{"pageNumber":"6374","pageRowStart":"159325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184689,"records":[{"id":70010330,"text":"70010330 - 1971 - Pacific geomagnetic secular variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T16:26:10.706673","indexId":"70010330","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pacific geomagnetic secular variation","docAbstract":"<p><span>We have considered several different types of records of long-period geomagnetic secular variation: direct measurements made in geomagnetic observatories; paleomagnetic measurements on Hawaiian lava flows with accurately known ages in the interval 0 to 200 years; paleomagentic measurements on Hawaiian lava flows with loosely determined ages within the interval 200 to 10,000 years ago; and worldwide paleomagnetic measurements of the average geomagnetic angular dispersion recorded in lava flows that formed during the past 0.7 million years. All these magnetic records indicate that, during this time, the nondipole component of the earth's field was lower in the central Pacific than elsewhere, as it is today. This, in turn, indicates that there is some type of inhomogeneity in the lower mantle which is coupled to the earth's core in such a way as to suppress the generation of the nondipole field beneath the central Pacific. With the present incomplete state of knowledge about the processes that give rise to the earth's field, it is uncertain whether undulations in the core-mantle interface or lateral variations in the composition and physical state of the lower mantle are ultimately responsible for the pattern of secular variation seen at the earth's surface.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.171.3968.248","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Doell, R., and Cox, A., 1971, Pacific geomagnetic secular variation: Science, v. 171, no. 3968, p. 248-254, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.171.3968.248.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"254","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218718,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70227353,"text":"70227353 - 1971 - Surf-beat origin for pulsating bottom currents in the Rio Balsas submarine canyon, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T23:00:03.153639","indexId":"70227353","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T16:48:37","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surf-beat origin for pulsating bottom currents in the Rio Balsas submarine canyon, Mexico","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>A previously unreported process was observed at the head of a tributary to the Rio Balsas submarine canyon system in Mexico. During a period of large surf, river discharge deflected a pulsating longshore current [peaking at over 7 km/hr (2 m/sec)] seaward over the tributary heading in the surf zone. This pulsating flow occasionally entered the river mouth, causing rhythmic fluctuations with amplitudes of at least 30 cm and a period of about 3 minutes within the mouth, as recorded by a partially filtered tide gage. In diving to the bottom of the tributary at a depth of 18 m, we encountered current pulses with estimated velocities of 4 km/hr (more than 1 m/sec) transporting large amounts of suspended sand down an axial slope of 26°. This bottom flow was at least 3 m thick, and was characterized by pulses separated by quiet periods in phase with the surface rip current. The upper 20 cm of the canyon fill during this time consisted of sand smoothly laminated parallel to the bottom, indicating net deposition on the steeply sloping floor. Estimated water budget suggested that the entire water column below the rip current at 18 m was not flowing seaward during the pulses. The bottom flow landward of the dive site probably separated from the surface flow and was propagated downslope as a turbidity current. Its magnitude was sufficient to erode the canyon walls. These observations substantiate that rip currents play a role in the formation of some submarine canyons. Surf-beat induced rhythmic flushing of the river mouth, however, did not cause density currents in the main canyon head. The need for future canyon studies under extreme conditions is pointed out.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[81:SOFPBC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., 1971, Surf-beat origin for pulsating bottom currents in the Rio Balsas submarine canyon, Mexico: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 1, p. 81-89, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[81:SOFPBC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"89","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394163,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Cañón de la Necesidad, Rio Balsas submarine canyon system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -102.55050659179688,\n              17.774843263442754\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.93458557128906,\n              17.774843263442754\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.93458557128906,\n              18.098213048099566\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.55050659179688,\n              18.098213048099566\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.55050659179688,\n              17.774843263442754\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, Erk","contributorId":17963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"Erk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13585,"text":"ofr1775MP - 1971 - Selected references pertaining to the geology of the proposed Trans-Alaska Pipeline route","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-06T16:48:47","indexId":"ofr1775MP","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T16:47:34","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1775 MP","title":"Selected references pertaining to the geology of the proposed Trans-Alaska Pipeline route","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Mineral Resources Branch, U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr1775MP","usgsCitation":"Ferrians, O.J., 1971, Selected references pertaining to the geology of the proposed Trans-Alaska Pipeline route: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 1775 MP, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr1775MP.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.4,51.2 ], [ 172.4,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.4,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e34149e4b0567f27701967","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrians, Oscar J.","contributorId":46499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrians","given":"Oscar","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006260,"text":"70006260 - 1971 - Floods in the Wapsipinicon River Basin, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T12:47:10","indexId":"70006260","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T16:44:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"title":"Floods in the Wapsipinicon River Basin, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>Flood information is reported for 338 miles of the main stem and six tributaries of the Wapsipinicon River. The information will be of use to those concerned with the design of bridges and other structures and the conduct of various operations on the flood plains of the streams. Included in the report are flood-peak records, gaging-station records, frequency curves, and water-surface profiles.</p>\n<p>Outstanding floods resulting from extremely heavy rainfall occurred in the upper basin in 1968 and 1969. Those in 1968 produced the highest flood of record at the gaging station at Independence. The flood of 26,800 cfs (cubic feet per second) at this station was the greatest in the period 1933-70. A number of the smaller tributaries experienced floods more than five times the computed 50-year flood.</p>\n<p>The flood experience on the main stem downstream from Anamosa has not been outstanding. No flood of record has exceeded the 50-year flood in this reach.</p>\n<p>Flood-profile sheets show profiles of actual flood occurrences and computed profiles of the 25- and 50-year floods at most locations. These sheets also contain tabulations of the flood discharges profiled. A low-water profile and tabulated discharge indicate the range in elevation and discharge along the streams.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/70006260","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa State Highway Commission","usgsCitation":"Schwob, H.H., 1971, Floods in the Wapsipinicon River Basin, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, iii, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70006260.","productDescription":"iii, 52 p.","numberOfPages":"59","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70006260.JPG"},{"id":288875,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70006260/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Wapsipinicon River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.428466796875,\n              41.97174336327968\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2197265625,\n              41.939062754848564\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.296630859375,\n              41.82454867985508\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3570556640625,\n              41.68932225997044\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.46142578125,\n              41.599013054830216\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.63720703125,\n              41.545589036668105\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.87890625,\n              41.57847058443442\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.19750976562499,\n              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H.","contributorId":23974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwob","given":"Harlan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70210573,"text":"70210573 - 1971 - Sedimentation in the Middle Fork Eel River Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T21:43:50.613446","indexId":"70210573","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T16:43:18","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Sedimentation in the Middle Fork Eel River Basin, California","docAbstract":"<p>The Middle Fork Eel River basin has a drainage area of 753 square miles and is in a mountainous area on the western flank of the coast ranges in northern California. Elevations in the basin range from about 860 feet above mean sea level at the confluence with the Eel River to more than 7,500 feet at several peaks along the eastern divide.</p><p>The Middle Fork Eel River basin has a drainage area of 753 square miles and is in a mountainous area on the western flank of the coast ranges in northern California. Elevations in the basin range from about 860 feet above mean sea level at the confluence with the Eel River to more than 7,500 feet at several peaks along the eastern divide. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70210573","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Knott, J.M., 1971, Sedimentation in the Middle Fork Eel River Basin, California: Open-File Report, vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70210573.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391542,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210573/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":391541,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210573/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Middle Fork Eel River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knott, J. M.","contributorId":77909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227352,"text":"70227352 - 1971 - An evaluation of procedures used in computing chemical denudation rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T22:48:16.935227","indexId":"70227352","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T16:41:38","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of procedures used in computing chemical denudation rates","docAbstract":"<p>Computations of chemical denudation rates (that is, the average rate of lowering of the earth's crust by chemical processes) should be based only upon those components of dissolved loads of streams that are derived from chemical weathering of rocks and soils, even though identification of those components is difficult and imprecise. Past computations of chemical denudation rates exaggerated by 1.4 to 2.4 times the significance of this process because they were calculated from total dissolved loads.</p><p>Identification of separate denudation and nondenudation components in a water analysis can be done most readily for streams in crystalline silicate rock terrane where commonly 25 to 55 percent of the dissolved solids are HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−1</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>−2</sup>, Cl<sup>−1</sup>, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>that cannot be derived from the underlying rock; instead these ions are derived either directly from the atmosphere or from atmosphere-biosphere interactions. Most of the remaining solutes are derived from chemical weathering or rainfall, or both. Existing data are often insufficient to separate these two components, but atmospheric contributions to dissolved loads of dilute natural waters are substantial.</p><p>The commonly observed increased concentration of dissolved solids in chemically polluted rivers is produced by concentration of natural dissolved loads by evaporation, and by addition of solutes not present in natural waters. Concentration of natural solutes represents a modification of natural denudation processes that does not change the rate of denudation. Addition of new solutes represents man-induced, accelerated chemical denudation.</p><p>Extrapolation of modern chemical denudation rates to geologic situations is extremely imprecise because of uncertainties in assessing man's influence on present dissolved loads, in reconstructing the number and magnitude of past climatic changes, and in evaluating the effects of evolving flora and fauna.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[67:AEOPUI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Janda, R.J., 1971, An evaluation of procedures used in computing chemical denudation rates: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 1, p. 67-79, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[67:AEOPUI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"79","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janda, Richard J.","contributorId":13235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janda","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70210293,"text":"70210293 - 1971 - Flood-prone areas in the Petaluma River drainage basin and Cotati vicinity, Sonoma and Marin Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-24T21:59:23.741019","indexId":"70210293","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T16:36:24","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5961,"text":"Basic Data Contribution","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"17","title":"Flood-prone areas in the Petaluma River drainage basin and Cotati vicinity, Sonoma and Marin Counties, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70210293","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, Flood-prone areas in the Petaluma River drainage basin and Cotati vicinity, Sonoma and Marin Counties, California (Revised 1971): Basic Data Contribution 17, 2 Plates: 21.65 x 26.80 inches and 21.73 x 26.71 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70210293.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 21.65 x 26.80 inches and 21.73 x 26.71 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401023,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76227.htm"},{"id":401013,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210293/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":401012,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210293/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":396459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210293/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Marin County, Sonoma County","otherGeospatial":"Petaluma River drainage basin and Cotati vicinity","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.75,\n              38.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5,\n              38.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5,\n              38.3667\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.75,\n              38.3667\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.75,\n              38.125\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Revised 1971","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":147999,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":836002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227312,"text":"70227312 - 1971 - Minor elements in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T20:43:43.490427","indexId":"70227312","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T14:38:29","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Minor elements in water","docAbstract":"<div class=\"widget widget-BookChapterMainView widget-instance-BookChapterMainView\"><div class=\"content-inner-wrap\"><div class=\"book-chapter-body\"><div id=\"ContentTab\" class=\"content active\"><div class=\"widget widget-BookSectionsText widget-instance-BookChaptertext\"><div class=\"module-widget\"><div class=\"widget-items\" data-widgetname=\"BookSectionsText\"><div class=\"category-section content-section js-content-section\" data-statsid=\"4710293\"><p>A complete characterization of natural waters includes a determination of the concentrations of 30 or more minor elements. Emission spectrochemical methods are uniquely suited to the determination of a comparatively large number of minor elements, mainly those classified as heavy metals. Spectro-chemical data published by Braidech and Emory in 1935 and more recent data by Durfor and Becker, and by Barnett, Skougstad, and Miller, provide some insight into the minor-element character of the raw- and finished-water supplies of most of the major U.S. cities. Such data permit assessment of those supplies that contain either comparatively high or low concentrations of minor elements. The concentrations of many minor elements are unchanged by the municipal treatment-plant operations between the raw- and finished-water supply. On the other hand, part of the copper in a raw-water supply may be removed during treatment, even though the over-all result is a net increase in copper in the finished water. The aluminum concentration of finished water is greater than in the raw-water supply when aluminum sulfate is used as a coagulant aid. Significant amounts of iron may be removed during treatment.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental geochemistry in health and disease","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM123-p43","usgsCitation":"Skougstad, M.W., 1971, Minor elements in water, chap. <i>of</i> Environmental geochemistry in health and disease, v. 123, p. 43-56, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM123-p43.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cannon, Helen L.","contributorId":96249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Helen L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830405,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopps, Howard C.","contributorId":189752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopps","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830406,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Skougstad, Marvin W.","contributorId":65064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skougstad","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70170893,"text":"70170893 - 1971 - Flooded area of St. Mary's Point, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T11:28:10","indexId":"70170893","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T14:30:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Flooded area of St. Mary's Point, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/70170893","usgsCitation":"Gunard, K., 1971, Flooded area of St. Mary's Point, Minnesota: Open-File Report, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70170893.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"St. Mary's Point","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.85301208496094,\n              44.88640436632269\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.85301208496094,\n              44.96285457777543\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.76014328002928,\n              44.96285457777543\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.76014328002928,\n              44.88640436632269\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.85301208496094,\n              44.88640436632269\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5731b4bae4b0dae0d5dbc0e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gunard, K.T.","contributorId":103733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunard","given":"K.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227393,"text":"70227393 - 1971 - Thin skin distension in Tertiary rocks of southeastern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T20:28:56.593327","indexId":"70227393","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T14:24:41","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thin skin distension in Tertiary rocks of southeastern Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Volcanic rocks of late Tertiary age, aggregating about 17,000 ft, accumulated on a surface of low relief cut on Precambrian rocks in the Basin and Range province south of Lake Mead, in Nevada and Arizona. They consist mostly of lava and flow breccia of intermediate composition with minor ash-flow tuff, bedded tuff, and lava of rhyolitic composition.</p><p>The last of three main phases of volcanism was accompanied by widespread epizonal plutonism and intense faulting. All or parts of six similarly but separately fault-deformed structural units are recognized in a 92-sq-mi mapped area. The structural units are highly distended by a system of closely spaced north-to northwest-striking shingling normal faults (many of which are low angle) that displace younger over older rocks in a west to west-southwest direction. Cumulative amounts of distension approximate the breadth of the structural units and are as much as 20,000 ft, whereas cumulative vertical displacements are much less and in some places are minimal. The structural units are floored at or near the present level of exposure by complex low-angle zones of detachment or décollement into which the numerous shingling normal faults merge. Where the units abut along their strike, they are separated by complex zones of transcurrent faults that appear to merge with the detachment structures and thus mark the ultimate limits of the structural units. Displacement on the detachment structures has the same sense as, but in some places is much greater than, that of the cumulative offset on the shingling faults, thus indicating low-angle movement of the structural units as platelike or lobate masses. These relationships indicate remarkably thin-skinned, large-scale, fault-related tectonism of a type which is present in a broad belt south of Lake Mead and in numerous other areas in the Basin and Range province.</p><p>The best exposed structural units exhibit a serial eastward progression from broad areas of steeply dipping strata, low-angle faults, and deep denudation to gently dipping strata, high-angle faults, and little denudation. Reverse-drag flexing, a volume-compensating mechanism for movement on concave-upward faults, is inferred to have produced the gentle to moderate dips of the strata, whereas the nearly vertical dips in the western parts of the units probably resulted from a combination of reverse-drag flexing and rotation related to uplift. Evidence of compression-related folding is absent.</p><p>The extreme distension is viewed as a surficial feature of a crustal belt that was subjected to a brief episode of tensional rifting. Rifting at subjacent levels along the belt was compensated for by emplacement of plutons. The surficial rocks were stretched and thinned over the plutons.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[43:TSDITR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R.E., 1971, Thin skin distension in Tertiary rocks of southeastern Nevada: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 1, p. 43-58, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[43:TSDITR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"58","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.59765625,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.697265625,\n              34.985003130171066\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.53247070312499,\n              35.200744801724014\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.67529296874999,\n              36.05798104702501\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.3017578125,\n              35.97800618085566\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.071044921875,\n              36.049098959065645\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.04907226562499,\n              39.52946653645165\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.5537109375,\n              39.5633531658293\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.59765625,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, R. Ernest","contributorId":104484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ernest","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227311,"text":"70227311 - 1971 - The geochemist’s involvement with the pollution problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T20:31:46.702923","indexId":"70227311","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T14:22:21","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The geochemist’s involvement with the pollution problem","docAbstract":"<div class=\"widget widget-SplitView widget-instance-SplitView_Book\"><div class=\"article\"><div class=\"widget widget-BookChapterMainView widget-instance-BookChapterMainView\"><div class=\"content-inner-wrap\"><div class=\"widget widget-ChapterTopInfo widget-instance-ChapterTopInfo\"><div class=\"chapterTopInfo content-metadata_wrap\"><div class=\"chapter-doi clearfix\"></div></div></div><div class=\"book-chapter-body\"><div id=\"ContentTab\" class=\"content active\"><div class=\"widget widget-BookSectionsText widget-instance-BookChaptertext\"><div class=\"module-widget\"><div class=\"widget-items\" data-widgetname=\"BookSectionsText\"><div class=\"category-section content-section js-content-section\" data-statsid=\"3788888\"><div><div class=\"fn\"><div class=\"footnote-content\">The geochemist can contribute much information of value toward assessing the effect of environment, including inorganic pollution, on health. The average composition of rocks, soils, plants, and water and also the increments of inorganic substances that can be expected in geologic environments of high-metal content are essential for comparison with metal contents of these components of the environment in areas contaminated by various types of inorganic air and water pollution.<br></div></div></div></div><div class=\"category-section content-section js-content-section\" data-statsid=\"4710429\"><p>Background levels of lead, zinc, nickel, chromium, copper, and manganese in soils and in four classes of vegetation have been estimated from collections that were made in remote areas presumed to be free from inorganic contamination. The trace-metal content of soils and plants varies widely in different geologic provinces of the United States; in those areas of high natural mineralization, additions of metals from man-made pollution may compound a possible hazard. Results of sampling in urban areas show that contamination of vegetation by gasoline lead can be expected for at least 1000 ft back from transportation lanes, and that the lead burden is increasing greatly with time. Ore-treatment plants can also be a source of air contamination for several miles downwind and several thousand feet in other directions. Soils of naturally high metal content in a mining district may be further contaminated with both major and minor elements from smelting operations. Recent studies show that volatile elements are released directly to the air from ore deposits in place. Concentrations of mercury, for instance, may be as much as 20 times background for several hundred feet in altitude over ore deposits in which mercury occurs as a relatively minor constituent.</p><p>The source of inorganic pollution in surface drainage and also in ground water is commonly geologic, as rivers may be contaminated from coal and metal deposits in place and also from mining and smelting operations.</p><p>More information of the type illustrated should be accumulated and made available to scientists who are working in environmental health, and, in particular, to those involved in the pollution problem. Only by these means can we provide a scientific basis for the enactment of realistic and effective legislation for pollution control.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental geochemistry in health and disease","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM123-p155","usgsCitation":"Cannon, H., and Anderson, B.M., 1971, The geochemist’s involvement with the pollution problem, chap. <i>of</i> Environmental geochemistry in health and disease, v. 123, p. 155-178, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM123-p155.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"178","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394057,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"123","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cannon, Helen L.","contributorId":96249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Helen L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830402,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopps, Howard C.","contributorId":189752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopps","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830403,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Helen L.","contributorId":96249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Helen L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Barbara M.","contributorId":75155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227408,"text":"70227408 - 1971 - Groundwater Recharge Conference Reading, England September 21-24, 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-14T14:38:27.308829","indexId":"70227408","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T14:19:03","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater Recharge Conference Reading, England September 21-24, 1970","docAbstract":"<div id=\"article__content\" class=\"col-sm-12 col-md-8 col-lg-8 article__content article-row-left\"><div class=\"article__body \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>An international Conference on Artificial Groundwater Recharge was held at the University of Reading, Whiteknights Park, Reading, Berkshire, England, sponsored by the Water Research Association, Medmenham, Marlow, Buckinghamshire. One hundred sixty-one delegates, representing 20 countries, registered. Five excellent tours were made available for them, to such installations as: the Hydraulics Research Station and Institute of Hydrology, Weilingford, Berkshire; the Metropolitan Water Board, Ashford Common Works, Sunbury-on-Thames; the Water Pollution Research Laboratory, Stevenage; and the Water Research Association, Medmenham, and Water Resources Board, Reading, Berkshire.</p></div></div></div>","conferenceTitle":"Groundwater Recharge Conference","conferenceDate":"September 21-24, 1970","conferenceLocation":"Reading, England","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/EO052i001p00026-01","usgsCitation":"Sniegocki, R.T., 1971, Groundwater Recharge Conference Reading, England September 21-24, 1970: Eos Science News, v. 52, no. 1, p. 26-26, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO052i001p00026-01.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"26","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sniegocki, Richard T.","contributorId":67068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sniegocki","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227458,"text":"70227458 - 1971 - Calorimetric investigation of Na-K mixing and polymorphism in the alkali feldspars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-17T20:32:06.783152","indexId":"70227458","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T14:16:05","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9954,"text":"Zeitschrift für Kristallographie — Crystalline Materials","onlineIssn":"2196-7105","printIssn":"2194-4946","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calorimetric investigation of Na-K mixing and polymorphism in the alkali feldspars","docAbstract":"<p>Heat of solution measurements of the enthalpies of Na-K mixing, Al-Si ordering, and fusion for crystalline solutions and end-member phases in the system Na(AlSi<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>)–K(AlSi<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>) were obtained with a vacuum-jacketed, isoperibolic calorimeter using 20.1 percent hydrofluoric acid at temperatures ranging from 40 to 60°C. Heat of solution data for artificially prepared microcline (–low-albite) crystalline solutions at 49.7°C are represented by</p><p><span>Δ</span>H<sub>sol</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= −149.408 + 5.230<span>&nbsp;</span><i>N</i><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>− 5.928<span>&nbsp;</span><i>N</i><sub>1</sub><i>N</i><sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>− 8.457<span>&nbsp;</span><i>N</i><sub>2</sub><i>N</i><sub>1</sub><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>kcal/mole</p><p>based on 39 measurements of 14 different bulk compositions, where<span>&nbsp;</span><i>N</i><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>N</i><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>denote the mole fractions of NaAlSi<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and KAlSi<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>respectively. The thermochemical uncertainty of the above least-squares formulation is ± 0.032 kcal/mole.</p><p>Unit-cell parameters determined by least-squares refinement of diffraction data indicate that the excess volumes of Na-K mixing of these microcline solutions are positive over the entire composition range. Combining the calorimetric and crystallographic data leads to the following expression for the variation of molar enthalpy of mixing with pressure:</p><p><span>Δ</span>H<sub>ex</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= (5928 + 0.110 P)<span>&nbsp;</span><i>N</i><sub>1</sub><i>N</i><sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>+ (8457 + 0.110<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i>)<span>&nbsp;</span><i>N</i><sub>2</sub><i>N</i><sub>1</sub><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>cal/mole.</p><p>The sign and magnitude of <span>Δ</span>H<sub>ex</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>determined by calorimetry agree closely with <span>Δ</span>H<sub>ex</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>calculated from a third-order Margules formulation of high-temperature two-phase equilibrium data in the critical region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.1524/zkri.1971.134.5-6.381","usgsCitation":"Waldbaum, D.R., and Robie, R.A., 1971, Calorimetric investigation of Na-K mixing and polymorphism in the alkali feldspars: Zeitschrift für Kristallographie — Crystalline Materials, v. 134, no. 5-6, p. 381-420, https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.1971.134.5-6.381.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"420","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"134","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldbaum, David Robert","contributorId":90755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldbaum","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robie, Richard A.","contributorId":92235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227342,"text":"70227342 - 1971 - Detrital serpentinite from the Guajira Peninsula, Colombia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T20:28:30.127165","indexId":"70227342","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T14:05:19","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Detrital serpentinite from the Guajira Peninsula, Colombia","docAbstract":"<div class=\"widget widget-BookChapterMainView widget-instance-BookChapterMainView\"><div class=\"content-inner-wrap\"><div class=\"book-chapter-body\"><div id=\"ContentTab\" class=\"content active\"><div class=\"widget widget-BookSectionsText widget-instance-BookChaptertext\"><div class=\"module-widget\"><div class=\"widget-items\" data-widgetname=\"BookSectionsText\"><div class=\"category-section content-section js-content-section\" data-statsid=\"4710435\"><p>Small lenses of detrital serpentinite, completely surrounded by massive serpentinite, occur within a sequence of Mesozoic phyllites and metasiltstones in the Cerros de Parashi area, Guajira Peninsula. These lenses, which are as much as 30 m thick, consist of poorly sorted breccias that grade irregularly upward into bedded serpentinite sandstone and shale. Graded bedding is well developed in the sandstones, and channel structures and cross-bedding are also common. Two chemical analyses of serpentinite sandstone and shale show them to be of normal serpentinite composition. The original detrital serpentine minerals in these rocks were lizardite and chrysotile, but they have been partially replaced by antigorite during a period of upper greenschist facies metamorphism. The detrital serpentinites were formed by large submarine turbidity currents or mudflows, and the massive serpentinites surrounding them are believed to have been emplaced by gravity sliding.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Caribbean geophysical, tectonic, and petrologic studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM130-p55","usgsCitation":"Lockwood, J.P., 1971, Detrital serpentinite from the Guajira Peninsula, Colombia, chap. <i>of</i> Caribbean geophysical, tectonic, and petrologic studies, v. 130, p. 55-76, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM130-p55.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"76","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Colombia","otherGeospatial":"Cerros de Parashi, Guajira Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.80801391601561,\n              12.142718147196954\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.59652709960938,\n              12.142718147196954\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.59652709960938,\n              12.283650121725405\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.80801391601561,\n              12.283650121725405\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.80801391601561,\n              12.142718147196954\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"130","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Donnelly, Thomas W.","contributorId":271045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnelly","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830539,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lockwood, John P. 0000-0002-6562-0222","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6562-0222","contributorId":30976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227456,"text":"70227456 - 1971 - Recharge characteristics of a watercourse aquifer system at Springfield, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-17T19:56:28.165541","indexId":"70227456","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T13:45:35","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recharge characteristics of a watercourse aquifer system at Springfield, Ohio","docAbstract":"<p>An investigation was made of infiltration conditions in the alluvial-filled Mad River valley in the vicinity of the Springfield municipal wells. The study shows that most recharge to the 100-foot thick sand and gravel aquifer is from induced infiltration from the Mad River. Local precipitation and natural, down-valley underflow also are important in sustaining the 14 mgd (million gallons per day) pumping rate.</p><p>The investigation was designed to learn more about rates of streambed infiltration. Gaging stations were established at points above and below the well field in the expectation that infiltration losses could be measured directly. The attempt was unsuccessful because infiltration losses proved too small to measure accurately by ordinary stream gaging methods. The investigation has, nevertheless, provided much new data about this important watercourse aquifer system.</p><p>Observation-well records covering the 4-year period 1965 through 1968 show that ground-water levels follow an annual cycle, typically rising in the period February through June, when recharge exceeds depletion, and falling during the remainder of the year. The rate of induced stream infiltration is not sufficient to prevent perennial dewatering of the aquifer beneath the streambed. The water table beneath the center of the losing reach ranges in depth from about 17 feet in January to about 6 feet in June in the average year. Bedrock highs beneath the stream, which result in local thinning of the aquifer upstream and downstream from the well field, essentially limit infiltration to a reach about 2½ miles long having an area of approximately 24 acres. During the 7-month depletion period average infiltration is estimated at 9 mgd and during the 5-month accretion period estimated infiltration is 12 mgd. On the basis of these estimates the infiltration rate for the respective periods is 0.37 and 0.50 mgd per acre, or about 0.35 mgd per acre per foot of depth.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03530.x","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water","usgsCitation":"Norris, S., and Eagon, H.B., 1971, Recharge characteristics of a watercourse aquifer system at Springfield, Ohio: Groundwater, v. 9, no. 1, p. 30-41, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03530.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394443,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Springfield","otherGeospatial":"Mad River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.85040283203125,\n              39.97396296240704\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.77444267272949,\n              39.97396296240704\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.77444267272949,\n              40.01308799236397\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.85040283203125,\n              40.01308799236397\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.85040283203125,\n              39.97396296240704\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norris, Stanley E.","contributorId":63844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"Stanley E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagon, Herbert B. Jr.","contributorId":271166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eagon","given":"Herbert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70168635,"text":"70168635 - 1971 - Water resources data for Iowa, water year 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T12:42:16","indexId":"70168635","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T13:45:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water resources data for Iowa, water year 1970","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/70168635","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, Water resources data for Iowa, water year 1970, https://doi.org/10.3133/70168635.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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atlas describing the water resources available for development in an 11-county area in southeast Iowa. &nbsp;The report contains information on the availability, quality, and utilization of water from all known sources and the future demands upon the water resources in southeast Iowa. &nbsp;The information is presented to aid water users and other persons searching for and evaluating sources of water in a particular place, and planners and water managers who must consider water resources on a regional basis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","usgsCitation":"Coble, R.W., and Roberts, J., 1971, The water resources of southeast Iowa: Iowa Geological Survey Water Atlas 4, x, 101 p.","productDescription":"x, 101 p.","numberOfPages":"109","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science 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W.","contributorId":49380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coble","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, J.V.","contributorId":6851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70170501,"text":"70170501 - 1971 - Flooded area of Lakeland Shores, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T12:20:26","indexId":"70170501","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T13:30:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Flooded area of Lakeland Shores, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/70170501","usgsCitation":"Carlson, G., 1971, Flooded area of Lakeland Shores, Minnesota: Open-File Report, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70170501.","productDescription":"5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Lakeland Shores","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.8070068359375,\n              44.90695503868511\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.8070068359375,\n              44.97002036412507\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.75344848632812,\n              44.97002036412507\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.75344848632812,\n              44.90695503868511\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.8070068359375,\n              44.90695503868511\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571b4b2fe4b071321fe31c80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, G.H.","contributorId":26277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227310,"text":"70227310 - 1971 - Chemical compositions of rock types as factors in our environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T19:28:19.602453","indexId":"70227310","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T13:23:44","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chemical compositions of rock types as factors in our environment","docAbstract":"<p>The types of rocks that form geologic units in the Earth’s crust supply most of the raw materials from which soils are formed and from which water derives its inorganic constituents. The compositions of what we eat and drink thus depend in part upon the compositions of the source rocks.</p><p>Igneous rocks are formed by crystallization and solidification of a rock melt. Metamorphic rocks are formed by recrystallization of both igneous and sedimentary rocks caused by heat and pressure within the Earth’s crust. Sedimentary rocks are formed chiefly by the deposition in water of weathering and erosion products of pre-existing igneous, metamorphic, or other sedimentary rocks. The compositions of metamorphic rocks are generally similar to the compositions of the rocks that were metamorphosed, and only igneous and sedimentary rock compositions are considered here.</p><p>Igneous rocks range in SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>content from about 40 to nearly 80 percent, and other constituents increase in amount as SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>decreases. The changes in the other constituents are not large, however, except for the quantitatively unimportant least silicic rocks; these contain conspicuously more magnesium and less aluminum than the other kinds of igneous rocks.</p><p>Sedimentary rocks range in SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>content from nearly zero for the carbonate rocks to almost 100 percent for quartzite and pure sandstone. Shale and clay contain intermediate amounts of SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and as much as 25 percent AI<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, more than any of the igneous rocks. Carbonate rocks are composed mostly of calcium and magnesium carbonates.</p><p>The contents of individual trace elements vary widely with rock type. Chromium, titanium, nickel, and cobalt are conspicuously concentrated in low-silica igneous rocks that are quantitatively unimportant. Arsenic, iodine, molybdenum, and selenium are conspicuously concentrated in shale and clay. In addition, most other elements occur in largest amounts in shale and clay compared to other sedimentary rocks, and in amounts nearly equal to those in igneous rocks.</p><p>Soils derived from different kinds of igneous rocks do not differ from each other as much as do soils derived from different kinds of sedimentary rocks. This is partly because igneous rocks generally are more resistant to weathering than sedimentary rocks that were deposited in water. Some of the important constituents of sedimentary rocks have been precipitated from solution, which makes them more susceptible to weathering and re-solution. Similarly, sedimentary rocks have a greater effect than igneous rocks on the composition of ground water.</p><p>Determination of areal variations in composition should be more detailed than normal petrologic investigations if the results are to be usable for environmental studies. Statistical principles should be used in planning the sampling, analysis, and interpretation of results.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental geochemistry in health and disease","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM123-p13","usgsCitation":"Tourtelot, H., 1971, Chemical compositions of rock types as factors in our environment, chap. <i>of</i> Environmental geochemistry in health and disease, v. 123, p. 13-20, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM123-p13.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"123","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cannon, Helen L.","contributorId":96249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Helen L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830398,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopps, Howard C.","contributorId":189752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopps","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830399,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Tourtelot, Harry A.","contributorId":97903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tourtelot","given":"Harry A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227440,"text":"70227440 - 1971 - Remanent magnetization and susceptibility of late Cenozoic rocks from New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-14T19:15:29.688548","indexId":"70227440","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T13:00:52","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2869,"text":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remanent magnetization and susceptibility of late Cenozoic rocks from New Zealand","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>Measurements of magnetic remanence and susceptibility were made on 176 samples of volcanic rocks from 22 late Cenozoic formations from the North Island. Intensities of remanence, susceptibilities, and Q ratios are highly variable in both the ignimbrites and andesites and their ranges overlap, indicating that the magnetic anomalies produced by ignimbrite bodies would be difficult to distinguish from those produced by andesite flows. An analysis of the directions of magnetization of the ignimbrites indicates that groups of petrologically distinct ignimbrites probably formed during the same volcanic episode.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00288306.1971.10422470","usgsCitation":"Cox, A., 1971, Remanent magnetization and susceptibility of late Cenozoic rocks from New Zealand: New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, v. 14, no. 1, p. 192-207, https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1971.10422470.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"192","endPage":"207","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394411,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","otherGeospatial":"North Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": 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,{"id":70227467,"text":"70227467 - 1971 - Magnetic susceptibility and triangular exchange coupling in the tourmaline mineral group","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T16:06:06.445927","indexId":"70227467","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T12:52:21","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2428,"text":"Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnetic susceptibility and triangular exchange coupling in the tourmaline mineral group","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>Magnetic susceptibilities of three iron-rich tourmaline crystals from Mexquitic (Mexico), Pierpont (New York), and Madagascar with different and known chemical compositions have been studied from 8° to 300°K. The iron atoms in the tourmaline crystal structure, space group<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R3m</i>, a∼15·9, c∼7·2 , are situated at the three corners of an equilateral triangle and are close enough for magnetic exchange interaction. For buergerite, the Mexquitic sample, the susceptibility data lead to an exchange constant<span>&nbsp;</span><i>J/k</i><span>&nbsp;</span>of 7·5°K. Although the amount of aluminum would be sufficient to fill point position 18(c) exactly, the magnetic data are consistent with some substitution of ferric iron for aluminum, as previously determined from X-ray and neutron diffraction studies. Some aluminum thus replaces iron in position 9(b). Exchange constants were also estimated for the other two magnesium-iron specimens, of which the madagascar sample is aluminum deficient. The results agree with the evidence from optical spectra that there is considerable deviation from octahedral symmetry in the oxygen coordination polyhedra about the 9(b) and 18(c) point positions.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-3697(71)80039-2","usgsCitation":"Tsang, T., Thorpe, A.N., Donnay, G., and Senftle, F.E., 1971, Magnetic susceptibility and triangular exchange coupling in the tourmaline mineral group: Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, v. 32, no. 7, p. 1441-1448, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3697(71)80039-2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1441","endPage":"1448","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Madagascar, Mexico, United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"geometry\": {\n      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,{"id":70265512,"text":"70265512 - 1971 - Appraisal of chemical and biological conditions of Lake Okeechobee, Florida, 1969-70","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-09T16:34:06.191497","indexId":"70265512","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T12:33:42","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Appraisal of chemical and biological conditions of Lake Okeechobee, Florida, 1969-70","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70265512","usgsCitation":"Joyner, B.F., 1971, Appraisal of chemical and biological conditions of Lake Okeechobee, Florida, 1969-70: Open-File Report, https://doi.org/10.3133/70265512.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":484352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joyner, Boyd F.","contributorId":9278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyner","given":"Boyd","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":932868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227463,"text":"70227463 - 1971 - Palaeomagnetism and potassium-argon ages of volcanic rocks of Ngorongoro caldera, Tanzania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-18T18:25:39.566632","indexId":"70227463","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T12:09:41","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palaeomagnetism and potassium-argon ages of volcanic rocks of Ngorongoro caldera, Tanzania","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">Natural remanent magnetization (NRM) has been measured in 21 lava flows and 1 tuff in the south-west wall of Ngorongoro caldera, Tanzania. The lowest three lavas are normally magnetized, the next two have intermediate directions, and the remainder are reversed; potassium-argon dating places the reversal at 2.45 My, corresponding to the Gauss Matuyama epoch boundary. Alternating-field demagnetization was effective in removing the ubiquitous lightning-produced secondary magnetizations, but partial thermal demagnetization was not. Curie temperatures of the lavas fell into two groups: 250°–350°C and 570°–585°C, probably corresponding to unoxidized and oxidized titanomagnetites respectively. NRM directions in the lavas occurred in several distinct and stratigraphically continuous groups, suggesting intermittent eruption of groups of lavas. No correspondence was found between NRM groups and other parameters, such as Curie temperatures. The dispersion of mean NRM directions is large in comparison with late Quaternary lavas from low latitudes in the Pacific basin, but probably is not large relative to the proportion of the geomagnetic field in Africa that is non-dipolar. The mean palaeomagnetic pole is offset 10.5° from the geographic pole, but because of the large dispersion, the difference is not considered significant.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1971.tb03585.x","usgsCitation":"Grommé, C., Reilly, T.A., Mussett, A.E., and Hay, R.L., 1971, Palaeomagnetism and potassium-argon ages of volcanic rocks of Ngorongoro caldera, Tanzania: Geophysical Journal International, v. 22, no. 1, p. 101-115, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1971.tb03585.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"115","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Tanzania","otherGeospatial":"Ngorongoro caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              35.56343078613281,\n              -3.2652903510623252\n            ],\n            [\n              35.606689453125,\n              -3.255692874850599\n            ],\n            [\n              35.61286926269531,\n              -3.245409763149227\n            ],\n            [\n              35.64033508300781,\n              -3.230327676778435\n            ],\n            [\n              35.66162109375,\n              -3.209075265900692\n            ],\n            [\n              35.67878723144531,\n              -3.1727394767107056\n            ],\n            [\n              35.676727294921875,\n              -3.1418873316617173\n            ],\n            [\n              35.6561279296875,\n              -3.1103486408983576\n            ],\n            [\n              35.59913635253906,\n              -3.078123352118987\n            ],\n            [\n              35.569610595703125,\n              -3.091150714460597\n            ],\n            [\n              35.55519104003906,\n              -3.095950228721475\n            ],\n            [\n              35.544891357421875,\n              -3.0932076518043607\n            ],\n            [\n              35.52635192871094,\n              -3.1034922786128134\n            ],\n            [\n              35.51124572753906,\n              -3.11720495860026\n            ],\n            [\n              35.500946044921875,\n              -3.1144624368758076\n            ],\n            [\n              35.476226806640625,\n              -3.1473722243542896\n            ],\n            [\n              35.473480224609375,\n              -3.1617699301764772\n            ],\n            [\n              35.47210693359375,\n              -3.1994772578712416\n            ],\n            [\n              35.465240478515625,\n              -3.215245366333813\n            ],\n            [\n              35.49751281738281,\n              -3.2433531282402988\n            ],\n            [\n              35.509185791015625,\n              -3.246095307188778\n            ],\n            [\n              35.542144775390625,\n              -3.255692874850599\n            ],\n            [\n              35.56343078613281,\n              -3.2652903510623252\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grommé, C. 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,{"id":70260855,"text":"70260855 - 1971 - Water-quality data for selected sites tributary to the Salton Sea, California, August 1969 - June 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-24T18:16:51.000171","indexId":"70260855","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T11:59:12","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Water-quality data for selected sites tributary to the Salton Sea, California, August 1969 - June 1970","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70260855","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Imperial Irrigation District","usgsCitation":"Irwin, G.A., 1971, Water-quality data for selected sites tributary to the Salton Sea, California, August 1969 - June 1970: Open-File Report, 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,{"id":70242053,"text":"70242053 - 1971 - Wells and springs in California and Nevada within 100 miles of point 37°15' N, 116°25' W, on Nevada test site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-05T21:09:31.955009","indexId":"70242053","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T11:18:04","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Wells and springs in California and Nevada within 100 miles of point 37°15' N, 116°25' W, on Nevada test site","docAbstract":"<p>Studies of published and unpublished geologic and ground-water data, for an inventory of 6,032 wells and 754 springs in parts of Inyo and Mono Counties, California, and Clark, Esmeralda, Lincoln, and Nye Counties, Nevada, reveal the following information:</p><p>A complex sequence of granitic, metamorphic, volcanic, and sedimentary rocks of Precambrian to Holocene age are present in the study area. Rocks of lower Precambrian age are metamorphic. These rocks can be divided into five principal types: (a) valley fill, (b) volcanic, (c) carbonate, (d) clastic, and (e) metamorphic and granitic. The valley fill which produces large amounts of water is the best aquifer and it contains the largest number of wells. The carbonate and the volcanic rocks produce small to large amounts of water from fractures or solution cavities. The clastic rocks and the metamorphic and granitic racks produce very little ground water.</p><p>The greatest concentration of wells in the study area is in the Las Vegas area, which has 79 percent of the total wells inventoried. The Las Vegas area has less than 1 percent of the springs inventoried.</p><p>The major uses of ground water listed in order of abundance, for the area exclusive of Las Vegas, are irrigation, domestic, public supply, and industrial. The major uses of ground water listed in order of abundance in the Las Vegas area are domestic, irrigation, public supply, and commercial.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70242053","usgsCitation":"Thordarson, W., and Robinson, B., 1971, Wells and springs in California and Nevada within 100 miles of point 37°15' N, 116°25' W, on Nevada test site, Report: ii, 178 p.; 4 Plates: 29.01 x 20.78 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/70242053.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 178 p.; 4 Plates: 29.01 x 20.78 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":433525,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70242053/figure-4.pdf","text":"Figure 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":433524,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70242053/figure-3.pdf","text":"Figure 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":432598,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70242053/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":433526,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70242053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":433522,"rank":2,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70242053/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":433523,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70242053/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.12871205149412,\n              36.83018971496931\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.12871205149412,\n              35.1509926527515\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.58100001192527,\n              35.1509926527515\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.58100001192527,\n              36.83018971496931\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.12871205149412,\n              36.83018971496931\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thordarson, William","contributorId":23539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordarson","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, B.P.","contributorId":7685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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