No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Workshop in Earth Resources Survey Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Workshop in Earth Resources Survey Systems","conferenceDate":"May 3-7, 1971","conferenceLocation":"University of Michigan, Michigan, United States","language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Carter, W.D., 1972, Interpretation by interdisciplinary teams, in International Workshop in Earth Resources Survey Systems, v. 1, University of Michigan, Michigan, United States, May 3-7, 1971, p. 357-366.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"366","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":399903,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730007621"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Arizona Regional Ecological Test Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.8515625,\n 34.288991865037524\n ],\n [\n -112.818603515625,\n 31.85889704445453\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 31.306715155075167\n ],\n [\n -109.017333984375,\n 31.306715155075167\n ],\n [\n -109.039306640625,\n 34.27083595165\n ],\n [\n -112.8515625,\n 34.288991865037524\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, William Douglas","contributorId":93892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70121224,"text":"70121224 - 1972 - Acoustic-reflection profiles, Transatlantic crossing-west: Leg 6, 1971 cruise, UNITEDGEO I","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-20T10:12:12","indexId":"70121224","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T10:06:50","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Acoustic-reflection profiles, Transatlantic crossing-west: Leg 6, 1971 cruise, UNITEDGEO I","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70121224","collaboration":"USGS-GD-72-007, PB-209-872","usgsCitation":"Kane, M.F., 1972, Acoustic-reflection profiles, Transatlantic crossing-west: Leg 6, 1971 cruise, UNITEDGEO I, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70121224.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b64ae4b09d12e0e8e645","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Martin Francis","contributorId":87923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"Francis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70121223,"text":"70121223 - 1972 - Acoustic-reflection profiles, Bay of Campeche: International Decade of Ocean Exploration, U.S. Geological Survey, Leg 1, 1971 cruise, UNITEDGEO I","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-21T10:12:44","indexId":"70121223","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T09:57:26","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Acoustic-reflection profiles, Bay of Campeche: International Decade of Ocean Exploration, U.S. Geological Survey, Leg 1, 1971 cruise, UNITEDGEO I","docAbstract":"As part of a cooperative marine research program designated the International Decade of Ocean Exploration (IDOE), the United States Geological Survey is participating in an investigation of the geologic framework and resource potential of continental margins and small ocean basins in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and west African continental shelf areas. These studies are funded through the National Science Foundation. Acoustic-reflection profiles of Leg 1, described in this report concern mainly a 200 X 250 kilometer project area in the Bay of Campeche in the southwestern part of the Gulf of Mexico. The cruise leg began at Corpus Christi, Texas, and ended at Veracruz, Mexico. Other geophysical records collected during the cruise include magnetometry, gravimetry, and bathymetry.
Visiting scientists from the Institute of Geophysics of the National University of Mexico, the Oceanographic Commission of the Mexican Navy, and the Mexican Institute of Petroleum joined the research vessel UNITEDGEO I throughout the cruise in the Bay of Campeche. The cruise offered an excellent opportunity for scientific interchange between investigators from Mexico and the United States and permitted collaboration in the instrumentation, operational techniques, and interpretation of acoustic-reflection records aboard the research vessel.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70121223","collaboration":"USGS-GD-72-002, PB-207-594","usgsCitation":"Moore, G.W., 1972, Acoustic-reflection profiles, Bay of Campeche: International Decade of Ocean Exploration, U.S. Geological Survey, Leg 1, 1971 cruise, UNITEDGEO I, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70121223.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":355149,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/89955/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Unnumbered Report 89955"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Bay Of Campeche;Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.049,18.6523 ], [ -96.049,21.3363 ], [ -91.951,21.3363 ], [ -91.951,18.6523 ], [ -96.049,18.6523 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543
This brief report summarizes three sets of measurement data on certain processes.
The first concerns the rate of movement of soil on hillslopes, especially by mass movement or slow gravitational creep. The results are abstracted from an unpublished manuscript by the junior author who reports on the measurements which Leopold began 10 or more years ago and to which in more recent years Emmett has added new sites and has carried on the annual remeasurement. The results are those from \"mass-movement lines\", which consist of a series of pins or iron rods, 10 inches (25 cm) long driven vertically into the ground along a straight line-of-sight, secured at each end with stiff iron posts. The Survey consists of setting a theodolite over one of the end bench marks and orienting on the other. The distance of each individual pin from the line of sight is recorded. Resurveys are usually made annually.
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., and Emmett, W.W., 1972, Some rates of geomorphological processes: Geographia Polonica, v. 23, p. 27-36.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338513,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geographiapolonica.pl/article/item/8673.html"}],"volume":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc823e4b02ff32c685766","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emmett, William W.","contributorId":68715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010140,"text":"70010140 - 1972 - Imogolite and allophane formed in saprolite of basalt on Maui, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-25T14:40:56","indexId":"70010140","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imogolite and allophane formed in saprolite of basalt on Maui, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Inorganic gel and allophane collected from basaltic saprolite on Maul, Hawaii, and studied by Patterson in I964 were reexamined. The main constituent of the gel is imogolite, and gibbsite and allophane are the minor constituents. Electron and X-ray diffraction patterns, DTA curve, and an infrared spectrum of the gel are characteristic of imogolite. The allophane is virtually noncrystalline to X-rays but contains a small amount of imogolite in relatively short threads. High-resolution electron micrographs indicate differences in structural organization between allophane and imogolite and suggest crystallization of imogolite from allophane.
The occurrence of imogolite as a weathering product has been reported in many localities from pyroclastic materials but not from massive rocks. Probably the exceptionally high rainfall, excellent subsurface permeability of the weathered material, and the low pH and high organic content of the leaching solution provide favorable conditions for formation of imogolite from basalt on Maul.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1972.0200605","usgsCitation":"Wada, K., Henmi, T., Yoshinaga, N., and Patterson, S.H., 1972, Imogolite and allophane formed in saprolite of basalt on Maui, Hawaii: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 20, no. 6, p. 375-380, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1972.0200605.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"380","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Maui","volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38a9e4b0c8380cd61648","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wada, K.","contributorId":73332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wada","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henmi, T.","contributorId":66409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henmi","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yoshinaga, N.","contributorId":68454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshinaga","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patterson, S. H.","contributorId":85232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1001307,"text":"1001307 - 1972 - A recent record of the meadow jumping mouse, Zapus hudsonius, in subarctic Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-16T16:43:12.227203","indexId":"1001307","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A recent record of the meadow jumping mouse, Zapus hudsonius, in subarctic Canada","docAbstract":"The occurrence of Zapus hudsonius is confirmed for the area lying N of the Mackenzie River and Great Slave Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.2307/2424376","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G., and Traugher, D.L., 1972, A recent record of the meadow jumping mouse, Zapus hudsonius, in subarctic Canada: American Midland Naturalist, v. 88, no. 2, p. 467-467, https://doi.org/10.2307/2424376.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"467","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Northwest Territories","otherGeospatial":"Mackenzie district","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.26409763086892,\n 66.77107817702284\n ],\n [\n -120.26409763086892,\n 60.64076391260875\n ],\n [\n -111.34901142380068,\n 60.64076391260875\n ],\n [\n -111.34901142380068,\n 66.77107817702284\n ],\n [\n -120.26409763086892,\n 66.77107817702284\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8762","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary 0000-0001-8482-6130 gkrapu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-6130","contributorId":168791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary","email":"gkrapu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Traugher, David L.","contributorId":302493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Traugher","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":310860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1381,"text":"wsp1999G - 1972 - Ground-water outflow from Chino Basin, Upper Santa Ana Valley, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T19:16:07.213168","indexId":"wsp1999G","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999","chapter":"G","title":"Ground-water outflow from Chino Basin, Upper Santa Ana Valley, southern California","docAbstract":"Ground-water outflow from Chino basin was calculated ,by a direct method using the equation Q = PIA, in which Q is the quantity of ground-water outflow, P is the average coefficient of permeability of the sediments through which the flow occurs, I is the average hydraulic gradient, and A is the cross-sectional area of the sediments through which the flow occurs. The period selected for the calculation was 1930-66. \r\n\r\nPermeability of the water-bearing sediments was calculated from aquifer test data and from computations involving specific-capacity data from 200 wells in the outflow area. Permeability ranged from less than 100 to more than 5,000 gallons per day per square foot. \r\n\r\nThe annual hydraulic gradient was derived from contour maps of average water levels in wells for each water year for the period 1930-66. \r\n\r\nThe cross-sectional area used to calculate ground-water outflow from Chino basin extends southwestward from Pedley Hills to Puente Hills. The area of the outflow section is the saturated thickness of permeable materials measured along the line of section. Part of the lower boundary is the interface between the alluvium and the underlying basement complex, and part is a change in permeability within sedimentary rocks. Geological methods were combined with geophysical methods to determine the cross-sectional area of the water-bearing sediments. Gravity and seismic traverses, drill-hole logs, and data from a more than 600 drill holes, including eight test holes drilled as a part of this investigation, were used to delineate the size and the shape of the outflow area. For the period of calculation, 1930-66, the total area of the outflow section varied from about 16 to 22 million square feet. The fluctuation in total area is caused by changes in the altitude of the water table. \r\n\r\nAnnual ground-water outflow from Chino basin calculated by the direct method for the period 1930-66 ranged from 38,000 acre-feet in the 1941 water year to 9,400 acre-feet in the 1966 water year.\r\n\r\nTwo indirect methods of calculating ground-water outflow were studied as a part of this project: the chemical method and the water-budget method. The chemical method was found to be unsatisfactory. Although the ground-water discharge into the Santa Ana River from Chino basin is quite different in chemical composition from the discharge from Temescal basin, there is no known way to quantitatively separate the total discharge with respect to source. In the water-budget method direct runoff and evapotranspiration were reevaluated, and the ground-water outflow from Temescal basin was calculated by the same direct method employed for Chino basin. Annual ground-water outflow from Temescal basin calculated by the direct method for the period 1930-66 ranged from 11,000 acre-feet in the 1940 and 1945 water years to 3,000 acre-feet in the 1965 water year. Annual ground-water outflow from Chino basin computed by the water-budget method for the period 1933-63 ranged from 45,000 acre-feet in the 1941 water year to 10,000 acre-feet in the 1963 water year.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1999G","usgsCitation":"French, J.J., 1972, Ground-water outflow from Chino Basin, Upper Santa Ana Valley, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1999, Report: iv, 28 p.; 1 Plate: 37.00 x 20.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1999G.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 28 p.; 1 Plate: 37.00 x 20.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414721,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25354.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":26484,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26483,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999g/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137352,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999g/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Chino basin, Upper Santa Ana Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.75,\n 34.033\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 33.816\n ],\n [\n -117.417,\n 33.816\n ],\n [\n -117.417,\n 34.033\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 34.033\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5455d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"French, James J.","contributorId":103651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000385,"text":"1000385 - 1972 - Factors of ecologic succession in oligotrophic fish communities of the Laurentian Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-14T13:12:54","indexId":"1000385","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors of ecologic succession in oligotrophic fish communities of the Laurentian Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Oligotrophic fish communities of the Great Lakes have undergone successive disruptions since the mid-1800s. Major contributing factors have been intensive selective fisheries, extreme modification of the drainage, invasion of marine species, and progressive physical–chemical changes of the lake environments. Lake Ontario was the first to be affected as its basin was settled and industrialized earliest, and it was the first to be connected by canals to the mid-Atlantic where the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) which ultimately became established in the Great Lakes were abundant. Oligotrophic fish communities were successively disrupted in Lakes Erie, Huron, Michigan, and Superior as the affects of population growth, industrialization, and marine invaders spread upward in the Laurentian drainage.The degree and sequence of response of families offish and species within families differed for each factor, but the sequence of change among families and species has been the same in response to each factor as it affected various lakes at different times. The ultimate result of the disruption of fish communities has been a reduction of productivity of oligotrophic species that ranges from extreme in Lake Ontario to moderate in Lake Superior, and which has reached a state of instability and rapid change in the upper three Great Lakes by the rnid-1900s similar to the situation in Lake Ontario in the mid-1800s. Since oligotrophic species (primarily salmonines, coregonines, and deepwater cottids) are the only kinds of fish that fully occupied the entire volume of the deepwater Great Lakes (Ontario, Huron, Michigan, and Superior), the fish biomass of these lakes has been reduced as various species declined or disappeared. In Lake Erie, which is shallow, and in the shallow bays of the deep lakes, oligotrophic species were replaced by mesotrophic species, primarily percids, which have successively increased and declined. All oligotrophic species are greatly reduced or extinct in lakes Ontario and Erie, and are in various stages of decline in lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior, from greatest to least, respectively. The percids appear to be near the end of their sequence of succession in lakes Erie, Ontario, and Huron (primarily Saginaw Bay) where only the yellow perch (Perca flavescens) remains abundant. The yellow perch appears to be on the brink of decline in Lake Erie, which has been more severely influenced by water quality change than the other lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f72-117","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.H., 1972, Factors of ecologic succession in oligotrophic fish communities of the Laurentian Great Lakes: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 29, no. 6, p. 717-730, https://doi.org/10.1139/f72-117.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"717","endPage":"730","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7a50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Stanford H.","contributorId":86711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Stanford","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000088,"text":"1000088 - 1972 - Population biology of alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus, in Lake Michigan, 1949-70","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-04T16:47:20.799619","indexId":"1000088","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population biology of alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus, in Lake Michigan, 1949-70","docAbstract":"Alewives were unknown in Lake Michigan before 1949, but became extremely abundant in the 1960s and soon exceeded the carrying capacity of the lake. In 1967 they were decimated by a lakewide mass mortality, and have since been less abundant as \"adults\" (≥120 mm long), although numerous young were produced in 1967–70 and the adult population appeared to be gradually increasing. Alewives were studied intensively during 1962–70 on the basis of collections made primarily with bottom trawls. Principal considerations in the population study include effects of seasonal changes in distribution on length composition of young and adults, sex and maturity in relation to size and age at recruitment into adult stocks, and changes in age, growth, condition, and population structure that accompanied the drastic changes in abundance.A substantial increase in the age of adults in the bottom stocks and on the spawning grounds was among the important population changes after the 1967 die-off. Growth of older adults also increased appreciably immediately after the die-off, and a sharp increase in average weight (16–26%) over a standard range of lengths was maintained in 1968–70. Selective depletion of zooplankton by alewives was evidence that overabundance decreased the food supply, depressed growth, and caused the poor condition that made alewives vulnerable to excessive mortality in 1967. Although poor condition in fall undoubtedly increased winter and spring mortality in the mid-1960s, alewives apparently were stressed by below-average temperature in the winter of 1969–70, and experienced a light die-off through May 1970 despite their good condition and relatively low population density the preceding fall.The population upsurge that preceded the 1967 die-off was reflected by a fivefold increase of adults in the fall index catch (in trawls) from 1962 to 1965 and 1966. The index catch then dropped 70% in fall 1967. Mortality among the 1960–64 year-classes, as represented by annual losses from age III to age IV in the index catch during 1964–68, ranged from 40% in 1965 to 89% in 1967, and averaged 68%. Assessment of mortality from the index catches was difficult because the age of alewives at full recruitment into bottom stocks increased from III in the mid-1960s to IV or older in 1968–70, when alewives remained longer at midlevels, possibly because of a delay in sexual maturity. Annual mortality after the fifth year of life, on the basis of average percentage age composition of the trawl catches in 1964–70, was tentatively estimated as 79–80%. The number of alewives recruited to the adult population from the 1962–67 year-classes over several ages in the fall index catch was inversely related to the abundance of their parents in the fall immediately preceding the year in which each year-class was spawned. Annual commercial production in the 1960s (peak in 1967, 42 million lb) may not have exceeded 7.7–18.6% of the bottom stocks, on the basis of the estimated weights of alewives available to trawls in the spring of 1964 and 1969. Yield per recruitment to the commercial fishery was low because of slow growth and high natural mortality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/f72-084","usgsCitation":"Brown, E.H., 1972, Population biology of alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus, in Lake Michigan, 1949-70: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 29, no. 5, p. 477-500, https://doi.org/10.1139/f72-084.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"477","endPage":"500","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132921,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684178","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Edward H. Jr.","contributorId":33251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Edward","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000320,"text":"1000320 - 1972 - Accumulation of dieldrin in an alga (Scenedesmus obliquus), Daphnia magna, and the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-29T10:52:45","indexId":"1000320","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accumulation of dieldrin in an alga (Scenedesmus obliquus), Daphnia magna, and the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)","docAbstract":"Scenedesmus obliquus, Daphnia magna, and Poecilia reticulata accumulated dieldrin directly from water; average concentration factors (concentration in organism, dry weight, divided by concentration in water) were 1282 for the alga, 13,954 for D. magna, and 49,307 (estimated) for the guppy. The amount accumulated by each species at equilibrium (after about 1.5, 3-4, and 18 days, respectively) was directly proportional to the concentration of dieldrin in the water. Daphnia magna and guppies accumulated more dieldrin from water than from food that had been exposed to similar concentrations in water. When guppies were fed equal daily rations of D. magna containing different concentrations of insecticide, the amounts of dieldrin accumulated by the fish were directly proportional to the concentration in D. magna; when two lots of guppies were fed different quantities of D. magna (10 and 20 organisms per day) containing identical concentrations of dieldrin, however, the amounts accumulated did not differ substantially.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/f72-219","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Reinert, R.E., 1972, Accumulation of dieldrin in an alga (Scenedesmus obliquus), Daphnia magna, and the guppy (Poecilia reticulata): Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 29, no. 10, p. 1413-1418, https://doi.org/10.1139/f72-219.","productDescription":"p. 1413-1418","startPage":"1413","endPage":"1418","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266679,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f72-219"},{"id":132890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a35d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reinert, Robert E.","contributorId":101214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinert","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000156,"text":"1000156 - 1972 - Limnology and fish ecology of sockeye salmon nursery lakes of the world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-14T13:04:43","indexId":"1000156","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limnology and fish ecology of sockeye salmon nursery lakes of the world","docAbstract":"Many important, recently glaciated oligotrophic lakes that lie in coastal regions around the northern rim of the Pacific Ocean produce anadromous populations of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. This paper describes the limnology and fish ecology of two such lakes in British Columbia, five in Alaska, and one in Kamchatka. Then we discuss the following general topics: the biogenic eutrophication of nursery lakes from the nutrients released from salmon carcasses wherein during years of highest numbers of spawners, lake phosphate balances in Lakes Babine, Iliamna, and Dalnee are significantly affected; the use of nursery lakes by young sockeye that reveals five patterns related to size and configuration of lake basins and the distribution of spawning areas; the interactions between various life history stages of sockeye salmon and such resident predators, competitors, and prey as Arctic char, lake trout, Dolly Varden, cutthroat trout, lake whitefish, pygmy whitefish, pond smelt, sticklebacks, and sculpins; the self-regulation of sockeye salmon abundance in these nursery lakes as controlled by density-dependent processes; the interrelations between young sockeye salmon biomass and growth rates, and zooplankton abundance in Babine Lake; and finally, the diel, vertical, pelagial migratory behavior of young sockeye in Babine Lake and the new hypothesis dealing with bioenergetic conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f72-116","usgsCitation":"Hartman, W.L., and Burgner, R., 1972, Limnology and fish ecology of sockeye salmon nursery lakes of the world: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 29, no. 6, p. 699-715, https://doi.org/10.1139/f72-116.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"715","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartman, Wilbur L.","contributorId":14763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"Wilbur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgner, R.L.","contributorId":107661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgner","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176063,"text":"70176063 - 1972 - Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin, Texas, metropolitan area, 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T12:57:10","indexId":"70176063","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin, Texas, metropolitan area, 1970","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70176063","usgsCitation":"VanZandt, J.K., 1972, Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin, Texas, metropolitan area, 1970: Open-File Report, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70176063.","productDescription":"70 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6ae8ae4b0f2f0cebe3fa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanZandt, J. K.","contributorId":173701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanZandt","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010129,"text":"70010129 - 1972 - Mariner 9 television observations of Phobos and Deimos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T01:21:14.190081","indexId":"70010129","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mariner 9 television observations of Phobos and Deimos","docAbstract":"Mariner 9 photographs of Phobos and Deimos have yielded new information about the orbits, rotation periods, sizes, shapes, and surface characteristics of the satellites. Both satellites appear to be in synchronous rotation. They are irregular, heavily cratered bodies whose shapes appear to have been determined largely by impact fragmentation and spalling. The surfaces of both satellites have crater densities close to saturation and nearly identical, very low albedos. Lower limits on the tensile and yield strengths are estimated, and it is concluded that both satellites may consist of well-consolidated, though possibly highly fractured material.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(72)90007-3","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Pollack, J.B., Veverka, J., Noland, M., Sagan, C., Hartmann, W., Duxbury, T.C., Born, G., Milton, D., and Smith, B., 1972, Mariner 9 television observations of Phobos and Deimos: Icarus, v. 17, no. 2, p. 394-407, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(72)90007-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"394","endPage":"407","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a51f6e4b0c8380cd6c071","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollack, James B.","contributorId":12616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollack","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veverka, J.","contributorId":71689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veverka","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noland, M.","contributorId":31521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noland","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sagan, C.","contributorId":42336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sagan","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hartmann, W.K.","contributorId":96002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartmann","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duxbury, T. C.","contributorId":91983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duxbury","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":358050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Born, G.H.","contributorId":22487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Born","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Milton, D.J.","contributorId":44121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, B.A.","contributorId":17616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70010130,"text":"70010130 - 1972 - The martian atmosphere: Mariner 9 television experiment progress report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T01:19:15.028627","indexId":"70010130","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The martian atmosphere: Mariner 9 television experiment progress report","docAbstract":"Atmospheric phenomena appearing in the Mariner 9 television pictures are discussed in detail. The surface of the planet was heavily obscured by a global dust storm during the first month in orbit. Brightness data during this period can be fitted by a semi-infinite scattering and absorbing atmosphere model with a single-scattering albedo in the range 0.70–0.85. This low value suggests that the mean radius of the particles responsible for the obscuration was at least 10 μm. By the end of the second month, this dust storm had largely dissipated, leaving a residual optical depth ∼0.1. Much of the region north of 45°N was covered by variable clouds comprising the north polar hood. The cloud structures revealed extensive systems of lee waves generated by west-to-east flow over irregular terrain. Extensive cloud systems in this region resembled baroclinic wave cyclones. Clouds were also observed over several of the large calderas; these clouds are believed to contain water ice. Several localized dust storms were seen after the global dust storm cleared. These dust clouds appeared to be intensely convective. The convective nature of these storms and the stirring of large dust particles to great heights can be explained by vertical velocities generated by the absorption of solar radiation by the dusty atmosphere.
Three trifluorobenzenes were prepared by reaction of the corresponding trichlorobenzenes with potassium fluoride or pottassium fluoride-cesium fluoride mixtures in dimethyl sulfone. Molar yields were 12.8% for 1,2,3-, 8.3% for 1,2,4-, and 56.2% for 1,3,5-. Improved yields of the 1,2,3- (23.9%) and the 1,2,4- (34.0%) trifluorobenzenes were obtained from certain partially fluorinated intermediates. Several chlorofluorobenzene intermediates were obtained in goods yields by careful control of the reaction variables. The instability of the polyfluorobenzenes in the halogen-exchange reaction medium explains, in part, why only limited yields of the polyfluorobenzenes are obtained by using this method.
The persistent near-orthogonal pattern formed by oceanic ridges and transform faults defies explanation in terms of rigid plates because it probably depends on the energy associated with deformation. For passive spreading, it is likely that the ridges and transforms adjust to a configuration offering minimum resistance to plate separation. This leads to a simple geometric model which yields conditions for the occurrence of transform faults and an aid to interpretation of structural patterns in the sea floor. Under reasonable assumptions, it is much more difficult for diverging plates to spread a kilometer of ridge than to slip a kilometer of transform fault, and the patterns observed at spreading centers might extend to lithospheric depths. Under these conditions, the resisting force at spreading centers could play a significant role in the dynamics of plate-tectonic systems.
The equilibrium distributions of solute species of aluminum at 25°C and one atmosphere pressure are shown graphically in systems containing fluoride, as functions of the total dissolved aluminum and fluoride. The predominant form of complex and degree of complexing are also shown graphically as functions of pH and fluoride activity. The graphs are based on the simultaneous solution of the equations representing nine complexing equilibria and three stoichiometric summarizations, using a fixed value of ionic strength equal to 0.1. Solubility relationships for aluminum hydroxide and cryolite also are shown graphically, using the same coordinates and additional equilibria. By overlaying an appropriate species distribution graph with a solubility graph a relatively complete summary of chemical relationships in an aqueous aluminum system can be obtained. Although this type of model has important limitations, it can accommodate enough variables simultaneously to have practical value and similar procedures could be used for other elements and systems of interest in low-temperature aqueous geochemistry.
The first 4 months of Mariner 9 photography of the south polar region are discussed. Three major geological units have been recognized, separated by erosional unconformities. From oldest to youngest they are: cratered terrain, pitted plains, and laminated terrain. The latter unit is unique in occurrence to the polar region, volatiles are probably involved in its origin, and may still be present within the laminated terrain as layered ice.
The residual south polar cap has been observed to survive the disappearance of the thin annual CO2 frost deposit and to last virtually unchanged in outline through the southern summer. That exposed deposit is inferred to be composed of water-ice. The residual cap appears to lie at the apex of an unusual quasi-circular structure composed of laminated terrain; a similar structure also appears to exist near the north pole.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(72)90004-8","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Murray, B.C., Soderblom, L., Cutts, J., Sharp, R., Milton, D., and Leighton, R., 1972, Geological framework of the south polar region of Mars: Icarus, v. 17, no. 2, p. 328-345, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(72)90004-8.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"328","endPage":"345","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2264e4b0c8380cd56fdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, B. C.","contributorId":49870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cutts, J.A.","contributorId":56790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutts","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sharp, R.P.","contributorId":6993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Milton, D.J.","contributorId":44121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leighton, R.B.","contributorId":73745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leighton","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70010211,"text":"70010211 - 1972 - Site distribution of iron in staurolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T00:45:42.632756","indexId":"70010211","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site distribution of iron in staurolite","docAbstract":"The Mössbauer spectrum of staurolite does not necessarily indicate that ferrous iron is distributed over both the tetrahedral Fe site and one or more of the octahedral sites, as previously thought. Two doublets are present in the spectrum, but their quadrupole spliting and isomer shift are more consistent with both being due to tetrahedrally coordinated ferrous iron. Smith's X-ray work has shown that cations in the Fe site actually assume several slightly different positions, and iron in each of these positions may give rise to a different Mössbauer doublet.