{"pageNumber":"635","pageRowStart":"15850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":69037,"records":[{"id":70047357,"text":"70047357 - 2013 - Deep subsurface drip irrigation using coal-bed sodic water: part I. water and solute movement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-01T15:34:53","indexId":"70047357","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T15:26:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":680,"text":"Agricultural Water Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep subsurface drip irrigation using coal-bed sodic water: part I. water and solute movement","docAbstract":"Water co-produced with coal-bed methane (CBM) in the semi-arid Powder River Basin of Wyoming and Montana commonly has relatively low salinity and high sodium adsorption ratios that can degrade soil permeability where used for irrigation. Nevertheless, a desire to derive beneficial use from the water and a need to dispose of large volumes of it have motivated the design of a deep subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system capable of utilizing that water. Drip tubing is buried 92 cm deep and irrigates at a relatively constant rate year-round, while evapotranspiration by the alfalfa and grass crops grown is seasonal. We use field data from two sites and computer simulations of unsaturated flow to understand water and solute movements in the SDI fields. Combined irrigation and precipitation exceed potential evapotranspiration by 300-480 mm annually. Initially, excess water contributes to increased storage in the unsaturated zone, and then drainage causes cyclical rises in the water table beneath the fields. Native chloride and nitrate below 200 cm depth are leached by the drainage. Some CBM water moves upward from the drip tubing, drawn by drier conditions above. Chloride from CBM water accumulates there as root uptake removes the water. Year over year accumulations indicated by computer simulations illustrate that infiltration of precipitation water from the surface only partially leaches such accumulations away. Field data show that 7% and 27% of added chloride has accumulated above the drip tubing in an alfalfa and grass field, respectively, following 6 years of irrigation. Maximum chloride concentrations in the alfalfa field are around 45 cm depth but reach the surface in parts of the grass field, illustrating differences driven by crop physiology. Deep SDI offers a means of utilizing marginal quality irrigation waters and managing the accumulation of their associated solutes in the crop rooting zone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agricultural Water Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2012.11.014","usgsCitation":"Bern, C., Breit, G.N., Healy, R.W., Zupancic, J.W., and Hammack, R., 2013, Deep subsurface drip irrigation using coal-bed sodic water: part I. water and solute movement: Agricultural Water Management, v. 118, p. 122-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.11.014.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-036926","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275800,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.11.014"},{"id":275801,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377412003071"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.858878,44.690745 ], [ -106.858878,44.955734 ], [ -106.269986,44.955734 ], [ -106.269986,44.690745 ], [ -106.858878,44.690745 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"118","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fbca70e4b04b00e3d88fa0","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2012.11.014","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.11.014","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Bern Carleton R., Breit George N., Healy Richard W., Zupancic John W., Hammack Richard","journalName":"Agricultural Water Management","publicationDate":"2/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bern, Carleton R.","contributorId":59325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bern","given":"Carleton R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breit, George N. 0000-0003-2188-6798 gbreit@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-6798","contributorId":1480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"George","email":"gbreit@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zupancic, John W.","contributorId":73885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zupancic","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hammack, Richard","contributorId":44449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammack","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70199859,"text":"70199859 - 2013 - Modeling plant species distributions under future climates: how fine scale do climate projections need to be?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-01T14:47:22","indexId":"70199859","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T14:46:36","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling plant species distributions under future climates: how fine scale do climate projections need to be?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent studies suggest that species distribution models (SDMs) based on fine‐scale climate data may provide markedly different estimates of climate‐change impacts than coarse‐scale models. However, these studies disagree in their conclusions of how scale influences projected species distributions. In rugged terrain, coarse‐scale climate grids may not capture topographically controlled climate variation at the scale that constitutes microhabitat or refugia for some species. Although finer scale data are therefore considered to better reflect climatic conditions experienced by species, there have been few formal analyses of how modeled distributions differ with scale. We modeled distributions for 52 plant species endemic to the California Floristic Province of different life forms and range sizes under recent and future climate across a 2000‐fold range of spatial scales (0.008–16&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>). We produced unique current and future climate datasets by separately downscaling 4 km climate models to three finer resolutions based on 800, 270, and 90&nbsp;m digital elevation models and deriving bioclimatic predictors from them. As climate‐data resolution became coarser, SDMs predicted larger habitat area with diminishing spatial congruence between fine‐ and coarse‐scale predictions. These trends were most pronounced at the coarsest resolutions and depended on climate scenario and species' range size. On average, SDMs projected onto 4 km climate data predicted 42% more stable habitat (the amount of spatial overlap between predicted current and future climatically suitable habitat) compared with 800&nbsp;m data. We found only modest agreement between areas predicted to be stable by 90 m models generalized to 4 km grids compared with areas classified as stable based on 4&nbsp;km models, suggesting that some climate refugia captured at finer scales may be missed using coarser scale data. These differences in projected locations of habitat change may have more serious implications than net habitat area when predictive maps form the basis of conservation decision making.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12051","usgsCitation":"Franklin, J., Davis, F.W., Ikegami, M., Syphard, A.D., Flint, L.E., Flint, A.L., and Hannah, L., 2013, Modeling plant species distributions under future climates: how fine scale do climate projections need to be?: Global Change Biology, v. 19, no. 2, p. 473-483, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12051.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"483","ipdsId":"IP-041557","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/75k42636","text":"External Repository"},{"id":357976,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hannah, Lee","contributorId":208392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hannah","given":"Lee","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16938,"text":"Conservation International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70045661,"text":"70045661 - 2013 - Environmental factors that influence cyanobacteria and geosmin occurrence in reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T16:15:47.555142","indexId":"70045661","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T14:07:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Environmental factors that influence cyanobacteria and geosmin occurrence in reservoirs","docAbstract":"Phytoplankton are small to microscopic, free-floating algae that inhabit the open water of freshwater, estuarine, and saltwater systems. In freshwater lake and reservoirs systems, which are the focus of this chapter, phytoplankton communities commonly consist of assemblages of the major taxonomic groups, including green algae, diatoms, dinoflagellates, and cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of single-celled organisms that can exist in a wide range of environments, not just open water, because of their adaptability [1-3]. It is the adaptability of cyanobacteria that enables this group to dominate the phytoplankton community and even form nuisance or harmful blooms under certain environmental conditions [3-6]. In fact, cyanobacteria are predicted to adapt favorably to future climate change in freshwater systems compared to other phytoplankton groups because of their tolerance to rising temperatures, enhanced vertical thermal stratification of aquatic ecosystems, and alterations in seasonal and interannual weather patterns [7, 8]. Understanding those environmental conditions that favor cyanobacterial dominance and bloom formation has been the focus of research throughout the world because of the concomitant production and release of nuisance and toxic cyanobacterial-derived compounds [4-6, 7-10]. However, the complex interaction among the physical, chemical, and biological processes within lakes, reservoirs, and large rivers often makes it difficult to identify primary environmental factors that cause the production and release of these cyanobacterial by-products.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Current perspectives in contaminant hydrology and water resources sustainability","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"inTech","doi":"10.5772/54807","usgsCitation":"Journey, C.A., Beaulieu, K., and Bradley, P.M., 2013, Environmental factors that influence cyanobacteria and geosmin occurrence in reservoirs, chap. <i>of</i> Current perspectives in contaminant hydrology and water resources sustainability, p. 27-55, https://doi.org/10.5772/54807.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"29","ipdsId":"IP-040841","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5772/54807","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Spartanburg County","otherGeospatial":"Lake William C. Bowen, Municipal Reservoir #1","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.183177,35.059373 ], [ -82.183177,35.148127 ], [ -81.94796,35.148127 ], [ -81.94796,35.059373 ], [ -82.183177,35.059373 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fa31e3e4b076c3a8d82644","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beaulieu, Karen M. kmbeauli@usgs.gov","contributorId":2241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaulieu","given":"Karen M.","email":"kmbeauli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048254,"text":"70048254 - 2013 - Preliminary stratigraphy and facies analysis of the Upper Cretaceous Kaguyak Formation, including a brief summary of newly discovered oil stain, upper Alaska Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T15:39:46.197314","indexId":"70048254","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T13:08:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":239,"text":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Preliminary Interpretive Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1F","title":"Preliminary stratigraphy and facies analysis of the Upper Cretaceous Kaguyak Formation, including a brief summary of newly discovered oil stain, upper Alaska Peninsula","docAbstract":"<p>The Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys has an ongoing program aimed at evaluating the Mesozoic forearc stratigraphy, structure, and petroleum systems of lower Cook Inlet. Most of our field studies have focused on the Jurassic component of the petroleum system[this report.] However, in late July and early August of 2012, we initiated a study of the stratigraphy and reservoir potential of the Upper Cretaceous Kaguyak Formation.</p><p><br></p><p>The Kaguyak Formation is locally well exposed on the upper Alaska Peninsula (fig. 25) and was named by Keller and Reiser (1959) for a sequence of interbedded siltstone and sandstone of upper Campanian to Maastrichtian age that they estimated to be 1,450 m thick.Subsequent work by Detterman and Miller (1985) examined 900 m of section and interpreted the unit as the record of a prograding submarine fan.This interpretation of deep-water deposition contrasts with other Upper Cretaceous rocks exposed along the Alaska Peninsula and lower Cook Inlet that are generally described as nonmarine to shallow marine (Detterman and others, 1996; LePain and others, 2012).Based on foraminifera and palynomorphs from the COST No. 1 well, Magoon (1986) concluded that the Upper Cretaceous rocks were deposited in a variety of water depths and environments ranging from upper bathyal to nonmarine. During our recent fieldwork west and south of Fourpeaked Mountain, we similarly encountered markedly varying lithofacies in the Kaguyak Formation (fig. 25), and we also found oil-stained rocks that are consistent with the existence of an active petroleum system in Upper Cretaceous rocks on the upper Alaska Peninsula and in lower Cook Inlet. These field observations are summarized below.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Overview of 2012 field studies: Upper Alaska Peninsula and west side of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska (Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Preliminary Interpretive Report 2013-1)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","usgsCitation":"Wartes, M.A., Decker, P.L., Stanley, R.G., Herriott, T., Helmold, K.P., and Gillis, R., 2013, Preliminary stratigraphy and facies analysis of the Upper Cretaceous Kaguyak Formation, including a brief summary of newly discovered oil stain, upper Alaska Peninsula: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Preliminary Interpretive Report 2013-1F, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-042891","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279183,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/24849"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -154.083333,58.5 ], [ -154.083333,59.0 ], [ -153.166667,59.0 ], [ -153.166667,58.5 ], [ -154.083333,58.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528c96b9e4b0c629af44ddf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wartes, Marwan A.","contributorId":47476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wartes","given":"Marwan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Decker, Paul L.","contributorId":106582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herriott, Trystan M.","contributorId":68845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herriott","given":"Trystan M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helmold, Kenneth P.","contributorId":69456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmold","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gillis, Robert J.","contributorId":69438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillis","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70148070,"text":"70148070 - 2013 - Integration of bed characteristics, geochemical tracers, current measurements, and numerical modeling for assessing the provenance of beach sand in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-09T14:39:36.762609","indexId":"70148070","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integration of bed characteristics, geochemical tracers, current measurements, and numerical modeling for assessing the provenance of beach sand in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System","docAbstract":"<p><span>Over 150</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>million m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of sand-sized sediment has disappeared from the central region of the San Francisco Bay Coastal System during the last half century. This enormous loss may reflect numerous anthropogenic influences, such as watershed damming, bay-fill development, aggregate mining, and dredging. The reduction in Bay sediment also appears to be linked to a reduction in sediment supply and recent widespread erosion of adjacent beaches, wetlands, and submarine environments. A unique, multi-faceted provenance study was performed to definitively establish the primary sources, sinks, and transport pathways of beach-sized sand in the region, thereby identifying the activities and processes that directly limit supply to the outer coast. This integrative program is based on comprehensive surficial sediment sampling of the San Francisco Bay Coastal System, including the seabed, Bay floor, area beaches, adjacent rock units, and major drainages. Analyses of sample morphometrics and biological composition (e.g., Foraminifera) were then integrated with a suite of tracers including&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr and&nbsp;</span><sup>143</sup><span>Nd/</span><sup>144</sup><span>Nd isotopes, rare earth elements, semi-quantitative X-ray diffraction mineralogy, and heavy minerals, and with process-based numerical modeling, in situ current measurements, and bedform asymmetry to robustly determine the provenance of beach-sized sand in the region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2012.11.008","usgsCitation":"Barnard, P., Foxgrover, A.C., Elias, E.P., Erikson, L., Hein, J.R., McGann, M., Mizell, K., Rosenbauer, R.J., Swarzenski, P.W., Takesue, R.K., Wong, F.L., and Woodrow, D., 2013, Integration of bed characteristics, geochemical tracers, current measurements, and numerical modeling for assessing the provenance of beach sand in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System: Marine Geology, v. 345, p. 181-206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2012.11.008.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042895","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300550,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay coastal system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.0084228515625,\n              37.06394430056685\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.168212890625,\n              37.06394430056685\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.168212890625,\n              38.36750215395045\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.0084228515625,\n              38.36750215395045\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.0084228515625,\n              37.06394430056685\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"345","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555c5eb5e4b0a92fa7eacbff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":138921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foxgrover, Amy C. 0000-0003-0638-5776 afoxgrover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0638-5776","contributorId":3261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foxgrover","given":"Amy","email":"afoxgrover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elias, Edwin P.L.","contributorId":47295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erikson, Li H. 0000-0002-8607-7695 lerikson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-7695","contributorId":3170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li H.","email":"lerikson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGann, Mary 0000-0002-3057-2945 mmcgann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":2849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"Mary","email":"mmcgann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mizell, Kira 0000-0002-5066-787X kmizell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-787X","contributorId":4914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mizell","given":"Kira","email":"kmizell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Takesue, Renee K. 0000-0003-1205-0825 rtakesue@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-0825","contributorId":2159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takesue","given":"Renee","email":"rtakesue@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Woodrow, Don dwoodrow@usgs.gov","contributorId":4068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodrow","given":"Don","email":"dwoodrow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":547149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70094691,"text":"70094691 - 2013 - Volatile fluxes through the Big Bend section of the San Andreas Fault, California: helium and carbon-dioxide systematics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-24T10:27:38","indexId":"70094691","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T10:17:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volatile fluxes through the Big Bend section of the San Andreas Fault, California: helium and carbon-dioxide systematics","docAbstract":"To investigate the source of volatiles and their relationship to the San Andreas Fault System (SAFS), 18 groundwater samples were collected from wells near the Big Bend section of the SAFS in southern California and analyzed for helium and carbon abundance and isotopes. Concentrations of <sup>4</sup>He, corrected for air-bubble entrainment, vary from 4.15 to 62.7 (× 10<sup>− 8</sup>) cm<sup>3</sup> STP g<sup>− 1</sup> H<sub>2</sub>O. <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He ratios vary from 0.09 to 3.52 R<sub>A</sub> (where R<sub>A</sub> = air <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He), consistent with up to 44% mantle helium in samples. A subset of 10 samples was analyzed for the major volatile phase (CO<sub>2</sub>) — the hypothesized carrier phase of the helium in the mantle–crust system: CO<sub>2</sub>/<sup>3</sup>He ratios vary from 0.614 to 142 (× 10<sup>11</sup>), and δ<sup>13</sup>C (CO<sub>2</sub>) values vary from − 21.5 to − 11.9‰ (vs. PDB).\n\n<sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He ratios and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations are highest in the wells located in the Mil Potrero and Cuddy valleys adjacent to the SAFS. The elevated <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He ratios are interpreted to be a consequence of a mantle volatile flux though the SAFS diluted by radiogenic He produced in the crust. Samples with the highest <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He ratios also had the lowest CO<sub>2</sub>/<sup>3</sup>He ratios. The combined helium isotope, He–CO<sub>2</sub> elemental relationships, and δ<sup>13</sup>C (CO<sub>2</sub>) values of the groundwater volatiles reveal a mixture of mantle and deep crustal (metamorphic) fluid origins. The flux of fluids into the seismogenic zone at high hydrostatic pressure may cause fault rupture, and transfer volatiles into the shallow crust.\n\nWe calculate an upward fluid flow rate of 147 mm a<sup>− 1</sup> along the SAFS, up to 37 times higher than previous estimates (Kennedy et al., 1997). However, using newly identified characteristics of the SAFS, we calculate a total flux of <sup>3</sup>He along the SAFS of 7.4 × 103 cm<sup>3</sup> STP a<sup>− 1</sup> (0.33 mol <sup>3</sup>He a<sup>− 1</sup>), and a CO<sub>2</sub> flux of 1.5 × 10<sup>13</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>STP a<sup>− 1</sup> (6.6 × 10<sup>8</sup> mol a<sup>− 1</sup>), ~ 1% of previous estimates. Lower fluxes along the Big Bend section of the SAFS suggest that the flux of mantle volatiles alone is insufficient to cause the super hydrostatic pressure in the seismogenic zone; however, results identify crustal (metamorphic) fluids as a major component of the CO<sub>2</sub> volatile budget, which may represent the additional flux necessary for fault weakening pressure in the SAFS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.007","usgsCitation":"Kulongoski, J., Hilton, D., Barry, P., Esser, B.K., Hillegonds, D., and Belitz, K., 2013, Volatile fluxes through the Big Bend section of the San Andreas Fault, California: helium and carbon-dioxide systematics: Chemical Geology, v. 339, p. 92-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.007.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-037023","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282653,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.007"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,34.666667 ], [ -120.0,35.333333 ], [ -119.0,35.333333 ], [ -119.0,34.666667 ], [ -120.0,34.666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"339","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7b28e4b0b2908510df3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":94750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hilton, David R.","contributorId":80134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilton","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barry, Peter H.","contributorId":66596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"Peter H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esser, Bradley K.","contributorId":33161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esser","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hillegonds, Darren","contributorId":85085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillegonds","given":"Darren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70045621,"text":"70045621 - 2013 - You're standing on it!  Coal-tar-based pavement sealcoat and environmental and human health","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-12T13:59:03","indexId":"70045621","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5135,"text":"APWA Reporter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"You're standing on it!  Coal-tar-based pavement sealcoat and environmental and human health","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Coal-tar-based sealcoat&mdash;a product marketed to protect and beautify asphalt pavement&mdash;is a potent source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to air, soils, streams and lakes, and homes. Does its use present a risk to human health?</span></p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Results from a new study by researchers from Baylor University and the USGS indicate that living adjacent to a coal-tar-sealed pavement is associated with significant increases in estimated excess lifetime cancer risk, and that much of the increased risk occurs during early childhood.</span></p>","publisher":"American Public Works Association","publisherLocation":"Kansas City, Mo.","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., and Van Metre, P., 2013, You're standing on it!  Coal-tar-based pavement sealcoat and environmental and human health: APWA Reporter, p. 64-66.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042783","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325106,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://issuu.com/apwa/docs/201302_reporteronline/67?e=0","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579dd075e4b0589fa1cbdfb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. pcvanmet@usgs.gov","contributorId":486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","email":"pcvanmet@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043201,"text":"70043201 - 2013 - Use of classification trees to apportion single echo detections to species: Application to the pelagic fish community of Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-03T10:56:30","indexId":"70043201","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of classification trees to apportion single echo detections to species: Application to the pelagic fish community of Lake Superior","docAbstract":"Acoustic methods are used to estimate the density of pelagic fish in large lakes with results of midwater trawling used to assign species composition. Apportionment in lakes having mixed species can be challenging because only a small fraction of the water sampled acoustically is sampled with trawl gear. Here we describe a new method where single echo detections (SEDs) are assigned to species based on classification tree models developed from catch data that separate species based on fish size and the spatial habitats they occupy. During the summer of 2011, we conducted a spatially-balanced lake-wide acoustic and midwater trawl survey of Lake Superior. A total of 51 sites in four bathymetric depth strata (0–30 m, 30–100 m, 100–200 m, and >200 m) were sampled. We developed classification tree models for each stratum and found fish length was the most important variable for separating species. To apply these trees to the acoustic data, we needed to identify a target strength to length (TS-to-L) relationship appropriate for all abundant Lake Superior pelagic species. We tested performance of 7 general (i.e., multi-species) relationships derived from three published studies. The best-performing relationship was identified by comparing predicted and observed catch compositions using a second independent Lake Superior data set. Once identified, the relationship was used to predict lengths of SEDs from the lake-wide survey, and the classification tree models were used to assign each SED to a species. Exotic rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) were the most common species at bathymetric depths <100 m with their population estimated at 755 million (3.4 kt). Kiyi (Coregonus kiyi) were the most abundant species at depths >100 m (384 million; 6.0 kt). Cisco (Coregonus artedi) were widely distributed over all strata with their population estimated at 182 million (44 kt). The apportionment method we describe should be transferable to other large lakes provided fish are not tightly aggregated, and an appropriate TS-to-L relationship for abundant pelagic fish species can be determined.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2012.12.012","usgsCitation":"Yule, D., Adams, J.V., Hrabik, T.R., Vinson, M., Woiak, Z., and Ahrenstroff, T.D., 2013, Use of classification trees to apportion single echo detections to species: Application to the pelagic fish community of Lake Superior: Fisheries Research, v. 140, p. 123-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2012.12.012.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"132","ipdsId":"IP-043013","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273085,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2012.12.012"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.562,46.4146 ], [ -89.562,48.8488 ], [ -84.354,48.8488 ], [ -84.354,46.4146 ], [ -89.562,46.4146 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"140","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51adbaebe4b07c214e64bd4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yule, Daniel L.","contributorId":92130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hrabik, Thomas R.","contributorId":35614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hrabik","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6915,"text":"University of Minnesota - Duluth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":473154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vinson, Mark R.","contributorId":91774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinson","given":"Mark R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woiak, Zebadiah","contributorId":37232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woiak","given":"Zebadiah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ahrenstroff, Tyler D.","contributorId":64540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahrenstroff","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70042831,"text":"70042831 - 2013 - Crowdsourcing to Acquire Hydrologic Data and Engage Citizen Scientists: CrowdHydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-10T15:02:15","indexId":"70042831","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crowdsourcing to Acquire Hydrologic Data and Engage Citizen Scientists: CrowdHydrology","docAbstract":"Spatially and temporally distributed measurements of processes, such as baseflow at the watershed scale, come at substantial equipment and personnel cost. Research presented here focuses on building a crowdsourced database of inexpensive distributed stream stage measurements. Signs on staff gauges encourage citizen scientists to voluntarily send hydrologic measurements (e.g., stream stage) via text message to a server that stores and displays the data on the web. Based on the crowdsourced stream stage, we evaluate the accuracy of citizen scientist measurements and measurement approach. The results show that crowdsourced data collection is a supplemental method for collecting hydrologic data and a promising method of public engagement.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00956.x","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., and Lowry, C., 2013, Crowdsourcing to Acquire Hydrologic Data and Engage Citizen Scientists: CrowdHydrology: Ground Water, v. 51, no. 1, p. 151-156, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00956.x.","startPage":"151","endPage":"156","ipdsId":"IP-037685","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269036,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00956.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd537ae4b0b290850f52d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowry, Chris","contributorId":67387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowry","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70155202,"text":"70155202 - 2013 - Using isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon species and water to separate sources of recharge in a cave spring, northwestern Arkansas, USA Blowing Spring Cave","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-05T10:40:45","indexId":"70155202","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":628,"text":"Acta Carsologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon species and water to separate sources of recharge in a cave spring, northwestern Arkansas, USA Blowing Spring Cave","docAbstract":"<p><span>Blowing Spring Cave in northwestern Arkansas is representative of cave systems in the karst of the Ozark Plateaus, and stable isotopes of water (&delta;18O and &delta;2H) and inorganic carbon (&delta;13C) were used to quantify soil-water, bedrock-matrix water, and precipitation contributions to cave-spring flow during storm events to understand controls on cave water quality. Water samples from recharge-zone soils and the cave were collected from March to May 2012 to implement a multicomponent hydrograph separation approach using &delta;18O and &delta;2H of water and dissolved inorganic carbon (&delta;13C&ndash;DIC). During baseflow, median &delta;2H and &delta;18O compositions were &ndash;41.6&permil; and &ndash;6.2&permil; for soil water and were &ndash;37.2&permil; and &ndash;5.9&permil; for cave water, respectively. Median DIC concentrations for soil and cave waters were 1.8 mg/L and 25.0 mg/L, respectively, and median &delta;13C&ndash;DIC compositions were &ndash;19.9&permil; and &ndash;14.3&permil;, respectively. During a March storm event, 12.2 cm of precipitation fell over 82 h and discharge increased from 0.01 to 0.59 m3/s. The isotopic composition of precipitation varied throughout the storm event because of rainout, a change of 50&permil; and 10&permil; for &delta;2H and &delta;18O was observed, respectively. Although, at the spring, &delta;2H and &delta;18O only changed by approximately 3&permil; and 1&permil;, respectively. The isotopic compositions of precipitation and pre-event (i.e., soil and bedrock matrix) water were isotopically similar and the two-component hydrograph separation was inaccurate, either overestimating (&gt;100%) or underestimating (&lt;0%) the precipitation contribution to the spring. During the storm event, spring DIC and &delta;13C&ndash;DIC decreased to a minimum of 8.6 mg/L and &ndash;16.2&permil;, respectively. If the contribution from precipitation was assumed to be zero, soil water was found to contribute between 23 to 72% of the total volume of discharge. Although the assumption of negligible contributions from precipitation is unrealistic, especially in karst systems where rapid flow through conduits occurs, the hydrograph separation using inorganic carbon highlights the importance of considering vadose-zone soil water when analyzing storm chemohydrographs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Acta Carsologica","doi":"10.3986/ac.v42i2-3.667","usgsCitation":"Knierim, K., Pollock, E., and Hays, P.D., 2013, Using isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon species and water to separate sources of recharge in a cave spring, northwestern Arkansas, USA Blowing Spring Cave: Acta Carsologica, v. 42, no. 2-3, p. 261-276, https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v42i2-3.667.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"276","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046215","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v42i2-3.667","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","city":"Bella Vista","otherGeospatial":"Blowing Spring","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.37736511230469,\n              36.40028364332349\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.37736511230469,\n              36.49914942301417\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.15901184082031,\n              36.49914942301417\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.15901184082031,\n              36.40028364332349\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.37736511230469,\n              36.40028364332349\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"2-3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c333b0e4b033ef52106aa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knierim, Katherine J. kknierim@usgs.gov","contributorId":5991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knierim","given":"Katherine J.","email":"kknierim@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, Erik","contributorId":146296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Erik","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hays, Phillip D. 0000-0001-5491-9272 pdhays@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-9272","contributorId":4145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"Phillip","email":"pdhays@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176182,"text":"70176182 - 2013 - Mapping river bathymetry with a small footprint green LiDAR:  Applications and challenges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-07T14:45:13","indexId":"70176182","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping river bathymetry with a small footprint green LiDAR:  Applications and challenges","docAbstract":"Airborne bathymetric Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) systems designed for coastal and marine surveys are increasingly sought after for high-resolution mapping of fluvial systems. To evaluate the potential utility of bathymetric LiDAR for applications of this kind, we compared detailed surveys collected using wading and sonar techniques with measurements from the United States Geological Survey’s hybrid topographic⁄ bathymetric Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LiDAR (EAARL). These comparisons, based upon data collected from the Trinity and Klamath Rivers, California, and the Colorado River, Colorado, demonstrated\nthat environmental conditions and postprocessing algorithms can influence the accuracy and utility of these surveys and must be given consideration. These factors can lead to mapping errors that can have a direct bearing on derivative analyses such as hydraulic modeling and habitat assessment. We discuss the water and substrate characteristics of the sites, compare the conventional and remotely sensed river-bed topographies, and investigate the laser waveforms reflected from submerged targets to provide an evaluation as to the suitability and accuracy of the EAARL system and associated processing algorithms for riverine mapping applications.","language":"English","publisher":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12008","usgsCitation":"Kinzel, P.J., Legleiter, C.J., and Nelson, J.M., 2013, Mapping river bathymetry with a small footprint green LiDAR:  Applications and challenges: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 49, no. 1, p. 183-204, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"204","ipdsId":"IP-038143","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7ffbae4b0f2f0cebfc2f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinzel, Paul J. 0000-0002-6076-9730 pjkinzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-9730","contributorId":743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"Paul","email":"pjkinzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Legleiter, Carl J. 0000-0003-0940-8013 cjl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-8013","contributorId":169002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legleiter","given":"Carl","email":"cjl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70193602,"text":"70193602 - 2013 - The utility of atmospheric analyses for the mitigation of artifacts in InSAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T16:06:14","indexId":"70193602","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The utility of atmospheric analyses for the mitigation of artifacts in InSAR","docAbstract":"<p><span>The numerical weather models (NWMs) developed by the meteorological community are able to provide accurate analyses of the current state of the atmosphere in addition to the predictions of the future state. To date, most attempts to apply the NWMs to estimate the refractivity of the atmosphere at the time of satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquisitions have relied on predictive models. We test the hypothesis that performing a final assimilative routine, ingesting all available meteorological observations for the times of SAR acquisitions, and generating customized analyses of the atmosphere at those times will better mitigate atmospheric artifacts in differential interferograms. We find that, for our study area around Mount St. Helens (Amboy, Washington, USA), this approach is unable to model the refractive changes and provides no mean benefit for interferogram analysis. The performance is improved slightly by ingesting atmospheric delay estimates derived from the limited local GPS network; however, the addition of water vapor products from the GOES satellites reduces the quality of the corrections. We interpret our results to indicate that, even with this advanced approach, NWMs are not a reliable mitigation technique for regions such as Mount St. Helens with highly variable moisture fields and complex topography and atmospheric dynamics. It is possible, however, that the addition of more spatially dense meteorological data to constrain the analyses might significantly improve the performance of weather modeling of atmospheric artifacts in satellite radar interferograms.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/jgrb.50093","usgsCitation":"Foster, J., Kealy, J., Cherubini, T., Businger, S., Lu, Z., and Murphy, M., 2013, The utility of atmospheric analyses for the mitigation of artifacts in InSAR: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 118, no. 2, p. 748-758, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50093.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"748","endPage":"758","ipdsId":"IP-044768","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11603/40220","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348134,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eaee4b0531197b27fe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, James","contributorId":38598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kealy, John","contributorId":199761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kealy","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cherubini, Tiziana","contributorId":199762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cherubini","given":"Tiziana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Businger, S.","contributorId":65331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Businger","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":719967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Murphy, Michael","contributorId":199763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70192218,"text":"70192218 - 2013 - Site Response and Basin Waves in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T19:56:48.205307","indexId":"70192218","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site Response and Basin Waves in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta is an inland delta at the western extent of the Central Valley. Levees were built around swampy islands starting after the Civil War to reclaim these lands for farming. Various studies show that these levees could fail in concert from shaking from a major local or regional earthquake resulting in salty water from the San Francisco Bay contaminating the water in the Delta. We installed seismographs around the Delta and on levees to assess the contribution of site response to the seismic hazard of the levees. Cone penetrometer testing shows that the upper 10&nbsp;s of meters of soil in the Delta have shear‐wave velocities of about 200  m/s, which would give a strong site response. Seismographs were sited following two strategies: pairs of stations to compare the response of the levees to nearby sites, and a more regional deployment in the Delta. Site response was determined in two different ways: a traditional spectral ratio (TSR) approach of&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>waves using station BDM of the Berkeley Digital Seismic Net as a reference site, and using<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>SH</i><span>/</span><i>SV</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios of noise (or Nakamura’s method). Both estimates usually agree in spectral character for stations whose response is dominated by a resonant peak, but the most obvious peaks in the<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>SH</i><span>/</span><i>SV</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios usually are about two‐thirds as large as the main peaks in the TSRs. Levee sites typically have large narrow resonances in the site response function compared to sites in the farmland of the Delta. These resonances, at a frequency of about 1–3&nbsp;Hz, have amplitudes of about 15 with TSR and 10–12 with Nakamura’s method. Sites on farmland in the Delta also have amplifications, but these are typically broader and not as resonant in appearance. Late (slow) Rayleigh waves were recorded at stations in the Delta, have a dominant period of about one second, and are highly monochromatic. Results from a three‐station array at the Holland Marina suggest that they have a phase velocity of about 600  m/s and arrive at about the same azimuth as the straight‐line back azimuth to the source. A dispersion curve determined for the basin or valley waves yields a shallow velocity profile that increases from about 350  m/s in the upper 0.2&nbsp;km to about 1.1  km/s at a depth of about 2&nbsp;km.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120110347","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, J.P., and Boatwright, J., 2013, Site Response and Basin Waves in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 103, no. 1, p. 196-210, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110347.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"196","endPage":"210","ipdsId":"IP-026726","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381518,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.28744506835938,\n              37.0333\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.0667,\n              37.0333\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.0667,\n              38.16587506003647\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.28744506835938,\n              38.16587506003647\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.28744506835938,\n              37.0333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bbde4b0531197afa038","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, Jon Peter B. 0000-0001-8885-6177 jfletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-6177","contributorId":1216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"jfletcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boatwright, John 0000-0002-6931-5241 boat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6931-5241","contributorId":1938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"John","email":"boat@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044758,"text":"70044758 - 2013 - Rapid runoff via shallow throughflow and deeper preferential flow in a boreal catchment underlain by frozen silt (Alaska, USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:49:36","indexId":"70044758","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid runoff via shallow throughflow and deeper preferential flow in a boreal catchment underlain by frozen silt (Alaska, USA)","docAbstract":"In high-latitude catchments where permafrost is present, runoff dynamics are complicated by seasonal active-layer thaw, which may cause a change in the dominant flowpaths as water increasingly contacts mineral soils of low hydraulic conductivity. A 2-year study, conducted in an upland catchment in Alaska (USA) underlain by frozen, well-sorted eolian silt, examined changes in infiltration and runoff with thaw. It was hypothesized that rapid runoff would be maintained by flow through shallow soils during the early summer and deeper preferential flow later in the summer. Seasonal changes in soil moisture, infiltration, and runoff magnitude, location, and chemistry suggest that transport is rapid, even when soils are thawed to their maximum extent. Between June and September, a shift occurred in the location of runoff, consistent with subsurface preferential flow in steep and wet areas. Uranium isotopes suggest that late summer runoff erodes permafrost, indicating that substantial rapid flow may occur along the frozen boundary. Together, throughflow and deep preferential flow may limit upland boreal catchment water and solute storage, and subsequently biogeochemical cycling on seasonal to annual timescales. Deep preferential flow may be important for stream incision, network drainage development, and the release of ancient carbon to ecosystems","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-012-0934-3","usgsCitation":"Koch, J.C., Ewing, S.A., Striegl, R.G., and McKnight, D.M., 2013, Rapid runoff via shallow throughflow and deeper preferential flow in a boreal catchment underlain by frozen silt (Alaska, USA): Hydrogeology Journal, v. 21, no. 1, p. 93-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0934-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"14","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037392","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272216,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0934-3"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.00000,54.666667 ], [ 173.00000,71.833333 ], [ -130.00000,71.833333 ], [ -130.00000,54.666667 ], [ 173.00000,54.666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6f2ce4b0b29085106405","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koch, Joshua C. 0000-0001-7180-6982 jkoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-6982","contributorId":202532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Joshua","email":"jkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ewing, Stephanie A.","contributorId":50065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewing","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":476290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043345,"text":"70043345 - 2013 - Effects of drought on birds and riparian vegetation in the Colorado River Delta, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T14:58:53","indexId":"70043345","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of drought on birds and riparian vegetation in the Colorado River Delta, Mexico","docAbstract":"The riparian corridor in the delta of the Colorado River in Mexico supports internationally important bird habitat. The vegetation is maintained by surface flows from the U.S. and Mexico and by a high, non-saline aquifer into which the dominant phreatophytic shrubs and trees are rooted. We studied the effects of a regional drought on riparian vegetation and avian abundance and diversity from 2002 to 2007, during which time surface flows were markedly reduced compared to the period from 1995 to 2002. Reduced surface flows led to a reduction in native tree cover but an increase in shrub cover, mostly due to an increase in Tamarix spp., an introduced halophytic shrub, and a reduction in Populus fremontii and Salix gooddingii trees. However, overall vegetation cover was unchanged at about 70%. Overall bird density and diversity were also unchanged, but riparian-obligate species tended to decrease in abundance, and generalist species increased. Although reduction in surface flows reduced habitat value and negatively impacted riparian-obligate bird species, portions of the riparian zone exhibited resilience. Surface flows are required to reduce soil salt levels and germinate new cohorts of native trees, but the main source of water supporting this ecosystem is the aquifer, derived from underflows from irrigated fields in the U.S. and Mexico. The long-term prospects for delta riparian habitats are uncertain due to expected reduced flows of river water from climate change, and land use practices that will reduce underflows to the riparian aquifer and increase salinity levels. Active restoration programs would be needed if these habitats are to be preserved for the future.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.082","usgsCitation":"Hinojosa-Huerta, O., Nagler, P.L., Carrillo-Guererro, Y.K., and Glenn, E.P., 2013, Effects of drought on birds and riparian vegetation in the Colorado River Delta, Mexico: Ecological Engineering, v. 51, p. 275-281, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.082.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"281","ipdsId":"IP-015915","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273267,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273263,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.082"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.765,31.126 ], [ -116.765,32.458 ], [ -114.739,32.458 ], [ -114.739,31.126 ], [ -116.765,31.126 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51af0c68e4b08a3322c2c2bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinojosa-Huerta, Osvel","contributorId":12762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinojosa-Huerta","given":"Osvel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carrillo-Guererro, Yamilett K.","contributorId":54098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrillo-Guererro","given":"Yamilett","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043348,"text":"70043348 - 2013 - Biodiversity losses and conservation trade-offs: Assessing future urban growth scenarios for a North American trade corridor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T11:11:06","indexId":"70043348","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2029,"text":"International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biodiversity losses and conservation trade-offs: Assessing future urban growth scenarios for a North American trade corridor","docAbstract":"The Sonoran Desert and Apache Highlands ecoregions of North America are areas of exceptionally high plant and vertebrate biodiversity. However, much of the vertebrate biodiversity is supported by only a few vegetation types with limited distributions, some of which are increasingly threatened by changing land uses. We assessed the impacts of two future urban growth scenarios on biodiversity in a binational watershed in Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico. We quantified and mapped terrestrial vertebrate species richness using Wildlife Habitat Relation models and validated the results with data from National Park Service biological inventories. Future urban growth, based on historical trends, was projected to the year 2050 for 1) a “Current Trends” scenario and, 2) a “Megalopolis” scenario that represented a transnational growth corridor with open-space conservation attributes. Based on Current Trends, 45% of existing riparian woodland (267 of 451species), and 34% of semi-desert grasslands (215 of 451 species) will be lost, whereas, in the Megalopolis scenario, these types would decline by 44% and 24% respectively. Outcomes of the two models suggest a trade-off at the taxonomic class level: Current Trends would reduce and fragment mammal and herpetofauna habitat, while Megalopolis would result in loss of avian-rich riparian habitat.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/21513732.2013.770800","usgsCitation":"Villarreal, M.L., Norman, L.M., Wallace, C., and Boykin, K.G., 2013, Biodiversity losses and conservation trade-offs: Assessing future urban growth scenarios for a North American trade corridor: International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services and Management, v. 9, no. 2, p. 90-103, https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2013.770800.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"103","ipdsId":"IP-035555","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2013.770800","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":267585,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269905,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2013.770800"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511f6709e4b03b29402c5da0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villarreal, Miguel L. 0000-0003-0720-1422 mvillarreal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0720-1422","contributorId":1424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villarreal","given":"Miguel","email":"mvillarreal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406 lnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"lnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, Cynthia S.A. cwallace@usgs.gov","contributorId":3335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Cynthia S.A.","email":"cwallace@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boykin, Kenneth G. 0000-0001-6381-0463","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6381-0463","contributorId":43651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boykin","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043583,"text":"70043583 - 2013 - Frequency and Severity of Trauma in Fishes Subjected to Multiple-pass Depletion Electrofishing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-17T19:49:21","indexId":"70043583","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frequency and Severity of Trauma in Fishes Subjected to Multiple-pass Depletion Electrofishing","docAbstract":"The incidence and severity of trauma associated with multiple-pass electrofishing and the effects on short-term (30-d) survival and growth of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, and five representative co-inhabiting nontarget or bycatch species were examined. Fish were held in four rectangular fiberglass tanks (190 × 66 cm) equipped with electrodes, a gravel–cobble stream substrate, and continuous water flow. Fish were exposed to one, two, or three electroshocks (100-V, 60-Hz pulsed DC) spaced 1 h apart or were held as a control. The heterogeneous field produced a mean (±SD) voltage gradient of 0.23 ± 0.024 V/cm (range = 0.20–0.30 V/cm) with a duty cycle of 30% and a 5-s exposure. Radiographs of 355 fish were examined for evidence of spinal injuries, and necropsies were performed on 303 fish to assess hemorrhagic trauma in soft tissue. Using linear regression, we demonstrated significant relationships between the number of electrical shocks and the frequency and severity of hemorrhagic and spinal trauma in each of the nontarget species (Potomac Sculpin Cottus girardi, Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus, Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas, Green Sunfish Lepomis cyanellus, and Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides). Most of the injuries in these species were either minor or moderate. Rainbow Trout and Brook Trout generally sustained the highest incidence and severity of injuries, but those injuries were generally independent of the number of treatments. The 30-d postshock survival for the trout species was greater than 94%; survival for the bycatch species ranged from 80% (Fathead Minnow) to 100% (Green Sunfish and Channel Catfish). There were no significant differences in 30-d postshock condition factors despite observations of altered feeding behavior lasting several days to 1 week posttreatment in several of the study species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2012.754803","usgsCitation":"Panek, F., and Densmore, C.L., 2013, Frequency and Severity of Trauma in Fishes Subjected to Multiple-pass Depletion Electrofishing: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 33, no. 1, p. 178-185, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.754803.","startPage":"178","endPage":"185","ipdsId":"IP-041634","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267611,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.754803"},{"id":267612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512209f0e4b0b37542fda866","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panek, Frank fpanek@usgs.gov","contributorId":791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panek","given":"Frank","email":"fpanek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Christine L. 0000-0001-6440-0781 cdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6440-0781","contributorId":4560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","email":"cdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042722,"text":"ds706 - 2013 - Groundwater-quality data in the Western San Joaquin Valley study unit, 2010 - Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-07T17:03:41.974307","indexId":"ds706","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"706","title":"Groundwater-quality data in the Western San Joaquin Valley study unit, 2010 - Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the approximately 2,170-square-mile Western San Joaquin Valley (WSJV) study unit was investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from March to July 2010, as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program's Priority Basin Project (PBP). The GAMA-PBP was developed in response to the California Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted in collaboration with the SWRCB and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The WSJV study unit was the twenty-ninth study unit to be sampled as part of the GAMA-PBP. The GAMA Western San Joaquin Valley study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of untreated-groundwater quality in the primary aquifer system, and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of untreated groundwater quality throughout California. The primary aquifer system is defined as parts of aquifers corresponding to the perforation intervals of wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database for the WSJV study unit. Groundwater quality in the primary aquifer system may differ from the quality in the shallower or deeper water-bearing zones; shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to surficial contamination. In the WSJV study unit, groundwater samples were collected from 58 wells in 2 study areas (Delta-Mendota subbasin and Westside subbasin) in Stanislaus, Merced, Madera, Fresno, and Kings Counties. Thirty-nine of the wells were selected by using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells), and 19 wells were selected to aid in the understanding of aquifer-system flow and related groundwater-quality issues (understanding wells). The groundwater samples were analyzed for organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOCs], low-level fumigants, and pesticides and pesticide degradates), constituents of special interest (perchlorate, <i>N</i>-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA], and 1,2,3-trichloropropane [1,2,3-TCP]), and naturally occurring inorganic constituents (trace elements, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon [DOC], major and minor ions, silica, total dissolved solids [TDS], alkalinity, total arsenic and iron [unfiltered] and arsenic, chromium, and iron species [filtered]). Isotopic tracers (stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, and boron in water, stable isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen in dissolved nitrate, stable isotopes of sulfur in dissolved sulfate, isotopic ratios of strontium in water, stable isotopes of carbon in dissolved inorganic carbon, activities of tritium, and carbon-14 abundance), dissolved standard gases (methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, and argon), and dissolved noble gases (argon, helium-4, krypton, neon, and xenon) were measured to help identify sources and ages of sampled groundwater. In total, 245 constituents and 8 water-quality indicators were measured. Quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, or matrix spikes) were collected at 16 percent of the wells in the WSJV study unit, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data from the groundwater samples. Blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination from sample collection procedures was not a significant source of bias in the data for the groundwater samples. Replicate samples all were within acceptable limits of variability. Matrix-spike recoveries were within the acceptable range (70 to 130 percent) for approximately 87 percent of the compounds. This study did not evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers. After withdrawal, groundwater typically is treated, disinfected, and (or) blended with other waters to maintain water quality. Regulatory benchmarks apply to water that is delivered to the consumer, not to untreated groundwater. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the untreated groundwater were compared with regulatory and non-regulatory health-based benchmarks established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and CDPH, and to non-regulatory benchmarks established for aesthetic concerns by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and benchmarks for drinking water are for illustrative purposes only and are not indicative of compliance or non-compliance with those benchmarks. Most inorganic constituents detected in groundwater samples from the 39 grid wells were detected at concentrations less than health-based benchmarks. Detections of organic and special-interest constituents from grid wells sampled in the WSJV study unit also were less than health-based benchmarks. In total, VOCs were detected in 12 of the 39 grid wells sampled (approximately 31 percent), pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in 9 grid wells (approximately 23 percent), and perchlorate was detected in 15 grid wells (approximately 38 percent). Trace elements, major and minor ions, and nutrients were sampled for at 39 grid wells; most concentrations were less than health-based benchmarks. Exceptions include two detections of arsenic greater than the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US) of 10 micrograms per liter (&mu;g/L), 20 detections of boron greater than the CDPH notification level (NL-CA) of 1,000 &mu;g/L, 2 detections of molybdenum greater than the USEPA lifetime health advisory level (HAL-US) of 40 &mu;g/L, 1 detection of selenium greater than the MCL-US of 50 &mu;g/L, 2 detections of strontium greater than the HAL-US of 4,000 &mu;g/L, and 3 detections of nitrate greater than the MCL-US of 10 &mu;g/L. Results for inorganic constituents with non-health-based benchmarks (iron, manganese, chloride, sulfate, and TDS) showed that iron concentrations greater than the CDPH secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL-CA) of 300 &mu;g/L were detected in five grid wells. Manganese concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA of 50 &mu;g/L were detected in 16 grid wells. Chloride concentrations greater than the recommended SMCL-CA benchmark of 250 milligrams per liter (mg/L) were detected in 14 grid wells, and concentrations in 5 of these wells also were greater than the upper SMCL-CA benchmark of 500 mg/L. Sulfate concentrations greater than the recommended SMCL-CA benchmark of 250 mg/L were measured in 21 grid wells, and concentrations in 13 of these wells also were greater than the SMCL-CA upper benchmark of 500 mg/L. TDS concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA recommended benchmark of 500 mg/L were measured in 36 grid wells, and concentrations in 20 of these wells also were greater than the SMCL-CA upper benchmark of 1,000 mg/L.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds706","collaboration":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program; Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Mathany, T., Landon, M.K., Shelton, J.L., and Belitz, K., 2013, Groundwater-quality data in the Western San Joaquin Valley study unit, 2010 - Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 706, x, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds706.","productDescription":"x, 104 p.","numberOfPages":"116","ipdsId":"IP-027484","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266860,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/706/"},{"id":266861,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/706/pdf/ds706.pdf"},{"id":504108,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98125.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":266862,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_706.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"510b9279e4b0947afa3c8540","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mathany, Timothy M. 0000-0002-4747-5113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-5113","contributorId":99949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathany","given":"Timothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043030,"text":"ofr20131019 - 2013 - Initial results from a reconnaissance of cyanobacteria and associated toxins in Illinois, August--October 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-31T09:59:23","indexId":"ofr20131019","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1019","title":"Initial results from a reconnaissance of cyanobacteria and associated toxins in Illinois, August--October 2012","docAbstract":"Ten lakes and two rivers in Illinois were sampled in August–October 2012 to determine the concentrations and spatial distribution of cyanobacteria and associated cyanotoxins throughout the State. The reconnaissance was a collaborative effort of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. Sample results indicated that concentrations of both total cyanobacterial cells and microcystin were commonly at levels likely to result in adverse human health effects, according to World Health Organization guidance values. Concentrations generally decreased from August to October following precipitation events and lower temperatures.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131019","usgsCitation":"Terrio, P.J., Ostrodka, L.M., Loftin, K.A., Good, G., and Holland, T., 2013, Initial results from a reconnaissance of cyanobacteria and associated toxins in Illinois, August--October 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1019, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131019.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-08-01","temporalEnd":"2012-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266789,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1019.gif"},{"id":266787,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1019/"},{"id":266788,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1019/pdf/ofr2013-1019.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.51,36.97 ], [ -91.51,42.51 ], [ -87.5,42.51 ], [ -87.5,36.97 ], [ -91.51,36.97 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"510b927de4b0947afa3c8544","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terrio, Paul J. 0000-0002-1515-9570 pjterrio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1515-9570","contributorId":3313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrio","given":"Paul","email":"pjterrio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ostrodka, Lenna M.","contributorId":6350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostrodka","given":"Lenna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Good, Gregg","contributorId":65356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Good","given":"Gregg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holland, Teri","contributorId":38448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"Teri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70189181,"text":"70189181 - 2013 - Evaluating model structure adequacy: The case of the Maggia Valley groundwater system, southern Switzerland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T15:03:29","indexId":"70189181","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating model structure adequacy: The case of the Maggia Valley groundwater system, southern Switzerland","docAbstract":"Model adequacy is evaluated with alternative models rated using model selection criteria (AICc, BIC, and KIC) and three other statistics. Model selection criteria are tested with cross-validation experiments and insights for using alternative models to evaluate model structural adequacy are provided. The study is conducted using the computer codes UCODE_2005 and MMA (MultiModel Analysis). One recharge alternative is simulated using the TOPKAPI hydrological model. The predictions evaluated include eight heads and three flows located where ecological consequences and model precision are of concern. Cross-validation is used to obtain measures of prediction accuracy. Sixty-four models were designed deterministically and differ in representation of river, recharge, bedrock topography, and hydraulic conductivity. Results include: (1) What may seem like inconsequential choices in model construction may be important to predictions. Analysis of predictions from alternative models is advised. (2) None of the model selection criteria consistently identified models with more accurate predictions. This is a disturbing result that suggests to reconsider the utility of model selection criteria, and/or the cross-validation measures used in this work to measure model accuracy. (3) KIC displayed poor performance for the present regression problems; theoretical considerations suggest that difficulties are associated with wide variations in the sensitivity term of KIC resulting from the models being nonlinear and the problems being ill-posed due to parameter correlations and insensitivity. The other criteria performed somewhat better, and similarly to each other. (4) Quantities with high leverage are more difficult to predict. The results are expected to be generally applicable to models of environmental systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Water Resources Research","doi":"10.1029/2011WR011779","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., Foglia, L., Mehl, S.W., and Burlando, P., 2013, Evaluating model structure adequacy: The case of the Maggia Valley groundwater system, southern Switzerland: Water Resources Research, v. 49, no. 1, p. 260-282, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011779.","productDescription":"23 p. ","startPage":"260","endPage":"282","ipdsId":"IP-042379","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr011779","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Switzerland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              8.460845947265625,\n              46.095138483907725\n            ],\n            [\n              9.010162353515623,\n              46.095138483907725\n            ],\n            [\n              9.010162353515623,\n              46.46813299215554\n            ],\n            [\n              8.460845947265625,\n              46.46813299215554\n            ],\n            [\n              8.460845947265625,\n              46.095138483907725\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c44e4b0d1f9f057e36e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foglia, L.","contributorId":194179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foglia","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mehl, S. W.","contributorId":194181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mehl","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Burlando, P.","contributorId":194180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burlando","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70043022,"text":"sir20135005 - 2013 - Water quality, streamflow conditions, and annual flow-duration curves for streams of the San Juan–Chama Project, southern Colorado and northern New Mexico, 1935-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-31T09:06:42","indexId":"sir20135005","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5005","title":"Water quality, streamflow conditions, and annual flow-duration curves for streams of the San Juan–Chama Project, southern Colorado and northern New Mexico, 1935-2010","docAbstract":"The Albuquerque–Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority supplements the municipal water supply for the Albuquerque metropolitan area, in central New Mexico, with water diverted from the Rio Grande. Water diverted from the Rio Grande for municipal use is derived from the San Juan–Chama Project, which delivers water from streams in the southern San Juan Mountains in the Colorado River Basin in southern Colorado to the Rio Chama watershed and the Rio Grande Basin in northern New Mexico. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Albuquerque–Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority, has compiled historical streamflow and water-quality data and collected new water-quality data to characterize the water quality and streamflow conditions and annual flow variability, as characterized by annual flow-duration curves, of streams of the San Juan–Chama Project. Nonparametric statistical methods were applied to calculate annual and monthly summary statistics of streamflow, trends in streamflow conditions were evaluated with the Mann–Kendall trend test, and annual variation in streamflow conditions was evaluated with annual flow-duration curves. The study area is located in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado and includes the Rio Blanco, Little Navajo River, and Navajo River, tributaries of the San Juan River in the Colorado River Basin located in the southern San Juan Mountains, and Willow Creek and Horse Lake Creek, tributaries of the Rio Chama in the Rio Grande Basin. The quality of water in the streams in the study area generally varied by watershed on the basis of the underlying geology and the volume and source of the streamflow. Water from the Rio Blanco and Little Navajo River watersheds, primarily underlain by volcanic deposits, volcaniclastic sediments and landslide deposits derived from these materials, was compositionally similar and had low specific-conductance values relative to the other streams in the study area. Water from the Navajo River, Horse Lake Creek, and Willow Creek watersheds, which are underlain mostly by Cretaceous-aged marine shale, was compositionally similar and had large concentrations of sulfate relative to the other streams in the study area, though the water from the Navajo River had lower specific-conductance values than did the water from Horse Lake Creek above Heron Reservoir and Willow Creek above Azotea Creek. Generally, surface-water quality varied with streamflow conditions throughout the year. Streamflow in spring and summer is generally a mixture of base flow (the component of streamflow derived from groundwater discharged to the stream channel) diluted with runoff from snowmelt and precipitation events, whereas streamflow in fall and winter is generally solely base flow. Major- and trace-element concentrations in the streams sampled were lower than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary and secondary drinking-water standards and New Mexico Environment Department surface-water standards for the streams. In general, years with increased annual discharge, compared to years with decreased annual discharge, had a smaller percentage of discharge in March, a larger percentage of discharge in June, an interval of discharge derived from snowmelt runoff that occurred later in the year, and a larger discharge in June. Additionally, years with increased annual discharge generally had a longer duration of runoff, and the streamflow indicators occurred at dates later in the year than the years with less snowmelt runoff. Additionally, the seasonal distribution of streamflow was more strongly controlled by the change in the amount of annual discharge than by changes in streamflow over time. The variation of streamflow conditions over time at one streamflow-gaging station in the study area, Navajo River at Banded Peak Ranch, was not significantly monotonic over the period of record with a Kendall’s tau of 0.0426 and with a p-value of 0.5938 for 1937 to 2009 (a trend was considered statistically significant at a p-value ≤ 0.05). There was a relation, however, such that annual discharge was generally lower than the median during a negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation interval and higher than the median during a positive Pacific Decadal Oscillation interval. Streamflow conditions at Navajo River at Banded Peak Ranch varied nonmonotonically over time and were likely a function of complex climate pattern interactions. Similarly, the monthly distribution of streamflow varied nonmonotonically over time and was likely a function of complex climate pattern interactions that cause variation over time. Study results indicated that the median of the sum of the streamflow available above the minimum monthly bypass requirement from Rio Blanco, Little Navajo River, and Navajo River was 126,240 acre-feet. The results also indicated that diversion of water for the San Juan–Chama Project has been possible for most months of most years.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135005","isbn":"978-1-4113-3552-3","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albuquerque–Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","usgsCitation":"Falk, S.E., Anderholm, S.K., and Hafich, K.A., 2013, Water quality, streamflow conditions, and annual flow-duration curves for streams of the San Juan–Chama Project, southern Colorado and northern New Mexico, 1935-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5005, Report: x, 50 p.; 1 Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135005.","productDescription":"Report: x, 50 p.; 1 Appendix","numberOfPages":"63","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1935-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-034463","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2013_5005.gif"},{"id":266784,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5005/app1.xlsx"},{"id":266782,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5005/"},{"id":266783,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5005/sir2013-5005.pdf"}],"projection":"Geographic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Colorado;New Mexico","county":"Archuleta;Conejos;Mineral;Rio Arriba;Rio Grande","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.0,36.5 ], [ -107.0,37.5 ], [ -106.5,37.5 ], [ -106.5,36.5 ], [ -107.0,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"510b9281e4b0947afa3c8558","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falk, Sarah E. sefalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falk","given":"Sarah","email":"sefalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":472798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderholm, Scott K.","contributorId":94270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hafich, Katya A.","contributorId":45604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hafich","given":"Katya","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043012,"text":"sir20125266 - 2013 - A regional classification of the effectiveness of depressional wetlands at mitigating nitrogen transport to surface waters in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T20:14:47.955364","indexId":"sir20125266","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5266","title":"A regional classification of the effectiveness of depressional wetlands at mitigating nitrogen transport to surface waters in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"Nitrogen from nonpoint sources contributes to eutrophication, hypoxia, and related ecological degradation in Atlantic Coastal Plain streams and adjacent coastal estuaries such as Chesapeake Bay and Pamlico Sound. Although denitrification in depressional (non-riparian) wetlands common to the Coastal Plain can be a significant landscape sink for nitrogen, the effectiveness of individual wetlands at removing nitrogen varies substantially due to varying hydrogeologic, geochemical, and other landscape conditions, which are often poorly or inconsistently mapped over large areas. A geographic model describing the spatial variability in the likely effectiveness of depressional wetlands in watershed uplands at mitigating nitrogen transport from nonpoint sources to surface waters was constructed for the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain (NACP), from North Carolina through New Jersey. Geographic and statistical techniques were used to develop the model. Available medium-resolution (1:100,000-scale) stream hydrography was used to define 33,799 individual watershed catchments in the study area. Sixteen landscape metrics relevant to the occurrence of depressional wetlands and their effectiveness as nitrogen sinks were defined for each catchment, based primarily on available topographic and soils data. Cluster analysis was used to aggregate the 33,799 catchments into eight wetland landscape regions (WLRs) based on the value of three principal components computed for the 16 original landscape metrics. Significant differences in topography, soil, and land cover among the eight WLRs demonstrate the effectiveness of the clustering technique. Results were used to interpret the relative likelihood of depressional wetlands in each WLR and their likely effectiveness at mitigating nitrogen transport from upland source areas to surface waters. The potential effectiveness of depressional wetlands at mitigating nitrogen transport varies substantially over different parts of the NACP. Depressional wetlands are common in three WLRs covering 32 percent of the area, and have a relatively high potential to mitigate nitrogen transport from nonpoint sources. Conversely, 37 percent of the study area includes rolling hills with relatively high slope and relief, and little likelihood of depressional wetlands. The remainder of the Coastal Plain includes relatively flat watersheds with moderate to low relative likelihood of nitrogen mitigation. The delineation of WLRs in this model should be useful for targeting wetland conservation or restoration efforts, and for estimating the effects of depressional wetlands on the regional nitrogen budget, but should be considered in light of limitations and assumptions inherent in the model.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125266","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Ator, S.W., Denver, J., LaMotte, A.E., and Sekellick, A.J., 2013, A regional classification of the effectiveness of depressional wetlands at mitigating nitrogen transport to surface waters in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5266, v, 23 p.; Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125266.","productDescription":"v, 23 p.; Data","startPage":"i","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266765,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5266/pdf/sir2012-5266.pdf"},{"id":266764,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5266/"},{"id":266766,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5266/nacp_wlrs.csv"},{"id":266767,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5266.gif"}],"otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.0,32.0 ], [ -84.0,44.0 ], [ -66.0,44.0 ], [ -66.0,32.0 ], [ -84.0,32.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"510a40e2e4b0de10a2aaab71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ator, Scott W. 0000-0002-9186-4837 swator@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"Scott","email":"swator@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denver, Judith M. jmdenver@usgs.gov","contributorId":780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"Judith M.","email":"jmdenver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaMotte, Andrew E. 0000-0002-1434-6518 alamotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-6518","contributorId":2842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaMotte","given":"Andrew","email":"alamotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sekellick, Andrew J. 0000-0002-0440-7655 ajsekell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0440-7655","contributorId":4125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sekellick","given":"Andrew","email":"ajsekell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043011,"text":"ofr20131007 - 2013 - Bedrock and surficial geologic map of the Satan Butte and Greasewood 7.5’ quadrangles, Navajo and Apache Counties, northern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T15:53:46.651701","indexId":"ofr20131007","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1007","title":"Bedrock and surficial geologic map of the Satan Butte and Greasewood 7.5’ quadrangles, Navajo and Apache Counties, northern Arizona","docAbstract":"The geologic map of the Satan Butte and Greasewood 7.5’ quadrangles is the result of a cooperative effort of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Navajo Nation to provide regional geologic information for management and planning officials. This map provides geologic information useful for range management, plant and animal studies, flood control, water resource investigations, and natural hazards associated with sand-dune mobility. The map provides connectivity to the regional geologic framework of the Grand Canyon area of northern Arizona. The map area encompasses approximately 314 km<sup>2</sup> (123 mi<sup>2</sup>) within Navajo and Apache Counties of northern Arizona and is bounded by lat 35°37'30\" to 35°30' N., long 109°45' to 110° W. The quadrangles lie within the southern Colorado Plateau geologic province and within the northeastern portion of the Hopi Buttes (Tsézhin Bií). Large ephemeral drainages, Pueblo Colorado Wash and Steamboat Wash, originate north of the map area on the Defiance Plateau and Balakai Mesa respectively. Elevations range from 1,930 m (6,330 ft) at the top of Satan Butte to about 1,787 m (5,860 ft) at Pueblo Colorado Wash where it exits the southwest corner of the Greasewood quadrangle. The only settlement within the map area is Greasewood, Arizona, on the north side of Pueblo Colorado Wash. Navajo Highway 15 crosses both quadrangles and joins State Highway 264 northwest of Ganado. Unimproved dirt roads provide access to remote parts of the Navajo Reservation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Navajo Nation","usgsCitation":"Amoroso, L., Priest, S.S., and Hiza-Redsteer, M., 2013, Bedrock and surficial geologic map of the Satan Butte and Greasewood 7.5’ quadrangles, Navajo and Apache Counties, northern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1007, 1 Sheet: 42.07 x 45.07; Pamphlet: iii, 24 p.; Readme; Metadata; GIS Database; Shapefiles, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131007.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 42.07 x 45.07; Pamphlet: iii, 24 p.; Readme; Metadata; GIS Database; Shapefiles","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266763,"rank":8,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1007.png"},{"id":266759,"rank":7,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1007/of2013-1007_readme.txt"},{"id":417739,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98121.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":266757,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1007/of2013-1007_map.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":266756,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1007/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":266762,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1007/sbgw_shape.zip"},{"id":266761,"rank":2,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1007/sbgw_db.zip"},{"id":266760,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1007/of2013-1007_metadata.txt"},{"id":266758,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1007/of2013-1007_pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Apache County, Navajo County","otherGeospatial":"Satan Butte and Greasewood 7.5’ quadrangles,","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110,\n              35.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -110,\n              35.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.75,\n              35.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.75,\n              35.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -110,\n              35.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"510a40ece4b0de10a2aaab75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amoroso, Lee lamoroso@usgs.gov","contributorId":3069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amoroso","given":"Lee","email":"lamoroso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Priest, Susan S. spriest@usgs.gov","contributorId":30204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priest","given":"Susan","email":"spriest@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hiza-Redsteer, Margaret","contributorId":77020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiza-Redsteer","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043004,"text":"sir20125276 - 2013 - Preliminary hydrogeologic assessment near Tassi and Pakoon Springs, western part of Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-30T13:28:31","indexId":"sir20125276","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5276","title":"Preliminary hydrogeologic assessment near Tassi and Pakoon Springs, western part of Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument, Arizona","docAbstract":"Tassi and Pakoon Springs are both in the Grand Wash Trough in the western part of Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument on the Arizona Strip. The monument is jointly managed by the National Park Service (NPS) and the Bureau of Land Management. This study was in response to NPS’s need to better understand the influence from regional increases in groundwater withdrawals near Grand Canyon-Parashant on the groundwater discharge from Tassi and Pakoon Springs. The climate of the Arizona Strip is generally semiarid to arid, and springs in the monument provide the water for the fragile ecosystems that are commonly separated by large areas of dry washes in canyons with pinyon and juniper. Available hydrogeologic data from previous investigations included water levels from the few existing wells, location information for springs, water chemistry from springs, and geologic maps. Available groundwater-elevation data from the wells and springs in the monument indicate that groundwater in the Grand Wash Trough is moving from north to south, discharging to springs and into the Colorado River. Groundwater may also be moving from east to west from Paleozoic rocks in the Grand Wash Cliffs into sedimentary deposits in the Grand Wash Trough. Finally, groundwater may be moving from the northwest in the Mesoproterozoic crystalline rocks of the Virgin Mountains into the northern part of the Grand Wash Trough. Water discharging from Tassi and Pakoon Springs has a major-ion chemistry similar to that of other springs in the western part of Grand Canyon-Parashant. Stable-isotopic signatures for oxygen-18 and hydrogen-2 are depleted in the water from both Tassi and Pakoon Springs in comparison to other springs on the Arizona Strip. Tassi Spring discharges from multiple seeps along the Wheeler Fault, and the depleted isotopic signatures suggest that water may be flowing from multiple places into Lake Mead and seems to have a higher elevation or an older climate source. Elevated water temperatures and a depleted stable-isotopic signature for Pakoon Springs suggest that the water may be traveling along a deep circulating flowpath, have multiple sources of water, been recharged at a high elevation, and (or) has an older climate source.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125276","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Truini, M., 2013, Preliminary hydrogeologic assessment near Tassi and Pakoon Springs, western part of Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5276, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125276.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5276.gif"},{"id":266753,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5276/"},{"id":266754,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5276/sir2012-5276.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon-parashant National Monument;Tassi Spring;Pakoon Spring","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,31.33 ], [ -114.82,37.0 ], [ -109.05,37.0 ], [ -109.05,31.33 ], [ -114.82,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"510a40efe4b0de10a2aaab7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truini, Margot mtruini@usgs.gov","contributorId":599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truini","given":"Margot","email":"mtruini@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70043003,"text":"sir20125138 - 2013 - Methods for estimating selected low-flow statistics and development of annual flow-duration statistics for Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-30T13:13:51","indexId":"sir20125138","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5138","title":"Methods for estimating selected low-flow statistics and development of annual flow-duration statistics for Ohio","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study to develop methods for estimating selected low-flow statistics and for determining annual flow-duration statistics for Ohio streams. Regression techniques were used to develop equations for estimating 10-year recurrence-interval (10-percent annual-nonexceedance probability) low-flow yields, in cubic feet per second per square mile, with averaging periods of 1, 7, 30, and 90-day(s), and for estimating the yield corresponding to the long-term 80-percent duration flow. These equations, which estimate low-flow yields as a function of a streamflow-variability index, are based on previously published low-flow statistics for 79 long-term continuous-record streamgages with at least 10 years of data collected through water year 1997. When applied to the calibration dataset, average absolute percent errors for the regression equations ranged from 15.8 to 42.0 percent. The regression results have been incorporated into the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) <i>StreamStats</i> application for Ohio (http://water.usgs.gov/osw/streamstats/ohio.html) in the form of a yield grid to facilitate estimation of the corresponding streamflow statistics in cubic feet per second. Logistic-regression equations also were developed and incorporated into the USGS <i>StreamStats</i> application for Ohio for selected low-flow statistics to help identify occurrences of zero-valued statistics. Quantiles of daily and 7-day mean streamflows were determined for annual and annual-seasonal (September–November) periods for each complete climatic year of streamflow-gaging station record for 110 selected streamflow-gaging stations with 20 or more years of record. The quantiles determined for each climatic year were the 99-, 98-, 95-, 90-, 80-, 75-, 70-, 60-, 50-, 40-, 30-, 25-, 20-, 10-, 5-, 2-, and 1-percent exceedance streamflows. Selected exceedance percentiles of the annual-exceedance percentiles were subsequently computed and tabulated to help facilitate consideration of the annual risk of exceedance or nonexceedance of annual and annual-seasonal-period flow-duration values. The quantiles are based on streamflow data collected through climatic year 2008.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125138","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Water Development Authority","usgsCitation":"Koltun, G., and Kula, S.P., 2013, Methods for estimating selected low-flow statistics and development of annual flow-duration statistics for Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5138, v, 195 p.; Table 2-1, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125138.","productDescription":"v, 195 p.; Table 2-1","startPage":"i","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"206","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266749,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5138/"},{"id":266750,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5138/sir2012-5138.pdf"},{"id":266751,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5138/table2-1.pdf"},{"id":266752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5138.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.82,38.4 ], [ -84.82,42.0 ], [ -80.52,42.0 ], [ -80.52,38.4 ], [ -84.82,38.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"510a40eee4b0de10a2aaab79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koltun, G. F. 0000-0003-0255-2960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2960","contributorId":49817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltun","given":"G. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kula, Stephanie P. spkula@usgs.gov","contributorId":4666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kula","given":"Stephanie","email":"spkula@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}