (GS) were measured over a growing season (June–September) with Granier and stem heat balance sensors and were compared to those for saltcedar at the non-stress site determined in a previous study. Transpiration on a ground-area basis (EG) was calculated as EL × LAI. Environmental factors were regressed against hourly and daily EL and GS at each site to determine the main factors controlling water use at each site.\nResults: At the stress site, mean EG over the summer was only 30 % of potential evapotranspiration (ETo). GS and EG peaked between 8 and 9 am then decreased over the daylight hours. Daytime GS was negatively correlated with vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (P < 0.05). By contrast, EG at the non-stress site tracked the daily radiation curve, was positively correlated with VPD and was nearly equal to ETo on a daily basis. Depth to groundwater increased over the growing season at both sites and resulted in decreasing EG but could not explain the difference between sites. Both sites had high soil moisture levels throughout the vadose zone with high calculated unsaturated conductivity. However, salinity in the aquifer and vadose zone was three times higher at the stress site than at the non-stress site and could explain differences in plant EG and GS.\nConclusions: Salts accumulated in the vadose zone at both sites so usable water was confined to the saturated capillary fringe above the aquifer. Existence of a saline aquifer imposes several types of constraints on phreatophyte EG, which need to be considered in models of plant water uptake. The heterogeneous nature of saltcedar EG over river terraces introduces potential errors into estimates of ET by wide-area methods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Plant and Soil","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11104-013-1803-0","usgsCitation":"Glenn, E.P., Nagler, P.L., Morino, K., and Hultine, K., 2013, Phreatophytes under stress: transpiration and stomatal conductance of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in a high-salinity environment: Plant and Soil, v. 371, no. 1-2, p. 655-672, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1803-0.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"655","endPage":"672","numberOfPages":"23","ipdsId":"IP-045751","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278372,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1803-0"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,32.49 ], [ -114.82,40.43 ], [ -105.82,40.43 ], [ -105.82,32.49 ], [ -114.82,32.49 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"371","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a3364e4b0c0d229f9bddd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morino, Kiyomi","contributorId":78210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morino","given":"Kiyomi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hultine, Kevin","contributorId":105634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hultine","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048571,"text":"ofr20131258 - 2013 - Transient calibration of a groundwater-flow model of Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington: a supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5160","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T18:01:01","indexId":"ofr20131258","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-24T09:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1258","title":"Transient calibration of a groundwater-flow model of Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington: a supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5160","docAbstract":"A steady-state groundwater-flow model described in Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5160, ”Numerical Simulation of the Groundwater-Flow System in Chimacum Creek Basin and Vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington” was developed to evaluate potential future impacts of growth and of water-management strategies on water resources in the Chimacum Creek Basin. This supplement to that report describes the unsuccessful attempt to perform a calibration to transient conditions on the model. The modeled area is about 64 square miles on the Olympic Peninsula in northeastern Jefferson County, Washington. The geologic setting for the model area is that of unconsolidated deposits of glacial and interglacial origin typical of the Puget Sound Lowlands. The hydrogeologic units representing aquifers are Upper Aquifer (UA, roughly corresponding to recessional outwash) and Lower Aquifer (LA, roughly corresponding to advance outwash). Recharge from precipitation is the dominant source of water to the aquifer system; discharge is primarily to marine waters below sea level and to Chimacum Creek and its tributaries.\n\nThe model is comprised of a grid of 245 columns and 313 rows; cells are a uniform 200 feet per side. There are six model layers, each representing one hydrogeologic unit: (1) Upper Confining unit (UC); (2) Upper Aquifer unit (UA); (3) Middle Confining unit (MC); (4) Lower Aquifer unit (LA); (5) Lower Confining unit (LC); and (6) Bedrock unit (OE). The transient simulation period (October 1994–September 2009) was divided into 180 monthly stress periods to represent temporal variations in recharge, discharge, and storage.\n\nAn attempt to calibrate the model to transient conditions was unsuccessful due to instabilities stemming from oscillations in groundwater discharge to and recharge from streamflow in Chimacum Creek. The model as calibrated to transient conditions has mean residuals and standard errors of 0.06 ft ±0.45 feet for groundwater levels and 0.48 ± 0.06 cubic feet per second for flows. Although the expected seasonal trends were observed in model results, the typical observed annual variation of groundwater levels of about 2 feet was not. Streamflow at the most downstream observation point was about three times larger than simulated streamflow. Because the transient version of the model proved inherently unstable, it was not used to simulate forecast conditions for alternate hydrologic or anthropogenic changes. Adaptation of alternate stream simulation packages, such as RIV, or newer versions of MODFLOW, such as MODFLOW-NWT, could possibly assist with achieving calibration to transient conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Jefferson County and the Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.L., and Johnson, K.H., 2013, Transient calibration of a groundwater-flow model of Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington: a supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5160: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1258, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131258.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278350,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131258.PNG"},{"id":278348,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1258/pdf/ofr2013-1258.pdf"},{"id":278349,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1258/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Chimacum Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.846987,47.927651 ], [ -122.846987,48.0685 ], [ -122.677922,48.0685 ], [ -122.677922,47.927651 ], [ -122.846987,47.927651 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a3365e4b0c0d229f9bde6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Joseph L. jljones@usgs.gov","contributorId":3492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Joseph","email":"jljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Kenneth H. johnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kenneth","email":"johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048530,"text":"70048530 - 2013 - Influence of monsoon-related riparian phenology on yellow-billed cuckoo habitat selection in Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:36:41","indexId":"70048530","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T15:19:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of monsoon-related riparian phenology on yellow-billed cuckoo habitat selection in Arizona","docAbstract":"Aim: The western yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis), a Neotropical migrant bird, is facing steep population declines in its western breeding grounds owing primarily to loss of native habitat. The favoured esting habitat for the cuckoo in the south-western United States is low-elevation riparian forests and woodlands. Our aim was to explore relationships between vegetation phenology patterns captured by satellite phenometrics and the distribution of the yellow-billed cuckoo, and to use this information to map cuckoo habitat. Location: Arizona, USA. Methods: Land surface phenometrics were derived from satellite Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), bi-weekly time-composite, ormalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data for 1998 and 1999 at a resolution of 1 km. Fourier harmonics were used to analyse the waveform of the annual NDVI profile in each pixel. To create the models, we coupled 1998 satellite phenometrics with 1998 field survey data of cuckoo presence or absence and with point data that sampled riparian and cottonwood–willow vegetation types. Our models were verified and refined using field and satellite data collected in 1999. Results: The models reveal that cuckoos prefer areas that experience peak greenness 29 days later, are 36% more dynamic and slightly (< 1%) more productive than their average cottonwood–willow habitat. The results support a scenario in which cuckoos migrate northwards, following the greening of riparian corridors and surrounding landscapes in response to monsoon precipitation, but then select a nesting site based on optimizing the near-term foraging potential of the neighbourhood. Main conclusions: The identification of preferred phenotypes within recognized habitat can be used to refine future habitat models, inform habitat response to climate change, and suggest adaptation strategies. For example, models of phenotype preferences can guide management actions by identifying and prioritizing for conservation those landscapes that reliably exhibit highly preferred phenometrics on a consistent basis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jbi.12167","usgsCitation":"Wallace, C., Villarreal, M.L., and van Riper, C., 2013, Influence of monsoon-related riparian phenology on yellow-billed cuckoo habitat selection in Arizona: Journal of Biogeography, v. 40, no. 11, p. 2094-2107, https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12167.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2094","endPage":"2107","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-013518","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12167","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278334,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12167"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.8184,31.3322 ], [ -114.8184,37.0043 ], [ -109.0452,37.0043 ], [ -109.0452,31.3322 ], [ -114.8184,31.3322 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679067e4b0c24c90856d8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, Cynthia S.A. cwallace@usgs.gov","contributorId":3335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Cynthia S.A.","email":"cwallace@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Villarreal, Miguel L. 0000-0003-0720-1422 mvillarreal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0720-1422","contributorId":1424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villarreal","given":"Miguel","email":"mvillarreal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048533,"text":"70048533 - 2013 - Influence of management and precipitation on carbon fluxes in greatplains grasslands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T10:47:20","indexId":"70048533","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T14:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of management and precipitation on carbon fluxes in greatplains grasslands","docAbstract":"Suitable management and sufficient precipitation on grasslands can provide carbon sinks. The net carbon accumulation of a site from the atmosphere, modeled as the Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP), is a useful means to gauge carbon balance. Previous research has developed methods to integrate flux tower data with satellite biophysical datasets to estimate NEP across large regions. A related method uses the Ecosystem Performance Anomaly (EPA) as a satellite-derived indicator of disturbance intensity (e.g., livestock stocking rate, fire, and insect damage). To better understand the interactions among management, climate, and carbon dynamics, we evaluated the relationship between EPA and NEP data at the 250 m scale for grasslands in the Central Great Plains, USA (ranging from semi-arid to mesic). We also used weekly estimates of NEP to evaluate the phenology of carbon dynamics, classified by EPA (i.e., by level of disturbance impact). Results show that the cumulative carbon balance over these grasslands from 2000 to 2008 was a weak net sink of 13.7 g C m−2 yr−1. Overall, NEP increased with precipitation (R2 = 0.39, P < 0.05) from west to east. Disturbance influenced NEP phenology; however, climate and biophysical conditions were usually more important. The NEP response to disturbance varies by ecoregion, and more generally by grassland type, where the shortgrass prairie NEP is most sensitive to disturbance, the mixed-grass prairie displays a moderate response, and tallgrass prairie is the least impacted by disturbance (as measured by EPA). Sustainable management practices in the tallgrass and mixed-grass prairie may potentially induce a period of average net carbon sink until a new equilibrium soil organic carbon is achieved. In the shortgrass prairie, management should be considered sustainable if carbon stocks are simply maintained. The consideration of site carbon balance adds to the already difficult task of managing grasslands appropriately to site conditions. Results clarify the seasonal and interannual dynamics of NEP, specifically the influence of disturbance and moisture availability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Indicators","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.06.028","usgsCitation":"Rigge, M.B., Wylie, B.K., Zhang, L., and Boyte, S.P., 2013, Influence of management and precipitation on carbon fluxes in greatplains grasslands: Ecological Indicators, v. 34, p. 590-599, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.06.028.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"590","endPage":"599","ipdsId":"IP-042112","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278333,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.06.028"}],"volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679067e4b0c24c90856d87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rigge, Matthew B. 0000-0003-4471-8009 mrigge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4471-8009","contributorId":751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigge","given":"Matthew","email":"mrigge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Li","contributorId":98139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Li","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyte, Stephen P. 0000-0002-5462-3225 sboyte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-3225","contributorId":3463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyte","given":"Stephen","email":"sboyte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048546,"text":"70048546 - 2013 - Estimating riparian and agricultural evapotranspiration by reference crop evapotranspiration and MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-11T21:30:40.075464","indexId":"70048546","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T14:51:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating riparian and agricultural evapotranspiration by reference crop evapotranspiration and MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index","docAbstract":"Dryland river basins frequently support both irrigated agriculture and riparian vegetation and remote sensing methods are needed to monitor water use by both crops and natural vegetation in irrigation districts. We developed an algorithm for estimating actual evapotranspiration (ETa) based on the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) sensor on the EOS-1 Terra satellite and locally-derived measurements of reference crop ET (ETo). The algorithm was calibrated with five years of ETa data from three eddy covariance flux towers set in riparian plant associations on the upper San Pedro River, Arizona, supplemented with ETa data for alfalfa and cotton from the literature. The algorithm was based on an equation of the form ETa = ETo [a(1 − e−bEVI) − c], where the term (1 − e−bEVI) is derived from the Beer-Lambert Law to express light absorption by a canopy, with EVI replacing leaf area index as an estimate of the density of light-absorbing units. The resulting algorithm capably predicted ETa across riparian plants and crops (r2 = 0.73). It was then tested against water balance data for five irrigation districts and flux tower data for two riparian zones for which season-long or multi-year ETa data were available. Predictions were within 10% of measured results in each case, with a non-significant (P = 0.89) difference between mean measured and modeled ETa of 5.4% over all validation sites. Validation and calibration data sets were combined to present a final predictive equation for application across crops and riparian plant associations for monitoring individual irrigation districts or for conducting global water use assessments of mixed agricultural and riparian biomes.","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs5083849","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P.L., Glenn, E.P., Nguyen, U., Scott, R., and Doody, T., 2013, Estimating riparian and agricultural evapotranspiration by reference crop evapotranspiration and MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index: Remote Sensing, v. 5, no. 8, p. 3849-3871, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5083849.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"3849","endPage":"3871","ipdsId":"IP-045908","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5083849","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278313,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679064e4b0c24c90856d7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nguyen, Uyen","contributorId":71863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nguyen","given":"Uyen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":485032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, Russell","contributorId":11931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Russell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doody, Tania","contributorId":23836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doody","given":"Tania","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70048550,"text":"70048550 - 2013 - InSAR Evidence for an active shallow thrust fault beneath the city of Spokane Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T10:48:26","indexId":"70048550","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T14:40:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"InSAR Evidence for an active shallow thrust fault beneath the city of Spokane Washington, USA","docAbstract":"In 2001, a nearly five month long sequence of shallow, mostly small magnitude earthquakes occurred beneath the city of Spokane, a city with a population of about 200,000, in the state of Washington. During most of the sequence, the earthquakes were not well located because seismic instrumentation was sparse. Despite poor-quality locations, the earthquake hypocenters were likely very shallow, because residents near the city center both heard and felt many of the earthquakes. The combination of poor earthquake locations and a lack of known surface faults with recent movement make assessing the seismic hazards related to the earthquake swarm difficult. However, the potential for destruction from a shallow moderate-sized earthquake is high, for example Christchurch New Zealand in 2011, so assessing the hazard potential of a seismic structure involved in the Spokane earthquake sequence is important. Using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from the European Space Agency ERS2 and ENVISAT satellites and the Canadian Space Agency RADARSAT-1, satellite we are able to show that slip on a shallow previously unknown thrust fault, which we name the Spokane Fault, is the source of the earthquake sequence. The part of the Spokane Fault that slipped during the 2001 earthquake sequence underlies the north part of the city, and slip on the fault was concentrated between ~0.3 and 2 km depth. Projecting the buried fault plane to the surface gives a possible surface trace for the Spokane Fault that strikes northeast from the city center into north Spokane.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jgrb.50118","usgsCitation":"Wicks, C., Weaver, C.S., Bodin, P., and Sherrod, B.L., 2013, InSAR Evidence for an active shallow thrust fault beneath the city of Spokane Washington, USA: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 118, no. 3, p. 1268-1276, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50118.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1268","endPage":"1276","ipdsId":"IP-038809","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278307,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50118"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Spokane","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.584713,47.49886 ], [ -117.584713,47.81886 ], [ -117.264713,47.81886 ], [ -117.264713,47.49886 ], [ -117.584713,47.49886 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"118","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679066e4b0c24c90856d84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wicks, Charles W. Jr. cwicks@usgs.gov","contributorId":3476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cwicks@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, Craig S. craig@usgs.gov","contributorId":2690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"Craig","email":"craig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodin, Paul","contributorId":104142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sherrod, Brian L. 0000-0002-4492-8631 bsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4492-8631","contributorId":2834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"Brian","email":"bsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048547,"text":"70048547 - 2013 - Foreshocks during the nucleation of stick-slip instability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T10:49:21","indexId":"70048547","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T14:19:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foreshocks during the nucleation of stick-slip instability","docAbstract":"We report on laboratory experiments which investigate interactions between aseismic slip, stress changes, and seismicity on a critically stressed fault during the nucleation of stick-slip instability. We monitor quasi-static and dynamic changes in local shear stress and fault slip with arrays of gages deployed along a simulated strike-slip fault (2 m long and 0.4 m deep) in a saw cut sample of Sierra White granite. With 14 piezoelectric sensors, we simultaneously monitor seismic signals produced during the nucleation phase and subsequent dynamic rupture. We observe localized aseismic fault slip in an approximately meter-sized zone in the center of the fault, while the ends of the fault remain locked. Clusters of high-frequency foreshocks (Mw ~ −6.5 to −5.0) can occur in this slowly slipping zone 5–50 ms prior to the initiation of dynamic rupture; their occurrence appears to be dependent on the rate at which local shear stress is applied to the fault. The meter-sized nucleation zone is generally consistent with theoretical estimates, but source radii of the foreshocks (2 to 70 mm) are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the theoretical minimum length scale over which earthquake nucleation can occur. We propose that frictional stability and the transition between seismic and aseismic slip are modulated by local stressing rate and that fault sections, which would typically slip aseismically, may radiate seismic waves if they are rapidly stressed. Fault behavior of this type may provide physical insight into the mechanics of foreshocks, tremor, repeating earthquake sequences, and a minimum earthquake source dimension.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jgrb.50232","usgsCitation":"McLaskey, G.C., and Kilgore, B.D., 2013, Foreshocks during the nucleation of stick-slip instability: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 118, no. 6, p. 2982-2997, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50232.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2982","endPage":"2997","ipdsId":"IP-043425","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50232","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278329,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278328,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50232"}],"volume":"118","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679066e4b0c24c90856d81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaskey, Gregory C. gmclaskey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaskey","given":"Gregory","email":"gmclaskey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kilgore, Brian D. 0000-0003-0530-7979 bkilgore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7979","contributorId":3887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilgore","given":"Brian","email":"bkilgore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}