{"pageNumber":"6373","pageRowStart":"159300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184689,"records":[{"id":70227383,"text":"70227383 - 1971 - Sedimentary and gravity-slide emplacement of serpentinite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T17:53:30.626953","indexId":"70227383","displayToPublicDate":"1971-04-01T11:30:10","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary and gravity-slide emplacement of serpentinite","docAbstract":"<p>Large deposits of serpentinite in alpine-type orogenic areas have been formed by sedimentary processes ranging from the detrital accumulation of bedded serpentinite sandstone and shale to the emplacement of chaotic breccias (olistostromes) and gigantic slide blocks. Known occurrences of sedimentary serpentinite are listed, and eight deposits from the circum-Pacific, Caribbean, and Mediterranean areas are described in detail. Sedimentary serpentinites range in age from early Paleozoic to Quaternary, although most are Cretaceous or Tertiary. Most were deposited in eugeosynclinal environments, early in the geosynclinal cycle. Individual deposits range in thickness from a few centimeters to nearly 3 km, and several extend laterally for tens of kilometers. Graded bedding is common, and many deposits contain marine fossils.</p><p>Serpentinite is the dominant rock constituent, and clasts foreign to the alpine ultramafic assemblage are rare. Chemical analyses often detrital serpentinites show that these rocks contain slightly more silica and alumina than do nondetrital serpentinites, due to contamination by aluminosilicate minerals and quartz during deposition. This and nine other criteria are potentially useful in the recognition of sedimentary serpentinites.</p><p>Several features suggest that most sedimentary serpentinites were deposited very rapidly by submarine landslides, mudflows, or turbidity currents. The sources of this serpentinite debris are postulated to be upward-migrating serpentinite protrusions which penetrate the seafloor or Earth's surface upslope from eventual depositional sites.</p><p>Sedimentary serpentinites are much more abundant in alpine-type orogenic areas than is commonly thought, and many ultramafic masses presently regarded as igneous intrusions or tectonic protrusions may in fact be coeval with, instead of younger than, their enclosing sedimentary or metasedimentary rocks. In eugeosynclinal sequences such as the Franciscan Formation, some elongate bodies now regarded as serpentinite sills may be beds of ultramafic detritus whose sedimentary features have been masked by post-depositional shearing; isolated masses may be exotic slide blocks. A sedimentary origin can explain some of the most persistent and perplexing characteristics of many alpine serpentinites: their conformity with enclosing sedimentary rocks, their grossly planar shapes, and the absence of metamorphism along their contacts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[919:SAGEOS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lockwood, J.P., 1971, Sedimentary and gravity-slide emplacement of serpentinite: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 4, p. 919-936, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[919:SAGEOS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"919","endPage":"936","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Colombia, Cuba, Italy, Russia, United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Apennine Mountains, Coast Ranges, Guajira Peninsula, Oriente, Penzhinskaya 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,{"id":1014323,"text":"1014323 - 1971 - Effect of freezing and aging on the spores of Myxosoma cerebralis, the causative agent of salmonid whirling disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-04T16:19:05.576946","indexId":"1014323","displayToPublicDate":"1971-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of freezing and aging on the spores of Myxosoma cerebralis, the causative agent of salmonid whirling disease","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1971)33[95:EOFAAO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, G.L., and Putz, R.E., 1971, Effect of freezing and aging on the spores of Myxosoma cerebralis, the causative agent of salmonid whirling disease: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 33, no. 2, p. 95-98, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1971)33[95:EOFAAO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"98","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130956,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625686","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, Glenn L.","contributorId":95934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Putz, Robert E.","contributorId":13670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putz","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175727,"text":"70175727 - 1971 - Flow characteristics of Minnesota streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:06:02","indexId":"70175727","displayToPublicDate":"1971-03-03T16:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5181,"text":"Technical Paper","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"title":"Flow characteristics of Minnesota streams","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Mann, W., 1971, Flow characteristics of Minnesota streams: Technical Paper, 265 p.","productDescription":"265 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc5fe4b03fd6b7d94c42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mann, W.B.","contributorId":60230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"W.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70170503,"text":"70170503 - 1971 - Flooded area of Montevideo, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-22T12:42:46","indexId":"70170503","displayToPublicDate":"1971-03-03T13:45:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Flooded area of Montevideo, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/70170503","usgsCitation":"Carlson, G., 1971, Flooded area of Montevideo, Minnesota: Open-File Report, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70170503.","productDescription":"5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Montevideo","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.83305358886719,\n              44.8699828720045\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.83305358886719,\n              45.02355322956419\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.625,\n              45.02355322956419\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.625,\n              44.8699828720045\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.83305358886719,\n              44.8699828720045\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571b4b2fe4b071321fe31c85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, G.H.","contributorId":26277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227397,"text":"70227397 - 1971 - Isotope fractionation during gas chromatographic separations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T22:54:34.030031","indexId":"70227397","displayToPublicDate":"1971-03-01T16:48:09","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2212,"text":"Journal of Chromatographic Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotope fractionation during gas chromatographic separations","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">Physical interaction between the sample and stationary phase during GC separations may result in severe isotopic fractionation of the effluent, making it essential to collect it totally in order to obtain quantitative results. When carbon dioxide was eluted through a Porapak column the front portions of the elution peak was enriched in<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup>C. When methane was eluted through molecular sieve, both the heavier species were eluted faster than the lighter ones. However, when the carbon dioxide was eluted through silica gel the first CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>eluted was enriched in<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup>C and the last CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>eluted was enriched in<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup>O. This behavior of the isotopes probably indicates the presence of two different interaction mechanisms.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/chromsci/9.3.191","usgsCitation":"Gunter, B.D., and Gleason, J.D., 1971, Isotope fractionation during gas chromatographic separations: Journal of Chromatographic Science, v. 9, no. 3, p. 191-192, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/9.3.191.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"192","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394293,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gunter, B. D.","contributorId":271079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunter","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gleason, Jim D.","contributorId":82322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227349,"text":"70227349 - 1971 - Thrust and strike-slip faulting in the Plomosa Mountains, southwestern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T21:51:47.642007","indexId":"70227349","displayToPublicDate":"1971-03-01T15:31:29","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thrust and strike-slip faulting in the Plomosa Mountains, southwestern Arizona","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Thrust and strike-slip faulting are recognized in the Plomosa Mountains, southwestern Arizona. The distribution of rock types and the geometry of the thrust faults necessitate that the upper plate moved from east to west. The amount of displacement is not known, but is considered to be large. Apparent separations along the strike-slip faults are in a right-lateral sense and are greater than 19,000 ft. Rhyodacite flows, dated by K-Ar methods at 19 to 20 m.y., unconformably overlie the thrust faults and are cut by the strike-slip faults.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[717:TASFIT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Miller, F.K., and McKee, E.H., 1971, Thrust and strike-slip faulting in the Plomosa Mountains, southwestern Arizona: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 3, p. 717-722, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[717:TASFIT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"717","endPage":"722","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Plomosa Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.158935546875,\n              33.582019124986424\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.158935546875,\n              33.51220193130392\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.12872314453125,\n              33.489871424805116\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.07516479492188,\n              33.48128123469761\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.04014587402342,\n              33.567716918862175\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.00718688964844,\n              33.592887216626245\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.99551391601562,\n              33.62662677351111\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.01199340820312,\n              33.66092464108172\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.04632568359375,\n              33.67921124932958\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.06898498535156,\n              33.68149680197185\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.114990234375,\n              33.67921124932958\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.14382934570312,\n              33.63405913759068\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.158935546875,\n              33.582019124986424\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, F. K.","contributorId":10803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":830546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227395,"text":"70227395 - 1971 - A shortcut for computing stream depletion by wells using analog or digital models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T20:55:56.109033","indexId":"70227395","displayToPublicDate":"1971-03-01T14:50:34","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A shortcut for computing stream depletion by wells using analog or digital models","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Theory indicates that the effect of a discharging well on a nearby stream is independent of the length of the reach. The theory was confirmed using a digital computer model of short and long reaches of a stream-aquifer system. Digital computations using short reaches of most stream-aquifer systems will give results comparable in accuracy to one of a long reach with considerably less effort and expense.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03538.x","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board and the Southeastern Colorado Water Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Taylor, O., 1971, A shortcut for computing stream depletion by wells using analog or digital models: Groundwater, v. 9, no. 2, p. 9-11, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03538.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, O. James","contributorId":23958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"O. James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227309,"text":"70227309 - 1971 - Nomenclature and correlation of some upper Precambrian and basal Cambrian sequences in western Utah and southeastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T19:11:55.767009","indexId":"70227309","displayToPublicDate":"1971-03-01T13:00:33","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nomenclature and correlation of some upper Precambrian and basal Cambrian sequences in western Utah and southeastern Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>Recent stratigraphic studies in three widely separated localities in southeastern Idaho and western Utah have revealed a startling continuity of both individual rock units and of rock sequences over a distance of some 300 mi parallel to the strike of a late Precambrian and Cambrian depositional trough. Between 15,000 and 25,000 ft of beds were deposited in the axis of the trough, whereas only 1000 to 3300 ft of correlative rocks were laid down on the shelf to the east. In several areas a diamictite is present near the base of the sequence; this is underlain locally and overlain generally by argillites containing lenticular limestones and dolomites; these in turn are succeeded by quartzitic rocks containing a thick grayish-red to maroon unit—the Mutual Formation. In each area the sequence includes, at the top, quartzites typical of the basal Cambrian. Deposition in the basin was essentially continuous from late Precambrian into Cambrian time but was interrupted by uplift and erosion on the shelf. The hinge line of the ancient seaway is inferred to have coincided roughly with the present “Wasatch line,” but erosion prior to deposition of the Tintic Quartzite has removed most of the data needed to establish this with certainty.</p><p>Rocks in each of the three areas described here in detail are regarded as allochthonous and appear to have been thrust eastward during the Sevier orogeny. A precise reconstruction of the sedimentary basin must therefore await not only additional stratigraphic studies in such areas as the Promontory Range of Utah and the Bannock and Malad Ranges of southern Idaho, but also final resolution of the structural events.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[581:NACOSU]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Crittenden, M.D., Schaeffer, F.E., Trimble, D.E., and Woodward, L.A., 1971, Nomenclature and correlation of some upper Precambrian and basal Cambrian sequences in western Utah and southeastern Idaho: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 3, p. 581-602, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[581:NACOSU]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"581","endPage":"602","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.51025390625,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.072265625,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.072265625,\n              43.88205730390537\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.51025390625,\n              43.88205730390537\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.51025390625,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crittenden, Max D. Jr.","contributorId":28951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crittenden","given":"Max","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaeffer, Frederick E.","contributorId":271011,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trimble, D. E.","contributorId":11581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trimble","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodward, Lee A.","contributorId":69561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70227466,"text":"70227466 - 1971 - A further revision of the stratigraphic nomenclature of the Wissahickon Formation in Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-18T18:48:59.705726","indexId":"70227466","displayToPublicDate":"1971-03-01T12:42:05","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A further revision of the stratigraphic nomenclature of the Wissahickon Formation in Maryland","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>The Wissahickon Formation, the thickest and most extensive unit of the Glenarm Series, was divided into lithofacies several years ago. We suggest revision of two of these lithofacies and addition of another. We also suggest that the term lithofacies be shortened to facies. The added facies, the quartzite facies, is distinguished by metamorphosed orthoquartzites and protoquartzites. It corresponds in part to the former Peters Creek quartzite.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[769:AFROTS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Higgins, M.W., and Fisher, G.W., 1971, A further revision of the stratigraphic nomenclature of the Wissahickon Formation in Maryland: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 3, p. 769-774, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[769:AFROTS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"769","endPage":"774","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Wissahickon Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.0086669921875,\n              38.87179021382536\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.7891845703125,\n              39.64799732373418\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.7891845703125,\n              39.7240885773337\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.48681640625,\n              39.72197606377427\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.41241455078125,\n              39.317300373271024\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.51953125,\n              39.15349256868936\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.0086669921875,\n              38.87179021382536\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higgins, Michael W.","contributorId":12459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, George Wescott","contributorId":51356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Wescott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007634,"text":"1007634 - 1971 - The functional significance of movements and positions of the pinnae of the African Elephant, Loxodonta africana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-10T15:18:41.278292","indexId":"1007634","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The functional significance of movements and positions of the pinnae of the African Elephant, Loxodonta africana","docAbstract":"<p><span>Observations of wild African elephants (</span><i>Loxodonta africana</i><span>) in Uganda indicated that flapping and spreading the highly vascularized ears are probably important functions for heat dissipation. Ear flapping increased as ambient temperatures rose and decreased or ceased during cold or rainy weather. Rate of ear flapping was inversely related to wind velocity. Spreading the ears reduced ear flapping, particularly when an elephant faced downwind. Stimuli that elicited alertness, excitement, or hostility caused elephants to raise their heads and spread their ears widely and rigidly, and large elephants occasionally flapped their ears loudly and sharply. Flapping and spreading the ears for heat dissipation are generally not interpreted as danger signals by other elephants.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1378428","usgsCitation":"Buss, I., and Estes, J.A., 1971, The functional significance of movements and positions of the pinnae of the African Elephant, Loxodonta africana: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 52, no. 1, p. 21-27, https://doi.org/10.2307/1378428.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"27","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489052,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1378428","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130113,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Uganda","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[31.86617,-1.02736],[30.76986,-1.01455],[30.4191,-1.13466],[29.82152,-1.44332],[29.57947,-1.34131],[29.58784,-0.58741],[29.8195,-0.2053],[29.87578,0.59738],[30.08615,1.06231],[30.46851,1.58381],[30.85267,1.8494],[31.17415,2.20447],[30.77332,2.33989],[30.83385,3.50917],[31.24556,3.7819],[31.88145,3.55827],[32.68642,3.79232],[33.39,3.79],[34.005,4.24988],[34.47913,3.5556],[34.59607,3.05374],[35.03599,1.90584],[34.6721,1.17694],[34.18,0.515],[33.89357,0.10981],[33.90371,-0.95],[31.86617,-1.02736]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Uganda\"}}]}","volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a84e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buss, I.O.","contributorId":83873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buss","given":"I.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":315760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70201453,"text":"wdrSD701 - 1971 - Water resources data for South Dakota, water year 1970; Part 1, Surface water records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-26T23:09:31.508554","indexId":"wdrSD701","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-25T14:40:56","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"SD-70-1","title":"Water resources data for South Dakota, water year 1970; Part 1, Surface water records","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrSD701","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, Water resources data for South Dakota, water year 1970; Part 1, Surface water records: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report SD-70-1, vii, 135 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrSD701.","productDescription":"vii, 135 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":375052,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1970/sd-70-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":372636,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1970/sd-70-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South 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,{"id":70010318,"text":"70010318 - 1971 - Lunar metallic particle (\"mini-moon\"): An interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-28T18:39:12.86956","indexId":"70010318","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lunar metallic particle (\"mini-moon\"): An interpretation","docAbstract":"A troilite-rich nickel-iron particle (\"mini-moon\") recovered from the moon may be a mound detached from a sphere of silicate glass. Erosion and pitting of the particle may have been caused by passage through a cloud of hot gas and particulate matter formed by meteorite impact on the lunar surface. This explanation is in contrast to the theory that the particle was meteoritically derived molten material that was furrowed during solidification after lunar impact, subsequently pitted by high-velocity particles, and then abraded and polished by drifting dust while on the lunar surface.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.171.3970.479","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"McKay, D., Carter, J., and Greenwood, W., 1971, Lunar metallic particle (\"mini-moon\"): An interpretation: Science, v. 171, no. 3970, p. 479-480, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.171.3970.479.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"479","endPage":"480","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219750,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"171","issue":"3970","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a93e4b0c8380cd68e95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKay, D.S.","contributorId":11329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, J.L.","contributorId":26030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greenwood, W.R.","contributorId":34502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70227398,"text":"70227398 - 1971 - Deformation of lee-side laminae in eolian dunes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T23:12:14.99416","indexId":"70227398","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T16:56:40","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation of lee-side laminae in eolian dunes","docAbstract":"<p>Processes responsible for structures in sand dunes consist of (l) primary deposition by saltation and creep and by settling from suspension, (2) redeposition accompanying avalanching, and (3) penecontemporaneous erosion. Characteristics of dune structures were examined in the field by introducing marker beds of magnetite at times of sand deposition, thus recording original surfaces and making possible the determination of subsequent changes. Similar structures were examined in the laboratory by testing processes and comparing the resulting structural forms with corresponding natural features.</p><p>Avalanching in sand is of two types: sand flow and slumping. Deformational structures characteristic of each were recorded in the field and were reproduced in the laboratory. Nine varieties of deformational structures are recognized and described. Analysis of these structures suggests criteria for distinguishing compressional types (lower dune slope) from tensional types (upper dune slope).</p><p>The analysis of deformational structures also serves to distinguish between forms developed in cohesive sand and those in non-cohesive sand. Since the degree of cohesion is largely a function of the amount of moisture in the sand at the time of avalanching, the deformational structures provide a means for recognizing original dry sand, wet sand, sand crusts, and saturated sand surfaces in ancient deposits. A testing of these criteria was made by comparing laboratory samples with those of dry sand at White Sands, New Mexico, and with those of coastal dunes (probably wet sand) in southern Brazil.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[359:DOLLIE]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"McKee, E.D., Douglass, J.R., and Rittenhouse, S., 1971, Deformation of lee-side laminae in eolian dunes: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 2, p. 359-378, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[359:DOLLIE]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"378","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"White Sands National Monument","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.48052215576172,\n              32.86805334178712\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4798355102539,\n              32.69226560224167\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.46266937255858,\n              32.69197666693998\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.46266937255858,\n              32.679262587945516\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.43245697021484,\n              32.65498522937631\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.37752532958983,\n              32.65671954513891\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.37718200683592,\n              32.66394549864635\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.3421630859375,\n              32.66452354969056\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.3425064086914,\n              32.67839565300552\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.29032135009766,\n              32.67955156438898\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.29066467285155,\n              32.68619776453418\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.2443161010742,\n              32.68648671853771\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.17874145507812,\n              32.77082127004142\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.13685607910156,\n              32.77082127004142\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.13719940185547,\n              32.79651010951669\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.1605453491211,\n              32.785542748453956\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.17118835449219,\n              32.786120011700625\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.17084503173828,\n              32.82940407627986\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.15333557128906,\n              32.82940407627986\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.15299224853516,\n              32.87439713468237\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.48052215576172,\n              32.86805334178712\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, Edwin D.","contributorId":60207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglass, John R.","contributorId":271080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Douglass","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5106,"text":"National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming 82190","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rittenhouse, Suzanne","contributorId":271082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rittenhouse","given":"Suzanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70120949,"text":"70120949 - 1971 - Data file, Continental Margin Program, Atlantic Coast of the United States: vol. 2 sample collection and analytical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T15:49:21","indexId":"70120949","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T15:35:16","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesNumber":"71-15","title":"Data file, Continental Margin Program, Atlantic Coast of the United States: vol. 2 sample collection and analytical data","docAbstract":"The purpose of the data file presented below is twofold: the first purpose is to make available in printed form the basic data relating to the samples collected as part of the joint U.S. Geological Survey - Woods Hole Oceanographic  Institution program of study of the Atlantic continental margin of the United States; the second purpose is to maintain these data in a form that is easily retrievable by modern computer methods. With the data in such form, repeate  manual transcription for statistical or similar mathematical treatment becomes unnecessary. Manual plotting of information or derivatives from the information may also be eliminated. Not only is handling of data by the computer considerably faster than manual techniques, but a fruitful source of errors, transcription mistakes, is eliminated.","language":"English","publisher":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","publisherLocation":"Woods Hole, MA","doi":"10.1575/1912/1035","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Hathaway, J.C., 1971, Data file, Continental Margin Program, Atlantic Coast of the United States: vol. 2 sample collection and analytical data, iv, 496 p., https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/1035.","productDescription":"iv, 496 p.","numberOfPages":"503","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/1035","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":292479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292477,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/1035"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.75,24.29 ], [ -82.75,47.49 ], [ -64.82,47.49 ], [ -64.82,24.29 ], [ -82.75,24.29 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f31348e4b0094694f9d822","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hathaway, John C.","contributorId":21542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hathaway","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227280,"text":"70227280 - 1971 - Distribution of some minor elements between coexisting sulfide minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T21:19:48.297603","indexId":"70227280","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T15:16:57","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of some minor elements between coexisting sulfide minerals","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.140","usgsCitation":"Bethke, P., and Barton, P.B., 1971, Distribution of some minor elements between coexisting sulfide minerals: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 1, p. 140-163, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.140.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"163","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bethke, Philip M.","contributorId":52829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bethke","given":"Philip M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, Paul B. Jr.","contributorId":68406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Paul","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227315,"text":"70227315 - 1971 - Related strontium isotopic and chemical variations in oceanic basalts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T21:13:50.556716","indexId":"70227315","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T15:09:31","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Related strontium isotopic and chemical variations in oceanic basalts","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Sr<sup>87</sup>/Sr<sup>86</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>values in oceanic basalts range from 0.7012 to 0.7057 and correlate with basalt composition as measured by the ratio K<sub>2</sub>O/(Na<sub>2</sub>O + K<sub>2</sub>O). The distribution of data points on this plot can be approximated by the following ranges in Sr<sup>87</sup>/Sr<sup>86</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and K<sub>2</sub>O/(K<sub>2</sub>O + Na<sub>2</sub>O) respectively: (l) ocean ridge tholeiites—0.7020 to 0.7035 (one value 0.7012), &lt;0.10; (2) many island tholeiites and alkali basalts—0.7030 to 0.7045, 0.10 to 0.30; and (3) potassic island basaltic rocks—0.7040 to 0.7057, &gt;0.30. If the volcanism occurring throughout much of geologic time preferentially depleted rubidium and potassium relative to strontium in the mantle, preservation of the resultant heterogeneities is necessary to explain the isotopic and chemical differences among oceanic basalts. As a corollary to this long-term depletion of rubidium and potassium of the mantle, the primitive mantle or total crust-mantle system would have an Sr<sup>87</sup>/Sr<sup>86</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>value higher than many oceanic basalts derived from zones that have undergone multistage histories. Therefore, we suggest that the potassic lavas with Sr<sup>87</sup>/Sr<sup>86</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>higher than those of ocean ridge tholeiites and many island basalts represent the least depleted or most primitive mantle sampled by young oceanic volcanism.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[493:RSIACV]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Peterman, Z.E., and Hedge, C.E., 1971, Related strontium isotopic and chemical variations in oceanic basalts: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 2, p. 493-499, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[493:RSIACV]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"493","endPage":"499","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterman, Zell E. 0000-0002-5694-8082 peterman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-8082","contributorId":167699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Zell","email":"peterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hedge, Carl E.","contributorId":76299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedge","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227279,"text":"70227279 - 1971 - A paleohydrologic model for mineralization of the White Pine copper deposit, northern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T21:14:33.067515","indexId":"70227279","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T15:02:55","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A paleohydrologic model for mineralization of the White Pine copper deposit, northern Michigan","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Pertinent physical properties of the upper Keweenawan rocks can be measured or inferred within a sufficiently narrow range to make the quantitative evaluation of various paleohydrologic models for the origin of the White Pine copper deposit feasible. The approach is illustrated here by calculations for models that involve lateral migration of fluids through the subjacent Copper Harbor Conglomerate to the site of the deposit and stripping of copper from these solutions where they percolated upward through the Nonesuch Shale. The calculations reveal limitations to theories of origin that would not be evident from purely qualitative consideration; some of these limitations could be useful to exploration. For example, if the water was yielded by compaction of the Copper Harbor Conglomerate and contained 50 ppm Cu, there must have been significant convergence of solution paths toward White Pine. Surface water entering the Copper Harbor Conglomerate on the north limb of the Lake Superior syncline is an adequate source if it could be shown that the point of entry was once significantly higher in altitude than the water table at White Pine; this model implies a major copper deposit at great depth north of the axis of the syncline. Ground water entering the Nonesuch Shale up dip from White Pine is not a possible source of mineralizing solutions.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.1","usgsCitation":"White, W., 1971, A paleohydrologic model for mineralization of the White Pine copper deposit, northern Michigan: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393984,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Keweenaw Peninsula, Upper Peninsula, White Pine copper deposit","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.76336479187012,\n              46.721505389841695\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.68594551086426,\n              46.721505389841695\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.68594551086426,\n              46.76167869671392\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.76336479187012,\n              46.76167869671392\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.76336479187012,\n              46.721505389841695\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Walter S.","contributorId":34492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Walter S.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":830256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227278,"text":"70227278 - 1971 - Fluid inclusion studies on the porphyry-type ore deposits at Bingham, Utah, Butte, Montana, and Climax, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T20:58:06.28827","indexId":"70227278","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T14:36:02","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid inclusion studies on the porphyry-type ore deposits at Bingham, Utah, Butte, Montana, and Climax, Colorado","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Data are given on the composition, temperature, pressure, and density of the hydrothermal fluids present in the central Cu-Mo core of the deposit at Bingham, Utah, and in its related but not necessarily coeval peripheral Pb-Zn deposits. These data are based on a study of primary and secondary fluid inclusions in transparent ore and gangue minerals that included the use of freezing, heating, and crushing microscope stages.</p><p>The composition of the hydrothermal fluids at various stages in the mineralization and repeated later fracturing and rehealing ranged from nearly fresh water to water containing more than 60 weight percent salts in solution--virtually a hydrous saline melt--in some quartz-molybdenite-chalcopyrite veins from the core. Most of these salts have crystallized out as daughter minerals on cooling, forming major amounts of halite and sylvite and minor amounts of anhydrite (?), hematite (?) and several unidentified phases. These highly saline fluids occur only in the core. Some of them have apparently boiled, forming bubbles of a relatively low density CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>-rich \"steam\" containing only a few percent NaCl. These low-density fluids have also been trapped as inclusions. The fluids that formed the peripheral deposits had low salinities, and some of these also have apparently boiled. A few were very high in hydrogen sulfide.</p><p>Inclusions from a quartz pod and in the quartz-molybdenite-chalcopyrite veins from the core yield the highest temperatures, 640<span>°</span>-725<span>°</span> C; most inclusions from the core homogenize at temperatures above 400<span>°</span> C. Samples from the peripheral deposits were uniformly lower, in the range 294<span>°</span>-330<span>°</span> C.</p><p>The abundant evidence of intermittent boiling of these solutions is important because it places limits on the pressure at the time of trapping, it results in there being little or no need for a pressure correction to the homogenization temperatures, and it indicates that the pressure has varied with time. Although some of the homogenization temperatures are very high, the high salinity causes the vapor pressures at homogenization to be relatively low, from about 80 to a maximum of about 1,100 atmospheres.</p><p>The density of the hydrothermal fluids is of great concern in any consideration of flow patterns, and particularly in the inevitable mixing with possibly heated ground waters. Steam inclusions from the core had gross densities of 0.3 to 0.1 g<strong>·</strong>cm<sup>-3</sup>, but many of the highly saline inclusions in the core contain fluids whose density at trapping was as high as 1.3 g<strong>·</strong>cm<sup>-3</sup>. The fluids trapped in inclusions in the peripheral deposits had densities of 0.75-0.95 g<strong>·</strong>cm<sup>-3</sup>, well below that of the surrounding cold ground water. Hydraulic pressure gradients from these density differences, and the vapor pressures involved, must also have varied with time in any given location, particularly when boiling occurred, and thus the circulation patterns could have been very complex. The more highly saline fluids are believed to be of truly magmatic origin, and not merely heated ground water from the area at the time of the intrusion.</p><p>The great abundance throughout the core of planes of secondary inclusions in which individual planes are uniform but adjacent planes have widely varying composition, density, and homogenization temperature, is evidence of thorough and repeated fracturing of these rocks under hydrothermal conditions.</p><p>Inclusions were also examined in some samples from Butte, Montana, Climax, Colorado, and several Arizona porphyry copper deposits. The ranges of temperature, composition, and density found were similar but smaller than at Bingham. This might be simply a result of insufficient sampling.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.98","usgsCitation":"Roedder, E., 1971, Fluid inclusion studies on the porphyry-type ore deposits at Bingham, Utah, Butte, Montana, and Climax, Colorado: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 1, p. 98-120, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.98.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"120","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, Montana, Utah","city":"Butte, Climax","otherGeospatial":"Bingham","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.29812622070312,\n              40.43440488077008\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.05368041992188,\n              40.43440488077008\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.05368041992188,\n              40.64938745451835\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.29812622070312,\n              40.64938745451835\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.29812622070312,\n              40.43440488077008\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.19839668273926,\n              39.359586180977615\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.15342140197754,\n              39.359586180977615\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.15342140197754,\n              39.38566183944818\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.19839668273926,\n              39.38566183944818\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.19839668273926,\n              39.359586180977615\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.67990112304688,\n              45.93969078234\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.42584228515625,\n              45.93969078234\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.42584228515625,\n              46.10751733820335\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.67990112304688,\n              46.10751733820335\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.67990112304688,\n              45.93969078234\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roedder, Edwin","contributorId":25571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roedder","given":"Edwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227277,"text":"70227277 - 1971 - Vapor-dominated hydrothermal systems compared with hot-water systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T20:32:44.072191","indexId":"70227277","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T14:21:40","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vapor-dominated hydrothermal systems compared with hot-water systems","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.75","usgsCitation":"White, D.E., Muffler, L.P., and Truesdell, A.H., 1971, Vapor-dominated hydrothermal systems compared with hot-water systems: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 1, p. 75-97, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.75.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"97","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.05255126953125,\n              44.09153051045218\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.64630126953125,\n              44.09153051045218\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.64630126953125,\n              45.00559312697019\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.05255126953125,\n              45.00559312697019\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.05255126953125,\n              44.09153051045218\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, D. E.","contributorId":140645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muffler, L.J. Patrick 0000-0001-6638-7218 pmuffler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6638-7218","contributorId":3322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muffler","given":"L.J.","email":"pmuffler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Truesdell, A. H.","contributorId":140646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70120939,"text":"70120939 - 1971 - Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 6","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-16T14:42:20","indexId":"70120939","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T14:18:16","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 6","docAbstract":"<p>Sediments from Leg 6 sites, west of the Hawaiian Islands, consisted primarily of various combinations of deep-sea biogenic oozes, volcanic ash, and its breakdown products. Pore fluids from most of the sites were similar in composition to present day ocean water, and in some sties almost identical. However, interstitial fluids from Site 53 (Philippine Sea) showed changes in ionic composition which were beyond those previously considered attributable to diagenetic influence. These samples show the beginnings of metamorphism by dramatic increases in calcium concentrations and corresponding decreases in alkali concentrations.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Analytical methods were similar to those outlined in previous Leg Reports. However, obvious contamination of aliquots for sodium determination in the laboratory made it necessary to determine all sodium values by difference between anion and cation balances. These values are, if anything, more accurate than direct determinations which have been discussed in earlier legs. However, the authors will continue to analyze sodium directly, and in the future they may be able to improve the precision of the determinations to the point where small losses and gains of sodium in the pore fluids may be established accurately.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Agreement between colorimetric and spectrometric determinations of silicon has improved, but there are still occasional marked differences for which the writers have no explanation. T. Takahashi has allowed the authors to compare total Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) measurements from his laboratory with their alkalinity determinations: both sets of data were obtained from fluids from the same squeezings of sediments and should give similar values at the indicated pH levels. Some disturbingly large discrepancies in the two sets of data are evident. The authors do not think that their back-titration alkalinity technique alone is responsible for the differences. However, they have not evaluated the possible influence of the heat-sealed polyethylene pipes on the alkalinity values; this should be considered a potential source of error.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The pH data from water samples processed and measured on shipboard are reported here. In view of the major changes in pressure and temperature (laboratory temperatures were reported to be 26 to 28°C) and the sediments to new gaseous regimes prior to pH measurement, these values should be interpreted mainly as applying to the squeezed effluents, not to in situ values.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International","publisherLocation":"College Station, TX","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.6.125.1971","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F., and Sayles, F., 1971, Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 6: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 6, p. 811-821, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.6.125.1971.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"811","endPage":"821","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.6.125.1971","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":292473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fe7e4b033341871892c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sayles, F.L.","contributorId":77657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayles","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227276,"text":"70227276 - 1971 - Coronadite — Modes of occurrence and origin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T20:17:58.416727","indexId":"70227276","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T13:32:04","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coronadite — Modes of occurrence and origin","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>The lead manganate, \"coronadite,\" was first recognized at the Coronado mine in the Morenci district, Arizona, by Lindgren in 1903. Several years later, the identity of the mineral was questioned and it was not until 1932 that Orcel recognized it in material from Morocco. Since 1955, the mineral has been recognized at numerous places; in the USSR, east of the Ural Mountains, in several districts in Morocco, England, Australia, and India. In recent years, coronadite had been identified at numerous localities in New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and California by the writer and others. At this time, it has been identified at 22 localities, and in the opinion of this writer, it will be found at many more places if it is sought for carefully.</p><p>Author's review of the known occurrences of coronadite and interpretation of the modes of geologic environment show that the mineral is found in veins and hot spring aprons, where it seems to have been deposited by hydrothermal waters from depth and that it is one of the manganese oxide minerals deposited as sediments. Probably it is more widely found in assemblages of minerals of supergene origin.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.164","usgsCitation":"Hewett, D.F., 1971, Coronadite — Modes of occurrence and origin: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 1, p. 164-177, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.164.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"177","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393976,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia, Bulgaria, England, France, India, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Morocco, Russia, Spain, Sweden, United States, Uzbekistan","state":"Arizona, Asturias, California, Chihuahua, Durango, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, New South Wales, Savoy","county":"Cumberland County","otherGeospatial":"Transbaikalia, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n     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   [\n              152.0068359375,\n              -28.22697003891834\n            ],\n            [\n              151.8310546875,\n              -28.613459424004414\n            ],\n            [\n              151.435546875,\n              -28.84467368077178\n            ],\n            [\n              151.083984375,\n              -28.420391085674304\n            ],\n            [\n              149.326171875,\n              -28.22697003891834\n            ],\n            [\n              148.974609375,\n              -28.76765910569124\n            ],\n            [\n              140.888671875,\n              -28.92163128242129\n            ],\n            [\n              140.888671875,\n              -33.9433599465788\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hewett, D. F.","contributorId":19927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hewett","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227305,"text":"70227305 - 1971 - Sulfur isotope study of the \"B\" limestone and Galena fissure ore deposits of the U.S. mine, Bingham mining district, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T18:12:53.5581","indexId":"70227305","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T11:57:32","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur isotope study of the \"B\" limestone and Galena fissure ore deposits of the U.S. mine, Bingham mining district, Utah","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>The delta S<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>values for 261 sulfide concentrates from the \"B\" limestone replacement and Galena fissure deposits of the U. S. mine range from +3.8 to --8.0 permil; the mean is +0.56 permil. The data indicate that (1) sulfides of the \"B\" limestone ore deposits are depleted in S<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>by 0.4 to 0.7 permil relative to those of the Galena fissure ore deposits; (2) sulfides of both deposits exhibit a primary fractionation trend characterized by increasing S<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>depletion in the sequence pyrite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, and galena; (3) delta values for coexisting sulfide pairs of the \"B\" limestone deposit increase with increasing altitude; (4) sulfides of both deposits are increasingly depleted in S<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>with increasing altitude; (5) the paragenetic order of sulfide deposition is accompanied by an apparent depletion of S<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>that is independent of mineral species; and (6) pyrite disseminated in wall rocks is depleted in S<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>relative to pyrite from adjacent ore deposits.</p><p>The similarity of delta S<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>values and isotopic trends to those of the central porphyry-type deposit at Bingham (Field, 1966) suggests that the hydrothermal deposits of the district were formed by fluids that originated from a common source during one episode of sequential mineralization. Gross isotopic differences between the deposits, consistent differences between coexisting sulfides, and systematic variations of delta values are attributed to temperature effects imposed upon sulfide exchange equilibria; isotopic temperatures suggest a lateral gradient between the \"B\" limestone and adjacent Galena fissure deposits and a possible vertical gradient within the \"B\" limestone deposit. The vertical zonation of delta S<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>values and trends related to pyrite physical occurrence and sulfide paragenesis are provisionally attributed to a pH-Eh control. Although the apparent trends are imperfectly resolved because of textural complexities, the marked depletion of S<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in pyrite disseminated in country rocks warrants additional study as a potential exploration method.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.48","usgsCitation":"Field, C.W., and Moore, W., 1971, Sulfur isotope study of the \"B\" limestone and Galena fissure ore deposits of the U.S. mine, Bingham mining district, Utah: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 1, p. 48-62, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.48.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"62","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bingham mining district, U.S. mine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.22190856933594,\n              40.47071851668331\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.11479187011717,\n              40.47071851668331\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.11479187011717,\n              40.57302246320223\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.22190856933594,\n              40.57302246320223\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.22190856933594,\n              40.47071851668331\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Cyrus W.","contributorId":271010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Field","given":"Cyrus","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, William J.","contributorId":30983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"William J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227303,"text":"70227303 - 1971 - Cation exchange capacity and metal deposition: A suggestion — A reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T17:55:38.206958","indexId":"70227303","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T11:44:44","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cation exchange capacity and metal deposition: A suggestion — A reply","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.201","usgsCitation":"Radtke, A.S., and Scheiner, B.J., 1971, Cation exchange capacity and metal deposition: A suggestion — A reply: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 1, p. 201-201, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.201.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"201","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Carlin gold mine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.46846771240234,\n              40.873026194807586\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.29440307617186,\n              40.873026194807586\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.29440307617186,\n              40.94126775545064\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.46846771240234,\n              40.94126775545064\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.46846771240234,\n              40.873026194807586\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Radtke, Arthur S.","contributorId":63795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radtke","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scheiner, Bernard J.","contributorId":269396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scheiner","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227300,"text":"70227300 - 1971 - Residual enrichment and supergene transport of gold, Calhoun mine, Lumpkin County, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T17:40:10.07289","indexId":"70227300","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T11:30:33","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Residual enrichment and supergene transport of gold, Calhoun mine, Lumpkin County, Georgia","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Gold is present in weathered wall rock and quartz veins of the opencut of the Calhoun mine, Lumpkin County, Georgia. Eleven samples of mica schist saprolite contain 0.02 to 0.1 parts per million (ppm) gold and three samples of weathered vein quartz, 0.04 to 0.6 ppm (limit of detection is 0.02 ppm). Gold was not found in any of the 18 samples of fresh mica schist and was found in only 3 of 16 samples of fresh vein quartz from underground workings 40-100 feet below the opencut.</p><p>Whole-rock chemical analyses of the unweathered schist and schist saprolite show large losses of minor elements and addition of water during weathering. The average specific gravity of the unweathered schist is 2.8 and of the schist saprolite, 1.65. The chemical analyses recalculated to weight per volume show a loss during weathering of large amounts of all major constituents including silica, alumina, and total iron. Of the minor elements, gold and arsenic show the most residual enrichment, but boron, beryllium, cobalt, lanthanum, niobium, nickel, lead, zinc, and zirconium show some enrichment in the saprolite as compared with the fresh rock. Most of the other minor elements have been at least partly removed, the greatest loss being shown by calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and strontium. Fresh limonite coating the wall of the adit contains 2.9 ppm gold and appreciable amounts of these elements leached from the schist, particularly barium, calcium, and manganese.</p><p>Some layers of unweathered schist contain as much as 1 percent gold-bearing pyrite and may have a gold content of 0.01 and 0.02 ppm, or just at or below the limit of detection. Loss of 30 to 45 percent of the rock during weathering increases the gold content above the lower limit of detection. The gold in recently deposited limonite shows that some gold is also being transported with iron during weathering. If a concentration of limonite were found near the water table, it might be expected to show supergene enrichment in gold.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.178","usgsCitation":"Lesure, F.G., 1971, Residual enrichment and supergene transport of gold, Calhoun mine, Lumpkin County, Georgia: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 1, p. 178-186, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.178.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"186","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Lumpkin County","otherGeospatial":"Calhoun mine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.98949146270752,\n              34.48614858976135\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.96824836730956,\n              34.48614858976135\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.96824836730956,\n              34.508254118465544\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.98949146270752,\n              34.508254118465544\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.98949146270752,\n              34.48614858976135\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lesure, Frank G.","contributorId":20068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesure","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227334,"text":"70227334 - 1971 - Application of an acoustic streamflow-measuring system on the Columbia River at The Dalles, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T15:32:14.289249","indexId":"70227334","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T09:25:41","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of an acoustic streamflow-measuring system on the Columbia River at The Dalles, Oregon","docAbstract":"<div id=\"article__content\" class=\"col-sm-12 col-md-8 col-lg-8 article__content article-row-left\"><div class=\"article__body \"><div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The need for accurate, independent records of flow on the Columbia River at The Dalles, Oregon, has been met by the installation of an acoustic streamflow-measuring system. This device provides an index of the velocity of flow by measuring the difference in traveltimes of acoustic pulses transmitted through the water in each direction along a diagonal path across the river. The flow of water along the path increases the speed of one signal and retards the speed of the other. The difference in time of travel is related linearly to the water velocity along the path. Installation of the system, which is the first application of an acoustic flowmeter in a large natural channel, was completed in April 1969. It has been in continuous operation since that date. The velocity index and water-surface elevation are used as a two-variable index in the computation of flow. These variables, correlated against current-meter measurements made by use of specialized boat equipment, provide a reliable basis for computations of instantaneous and daily mean discharges.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1971.tb01679.x","usgsCitation":"Smith, W., 1971, Application of an acoustic streamflow-measuring system on the Columbia River at The Dalles, Oregon: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 7, no. 1, p. 69-78, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1971.tb01679.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"78","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394104,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"The Dalles","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.23687744140624,\n              45.59410139910823\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.07242584228514,\n              45.59410139910823\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.07242584228514,\n              45.66132705384569\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.23687744140624,\n              45.66132705384569\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.23687744140624,\n              45.59410139910823\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Winchell","contributorId":20311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Winchell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}