This report presents the basic data that were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during a study of the chemical quality of water in Flaming Gorge Reservoir. An interpretive report will follow. The basic data were collected from the reservoir during six sampling runs between October 1970 and September 1972. The reservoir was sampled for chemical analyses at 17 sites. Chemical and physical data were measured in situ at 34 sites. The sites are shown in figure 1 and the data are listed in tables 1 and 3-6.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","usgsCitation":"Bolke, E., and Waddell, K., 1972, Water-quality data for the Flaming Gorge Reservoir area, Utah and Wyoming, 1969-72: Utah Basic-Data Release 24, iii, 50 p.","productDescription":"iii, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345836,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/docview.exe?Folder=TP21-1-480&Title=Basic+Data+Report+24"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Flaming Gorge Reservoir","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59bf899ce4b091459a5e0889","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolke, E.L.","contributorId":52151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolke","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddell, K.M.","contributorId":59009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":96421,"text":"96421 - 1972 - Highways and their impact on the wildlife in the pinyon-juniper-oak woodland and grassland in north-central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T11:53:28","indexId":"96421","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Highways and their impact on the wildlife in the pinyon-juniper-oak woodland and grassland in north-central Arizona","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"Prescott College Ecological Survey","usgsCitation":"Douglas, C.L., and Johnson, R., 1972, Highways and their impact on the wildlife in the pinyon-juniper-oak woodland and grassland in north-central Arizona, iv, 109 p.","productDescription":"iv, 109 p.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,31.33 ], [ -114.82,37.0 ], [ -109.05,37.0 ], [ -109.05,31.33 ], [ -114.82,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6886a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, Charles L.","contributorId":10742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, R. 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Filters were shown to significantly reduce the virus concentration. Virus and tissue cultures were not affected by this procedure. In field tests nearly three times more specimens were positive for virus with this method than with the widely used filter technique. Moreover, the cost of materials was less. This method is recommended for inspection and certification purposes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taypr & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1972)101<267:AIMFIV>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Amend, D.F., and Pietsch, J.P., 1972, An improved method for isolating viruses from asymptomatic carrier fish: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 101, no. 2, p. 267-269, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1972)101<267:AIMFIV>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p. ","startPage":"267","endPage":"269","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335517,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a5770ee4b057081a24eecd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amend, Donald F.","contributorId":106543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amend","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pietsch, John P.","contributorId":152099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pietsch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182028,"text":"70182028 - 1972 - Investigations of the lipopolysaccharide fractions from Aeromonas salmonicida smooth and rough forms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T12:30:17","indexId":"70182028","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Investigations of the lipopolysaccharide fractions from Aeromonas salmonicida smooth and rough forms","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on the major communicable diseases in Europe and their control","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on the major communicable diseases in Europe and their control","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.P., 1972, Investigations of the lipopolysaccharide fractions from Aeromonas salmonicida smooth and rough forms, in Symposium on the major communicable diseases in Europe and their control, p. 175-179.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"175","endPage":"179","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a5770de4b057081a24eec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, D. P.","contributorId":32469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001546,"text":"1001546 - 1972 - Migration of birds in North Dakota during fall 1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T13:57:54","indexId":"1001546","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration of birds in North Dakota during fall 1971","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prairie Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., Lokemoen, J.T., and Springer, P.F., 1972, Migration of birds in North Dakota during fall 1971: Prairie Naturalist, v. 4, no. 2, p. 43-51.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635480","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lokemoen, J. T.","contributorId":79049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lokemoen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Springer, P. F.","contributorId":56590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Springer","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1013631,"text":"1013631 - 1972 - Inheritance of albinism in rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-07T16:41:14.500236","indexId":"1013631","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2333,"text":"Journal of Heredity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inheritance of albinism in rainbow trout","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a108258","usgsCitation":"Bridges, B., and von Limbach, B., 1972, Inheritance of albinism in rainbow trout: Journal of Heredity, v. 63, no. 3, p. 152-153, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a108258.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132192,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ee093","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridges, B.","contributorId":10002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"von Limbach, B.","contributorId":52125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Limbach","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000322,"text":"1000322 - 1972 - Effects of dressing and cooking on DDT concentrations in certain fish from Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-14T13:28:09","indexId":"1000322","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of dressing and cooking on DDT concentrations in certain fish from Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Concentrations of DDT residues were highest in parts of the body with the highest oil content in four species of fish from Lake Michigan: yellow perch (Perca flavescens), bloater (Coregonus hoyi), lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Dressing reduced the DDT residues and oil content by more than 90% in yellow perch but had little effect in the other three species. The concentration of DDT residues in bloaters was changed little by smoking but was reduced 64–72% by other methods of cooking: from 8.0 ppm (raw) to 2.2 ppm after frying in corn oil; from 10.7 to 3.9 ppm after frying in lard; and from 9.1 to 3.2 ppm after broiling. The concentration of DDT residues in fillets of yellow perch changed only from 0.3 ppm (raw) to 0.4 or 0.5 ppm after baking, frying, or broiling.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f72-088","usgsCitation":"Reinert, R.E., Stewart, D., and Seagran, H.L., 1972, Effects of dressing and cooking on DDT concentrations in certain fish from Lake Michigan: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 29, no. 5, p. 525-529, https://doi.org/10.1139/f72-088.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"529","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615cb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reinert, Robert E.","contributorId":101214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinert","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Donald","contributorId":95850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seagran, Harry L.","contributorId":10388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seagran","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":81528,"text":"81528 - 1972 - Analysis of faunal remains from Black Mesa: 1968-1970 excavations. App. III,","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:01","indexId":"81528","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Analysis of faunal remains from Black Mesa: 1968-1970 excavations. App. III,","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archaelogical investigations on Black Mesa: 1969-1970 seasons.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Prescott College Press","usgsCitation":"Douglas, C.L., 1972, Analysis of faunal remains from Black Mesa: 1968-1970 excavations. App. III,, chap. of Archaelogical investigations on Black Mesa: 1969-1970 seasons., p. 225-238.","productDescription":"p. 225-238","startPage":"225","endPage":"238","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db6807e7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gumerman, G.","contributorId":112318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gumerman","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504209,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"et al.","contributorId":128369,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"et al.","id":536186,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, C. 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Major contributing factors have been intensive selective fisheries, extreme modification of the drainage, invasion of marine species, and progressive physical–chemical changes of the lake environments. Lake Ontario was the first to be affected as its basin was settled and industrialized earliest, and it was the first to be connected by canals to the mid-Atlantic where the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) which ultimately became established in the Great Lakes were abundant. Oligotrophic fish communities were successively disrupted in Lakes Erie, Huron, Michigan, and Superior as the affects of population growth, industrialization, and marine invaders spread upward in the Laurentian drainage.The degree and sequence of response of families offish and species within families differed for each factor, but the sequence of change among families and species has been the same in response to each factor as it affected various lakes at different times. The ultimate result of the disruption of fish communities has been a reduction of productivity of oligotrophic species that ranges from extreme in Lake Ontario to moderate in Lake Superior, and which has reached a state of instability and rapid change in the upper three Great Lakes by the rnid-1900s similar to the situation in Lake Ontario in the mid-1800s. Since oligotrophic species (primarily salmonines, coregonines, and deepwater cottids) are the only kinds of fish that fully occupied the entire volume of the deepwater Great Lakes (Ontario, Huron, Michigan, and Superior), the fish biomass of these lakes has been reduced as various species declined or disappeared. In Lake Erie, which is shallow, and in the shallow bays of the deep lakes, oligotrophic species were replaced by mesotrophic species, primarily percids, which have successively increased and declined. All oligotrophic species are greatly reduced or extinct in lakes Ontario and Erie, and are in various stages of decline in lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior, from greatest to least, respectively. The percids appear to be near the end of their sequence of succession in lakes Erie, Ontario, and Huron (primarily Saginaw Bay) where only the yellow perch (Perca flavescens) remains abundant. The yellow perch appears to be on the brink of decline in Lake Erie, which has been more severely influenced by water quality change than the other lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f72-117","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.H., 1972, Factors of ecologic succession in oligotrophic fish communities of the Laurentian Great Lakes: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 29, no. 6, p. 717-730, https://doi.org/10.1139/f72-117.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"717","endPage":"730","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7a50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Stanford H.","contributorId":86711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Stanford","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010210,"text":"70010210 - 1972 - Oceanic ridges and transform faults: Their intersection angles and resistance to plate motion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T00:48:15.006936","indexId":"70010210","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oceanic ridges and transform faults: Their intersection angles and resistance to plate motion","docAbstract":"The persistent near-orthogonal pattern formed by oceanic ridges and transform faults defies explanation in terms of rigid plates because it probably depends on the energy associated with deformation. For passive spreading, it is likely that the ridges and transforms adjust to a configuration offering minimum resistance to plate separation. This leads to a simple geometric model which yields conditions for the occurrence of transform faults and an aid to interpretation of structural patterns in the sea floor. Under reasonable assumptions, it is much more difficult for diverging plates to spread a kilometer of ridge than to slip a kilometer of transform fault, and the patterns observed at spreading centers might extend to lithospheric depths. Under these conditions, the resisting force at spreading centers could play a significant role in the dynamics of plate-tectonic systems.
Borax, gaylussite, nahcolite and trona were synthesized in aqueous solution at temperatures ranging from 8° to 35°C. Except for borax, deuterium was always depleted in these hydrated minerals relative to the solutions from which they were crystallized. In borax, no significant fractionation was found. The fractionation factor of
An attempt to establish a geothermometer based on
The Mössbauer spectrum of staurolite does not necessarily indicate that ferrous iron is distributed over both the tetrahedral Fe site and one or more of the octahedral sites, as previously thought. Two doublets are present in the spectrum, but their quadrupole spliting and isomer shift are more consistent with both being due to tetrahedrally coordinated ferrous iron. Smith's X-ray work has shown that cations in the Fe site actually assume several slightly different positions, and iron in each of these positions may give rise to a different Mössbauer doublet.
The recent availability of borehole logging sondes employing a source of neutrons and a Ge(Li) detector opens up the possibility of analyzing either decay or capture gamma rays. The most efficient method for a given element can be predicted by calculating the decay-to-capture count ratio for the most prominent peaks in the respective spectra. From a practical point of view such a calculation must be slanted toward short irradiation and count times at each station in a borehole. A simplified method of computation is shown, and the decay-to-capture count ratio has been calculated and tabulated for the optimum value in the decay mode irrespective of the irradiation time, and also for a ten minute irradiation time. Based on analysis of a single peak in each spectrum, the results indicate the preferred technique and the best decay or capture peak to observe for those elements of economic interest.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0029-554X(72)90601-5","issn":"0029554X","usgsCitation":"Senftle, F.E., Moxham, R., and Tanner, A., 1972, A comparison of radiative capture with decay gamma-ray method in bore hole logging for economic minerals: Nuclear Instruments and Methods, v. 104, no. 3, p. 485-492, https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554X(72)90601-5.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"485","endPage":"492","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e371e4b0c8380cd4600d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moxham, R.M.","contributorId":42234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tanner, A.B.","contributorId":44155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010128,"text":"70010128 - 1972 - Geological framework of the south polar region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T01:26:10.222017","indexId":"70010128","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological framework of the south polar region of Mars","docAbstract":"The first 4 months of Mariner 9 photography of the south polar region are discussed. Three major geological units have been recognized, separated by erosional unconformities. From oldest to youngest they are: cratered terrain, pitted plains, and laminated terrain. The latter unit is unique in occurrence to the polar region, volatiles are probably involved in its origin, and may still be present within the laminated terrain as layered ice.
The residual south polar cap has been observed to survive the disappearance of the thin annual CO2 frost deposit and to last virtually unchanged in outline through the southern summer. That exposed deposit is inferred to be composed of water-ice. The residual cap appears to lie at the apex of an unusual quasi-circular structure composed of laminated terrain; a similar structure also appears to exist near the north pole.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(72)90004-8","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Murray, B.C., Soderblom, L., Cutts, J., Sharp, R., Milton, D., and Leighton, R., 1972, Geological framework of the south polar region of Mars: Icarus, v. 17, no. 2, p. 328-345, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(72)90004-8.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"328","endPage":"345","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2264e4b0c8380cd56fdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, B. C.","contributorId":49870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cutts, J.A.","contributorId":56790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutts","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sharp, R.P.","contributorId":6993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Milton, D.J.","contributorId":44121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leighton, R.B.","contributorId":73745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leighton","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70010094,"text":"70010094 - 1972 - Differentiation and volcanism in the lunar highlands: Photogeologic evidence and Apollo 16 implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T20:47:47.740182","indexId":"70010094","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differentiation and volcanism in the lunar highlands: Photogeologic evidence and Apollo 16 implications","docAbstract":"Materials of possible volcanic origin in the lunar highlands include (1) highland plains materials, (2) materials forming closely spaced hills in which summit furrows and chains of craters are common and (3) materials forming closely spaced hills (some of which parallel the lunar grid) on which summit furrows and chain craters are rare. The highland plains materials probably are basaltic lavas with less Fe and Ti than the mare plains materials. The two hilly units appear to consist of materials that, if volcanic, were more viscous in the molten state than any of the lunar plains units; thus these materials may be significantly enriched in felsic components. Most of the highland materials of possible volcanic origin formed after the Imbrium multi-ring basin but before mare material completed flooding parts of the moon; they therefore postdate accretion of the moon and may represent several episodes of premare volcanism.
A seismic reflection and gravity profile across the continental margin of the Yucatan Peninsula, Yucatan Basin, Cayman Ridge, and Cayman Trough suggests that sediments in the Yucatan Basin consist of a thick succession of beds dominated by turbidites that overlie a thick but irregular sequence of beds, probably dominated by pelagic deposits. The so-called “Carib beds”, present elsewhere in the Caribbean, are not evident in the part of the basin crossed by this profile. The sedimentary section rests on a acoustic basement that probably represents the top of oceanic layer 2. A gravity model indicates that the crust beneath the Yucatan Basin is thin and therefore probably is oceanic in character. The crust thickens southward under the Cayman Ridge but thins again beneath the Cayman Trough. This local thickening is consistent with the suggestion that the Cayman Ridge is a rifted part of the Nicaraguan Rise.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(72)90273-7","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Dillon, W.P., Vedder, J.G., and Graf, R., 1972, Structural profile of the northwestern Caribbean: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 17, no. 1, p. 175-180, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(72)90273-7.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"180","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c00e4b08c986b31d206","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":358024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vedder, J. G.","contributorId":97873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vedder","given":"J.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graf, R.J.","contributorId":91234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graf","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010155,"text":"70010155 - 1972 - Fluorination of 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and 1,3,5-trihalobenzenes with potassium fluoride in dimethyl sulfone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T00:58:53.284543","indexId":"70010155","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2292,"text":"Journal of Fluorine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluorination of 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and 1,3,5-trihalobenzenes with potassium fluoride in dimethyl sulfone","docAbstract":"Three trifluorobenzenes were prepared by reaction of the corresponding trichlorobenzenes with potassium fluoride or pottassium fluoride-cesium fluoride mixtures in dimethyl sulfone. Molar yields were 12.8% for 1,2,3-, 8.3% for 1,2,4-, and 56.2% for 1,3,5-. Improved yields of the 1,2,3- (23.9%) and the 1,2,4- (34.0%) trifluorobenzenes were obtained from certain partially fluorinated intermediates. Several chlorofluorobenzene intermediates were obtained in goods yields by careful control of the reaction variables. The instability of the polyfluorobenzenes in the halogen-exchange reaction medium explains, in part, why only limited yields of the polyfluorobenzenes are obtained by using this method.
The linear combination technique, when applied to a gamma-ray spectrum, gives a single number indicative of the extent to which the spectral lines of a sought element are present in a complex spectrum. Spectra are taken of the sought element and of various other substances whose spectra interfere with that of the sought element. A weighting function is then computed for application to spectra of unknown materials. The technique was used to determine calcium by radiative-neutron-capture gamma-ray analysis in the presence of interfering elements, notably titanium, and the results were compared with those for two popular methods of peak area integration. Although linearity of response was similar for the methods, the linear combination technique was much better at rejecting interferences. For analyses involving mixtures of unknown composition the technique consequently offers improved sensitivity.
More than 2000 fragments were studied microscopically, and electron microprobe analyses were made of 39 selected areas, from a few square mm of polished surface, through 75- to 425-μm fragments of lunar soil from two samples of the Luna 16 core. The silicate melt inclusions and glasses differ in important details from those observed earlier in the Apollo samples. Melt inclusions in olivine contain epitaxially oriented daughter crystals, but also show a similar epitaxy around the outside of the crystals not observed in previous lunar samples. Melt inclusions in ilmenite suggest trapping at successive stages in a differentiation sequence. There is abundant evidence for late-stage silicate liquid immiscibility, with melt compositions similar but not identical to those from Apollo 11 and 12. A comparison of the alkali ratio of any given bulk rock analysis with that of its late-stage, high-silica melt shows gross differences for different rocks. This is pertinent to understanding late-stage differentiation processes. Glass fragments and spherules exhibit a wide range of crystallization textures, reflecting their wide range of compositions and cooling histories. No significant differences were found between the two portions of core examined (Zones A and D).
An experiment centering around a mass spectrometer is described, which is aimed at the identification of organic substances present in the top 10 cm of the surface of Mars and an analysis of the atmosphere for major and minor constituents as well as isotopic abundances. In addition, an indication of the abundance of water in the surface and some information concerning the mineralogy can be obtained by monitoring the gases produced upon heating the soil sample.
The organic material will simply be expelled by heating to 150°, 300°, and 500° into the carrier gas stream of a gas chromatograph interfaced to the mass spectrometer or by slowly heating the sample in direct communication with the spectrometer. It is planned to analyze a total of up to nine soil samples in order to study diurnal and seasonal variations. The system is designed to give useful data even for minor constituents if the total of organics should be as low as 5ppm. The spectrometer covers the mass range of 12–200 with adequate resolution.
The results of these experiments, which are deliberately designed to cover a wide spectrum of possibilities independent of terrestrial models, are expected to produce a good picture of the planet's organic chemistry and its possible biological significance as well as allow conclusions regarding the history of the planet's atmosphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(72)90140-6","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.M., Biemann, K., Orgel, L.E., Oro, J., Owen, T., Shulman, G.P., Toulmin, P., and Urey, H.C., 1972, Mass spectrometric analysis of organic compounds, water and volatile constituents in the atmosphere and surface of Mars: The Viking Mars Lander: Icarus, v. 16, no. 1, p. 111-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(72)90140-6.","startPage":"111","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5255e4b0c8380cd6c328","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Duwayne M.","contributorId":191734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Duwayne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":33087,"text":"Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":358109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biemann, K.","contributorId":76065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biemann","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orgel, Leslie E.","contributorId":50652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orgel","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":33348,"text":"Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":358111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oro, John","contributorId":21683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oro","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33349,"text":"Department of Biophysical Science, University of Houston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":358108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Owen, Tobias","contributorId":103788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owen","given":"Tobias","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shulman, Garson P.","contributorId":16155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shulman","given":"Garson","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":358107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Toulmin, Priestley III","contributorId":8522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toulmin","given":"Priestley","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12805,"text":"Univ. of California at San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":358113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Urey, H. C.","contributorId":44284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urey","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70010143,"text":"70010143 - 1972 - Imaging experiment: The Viking Mars orbiter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T01:05:19.53094","indexId":"70010143","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imaging experiment: The Viking Mars orbiter","docAbstract":"The general objectives of the Imaging Experiment on the Viking Orbiter are to aid the selection of Viking Lander sites, to map and monitor the chosen sites during lander operations, to aid in the selection of future landing sites, and to extend our knowledge of the planet. The imaging system consists of two identical vidicon cameras each attached to a 1026 mm T/8 telescope giving approximately 1° square field of view. From an altitude of 1500 km the picture elements will be approximately 24m apart. The vidicon is coupled with an image intensifier which provides increased sensitivity and permits electronic shuttering and image motion compensation. A vidicon readout time of 2.24 sec enables pictures to be taken in rapid sequence for contiguous coverage at high resolution. The camera differs from those previously flown to Mars by providing contiguous coverage at high resolution on a single orbital pass, by having sufficient sensitivity to use narrow band color filters at maximum resolution, and by having response in the ultraviolet. These capabilities will be utelized to supplement lander observations and to extend our knowledge particularly of volcanic, erosional, and atmospheric phenomena on Mars.