{"pageNumber":"6353","pageRowStart":"158800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184689,"records":[{"id":1888,"text":"wsp1999B - 1971 - Availability of streamflow for recharge of the basal aquifer in the Pearl Harbor area, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:22","indexId":"wsp1999B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999","chapter":"B","title":"Availability of streamflow for recharge of the basal aquifer in the Pearl Harbor area, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The Pearl Harbor area is underlain by an extensive basal aquifer that contains large supplies of fresh water. Because of the presence of a cap rock composed of sedimentary material that is less permeable than the basaltic lava of the basal aquifer, seaward movement of ground water is retarded. The cap rock causes the basal water to stand at a high level; thus, the lens of fresh water that floats on sea water is thick. \r\n\r\nDischarge from the basal ground-water body, which includes pumpage from wells and shafts, averaged 250 million gallons per day during 1931-65. Because the water level in the basal aquifer did not decline progressively, recharge to the ground-water body must have been approximately equal to discharge. \r\n\r\nAlthough pumping for agricultural use has decreased since 1931, net ground-water discharge has increased because of a large increase in pumping for urban use. Substitution of ground water for surface water in the irrigation of sugarcane has also contributed to a net increase in ground-water discharge. The development of Mililani Town will further increase discharge. The increase in ground-water discharge may cause an increase in chloride content of the water pumped from wells near the shore of Pearl Harbor unless the increased discharge is balanced by increased recharge to the local aquifer. \r\n\r\nThe aquifer is recharged by direct infiltration and deep percolation of rain, principally in the high forested area, by infiltration and percolation of irrigation water applied in excess of plant requirements, by seepage of water through streambeds, and possibly by ground-water inflow from outside the area. Recharge is greatest in the uplands, where rainfall is heavy and where much infiltration takes place before rainwater collects in the middle and lower reaches of stream channels. Once water collects in and saturates the alluvium of stream channels, additional inflow to the streams will flow out to sea, only slightly decreased by seepage. \r\n\r\nAverage annual direct runoff from the 90-square-mile Pearl Harbor area is 47.27 million gallons per day, or 11.1 inches; this is 13.3 percent of the average annual rainfall (83.3 in.) over the area. Average annual direct runoff in streams at the 800- and 400-foot altitudes is 29 and 38 million gallons per day, respectively. Kipapa Stream has the largest average annual direct runoff at those altitudes--6 and 9 million gallons per day, respectively.\r\n\r\nBecause streams are flashy and have a wide range in discharge, only 60 percent of the average annual runoff can be economically diverted through ditches to recharge areas. The diversion may be increased slightly if reservoirs are used in conjunction with ditches to temporarily detain flows in excess of ditch capacity. \r\n\r\nThe planned irrigation use of some of the perennial flow available in Waikele Stream near sea level will decrease pumping from and increase recharge to the basal aquifer. \r\n\r\nSuspended-sediment load is mainly silt and clay, and it increases rapidly with increased discharge. Thus, the use of streamflow for artificial recharge poses problems. High flows must be used if recharge is to be effective, but flows must not be so high as to cause clogging of recharge facilities with sediment or woodland debris. \r\n\r\nPractical tests are needed to determine the advantages and disadvantages of different types of recharge structures, such as a reservoir or basin, large-diameter deep shafts, deep wells, or combinations of all these structures.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1999B","usgsCitation":"Hirashima, G.T., 1971, Availability of streamflow for recharge of the basal aquifer in the Pearl Harbor area, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1999, iv, 26 p. :illus., maps. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1999B.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :illus., maps. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27177,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d849","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirashima, George Tokusuke","contributorId":16398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirashima","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Tokusuke","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2587,"text":"wsp1900 - 1971 - Bibliography of tritium studies related to hydrology through 1966","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:20","indexId":"wsp1900","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1900","title":"Bibliography of tritium studies related to hydrology through 1966","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.; [for sale by the Supt. of Docs.],","doi":"10.3133/wsp1900","usgsCitation":"Rhodehamel, E.C., Kron, V.B., and Dougherty, V.M., 1971, Bibliography of tritium studies related to hydrology through 1966: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1900, 174 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1900.","productDescription":"174 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1900/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28863,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1900/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627d4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhodehamel, Edward C.","contributorId":38135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodehamel","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kron, Veronica B.","contributorId":17970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kron","given":"Veronica","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dougherty, Verda M.","contributorId":63786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dougherty","given":"Verda","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":61654,"text":"gq891 - 1971 - Surficial geologic map of the Southwick quadrangle, Massachusetts and Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:36","indexId":"gq891","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"891","title":"Surficial geologic map of the Southwick quadrangle, Massachusetts and Connecticut","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq891","usgsCitation":"Schnabel, R.W., 1971, Surficial geologic map of the Southwick quadrangle, Massachusetts and Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 891, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq891.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":103607,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_2193.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"2193"},{"id":247956,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0891/report.pdf","size":"33","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0891/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.86749999999999,42 ], [ -72.86749999999999,42.1175 ], [ -72.75,42.1175 ], [ -72.75,42 ], [ -72.86749999999999,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688d69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schnabel, Robert Wayne","contributorId":57859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnabel","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":48109,"text":"ofr7324 - 1971 - Field and office instructions in stream gauging for the Hydrological Survey of Zambia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T16:01:17","indexId":"ofr7324","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-24","title":"Field and office instructions in stream gauging for the Hydrological Survey of Zambia","docAbstract":"<p>The importance of water to the basic needs of man is self- evident and needs no particular emphasis. The importance of water to a developing economy cannot be overemphasized. </p><p>A few decades ago, hydrology was a division of hydraulic engineering and was a tool for project survey, plan, and design. Today hydrology still remains an important part of planning and management of water use projects, but it is imperative that surface and ground-water basic data networks be designed and operated from the standpoint of both present and future water needs. Water problems are ever increasing and ever changing and preparation for the future water demands of Zambia requires knowledge of the hydrology of the country instead of the examination of piecemeal samples for each water use project. </p><p>The hydrologic survey of Zambia needs to be under the guidance of competent and imaginative hydrologists solidly trained in all elements of basic data collection and analysis and not in the hands of water project planners. Hydrology is a science which requires the highest order of teamwork and the hydrologist will need the help and advice of many employees within the organization to operate the network, provide adequate research, and examine the water needs of the country. It must be thoroughly understood that communication is essential between the hydrological survey and water project planners from both the government and private sectors. </p><p>It is very important to define the aims and duties of the Hydrological Branch of the Water Affairs Department in a clear cut \"Statement of Policy\". Personal copies of the statement should be made available to all professional employees and technicians. The reasons for the existence of the Branch may be self-apparent to heads of the organization, but to all other employees the reasons may be vague and unknown. Every member of the technical and administrative staff would benefit by an understanding of the purpose of his work. Nebulous ideas of the function of a hydrological survey of Zambia serve little purpose to the employee making the plans or those who execute them. A dissemination and free flow of ideas in all directions is necessary in any scientific and creative organization. </p><p>The primary functions of the Hydrological Branch of the Water Affairs Department of Zambia are twofold: </p><ol><li>Water resource appraisal which includes the inventory of all surface and ground waters;<br></li><li>Research, both basic and applied, in the science of water.<br></li></ol><p>Possibly some function regarding water law is also conceivable, although attachment of a law enforcement function to water-resource investigations might weaken the position of the Branch as an unbiased scientific organization.</p><p>As the collection of basic streamflow data is a primary function of the Branch the following instructions for the collection, analysis and computation of streamflow records have been written. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7324","usgsCitation":"Bidwell, L.E., 1971, Field and office instructions in stream gauging for the Hydrological Survey of Zambia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-24, x, 189 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7324.","productDescription":"x, 189 p.","numberOfPages":"277","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0024/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":340684,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0024/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Zambia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[32.75938,-9.2306],[33.23139,-9.67672],[33.48569,-10.52556],[33.31531,-10.79655],[33.11429,-11.6072],[33.30642,-12.43578],[32.99176,-12.78387],[32.68817,-13.71286],[33.21402,-13.97186],[30.17948,-14.7961],[30.27426,-15.50779],[29.51683,-15.64468],[28.94746,-16.04305],[28.82587,-16.38975],[28.46791,-16.4684],[27.59824,-17.29083],[27.04443,-17.93803],[26.70677,-17.96123],[26.38194,-17.84604],[25.26423,-17.73654],[25.08444,-17.66182],[25.07695,-17.57882],[24.68235,-17.35341],[24.03386,-17.29584],[23.21505,-17.52312],[22.56248,-16.89845],[21.88784,-16.08031],[21.93389,-12.89844],[24.01614,-12.91105],[23.93092,-12.56585],[24.07991,-12.1913],[23.90415,-11.72228],[24.01789,-11.2373],[23.91222,-10.92683],[24.25716,-10.95199],[24.31452,-11.26283],[24.78317,-11.23869],[25.41812,-11.33094],[25.75231,-11.78497],[26.55309,-11.92444],[27.16442,-11.60875],[27.3888,-12.13275],[28.15511,-12.27248],[28.52356,-12.6986],[28.93429,-13.24896],[29.69961,-13.25723],[29.616,-12.17889],[29.34155,-12.36074],[28.64242,-11.97157],[28.37225,-11.79365],[28.49607,-10.78988],[28.67368,-9.60592],[28.44987,-9.16492],[28.73487,-8.52656],[29.00291,-8.40703],[30.34609,-8.23826],[30.74002,-8.34001],[31.15775,-8.59458],[31.55635,-8.76205],[32.19186,-8.93036],[32.75938,-9.2306]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Zambia\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5afd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bidwell, L. E.","contributorId":100029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bidwell","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":47970,"text":"ofr71240 - 1971 - Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin, Texas metropolitan area, 1969","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T16:10:20","indexId":"ofr71240","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-240","title":"Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin, Texas metropolitan area, 1969","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr71240","usgsCitation":"Robbins, W., 1971, Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin, Texas metropolitan area, 1969: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-240, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71240.","productDescription":"46 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.09280395507812,\n              29.991812888666043\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.38006591796874,\n              29.991812888666043\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.38006591796874,\n              30.615459280672667\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.09280395507812,\n              30.615459280672667\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.09280395507812,\n              29.991812888666043\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bc7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, W.D.","contributorId":72852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13760,"text":"ofr71305 - 1971 - Preliminary report on the geology and field petrology at the Apollo 15 landing site","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13760,"text":"ofr71305 - 1971 - Preliminary report on the geology and field petrology at the Apollo 15 landing site","indexId":"ofr71305","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary report on the geology and field petrology at the Apollo 15 landing site"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042577,"text":"70042577 - 1972 - Preliminary geologic investigation of the Apollo 15 landing site","indexId":"70042577","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic investigation of the Apollo 15 landing site"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70042577,"text":"70042577 - 1972 - Preliminary geologic investigation of the Apollo 15 landing site","indexId":"70042577","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic investigation of the Apollo 15 landing site"},"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-12T17:08:32","indexId":"ofr71305","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-305","title":"Preliminary report on the geology and field petrology at the Apollo 15 landing site","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr71305","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, Preliminary report on the geology and field petrology at the Apollo 15 landing site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-305, iii, 31 leaves :ill., maps (some col.) ;27 cm.; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71305.","productDescription":"iii, 31 leaves :ill., maps (some col.) ;27 cm.; 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c942","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":58095,"text":"wdrWI6912 - 1971 - Water resources data for Wisconsin, 1969; Part 1. Surface water records and Part 2. Water quality records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:32","indexId":"wdrWI6912","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"WI-69-1-2","title":"Water resources data for Wisconsin, 1969; Part 1. Surface water records and Part 2. Water quality records","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrWI6912","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, Water resources data for Wisconsin, 1969; Part 1. Surface water records and Part 2. Water quality records: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report WI-69-1-2, 266 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrWI6912.","productDescription":"266 p.","numberOfPages":"266","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1969/wi-69-1-2/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":88324,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1969/wi-69-1-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f16d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23366,"text":"ofr72166 - 1971 - Water-level changes 1964-71, northern High Plains of Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-09T16:34:55","indexId":"ofr72166","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-166","title":"Water-level changes 1964-71, northern High Plains of Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Ground-water withdrawals for irrigation increased from about 84,000 acre-feet to 430,000 acre-feet per year between 1960 and 1970 in the northern High Plains of Colorado, causing significant water-level declines in areas where high-capacity wells are concentrated. The number of wells increased from about 500 in 1960 to 2,560 in 1970. In 1968 the U.S. Geological Survey began a study in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board; the Colorado Division of Water Resources, Office of the State Engineer; and the Management Districts of the northern High Plains to provide information for administration and management of the vital ground-water reserves of the northern High Plains.</p><p>The northern High Plains of Colorado is formed from an erosional remanent of the Ogallala Formation of Pliocene Age that extends from the South Platte River on the north to the Arkansas River on the south, and from Limon, Colo. on the west across the Colorado State line on the east (fig. 1). This area includes all&nbsp;or part of 11 counties and contains about 9,500 square miles. General information describing the ground-water resources of the northern High Plains of Colorado is presented in table 1. Plate 1 shows the net changes in water level between 1964 and 1971. Other published water-level change maps are for the period from 1964-68 and 1964-69 (Boettcher and others, 1969). The map (pl. 1) is based on annual water-level measurements made in 1964 and 1971 in about 300 wells tapping the Ogallala aquifer. Areas with either a net decline or a net rise are shown. Large declines recorded near Yuma and Burlington correspond to relatively high concentrations (2 per sq mi) of high-capacity wells. Also included in this report are 11 hydrographs typical of the water-level changes during this period (figs. 2-4). The hydrographs show water-level changes from 1964, or as early as 1956 to 1971, and illustrate the consistency of water-level change rates. Because proper management of ground-water resources requires systematic and valid basic data, the annual water-level measurements should continue.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72166","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hofstra, W.E., Klein, J.M., and Major, T.J., 1971, Water-level changes 1964-71, northern High Plains of Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-166, Report: i, 10 p.; Plate: 13.58 x 27.32 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72166.","productDescription":"Report: i, 10 p.; Plate: 13.58 x 27.32 inches","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":52656,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0166/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.85,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -102,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -102,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.85,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.85,\n              38\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7835","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hofstra, Warren E.","contributorId":75618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klein, John M.","contributorId":27036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Major, Thomas J.","contributorId":32529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":49214,"text":"ofr713 - 1971 - Floods in Arlington Heights Quadrangle, northeastern Illinois; supplement to HA-67","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:18","indexId":"ofr713","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-3","title":"Floods in Arlington Heights Quadrangle, northeastern Illinois; supplement to HA-67","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr713","usgsCitation":"Allen, H., and Noehre, A., 1971, Floods in Arlington Heights Quadrangle, northeastern Illinois; supplement to HA-67: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-3, 11 p. incl. 1 plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr713.","productDescription":"11 p. incl. 1 plate","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a18f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, H.E.","contributorId":40272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noehre, A.W.","contributorId":7355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noehre","given":"A.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":49232,"text":"ofr71314 - 1971 - An inventory of medium-sized lakes in California, 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:16","indexId":"ofr71314","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-314","title":"An inventory of medium-sized lakes in California, 1970","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr71314","usgsCitation":"Wallace, J., 1971, An inventory of medium-sized lakes in California, 1970: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-314, 7 p. illus., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71314.","productDescription":"7 p. illus.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db68433f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, J.C.","contributorId":25944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":48082,"text":"ofr72375 - 1971 - Techniques for assessing water resource potentials in the developing countries: with emphasis on streamflow, erosion and sediment transport, water movement in unsaturated soils, ground water, and remote sensing in hydrologic applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-17T14:26:17","indexId":"ofr72375","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-375","title":"Techniques for assessing water resource potentials in the developing countries: with emphasis on streamflow, erosion and sediment transport, water movement in unsaturated soils, ground water, and remote sensing in hydrologic applications","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrologic instrumentation and methodology for assessing water-resource potentials have originated largely in the developed countries of the temperature zone. The developing countries lie largely in the tropic zone, which contains the full gamut of the earth's climatic environments, including most of those of the temperate zone. For this reason, most hydrologic techniques have world-wide applicability.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Techniques for assessing water-resource potentials for the high priority goals of economic growth are well established in the developing countries--but much more are well established in the developing countries--but much more so in some than in other. Conventional techniques for measurement and evaluation of basic hydrologic parameters are now well-understood in the developing countries and are generally adequate for their current needs and those of the immediate future. Institutional and economic constraints, however, inhibit growth of sustained programs of hydrologic data collection and application of the data to problems in engineering technology.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Computer-based technology, including processing of hydrologic data and mathematical modelling of hydrologic parameters i also well-begun in many developing countries and has much wider potential application. In some developing counties, however, there is a tendency to look on the computer as a panacea for deficiencies in basic hydrologic data collection programs. This fallacy must be discouraged, as the computer is a tool and not a \"magic box.\" There is no real substitute for sound programs of basic data collection.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Nuclear and isotopic techniques are being used increasingly in the developed countries in the measurement and evaluation of virtually all hydrologic parameter in which conventional techniques have been used traditionally. Even in the developed countries, however, many hydrologists are not using nuclear techniques, simply because they lack knowledge of the principles involved and of the potential benefits. Nuclear methodology in hydrologic applications is generally more complex than the conventional and hence requires a high level of technical expertise for effective use. Application of nuclear techniques to hydrologic problems in the developing countries is likely to be marginal for some years to come, owing to the higher costs involved and expertise required. Nuclear techniques, however, would seem to have particular promise in studies of water movement in unsaturated soils and of erosion and sedimentation where conventional techniques are inadequate, inefficient and in some cases costly.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Remote sensing offers great promise for synoptic evaluations of water resources and hydrologic processes, including the transient phenomena of the hydrologic cycle. Remote sensing is not, however, a panacea for deficiencies in hydrologic data programs in the developing countries. Rather it is a means for extending and augmenting on-the-ground observations ans surveys (ground truth) to evaluated water resources and hydrologic processes on a regionall or even continental scale.</p>\n<br>\n<p>With respect to economic growth goals in developing countries, there are few identifiable gaps in existing hydrologic instrumentation and methodology insofar as appraisal, development and management of available water resources are concerned. What is needed is acceleration of institutional development and professional motivation toward more effective use of existing and proven methodology. Moreover, much sophisticated methodology can be applied effectively in the developing countries only when adequate levels of indigenous scientific skills have been reached and supportive institutional frameworks are evolved to viability.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72375","usgsCitation":"Taylor, G.C., 1971, Techniques for assessing water resource potentials in the developing countries: with emphasis on streamflow, erosion and sediment transport, water movement in unsaturated soils, ground water, and remote sensing in hydrologic applications: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-375, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72375.","productDescription":"70 p.","numberOfPages":"72","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":285999,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0375/report.pdf"},{"id":285998,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0375/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa274","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, George C. Jr.","contributorId":22767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"George","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":48081,"text":"ofr72374 - 1971 - Gallagher Creek flood of July 30, 1971, Meridian, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:03","indexId":"ofr72374","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-374","title":"Gallagher Creek flood of July 30, 1971, Meridian, Mississippi","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr72374","usgsCitation":"Tate, C.H., 1971, Gallagher Creek flood of July 30, 1971, Meridian, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-374, 4 p., 2 folded leaves of plates : ill., map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72374.","productDescription":"4 p., 2 folded leaves of plates : ill., map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b143c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tate, Charles H.","contributorId":17282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":49226,"text":"ofr71265 - 1971 - Selected procedures for biological and microbiological investigations","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":49226,"text":"ofr71265 - 1971 - Selected procedures for biological and microbiological investigations","indexId":"ofr71265","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Selected procedures for biological and microbiological investigations"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4661,"text":"twri05A1 - 1989 - Methods for determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments","indexId":"twri05A1","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Methods for determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":4661,"text":"twri05A1 - 1989 - Methods for determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments","indexId":"twri05A1","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Methods for determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:20","indexId":"ofr71265","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-265","title":"Selected procedures for biological and microbiological investigations","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr71265","usgsCitation":"Slack, K.V., 1971, Selected procedures for biological and microbiological investigations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-265, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71265.","productDescription":"68 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a03e4b07f02db5f83f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, K. V.","contributorId":82386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":49225,"text":"ofr71230 - 1971 - A proposed streamflow-data program for Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:20","indexId":"ofr71230","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-230","title":"A proposed streamflow-data program for Florida","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr71230","usgsCitation":"Rabon, J., 1971, A proposed streamflow-data program for Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-230, 64 p. illus., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71230.","productDescription":"64 p. illus.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rabon, J.W.","contributorId":100937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabon","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":49223,"text":"ofr71182 - 1971 - Evaluation of streamflow-data program in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:20","indexId":"ofr71182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-182","title":"Evaluation of streamflow-data program in Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr71182","usgsCitation":"Livingston, R., 1971, Evaluation of streamflow-data program in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-182, 76 p. illus., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71182.","productDescription":"76 p. illus.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fab64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livingston, R.K.","contributorId":49006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingston","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":58072,"text":"wdrCO701 - 1971 - Water Resources Data for Colorado, 1970; Part I: Surface Water Records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:28","indexId":"wdrCO701","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CO-70-1","title":"Water Resources Data for Colorado, 1970; Part I: Surface Water Records","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrCO701","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, Water Resources Data for Colorado, 1970; Part I: Surface Water Records: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CO-70-1, 413 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCO701.","productDescription":"413 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1970/co-70-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":88312,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1970/co-70-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd0d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":67159,"text":"i598 - 1971 - Map showing bedrock topography and subcrop of selected beds beneath alluvial deposits of the Panther quadrangle, Daviess County, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:19","indexId":"i598","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"598","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Map showing bedrock topography and subcrop of selected beds beneath alluvial deposits of the Panther quadrangle, Daviess County, Kentucky","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i598","usgsCitation":"Smith, A.E., 1971, Map showing bedrock topography and subcrop of selected beds beneath alluvial deposits of the Panther quadrangle, Daviess County, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 598, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/i598.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":256499,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0598/plate-1.pdf","size":"6801","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256500,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0598/report.pdf","size":"37","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0598/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.25,37.6175 ], [ -87.25,37.75 ], [ -87.11749999999999,37.75 ], [ -87.11749999999999,37.6175 ], [ -87.25,37.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a95e4b07f02db65997f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, A. E.","contributorId":58254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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