{"pageNumber":"634","pageRowStart":"15825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46677,"records":[{"id":70199539,"text":"70199539 - 2012 - VARBOOT: A spatial bootstrap program for semivariogram uncertainty assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T15:30:49","indexId":"70199539","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-01T15:30:37","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"VARBOOT: A spatial bootstrap program for semivariogram uncertainty assessment","docAbstract":"<p><span>In applied geostatistics, the semivariogram is commonly estimated from experimental data, producing an empirical semivariogram for a specified number of discrete lags. In a second stage, a model defined by a few parameters is fitted to the empirical semivariogram. As the experimental data are usually few and sparsely located, there is considerable uncertainty about the calculated semivariogram values (uncertainty of the empirical semivariogram) and about the parameters of any model fitted to them (uncertainty of the estimated model parameters). In this paper, the uncertainty in the modeling of the empirical semivariogram is numerically assessed by the generalized bootstrap, which is an extension of the classic bootstrap procedure modified for spatially correlated data. A computer program is described and provided for the assessment of those uncertainties. In particular, the program provides for the empirical semivariogram: the standard errors, the bootstrap percentile confidence intervals, the complete variance–covariance matrix, standard deviation correlation matrix. A public domain, natural dataset is used to illustrate the performance of the program. A promising result is that, for any distance, the median of the bootstrap distribution for the empirical semivariogram approximates more closely the underlying semivariogram than the estimate derived from the empirical sample.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2011.09.002","usgsCitation":"Pardo-Iguzquiza, E., and Olea, R., 2012, VARBOOT: A spatial bootstrap program for semivariogram uncertainty assessment: Computers & Geosciences, v. 41, p. 188-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2011.09.002.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"198","ipdsId":"IP-021577","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12468/527","text":"External Repository"},{"id":357566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10beb5e4b034bf6a7f08fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pardo-Iguzquiza, Eulogio","contributorId":208073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pardo-Iguzquiza","given":"Eulogio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40847,"text":"Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":745815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70136251,"text":"70136251 - 2012 - Estimating survival rates with time series of standing age‐structure data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T09:24:33","indexId":"70136251","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating survival rates with time series of standing age‐structure data","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content n/a main\"><p>It has long been recognized that age‐structure data contain useful information for assessing the status and dynamics of wildlife populations. For example, age‐specific survival rates can be estimated with just a single sample from the age distribution of a stable, stationary population. For a population that is not stable, age‐specific survival rates can be estimated using techniques such as inverse methods that combine time series of age‐structure data with other demographic data. However, estimation of survival rates using these methods typically requires numerical optimization, a relatively long time series of data, and smoothing or other constraints to provide useful estimates. We developed general models for possibly unstable populations that combine time series of age‐structure data with other demographic data to provide explicit maximum likelihood estimators of age‐specific survival rates with as few as two years of data. As an example, we applied these methods to estimate survival rates for female bison (<i>Bison bison</i>) in Yellowstone National Park, USA. This approach provides a simple tool for monitoring survival rates based on age‐structure data.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/11-1766.1","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., and Gogan, P.J., 2012, Estimating survival rates with time series of standing age‐structure data: Ecology, v. 93, no. 4, p. 726-732, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1766.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"726","endPage":"732","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031092","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474534,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1766.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296932,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b93e4b08de9379b3405","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gogan, Peter J. 0000-0002-7821-133X peter_gogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-133X","contributorId":1771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gogan","given":"Peter","email":"peter_gogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70135107,"text":"70135107 - 2012 - Identification of metapopulation dynamics among Northern Goshawks of the Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, and Coastal British Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:16:54","indexId":"70135107","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of metapopulation dynamics among Northern Goshawks of the Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, and Coastal British Columbia","docAbstract":"<p>Northern Goshawks occupying the Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, and coastal British Columbia nest primarily in old-growth and mature forest, which results in spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of individuals across the landscape. We used microsatellite and mitochondrial data to infer genetic structure, gene flow, and fluctuations in population demography through evolutionary time. Patterns in the genetic signatures were used to assess predictions associated with the three population models: panmixia, metapopulation, and isolated populations. Population genetic structure was observed along with asymmetry in gene flow estimates that changed directionality at different temporal scales, consistent with metapopulation model predictions. Therefore, Northern Goshawk assemblages located in the Alexander Archipelago and coastal British Columbia interact through a metapopulation framework, though they may not fit the classic model of a metapopulation. Long-term population sources (coastal mainland British Columbia) and sinks (Revillagigedo and Vancouver islands) were identified. However, there was no trend through evolutionary time in the directionality of dispersal among the remaining assemblages, suggestive of a rescue-effect dynamic. Admiralty, Douglas, and Chichagof island complex appears to be an evolutionarily recent source population in the Alexander Archipelago. In addition, Kupreanof island complex and Kispiox Forest District populations have high dispersal rates to populations in close geographic proximity and potentially serve as local source populations. Metapopulation dynamics occurring in the Alexander Archipelago and coastal British Columbia by Northern Goshawks highlight the importance of both occupied and unoccupied habitats to long-term population persistence of goshawks in this region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10592-012-0352-z","usgsCitation":"Sonsthagen, S.A., McClaren, E.L., Doyle, F.I., Titus, K., Sage, G.K., Wilson, R.E., Gust, J.R., and Talbot, S.L., 2012, Identification of metapopulation dynamics among Northern Goshawks of the Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, and Coastal British Columbia: Conservation Genetics, v. 13, no. 4, p. 1045-1057, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-012-0352-z.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1045","endPage":"1057","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023923","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296608,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Alexander Archipelago","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -140.9765625,\n              60.413852350464936\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.220703125,\n              60.108670463036\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.14648437499999,\n              49.210420445650286\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.35351562499999,\n              46.13417004624326\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.9765625,\n              60.413852350464936\n            ]\n        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Frank I.","contributorId":127826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doyle","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Titus, K.","contributorId":93865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sage, George K. 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":87833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"George","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, Robert E. 0000-0003-1800-0183 rewilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1800-0183","contributorId":5718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Robert","email":"rewilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gust, Judy R.","contributorId":62458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gust","given":"Judy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science 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,{"id":70148132,"text":"70148132 - 2012 - Demographic population model for American shad: will access to additional habitat upstream of dams increase population sizes?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T10:06:14","indexId":"70148132","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic population model for American shad: will access to additional habitat upstream of dams increase population sizes?","docAbstract":"<p><span>American shad&nbsp;</span><i>Alosa sapidissima</i><span>&nbsp;are in decline in their native range, and modeling possible management scenarios could help guide their restoration. We developed a density-dependent, deterministic, stage-based matrix model to predict the population-level results of transporting American shad to suitable spawning habitat upstream of dams on the Roanoke River, North Carolina and Virginia. We used data on sonic-tagged adult American shad and oxytetracycline-marked American shad fry both above and below dams on the Roanoke River with information from other systems to estimate a starting population size and vital rates. We modeled the adult female population over 30 years under plausible scenarios of adult transport, effective fecundity (egg production), and survival of adults (i.e., to return to spawn the next year) and juveniles (from spawned egg to age 1). We also evaluated the potential effects of increased survival for adults and juveniles. The adult female population size in the Roanoke River was estimated to be 5,224. With no transport, the model predicted a slow population increase over the next 30 years. Predicted population increases were highest when survival was improved during the first year of life. Transport was predicted to benefit the population only if high rates of effective fecundity and juvenile survival could be achieved. Currently, transported adults and young are less likely to successfully out-migrate than individuals below the dams, and the estimated adult population size is much smaller than either of two assumed values of carrying capacity for the lower river; therefore, transport is not predicted to help restore the stock under present conditions. Research on survival rates, density-dependent processes, and the impacts of structures to increase out-migration success would improve evaluation of the potential benefits of access to additional spawning habitat for American shad.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/19425120.2012.675969","usgsCitation":"Harris, J., and Hightower, J.E., 2012, Demographic population model for American shad: will access to additional habitat upstream of dams increase population sizes?: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 4, no. 1, p. 262-283, https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2012.675969.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"262","endPage":"283","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028285","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2012.675969","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301002,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Roanoke River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.18121337890625,\n              36.38149043210595\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.18121337890625,\n              37.084762325442966\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.57720947265624,\n              37.084762325442966\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.57720947265624,\n              36.38149043210595\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.18121337890625,\n              36.38149043210595\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55702532e4b0d9246a9fd18d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, Julianne E.","contributorId":57687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Julianne E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hightower, Joseph E. jhightower@usgs.gov","contributorId":835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"Joseph","email":"jhightower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70190680,"text":"70190680 - 2012 - Progressive failure of sheeted rock slopes: the 2009–2010 Rhombus Wall rock falls in Yosemite Valley, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-12T11:33:24","indexId":"70190680","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progressive failure of sheeted rock slopes: the 2009–2010 Rhombus Wall rock falls in Yosemite Valley, California, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Progressive rock-fall failures in natural rock slopes are common in many environments, but often elude detailed quantitative documentation and analysis. Here we present high-resolution photography, video, and laser scanning data that document spatial and temporal patterns of a 15-month-long sequence of at least 14 rock falls from the Rhombus Wall, a sheeted granitic cliff in Yosemite Valley, California. The rock-fall sequence began on 26 August 2009 with a small failure at the tip of an overhanging rock slab. Several hours later, a series of five rock falls totaling 736 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>progressed upward along a sheeting joint behind the overhanging slab. Over the next 3 weeks, audible cracking occurred on the Rhombus Wall, suggesting crack propagation, while visual monitoring revealed opening of a sheeting joint adjacent to the previous failure surface. On 14 September 2009 a 110 m</span><sup>3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>slab detached along this sheeting joint. Additional rock falls between 30 August and 20 November 2010, totaling 187 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>, radiated outward from the initial failure area along cliff (sub)parallel sheeting joints. We suggest that these progressive failures might have been related to stress redistributions accompanying propagation of sheeting joints behind the cliff face. Mechanical analyses indicate that tensile stresses should occur perpendicular to the cliff face and open sheeting joints, and that sheeting joints should propagate parallel to a cliff face from areas of stress concentrations. The analyses also account for how sheeting joints can propagate to lengths many times greater than their depths behind cliff faces. We posit that as a region of failure spreads across a cliff face, stress concentrations along its margin will spread with it, promoting further crack propagation and rock falls.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.3192","usgsCitation":"Stock, G.M., Martel, S.J., Collins, B.D., and Harp, E.L., 2012, Progressive failure of sheeted rock slopes: the 2009–2010 Rhombus Wall rock falls in Yosemite Valley, California, USA: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 37, no. 5, p. 546-561, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3192.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"546","endPage":"561","ipdsId":"IP-034187","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345644,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.62051391601564,\n              37.72863798965106\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.57056045532227,\n              37.72863798965106\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.57056045532227,\n              37.76135133865817\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.62051391601564,\n              37.76135133865817\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.62051391601564,\n              37.72863798965106\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b8f221e4b08b1644e0aefb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stock, Greg M.","contributorId":88593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martel, Stephen J.","contributorId":196359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martel","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, Brian D. bcollins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian","email":"bcollins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":710151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":710152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70191695,"text":"70191695 - 2012 - Using pad‐stripped acausally filtered strong‐motion data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-17T17:02:41","indexId":"70191695","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using pad‐stripped acausally filtered strong‐motion data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Most strong‐motion data processing involves acausal low‐cut filtering, which requires the addition of sometimes lengthy zero pads to the data. These padded sections are commonly removed by organizations supplying data, but this can lead to incompatibilities in measures of ground motion derived in the usual way from the padded and the pad‐stripped data. One way around this is to use the correct initial conditions in the pad‐stripped time series when computing displacements, velocities, and linear oscillator response. Another way of ensuring compatibility is to use postprocessing of the pad‐stripped acceleration time series. Using 4071 horizontal and vertical acceleration time series from the Turkish strong‐motion database, we show that the procedures used by two organizations—ITACA (ITalian ACcelerometric Archive) and PEER NGA (Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center–Next Generation Attenuation)—lead to little bias and distortion of derived seismic‐intensity measures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120110222","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., Sisi, A.A., and Akkar, S., 2012, Using pad‐stripped acausally filtered strong‐motion data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, no. 2, p. 751-760, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110222.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"751","endPage":"760","ipdsId":"IP-034111","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3440334","text":"External Repository"},{"id":346769,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e71695e4b05fe04cd331f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, David 0000-0002-8605-9673 boore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":140502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisi, Aida Azari","contributorId":197265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sisi","given":"Aida","email":"","middleInitial":"Azari","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Akkar, Sinan","contributorId":39175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akkar","given":"Sinan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70043296,"text":"70043296 - 2012 - Assessing the potential hydrological impact of the Gibe III Dam on Lake Turkana water level using multi-source satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:56:53","indexId":"70043296","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1929,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the potential hydrological impact of the Gibe III Dam on Lake Turkana water level using multi-source satellite data","docAbstract":"Lake Turkana, the largest desert lake in the world, is fed by ungauged or poorly gauged river systems. To meet the demand of electricity in the East African region, Ethiopia is currently building the Gibe III hydroelectric dam on the Omo River, which supplies more than 80% of the inflows to Lake Turkana. On completion, the Gibe III dam will be the tallest dam in Africa with a height of 241 m. However, the nature of interactions and potential impacts of regulated inflows to Lake Turkana are not well understood due to its remote location and unavailability of reliable in-situ datasets. In this study, we used 12 years (1998–2009) of existing multi-source satellite and model-assimilated global weather data. We use calibrated multi-source satellite data-driven water balance model for Lake Turkana that takes into account model routed runoff, lake/reservoir evapotranspiration, direct rain on lakes/reservoirs and releases from the dam to compute lake water levels. The model evaluates the impact of Gibe III dam using three different approaches such as (a historical approach, a knowledge-based approach, and a nonparametric bootstrap resampling approach) to generate rainfall-runoff scenarios. All the approaches provided comparable and consistent results. Model results indicated that the hydrological impact of the dam on Lake Turkana would vary with the magnitude and distribution of rainfall post-dam commencement. On average, the reservoir would take up to 8–10 months, after commencement, to reach a minimum operation level of 201 m depth of water. During the dam filling period, the lake level would drop up to 2 m (95% confidence) compared to the lake level modelled without the dam. The lake level variability caused by regulated inflows after the dam commissioning were found to be within the natural variability of the lake of 4.8 m. Moreover, modelling results indicated that the hydrological impact of the Gibe III dam would depend on the initial lake level at the time of dam commencement. Areas along the Lake Turkana shoreline that are vulnerable to fluctuations in lake levels were also identified. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using existing multi-source satellite data in a basic modeling framework to assess the potential hydrological impact of an upstream dam on a terminal downstream lake. The results obtained from this study could also be used to evaluate alternate dam-filling scenarios and assess the potential impact of the dam on Lake Turkana under different operational strategies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/hessd-9-2987-2012","usgsCitation":"Velpuri, N.M., and Senay, G.B., 2012, Assessing the potential hydrological impact of the Gibe III Dam on Lake Turkana water level using multi-source satellite data: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, v. 16, p. 3561-3578, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-2987-2012.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3561","endPage":"3578","ipdsId":"IP-038838","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-2987-2012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":267580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267579,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-2987-2012"}],"country":"United States","volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511f66f9e4b03b29402c5d79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Velpuri, Naga Manohar 0000-0002-6370-1926 nvelpuri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":4441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga","email":"nvelpuri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Manohar","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":535403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70007275,"text":"70007275 - 2012 - Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) space to ground mission data architecture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:34:26","indexId":"70007275","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) space to ground mission data architecture","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) is a scientific endeavor to extend the longest continuous multi-spectral imaging record of Earth's land surface. The observatory consists of a spacecraft bus integrated with two imaging instruments; the Operational Land Imager (OLI), built by Ball Aerospace &amp; Technologies Corporation in Boulder, Colorado, and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), an in-house instrument built at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Both instruments are integrated aboard a fine-pointing, fully redundant, spacecraft bus built by Orbital Sciences Corporation, Gilbert, Arizona. The mission is scheduled for launch in January 2013. This paper will describe the innovative end-to-end approach for efficiently managing high volumes of simultaneous realtime and playback of image and ancillary data from the instruments to the reception at the United States Geological Survey's (USGS) Landsat Ground Network (LGN) and International Cooperator (IC) ground stations. The core enabling capability lies within the spacecraft Command and Data Handling (C&amp;DH) system and Radio Frequency (RF) communications system implementation. Each of these systems uniquely contribute to the efficient processing of high speed image data (up to 265Mbps) from each instrument, and provide virtually error free data delivery to the ground. Onboard methods include a combination of lossless data compression, Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) data formatting, a file-based/managed Solid State Recorder (SSR), and Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) forward error correction. The 440 Mbps wideband X-Band downlink uses Class 1 CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP), and an earth coverage antenna to deliver an average of 400 scenes per day to a combination of LGN and IC ground stations. This paper will also describe the integrated capabilities and processes at the LGN ground stations for data reception using adaptive filtering, and the mission operations approach fro- the LDCM Mission Operations Center (MOC) to perform the CFDP accounting, file retransmissions, and management of the autonomous features of the SSR.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Aerospace Conference, 2012 IEEE","conferenceDate":"March 3-10, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Big Sky, MT","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2012.6187391","usgsCitation":"Nelson, J.L., Ames, J., Williams, J., Patschke, R., Mott, C., Joseph, J., Garon, H., and Mah, G., 2012, Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) space to ground mission data architecture, Aerospace Conference, 2012 IEEE, Big Sky, MT, March 3-10, 2012, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2012.6187391.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025263","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307741,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"UNITED STATES","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6c2e4b058f706e53d21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Jack L.","contributorId":41671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ames, J.A.","contributorId":15139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ames","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, J.","contributorId":76270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patschke, R.","contributorId":147220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patschke","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mott, C.","contributorId":147221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mott","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Joseph, J.","contributorId":14555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Garon, H.","contributorId":147222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garon","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mah, G.","contributorId":147223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mah","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70037888,"text":"sir20125051 - 2012 - Simulation of streamflow and the effects of brush management on water yields in the upper Guadalupe River watershed, south-central Texas, 1995-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T09:16:16","indexId":"sir20125051","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5051","title":"Simulation of streamflow and the effects of brush management on water yields in the upper Guadalupe River watershed, south-central Texas, 1995-2010","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board and the Upper Guadalupe River Authority, developed and calibrated a Soil and Water Assessment Tool watershed model of the upper Guadalupe River watershed in south-central Texas to simulate streamflow and the effects of brush management on water yields in the watershed and to Canyon Lake for 1995&ndash;2010. Model simulations were done to quantify the possible change in water yield of individual subbasins in the upper Guadalupe River watershed as a result of the replacement of ashe juniper (<i>Juniperus ashei</i>) with grasslands. The simulation results will serve as a tool for resource managers to guide their brush-management efforts.</p>\n<p>Model hydrology was calibrated with streamflow data collected at the U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station 08167500 Guadalupe River near Spring Branch, Tex., for 1995&ndash;2010. Simulated monthly streamflow showed very good agreement with measured monthly streamflow: a percent bias of -5, a coefficient of determination of 0.91, and a Nash&ndash;Sutcliffe coefficient of model efficiency of 0.85.</p>\n<p>Modified land-cover input datasets were generated for the model in order to simulate the replacement of ashe juniper with grasslands in 23 brush-management subbasins in the watershed. Each of the 23 simulations showed an increase in simulated water yields in the targeted subbasins and to Canyon Lake. The simulated increases in average annual water yields in the subbasins ranged from 6,370 to 119,000 gallons per acre of ashe juniper replaced with grasslands with an average of 38,900 gallons. The simulated increases in average annual water yields to Canyon Lake from upstream subbasins ranged from 6,640 to 72,700 gallons per acre of ashe juniper replaced with grasslands with an average of 34,700 gallons.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125051","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board and the Upper Guadalupe River Authority","usgsCitation":"Bumgarner, J.R., and Thompson, F.E., 2012, Simulation of streamflow and the effects of brush management on water yields in the upper Guadalupe River watershed, south-central Texas, 1995-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5051, v, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125051.","productDescription":"v, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5051.gif"},{"id":246882,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5051/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Texas Centric Mapping System?Albers Equal Equal Area Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bandera County, Blanco County, Comal County, Gillespie County, Kendall County, Kerr County, Real County","city":"Kerrville","otherGeospatial":"Guadalupe River, Canyon Dam, Canyon Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -10,28.5 ], [ -10,30.5 ], [ -97,30.5 ], [ -97,28.5 ], [ -10,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b908de4b08c986b319584","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bumgarner, Johnathan R. jbumgarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":5378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumgarner","given":"Johnathan","email":"jbumgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":462973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Florence E. fethomps@usgs.gov","contributorId":3612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Florence","email":"fethomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037928,"text":"sim3198 - 2012 - Methods for noninvasive bathymetric and velocity surveys for impoundment safety--A case study of Herrington Lake at Dix Dam near Burgin, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"sim3198","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3198","title":"Methods for noninvasive bathymetric and velocity surveys for impoundment safety--A case study of Herrington Lake at Dix Dam near Burgin, Kentucky","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) created bathymetric-contour and water-velocity vector maps for portions of Lake Herrington within 600 feet of the face of Dix Dam near Burgin, Kentucky. The mapping was in support of a study of noninvasive acoustic technology for assessing structural integrity of dams, both as a routine inspection tool or as an emergency tool during hydrologic events, such as high water or flooding. In April 2010, scientists from the USGS used a boat-mounted transducer and echo sounder to obtain bathymetric data to characterize lakebed relief and sediment distribution under a closed-intake condition. Also in April 2010, an acoustic Doppler current profiler was employed to measure water velocity and flow direction in the lake to locate velocities moving toward the dam face and, possibly, dam leakage. \r\nThe bathymetric survey showed the present condition of fill in the reservoir since the dam was completed, as well as provided an outline of the lake floor. The velocity survey indicated no discernible flow pattern or direction within the study area; only one transect had shown a difference from the others that was noticeable. The noninvasive acoustic bathymetric and velocity surveys used during the case study showed promise in locating potential dam or intake maintenance areas. Additional case studies throughout the Nation are needed to more clearly define whether the methods for noninvasive bathymetric and velocity surveys for dam safety will be successful in a variety of settings.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kentucky Utilities Company","usgsCitation":"Ruby, A.T., 2012, Methods for noninvasive bathymetric and velocity surveys for impoundment safety--A case study of Herrington Lake at Dix Dam near Burgin, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3198, 1 Sheet; Sheet 1: 32 inches x 26 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3198.","productDescription":"1 Sheet; Sheet 1: 32 inches x 26 inches","temporalStart":"2010-04-06","temporalEnd":"2010-04-08","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3198.gif"},{"id":246885,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3198/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic Projection NAD83","country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","city":"Burgin","otherGeospatial":"Herrington Lake;Dix Dam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.76666666666667,37.733333333333334 ], [ -84.76666666666667,37.833333333333336 ], [ -84.65,37.833333333333336 ], [ -84.65,37.733333333333334 ], [ -84.76666666666667,37.733333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55c5e4b0c8380cd6d29e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruby, A. Thomas III","contributorId":48270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruby","given":"A.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70037920,"text":"sir20115178 - 2012 - Physical habitat, water quality, and riverine biological assemblages of selected reaches of the Sheyenne River, North Dakota, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:30:41","indexId":"sir20115178","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5178","title":"Physical habitat, water quality, and riverine biological assemblages of selected reaches of the Sheyenne River, North Dakota, 2010","docAbstract":"In 2010, data on physical habitat, water quality, and riverine biological assemblages were collected at selected reaches in four locations (Kleven, Sheyenne, Cooperstown, and West Fargo) on the Sheyenne River in east-central North Dakota. Three of the locations (Kleven, Sheyenne, and Cooperstown) are above Baldhill Dam and one location (West Fargo) is below Baldhill Dam on the Sheyenne River. The 2010 data provide information to establish a better understanding of the water-quality and ecological conditions of the Sheyenne River. Concerns were raised about the water-quality and ecological conditions of the Sheyenne River because of the interbasin transfer of water from nearby Devils Lake. The transfer of water from Devils Lake to the Sheyenne River occurs through the Devils Lake State Outlet near Peterson Coulee or, if lake elevations exceed 1,459 feet above National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29), through a natural outlet, Tolna Coulee. The field measurements of water-quality characteristics and results of chemical analyses generally are comparable to summary statistics calculated for Sheyenne River for 1980 through 2006. Overall, water-quality results show differences between the Kleven, Sheyenne, Cooperstown, and West Fargo reaches. Sulfate concentrations were less than the State of North Dakota criterion of 750 milligrams per liter for the upper Sheyenne River above Baldhill Dam and less than the criterion of 450 milligrams per liter for the lower Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam. Arsenic concentrations at most reaches exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standard of 10 micrograms per liter. Nutrient concentrations (nitrogen, phosphorus) were higher in the upper Sheyenne River above Baldhill Dam than below Baldhill Dam where concentrations decreased by about half. In 2010, 35 families and 44 genera of benthic macroinvertebrates were collected and identified. On the basis of the index of biotic intergrity scores for benthic macroinvertebrate communities present in the Sheyenne River, all the reaches were determined to have condition classes of moderately disturbed to most disturbed. The benthic macroinvertebrate communities at the Cooperstown reaches were classed as moderately disturbed, whereas benthic macroinvertebrate communities at the Kleven, Sheyenne, West and Fargo reaches were most disturbed. During data collection, 37 genera and 165 species of periphyton (diatoms and soft-bodied algae) were collected and identified. In periphyton communities, similar taxa species were dominant in the Kleven, Sheyenne, and Cooperstown reaches, and different taxa species were dominant in the West Fargo reaches. For diatoms, the Kleven 3 reach had the lowest species richness value of 33.0, whereas the Cooperstown 8 reach had the highest species richness value of 57.0. For soft-bodied algae, the species richness values ranged from 8.0 at the Sheyenne 4 reach to 20.0 at the West Fargo 10 reach. During the fish collection, 32 species, representing 10 families, were collected in the Sheyenne River. All but two species are native to the Sheyenne River system. Common carp and white crappie are the two introduced species. Of the 32 species, 29 are tolerant to moderately tolerant to changes in water quality and habitat degradation, 16 species are tolerant to moderately tolerant to turbidity, and 16 species are tolerant to moderately tolerant to sensitivity to total dissolved solids, sulfate, and chloride. All fish species were categorized into four trophic groups. The largest group of 19 species was the insectivores (both benthic and general). The predator group consisted of seven species, and the omnivores consisted of six species. More fish were found in the lower Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam than in the upper Sheyenne River above Baldhill Dam.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115178","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with North Dakota State Water Commission","usgsCitation":"Lundgren, R.F., Rowland, K.M., and Lindsay, M.J., 2012, Physical habitat, water quality, and riverine biological assemblages of selected reaches of the Sheyenne River, North Dakota, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5178, v, 19 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115178.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5178.gif"},{"id":246886,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5178/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","city":"Flora;Bremen;Cooperstown;West Fargo","otherGeospatial":"Sheyenne River;Devils Lake;Kleven Reaches","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7aafe4b0c8380cd79037","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundgren, Robert F. 0000-0001-7669-0552 rflundgr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-0552","contributorId":1657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundgren","given":"Robert","email":"rflundgr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowland, Kathleen M. 0000-0003-2526-6860 krowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2526-6860","contributorId":1676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Kathleen","email":"krowland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindsay, Matthew J. mlindsay@usgs.gov","contributorId":4747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsay","given":"Matthew","email":"mlindsay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037908,"text":"ds682 - 2012 - Thermal profiles for selected river reaches of the Methow and Chewuch Rivers, Washington, August 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:34","indexId":"ds682","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-28T11:24:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"682","title":"Thermal profiles for selected river reaches of the Methow and Chewuch Rivers, Washington, August 2011","docAbstract":"Longitudinal profiles of near-streambed and near-surface temperatures were collected for selected reaches of the Methow and Chewuch Rivers, Washington, during August 2011 to facilitate development of a stream temperature model near the confluence of the Methow and Chewuch Rivers. Temperature was measured using a probe with an internal datalogger towed behind a watercraft moving downstream at ambient river velocity. For the Methow River, an additional temperature survey was completed using near-streambed and near-surface probes towed behind a second watercraft that traversed the channel to measure vertical and lateral temperature variability. All data were referenced to location that was concurrently measured with a Global Positioning System. Data are presented as Microsoft Excel&#174; files consisting of date and time, water temperature, and Washington State Plane North easting and northing.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds682","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Gendaszek, A.S., 2012, Thermal profiles for selected river reaches of the Methow and Chewuch Rivers, Washington, August 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 682, iv, 4 p.; Tables Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds682.","productDescription":"iv, 4 p.; Tables Download","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-08-01","temporalEnd":"2011-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_682.jpg"},{"id":246861,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/682/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Methow River;Chewuch River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.20027777777779,48.43416666666666 ], [ -120.20027777777779,48.483333333333334 ], [ -120.13444444444445,48.483333333333334 ], [ -120.13444444444445,48.43416666666666 ], [ -120.20027777777779,48.43416666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb250e4b08c986b325709","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gendaszek, Andrew S. 0000-0002-2373-8986 agendasz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-8986","contributorId":3509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gendaszek","given":"Andrew","email":"agendasz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70037907,"text":"ds671 - 2012 - Archive of side scan sonar and swath bathymetry data collected during USGS cruise 10CCT03 offshore of the Gulf Islands National Seashore, Mississippi, from East Ship Island, Mississippi, to Dauphin Island, Alabama, April 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"ds671","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-28T10:50:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"671","title":"Archive of side scan sonar and swath bathymetry data collected during USGS cruise 10CCT03 offshore of the Gulf Islands National Seashore, Mississippi, from East Ship Island, Mississippi, to Dauphin Island, Alabama, April 2010","docAbstract":"<p>In April of 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a geophysical survey from the east end of East Ship Island, Miss., extending to the middle of Dauphin Island, Ala. (fig. 1).  This survey had a dual purpose: (1) to interlink previously conducted nearshore geophysical surveys (shoreline to ~2 km) with those of offshore surveys (~2 to ~9 km) in the area, and (2) to extend the geophysical survey to include a portion of the Dauphin Island nearshore zone.  The efforts were part of the USGS Gulf of Mexico Science Coordination partnership with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to assist the Mississippi Coastal Improvements Program (MsCIP) and the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) Ecosystem Change and Hazards Susceptibility Project by mapping the shallow geological stratigraphic framework of the Mississippi Barrier Island Complex. These geophysical surveys will provide the data necessary for scientists to define, interpret, and provide baseline bathymetry and seafloor habitat for this area and to aid scientists in predicting future geomorpholocial changes of the islands with respect to climate change, storm impact, and sea-level rise. Furthermore, these data will provide information for barrier island restoration feasibility, particularly in Camille Cut, and efforts for the preservation of historical Fort Massachusetts. For more information refer to http://ngom.usgs.gov/gomsc/mscip/.</p>\n<p>This report serves as an archive of the processed multibeam bathymetry and side scan sonar (SSS) data. Data products herein include gridded and interpolated digital depth surfaces, seabed surface backscatter imagery, and x,y,z data products for both multibeam bathymetry and side scan sonar imagery. Additional files include trackline maps, navigation files, geograpahic information system (GIS) files, Field Activity Collection System (FACS) logs, and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata. Scanned images of the handwritten FACS logs and digital FACS logs are also provided as PDF files. Refer to the Acronyms page for description of acronyms and abbreviations used in this report or hold the cursor over an acronym for a pop-up explanation.</p>\n<p>The USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center assigns a unique identifier to each cruise or field activity. For example, 10CCT03 tells us the data were collected in 2010 for the Coastal Change and Transport (CCT) study and the data were collected during the third (03) field activity for that project in that calendar year. Refer to http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/programs/html/definition/activity.html for a detailed description of the method used to assign the field activity ID.</p>\n<p>Data were collected aboard the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) <i>SV Irvington</i>, a 56-foot (ft) Kvichak Marine Industries, Inc., catamaran (fig. 2). Side scan sonar and multibeam bathymetry data were collected simultaneously along the tracklines. The side scan sonar towfish was towed off the starboard side just slightly behind the vessel, close to the seafloor. The multibeam transducer was attached to a retractable strut-arm lowered between the catamaran hulls. Navigation was acquired with an Applanix POS MV and differentially corrected using the broadcast signal from a local National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) beacon.  See the digital FACS equipment log for details about the acquisition equipment used. Raw datasets were stored digitally and processed using HYPACK Inc., HYSWEEP software at the USACE Mobile, Ala., District office.  For more information on processing refer to the Equipment and Processing page.  Chirp seismic data were also collected during this survey and are archived separately.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds671","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Jacobs Technology, Inc. and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"DeWitt, N.T., Flocks, J.G., Pfeiffer, W.R., Gibson, J.N., and Wiese, D.S., 2012, Archive of side scan sonar and swath bathymetry data collected during USGS cruise 10CCT03 offshore of the Gulf Islands National Seashore, Mississippi, from East Ship Island, Mississippi, to Dauphin Island, Alabama, April 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 671, HTML document; Data download; Metadata download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds671.","productDescription":"HTML document; Data download; Metadata download","temporalStart":"2010-04-01","temporalEnd":"2010-04-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_671.jpg"},{"id":246860,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/671/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Islands National Seashore","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed4ae4b0c8380cd4970b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeWitt, Nancy T. 0000-0002-2419-4087 ndewitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-4087","contributorId":4095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Nancy","email":"ndewitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pfeiffer, William R. wpfeiffer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeiffer","given":"William","email":"wpfeiffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gibson, James N.","contributorId":51142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wiese, Dana S. dwiese@usgs.gov","contributorId":2476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiese","given":"Dana","email":"dwiese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037906,"text":"ds666 - 2012 - Hydrologic, vegetation, and soil data collected in selected wetlands of the Big River Management area, Rhode Island, from 2008 through 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-26T08:37:29","indexId":"ds666","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-28T10:27:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"666","title":"Hydrologic, vegetation, and soil data collected in selected wetlands of the Big River Management area, Rhode Island, from 2008 through 2010","docAbstract":"The Rhode Island Water Resources Board planned to develop public water-supply wells in the Big River Management Area in Kent County, Rhode Island. Research in the United States and abroad indicates that groundwater withdrawal has the potential to affect wetland hydrology and related processes. In May 2008, the Rhode Island Water Resources Board, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the University of Rhode Island formed a partnership to establish baseline conditions at selected Big River wetland study sites and to develop an approach for monitoring potential impacts once pumping begins. In 2008 and 2009, baseline data were collected on the hydrology, vegetation, and soil characteristics at five forested wetland study sites in the Big River Management Area. Four of the sites were located in areas of potential drawdown associated with the projected withdrawals. The fifth site was located outside the area of projected drawdown and served as a control site. The data collected during this study are presented in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds666","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Rhode Island Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Borenstein, M.S., Golet, F.C., Armstrong, D.S., Breault, R., McCobb, T.D., and Weiskel, P.K., 2012, Hydrologic, vegetation, and soil data collected in selected wetlands of the Big River Management area, Rhode Island, from 2008 through 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 666, vi, 8 p.; Figures; Tables Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds666.","productDescription":"vi, 8 p.; Figures; Tables Download","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_666.gif"},{"id":246859,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/ds666/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Big River Management Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.7,41.56777777777778 ], [ -71.7,41.7 ], [ -71.55,41.7 ], [ -71.55,41.56777777777778 ], [ -71.7,41.56777777777778 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a369fe4b0c8380cd60867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borenstein, Meredith S.","contributorId":25020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borenstein","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Golet, Francis C.","contributorId":83771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golet","given":"Francis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Armstrong, David S. 0000-0003-1695-1233 darmstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1695-1233","contributorId":1390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"David","email":"darmstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Breault, Robert F. 0000-0002-2517-407X rbreault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-407X","contributorId":2219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breault","given":"Robert F.","email":"rbreault@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCobb, Timothy D. 0000-0003-1533-847X tmccobb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-847X","contributorId":2012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCobb","given":"Timothy","email":"tmccobb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weiskel, Peter K. pweiskel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskel","given":"Peter","email":"pweiskel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037896,"text":"sir20125034 - 2012 - Comparison of two methods for estimating base flow in selected reaches of the South Platte River, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:34","indexId":"sir20125034","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-28T09:11:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5034","title":"Comparison of two methods for estimating base flow in selected reaches of the South Platte River, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board, compared two methods for estimating base flow in three reaches of the South Platte River between Denver and Kersey, Colorado. The two methods compared in this study are the Mass Balance and the Pilot Point methods. Base-flow estimates made with the two methods were based upon a 54-year period of record (1950 to 2003).</p>\n<p>The Mass Balance method for estimating base flow is based on a mass balance of all known inflows to and outflows from a given stream reach, with the equation being solved for groundwater flow into or out of the reach. A positive mass balance indicates a gaining reach (base flow) and a negative balance indicates a losing reach. The mass balance was calculated using daily mean streamflow, wastewater treatment plant discharge, and stream diversion data. Monthly mean base flow was calculated as the average of all daily mean mass-balance results for a given month.</p>\n<p>The Pilot Point method is based on a daily mean mass balance of all inflows to and outflows from a stream reach. The Pilot Point differs from the Mass Balance method in that extreme daily mass-balance results are constrained utilizing two analytical solutions that represent the maximum possible streamflow gain or loss. Additionally, the Pilot Point method utilizes a smoothing function, based on a moving average of the daily constrained mass-balance results. The moving average for this study utilized a moving-average period, called the bin width, of 61 days. The maximum and minimum base-flow constraints and the smoothing function are utilized to provide base-flow estimates that exhibit reasonable maximum values and temporal variability consistent with the concept of groundwater flow being gradual and slow.</p>\n<p>Both the Mass Balance and Pilot Point results provided similar patterns in annual and monthly base flow. All three reaches were indicated to be gaining reaches, particularly after about 1970, with the magnitude of base flow increasing downstream. This degree of similarity between the two methods was expected because both methods are based on a streamflow mass balance. The magnitude of estimates provided by the two methods was measurably different. The stream gains and losses estimated using the Mass Balance method were consistently more variable and of greater magnitude than those estimated using the Pilot Point method. In the Denver to Henderson reach, the median estimated annual mean base flow was 34.0 cubic feet per second (ft<sup>3</sup>/s) using the Mass Balance method and was 39.1 ft<sup>3</sup>/s using the Pilot Point method. In the Henderson to Fort Lupton reach, the median estimated annual mean base flow was 50.0 ft<sup>3</sup>/s using the Mass Balance method and was 40.0 ft<sup>3</sup>/s using the Pilot Point method. In the Fort Lupton to Kersey reach, the median estimated annual mean base flow was 234 ft<sup>3</sup>/s using the Mass Balance method and was 214 ft<sup>3</sup>/s using the Pilot Point method.</p>\n<p>The Mass Balance results were quite variable over time such that they appeared suspect with respect to the concept of groundwater flow as being gradual and slow. The large degree of variability in the day-to-day and month-to-month Mass Balance results is likely the result of many factors. These factors could include ungaged stream inflows or outflows, short-term streamflow losses to and gains from temporary bank storage, and any lag in streamflow accounting owing to streamflow lag time of flow within a reach. The Pilot Point time series results were much less variable than the Mass Balance results and extreme values were effectively constrained. Less day-to-day variability, smaller magnitude extreme values, and smoother transitions in base-flow estimates provided by the Pilot Point method are more consistent with a conceptual model of groundwater flow being gradual and slow. The Pilot Point method provided a better fit to the conceptual model of groundwater flow and appeared to provide reasonable estimates of base flow.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125034","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board","usgsCitation":"Capesius, J.P., and Arnold, L., 2012, Comparison of two methods for estimating base flow in selected reaches of the South Platte River, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5034, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125034.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1950-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5034.gif"},{"id":246852,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5034/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"South Platte River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.58333333333333,39.583333333333336 ], [ -105.58333333333333,40.583333333333336 ], [ -104.41666666666667,40.583333333333336 ], [ -104.41666666666667,39.583333333333336 ], [ -105.58333333333333,39.583333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8b8e4b0c8380cd4d25c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capesius, Joseph P. capesius@usgs.gov","contributorId":698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capesius","given":"Joseph","email":"capesius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":462990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, L. Rick","contributorId":101613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"L. Rick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037899,"text":"sir20125029 - 2012 - Modification of selected South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T17:33:08","indexId":"sir20125029","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-28T08:54:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5029","title":"Modification of selected South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves","docAbstract":"Historic scour was investigated at 231 bridges in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain physiographic provinces of South Carolina by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation. These investigations led to the development of field-derived envelope curves that provided supplementary tools to assess the potential for scour at bridges in South Carolina for selected scour components that included clear-water abutment, contraction, and pier scour, and live-bed pier and contraction scour. The envelope curves consist of a single curve with one explanatory variable encompassing all of the measured field data for the respective scour components. In the current investigation, the clear-water abutment-scour and live-bed contraction-scour envelope curves were modified to include a family of curves that utilized two explanatory variables, providing a means to further refine the assessment of scour potential for those specific scour components. The modified envelope curves and guidance for their application are presented in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Benedict, S., and Caldwell, A.W., 2012, Modification of selected South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5029, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125029.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5029.jpg"},{"id":246851,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5cb1e4b0c8380cd6fea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benedict, Stephen T. benedict@usgs.gov","contributorId":3198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Stephen T.","email":"benedict@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Andral W. 0000-0003-1269-5463 acaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-5463","contributorId":3228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Andral","email":"acaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037898,"text":"sir20125039 - 2012 - Flooded area and plant zonation in isolated wetlands in well fields in the Northern Tampa Bay Region, Florida, following reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"sir20125039","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-28T08:31:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5039","title":"Flooded area and plant zonation in isolated wetlands in well fields in the Northern Tampa Bay Region, Florida, following reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates","docAbstract":"<p>The extent and duration of the flooded area were compared in two reference wetlands and nine wetlands in well fields in the northern Tampa Bay region, Florida, to determine whether reductions in well-field groundwater-withdrawal rates resulted in increases in wetland flooded area. Flooded area, expressed as a percentage of the total wetland area, was used to provide a quantitative and comparable line of evidence for describing the hydrologic conditions in isolated wetlands of different sizes and locations.</p>\n<p>Flooded-area frequencies were quantified for periods with different groundwater-withdrawal rates that bracket reductions in well-field groundwater withdrawals. Four-year pre-reduction and post-reduction periods were applied to wetlands in Cypress Creek and Cross Bar Ranch well fields, whereas 3-year periods were applied to wetlands in Starkey well field. The reduced groundwater-withdrawal rates in Cypress Creek and Cross Bar Ranch well fields were 30 and 24 percent less than their pre-reduction rates, respectively. The reduced groundwater-withdrawal rate in the Starkey well field was 64 percent less. Total rainfall amounts were similar (differed by 1 percent or less) in the respective pre- and post-reduction periods, which minimized the effect that rainfall variability had on the analysis. Flooded-area patterns at the reference wetlands, which were unaffected by groundwater withdrawals, were similar during pre- and post-reduction periods, indicating that short-term rainfall variability within those periods did not affect the longer-term patterns of flooded-area extent and duration.</p>\n<p>One well-field wetland (W-33) experienced an extent and duration of flooded area similar to that observed at the reference wetlands. About 61&ndash;100 percent of W-33 was flooded 41 percent of the time during the pre-reduction period and 45 percent of the time in the post-reduction period. The amount of time the wetland was dry decreased from 40 percent in the pre-reduction period to 26 percent in the post-reduction period. The median elevation of the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer increased beneath this wetland by about 4 feet after reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates.</p>\n<p>Four well-field wetlands (W-17, W-56, Starkey N, and Starkey 108) had substantial increases in the extent and duration of the flooded area after reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates. These four wetlands were dry for 25&ndash;45 percent less time during the post-reduction period, when the pre- and post-reduction periods were compared. Up to 20 percent of W-56 was flooded more than three times as long after reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates. All parts of W-17 were flooded for as much as 10 percent of the time in the post-reduction period. Parts of Starkey N and Starkey 108 were flooded for more than twice as much time after reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates. The median elevation of the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer was about 4&ndash;8 feet higher beneath W-17 and W-56 after reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates, whereas the median elevation increased beneath Starkey N and Starkey 108 by about 4 feet after reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates.</p>\n<p>Four other well-field wetlands (W-41, Q-1, Starkey D, and Starkey E) were mostly dry before reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates and remained mostly dry after the reductions. W-41 was dry 23 percent less time in the post-reduction period, but most of the increase in flooded area was confined to less than 20 percent of the total wetland area. Q-1 was dry for only 12 percent less time in the post-reduction period. The median elevation of the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer increased beneath W-41 by about 5 feet and beneath Q-1 by about 2 feet after reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates. The extent and duration of the flooded area was unchanged at Starkey D when the post-reduction period was compared to the pre-reduction period. At Starkey E the extent of the flooded area decreased slightly during the post-reduction period. Even though groundwater-withdrawal rates at Starkey well field decreased in the post-reduction period, the median elevation of the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer did not increase beneath Starkey D and Starkey E after reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates from this well field. Factors such as the high permeability of sediments beneath the wetlands, subsidence, or sinkholes could contribute to continued downward leakage from these four wetlands and the lack of recovery of wetland water levels.</p>\n<p>Plant zonation in the two reference wetlands and the nine well-field wetlands was described using data collected by the Southwest Florida Water Management District and Tampa Bay Water, a regional utility, in their Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP). A scoring system was used to describe the distribution of trees, woody shrubs, and groundcover in zones at three depths along a transect line through each wetland. The locations of the three zones were identified on contoured wetland bathymetry maps and were discussed in relation to areas of the wetland bottom that flooded for different periods of time during the study. Higher scores are characteristic of a greater extent and duration of wetland flooded area.</p>\n<p>WAP scores and weighted average scores for wetland vegetation were generally consistent with the results of the flooded area analysis. The WAP scores and weighted average scores were higher overall and did not decline with time at four wetlands in well fields (W-33, W-56, Starkey N, and Starkey 108) during the years following reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates. These four wetlands also had increases in the extent and duration of the flooded area during the post-reduction period. Scores for trees were more consistent than scores for shrubs and groundcover. WAP scores remained relatively low or generally declined at five well-field wetlands (Q-1, W-17, W-41, Starkey D, and Starkey E) during the years following reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates, and weighted average scores either declined over time or remained low. These five wetlands either did not have an increase in the extent and duration of the flooded area, or if there was an increase, it was small.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125039","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Tampa Bay Water","usgsCitation":"Haag, K.H., and Pfeiffer, W.R., 2012, Flooded area and plant zonation in isolated wetlands in well fields in the Northern Tampa Bay Region, Florida, following reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5039, ix, 39 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125039.","productDescription":"ix, 39 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5039.jpg"},{"id":246850,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5039/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Tampa Bay Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.83333333333333,27.666666666666668 ], [ -82.83333333333333,28.666666666666668 ], [ -81.83333333333333,28.666666666666668 ], [ -81.83333333333333,27.666666666666668 ], [ -82.83333333333333,27.666666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1173e4b0c8380cd53fd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haag, Kim H. khhaag@usgs.gov","contributorId":381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haag","given":"Kim","email":"khhaag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":462992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pfeiffer, William R. wpfeiffer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeiffer","given":"William","email":"wpfeiffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":462993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037891,"text":"ds656 - 2012 - Database for USGS Map I-1970 - Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":4869,"text":"ds38 - 1998 - Digital representation of a map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","indexId":"ds38","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Digital representation of a map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70037891,"text":"ds656 - 2012 - Database for USGS Map I-1970 - Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","indexId":"ds656","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Database for USGS Map I-1970 - Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T11:01:40","indexId":"ds656","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"656","title":"Database for USGS Map I-1970 - Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds656","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., Packard, P., and Garrity, C., 2012, Database for USGS Map I-1970 - Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 656, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds656.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_656.jpg"},{"id":246844,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/656/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdd3e4b0c8380cd4e96a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, D. R.","contributorId":25923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Packard, P.H.","contributorId":100662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packard","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garrity, C.P. 0000-0002-5565-1818","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1818","contributorId":10021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrity","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037875,"text":"70037875 - 2012 - Estimated trichloroethene transformation rates due to naturally occurring biodegradation in a fractured-rock aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T11:58:06","indexId":"70037875","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-26T12:08:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3249,"text":"Remediation Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimated trichloroethene transformation rates due to naturally occurring biodegradation in a fractured-rock aquifer","docAbstract":"Rates of trichloroethene (TCE) mass transformed by naturally occurring biodegradation processes in a fractured rock aquifer underlying a former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) site in West Trenton, New Jersey, were estimated. The methodology included (1) dividing the site into eight elements of equal size and vertically integrating observed concentrations of two daughter products of TCE biodegradation&ndash;<i>cis</i>-dichloroethene (<i>cis</i>-DCE) and chloride&ndash;using water chemistry data from a network of 88 observation wells; (2) summing the molar mass of <i>cis</i>-DCE, the first biodegradation product of TCE, to provide a probable underestimate of reductive biodegradation of TCE, (3) summing the molar mass of chloride, the final product of chlorinated ethene degradation, to provide a probable overestimate of overall biodegradation. Finally, lower and higher estimates of aquifer porosities and groundwater residence times were used to estimate a range of overall transformation rates. The highest TCE transformation rates estimated using this procedure for the combined overburden and bedrock aquifers was 945 kg/yr, and the lowest was 37 kg/yr. However, hydrologic considerations suggest that approximately 100 to 500 kg/yr is the probable range for overall TCE transformation rates in this system. Estimated rates of TCE transformation were much higher in shallow overburden sediments (approximately 100 to 500 kg/yr) than in the deeper bedrock aquifer (approximately 20 to 0.15 kg/yr), which reflects the higher porosity and higher contaminant mass present in the overburden. By way of comparison, pump-and-treat operations at the NAWC site are estimated to have removed between 1,073 and 1,565 kg/yr of TCE between 1996 and 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remediation Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/rem.21307","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., Lacombe, P., and Bradley, P.M., 2012, Estimated trichloroethene transformation rates due to naturally occurring biodegradation in a fractured-rock aquifer: Remediation Journal, v. 22, no. 2, p. 7-20, https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.21307.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":246814,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.21307","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"West Trenton","otherGeospatial":"Naval Air Warfare Center","volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0aa5e4b0c8380cd5240c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre J. placombe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre J.","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037876,"text":"70037876 - 2012 - Characterizing mercury concentrations and fluxes in a Coastal Plain watershed: Insights from dynamic modeling and data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-19T17:02:52.022313","indexId":"70037876","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-26T11:56:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing mercury concentrations and fluxes in a Coastal Plain watershed: Insights from dynamic modeling and data","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) is one of the leading water quality concerns in surface waters of the United States. Although watershed-scale Hg cycling research has increased in the past two decades, advances in modeling watershed Hg processes in diverse physiographic regions, spatial scales, and land cover types are needed. The goal of this study was to assess Hg cycling in a Coastal Plain system using concentrations and fluxes estimated by multiple watershed-scale models with distinct mathematical frameworks reflecting different system dynamics. We simulated total mercury (Hg<sub>T</sub>, the sum of filtered and particulate forms) concentrations and fluxes from a Coastal Plain watershed (McTier Creek) using three watershed Hg models and an empirical load model. Model output was compared with observed in-stream Hg<sub>T</sub>. We found that shallow subsurface flow is a potentially important transport mechanism of particulate Hg<sub>T</sub> during periods when connectivity between the uplands and surface waters is maximized. Other processes (e.g., stream bank erosion, sediment re-suspension) may increase particulate Hg<sub>T</sub> in the water column. Simulations and data suggest that variable source area (VSA) flow and lack of rainfall interactions with surface soil horizons result in increased dissolved Hg<sub>T</sub> concentrations unrelated to DOC mobilization following precipitation events. Although flushing of DOC-Hg<sub>T</sub> complexes from surface soils can also occur during this period, DOC-complexed Hg<sub>T</sub> becomes more important during base flow conditions. TOPLOAD simulations highlight saturated subsurface flow as a primary driver of daily Hg<sub>T</sub> loadings, but shallow subsurface flow is important for Hg<sub>T</sub> loads during high-flow events. Results suggest limited seasonal trends in Hg<sub>T</sub> dynamics.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011JG001806","usgsCitation":"Golden, H., Knightes, C., Conrads, P., Davis, G.M., Feaster, T., Journey, C., Benedict, S., Brigham, M.E., and Bradley, P., 2012, Characterizing mercury concentrations and fluxes in a Coastal Plain watershed: Insights from dynamic modeling and data: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 117, no. G1, G01006, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001806.","productDescription":"G01006, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Mctier Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.54052734375,\n              33.22949814144951\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.69482421875,\n              33.22949814144951\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.69482421875,\n              34.88593094075317\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.54052734375,\n              34.88593094075317\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.54052734375,\n              33.22949814144951\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"G1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f500e4b0c8380cd4c027","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Golden, H.E.","contributorId":96100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knightes, C.D.","contributorId":46315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knightes","given":"C.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrads, P.A.","contributorId":57493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, G. M.","contributorId":7510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Feaster, T.D.","contributorId":49191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"T.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Journey, C.A. 0000-0002-2284-5851","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":106158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Benedict, S.T.","contributorId":97155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brigham, M. E.","contributorId":87535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70156639,"text":"70156639 - 2012 - Integrated geophysical surveys for mapping lati-andesite intrusive bodies, Chino Valley, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-25T13:19:12","indexId":"70156639","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Integrated geophysical surveys for mapping lati-andesite intrusive bodies, Chino Valley, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>Three different geophysical methods (magnetic, transient electromagnetic (TEM) and gravity) were used near Chino Valley, Arizona, USA in order to map a suspected lati-andesite intrusive body (plug) previously located by interpretation of aeromagnetic data. The magnetic and TEM surveys provided the best indication of the location and depth of the plug. The north-south spatial extent of this plug was estimated to be approximately 600 meters. The depth to the top of the plug was found from the TEM survey to be approximately 350 meters near the center of the survey. The location of the plug defined by the ground magnetic data is consistent with that from the TEM data. Gravity data mostly image the basin-basement interface with a small contribution from the plug of about 0.5 mGal. Results from this investigation can be used to help define the irregular subsurface topography caused by several intrusive lati-andesite plugs that could influence groundwater flow in the area.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"25th Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2012 : (SAGEEP 2012) : Tucson, Arizona, USA, 25-29 March 2012","conferenceTitle":"25th Symposium on the Application of Geophpysics to Engineering & Environmental Problems","conferenceDate":"March 25-29, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Tucson, AZ","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society","doi":"10.4133/1.4721853","usgsCitation":"El-Kaliouby, H., Sternberg, B.K., Hoffmann, J.P., and Langenheim, V., 2012, Integrated geophysical surveys for mapping lati-andesite intrusive bodies, Chino Valley, Arizona, <i>in</i> 25th Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2012 : (SAGEEP 2012) : Tucson, Arizona, USA, 25-29 March 2012, Tucson, AZ, March 25-29, 2012, p. 483-494, https://doi.org/10.4133/1.4721853.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"494","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307416,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Chino Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.83096313476562,\n              34.6015631772409\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.83096313476562,\n              35.00637800423346\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.18414306640625,\n              35.00637800423346\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.18414306640625,\n              34.6015631772409\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.83096313476562,\n              34.6015631772409\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f51be4b0bc0bec0a1408","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"El-Kaliouby, Hesham","contributorId":146992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"El-Kaliouby","given":"Hesham","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sternberg, Ben K.","contributorId":146993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sternberg","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffmann, John P. jphoffma@usgs.gov","contributorId":1337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"John","email":"jphoffma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":569767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70156901,"text":"70156901 - 2012 - On the reported ionospheric precursor of the 1999 Hector Mine, California earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-27T16:01:08.063548","indexId":"70156901","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the reported ionospheric precursor of the 1999 Hector Mine, California earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>Using Global Positioning System (GPS) data from sites near the 16 Oct. 1999 Hector Mine, California earthquake, Pulinets et al. (2007) identified anomalous changes in the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) starting one week prior to the earthquake. Pulinets (2007) suggested that precursory phenomena of this type could be useful for predicting earthquakes. On the other hand, and in a separate analysis, Afraimovich et al. (2004) concluded that TEC variations near the epicenter were controlled by solar and geomagnetic activity that were unrelated to the earthquake. In an investigation of these very different results, we examine TEC time series of long duration from GPS stations near and far from the epicenter of the Hector Mine earthquake, and long before and long after the earthquake. While we can reproduce the essential time series results of Pulinets et al., we find that the signal they identify as anomalous is not actually anomalous. Instead, it is just part of normal global-scale TEC variation. We conclude that the TEC anomaly reported by Pulinets et al. is unrelated to the Hector Mine earthquake.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2012GL051022","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.N., Love, J.J., Komjathy, A., Verkhoglyadova, O.P., Butala, M., and Rivera, N., 2012, On the reported ionospheric precursor of the 1999 Hector Mine, California earthquake: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 39, no. 6, L06302, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051022.","productDescription":"L06302, 5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-027287","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012gl051022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307790,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hector Mine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.56974792480469,\n              34.70210643670556\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.56974792480469,\n              34.81887685681378\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.38847351074217,\n              34.81887685681378\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.38847351074217,\n              34.70210643670556\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.56974792480469,\n              34.70210643670556\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e6cc37e4b05561fa20a022","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Jeremy N.","contributorId":105996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Komjathy, Attila","contributorId":147294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Komjathy","given":"Attila","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verkhoglyadova, Olga P.","contributorId":147295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verkhoglyadova","given":"Olga","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Butala, Mark","contributorId":147296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butala","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rivera, Nicholas","contributorId":147297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rivera","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037868,"text":"sir20115206 - 2012 - Status of groundwater quality in the San Fernando--San Gabriel study unit, 2005--California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:34","indexId":"sir20115206","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5206","title":"Status of groundwater quality in the San Fernando--San Gabriel study unit, 2005--California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the approximately 460-square-mile San Fernando--San Gabriel (FG) study unit was investigated as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The study area is in Los Angeles County and includes Tertiary-Quaternary sedimentary basins situated within the Transverse Ranges of southern California. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The GAMA FG study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of the quality of untreated (raw) groundwater in the primary aquifer systems (hereinafter referred to as primary aquifers) throughout California. The assessment is based on water-quality and ancillary data collected in 2005 by the USGS from 35 wells and on water-quality data from the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database. The primary aquifers were defined by the depth interval of the wells listed in the CDPH database for the FG study unit. The quality of groundwater in primary aquifers may be different from that in the shallower or deeper water-bearing zones; shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to surficial contamination. This study assesses the status of the current quality of the groundwater resource by using data from samples analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, and naturally occurring inorganic constituents, such as major ions and trace elements. This status assessment is intended to characterize the quality of groundwater resources in the primary aquifers of the FG study unit, not the treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water purveyors.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115206","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program","usgsCitation":"Land, M., Kulongoski, J., and Belitz, K., 2012, Status of groundwater quality in the San Fernando--San Gabriel study unit, 2005--California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5206, viii, 48 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115206.","productDescription":"viii, 48 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"66","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5206.jpg"},{"id":246802,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5206/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b97cce4b08c986b31bc89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":56613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":94750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037874,"text":"fs20123040 - 2012 - The Cottonwood Lake study area, a long-term wetland ecosystem monitoring site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:06:10","indexId":"fs20123040","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3040","title":"The Cottonwood Lake study area, a long-term wetland ecosystem monitoring site","docAbstract":"The Cottonwood Lake study area is one of only three long-term wetland ecosystem monitoring sites in the prairie pothole region of North America; the other two are Orchid Meadows in South Dakota and St. Denis in Saskatchewan. Of the three, Cottonwood Lake has, by far, the longest continuous data-collection record. Research was initiated at the study area in 1966, and intensive investigations of the hydrology, chemistry, and biology of prairie pothole wetlands continue at the site today. This fact sheet describes the study area, provides an overview of wetland ecology research that has been conducted at the site in the past, and provides an introduction to current work being conducted at the study area by USGS scientists.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123040","collaboration":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","usgsCitation":"Mushet, D.M., and Euliss, N.H., 2012, The Cottonwood Lake study area, a long-term wetland ecosystem monitoring site: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3040, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123040.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3040.gif"},{"id":246806,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3040/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,45.916666666666664 ], [ -104,49 ], [ -97,49 ], [ -97,45.916666666666664 ], [ -104,45.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6f2e4b08c986b3212f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr. ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038536,"text":"70038536 - 2012 - Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge: Lake Lowell water based recreation data summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-29T12:27:02","indexId":"70038536","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-21T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge: Lake Lowell water based recreation data summary","docAbstract":"<p>Introduction: Established in 1909, Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge is one of the oldest refuges in the National Wildlife Refuge System. The Refuge has two units, Lake Lowell and the Snake River Islands. The Lake Lowell Unit is 10,636 acres and includes the almost 9,000-acre Lake Lowell and surrounding lands. The Refuge offers the six priority wildlife-dependent activities (fishing, hunting, wildlife observation, wildlife interpretation, wildlife photography and environmental education) as defined in The National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act as amended by the Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 as well as other non-wildlife-dependent activities. The purpose of this study is to describe use characteristics of recreational boaters on Lake Lowell. This study does not address use in other parts of the Refuge or other recreational activities. The sampling and data collection consisted of observations of boat activity made from fixed vantage points on the west and east pools of Lake Lowell to develop vessels-at-one-time (VAOT) estimates for three areas: the West Pool, the Headquarters section of the East Pool, and the East section of the East Pool. A complete description of the sampling locations and a map are provided below Traffic counters were also used to collect data on the number of vehicles entering the parking lots. Data were collected between April 15 and September 30, 2011.</p>","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Schuster, R., 2012, Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge: Lake Lowell water based recreation data summary.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037988","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Region_1/NWRS/Zone_2/Deer_Flat/Documents/Appendix%20L%20Deer%20Flat%20FCCP_sm.EIS.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Lake Lowell","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.57867431640624,\n              43.523410314985455\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.59000396728516,\n              43.52216559741784\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.59446716308592,\n              43.52838892844328\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.59858703613281,\n              43.536104967254566\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.60064697265625,\n              43.543073444106525\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.60579681396484,\n              43.55228055320695\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.61849975585938,\n              43.55451990763498\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.64081573486328,\n              43.55924716038612\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.64905548095702,\n              43.56372526826544\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.65180206298828,\n              43.57168552708072\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.66313171386719,\n              43.57069055225934\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6758346557617,\n              43.577406313314974\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6758346557617,\n              43.59083558861119\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6923141479492,\n              43.59481405781924\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.72012329101564,\n              43.600035399518525\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.74724578857422,\n              43.5823804682817\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.7520523071289,\n              43.577157594779464\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.75170898437501,\n              43.57044180598564\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.73728942871094,\n              43.563974042277\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.72355651855469,\n              43.56123747164742\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.71566009521484,\n              43.55775438379294\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.70604705810547,\n              43.54431773022229\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.69162750244139,\n              43.53510940481582\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6696548461914,\n              43.530629170442424\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6524887084961,\n              43.5281400075293\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.62811279296875,\n              43.51619059561272\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.60785675048828,\n              43.509966006217816\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.58210754394531,\n              43.50672896600787\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.57215118408205,\n              43.50797400201761\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.57146453857423,\n              43.514198796857976\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.57386779785155,\n              43.52365925541725\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.57970428466797,\n              43.522414542985864\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.57867431640624,\n              43.523410314985455\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579c7e2ae4b0589fa1ca11d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuster, Rudy M.","contributorId":92405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Rudy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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