{"pageNumber":"6372","pageRowStart":"159275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184689,"records":[{"id":70171175,"text":"70171175 - 1971 - Rapid separation of polychlorinated biphenyls from DDT and its analogues on silica gel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T11:43:59","indexId":"70171175","displayToPublicDate":"1971-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid separation of polychlorinated biphenyls from DDT and its analogues on silica gel","docAbstract":"<p>Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), which are used in industry worldwide (i), have been found as residues in numerous wildlife species (2-7). Because of the similarity in chemical characteristics, PCB compounds interfere with gas liquid chromatographic (GLC) analysis of certain chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides (8). In the present study, we sought a rapid microanalytical procedure for separation of PCB's from DDT and its analogues before analysis with GLC. A small silica gel column was found to be suitable for removing two of the Aroclor series of PCB's (1254 and 1260) from DDT and its analogues.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01684357","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D., and Reinert, R.E., 1971, Rapid separation of polychlorinated biphenyls from DDT and its analogues on silica gel: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 6, no. 5, p. 385-390, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01684357.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"390","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321617,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccc0e4b07e28b662dd11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Diane","contributorId":60388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Diane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reinert, Robert E.","contributorId":101214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinert","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227389,"text":"70227389 - 1971 - Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry: Evaporation-crystallization process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T19:21:38.320172","indexId":"70227389","displayToPublicDate":"1971-05-21T13:17:51","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry: Evaporation-crystallization process","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.172.3985.870","usgsCitation":"Feth, J.H., 1971, Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry: Evaporation-crystallization process: Science, v. 172, no. 3985, p. 870-871, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.172.3985.870.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"870","endPage":"871","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"172","issue":"3985","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feth, J. H.","contributorId":50495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feth","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70210063,"text":"70210063 - 1971 - Origin and emplacement of the ultramafic rocks of the Emigrant Gap area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T13:18:17.533227","indexId":"70210063","displayToPublicDate":"1971-05-12T15:34:30","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin and emplacement of the ultramafic rocks of the Emigrant Gap area, California","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">The ultramafic bodies of the Emigrant Gap area are part of a mafic complex within a large composite pluton of the northern Sierra Nevada. The pluton was magmatically emplaced and is surrounded by an aureole of hornblende-hornfels facies rocks. Inclusions of country rock in ultramafic rock are of pyroxene-hornfels facies and appear to have been partly melted. Gravity studies indicate that the ultramafic bodies have near-vertical contacts extending to depths of at least 1½ to 2½ km.</p><p class=\"chapter-para\">The mafic complex shows rough concentric zoning of rock types: ultramafic bodies occur at the core; gabbro forms a discontinuous intermediate unit; and diorite, tonalite, and granodiorite occur at the margins. Within the ultramafic bodies, unserpentinized wehrlitic peridotite is dominant; dunite and olivine clinopyroxenite are present but greatly subordinate. The ultramafic rocks consist almost entirely of olivine (FO<sub>80</sub>) and diopside (Ca<sub>46</sub>Mg<sub>46</sub>Fe<sub>8</sub>); orthopyroxene, hornbolende, and plagioclase occur locally. The gabbro, diorite, tonalite, and granodiorite contain both ortho- and clinopyroxene.</p><p class=\"chapter-para\">Both ultramafic and two-pyroxene-bearing rocks were emplaced nearly simultaneously, as partly crystallized magmas and magmatic crystal mushes that had similar temperature. In all the rocks the structures are dominantly magmatic and were produced by sorting and orientation of crystals by magmatic flow. Structures produced by post-consolidation deformation and replacement are minor and local.</p><p class=\"chapter-para\">The structural and chemical relations within the mafic complex suggest that all the rocks are derived from a single gabbroic magma by crystal fractionation, with the ultramafic rocks formed by mechanical accumulation of early crystallized mafic minerals, and the two pyroxene-bearing granodiorite crystallized from a felsic differentiate. It is likely that flowage differentiation was the dominant process of crystal segregation.</p><p class=\"chapter-para\">The Emigrant Gap mafic complex is similar in structure, rock texture, and mineralogy to zoned ultramafic complexes, such as those of south-eastern Alaska, and is very different from either stratiform or alpine-type bodies. Though unlike the Alaskan bodies in detail, it appears that this complex should be classed with the zoned complexes in any broad grouping of ultramafic occurrences.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/12.3.523","usgsCitation":"James, O., 1971, Origin and emplacement of the ultramafic rocks of the Emigrant Gap area, California: Journal of Petrology, v. 12, no. 3, p. 523-560, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/12.3.523.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"560","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Emigrant Gap","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.75897216796876,\n              39.25618310939581\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.59967041015624,\n              39.25618310939581\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.59967041015624,\n              39.325268257858575\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.75897216796876,\n              39.325268257858575\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.75897216796876,\n              39.25618310939581\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, O.B.","contributorId":100526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"O.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010317,"text":"70010317 - 1971 - Quadratic elongation: A quantitative measure of distortion in coordination polyhedra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-28T18:27:20.227258","indexId":"70010317","displayToPublicDate":"1971-05-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quadratic elongation: A quantitative measure of distortion in coordination polyhedra","docAbstract":"Quadratic elongation and the variance of bond angles are linearly correlated for distorted octahedral and tetrahedral coordination complexes, both of which show variations in bond length and bond angle. The quadratic elonga tion is dimensionless, giving a quantitative measure of polyhedral distortion which is independent of the effective size of the polyhedron.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.172.3983.567","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Robinson, K., Gibbs, G., and Ribbe, P., 1971, Quadratic elongation: A quantitative measure of distortion in coordination polyhedra: Science, v. 172, no. 3983, p. 567-570, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.172.3983.567.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"567","endPage":"570","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219681,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"172","issue":"3983","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9074e4b0c8380cd7fd52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Kelly F.","contributorId":44911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Kelly F.","affiliations":[{"id":6596,"text":"Quantitative Fisheries Center, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":358626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbs, G.V.","contributorId":37059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"G.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ribbe, P.H.","contributorId":42703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribbe","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70227410,"text":"70227410 - 1971 - Magnetic anomalies over the continents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-13T20:53:04.046345","indexId":"70227410","displayToPublicDate":"1971-05-01T14:48:05","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnetic anomalies over the continents","docAbstract":"<p>By far most of the magnetic coverage over continents has been made via aircraft. The obvious advantages of the airborne method over ground measurements are the speed and economy of the survey, the coverage of areas that are inaccessible on the ground, and the nature of the data, which are displayed continuously rather than as discrete points along a profile.</p><p>Much aeromagnetic work both in the United States and abroad has been conducted by private companies exploring for ore and petroleum. Unfortunately almost none of the data have been published, nor have they been made available to the public.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/EO052i005pIU204","usgsCitation":"Zietz, I., 1971, Magnetic anomalies over the continents: Eos Science News, v. 52, no. 5, p. 204-209, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO052i005pIU204.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"209","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394339,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zietz, Isidore","contributorId":76708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zietz","given":"Isidore","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227437,"text":"70227437 - 1971 - Water levels in carbonate rock terranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-14T18:41:31.740883","indexId":"70227437","displayToPublicDate":"1971-05-01T12:37:36","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water levels in carbonate rock terranes","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Many subtle aspects of water levels in carbonate rocks need to be put in perspective even though hydrologists have recognized the fundamental value of characteristics of ground-water levels. The depth to the water table in carbonate rocks is controlled by local factors such as permeability and topography and by the regional factor of climate; both permeability and topography are dynamically developed according to the degree of preferential circulation of subsurface water and of solution of the rock, and the water table responds by lying deep beneath hilly permeable karstlands and shallow beneath flat and poorly permeable carbonate rocks. The uneven distribution of permeability and of topographic conditions is responsible for the intriguing karst phenomena of disappearing and reappearing surface streams. Great infiltration capacities of some karst regions result in large local fluctuations of the water table and in some cases to local reversals in direction of ground-water flow between wet and dry seasons. Water-level behavior in space and time is a primary consideration for interpreting the hydrology of carbonate terranes.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03544.x","usgsCitation":"LeGrand, H.E., and Stringfield, V.T., 1971, Water levels in carbonate rock terranes: Groundwater, v. 9, no. 3, p. 4-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03544.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeGrand, H. E.","contributorId":54571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeGrand","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stringfield, V. T.","contributorId":72369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stringfield","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227165,"text":"70227165 - 1971 - Ore fluids in the porphyry copper deposit at Copper Canyon, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-31T16:36:01.805167","indexId":"70227165","displayToPublicDate":"1971-05-01T10:16:13","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ore fluids in the porphyry copper deposit at Copper Canyon, Nevada","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>The large, low-grade copper and gold deposit at Copper Canyon, Lander County, Nevada, formed in the contact metasomatic environment adjacent to a shallow Tertiary intrusion. Vein and disseminated chalcopyrite-pyrite-pyrrhotite-arsenopyrite mineralization, with lesser amounts of gold, galena, sphalerite, marcasite, and siderite occur in the Upper Cambrian Harmony and Middle Pennsylvanian Battle Formations. Studies of fluid inclusions in stages of vein quartz and in healed fractures through quartz phenocrysts and pebbles reveal the presence of very saline, sometimes CO<span>&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>-rich fluids in the early and middle stages of mineralization. Ore fluid salinities during the base metal mineralization were approximately 40 wt percent, and temperatures were near 375 degrees C. Circulation of this hot brine was apparently restricted to an elongate highly fractured zone within 3,000 feet laterally of the intrusive. Later fluids in this central zone were somewhat cooler, near 300 degrees C, and had significantly lower salinities in the range 12 to 1.2 wt percent. Smaller lode deposits approximately 1 to 5 miles from the intrusion appear to have formed from low to moderate salinity fluids at temperatures generally in the range 250 to 335 degrees C. Geologic and fluid considerations suggest formation at approximately 6,000 feet in depth.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.3.385","usgsCitation":"Nash, J.T., and Theodore, T., 1971, Ore fluids in the porphyry copper deposit at Copper Canyon, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 3, p. 385-399, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.3.385.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"399","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Lander County","otherGeospatial":"Copper Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.60040283203125,\n              39.882342585755744\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.10052490234375,\n              39.882342585755744\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.10052490234375,\n              40.60978237983301\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.60040283203125,\n              40.60978237983301\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.60040283203125,\n              39.882342585755744\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nash, J. Thomas","contributorId":26306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Theodore, Ted G.","contributorId":57840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodore","given":"Ted G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227164,"text":"70227164 - 1971 - A Holocene ore body of copper oxides and carbonates at Ray, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-31T16:13:45.258682","indexId":"70227164","displayToPublicDate":"1971-05-01T10:00:16","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Holocene ore body of copper oxides and carbonates at Ray, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.3.495","usgsCitation":"Phillips, C.H., Cornwall, H.R., and Rubin, M., 1971, A Holocene ore body of copper oxides and carbonates at Ray, Arizona: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 3, p. 495-498, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.3.495.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"498","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Ray","otherGeospatial":"Mineral Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.9897232055664,\n              33.16097808844379\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.98023891448975,\n              33.16097808844379\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.98023891448975,\n              33.170102823806964\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9897232055664,\n              33.170102823806964\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9897232055664,\n              33.16097808844379\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, C. H.","contributorId":37414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cornwall, H. R.","contributorId":92333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornwall","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, Meyer","contributorId":107283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Meyer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70227332,"text":"70227332 - 1971 - Man-made earthquakes and earthquake prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T15:17:40.350861","indexId":"70227332","displayToPublicDate":"1971-05-01T09:10:47","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Man-made earthquakes and earthquake prediction","docAbstract":"<p>Convincing evidence that man can trigger earthquakes has been developed since the 1963–1967 report. The fact that man can start earthquakes has increased our understanding of earthquake mechanisms and reinforced our judgment that we are approaching the possibility of earthquake prediction.</p><p>Traditionally, seismologists have avoided the subject of earthquake prediction because of its distasteful association with people who claim to be able to predict earthquakes by mystical nonscientific methods. Research on prediction has been intensified since the reports of the Panel on Earthquake Prediction [<i>Press</i>, 1965] and the Interagency Working Group for Earthquake Research [<i>Pecora</i>, 1968],. however, and it is appropriate to assess our progress toward that goal.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pakiser et al</i>. [1969] and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Oliver</i><span>&nbsp;</span>[1970] have also summarized recent U.S. progress toward earthquake prediction.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/EO052i005pIU171","usgsCitation":"Healy, J.H., and Pakiser, L.C., 1971, Man-made earthquakes and earthquake prediction: Eos Science News, v. 52, no. 5, p. 171-174, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO052i005pIU171.","productDescription":"IUGG, 4 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"174","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, J. H.","contributorId":48968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pakiser, L. C.","contributorId":83512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pakiser","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70236456,"text":"70236456 - 1971 - Mapping from space","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T13:57:25.101143","indexId":"70236456","displayToPublicDate":"1971-05-01T08:32:27","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":12574,"text":"Journal of the Surveying and Mapping Division","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping from space","docAbstract":"<p><span>Remote sensing of the earth promises to become an operational tool of the engineer and the scientist within the next few years. There are no real technical limits on the uses of data from space sensors. However, it is not practical to fly special missions, particularly in space, for each specific use. General-purpose, earth-sensing missions aimed at meeting a wide variety of requirements must be defined. Engineers must help define earth-sensing missions, based on the concepts of repetitive coverage, multispectral response, and spatial correlation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/JSUEAX.0000357","usgsCitation":"Colvocoresses, A.P., 1971, Mapping from space: Journal of the Surveying and Mapping Division, v. 97, no. 1, p. 125-132, https://doi.org/10.1061/JSUEAX.0000357.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"132","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colvocoresses, Alden P.","contributorId":72779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvocoresses","given":"Alden","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":851081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70209761,"text":"70209761 - 1971 - Primary and secondary sulfates at Goldfield, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-24T16:25:31.773439","indexId":"70209761","displayToPublicDate":"1971-04-24T11:06:39","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Primary and secondary sulfates at Goldfield, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p><span>High S-34 values for primary alunites (formed during hydrothermal phase) replacing plagioclase and groundmass of altered volcanic rocks, secondary alunite veins (formed during supergene alteration) with S-34 values near zero permil</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.4.618","usgsCitation":"Jensen, M., Ashley, R.P., and Albers, J.P., 1971, Primary and secondary sulfates at Goldfield, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 4, p. 618-626, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.4.618.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"618","endPage":"626","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":374256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Goldfield","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.43286132812499,\n              38.112949789189614\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.62536621093749,\n              38.112949789189614\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.62536621093749,\n              38.805470223177466\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.43286132812499,\n              38.805470223177466\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.43286132812499,\n              38.112949789189614\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jensen, M.L.","contributorId":224358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashley, Roger P. ashley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashley","given":"Roger","email":"ashley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":787912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albers, J. P.","contributorId":81505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70010346,"text":"70010346 - 1971 - Eocene volcanism and the origin of horizon A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-28T18:35:06.455742","indexId":"70010346","displayToPublicDate":"1971-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eocene volcanism and the origin of horizon A","docAbstract":"A series of closely time-equivalent deposits that correlate with seismic reflector horizon A exists along the coast of eastern North America. These sediments of Late-Early to Early-Middle Eocene age contain an authigenic mineral suite indicative of the alteration of volcanic glass. A volcanic origin for these siliceous deposits onshore is consistent with a volcanic origin for the cherts of horizon A offshore.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.172.3979.152","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Gibson, T., and Towe, K., 1971, Eocene volcanism and the origin of horizon A: Science, v. 172, no. 3979, p. 152-154, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.172.3979.152.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"154","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219227,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"172","issue":"3979","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09fde4b0c8380cd5213d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibson, T. G.","contributorId":103702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"T. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Towe, K.M.","contributorId":35870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Towe","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5220793,"text":"5220793 - 1971 - A new stratification of mourning dove call-count routes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-21T16:48:51.260831","indexId":"5220793","displayToPublicDate":"1971-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new stratification of mourning dove call-count routes","docAbstract":"<p>The mourning dove (<i>Zenaidura macroura</i>) call-count survey is a nationwide audio-census of breeding mourning doves. Recent analyses of the call-count routes have utilized a stratification based upon physiographic regions of the United States. An analysis of 5 years of call-count data, based upon stratification using potential natural vegetation, has demonstrated that this uew stratification results in strata with greater homogeneity than the physiographic strata, provides lower error variance, and hence generates greatet precision in the analysis without an increase in call-count routes. Error variance was reduced approximately 30 percent for the contiguous United States. This indicates that future analysis based upon the new stratification will result in an increased ability to detect significant year-to-year changes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3799607","usgsCitation":"Blankenship, L.H., Humphrey, A., and MacDonald, D., 1971, A new stratification of mourning dove call-count routes: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 35, no. 2, p. 319-326, https://doi.org/10.2307/3799607.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"326","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193992,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.64,\n                48.84\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.32914,\n                48.67074\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.63087,\n                48.60926\n              ],\n              [\n                -92.61,\n                48.45\n              ],\n              [\n                -91.64,\n                48.14\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.83,\n                48.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.6,\n                48.01\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.27292,\n                48.01981\n              ],\n              [\n                -88.37811,\n                48.30292\n              ],\n              [\n                -87.43979,\n                47.94\n              ],\n              [\n                -86.46199,\n                47.55334\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.65236,\n                47.22022\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.87608,\n                46.90008\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.77924,\n                46.6371\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.54375,\n                46.53868\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.6049,\n                46.4396\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.3367,\n                46.40877\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.14212,\n                46.51223\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.09185,\n                46.27542\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.89077,\n                46.11693\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.61613,\n                46.11693\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.46955,\n                45.99469\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.59285,\n                45.81689\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.55092,\n                45.34752\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.33776,\n                44.44\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.13764,\n                43.57109\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.43,\n                42.98\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.9,\n                42.43\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.12,\n                42.08\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.142,\n                41.97568\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.02981,\n                41.8328\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.69009,\n                41.67511\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.43928,\n                41.67511\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.27775,\n                42.20903\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.24745,\n                42.3662\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.93936,\n                42.86361\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.92,\n                42.965\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.01,\n                43.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.17167,\n                43.46634\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.72028,\n                43.62509\n              ],\n              [\n                -77.73789,\n                43.62906\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.82003,\n                43.62878\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.5,\n                44.01846\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.375,\n                44.09631\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.31821,\n                44.81645\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.867,\n                45.00048\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.34783,\n                45.00738\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.50506,\n                45.0082\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.405,\n                45.255\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.08482,\n                45.30524\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.66,\n                45.46\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.305,\n                45.915\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.99997,\n                46.69307\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.23722,\n                47.44778\n              ],\n              [\n                -68.905,\n                47.185\n              ],\n              [\n                -68.23444,\n                47.35486\n              ],\n              [\n                -67.79046,\n                47.06636\n              ],\n              [\n                -67.79134,\n                45.70281\n              ],\n              [\n                -67.13741,\n                45.13753\n              ],\n              [\n                -66.96466,\n                44.8097\n              ],\n              [\n                -68.03252,\n                44.3252\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.06,\n                43.98\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.11617,\n                43.68405\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.64548,\n                43.09024\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.81489,\n                42.8653\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.825,\n                42.335\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.495,\n                41.805\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.08,\n                41.78\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.185,\n                42.145\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.88497,\n                41.92283\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.96503,\n                41.63717\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.64,\n                41.475\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.12039,\n                41.49445\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.86,\n                41.32\n              ],\n              [\n                -72.295,\n                41.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -72.87643,\n                41.22065\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.71,\n                40.9311\n              ],\n              [\n                -72.24126,\n                41.11948\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.945,\n                40.93\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.345,\n                40.63\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.982,\n                40.628\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.95232,\n                40.75075\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.25671,\n                40.47351\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.96244,\n                40.42763\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.17838,\n                39.70926\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.90604,\n                38.93954\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.98041,\n                39.1964\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.20002,\n                39.24845\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.52805,\n                39.4985\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.32,\n                38.96\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.07183,\n                38.78203\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.05673,\n                38.40412\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.37747,\n                38.01551\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.94023,\n                37.21689\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.03127,\n                37.2566\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.72205,\n                37.93705\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.23287,\n                38.31921\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.35,\n                39.15\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.54272,\n                38.71762\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.32933,\n                38.08326\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.99,\n                38.23999\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.30162,\n                37.91794\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.25874,\n                36.9664\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.9718,\n                36.89726\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.86804,\n                36.55125\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.72749,\n                35.55074\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.36318,\n                34.80854\n              ],\n              [\n                -77.39763,\n                34.51201\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.05496,\n                33.92547\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.55435,\n                33.86133\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.06067,\n                33.49395\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.20357,\n                33.15839\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.30132,\n                32.50935\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.86498,\n                32.0333\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.33629,\n                31.44049\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.49042,\n                30.72999\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.31371,\n                30.03552\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.98,\n                29.18\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.53558,\n                28.47213\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.53,\n                28.04\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.05654,\n                26.88\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.08801,\n                26.20576\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.13156,\n                25.81677\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.38103,\n                25.20616\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.68,\n                25.08\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.17213,\n                25.20126\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.33,\n                25.64\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.71,\n                25.87\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.24,\n                26.73\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.70515,\n                27.49504\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.85526,\n                27.88624\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.65,\n                28.55\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.93,\n                29.1\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.70959,\n                29.93656\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.1,\n                30.09\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.10882,\n                29.63615\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.28784,\n                29.68612\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.7731,\n                30.15261\n              ],\n              [\n                -86.4,\n                30.4\n              ],\n              [\n                -87.53036,\n                30.27433\n              ],\n              [\n                -88.41782,\n                30.3849\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.18049,\n                30.31598\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.59383,\n                30.15999\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.41373,\n                29.89419\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.43,\n                29.48864\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.21767,\n                29.29108\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.40823,\n                29.15961\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.77928,\n                29.30714\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.15463,\n                29.11743\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.88022,\n                29.14854\n              ],\n              [\n                -91.62678,\n                29.677\n              ],\n              [\n                -92.49906,\n                29.5523\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.22637,\n                29.78375\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.84842,\n                29.71363\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.69,\n                29.48\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.60026,\n                28.73863\n              ],\n              [\n                -96.59404,\n                28.30748\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.14,\n                27.83\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.37,\n                27.38\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.38,\n                26.69\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.33,\n                26.21\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.14,\n                25.87\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.53,\n                25.84\n              ],\n              [\n                -98.24,\n                26.06\n              ],\n              [\n                -99.02,\n                26.37\n              ],\n              [\n                -99.3,\n                26.84\n              ],\n              [\n                -99.52,\n                27.54\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.11,\n                28.11\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.45584,\n                28.69612\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.9576,\n                29.38071\n              ],\n              [\n                -101.6624,\n                29.7793\n              ],\n              [\n                -102.48,\n                29.76\n              ],\n              [\n                -103.11,\n                28.97\n              ],\n              [\n                -103.94,\n                29.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.45697,\n                29.57196\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.70575,\n                30.12173\n              ],\n              [\n                -105.03737,\n                30.64402\n              ],\n              [\n                -105.63159,\n                31.08383\n              ],\n              [\n                -106.1429,\n                31.39995\n              ],\n              [\n                -106.50759,\n                31.75452\n              ],\n              [\n                -108.24,\n                31.75485\n              ],\n              [\n                -108.24194,\n                31.34222\n              ],\n              [\n                -109.035,\n                31.34194\n              ],\n              [\n                -111.02361,\n                31.33472\n              ],\n              [\n                -113.30498,\n                32.03914\n              ],\n              [\n                -114.815,\n                32.52528\n              ],\n              [\n                -114.72139,\n                32.72083\n              ],\n              [\n                -115.99135,\n                32.61239\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.12776,\n                32.53534\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.29594,\n                33.04622\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.944,\n                33.62124\n              ],\n              [\n                -118.4106,\n                33.74091\n              ],\n              [\n                -118.51989,\n                34.02778\n              ],\n              [\n                -119.081,\n                34.078\n              ],\n              [\n                -119.43884,\n                34.34848\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.36778,\n                34.44711\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.62286,\n                34.60855\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.74433,\n                35.15686\n              ],\n              [\n                -121.71457,\n                36.16153\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.54747,\n                37.55176\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.51201,\n                37.78339\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.95319,\n                38.11371\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.7272,\n                38.95166\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.86517,\n                39.76699\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.39807,\n                40.3132\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.17886,\n                41.14202\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.2137,\n                41.99964\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.53284,\n                42.76599\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.14214,\n                43.70838\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.02053,\n                44.6159\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.89893,\n                45.52341\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.07963,\n                46.86475\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.39567,\n                47.72017\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.68721,\n                48.18443\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.5661,\n                48.37971\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.12,\n                48.04\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.58736,\n                47.096\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.34,\n                47.36\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.5,\n                48.18\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.84,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -120,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.03121,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -116.04818,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -113,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -110.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -107.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.04826,\n                48.99986\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.65,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.22872,\n                49.0007\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15907,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15609,\n                49.38425\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              ]\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      },\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"name\": \"United States\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6aba3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blankenship, L. H.","contributorId":53489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blankenship","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Humphrey, A.B.","contributorId":96785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humphrey","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacDonald, Duncan","contributorId":16824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Duncan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70227316,"text":"70227316 - 1971 - Radiometric age (Late Ordovician) of the Quincy, Cape Ann, and Peabody Granites from eastern Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T22:00:38.567632","indexId":"70227316","displayToPublicDate":"1971-04-01T15:15:56","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiometric age (Late Ordovician) of the Quincy, Cape Ann, and Peabody Granites from eastern Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<div class=\"widget widget-SplitView widget-instance-SplitView_Article\"><div class=\"article\"><div class=\"widget widget-ArticleMainView widget-instance-ArticleMainView_Split\"><div class=\"content-inner-wrap\"><div class=\"article-body\"><div id=\"ContentTab\" class=\"content active\"><div class=\"widget widget-ArticleFulltext widget-instance-ArticleFulltext_Split\"><div class=\"module-widget\"><div class=\"widget-items\" data-widgetname=\"ArticleFulltext\"><p id=\"15273334\" class=\"abstract-title jumplink-heading\">A geochronologic study of several intrusive bodies of alkalic granite from eastern Massachusetts yields the following radiometric ages (in millions of years).</p><table border=\"0\" class=\"mce-item-table\"><tbody><tr><td>Rock unit</td><td>Amphibole&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<br>K-Ar</td><td>Whole-rock <br>Rb-Sr isochron&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</td><td>Pb<sup>207</sup>/Pb<sup>206</sup><br>zircon</td></tr><tr><td>Quincy Granite</td><td>430-458</td><td>313 ± 22</td><td>437 ± 32</td></tr><tr><td>Cape Ann Granite&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</td><td>374-397</td><td>435 ± 6</td><td>452 ± 10</td></tr><tr><td>Peabody Granite</td><td>350-403</td><td>367 ± 24</td><td>435 + 12<br>445 ± 22</td></tr></tbody></table><div><div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>The zircon ages show only mild internal discordancies and most diffusion models used to discuss U-Th-Pb isotopic systematics would give a true age about equal to that of the Pb<sup>207</sup>/Pb<sup>206</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>value. When plotted on a concordia diagram, the zircon data indicate a time of emplacement of 450 ± 25 m.y. for all three granite bodies. This Late Ordovician age for post-tectonic granites suggests that revisions in the commonly accepted geologic interpretation of eastern Massachusetts may be required. Previously, because of their massive, undeformed nature, the alkalic rocks were generally regarded as being Mississippian or Devonian in age and younger than the Early to Middle Devonian Acadian orogeny.</p><p>The amphibole K-Ar and whole-rock Rb-Sr systems have responded in a complex way to postcrystallization disturbances. We interpret the pattern of ages for the Quincy Granite to reflect a late Paleozoic(?), low-temperature alteration that accompanied extensive faulting, and the patterns of ages for the Cape Ann and Peabody Granites to reflect a Devonian heating possibly related to contact metamorphism by a nearby mafic pluton.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[937:RALOOT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Zartman, R.E., and Marvin, R.F., 1971, Radiometric age (Late Ordovician) of the Quincy, Cape Ann, and Peabody Granites from eastern Massachusetts: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 4, p. 937-957, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[937:RALOOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"937","endPage":"957","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.88104248046875,\n              42.53486817758702\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.64483642578125,\n              42.577354839557856\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.5816650390625,\n              42.65214190481525\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.62286376953124,\n              42.69858589169842\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.65719604492188,\n              42.696567309696974\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.69015502929688,\n              42.66123150298925\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.76568603515625,\n              42.69555799408926\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.80001831054688,\n              42.71574118930587\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.86318969726562,\n              42.68849232550868\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.90576171875,\n              42.712714128355564\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.99227905273438,\n              42.66022161324799\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.02935791015625,\n              42.60667398549725\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.88104248046875,\n              42.53486817758702\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.19621276855469,\n              42.459940352216556\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.91262817382812,\n              42.459940352216556\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.91262817382812,\n              42.56673588590953\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.19621276855469,\n              42.56673588590953\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.19621276855469,\n              42.459940352216556\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.13372802734375,\n              42.11859868281563\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.89958190917969,\n              42.11859868281563\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.89958190917969,\n              42.23105950761338\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.13372802734375,\n              42.23105950761338\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.13372802734375,\n              42.11859868281563\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zartman, Robert E.","contributorId":47356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marvin, Richard F.","contributorId":23125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227413,"text":"70227413 - 1971 - Nationwide study of the streamflow data program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-13T21:20:48.669918","indexId":"70227413","displayToPublicDate":"1971-04-01T15:15:09","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nationwide study of the streamflow data program","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>During 1970 the Geological Survey conducted a study to evaluate the surface-water data collection program. Objectives were formulated, specific goals were set, a massive analysis of available data was made to determine the extent to which the present system enables the goals to be met, alternatives were considered for meeting the remaining goals, and finally, specific elements were identified for inclusion in the future program. The results of the evaluation will be used in planning the future streamflow data program. Less productive elements in the present program can be weeded out, and the effort devoted to more critically needed water data. The study provides the groundwork for redirection of efforts towards a more efficient system for satisfying present and future needs.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1971.tb05922.x","usgsCitation":"Carter, R.W., and Benson, M.A., 1971, Nationwide study of the streamflow data program: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 7, no. 2, p. 383-385, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1971.tb05922.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"385","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394346,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-66.59993,17.98182],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-156.02368,19.81422],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.91907,20.17395],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.78505,20.2487],[-155.40214,20.07975],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-155.06226,19.8591],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-154.83147,19.45328],[-155.22217,19.23972],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.58673,20.783],[-156.70167,20.8643],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-156.78933,21.06873],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-157.70703,21.26442],[-157.7786,21.27729],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.2538,21.53919],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.94161,21.65272],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.74877,22.1382],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-94.81758,49.38905],[-94.64,48.84],[-94.32914,48.67074],[-93.63087,48.60926],[-92.61,48.45],[-91.64,48.14],[-90.83,48.27],[-89.6,48.01],[-89.27292,48.01981],[-88.37811,48.30292],[-87.43979,47.94],[-86.46199,47.55334],[-85.65236,47.22022],[-84.87608,46.90008],[-84.77924,46.6371],[-84.54375,46.53868],[-84.6049,46.4396],[-84.3367,46.40877],[-84.14212,46.51223],[-84.09185,46.27542],[-83.89077,46.11693],[-83.61613,46.11693],[-83.46955,45.99469],[-83.59285,45.81689],[-82.55092,45.34752],[-82.33776,44.44],[-82.13764,43.57109],[-82.43,42.98],[-82.9,42.43],[-83.12,42.08],[-83.142,41.97568],[-83.02981,41.8328],[-82.69009,41.67511],[-82.43928,41.67511],[-81.27775,42.20903],[-80.24745,42.3662],[-78.93936,42.86361],[-78.92,42.965],[-79.01,43.27],[-79.17167,43.46634],[-78.72028,43.62509],[-77.73789,43.62906],[-76.82003,43.62878],[-76.5,44.01846],[-76.375,44.09631],[-75.31821,44.81645],[-74.867,45.00048],[-73.34783,45.00738],[-71.50506,45.0082],[-71.405,45.255],[-71.08482,45.30524],[-70.66,45.46],[-70.305,45.915],[-69.99997,46.69307],[-69.23722,47.44778],[-68.905,47.185],[-68.23444,47.35486],[-67.79046,47.06636],[-67.79134,45.70281],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-69.06,43.98],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-70.64,41.475],[-71.12039,41.49445],[-71.86,41.32],[-72.295,41.27],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.20002,39.24845],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.37747,38.01551],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.86804,36.55125],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.08801,26.20576],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.24,26.73],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.28784,29.68612],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-93.84842,29.71363],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-98.24,26.06],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.3,26.84],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.45584,28.69612],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-104.70575,30.12173],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-105.63159,31.08383],[-106.1429,31.39995],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.75485],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-109.035,31.34194],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-113.30498,32.03914],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-115.99135,32.61239],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-122.95319,38.11371],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-124.02053,44.6159],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.39567,47.72017],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.5,48.18],[-122.84,49],[-120,49],[-117.03121,49],[-116.04818,49],[-113,49],[-110.05,49],[-107.05,49],[-104.04826,48.99986],[-100.65,49],[-97.22872,49.0007],[-95.15907,49],[-95.15609,49.38425],[-94.81758,49.38905]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.76278,57.81657],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-166.84834,59.94141],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-169.68251,63.43112],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-168.77194,63.1886],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.29056,63.19444],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]],[[[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-147.61336,70.21403],[-145.68999,70.12001],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-142.07251,69.85194],[-140.98599,69.712],[-140.9925,66.00003],[-140.99777,60.3064],[-140.013,60.27684],[-139.039,60.00001],[-138.34089,59.56211],[-137.4525,58.905],[-136.47972,59.46389],[-135.47583,59.78778],[-134.945,59.27056],[-134.27111,58.86111],[-133.35555,58.41029],[-132.73042,57.69289],[-131.70781,56.55212],[-130.00778,55.91583],[-129.97999,55.285],[-130.53611,54.80275],[-131.08582,55.17891],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-135.03821,58.18771],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-140.82527,59.72752],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-145.92556,60.45861],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-148.57082,59.91417],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-150.60824,59.36821],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-155.30749,57.72779],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-161.22305,55.36473],[-162.23777,55.02419],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-163.84834,55.03943],[-162.87,55.34804],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-158.68444,57.01668],[-158.4611,57.21692],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-164.66222,60.26748],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-161.39193,64.77724],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-166.70527,66.08832],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-164.43099,67.61634],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-160.9348,70.44769],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"United States\"}}]}","volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, R. W.","contributorId":77125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benson, M. A.","contributorId":32510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227347,"text":"70227347 - 1971 - Petrologic and geophysical nature of serpentinites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T20:59:03.293383","indexId":"70227347","displayToPublicDate":"1971-04-01T14:54:06","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrologic and geophysical nature of serpentinites","docAbstract":"<p>Mineralogically, serpentinites consist predominantly of lizardite, clinochrysotile, and antigorite. Recent work has shown that these minerals are not polymorphs. Chrysotile is the only mineral recognized as a synthetic product in experimental studies of the system MgO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O. Antigorite seems to be stable at higher temperatures than lizardite or chrysotile. The density of individual serpentine species is dependent on their morphology; the low-density serpentinites (&lt;2.55g/cc) consist predominantly of clino-chrysotile. Seismic velocities and magnetic susceptibilities of serpentinites are related to the degree of serpentinization. The transition of massive serpentinites from ductile to brittle behavior in laboratory experiments at high confining pressures and temperatures above 300°C has been related to dehydration which may provide a mechanism for developing deep-focus earthquakes along Benioff zones.</p><p>Serpentinite is formed by direct hydration of ultramafic protolith in the crust. The most common ultramafic protoliths are harzburgite, dunite, and Iherzolite. The assemblage generally developed from these is lizardite + chrysotile + brucite + magnetite. In areas of high-grade metamorphism, antigorite is the predominant serpentine mineral. The common, large, alpine-type serpentinized ultramafic masses contain brucite and have MgO/SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios similar to those of their protolith, resulting in volume increase during serpentinization. Metamorphic serpentinites and some highly sheared alpine-type serpentinites have lower MgO/SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios than their protolith, lack brucite, and appear t o have been formed by volume-for-volume replacement with concomitant loss of magnesium or addition of silica.</p><p>Many large, young masses of peridotite appear to be slabs of oceanic mantle over-thrust onto continental edges. Subsequent sedimentation, serpentinization, and tectonism have greatly modified these original slabs so that their recognition in older orogenic zones is equivocal. The concept of the tectonic evolution of ultramafic rocks from oceanic crust-mantle slabs invading continental margins and being incrementally serpentinized and moved by later tectonic events provides a working hypothesis that allows a better explanation of the many peculiar and varied occurrences of serpentinite. The evidence does not support Hess' suggestion that the third layer of the oceanic crust consists of partly serpentinized mantle peridotite.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[897:PAGNOS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Coleman, R.G., 1971, Petrologic and geophysical nature of serpentinites: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 4, p. 897-917, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[897:PAGNOS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"897","endPage":"917","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394139,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coleman, Robert G.","contributorId":88022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207391,"text":"70207391 - 1971 - Correlation of uranium, thorium, and potassium with aeroradioaetivity in the Berea Area, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T07:34:24","indexId":"70207391","displayToPublicDate":"1971-04-01T14:32:04","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of uranium, thorium, and potassium with aeroradioaetivity in the Berea Area, Virginia","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the Berea area, a small quartz monzonite pluton intrudes chlorite-actinolite schist and is overlapped by Coastal Plain sand and gravel deposits. A detailed aeroradioactivity survey of the area shows unusually high radioactivity (1,150 counts per second) over the quartz monzonite. A total of 22 auger samples was taken across all formations to a depth of 2 to 3 feet, and radioelement concentrations were determined by gamma-ray spectrometry. There is a general direct correlation of high radioactivity with increase in radioelement concentrations. Abundances of uranium and particularly thorium in the quartz monzonite are two and three times the average for rocks of this type; a comparison is made with other granitic rocks high in uranium and thorium. © 1971 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.2.302","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Neuschel, S., Bunker, C.M., and Busa, C., 1971, Correlation of uranium, thorium, and potassium with aeroradioaetivity in the Berea Area, Virginia: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 2, p. 302-308, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.2.302.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"308","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-75.973607,37.835817],[-75.971705,37.830928],[-75.977301,37.825821],[-75.982158,37.806226],[-75.987301,37.804917],[-75.9983,37.812626],[-75.999658,37.848198],[-75.992556,37.848889],[-75.988018,37.841085],[-75.973607,37.835817]]],[[[-76.029405,37.953776],[-75.994739,37.953501],[-76.017592,37.935161],[-76.032491,37.915008],[-76.04653,37.953586],[-76.029405,37.953776]]],[[[-75.242266,38.027209],[-75.296871,37.959043],[-75.334296,37.893477],[-75.359036,37.864143],[-75.374642,37.859454],[-75.40054,37.874865],[-75.437868,37.872324],[-75.467951,37.851328],[-75.514921,37.799149],[-75.581333,37.683593],[-75.586136,37.660653],[-75.610808,37.605909],[-75.612237,37.585602],[-75.608123,37.578018],[-75.595716,37.576657],[-75.594044,37.569698],[-75.63337,37.52214],[-75.666178,37.472124],[-75.66179,37.455028],[-75.665957,37.439209],[-75.697914,37.405301],[-75.720739,37.373129],[-75.727335,37.360346],[-75.726691,37.350127],[-75.735829,37.335426],[-75.765401,37.305596],[-75.778817,37.297176],[-75.784634,37.300976],[-75.798448,37.296285],[-75.79083,37.276207],[-75.799343,37.251779],[-75.789929,37.228134],[-75.804446,37.208011],[-75.800755,37.197297],[-75.897298,37.118037],[-75.912308,37.115154],[-75.92552,37.133601],[-75.945872,37.120514],[-75.97043,37.118608],[-75.978083,37.157338],[-76.013071,37.205366],[-76.010535,37.231579],[-76.025753,37.257407],[-76.023664,37.268971],[-76.015507,37.280874],[-76.023475,37.289067],[-76.018645,37.31782],[-76.014251,37.331943],[-75.987122,37.368548],[-75.97997,37.404608],[-75.983105,37.415802],[-75.981624,37.434116],[-75.960877,37.467562],[-75.963326,37.481785],[-75.958966,37.500133],[-75.940318,37.534582],[-75.937665,37.549652],[-75.941182,37.563839],[-75.924756,37.600215],[-75.909586,37.622671],[-75.868481,37.668224],[-75.868355,37.687609],[-75.859262,37.703111],[-75.837685,37.712985],[-75.827922,37.737986],[-75.812155,37.749502],[-75.803041,37.762464],[-75.818125,37.791698],[-75.784599,37.806826],[-75.743097,37.806656],[-75.73588,37.816561],[-75.723224,37.820124],[-75.71659,37.826696],[-75.709114,37.8477],[-75.689837,37.861817],[-75.685293,37.873341],[-75.687584,37.88634],[-75.709626,37.900622],[-75.753048,37.896605],[-75.758796,37.897615],[-75.757694,37.903912],[-75.712065,37.936082],[-75.704318,37.92901],[-75.693942,37.930362],[-75.669711,37.950796],[-75.655681,37.945435],[-75.647606,37.947027],[-75.648229,37.966775],[-75.638221,37.979397],[-75.629532,37.975966],[-75.633712,37.983057],[-75.624342,37.994208],[-75.242266,38.027209]]],[[[-77.041898,38.741514],[-77.041398,38.724515],[-77.045498,38.714315],[-77.053199,38.709915],[-77.079499,38.709515],[-77.1059,38.696815],[-77.132501,38.673816],[-77.135901,38.649817],[-77.1302,38.635017],[-77.157501,38.636417],[-77.174902,38.624217],[-77.202002,38.617217],[-77.216303,38.637817],[-77.240604,38.638917],[-77.246704,38.635217],[-77.247003,38.590618],[-77.26443,38.582845],[-77.26083,38.56533],[-77.276603,38.54712],[-77.276303,38.53962],[-77.283503,38.525221],[-77.310334,38.493926],[-77.322622,38.467131],[-77.32544,38.44885],[-77.310719,38.397669],[-77.317288,38.383576],[-77.296077,38.369797],[-77.279633,38.339444],[-77.265295,38.333165],[-77.240072,38.331598],[-77.162692,38.345994],[-77.138224,38.367917],[-77.08481,38.368297],[-77.069956,38.377895],[-77.056032,38.3962],[-77.043526,38.400548],[-77.011827,38.374554],[-77.016932,38.341697],[-77.030683,38.311623],[-77.026304,38.302685],[-76.99767,38.278047],[-76.981372,38.274214],[-76.96215,38.256486],[-76.957417,38.236341],[-76.967335,38.227185],[-76.962311,38.214075],[-76.937134,38.202384],[-76.910832,38.197073],[-76.875272,38.172207],[-76.838795,38.163476],[-76.788445,38.169199],[-76.760241,38.166581],[-76.743064,38.156988],[-76.738938,38.14651],[-76.721722,38.137635],[-76.704048,38.149264],[-76.701297,38.155718],[-76.684892,38.156497],[-76.665127,38.147638],[-76.643448,38.14825],[-76.629476,38.15305],[-76.613939,38.148587],[-76.604131,38.128771],[-76.600937,38.110084],[-76.579497,38.09487],[-76.543155,38.076971],[-76.535919,38.069532],[-76.516547,38.026566],[-76.469343,38.013544],[-76.462542,37.998572],[-76.416299,37.966828],[-76.343848,37.947345],[-76.265998,37.91138],[-76.236725,37.889174],[-76.251358,37.833072],[-76.275178,37.812664],[-76.282592,37.814109],[-76.284904,37.822308],[-76.293525,37.822717],[-76.307482,37.81235],[-76.310307,37.794849],[-76.306489,37.788646],[-76.312108,37.750522],[-76.304917,37.729913],[-76.312858,37.720338],[-76.300067,37.695364],[-76.302545,37.689],[-76.324808,37.676983],[-76.339892,37.655966],[-76.332562,37.645817],[-76.292534,37.636098],[-76.279447,37.618225],[-76.28037,37.613715],[-76.309174,37.621892],[-76.36232,37.610368],[-76.381106,37.627003],[-76.390054,37.630326],[-76.399236,37.628636],[-76.472392,37.665772],[-76.489576,37.666201],[-76.497564,37.647056],[-76.510187,37.642324],[-76.536548,37.663574],[-76.537228,37.698892],[-76.560476,37.727827],[-76.584289,37.76889],[-76.602024,37.772731],[-76.651413,37.796239],[-76.680197,37.825654],[-76.701606,37.822677],[-76.72718,37.842263],[-76.747552,37.875864],[-76.765711,37.879274],[-76.784618,37.869569],[-76.766328,37.840437],[-76.723863,37.788503],[-76.689773,37.78519],[-76.683775,37.781391],[-76.683372,37.765507],[-76.677002,37.7561],[-76.61971,37.744795],[-76.61997,37.731271],[-76.597213,37.717269],[-76.597868,37.702918],[-76.579591,37.671508],[-76.583143,37.661986],[-76.574049,37.646781],[-76.542666,37.616857],[-76.527188,37.611315],[-76.435474,37.612807],[-76.420252,37.598686],[-76.410781,37.581815],[-76.383188,37.573056],[-76.357835,37.573699],[-76.300144,37.561734],[-76.29796,37.557636],[-76.302762,37.551295],[-76.330598,37.536391],[-76.348992,37.536548],[-76.360474,37.51924],[-76.352678,37.504913],[-76.32947,37.49492],[-76.306952,37.497488],[-76.297739,37.506863],[-76.297651,37.515424],[-76.293599,37.516499],[-76.281043,37.507821],[-76.265056,37.481365],[-76.252415,37.447274],[-76.245283,37.386839],[-76.24846,37.375135],[-76.264847,37.357399],[-76.272888,37.335174],[-76.275552,37.309964],[-76.282555,37.319107],[-76.308581,37.329366],[-76.31205,37.338088],[-76.337476,37.364014],[-76.387112,37.385061],[-76.393958,37.39594],[-76.415167,37.402133],[-76.418719,37.3978],[-76.418176,37.385064],[-76.437525,37.37975],[-76.445333,37.36646],[-76.406388,37.332924],[-76.38777,37.30767],[-76.381075,37.28534],[-76.369029,37.279311],[-76.352556,37.278334],[-76.349489,37.273963],[-76.392788,37.264973],[-76.417173,37.26395],[-76.421765,37.255198],[-76.429141,37.25331],[-76.475927,37.250543],[-76.48284,37.254831],[-76.493302,37.24947],[-76.50364,37.233856],[-76.494008,37.225408],[-76.471799,37.216016],[-76.394132,37.22515],[-76.389793,37.222981],[-76.396052,37.201087],[-76.389284,37.193503],[-76.391252,37.179887],[-76.399659,37.160272],[-76.381379,37.155711],[-76.35969,37.16858],[-76.348658,37.170655],[-76.343234,37.166207],[-76.34405,37.160367],[-76.334017,37.144223],[-76.311088,37.138495],[-76.292344,37.126615],[-76.271262,37.084544],[-76.304272,37.001378],[-76.315008,37.001683],[-76.318065,37.013846],[-76.34011,37.015212],[-76.348066,37.006747],[-76.383367,36.993347],[-76.411768,36.962847],[-76.428869,36.969947],[-76.452118,36.998163],[-76.452461,37.004603],[-76.448231,37.007705],[-76.464471,37.027547],[-76.518242,37.055351],[-76.526273,37.062947],[-76.526203,37.077773],[-76.536875,37.083942],[-76.555066,37.075859],[-76.564219,37.077507],[-76.579499,37.096627],[-76.618252,37.119347],[-76.62478,37.127091],[-76.622252,37.142146],[-76.604476,37.160034],[-76.606684,37.166674],[-76.610972,37.166994],[-76.623292,37.198738],[-76.649869,37.220914],[-76.689166,37.222866],[-76.730951,37.213813],[-76.74,37.195379],[-76.75047,37.190098],[-76.757765,37.191658],[-76.780532,37.209336],[-76.801023,37.206043],[-76.802511,37.198308],[-76.796905,37.189404],[-76.756899,37.161582],[-76.747632,37.150548],[-76.73032,37.145395],[-76.715295,37.148035],[-76.696735,37.174403],[-76.691918,37.195731],[-76.685614,37.198851],[-76.663774,37.173875],[-76.67147,37.158739],[-76.671588,37.14206],[-76.666542,37.138179],[-76.656894,37.109843],[-76.669822,37.06426],[-76.662558,37.045748],[-76.646013,37.036228],[-76.612124,37.035604],[-76.586491,37.02874],[-76.562923,37.003796],[-76.524853,36.983833],[-76.521006,36.973187],[-76.513363,36.968057],[-76.500355,36.965212],[-76.487559,36.952372],[-76.482407,36.917364],[-76.483369,36.896239],[-76.469914,36.882898],[-76.454692,36.884077],[-76.453941,36.89274],[-76.441605,36.906116],[-76.407507,36.897444],[-76.387567,36.899547],[-76.385867,36.923247],[-76.345569,36.924531],[-76.344663,36.919313],[-76.328864,36.918447],[-76.330765,36.938647],[-76.327365,36.959447],[-76.315867,36.955351],[-76.297663,36.968147],[-76.267962,36.964547],[-76.22166,36.939547],[-76.139557,36.923047],[-76.095508,36.908817],[-76.058154,36.916947],[-76.033454,36.931946],[-76.013753,36.930746],[-75.996252,36.922047],[-75.94955,36.76115],[-75.921748,36.692051],[-75.890946,36.630753],[-75.874145,36.583853],[-75.867044,36.550754],[-76.915897,36.552093],[-76.916048,36.543815],[-77.152691,36.544078],[-77.16966,36.547315],[-77.205156,36.544581],[-78.245462,36.544411],[-78.529722,36.540981],[-80.122183,36.542646],[-80.295243,36.543973],[-80.704831,36.562319],[-80.837089,36.559154],[-81.003802,36.563629],[-81.176712,36.571926],[-81.442228,36.576822],[-81.600934,36.587019],[-81.677535,36.588117],[-81.6469,36.611918],[-81.922644,36.616213],[-81.934144,36.594213],[-83.248933,36.593827],[-83.2763,36.598187],[-83.55681,36.597384],[-83.675413,36.600814],[-83.649513,36.616683],[-83.645213,36.624183],[-83.628913,36.624083],[-83.607913,36.637083],[-83.577312,36.641784],[-83.562612,36.651284],[-83.541812,36.656584],[-83.529612,36.666184],[-83.498011,36.670485],[-83.466483,36.6647],[-83.423707,36.667385],[-83.395806,36.676786],[-83.386099,36.686589],[-83.307103,36.711387],[-83.194597,36.739487],[-83.136395,36.743088],[-83.127833,36.750828],[-83.126719,36.761],[-83.132477,36.764398],[-83.128494,36.775588],[-83.131694,36.781488],[-83.103092,36.806689],[-83.098492,36.814289],[-83.101792,36.829089],[-83.07519,36.840889],[-83.07259,36.854589],[-83.047589,36.851789],[-83.026887,36.855489],[-83.021887,36.849989],[-83.009222,36.847295],[-82.998376,36.85663],[-82.970253,36.857686],[-82.951685,36.866152],[-82.907774,36.874706],[-82.906325,36.87974],[-82.879492,36.889085],[-82.870068,36.901735],[-82.877473,36.90796],[-82.858635,36.927785],[-82.861282,36.944848],[-82.856099,36.952471],[-82.87023,36.965498],[-82.868455,36.976481],[-82.862926,36.979975],[-82.857936,36.978276],[-82.853729,36.985178],[-82.845002,36.983812],[-82.836008,36.988837],[-82.830802,36.993445],[-82.828592,37.005707],[-82.782144,37.008242],[-82.759175,37.027333],[-82.747981,37.025214],[-82.743684,37.041397],[-82.722472,37.045101],[-82.727022,37.073019],[-82.718353,37.075706],[-82.717204,37.079544],[-82.724954,37.091905],[-82.721617,37.101276],[-82.726449,37.114985],[-82.722097,37.120168],[-82.684601,37.135835],[-82.676765,37.134965],[-82.651646,37.151908],[-82.633493,37.154264],[-82.592451,37.182847],[-82.550372,37.204458],[-82.531576,37.209163],[-82.528746,37.213742],[-82.520117,37.212906],[-82.498858,37.227044],[-82.491486,37.225086],[-82.487317,37.230578],[-82.457016,37.238288],[-82.449164,37.243908],[-82.350948,37.267077],[-82.342068,37.274109],[-82.341849,37.280886],[-82.324619,37.28318],[-82.309415,37.300066],[-81.968297,37.537798],[-81.969279,37.534325],[-81.959362,37.53522],[-81.953524,37.528056],[-81.943981,37.5303],[-81.94766,37.52508],[-81.943693,37.521212],[-81.944756,37.513657],[-81.938749,37.512902],[-81.933088,37.518968],[-81.926391,37.514207],[-81.941151,37.509483],[-81.943912,37.502929],[-81.951831,37.50205],[-81.953264,37.491763],[-81.964986,37.493488],[-81.977593,37.484603],[-81.992916,37.482969],[-81.995649,37.469833],[-81.987006,37.454878],[-81.976176,37.457186],[-81.965582,37.446918],[-81.949367,37.445687],[-81.945765,37.440214],[-81.935621,37.438397],[-81.940553,37.429058],[-81.93695,37.41992],[-81.923481,37.411379],[-81.930042,37.405291],[-81.928778,37.393845],[-81.936744,37.38073],[-81.926697,37.364618],[-81.928497,37.360645],[-81.916678,37.349346],[-81.899495,37.341102],[-81.893773,37.330105],[-81.880886,37.331146],[-81.860267,37.315715],[-81.865429,37.31012],[-81.859624,37.304765],[-81.856032,37.306742],[-81.853551,37.287701],[-81.849949,37.285227],[-81.838762,37.286343],[-81.834432,37.285416],[-81.83447,37.281763],[-81.819625,37.279411],[-81.805382,37.285622],[-81.793595,37.284838],[-81.793639,37.282188],[-81.789294,37.284416],[-81.774747,37.274847],[-81.76022,37.275254],[-81.745505,37.26133],[-81.744291,37.244178],[-81.739277,37.238837],[-81.723061,37.240493],[-81.716248,37.234321],[-81.71573,37.228771],[-81.695113,37.21357],[-81.683544,37.211452],[-81.683268,37.205649],[-81.678603,37.202467],[-81.5536,37.208443],[-81.545211,37.220165],[-81.508786,37.232564],[-81.498874,37.258025],[-81.492287,37.25096],[-81.480144,37.251121],[-81.449068,37.269583],[-81.416663,37.273214],[-81.40506,37.298794],[-81.398185,37.302965],[-81.394287,37.316411],[-81.388132,37.319903],[-81.374455,37.318614],[-81.362156,37.337687],[-81.320105,37.299323],[-81.225104,37.234874],[-81.167029,37.262881],[-81.112596,37.278497],[-80.979589,37.302279],[-80.981322,37.293465],[-80.966556,37.292158],[-80.947896,37.295872],[-80.900535,37.315],[-80.868986,37.338573],[-80.849451,37.346909],[-80.883248,37.383933],[-80.862761,37.411829],[-80.865148,37.419927],[-80.859563,37.429558],[-80.846324,37.423394],[-80.837678,37.425658],[-80.808769,37.406271],[-80.806129,37.398074],[-80.784188,37.394587],[-80.770082,37.372363],[-80.705203,37.394618],[-80.645893,37.422147],[-80.63439,37.431227],[-80.622664,37.433307],[-80.552036,37.473563],[-80.511391,37.481672],[-80.492981,37.457749],[-80.49728,37.444779],[-80.494867,37.43507],[-80.475601,37.422949],[-80.371952,37.474069],[-80.36317,37.480001],[-80.366838,37.484879],[-80.309331,37.50288],[-80.299789,37.508271],[-80.282385,37.533517],[-80.291644,37.536505],[-80.309346,37.527381],[-80.330306,37.536244],[-80.312393,37.546239],[-80.328504,37.564315],[-80.258919,37.595499],[-80.240272,37.606961],[-80.220984,37.627767],[-80.267228,37.646011],[-80.279372,37.657077],[-80.296138,37.691783],[-80.253077,37.725899],[-80.252024,37.729825],[-80.262765,37.738336],[-80.257411,37.756084],[-80.251622,37.755866],[-80.246902,37.768309],[-80.230458,37.778305],[-80.217634,37.776775],[-80.215892,37.781989],[-80.227965,37.791714],[-80.227092,37.798886],[-80.218611,37.809783],[-80.206482,37.81597],[-80.199633,37.827507],[-80.179391,37.839751],[-80.183062,37.850646],[-80.176712,37.854029],[-80.162202,37.875122],[-80.148951,37.886892],[-80.141947,37.882616],[-80.12362,37.897943],[-80.117747,37.89772],[-80.118967,37.903614],[-80.102931,37.918911],[-80.096563,37.918112],[-80.074514,37.942221],[-80.04841,37.957481],[-79.999384,37.995842],[-79.995901,38.005791],[-79.973701,38.032556],[-79.954369,38.080397],[-79.92633,38.107151],[-79.938051,38.110759],[-79.944843,38.131585],[-79.933751,38.135508],[-79.925512,38.150237],[-79.918662,38.15479],[-79.914884,38.167524],[-79.917924,38.168399],[-79.916622,38.177994],[-79.921026,38.179954],[-79.91441,38.188418],[-79.898426,38.193045],[-79.888045,38.20736],[-79.850324,38.233329],[-79.846445,38.240003],[-79.835124,38.241892],[-79.830882,38.249687],[-79.817149,38.249511],[-79.811987,38.260401],[-79.806333,38.259193],[-79.790134,38.267654],[-79.789791,38.281167],[-79.795448,38.290228],[-79.802778,38.292073],[-79.810115,38.305037],[-79.808711,38.309429],[-79.79655,38.32348],[-79.77309,38.335529],[-79.764432,38.356514],[-79.740615,38.354101],[-79.725973,38.363229],[-79.72679,38.370832],[-79.730494,38.372217],[-79.72635,38.38707],[-79.706634,38.41573],[-79.689675,38.431439],[-79.691478,38.446282],[-79.688365,38.45687],[-79.698929,38.469869],[-79.693424,38.481011],[-79.697572,38.487223],[-79.692273,38.496474],[-79.682974,38.501317],[-79.680374,38.510617],[-79.670474,38.507717],[-79.663474,38.514117],[-79.662974,38.518717],[-79.672974,38.528717],[-79.666874,38.538317],[-79.669275,38.549516],[-79.665075,38.560916],[-79.659275,38.562416],[-79.659375,38.572616],[-79.649075,38.591515],[-79.53827,38.551817],[-79.521469,38.533918],[-79.476638,38.457228],[-79.312276,38.411876],[-79.288432,38.42096],[-79.282971,38.418095],[-79.279678,38.424173],[-79.282762,38.431647],[-79.267414,38.438322],[-79.254435,38.455949],[-79.242641,38.454168],[-79.240059,38.469841],[-79.225669,38.476471],[-79.219067,38.487441],[-79.210591,38.492913],[-79.206959,38.503522],[-79.210959,38.507422],[-79.205859,38.524521],[-79.176658,38.56552],[-79.170958,38.56812],[-79.170858,38.574119],[-79.158657,38.592319],[-79.159158,38.601219],[-79.151257,38.620618],[-79.131057,38.653217],[-79.122256,38.659817],[-79.106356,38.656217],[-79.092955,38.659517],[-79.084355,38.686516],[-79.090755,38.692515],[-79.092755,38.702315],[-79.072555,38.747513],[-79.057554,38.760213],[-79.055654,38.770913],[-79.051554,38.772613],[-79.054954,38.785713],[-79.046554,38.792113],[-79.029253,38.791013],[-79.023053,38.798613],[-79.024053,38.809212],[-79.019553,38.817912],[-79.006152,38.824512],[-78.998171,38.847353],[-78.993997,38.850102],[-78.869276,38.762991],[-78.786025,38.887187],[-78.759085,38.900529],[-78.738921,38.927283],[-78.718482,38.934267],[-78.71981,38.905907],[-78.717178,38.904296],[-78.704323,38.915231],[-78.69738,38.915602],[-78.670679,38.9338],[-78.646589,38.968138],[-78.638423,38.966819],[-78.625672,38.982575],[-78.620453,38.982601],[-78.618676,38.974082],[-78.611184,38.976134],[-78.601655,38.964603],[-78.570462,39.001552],[-78.550467,39.018065],[-78.571901,39.031995],[-78.540216,39.060631],[-78.522714,39.071062],[-78.495984,39.09898],[-78.478426,39.109843],[-78.475376,39.107469],[-78.459869,39.113351],[-78.439429,39.132146],[-78.427294,39.152726],[-78.403697,39.167451],[-78.426315,39.182762],[-78.428697,39.187217],[-78.424292,39.192156],[-78.438651,39.198049],[-78.405585,39.231176],[-78.404214,39.241214],[-78.399669,39.243874],[-78.418584,39.256065],[-78.414204,39.26391],[-78.367242,39.310148],[-78.364686,39.317312],[-78.35894,39.319484],[-78.346301,39.339108],[-78.347634,39.34272],[-78.339284,39.348605],[-78.34048,39.353492],[-78.366867,39.35929],[-78.343214,39.388807],[-78.350014,39.392861],[-78.349436,39.397252],[-78.359918,39.409028],[-78.346718,39.427618],[-78.353227,39.436792],[-78.346061,39.445613],[-78.345143,39.459484],[-78.349476,39.462205],[-78.347087,39.466012],[-77.828157,39.132329],[-77.822182,39.139985],[-77.821413,39.15241],[-77.805991,39.172421],[-77.793631,39.210125],[-77.771415,39.236776],[-77.767277,39.24938],[-77.770589,39.249393],[-77.770669,39.255262],[-77.762844,39.258445],[-77.747287,39.295001],[-77.730047,39.315666],[-77.719029,39.321125],[-77.692984,39.31845],[-77.677123,39.324077],[-77.650997,39.310784],[-77.615939,39.302722],[-77.592739,39.30129],[-77.566596,39.306121],[-77.561826,39.301913],[-77.560854,39.286152],[-77.540581,39.264947],[-77.486813,39.247586],[-77.45812,39.22614],[-77.459883,39.218682],[-77.47361,39.208407],[-77.477362,39.190495],[-77.505162,39.18205],[-77.516426,39.170891],[-77.527282,39.146236],[-77.524559,39.127821],[-77.519929,39.120925],[-77.4858,39.109303],[-77.458202,39.073723],[-77.38568,39.061987],[-77.340287,39.062991],[-77.293105,39.046508],[-77.274706,39.034091],[-77.248403,39.026909],[-77.244603,39.020109],[-77.255703,39.002409],[-77.249203,38.993709],[-77.249803,38.985909],[-77.234803,38.97631],[-77.232268,38.979502],[-77.221502,38.97131],[-77.197502,38.96681],[-77.183002,38.96881],[-77.148179,38.965002],[-77.1034,38.912911],[-77.0902,38.904211],[-77.067299,38.899211],[-77.058254,38.880069],[-77.049099,38.870712],[-77.046599,38.874912],[-77.039099,38.868112],[-77.031698,38.850512],[-77.032798,38.841712],[-77.044199,38.840212],[-77.044899,38.834712],[-77.039199,38.832212],[-77.035798,38.814913],[-77.041898,38.741514]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Virginia\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuschel, S.K.","contributorId":103737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuschel","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunker, C. M.","contributorId":75138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunker","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Busa, C.A.","contributorId":221341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Busa","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70227392,"text":"70227392 - 1971 - Gravitational sliding and the foreland thrust and fold belt of the North American Cordillera: Reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T20:23:18.073656","indexId":"70227392","displayToPublicDate":"1971-04-01T14:03:40","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravitational sliding and the foreland thrust and fold belt of the North American Cordillera: Reply","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[1139:GSATFT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mudge, M.R., 1971, Gravitational sliding and the foreland thrust and fold belt of the North American Cordillera: Reply: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 4, p. 1139-1140, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[1139:GSATFT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1139","endPage":"1140","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"North America, North American Cordillera","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -158.73046875,\n              66.67038675925365\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.974609375,\n              65.53117097417717\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.634765625,\n              64.03374392176401\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.83203125,\n              64.22549260465593\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.205078125,\n              63.95667333648766\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.9951171875,\n              62.65396335371416\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.95117187499997,\n              61.2913492826376\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.8740234375,\n              58.74540696858028\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.6865234375,\n              57.397624055000456\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.3876953125,\n              54.1109429427243\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.16796875,\n              53.12040528310657\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.9501953125,\n              55.55349545845371\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.9619140625,\n              55.55349545845371\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.0068359375,\n              57.468589192089354\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.083984375,\n              58.97266715450153\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.4580078125,\n              59.82273188377389\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.83203125,\n              59.66774058164963\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.810546875,\n              60.326947742998414\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.228515625,\n              59.80063426102869\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.943359375,\n              59.80063426102869\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.482421875,\n              59.108308258604964\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.3291015625,\n              58.19387126497797\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.669921875,\n              57.37393841871411\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.736328125,\n              56.07203547180089\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.923828125,\n              55.27911529201561\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.869140625,\n              53.69670647530323\n            ],\n            [\n              -128.408203125,\n              51.56341232867588\n            ],\n            [\n              -128.935546875,\n              50.792047064406866\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.0244140625,\n              48.31242790407178\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.27734374999999,\n              45.9511496866914\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.5849609375,\n              42.71473218539458\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.67285156250001,\n              40.78054143186033\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.0576171875,\n              39.605688178320804\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.78320312499999,\n              37.33522435930639\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.11328124999999,\n              34.45221847282654\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.861328125,\n              33.100745405144245\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.01562499999999,\n              29.458731185355344\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.1806640625,\n              29.19053283229458\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.47753906249999,\n              28.265682390146477\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.75195312499999,\n              28.265682390146477\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.26855468749999,\n              27.410785702577023\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.291015625,\n              26.54922257769204\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.412109375,\n              25.997549919572112\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.4560546875,\n              24.84656534821976\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.654296875,\n              23.443088931121785\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.12695312499999,\n              22.63429269379353\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.2919921875,\n              22.998851594142913\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.2041015625,\n              23.443088931121785\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.302734375,\n              24.84656534821976\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.3134765625,\n              26.62781822639305\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.763671875,\n              28.265682390146477\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.4228515625,\n              29.726222319395504\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.6533203125,\n              30.56226095049944\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.78515624999999,\n              32.69486597787505\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.2138671875,\n              34.23451236236987\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.4560546875,\n              33.284619968887675\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.70898437499999,\n              31.316101383495624\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.654296875,\n              29.57345707301757\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.720703125,\n              25.839449402063185\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.5126953125,\n              21.49396356306447\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8642578125,\n              20.385825381874263\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.46875,\n              19.601194161263145\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.88671875,\n              18.396230138028827\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.041015625,\n              17.5602465032949\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.0859375,\n              15.961329081596647\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.328125,\n              15.623036831528264\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.00976562499999,\n              16.172472808397515\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.0869140625,\n              15.876809064146757\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.197265625,\n              14.562317701914855\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.10937499999999,\n              15.411319377980993\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.7138671875,\n              16.088042220148818\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.439453125,\n              16.088042220148818\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.4833984375,\n              16.594081412718474\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.845703125,\n              18.104087015773956\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.6142578125,\n              18.396230138028827\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.240234375,\n              19.476950206488414\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.822265625,\n              21.289374355860424\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.61328125,\n              23.845649887659352\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.01953125,\n              26.78484736105119\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.162109375,\n              29.267232865200878\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.556640625,\n              31.690781806136822\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.765625,\n              33.46810795527896\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.67773437499999,\n              35.99578538642032\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.3701171875,\n              38.51378825951165\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.80957031249999,\n              39.977120098439634\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.501953125,\n              42.19596877629178\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.083984375,\n              44.213709909702054\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.2705078125,\n              45.398449976304086\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.19335937499999,\n              47.60616304386874\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.796875,\n              47.96050238891509\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.115234375,\n              49.410973199695846\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.6865234375,\n              50.51342652633956\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.31249999999999,\n              52.50953477032727\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.69628906249999,\n              54.13669645687002\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.5419921875,\n              55.50374985927514\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.34374999999999,\n              57.040729838360875\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.34374999999999,\n              58.401711667608\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.0576171875,\n              59.42272750081453\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.1787109375,\n              60.174306261926034\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.607421875,\n              61.2913492826376\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.134765625,\n              62.77483725887553\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.67285156250001,\n              63.213829705155625\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.892578125,\n              64.33990785750463\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.60644531250001,\n              65.09064558256851\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.814453125,\n              65.74868289493749\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.802734375,\n              66.08936427047088\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.6044921875,\n              66.80922097449334\n            ],\n            [\n              -135,\n              67.65938637009882\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.494140625,\n              68.92681148621786\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.98828125,\n              69.08425705053145\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.1416015625,\n              69.59589006237648\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.876953125,\n              69.83962194067463\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.283203125,\n              69.88501003874241\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.359375,\n              68.75231494434473\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.46875,\n              68.6245436634471\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.390625,\n              68.51214331858073\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.43359375,\n              69.09993967425089\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.65234374999997,\n              68.57644086491786\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.7294921875,\n              67.3905985915074\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.73046875,\n              66.67038675925365\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mudge, Melville Rhodes","contributorId":77119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mudge","given":"Melville","email":"","middleInitial":"Rhodes","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227441,"text":"70227441 - 1971 - Elevation-relief ratio, hypsometric integral, and geomorphic area-altitude analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-14T19:33:22.305326","indexId":"70227441","displayToPublicDate":"1971-04-01T13:27:16","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevation-relief ratio, hypsometric integral, and geomorphic area-altitude analysis","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Mathematical proof establishes identity of hypsometric integral and elevation-relief ratio, two quantitative topographic descriptors developed independently of one another for entirely different purposes. Operationally, values of both measures are in excellent agreement for arbitrarily bounded topographic samples, as well as for low-order fluvial watersheds. By using a point-sampling technique rather than planimetry, elevation-relief ratio (defined as mean elevation minus minimum elevation divided by relief) is calculated manually in about a third of the time required for the hypsometric integral.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[1079:ERHIAG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pike, R.J., and Wilson, S.E., 1971, Elevation-relief ratio, hypsometric integral, and geomorphic area-altitude analysis: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 4, p. 1079-1083, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[1079:ERHIAG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1079","endPage":"1083","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pike, Richard J. rpike@usgs.gov","contributorId":5753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"Richard","email":"rpike@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":830915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Stephen E.","contributorId":271122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227275,"text":"70227275 - 1971 - Gold content of natural waters in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T19:29:39.635675","indexId":"70227275","displayToPublicDate":"1971-04-01T13:21:16","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gold content of natural waters in Colorado","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Neutron activation analysis of 67 samples of water draining from gold-barren and gold-enriched sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks of the Colorado Front Range reveals a relatively small range in total gold content (nondetectable to 150 nanograms per liter). \"Solute\" gold concentrations were generally higher than particulate gold concentrations and both were unrelated to rock or water types. The data suggest the occurrence of a spring flush out of \"solute\" gold in groundwater discharge during the snow-melt recharge period but indicate that direct hydrogeochemical prospecting for gold is unpromising.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.2.309","usgsCitation":"Gosling, A.W., Jenne, E., and Chao, T.T., 1971, Gold content of natural waters in Colorado: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 2, p. 309-313, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.2.309.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"313","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Front Range","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-106.190554,40.997607],[-106.061181,40.996999],[-105.730421,40.996886],[-105.724804,40.99691],[-105.277138,40.998173],[-105.27686,40.998173],[-105.256527,40.998191],[-105.254779,40.99821],[-104.943371,40.998084],[-104.855273,40.998048],[-104.829504,40.99927],[-104.675999,41.000957],[-104.497149,41.001828],[-104.497058,41.001805],[-104.467672,41.001473],[-104.214692,41.001657],[-104.214191,41.001568],[-104.211473,41.001591],[-104.123586,41.001626],[-104.10459,41.001543],[-104.086068,41.001563],[-104.066961,41.001504],[-104.053249,41.001406],[-104.039238,41.001502],[-104.023383,41.001887],[-104.018223,41.001617],[-103.972642,41.001615],[-103.971373,41.001524],[-103.953525,41.001596],[-103.906324,41.001387],[-103.896207,41.00175],[-103.877967,41.001673],[-103.858449,41.001681],[-103.750498,41.002054],[-103.574522,41.001721],[-103.497447,41.001635],[-103.486697,41.001914],[-103.421975,41.002007],[-103.421925,41.001969],[-103.396991,41.002558],[-103.382492,41.002232],[-103.365314,41.001846],[-103.362979,41.001844],[-103.077804,41.002298],[-103.076536,41.002253],[-103.059538,41.002368],[-103.057998,41.002368],[-103.043444,41.002344],[-103.038704,41.002251],[-103.002026,41.002486],[-103.000102,41.0024],[-102.98269,41.002157],[-102.981483,41.002112],[-102.963669,41.002186],[-102.962522,41.002072],[-102.960706,41.002059],[-102.959624,41.002095],[-102.94483,41.002303],[-102.943109,41.002051],[-102.925568,41.00228],[-102.924029,41.002142],[-102.906547,41.002276],[-102.904796,41.002207],[-102.887407,41.002178],[-102.885746,41.002131],[-102.867822,41.002183],[-102.865784,41.001988],[-102.849263,41.002301],[-102.846455,41.002256],[-102.830303,41.002351],[-102.82728,41.002143],[-102.773546,41.002414],[-102.766723,41.002275],[-102.754617,41.002361],[-102.739624,41.00223],[-102.653463,41.002332],[-102.621033,41.002597],[-102.578696,41.002291],[-102.575738,41.002268],[-102.575496,41.0022],[-102.566048,41.0022],[-102.556789,41.002219],[-102.487955,41.002445],[-102.470537,41.002382],[-102.469223,41.002424],[-102.379593,41.002301],[-102.364066,41.002174],[-102.292833,41.002207],[-102.292622,41.00223],[-102.292553,41.002207],[-102.291354,41.002207],[-102.2721,41.002245],[-102.267812,41.002383],[-102.231931,41.002327],[-102.2122,41.002462],[-102.209361,41.002442],[-102.19121,41.002326],[-102.124972,41.002338],[-102.070598,41.002423],[-102.051718,41.002377],[-102.051614,41.002377],[-102.051292,40.749591],[-102.051292,40.749586],[-102.051398,40.697542],[-102.051725,40.537839],[-102.051519,40.520094],[-102.051465,40.440008],[-102.05184,40.396396],[-102.051572,40.39308],[-102.051798,40.360069],[-102.051553,40.349214],[-102.051309,40.338381],[-102.051922,40.235344],[-102.051894,40.229193],[-102.051909,40.162674],[-102.052001,40.148359],[-102.051744,40.003078],[-102.051569,39.849805],[-102.051363,39.843471],[-102.051318,39.833311],[-102.051254,39.818992],[-102.050594,39.675594],[-102.050099,39.653812],[-102.050422,39.646048],[-102.049954,39.592331],[-102.049806,39.574058],[-102.049764,39.56818],[-102.049554,39.538932],[-102.049673,39.536691],[-102.049679,39.506183],[-102.049369,39.423333],[-102.04937,39.41821],[-102.049167,39.403597],[-102.04896,39.373712],[-102.048449,39.303138],[-102.04725,39.13702],[-102.047189,39.133147],[-102.047134,39.129701],[-102.046571,39.047038],[-102.045388,38.813392],[-102.045334,38.799463],[-102.045448,38.783453],[-102.045371,38.770064],[-102.045287,38.755528],[-102.045375,38.754339],[-102.045212,38.697567],[-102.045156,38.688555],[-102.045127,38.686725],[-102.04516,38.675221],[-102.045102,38.674946],[-102.045074,38.669617],[-102.045288,38.615249],[-102.045288,38.615168],[-102.045211,38.581609],[-102.045189,38.558732],[-102.045223,38.543797],[-102.045112,38.523784],[-102.045262,38.505532],[-102.045263,38.505395],[-102.045324,38.453647],[-102.044936,38.41968],[-102.044442,38.415802],[-102.044944,38.384419],[-102.044613,38.312324],[-102.044568,38.268819],[-102.044567,38.268749],[-102.04451,38.262412],[-102.044398,38.250015],[-102.044251,38.141778],[-102.044589,38.125013],[-102.044255,38.113011],[-102.044644,38.045532],[-102.043844,37.928102],[-102.043845,37.926135],[-102.043219,37.867929],[-102.043033,37.824146],[-102.042953,37.803535],[-102.042668,37.788758],[-102.042158,37.760164],[-102.04199,37.738541],[-102.041876,37.723875],[-102.041574,37.680436],[-102.041694,37.665681],[-102.041582,37.654495],[-102.041585,37.644282],[-102.041618,37.607868],[-102.041894,37.557977],[-102.041899,37.541186],[-102.042016,37.535261],[-102.041786,37.506066],[-102.041801,37.469488],[-102.041755,37.434855],[-102.041669,37.43474],[-102.041676,37.409898],[-102.041586,37.38919],[-102.041524,37.375018],[-102.042089,37.352819],[-102.041974,37.352613],[-102.041817,37.30949],[-102.041664,37.29765],[-102.041963,37.258164],[-102.042002,37.141744],[-102.042135,37.125021],[-102.042092,37.125021],[-102.041809,37.111973],[-102.041983,37.106551],[-102.04192,37.035083],[-102.041749,37.034397],[-102.041921,37.032178],[-102.04195,37.030805],[-102.041952,37.024742],[-102.04224,36.993083],[-102.054503,36.993109],[-102.184271,36.993593],[-102.208316,36.99373],[-102.260789,36.994388],[-102.355288,36.994506],[-102.355367,36.994575],[-102.698142,36.995149],[-102.74206,36.997689],[-102.75986,37.000019],[-102.778569,36.999242],[-102.806762,37.000019],[-102.814616,37.000783],[-102.841989,36.999598],[-102.979613,36.998549],[-102.985807,36.998571],[-102.986976,36.998524],[-103.002199,37.000104],[-103.086106,37.000174],[-103.155922,37.000232],[-103.733247,36.998016],[-103.734364,36.998041],[-104.007855,36.996239],[-104.250536,36.994644],[-104.338833,36.993535],[-104.519257,36.993766],[-104.624556,36.994377],[-104.625545,36.993599],[-104.645029,36.993378],[-104.732031,36.993447],[-104.73212,36.993484],[-105.000554,36.993264],[-105.029228,36.992729],[-105.1208,36.995428],[-105.155042,36.995339],[-105.220613,36.995169],[-105.251296,36.995605],[-105.41931,36.995856],[-105.442459,36.995994],[-105.447255,36.996017],[-105.465182,36.995991],[-105.508836,36.995895],[-105.512485,36.995777],[-105.533922,36.995875],[-105.62747,36.995679],[-105.66472,36.995874],[-105.716471,36.995849],[-105.71847,36.995846],[-105.996159,36.995418],[-105.997472,36.995417],[-106.006634,36.995343],[-106.201469,36.994122],[-106.247705,36.994266],[-106.248675,36.994288],[-106.293279,36.99389],[-106.343139,36.99423],[-106.47628,36.993839],[-106.500589,36.993768],[-106.617159,36.992967],[-106.617125,36.993004],[-106.628652,36.993175],[-106.628733,36.993161],[-106.661344,36.993243],[-106.675626,36.993123],[-106.750591,36.992461],[-106.869796,36.992426],[-106.877292,37.000139],[-107.420913,37.000005],[-107.420915,37.000005],[-107.481737,37.000005],[-108.000623,37.000001],[-108.249358,36.999015],[-108.250635,36.999561],[-108.288086,36.999555],[-108.2884,36.99952],[-108.320464,36.999499],[-108.320721,36.99951],[-108.379203,36.999459],[-108.619689,36.999249],[-108.620309,36.999287],[-108.954404,36.998906],[-108.958868,36.998913],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.045166,37.072742],[-109.045058,37.074661],[-109.044995,37.086429],[-109.045189,37.096271],[-109.045173,37.109464],[-109.045203,37.111958],[-109.045156,37.112064],[-109.045995,37.177279],[-109.045978,37.201831],[-109.045487,37.210844],[-109.045584,37.249351],[-109.046039,37.249993],[-109.04581,37.374993],[-109.043464,37.484711],[-109.043137,37.499992],[-109.041915,37.530653],[-109.041865,37.530726],[-109.041806,37.604171],[-109.042131,37.617662],[-109.042089,37.623795],[-109.042269,37.666067],[-109.041732,37.711214],[-109.04176,37.713182],[-109.041636,37.74021],[-109.042098,37.74999],[-109.041461,37.800105],[-109.041754,37.835826],[-109.041723,37.842051],[-109.041844,37.872788],[-109.041653,37.88117],[-109.041058,37.907236],[-109.043121,37.97426],[-109.042819,37.997068],[-109.04282,37.999301],[-109.041837,38.153022],[-109.041762,38.16469],[-109.054648,38.244921],[-109.060062,38.275489],[-109.059962,38.499987],[-109.060253,38.599328],[-109.059541,38.719888],[-109.057388,38.795456],[-109.054189,38.874984],[-109.053943,38.904414],[-109.053797,38.905284],[-109.053233,38.942467],[-109.053292,38.942878],[-109.052436,38.999985],[-109.051512,39.126095],[-109.050765,39.366677],[-109.051363,39.497674],[-109.05104,39.660472],[-109.050615,39.87497],[-109.050873,40.058915],[-109.050813,40.059579],[-109.050944,40.180712],[-109.050973,40.180849],[-109.050969,40.222662],[-109.050946,40.444368],[-109.050314,40.495092],[-109.050698,40.499963],[-109.049955,40.539901],[-109.050074,40.540358],[-109.048044,40.619231],[-109.048249,40.653601],[-109.048373,40.662602],[-109.049088,40.714562],[-109.048455,40.826081],[-109.050076,41.000659],[-108.884138,41.000094],[-108.631108,41.000156],[-108.526667,40.999608],[-108.500659,41.000112],[-108.250649,41.000114],[-108.181227,41.000455],[-108.046539,41.002064],[-107.918421,41.002036],[-107.625624,41.002124],[-107.367443,41.003073],[-107.317794,41.002967],[-107.241194,41.002804],[-107.000606,41.003444],[-106.857773,41.002663],[-106.453859,41.002057],[-106.439563,41.001978],[-106.437419,41.001795],[-106.43095,41.001752],[-106.391852,41.001176],[-106.386356,41.001144],[-106.321165,40.999123],[-106.217573,40.997734],[-106.190554,40.997607]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Colorado\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gosling, Arthur W.","contributorId":51364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gosling","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenne, E. A.","contributorId":45716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenne","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chao, T. T.","contributorId":31900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70227388,"text":"70227388 - 1971 - Basin and range structure: A system of horsts and grabens produced by deep-seated extension","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T19:15:48.778462","indexId":"70227388","displayToPublicDate":"1971-04-01T13:08:17","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basin and range structure: A system of horsts and grabens produced by deep-seated extension","docAbstract":"<div class=\"widget widget-SplitView widget-instance-SplitView_Article\"><div class=\"article\"><div class=\"widget widget-ArticleMainView widget-instance-ArticleMainView_Split\"><div class=\"content-inner-wrap\"><div class=\"widget widget-ArticleTopInfo widget-instance-ArticleTopInfo_Split\"><div class=\"module-widget article-top-widget content-metadata_wrap\"></div></div><div class=\"toolbar-wrap vt-toolbar-wrap\"><div class=\"toolbar-inner-wrap\"><p>Basin and Range structure can be interpreted as a system of horsts and grabens produced by the fragmentation of a crustal slab above a plastically extending substratum. According to this view, the extension of the substratum causes the basal part of the slab to be pulled apart along narrow, systematically spaced zones which in turn cause the downdropping of complex horizontal prisms (grabens) in the brittle upper crust. The grabens form valleys at the surface; the intervening areas are horsts, or tilted horsts.<br></p></div></div><div class=\"article-body\"><div id=\"ContentTab\" class=\"content active\"><div class=\"widget widget-ArticleFulltext widget-instance-ArticleFulltext_Split\"><div class=\"module-widget\"><div class=\"widget-items\" data-widgetname=\"ArticleFulltext\"><div><div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Not all geologists have agreed, however, that Basin and Range structure consists of a system of horsts and grabens. Instead, the structure is commonly considered to consist of tilted blocks in which the upslope part of an individual block forms a mountain and the downslope part a valley. Recent detailed studies, including geophysical work, suggest that the horst and graben model may be more generally applicable. Many of the valleys in the Great Basin are bounded on both sides by faults that drop the valley block down; these faults are exposed at the surface or can be inferred from steep gravity gradients indicative of steep faulted subsurface bedrock slopes. Some areas that were thought to represent a typical series of tilted blocks may be a series of highly asymmetrical grabens in which one side of a valley is marked by a master fault and the other side by valleyward tilt. With present knowledge, most, or perhaps all, of the major valleys in the Great Basin can plausibly be considered to be grabens, and most or all of the mountains can be considered to be horsts or tilted horsts.</p><p>The grabens, and the underlying inferred deep zones of extension that cause them, are systematically distributed in the Great Basin. They are generally north-trending features spaced 15 to 20 mi apart. Locally, the pattern is more complex, and individual grabens divide and trend away from each other at acute or high angles. In a few places, the pattern may even be roughly polygonal. The distribution pattern of the grabens and the related deep zones of extension resemble crack patterns in small-scale tensional systems, and both patterns may be mechanically related. By analogy with the small-scale systems, the areas of generally north-trending and parallel grabens require east-west extension, whereas the areas with a possible polygonal pattern of grabens must extend radially.</p><p>The geometry of block faulting related to Basin and Range structure requires sizable east-west extension, estimated at about 1.5 mi on the average for each major valley and at about 30 to 60 mi across the entire Great Basin. Most of this extension has taken place in the last 17 m.y., or perhaps even in the last 7 to 11 m.y., indicating a rate of extension in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 cm/yr.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[1019:BARSAS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J., 1971, Basin and range structure: A system of horsts and grabens produced by deep-seated extension: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 4, p. 1019-1043, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[1019:BARSAS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1019","endPage":"1043","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394255,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.69580078125001,\n              38.90813299596705\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.92724609375,\n              34.88593094075317\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.67529296874999,\n              34.903952965590065\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              35.96022296929667\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.90673828125,\n              38.976492485539396\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.0166015625,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.69775390625,\n              42.94033923363181\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04833984375001,\n              43.03677585761058\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.65185546875,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.69580078125001,\n              38.90813299596705\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, John H.","contributorId":14383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227274,"text":"70227274 - 1971 - The age of porphyry-type copper mineralization in the Bingham mining district, Utah — A refined estimate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T19:19:25.218453","indexId":"70227274","displayToPublicDate":"1971-04-01T13:05:26","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The age of porphyry-type copper mineralization in the Bingham mining district, Utah — A refined estimate","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.2.331","usgsCitation":"Moore, W., and Lanphere, M.A., 1971, The age of porphyry-type copper mineralization in the Bingham mining district, Utah — A refined estimate: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 2, p. 331-334, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.2.331.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"334","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bingham Mining District","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.26516723632812,\n              40.68063802521456\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.26654052734375,\n              40.56806745430726\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.29537963867188,\n              40.531545551348394\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.34207153320312,\n              40.478292268560175\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.33657836914062,\n              40.38944285970334\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.27203369140625,\n              40.3130432088809\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.19924926757812,\n              40.24913603826261\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.1099853515625,\n              40.26695230509778\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.10723876953124,\n              40.333983227838104\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.07565307617186,\n              40.36014911643671\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.98776245117188,\n              40.39205775317998\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.01385498046874,\n              40.51693121343741\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.06260681152344,\n              40.58736384168138\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.10311889648438,\n              40.684803661591275\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.26516723632812,\n              40.68063802521456\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, William J.","contributorId":30983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"William J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":830247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70170498,"text":"70170498 - 1971 - Flooded area of Lake St. Croix Beach, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T12:19:55","indexId":"70170498","displayToPublicDate":"1971-04-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Flooded area of Lake St. Croix Beach, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/70170498","usgsCitation":"Carlson, G., 1971, Flooded area of Lake St. Croix Beach, Minnesota: Open-File Report, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70170498.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Lake St. Croix beach","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.79499053955078,\n              44.904158633376206\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.79499053955078,\n              44.95860326455075\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.75636672973633,\n              44.95860326455075\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.75636672973633,\n              44.904158633376206\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.79499053955078,\n              44.904158633376206\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571b4b2fe4b071321fe31c7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, G.H.","contributorId":26277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227308,"text":"70227308 - 1971 - Sierra Nevada plutonic cycle: Part I, origin of composite granitic batholiths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T18:57:13.799776","indexId":"70227308","displayToPublicDate":"1971-04-01T12:44:13","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sierra Nevada plutonic cycle: Part I, origin of composite granitic batholiths","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Intrusion of Mesozoic batholiths in California and the western North America Cordillera began in the Late Triassic 210 m.y. ago and ended in the Late Cretaceous 80 m.y. ago. Emplacement of granitic rocks was apparently not continuous but was accomplished during five major epochs of intrusion at approximately 30 m.y. intervals, each epoch taking 10 to 20 m.y. to complete. A progressive transgression of epicontinental seas onto the midcontinent occurred during the same interval of time as the batholithic emplacement to the west. A penecontemporaneous deformation near the loci of granitic emplacement and a temporary regression during the major progressive transgression of seas onto the midcontinent are correlated with each intrusive epoch. The locus of Mesozoic granitic rocks was a source of sediments during most of the period of time required to emplace the batholiths; the origin of the batholithic magmas cannot be related only to localized down-warping of geosynclines. The source of the major proportion of the mobile granodioritic magmas of the Sierra Nevada was within the mantle, as is indicated by Sr isotope data. All plutons now exposed in the Sierra Nevada, whether of Cretaceous age or older, were emplaced at depths of a very few kilometers, the shallowest having been emplaced at depths of 4 km or less. The spatial relationships among these synchronous geologic phenomena and the geochemical and geophysical data from the same region are accounted for by a northwestward drift of North America in the region of the western Cordillera of the United States onto and across a Mesozoic feature that had characteristics like present-day oceanic rises.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[853:SNPCPI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kistler, R.W., Evernden, J., and Shaw, H.R., 1971, Sierra Nevada plutonic cycle: Part I, origin of composite granitic batholiths: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 4, p. 853-868, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[853:SNPCPI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"853","endPage":"868","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.43261718749999,\n              37.89219554724437\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.99267578124999,\n              38.96795115401593\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.003662109375,\n              41.9921602333763\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.014404296875,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14599609375001,\n              41.36856413680967\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.244873046875,\n              40.98819156349393\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06909179687501,\n              40.27952566881291\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.57470703125,\n              39.37677199661635\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.058349609375,\n              38.762650338334154\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.70678710937499,\n              38.19502155795575\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.12451171875,\n              37.59682400108367\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.388427734375,\n              36.77409249464195\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.0478515625,\n              36.34167804918315\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.795166015625,\n              35.817813158696616\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.87207031250001,\n              35.31736632923788\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5205078125,\n              34.876918445772084\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.27880859375001,\n              34.985003130171066\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.6416015625,\n              35.41591492345623\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.65258789062499,\n              36.01356058518153\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.94921874999999,\n              36.465471886798134\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.125,\n              36.79169061907076\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.30078125,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.43261718749999,\n              37.89219554724437\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evernden, J. F.","contributorId":40593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evernden","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaw, H. R.","contributorId":23952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70227307,"text":"70227307 - 1971 - Sierra Nevada plutonic cycle: Part II, tidal energy and a hypothesis for orogenic-epeirogenic periodicities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T18:46:05.911501","indexId":"70227307","displayToPublicDate":"1971-04-01T12:31:59","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sierra Nevada plutonic cycle: Part II, tidal energy and a hypothesis for orogenic-epeirogenic periodicities","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>The dissipative power of the solid earth tides is the order of 10<sup>19</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>ergs/sec, or a few percent of terrestrial heat flow. It is proposed that this energy is concentrated along oceanic ridge systems and in the asthenosphere by mechanisms of viscous dissipation involving shear melting. Tidal energy localizes and sustains sources of sea-floor spreading through the melting mechanism, convection and magmatic transfer. Components of this energy enter the continent as magmatic heat either where ridge type sources and continents interact or where lateral motions induce shear zones and viscous dissipation within the continent. Temporal maxima of igneous intrusion into continental crust and related epeirogenic oscillations, spaced at intervals of about 30 m.y., are explained in terms of periodic thermal instabilities in the process of shear melting in the mantle. That is, maxima in rates of magma production in the mantle are relieved by vertical magmatic transfer. This process is coupled with lateral motions of the continent in a way analogous to episodic creep episodes of much shorter period in motions of active fault systems. Calculated periodicities are found to be simultaneously compatible with (l) the Sierra Nevada intrusive epochs of Part I, (2) oscillations in the eustatic curve during the Mesozoic Era, (3) concepts of sea-floor spreading, and (4) the magnitude of tidal power. More profound epeirogenic oscillations, having periods of about 200 m.y., are induced by variations in proportioning of tidal energy dissipation between the solid earth and the epicontinental seas. Thus, the tidal deformations of the earth provide information that leads to a general dynamic theory where magmatism, orogency, epeirogeny, sea-floor spreading and continent migration are systematically interrelated.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[869:SNPCPI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Shaw, H.R., Kistler, R.W., and Evernden, J., 1971, Sierra Nevada plutonic cycle: Part II, tidal energy and a hypothesis for orogenic-epeirogenic periodicities: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 4, p. 869-895, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[869:SNPCPI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"869","endPage":"895","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394038,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.43261718749999,\n              37.89219554724437\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.99267578124999,\n              38.96795115401593\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.003662109375,\n              41.9921602333763\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.014404296875,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14599609375001,\n              41.36856413680967\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.244873046875,\n              40.98819156349393\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06909179687501,\n              40.27952566881291\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.57470703125,\n              39.37677199661635\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.058349609375,\n              38.762650338334154\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.70678710937499,\n              38.19502155795575\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.12451171875,\n              37.59682400108367\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.388427734375,\n              36.77409249464195\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.0478515625,\n              36.34167804918315\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.795166015625,\n              35.817813158696616\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.87207031250001,\n              35.31736632923788\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5205078125,\n              34.876918445772084\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.27880859375001,\n              34.985003130171066\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.6416015625,\n              35.41591492345623\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.65258789062499,\n              36.01356058518153\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.94921874999999,\n              36.465471886798134\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.125,\n              36.79169061907076\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.30078125,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.43261718749999,\n              37.89219554724437\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaw, H. R.","contributorId":23952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evernden, J. F.","contributorId":40593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evernden","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}