{"pageNumber":"638","pageRowStart":"15925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40807,"records":[{"id":70048113,"text":"ofr20131163 - 2013 - Submergence Vulnerability Index development and application to Coastwide Reference Monitoring System Sites and Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act projects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-10T19:40:45","indexId":"ofr20131163","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T19:33:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1163","title":"Submergence Vulnerability Index development and application to Coastwide Reference Monitoring System Sites and Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act projects","docAbstract":"Since its implementation in 2003, the Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS) in Louisiana has facilitated the creation of a comprehensive dataset that includes, but is not limited to, vegetation, hydrologic, and soil metrics on a coastwide scale. The primary impetus for this data collection is to assess land management activities, including restoration efforts, across the coast. The aim of the CRMS analytical team is to provide a method to synthesize this data to enable multiscaled evaluations of activities in Louisiana’s coastal wetlands. Several indices have been developed to facilitate data synthesis and interpretation, including a Floristic Quality Index, a Hydrologic Index, and a Landscape Index. This document details the development of the Submergence Vulnerability Index, which incorporates sediment-elevation data as well as hydrologic data to determine the vulnerability of a wetland based on its ability to keep pace with sea-level rise. The objective of this document is to provide Federal and State sponsors, project managers, planners, landowners, data users, and the rest of the coastal restoration community with the following: (1) data collection and model development methods for the sediment-elevation response variables, and (2) a description of how these response variables will be used to evaluate CWPPRA project and program effectiveness.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131163","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act","usgsCitation":"Stagg, C.L., Sharp, L., McGinnis, T., and Snedden, G., 2013, Submergence Vulnerability Index development and application to Coastwide Reference Monitoring System Sites and Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act projects: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1163, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131163.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131163.gif"},{"id":277466,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1163/"},{"id":277467,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1163/pdf/OF13-1163.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.04,28.93 ], [ -94.04,30.99 ], [ -88.82,30.99 ], [ -88.82,28.93 ], [ -94.04,28.93 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5230315fe4b04b8e63a2060c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stagg, Camille L. 0000-0002-1125-7253 staggc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7253","contributorId":4111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"Camille","email":"staggc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharp, Leigh A.","contributorId":43879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"Leigh A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGinnis, Thomas E.","contributorId":92959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGinnis","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snedden, Gregg A. 0000-0001-7821-3709","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-3709","contributorId":17338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snedden","given":"Gregg A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70123993,"text":"70123993 - 2013 - Shear-wave velocity-based probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T15:39:19","indexId":"70123993","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T15:33:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shear-wave velocity-based probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction potential","docAbstract":"Shear-wave velocity (V<sub>s</sub>) offers a means to determine the seismic resistance of soil to liquefaction by a fundamental soil property. This paper presents the results of an 11-year international project to gather new V<sub>s</sub> site data and develop probabilistic correlations for seismic soil liquefaction occurrence. Toward that objective, shear-wave velocity test sites were identified, and measurements made for 301 new liquefaction field case histories in China, Japan, Taiwan, Greece, and the United States over a decade. The majority of these new case histories reoccupy those previously investigated by penetration testing. These new data are combined with previously published case histories to build a global catalog of 422 case histories of V<sub>s</sub> liquefaction performance. Bayesian regression and structural reliability methods facilitate a probabilistic treatment of the V<sub>s</sub> catalog for performance-based engineering applications. Where possible, uncertainties of the variables comprising both the seismic demand and the soil capacity were estimated and included in the analysis, resulting in greatly reduced overall model uncertainty relative to previous studies. The presented data set and probabilistic analysis also help resolve the ancillary issues of adjustment for soil fines content and magnitude scaling factors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000743","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R., Moss, R., Thompson, E., Seed, R., Cetin, K., Der Kiureghian, A., Tanaka, Y., and Tokimatsu, K., 2013, Shear-wave velocity-based probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction potential: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 139, no. 3, p. 407-419, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000743.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"419","ipdsId":"IP-018082","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11511/40770","text":"External Repository"},{"id":293622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293621,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000743"}],"country":"China;Greece;Japan;Taiwan;United States","volume":"139","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541165c4e4b0fe7e184a556b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, R.","contributorId":22921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moss, R.E.S.","contributorId":71362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"R.E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, E.M.","contributorId":104688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seed, R.B.","contributorId":34691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seed","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cetin, K.O.","contributorId":69339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cetin","given":"K.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Der Kiureghian, A.","contributorId":14615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Der Kiureghian","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tanaka, Y.","contributorId":14214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tokimatsu, K.","contributorId":85756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tokimatsu","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70124023,"text":"70124023 - 2013 - Is there room for all of us? Renewable energy and <i>Xerospermophilus mohavensis</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T22:00:26","indexId":"70124023","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T14:31:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is there room for all of us? Renewable energy and <i>Xerospermophilus mohavensis</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mohave ground squirrels </span><i>Xerospermophilus mohavensis</i><span> Merriam are small ground-dwelling rodents that have a highly restricted range in the northwest Mojave Desert, California, USA. Their small natural range is further reduced by habitat loss from agriculture, urban development, military training and recreational activities. Development of wind and solar resources for renewable energy has the potential to further reduce existing habitat. We used maximum entropy habitat models with observation data to describe current potential habitat in the context of future renewable energy development in the region. While 16% of historic habitat has been impacted by, or lost to, urbanization at present, an additional 10% may be affected by renewable energy development in the near future. Our models show that </span><i>X. mohavensis</i><span> habitat suitability is higher in areas slated for renewable energy development than in surrounding areas. We provide habitat maps that can be used to develop sampling designs, evaluate conservation corridors and inform development planning in the region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","doi":"10.3354/esr00487","usgsCitation":"Inman, R., Esque, T., Nussear, K.E., Leitner, P., Matocq, M.D., Weisberg, P.J., Dilts, T.E., and Vandergast, A.G., 2013, Is there room for all of us? Renewable energy and <i>Xerospermophilus mohavensis</i>: Endangered Species Research, v. 20, no. 1, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00487.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","ipdsId":"IP-040938","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00487","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.9789,34.1607 ], [ -117.9789,37.5219 ], [ -114.7254,37.5219 ], [ -114.7254,34.1607 ], [ -117.9789,34.1607 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541165c2e4b0fe7e184a555f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Inman, Richard D.","contributorId":91201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"Richard D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":3221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nussear, Kenneth E. knussear@usgs.gov","contributorId":2695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"Kenneth","email":"knussear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leitner, Philip","contributorId":31319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leitner","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matocq, Marjorie D.","contributorId":25482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matocq","given":"Marjorie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weisberg, Peter J.","contributorId":33631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisberg","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dilts, Tomas E.","contributorId":17160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dilts","given":"Tomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":97617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70123871,"text":"70123871 - 2013 - A network extension of species occupancy models in a patchy environment applied to the Yosemite toad (<i>Anaxyrus canorus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T11:36:43","indexId":"70123871","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T11:34:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A network extension of species occupancy models in a patchy environment applied to the Yosemite toad (<i>Anaxyrus canorus</i>)","docAbstract":"A central challenge of conservation biology is using limited data to predict rare species occurrence and identify conservation areas that play a disproportionate role in regional persistence. Where species occupy discrete patches in a landscape, such predictions require data about environmental quality of individual patches and the connectivity among high quality patches. We present a novel extension to species occupancy modeling that blends traditionalpredictions of individual patch environmental quality with network analysis to estimate connectivity characteristics using limited survey data. We demonstrate this approach using environmental and geospatial attributes to predict observed occupancy patterns of the Yosemite toad (<i>Anaxyrus (= Bufo) canorus</i>) across >2,500 meadows in Yosemite National Park (USA). <i>A. canorus</i>, a Federal Proposed Species, breeds in shallow water associated with meadows. Our generalized linear model (GLM) accurately predicted ~84% of true presence-absence data on a subset of data withheld for testing. The predicted environmental quality of each meadow was iteratively ‘boosted’ by the quality of neighbors within dispersal distance. We used this park-wide meadow connectivity network to estimate the relative influence of an individual Meadow’s ‘environmental quality’ versus its ‘network quality’ to predict: a) clusters of high quality breeding meadows potentially linked by dispersal, b) breeding meadows with high environmental quality that are isolated from other such meadows, c) breeding meadows with lower environmental quality where long-term persistence may critically depend on the network neighborhood, and d) breeding meadows with the biggest impact on park-wide breeding patterns. Combined with targeted data on dispersal, genetics, disease, and other potential stressors, these results can guide designation of core conservation areas for <i>A. canorus</i> in Yosemite National Park.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"PlosOne","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0072200","usgsCitation":"Berlow, E.L., Knapp, R.A., Ostoja, S.M., Williams, R.J., McKenny, H., Matchett, J.R., Guo, Q., Fellers, G.M., Kleeman, P., Brooks, M.L., and Joppa, L., 2013, A network extension of species occupancy models in a patchy environment applied to the Yosemite toad (<i>Anaxyrus canorus</i>): PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 8, e72200, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072200.","productDescription":"e72200","ipdsId":"IP-042749","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open 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,{"id":70048093,"text":"fs20133059 - 2013 - Titanium: light, strong, and white","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:36:08","indexId":"fs20133059","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T10:43:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3059","title":"Titanium: light, strong, and white","docAbstract":"Titanium (Ti) is a strong silver-gray metal that is highly resistant to corrosion and is chemically inert. It is as strong as steel but 45 percent lighter, and it is twice as strong as aluminum but only 60 percent heavier. Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) has a very high refractive index, which means that it has high light-scattering ability. As a result, TiO<sub>2</sub> imparts whiteness, opacity, and brightness to many products. ...Because of the unique physical properties of titanium metal and the whiteness provided by TiO<sub>2</sub>, titanium is now used widely in modern industrial societies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133059","usgsCitation":"Woodruff, L., and Bedinger, G., 2013, Titanium: light, strong, and white: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3059, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133059.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133059.gif"},{"id":277446,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3059/pdf/fs2013-3059.pdf"},{"id":277445,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3059/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52303160e4b04b8e63a20610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel","contributorId":41730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedinger, George","contributorId":53688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70123859,"text":"70123859 - 2013 - Constraints on the upper crustal magma reservoir beneath Yellowstone Caldera inferred from lake-seiche induced strain observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T10:46:42","indexId":"70123859","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T10:42:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on the upper crustal magma reservoir beneath Yellowstone Caldera inferred from lake-seiche induced strain observations","docAbstract":"Seiche waves in Yellowstone Lake with a ~78-minute period and heights <10 cm act as a load on the solid earth observed by borehole strainmeters with subnanostrain sensitivity throughout the Yellowstone Caldera. The far-field strain induced by the load of the seiche waves calculated with a homogeneous elastic model representing the upper crust is more than an order of magnitude smaller than the measured strain amplitude ~30 km from the lake shore. By contrast, the observed far field strain amplitudes are consistent with the seiche load on a two-layered viscoelastic model representing an elastic upper crust overlying a partially molten body deeper than 3–6 km with Maxwell viscosity less than 10<sup>11</sup> Pa s. These strain observations and models provide independent evidence for the presence of partially molten material in the upper crust, consistent with seismic tomography studies that inferred 10%–30% melt fraction in the upper crust.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/grl.50155","usgsCitation":"Luttrell, K., Mencin, D., Francis, O., and Hurwitz, S., 2013, Constraints on the upper crustal magma reservoir beneath Yellowstone Caldera inferred from lake-seiche induced strain observations: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 3, p. 501-506, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50155.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"506","ipdsId":"IP-041947","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50155","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293594,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.50155"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.581185,44.276652 ], [ -110.581185,44.563972 ], [ -110.198026,44.563972 ], [ -110.198026,44.276652 ], [ -110.581185,44.276652 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541165c0e4b0fe7e184a5555","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luttrell, Karen","contributorId":92971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luttrell","given":"Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mencin, David","contributorId":70376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mencin","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Francis, Oliver","contributorId":71106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"Oliver","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048056,"text":"70048056 - 2013 - A new model for the growth of basaltic shields based on deformation of Fernandina volcano, Galápagos Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-10T10:27:11","indexId":"70048056","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T10:18:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new model for the growth of basaltic shields based on deformation of Fernandina volcano, Galápagos Islands","docAbstract":"Space-geodetic measurements of surface deformation produced by the most recent eruptions at Fernandina – the most frequently erupting volcano in the Galápagos Archipelago – reveal that all have initiated with the intrusion of subhorizontal sills from a shallow magma reservoir. This includes eruptions from fissures that are oriented both radially and circumferentially with respect to the summit caldera. A Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image acquired 1–2 h before the start of a radial fissure eruption in 2009 captures one of these sills in the midst of its propagation toward the surface. Galápagos eruptive fissures of all orientations have previously been presumed to be fed by vertical dikes, and this assumption has guided models of the origin of the eruptive fissure geometry and overall development of the volcanoes. Our findings allow us to reinterpret the internal structure and evolution of Galápagos volcanoes and of similar basaltic shields. Furthermore, we note that stress changes generated by the emplacement of subhorizontal sills feeding one type of eruption may control the geometry of subsequent eruptive fissures. Specifically, circumferential fissures tend to open within areas uplifted by sill intrusions that initiated previous radial fissure eruptions. This mechanism provides a possible explanation for the pattern of eruptive fissures that characterizes all the western Galápagos volcanoes, as well as the alternation between radial and circumferential fissure eruptions at Fernandina. The same model suggests that the next eruption of Fernandina will be from a circumferential fissure in the area uplifted by the 2009 sill intrusion, just southwest of the caldera rim.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2013.07.016","usgsCitation":"Bagnardi, M., Amelung, F., and Poland, M., 2013, A new model for the growth of basaltic shields based on deformation of Fernandina volcano, Galápagos Islands: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 377-378, p. 358-366, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.07.016.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"358","endPage":"366","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-048920","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277413,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.07.016"}],"country":"Ecuador","state":"Galápagos Islands","otherGeospatial":"Fernandina Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.666077,-0.514632 ], [ -91.666077,-0.256913 ], [ -91.36665,-0.256913 ], [ -91.36665,-0.514632 ], [ -91.666077,-0.514632 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"377-378","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5230314fe4b04b8e63a205fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bagnardi, Marco","contributorId":62106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagnardi","given":"Marco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amelung, Falk","contributorId":83569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amelung","given":"Falk","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70123898,"text":"70123898 - 2013 - Landscape-scale effects of fire severity on mixed-conifer and red fir forest structure in Yosemite National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T09:51:19","indexId":"70123898","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape-scale effects of fire severity on mixed-conifer and red fir forest structure in Yosemite National Park","docAbstract":"<p>While fire shapes the structure of forests and acts as a keystone process, the details of how fire modifies forest structure have been difficult to evaluate because of the complexity of interactions between fires and forests. We studied this relationship across 69.2 km2 of Yosemite National Park, USA, that was subject to 32 fires ⩾40 ha between 1984 and 2010. Forests types included ponderosa pine (<i>Pinus ponderosa</i>), white fir-sugar pine (<i>Abies concolor/Pinus lambertiana</i>), and red fir (<i>Abies magnifica</i>). We estimated and stratified burned area by fire severity using the Landsat-derived Relativized differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR). Airborne LiDAR data, acquired in July 2010, measured the vertical and horizontal structure of canopy material and landscape patterning of canopy patches and gaps. Increasing fire severity changed structure at the scale of fire severity patches, the arrangement of canopy patches and gaps within fire severity patches, and vertically within tree clumps. Each forest type showed an individual trajectory of structural change with increasing fire severity. As a result, the relationship between estimates of fire severity such as RdNBR and actual changes appears to vary among forest types. We found three arrangements of canopy patches and gaps associated with different fire severities: canopy-gap arrangements in which gaps were enclosed in otherwise continuous canopy (typically unburned and low fire severities); patch-gap arrangements in which tree clumps and gaps alternated and neither dominated (typically moderate fire severity); and open-patch arrangements in which trees were scattered across open areas (typically high fire severity).</p>\n<br>\n<p>Compared to stands outside fire perimeters, increasing fire severity generally resulted first in loss of canopy cover in lower height strata and increased number and size of gaps, then in loss of canopy cover in higher height strata, and eventually the transition to open areas with few or no trees. However, the estimated fire severities at which these transitions occurred differed for each forest type. Our work suggests that low severity fire in red fir forests and moderate severity fire in ponderosa pine and white fir-sugar pine forests would restore vertical and horizontal canopy structures believed to have been common prior to the start of widespread fire suppression in the early 1900s. The fusion of LiDAR and Landsat data identified post-fire structural conditions that would not be identified by Landsat alone, suggesting a broad applicability of combining Landsat and LiDAR data for landscape-scale structural analysis for fire management.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.044","usgsCitation":"Kane, V., Lutz, J.A., Roberts, S.L., Smith, D.F., McGaughey, R.J., Povak, N., and Brooks, M.L., 2013, Landscape-scale effects of fire severity on mixed-conifer and red fir forest structure in Yosemite National Park: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 287, p. 17-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.044.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"31","ipdsId":"IP-038395","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293584,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293575,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.044"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.886496,37.494762 ], [ -119.886496,38.185228 ], [ -119.195416,38.185228 ], [ -119.195416,37.494762 ], [ -119.886496,37.494762 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"287","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541165c3e4b0fe7e184a5562","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.044","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.044","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Kane Van R., Lutz James A., Roberts Susan L., Smith Douglas F., McGaughey Robert J., Povak Nicholas A., Brooks Matthew L.","journalName":"Forest Ecology and Management","publicationDate":"1/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Van R.","contributorId":25873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Van R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lutz, James A.","contributorId":61350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, Susan L.","contributorId":85312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Douglas F.","contributorId":76235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGaughey, Robert J.","contributorId":36865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGaughey","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Povak, Nicholas A.","contributorId":55749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Povak","given":"Nicholas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70048051,"text":"ofr20131185 - 2013 - Internet-based Modeling, Mapping, and Analysis for the Greater Everglades (IMMAGE; Version 1.0): web-based tools to assess the impact of sea level rise in south Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T12:59:37","indexId":"ofr20131185","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T14:42:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1185","title":"Internet-based Modeling, Mapping, and Analysis for the Greater Everglades (IMMAGE; Version 1.0): web-based tools to assess the impact of sea level rise in south Florida","docAbstract":"South Florida's Greater Everglades area is particularly vulnerable to sea level rise, due to its rich endowment of animal and plant species and its heavily populated urban areas along the coast. Rising sea levels are expected to have substantial impacts on inland flooding, the depth and extent of surge from coastal storms, the degradation of water supplies by saltwater intrusion, and the integrity of plant and animal habitats. Planners and managers responsible for mitigating these impacts require advanced tools to help them more effectively identify areas at risk. The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Internet-based Modeling, Mapping, and Analysis for the Greater Everglades (IMMAGE) Web site has been developed to address these needs by providing more convenient access to projections from models that forecast the effects of sea level rise on surface water and groundwater, the extent of surge and resulting economic losses from coastal storms, and the distribution of habitats. IMMAGE not only provides an advanced geographic information system (GIS) interface to support decision making, but also includes topic-based modules that explain and illustrate key concepts for nontechnical users. The purpose of this report is to familiarize both technical and nontechnical users with the IMMAGE Web site and its various applications.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131185","usgsCitation":"Hearn, P., Strong, D., Swain, E., and Decker, J., 2013, Internet-based Modeling, Mapping, and Analysis for the Greater Everglades (IMMAGE; Version 1.0): web-based tools to assess the impact of sea level rise in south Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1185, v, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131185.","productDescription":"v, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131185.gif"},{"id":277406,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1185/"},{"id":277407,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1185/pdf/of2013-1185.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Greater Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.6721,24.2069 ], [ -82.6721,27.2644 ], [ -79.541,27.2644 ], [ -79.541,24.2069 ], [ -82.6721,24.2069 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb69e4b08fd0132e7945","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, Paul","contributorId":28702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strong, David","contributorId":101767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strong","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swain, Eric 0000-0001-7168-708X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":23347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Decker, Jeremy","contributorId":99662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"Jeremy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048035,"text":"70048035 - 2013 - A comprehensive evaluation of two MODIS evapotranspiration products over the conterminous United States: using point and gridded FLUXNET and water balance ET","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T12:47:19","indexId":"70048035","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T12:38:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comprehensive evaluation of two MODIS evapotranspiration products over the conterminous United States: using point and gridded FLUXNET and water balance ET","docAbstract":"Remote sensing datasets are increasingly being used to provide spatially explicit large scale evapotranspiration (ET) estimates. Extensive evaluation of such large scale estimates is necessary before they can be used in various applications. In this study, two monthly MODIS 1 km ET products, MODIS global ET (MOD16) and Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) ET, are validated over the conterminous United States at both point and basin scales. Point scale validation was performed using eddy covariance FLUXNET ET (FLET) data (2001–2007) aggregated by year, land cover, elevation and climate zone. Basin scale validation was performed using annual gridded FLUXNET ET (GFET) and annual basin water balance ET (WBET) data aggregated by various hydrologic unit code (HUC) levels. Point scale validation using monthly data aggregated by years revealed that the MOD16 ET and SSEBop ET products showed overall comparable annual accuracies. For most land cover types, both ET products showed comparable results. However, SSEBop showed higher performance for Grassland and Forest classes; MOD16 showed improved performance in the Woody Savanna class. Accuracy of both the ET products was also found to be comparable over different climate zones. However, SSEBop data showed higher skill score across the climate zones covering the western United States. Validation results at different HUC levels over 2000–2011 using GFET as a reference indicate higher accuracies for MOD16 ET data. MOD16, SSEBop and GFET data were validated against WBET (2000–2009), and results indicate that both MOD16 and SSEBop ET matched the accuracies of the global GFET dataset at different HUC levels. Our results indicate that both MODIS ET products effectively reproduced basin scale ET response (up to 25% uncertainty) compared to CONUS-wide point-based ET response (up to 50–60% uncertainty) illustrating the reliability of MODIS ET products for basin-scale ET estimation. Results from this research would guide the additional parameter refinement required for the MOD16 and SSEBop algorithms in order to further improve their accuracy and performance for agro-hydrologic applications.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.013","usgsCitation":"Velpuri, N.M., Senay, G., Singh, R.K., Bohms, S., and Verdin, J.P., 2013, A comprehensive evaluation of two MODIS evapotranspiration products over the conterminous United States: using point and gridded FLUXNET and water balance ET: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 139, p. 35-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.013.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-046110","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277383,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.013"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"139","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb52e4b08fd0132e7911","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Velpuri, Naga M. 0000-0002-6370-1926","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":96183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":66808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Singh, Ramesh K. 0000-0002-8164-3483 rsingh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8164-3483","contributorId":3895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"Ramesh","email":"rsingh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohms, Stefanie 0000-0002-2979-4655 sbohms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-4655","contributorId":3148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohms","given":"Stefanie","email":"sbohms@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70046611,"text":"70046611 - 2013 - Brine intrusion by upconing for a high-level nuclear waste repository at Forsmark: Scoping calculations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-23T16:15:37.688752","indexId":"70046611","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T11:06:23","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"2013:28","title":"Brine intrusion by upconing for a high-level nuclear waste repository at Forsmark: Scoping calculations","docAbstract":"<p>SSM currently reviews a license application for a spent nuclear fuel repository that is proposed to be located at Forsmark, Sweden. The repository is to be situated&nbsp; at 500 m depth in the rock and copper canisters are deposited in holes excavated from the tunnel system. To protect the canisters they are surrounded by a bentonite clay buffer, which is to swell when getting in contact with water. The swelling properties are dependent on the salt content of the water and excessively high salt contents may inhibit the swelling. Thus it is important to ensure that the bentonite is not subjected to water with too high salt contents. The salt content of the groundwater increases with depth and is expected to reach levels that may affect buffer performance at large depths. When excavating the repository very high hydraulic gradients are established and water and salt movement from the depth to the repository, so-called ‘upconing’, could possibly occur.</p><p>The objective of this study is to evaluate the possibility of salt-water migration to the repository. This objective is motivated by the adverse impacts of water with too high salinity entering the repository and by the uncertainty of the relevant hydraulic and hydrogeochemical conditions at the Forsmark site at great depths. To analyse density dependent flow and salt transport at the Forsmark site the USGS’ SUTRA code is used.&nbsp; This study proceeds by finding critical model cases for which upconing does or does not occur, while assessing whether the parameterizations of these cases are realistic for the Forsmark site. In addition, the fall of the upconed salt mound (i.e. downconing) following closure of the repository is also evaluated. In particular the objectives are (1) to determine the factors that control saltwater upconing in a hydrogeological setting representative of Forsmark; (2) to relate these factors to the plausible conditions prevailing at the repository site; (3) to investigate whether the proposed repository is likely to generate saltwater upconing, given the range of uncertainty in hydrogeologic structure and parameter values; and (4) to evaluate the timing of upconing (salinization) and the timing of downconing (freshening) following repository closure for cases where upconing occurs.</p><p>The results of this simulation analysis show that upconing behavior is strongly affected by the ratio of permeability to porosity in any zone in which upconing might occur. Within the full range of parameters that are likely to occur at the Forsmark site, the model yields either no significant upconing at all during the operational period of the repository or intrusion of brine-type waters after only one to a few decades.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Swedish Radiation Safety Authority","publisherLocation":"Stockholm, Sweden","usgsCitation":"Voss, C.I., Geier, J., and Lindgren, G., 2013, Brine intrusion by upconing for a high-level nuclear waste repository at Forsmark: Scoping calculations, 56 p.","productDescription":"56 p.","ipdsId":"IP-046424","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":397466,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.stralsakerhetsmyndigheten.se/en/publications/reports/waste-shipments-physical-protection/2013/201328/"}],"country":"Sweden","city":"Forsmark","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              18.143577575683594,\n              60.368031413794576\n            ],\n            [\n              18.165464401245117,\n              60.368031413794576\n            ],\n            [\n              18.165464401245117,\n              60.374290270786524\n            ],\n            [\n              18.143577575683594,\n              60.374290270786524\n            ],\n            [\n              18.143577575683594,\n              60.368031413794576\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geier, Joel","contributorId":118579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geier","given":"Joel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindgren, Georg","contributorId":115203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"Georg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047076,"text":"70047076 - 2013 - A record of large earthquakes during the past two millennia on the southern Green Valley Fault, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T09:56:59","indexId":"70047076","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T09:47:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A record of large earthquakes during the past two millennia on the southern Green Valley Fault, California","docAbstract":"We document evidence for surface-rupturing earthquakes (events) at two trench sites on the southern Green Valley fault, California (SGVF). The 75-80-km long dextral SGVF creeps ~1-4 mm/yr. We identify stratigraphic horizons disrupted by upward-flowering shears and in-filled fissures unlikely to have formed from creep alone. The Mason Rd site exhibits four events from ~1013 CE to the Present. The Lopes Ranch site (LR, 12 km to the south) exhibits three events from 18 BCE to Present including the most recent event (MRE), 1610 ±52 yr CE (1σ) and a two-event interval (18 BCE-238 CE) isolated by a millennium of low deposition. Using Oxcal to model the timing of the 4-event earthquake sequence from radiocarbon data and the LR MRE yields a mean recurrence interval (RI or μ) of 199 ±82 yr (1σ) and ±35 yr (standard error of the mean), the first based on geologic data. The time since the most recent earthquake (open window since MRE) is 402 yr ±52 yr, well past μ~200 yr.  The shape of the probability density function (pdf) of the average RI from Oxcal resembles a Brownian Passage Time (BPT) pdf (i.e., rather than normal) that permits rarer longer ruptures potentially involving the Berryessa and Hunting Creek sections of the northernmost GVF. The model coefficient of variation (cv, σ/μ) is 0.41, but a larger value (cv ~0.6) fits better when using BPT. A BPT pdf with μ of 250 yr and cv of 0.6 yields 30-yr rupture probabilities of 20-25% versus a Poisson probability of 11-17%.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120120198","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., Baldwin, J.N., Turner, R., Sickler, R.R., and Brown, J., 2013, A record of large earthquakes during the past two millennia on the southern Green Valley Fault, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 103, no. 4, p. 2386-2403, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120198.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2386","endPage":"2403","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-034201","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275085,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120120198"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Green Valley Fault","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0,37.0 ], [ -123.0,39.0 ], [ -121.7,39.0 ], [ -121.7,37.0 ], [ -123.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"103","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb62e4b08fd0132e7915","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldwin, John N.","contributorId":58551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, Robert","contributorId":56244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sickler, Robert R. 0000-0002-9141-625X rsickler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-625X","contributorId":3235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sickler","given":"Robert","email":"rsickler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Johnathan","contributorId":56082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Johnathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70048008,"text":"sir20135160 - 2013 - Numerical simulation of the groundwater-flow system in Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T09:34:23","indexId":"sir20135160","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T09:27:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5160","title":"Numerical simulation of the groundwater-flow system in Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington","docAbstract":"A groundwater-flow model was developed to evaluate potential future effects of growth and of water-management strategies on water resources in the Chimacum Creek Basin. The model covers an area of about 64 square miles (mi<sup>2</sup>) on the Olympic Peninsula in northeastern Jefferson County, Washington. The Chimacum Creek Basin drains an area of about 53 mi<sup>2</sup> and consists of Chimacum Creek and its tributary East Fork Chimacum Creek, which converge near the town of Chimacum and discharge to Port Townsend Bay near the town of Irondale. The topography of the model area consists of north-south oriented, narrow, regularly spaced parallel ridges and valleys that are characteristic of fluted glaciated surfaces. Thick accumulations of peat occur along the axis of East Fork Chimacum Creek and provide rich soils for agricultural use. The study area is underlain by a north-thickening sequence of unconsolidated glacial (till and outwash) and interglacial (fluvial and lacustrine) deposits, and sedimentary and igneous bedrock units that crop out along the margins and the western interior of the model area. Six hydrogeologic units in the model area form the basis of the groundwater-flow model. They are represented by model layers UC (upper confining), UA (upper aquifer), MC (middle confining), LA (lower aquifer), LC (lower confining), and OE (bedrock). Groundwater flow in the Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity was simulated using the groundwater-flow model, MODFLOW-2005. The finite-difference model grid comprises 245 columns, 313 rows, and 6 layers. Each model cell has a horizontal dimension of 200 × 200 feet (ft). The thickness of model layers varies throughout the model area and ranges from 5 ft in the non-bedrock units to more than 2,400 ft in the bedrock. Groundwater flow was simulated for steady-state conditions, which were simulated for calibration of the model using average recharge, discharge, and water levels for the 180-month period October 1994–September 2009. The model as calibrated has a mean residual of 4.5 ft and a standard error on the mean of 2.1 ft for heads, and 0.64±0.42 cubic feet per second for streamflows. After the model was calibrated, a Current Conditions simulation was developed to reflect current (October 2008–September 2009) hydrologic conditions, with representative pumping, return flows, and “normal” recharge (based on National Weather Service average precipitation for 1981 to 2010). The Current Conditions simulation was used to estimate current flow quantities, and as a basis to compare other simulations.Simulated steady-state inflow to the model area from precipitation and secondary recharge, or “return flow,” was 16,347 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr); groundwater inflow from other basins to the north of the model boundary was 1,518 acre-ft/yr (net, 3,114 acre-ft/yr in and 1,596 acre-ft/yr out) and simulated inflow from lake leakage was 613 acre-ft/yr (net, 684 acre-ft/yr in and 71 acre-ft/yr out). Simulated outflow from the model primarily was through discharge to Puget Sound (10,022 acre-ft/yr), streams (5,424 acre-ft/yr ), springs and seeps (1,521 acre-ft/yr), and through withdrawals from wells (1,506 acre-ft/yr). Four simulations were formulated using the calibrated model—one to represent current conditions (2009, the end of the period used for calibration) and three to provide representative examples of how the model can be used to evaluate the relative effects of potential changes in groundwater withdrawals and consumptive use on groundwater levels and stream base flows: Probable Future Use, based on population projections; Full Beneficial Use, based on Jefferson County Public Utility District #1 water rights; Sanitary Sewer, based on eliminating septic return flows in the Urban Growth Area. Particle tracking was used to assess flowpaths from sources and to sinks, and the effects of the presence of irrigation wells and their depths was assessed.","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/sir20135160","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Jefferson County and the Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.L., Johnson, K.H., and Frans, L.M., 2013, Numerical simulation of the groundwater-flow system in Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5160, vii, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135160.","productDescription":"vii, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"86","ipdsId":"IP-046166","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277358,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/SIR20135160.PNG"},{"id":277329,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5160/"},{"id":277357,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5160/pdf/sir20135160.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Jefferson County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0696,46.9432 ], [ -123.0696,48.5235 ], [ -121.5553,48.5235 ], [ -121.5553,46.9432 ], [ -123.0696,46.9432 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb6ae4b08fd0132e794d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Joseph L. jljones@usgs.gov","contributorId":3492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Joseph","email":"jljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Kenneth H. johnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kenneth","email":"johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frans, Lonna M. 0000-0002-3217-1862 lmfrans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-1862","contributorId":1493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"Lonna","email":"lmfrans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048015,"text":"70048015 - 2013 - Evaluation of internal loading and water level changes: implications for phosphorus, algal production, and nuisance blooms in Kabetogama Lake, Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T09:19:16","indexId":"70048015","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T09:14:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of internal loading and water level changes: implications for phosphorus, algal production, and nuisance blooms in Kabetogama Lake, Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Hydrologic manipulations have the potential to exacerbate or remediate eutrophication in productive reservoirs. Dam operations at Kabetogama Lake, Minnesota, were modified in 2000 to restore a more natural water regime and improve water quality. The US Geological Survey and National Park Service evaluated nutrient, algae, and nuisance bloom data in relation to changes in Kabetogama Lake water levels. Comparison of the results of this study to previous studies indicates that chlorophyll a concentrations have decreased, whereas total phosphorus (TP) concentrations have not changed significantly since 2000. Water and sediment quality data were collected at Voyageurs National Park during 2008–2009 to assess internal phosphorus loading and determine whether loading is a factor affecting TP concentrations and algal productivity. Kabetogama Lake often was mixed vertically, except for occasional stratification measured in certain areas, including Lost Bay in the northeastern part of Kabetogama Lake. Stratification, higher bottom water and sediment nutrient concentrations than in other parts of the lake, and phosphorus release rates estimated from sediment core incubations indicated that Lost Bay is one of several areas that may be contributing to internal loading. Internal loading of TP is a concern because increased TP may cause excessive algal growth including potentially toxic cyanobacteria.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lake and Reservoir Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10402381.2013.831148","usgsCitation":"Christensen, V.G., Maki, R., and Kiesling, R.L., 2013, Evaluation of internal loading and water level changes: implications for phosphorus, algal production, and nuisance blooms in Kabetogama Lake, Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 29, no. 3, p. 202-215, https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2013.831148.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"202","endPage":"215","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-043981","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2013.831148","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":277356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277355,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2013.831148"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Voyageurs National Park;Kabetogama Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.128616,48.402901 ], [ -93.128616,48.53329 ], [ -92.785409,48.53329 ], [ -92.785409,48.402901 ], [ -93.128616,48.402901 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb68e4b08fd0132e793d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, Victoria G. 0000-0003-4166-7461 vglenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-7461","contributorId":2354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Victoria","email":"vglenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maki, Ryan P.","contributorId":100111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maki","given":"Ryan P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kiesling, Richard L. 0000-0002-3017-1826 kiesling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3017-1826","contributorId":1837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiesling","given":"Richard","email":"kiesling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047434,"text":"70047434 - 2013 - Dendrometer bands made easy: using modified cable ties to measure incremental growth of trees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T15:38:24","indexId":"70047434","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T09:09:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":826,"text":"Applications in Plant Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dendrometer bands made easy: using modified cable ties to measure incremental growth of trees","docAbstract":"Dendrometer bands are a useful way to make sequential repeated measurements of tree growth, but traditional dendrometer bands can be expensive, time consuming, and difficult to construct in the field. An alternative to the traditional method of band construction is to adapt commercially available materials. This paper describes how to construct and install dendrometer bands using smooth-edged, stainless steel, cable tie banding and attachable rollerball heads. As a performance comparison, both traditional and cable tie dendrometer bands were installed on baldcypress trees at the National Wetlands Research Center in Lafayette, Louisiana, by both an experienced and a novice worker. Band installation times were recorded, and growth of the trees as estimated by the two band types was measured after approximately one year, demonstrating equivalence of the two methods.  This efficient approach to dendrometer band construction can help advance the knowledge of long-term tree growth in ecological studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applications in Plant Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","doi":"10.3732/apps.1300044","usgsCitation":"Anemaet, E.R., and Middleton, B.A., 2013, Dendrometer bands made easy: using modified cable ties to measure incremental growth of trees: Applications in Plant Science, v. 1, no. 9, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3732/apps.1300044.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-045743","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3732/apps.1300044","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":277410,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277409,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3732/apps.1300044"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"Lafayette","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.0455907,30.224949 ], [ -92.0455907,30.2265983 ], [ -92.0433408,30.2265983 ], [ -92.0433408,30.224949 ], [ -92.0455907,30.224949 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"1","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb67e4b08fd0132e792d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anemaet, Evelyn R. 0000-0002-9743-8732 anemaete@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9743-8732","contributorId":4882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anemaet","given":"Evelyn","email":"anemaete@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":2029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048012,"text":"ofr20131170I - 2013 - Population vulnerability and evacuation challenges in California for the SAFRR tsunami scenario","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70048012,"text":"ofr20131170I - 2013 - Population vulnerability and evacuation challenges in California for the SAFRR tsunami scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170I","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"Population vulnerability and evacuation challenges in California for the SAFRR tsunami scenario"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70047964,"text":"ofr20131170 - 2013 - The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70047964,"text":"ofr20131170 - 2013 - The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T17:14:45.699859","indexId":"ofr20131170I","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T07:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"I","title":"Population vulnerability and evacuation challenges in California for the SAFRR tsunami scenario","docAbstract":"The SAFRR tsunami scenario models the impacts of a hypothetical yet plausible tsunami associated with a magnitude 9.1 megathrust earthquake east of the Alaska Peninsula. This report summarizes community variations in population vulnerability and potential evacuation challenges to the tsunami. The most significant public-health concern for California coastal communities during a distant-source tsunami is the ability to evacuate people out of potential inundation zones. Fatalities from the SAFRR tsunami scenario could be low if emergency managers can implement an effective evacuation in the time between tsunami generation and arrival, as well as keep people from entering tsunami-prone areas until all-clear messages can be delivered. This will be challenging given the estimated 91,956 residents, 81,277 employees, as well as numerous public venues, dependent-population facilities, community-support businesses, and high-volume beaches that are in the 79 incorporated communities and 17 counties that have land in the scenario tsunami-inundation zone. Although all coastal communities face some level of threat from this scenario, the highest concentrations of people in the scenario tsunami-inundation zone are in Long Beach, San Diego, Newport Beach, Huntington Beach, and San Francisco. Communities also vary in the prevalent categories of populations that are in scenario tsunami-inundation zones, such as residents in Long Beach, employees in San Francisco, tourists at public venues in Santa Cruz, and beach or park visitors in unincorporated Los Angeles County. Certain communities have higher percentages of groups that may need targeted outreach and preparedness training, such as renters, the very young and very old, and individuals with limited English-language skills or no English-language skills at all. Sustained education and targeted evacuation messaging is also important at several high-occupancy public venues in the scenario tsunami-inundation zone (for example, city and county beaches, State or national parks, and amusement parks). Evacuations will be challenging, particularly for certain dependent-care populations, such as patients at hospitals and children at schools and daycare centers. We estimate that approximately 8,678 of the 91,956 residents in the scenario inundation zone are likely to need publicly provided shelters in the short term. 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,{"id":70048009,"text":"ofr20131170H - 2013 - Economic impacts of the SAFRR tsunami scenario in California: Chapter H in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T01:34:29","indexId":"ofr20131170H","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T01:12:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"H","title":"Economic impacts of the SAFRR tsunami scenario in California: Chapter H in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","docAbstract":"This study evaluates the hypothetical economic impacts of the SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) tsunami scenario to the California economy. The SAFRR scenario simulates a tsunami generated by a hypothetical magnitude 9.1 earthquake that occurs offshore of the Alaska Peninsula (Kirby and others, 2013). Economic impacts are measured by the estimated reduction in California’s gross domestic product (GDP), the standard economic measure of the total value of goods and services produced. Economic impacts are derived from the physical damages from the tsunami as described by Porter and others (2013). The principal physical damages that result in disruption of the California economy are (1) about $100 million in damages to the twin Ports of Los Angeles (POLA) and Long Beach (POLB), (2) about $700 million in damages to marinas, and (3) about $2.5 billion in damages to buildings and contents (properties) in the tsunami inundation zone on the California coast. The study of economic impacts does not include the impacts from damages to roads, bridges, railroads, and agricultural production or fires in fuel storage facilities because these damages will be minimal with respect to the California economy. The economic impacts of damage to other California ports are not included in this study because detailed evaluation of the physical damage to these ports was not available in time for this report. The analysis of economic impacts is accomplished in several steps. First, estimates are made for the direct economic impacts that result in immediate business interruption losses in individual sectors of the economy due to physical damage to facilities or to disruption of the flow of production units (commodities necessary for production). Second, the total economic impacts (consisting of both direct and indirect effects) are measured by including the general equilibrium (essentially quantity and price multiplier effects) of lost production in other sectors by ripple effects upstream and downstream along the supply chain. An appropriate measure of the economic impacts on the California economy for the SAFRR tsunami scenario is the reduction in GDP. The economic impacts are first calculated without resilience, the ability of the economy to adjust to disruptions in ways that mute potential negative impacts. There are many types of resilience, including using existing inventories of materials, using unused capacity, conserving inputs, substituting for disrupted supplies, recapturing production after the disruption is restored, and many others. A method for estimating resilience, identified in the port system and sectors affected by property damages, is applied to indicate potential reductions of direct and total economic impacts. In this SAFRR tsunami scenario analysis of economic impacts to California, we implement established techniques used to model the economic impacts for two previous U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scenarios: the southern California Shakeout earthquake (Rose and others, 2011) and the California ARkStorm severe winter storm (Sue Wing and others, written commun., 2013). For the SAFRR tsunami scenario, we reviewed the relevant studies that assess economic impacts from previous tsunami events affecting California and elsewhere and estimate the economic impacts of potential tsunami and other threats to POLA and POLB. To our knowledge, assessment of impacts to the California economy from distant source tsunamis does not exist. Previous tsunamis, including those from the 1960 Chile earthquake, the 1964 Alaska earthquake, the 2008 Chile earthquake and the 2011 Japan earthquake, had only relatively minor or very localized severe damage (such as that in Crescent City in 1964), and no studies of the economic impacts were completed. A rare study of the economic impacts of a tsunami event has recently been produced for the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami (Kajitani and others, 2013). Quarterly declines in Japan’s GDP are observed to peak at ‒1.63 percent in the second quarter after the event and stagnate for the rest of the year. The majority of the economic impacts are attributed to the tsunami rather than the earthquake. The hardest hit sectors are identified as agriculture, fisheries, manufacturing, retail, and tourism. Other relevant studies have focused on the economic impacts of threats that close POLA and POLB. We find one analysis of a potential tsunami scenario affecting the California economy through disruption of port operations. Borrero and others (2005) estimated economic impacts to the southern California economy of $7 to $40 billion from a locally generated tsunami that closes POLA and POLB for as much as 1 year. There have also been several studies of the economic impacts of non-tsunami events affecting POLA and POLB. Analyses of an 11-day labor lockout produced a range of estimated national impacts of as much as $1.94 billion/day (Park and others 2008, Martin Associates 2001). Examination of a potential terrorist attack that closes the San Pedro port for 1 month yielded a $29 billion impact to the California economy (Park, 2008). These studies have reinforced the importance of recognizing economic resilience in economic impact analyses. Hall (2004) criticized the upper-end estimate of national economic impacts from the labor lockout based on model shortcomings that neglected short-run substitution behavior and fixed the long-run economic behaviors. Following the 2011 Japanese tsunami, resilience was observed in the forms of rapid recovery of manufacturing sectors, energy conservation, and insurance (Kajitani and others, 2013).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170H","collaboration":"Chapter H in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/\" target=\"_blank\">Open File Report 2013-1170</a>","usgsCitation":"Wein, A., Rose, A., Sue Wing, I., and Wei, D., 2013, Economic impacts of the SAFRR tsunami scenario in California: Chapter H in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, Report: 50 p.; Table D3: Excel file; Table D4: Excel file; Tsunami Port Direct Impacts without and with Resilience: Excel file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170H.","productDescription":"Report: 50 p.; Table D3: Excel file; Table D4: Excel file; Tsunami Port Direct Impacts without and with Resilience: Excel file","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170h.gif"},{"id":277330,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/h/"},{"id":277331,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/h/pdf/of2013-1170h.pdf"},{"id":277332,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/h/downloads/table_d3.xlsx"},{"id":277333,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/h/downloads/table_d4.xlsx"},{"id":277334,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/h/downloads/Tsunami_Port_Direct_Impacts_without_and_with_Resilience.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -124.48,42.01 ], [ -124.48,32.53 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb68e4b08fd0132e7935","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Adam","contributorId":82573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Adam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sue Wing, Ian","contributorId":54503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sue Wing","given":"Ian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wei, Dan","contributorId":26962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047997,"text":"ofr20131171 - 2013 - Evaluation of the groundwater flow model for southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah, updated to conditions through 2011, with new projections and groundwater management simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T15:27:37","indexId":"ofr20131171","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-05T14:38:53","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1171","title":"Evaluation of the groundwater flow model for southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah, updated to conditions through 2011, with new projections and groundwater management simulations","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Southern Utah Valley Municipal Water Association, updated an existing USGS model of southern Utah and Goshen Valleys for hydrologic and climatic conditions from 1991 to 2011 and used the model for projection and groundwater management simulations. All model files used in the transient model were updated to be compatible with MODFLOW-2005 and with the additional stress periods. The well and recharge files had the most extensive changes. Discharge to pumping wells in southern Utah and Goshen Valleys was estimated and simulated on an annual basis from 1991 to 2011. Recharge estimates for 1991 to 2011 were included in the updated model by using precipitation, streamflow, canal diversions, and irrigation groundwater withdrawals for each year. The model was evaluated to determine how well it simulates groundwater conditions during recent increased withdrawals and drought, and to determine if the model is adequate for use in future planning. In southern Utah Valley, the magnitude and direction of annual water-level fluctuation simulated by the updated model reasonably match measured water-level changes, but they do not simulate as much decline as was measured in some locations from 2000 to 2002. Both the rapid increase in groundwater withdrawals and the total groundwater withdrawals in southern Utah Valley during this period exceed the variations and magnitudes simulated during the 1949 to 1990 calibration period. It is possible that hydraulic properties may be locally incorrect or that changes, such as land use or irrigation diversions, occurred that are not simulated. In the northern part of Goshen Valley, simulated water-level changes reasonably match measured changes. Farther south, however, simulated declines are much less than measured declines. Land-use changes indicate that groundwater withdrawals in Goshen Valley are possibly greater than estimated and simulated. It is also possible that irrigation methods, amount of diversions, or other factors have changed that are not simulated or that aquifer properties are incorrectly simulated. The model can be used for projections about the effects of future groundwater withdrawals and managed aquifer recharge in southern Utah Valley, but rapid changes in withdrawals and increasing withdrawals dramatically may reduce the accuracy of the predicted water-level and groundwater-budget changes. The model should not be used for projections in Goshen Valley until additional withdrawal and discharge data are collected and the model is recalibrated if necessary. Model projections indicate large drawdowns of up to 400 feet and complete cessation of natural discharge in some areas with potential future increases in water use. Simulated managed aquifer recharge counteracts those effects. Groundwater management examples indicate that drawdown could be less, and discharge at selected springs could be greater, with optimized groundwater withdrawals and managed aquifer recharge than without optimization. Recalibration to more recent stresses and seasonal stress periods, and collection of new withdrawal, stream, land-use, and discharge data could improve the model fit to water-level changes and the accuracy of predictions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Southern Utah Valley Municipal Water Association","usgsCitation":"Brooks, L.E., 2013, Evaluation of the groundwater flow model for southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah, updated to conditions through 2011, with new projections and groundwater management simulations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1171, vi, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131171.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131171.jpg"},{"id":277322,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1171/"},{"id":277323,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1171/pdf/ofr2013-1171.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Goshen Valley, Southern Utah Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112,39.5 ], [ -112,40.6 ], [ -111.16,40.6 ], [ -111.16,39.5 ], [ -112,39.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522999dfe4b0f33a3916774c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047993,"text":"sir20135162 - 2013 - Application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T20:53:05","indexId":"sir20135162","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-05T12:56:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5162","title":"Application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin in the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"A hydrologic model of the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin (ACFB) has been developed as part of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center effort to provide integrated science that helps resource managers understand the effect of climate change on a range of ecosystem responses. The hydrologic model was developed as part of the Southeast Regional Assessment Project using the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), a deterministic, distributed-parameter, process-based system that simulates the effects of precipitation, temperature, and land use on basin hydrology.\n\nThe ACFB PRMS model simulates streamflow throughout the approximately 50,700 square-kilometer basin on a daily time step for the period 1950–99 using gridded climate forcings of air temperature and precipitation, and parameters derived from spatial data layers of altitude, land cover, soils, surficial geology, depression storage (small water bodies), and data from 56 USGS streamgages. Measured streamflow data from 35 of the 56 USGS streamgages were used to calibrate and evaluate simulated basin streamflow; the remaining gage locations were used for model delineation only. The model matched measured daily streamflow at 31 of the 35 calibration gages with Nash-Sutcliffe Model Efficiency Index (NS) greater than 0.6. Streamflow data for some calibration gages were augmented for regulation and water use effects to represent more natural flow volumes. Time-static parameters describing land cover limited the ability of the simulation to match historical runoff in the more developed subbasins.\n\nOverall, the PRMS simulation of the ACFB provides a good representation of basin hydrology on annual and monthly time steps. Calibration subbasins were analyzed by separating the 35 subbasins into five classes based on physiography, land use, and stream type (tributary or mainstem). The lowest NS values were rarely below 0.6, whereas the median NS for all five classes was within 0.74 to 0.96 for annual mean streamflow, 0.89 to 0.98 for mean monthly streamflow, and 0.82 to 0.98 for monthly mean streamflow. The median bias for all five classes was within –4.3 to 0.8 percent for annual mean streamflow, –6.3 to 0.5 percent for mean monthly streamflow, and –9.3 to 1.3 percent for monthly mean streamflow. The NS results combined with the percent bias results indicated a good to very good streamflow volume simulation for all subbasins.\n\nThis simulation of the ACFB provides a foundation for future modeling and interpretive studies. Streamflow and other components of the hydrologic cycle simulated by PRMS can be used to inform other types of simulations; water-temperature, hydrodynamic, and ecosystem-dynamics simulations are three examples. In addition, possible future hydrologic conditions could be studied using this model in combination with land cover projections and downscaled general circulation model results.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135162","usgsCitation":"LaFontaine, J.H., Hay, L.E., Viger, R., Markstrom, S.L., Regan, R., Elliott, C.M., and Jones, J., 2013, Application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin in the southeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5162, ix, 118 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135162.","productDescription":"ix, 118 p.","numberOfPages":"132","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135162.gif"},{"id":277318,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5162/pdf/sir2013-5162.pdf"},{"id":277317,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5162/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.0336,29.6993 ], [ -86.0336,34.9286 ], [ -83.115,34.9286 ], [ -83.115,29.6993 ], [ -86.0336,29.6993 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522999d0e4b0f33a39167748","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaFontaine, Jacob H. 0000-0003-4923-2630 jlafonta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4923-2630","contributorId":2258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaFontaine","given":"Jacob","email":"jlafonta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Viger, Roland J.","contributorId":97528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"Roland J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Markstrom, Steve L.","contributorId":50073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Regan, R. Steve 0000-0003-4803-8596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4803-8596","contributorId":58736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regan","given":"R. Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Elliott, Caroline M. 0000-0002-9190-7462 celliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9190-7462","contributorId":2380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Caroline","email":"celliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, John W. 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70047992,"text":"sim3232 - 2013 - Flood-inundation maps for the Wabash River at Terre Haute, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-05T13:12:04","indexId":"sim3232","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-05T12:44:46","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3232","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Wabash River at Terre Haute, Indiana","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 6.3-mi reach of the Wabash River from 0.1 mi downstream of the Interstate 70 bridge to 1.1 miles upstream of the Route 63 bridge, Terre Haute, Indiana, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to select water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage Wabash River at Terre Haute (station number 03341500). Current conditions at the USGS streamgage may be obtained on the Internet from the USGS National Water Information System (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/uv/?site_no=03341500&agency_cd=USGS&p\"). In addition, the same data are provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system (http://water.weather.gov/ahps//). Within this system, the NWS forecasts flood hydrographs for the Wabash River at Terre Haute that may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.  In this study, flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated using the most current stage-discharge relation at the Wabash River at the Terre Haute streamgage. The hydraulic model was then used to compute 22 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-ft interval referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bank-full to approximately the highest recorded water level at the streamgage. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model (derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data having a 0.37-ft vertical accuracy and a 1.02-ft horizontal accuracy) to delineate the area flooded at each water level.  The availability of these maps along with Internet information regarding the current stage from the USGS streamgage and forecasted stream stages from the NWS can provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures as well as for post flood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3232","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Lombard, P., 2013, Flood-inundation maps for the Wabash River at Terre Haute, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3232, Report: v, 7 p.; Low Resolution and High Resolution Map Sheets; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3232.","productDescription":"Report: v, 7 p.; Low Resolution and High Resolution Map Sheets; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3232.gif"},{"id":277312,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3232/"},{"id":277314,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3232/pdf/pdf-mapsheets"},{"id":277313,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3232/pdf/sim3232.pdf"},{"id":277315,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3232/Downloads"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Terre Haute","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.41,39.40 ], [ -87.41,39.53 ], [ -87.27,39.53 ], [ -87.27,39.40 ], [ -87.41,39.40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522999dfe4b0f33a39167750","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lombard, Pamela J. 0000-0002-0983-1906","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-1906","contributorId":23899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Pamela J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045199,"text":"70045199 - 2013 - Species and life-history affects the utility of otolith chemical composition to determine natal stream-of-origin in Pacific salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T12:52:57","indexId":"70045199","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-05T09:51:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species and life-history affects the utility of otolith chemical composition to determine natal stream-of-origin in Pacific salmon","docAbstract":"To test the utility of otolith chemical composition as a tool for determining the natal stream of origin for salmon, we examined water chemistry and otoliths of juvenile and adult Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta and Coho Salmon O. kisutch from three watersheds (five rivers) in the Norton Sound region of Alaska. The two species are characterized by different life histories: Coho Salmon rear in freshwater for up to 3 years, whereas Chum Salmon emigrate from freshwater shortly after emergence. We used laser ablation (LA) inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry (MS) to quantify element: Ca ratios for Mg, Mn, Zn, Sr, and Ba, and we used multicollector LA-ICP-MS to determine <sup>87</sup>Sr:<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios in otolith regions corresponding to the period of freshwater residence. Significant differences existed in both water and otolith elemental composition, suggesting that otolith composition could be used to discriminate the natal origin of Coho Salmon and Chum Salmon but only when <sup>87</sup>Sr:<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios were included in the discriminant function analyses. The best discriminant model included <sup>87</sup>Sr:<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios, and without <sup>87</sup>Sr:<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios it was difficult to discriminate among watersheds and rivers. Classification accuracy was 80% for Coho Salmon and 68% for Chum Salmon, indicating that this method does not provide sufficient sensitivity to estimate straying rates of Pacific salmon at the scale we studied.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2013.811102","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, C.E., Swanson, H., Volk, E.C., and Kent, A., 2013, Species and life-history affects the utility of otolith chemical composition to determine natal stream-of-origin in Pacific salmon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 142, no. 5, p. 1370-1380, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.811102.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1370","endPage":"1380","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-044914","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277304,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.811102"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Norton Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -167.15,62.83 ], [ -167.15,64.97 ], [ -159.81,64.97 ], [ -159.81,62.83 ], [ -167.15,62.83 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"142","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522999e1e4b0f33a39167758","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, Heidi K.","contributorId":80167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Heidi K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Volk, Eric C.","contributorId":14720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volk","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kent, Adam J. R.","contributorId":99842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Adam J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047984,"text":"ofr20131170F - 2013 - Potential Environmental and Environmental-Health Implications of the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario in California: Chapter F in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-04T16:02:54","indexId":"ofr20131170F","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-04T15:43:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"F","title":"Potential Environmental and Environmental-Health Implications of the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario in California: Chapter F in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","docAbstract":"The California Tsunami Scenario models the impacts of a hypothetical, yet plausible, tsunami caused by an earthquake offshore from the Alaska Peninsula. In this chapter, we interpret plausible tsunami-related contamination, environmental impacts, potential for human exposures to contaminants and hazardous materials, and implications for remediation and recovery. Inundation-related damages to major ports, boat yards, and many marinas could release complex debris, crude oil, various fuel types and other petroleum products, some liquid bulk cargo and dry bulk cargo, and diverse other pollutants into nearby coastal marine environments and onshore in the inundation zone. Tsunami-induced erosion of contaminated harbor bottom sediments could re-expose previously sequestered metal and organic pollutants (for example, organotin or DDT). Inundation-related damage to many older buildings could produce debris containing lead paint, asbestos, pesticides, and other legacy contaminants. Intermingled household debris and externally derived debris and sediments would be left in flooded buildings. Post tsunami, mold would likely develop in inundated houses, buildings, and debris piles. Tsunamigenic fires in spilled oil, debris, cargo, vehicles, vegetation, and residential, commercial, or industrial buildings and their contents would produce potentially toxic gases and smoke, airborne ash, and residual ash/debris containing caustic alkali solids, metal toxicants, asbestos, and various organic toxicants. Inundation of and damage to wastewater treatment plants in many coastal cities could release raw sewage containing fecal solids, pathogens, and waste chemicals, as well as chemicals used to treat wastewaters. Tsunami-related physical damages, debris, and contamination could have short- and longer-term impacts on the environment and the health of coastal marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Marine habitats in intertidal zones, marshes, sloughs, and lagoons could be damaged by erosion or sedimentation, and could receive an influx of debris, metal and organic contaminants, and sewage-related pathogens. Debris and re-exposed contaminated sediments would be a source of sea- or rain-water-leachable metal and organic contaminants that could pose chronic toxicity threats to ecosystems.\nIf human populations are successfully evacuated prior to the tsunami arrival, there would be no or limited numbers of drownings, other casualties, or related injuries, wounds, and infections. Immediately after the tsunami, human populations away from the inundation zone could be transiently exposed to airborne gases, smoke, and ash from tsunamigenic fires. Cleanup and disposal, particularly of hazardous materials, would pose substantial logistical challenges and economic costs. Given the high value of the coastal residential and commercial properties in the inundation zone, it can be postulated that there would be substantial insurance claims for environmental restoration, mold mitigation, disposal of debris that contains hazardous materials, and costs of litigation related to environmental liability. Post-tsunami cleanup, if done with appropriate mitigation (for example, dust control), personal protection, and disposal measures, would help reduce the potential for cleanup-worker and resident exposures to toxicants and pathogens in harbor waters, debris, soils, ponded waters, and buildings. A number of other steps can be taken by governments, businesses, and residents to help reduce the environmental impacts of tsunamis and to recover more quickly from these environmental impacts. For example, development of State and local policies that foster rapid assessment of potential contamination, as well as rapid decision making for disposal options should hazardous debris or sediment be identified, would help enhance recovery by speeding cleanup.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170F","collaboration":"Chapter F in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/\" target=\"_blank\">Open File Report 2013-1170</a>","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G.S., Morman, S.A., and San Juan, C., 2013, Potential Environmental and Environmental-Health Implications of the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario in California: Chapter F in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170F.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":553,"text":"Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277295,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/f/index.html"},{"id":277296,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/f/pdf/of2013-1170f.pdf"},{"id":277297,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170f.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.48,32.53 ], [ -124.48,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.48,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52284861e4b06291bed8039c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morman, Suzette A. 0000-0002-2532-1033 smorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-1033","contributorId":996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"Suzette","email":"smorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"San Juan, Carma 0000-0002-9151-1919","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9151-1919","contributorId":64144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"San Juan","given":"Carma","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047983,"text":"ofr20131170E - 2013 - The SAFRR tsunami scenario-physical damage in California: Chapter E in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T07:40:51","indexId":"ofr20131170E","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-04T15:28:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"E","title":"The SAFRR tsunami scenario-physical damage in California: Chapter E in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","docAbstract":"his chapter attempts to depict a single realistic outcome of the SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) tsunami scenario in terms of physical damage to and recovery of various aspects of the built environment in California. As described elsewhere in this report, the tsunami is generated by a hypothetical magnitude 9.1 earthquake seaward of the Alaska Peninsula on the Semidi Sector of the Alaska–Aleutian Subduction Zone, 495 miles southwest of Anchorage, at 11:50 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time (PDT) on Thursday March 27, 2014, and arriving at the California coast between 4:00 and 5:40 p.m. (depending on location) the same day. Although other tsunamis could have locally greater impact, this source represents a substantial threat to the state as a whole. One purpose of this chapter is to help operators and users of coastal assets throughout California to develop emergency plans to respond to a real tsunami. Another is to identify ways that operators or owners of these assets can think through options for reducing damage before a future tsunami. A third is to inform the economic analyses for the SAFRR tsunami scenario. And a fourth is to identify research needs to better understand the possible consequences of a tsunami on these assets. The asset classes considered here include the following: Piers, cargo, buildings, and other assets at the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach Large vessels in the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach Marinas and small craft Coastal buildings Roads and roadway bridges Rail, railway bridges, and rolling stock Agriculture Fire following tsunami Each asset class is examined in a subsection of this chapter. In each subsection, we generally attempt to offer a historical review of damage. We characterize and quantify the assets exposed to loss and describe the modes of damage that have been observed in past tsunamis or are otherwise deemed likely to occur in the SAFRR tsunami scenario. Where practical, we offer a mathematical model of the damageability of assets exposed to loss. Then, applying the damageability model and the velocity, wave amplitude, and inundation models discussed in other SAFRR chapters we offer a single realistic depiction of damage. Other outcomes are of course possible for this hypothetical event. Where practical we estimate repair costs and estimate the duration required to restore the assets to their pre-tsunami condition. We identify opportunities to enhance the resiliency of the assets, either through making them less vulnerable to damage or able to recover more quickly in spite of the damage. Finally, we identify uncertainties in the modeling where research would improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of damage and loss or otherwise improve our ability to estimate the future impacts of tsunamis and inform risk-management decisions for tsunamis. However, it is certain that the kinds of damages discussed here have occurred in past tsunamis, even in developed nations, and in a sufficiently large event, will occur in California. Our uncertainties can operate in either direction, either leading to an overestimate of damage or an underestimate. Therefore, losses in an actual future tsunami could be greater than depicted here. Furthermore this evaluation is not intended to be an exhaustive depiction of what could happen in this or similar tsunamis. Other impacts could occur that are not presented here.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170E","collaboration":"Chapter E in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/\" target=\"_blank\">Open File Report 2013-1170</a>","usgsCitation":"Porter, K., Byers, W., Dykstra, D., Lim, A., Lynett, P., Ratliff, J., Scawthorn, C., Wein, A., and Wilson, R., 2013, The SAFRR tsunami scenario-physical damage in California: Chapter E in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, xi, 168 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170E.","productDescription":"xi, 168 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":553,"text":"Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277294,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170e.gif"},{"id":277293,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/e/pdf/of2013-1170e.pdf"},{"id":277292,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/e/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.48,32.53 ], [ -124.48,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.48,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52284862e4b06291bed803b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, Keith","contributorId":28689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byers, William","contributorId":103556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byers","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dykstra, David","contributorId":12765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dykstra","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lim, Amy","contributorId":106405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lim","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lynett, Patrick","contributorId":53681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynett","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ratliff, Jaime","contributorId":35633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratliff","given":"Jaime","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scawthorn, Charles","contributorId":65755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scawthorn","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wilson, Rick","contributorId":12766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Rick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70047981,"text":"ofr20131170D - 2013 - Modeling for the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario-generation, propagation, inundation, and currents in ports and harbors: Chapter D in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-04T15:26:33","indexId":"ofr20131170D","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-04T15:06:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"D","title":"Modeling for the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario-generation, propagation, inundation, and currents in ports and harbors: Chapter D in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","docAbstract":"This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Open-File report presents a compilation of tsunami modeling studies for the Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) tsunami scenario. These modeling studies are based on an earthquake source specified by the SAFRR tsunami source working group (Kirby and others, 2013). The modeling studies in this report are organized into three groups. The first group relates to tsunami generation. The effects that source discretization and horizontal displacement have on tsunami initial conditions are examined in section 1 (Whitmore and others). In section 2 (Ryan and others), dynamic earthquake rupture models are explored in modeling tsunami generation. These models calculate slip distribution and vertical displacement of the seafloor as a result of realistic fault friction, physical properties of rocks surrounding the fault, and dynamic stresses resolved on the fault. The second group of papers relates to tsunami propagation and inundation modeling. Section 3 (Thio) presents a modeling study for the entire California coast that includes runup and inundation modeling where there is significant exposure and estimates of maximum velocity and momentum flux at the shoreline. In section 4 (Borrero and others), modeling of tsunami propagation and high-resolution inundation of critical locations in southern California is performed using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Method of Splitting Tsunami (MOST) model and NOAA’s Community Model Interface for Tsunamis (ComMIT) modeling tool. Adjustments to the inundation line owing to fine-scale structures such as levees are described in section 5 (Wilson). The third group of papers relates to modeling of hydrodynamics in ports and harbors. Section 6 (Nicolsky and Suleimani) presents results of the model used at the Alaska Earthquake Information Center for the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, as well as synthetic time series of the modeled tsunami for other selected locales in southern California. Importantly, section 6 provides a comparison of the effect of including horizontal displacements at the source described in section 1 and differences in bottom friction on wave heights and inundation in the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. Modeling described in section 7 (Lynett and Son) uses a higher order physical model to determine variations of currents during the tsunami and complex flow structures such as jets and eddies. Section 7 also uses sediment transport models to estimate scour and deposition of sediment in ports and harbors—a significant effect that was observed in southern California following the 2011 Tohoku tsunami. Together, all of the sections in this report form the basis for damage, impact, and emergency preparedness aspects of the SAFRR tsunami scenario. Three sections of this report independently calculate wave height and inundation results using the source specified by Kirby and others (2013). Refer to figure 29 in section 3, figure 52 in section 4, and figure 62 in section 6. All of these results are relative to a mean high water (MHW) vertical datum. Slight differences in the results are observed in East Basin of the Port of Los Angeles, Alamitos Bay, and the Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge. However, given that these three modeling efforts involved different implementations of the source, different numerical wave propagation and runup models, and slight differences in the digital elevation models (DEMs), the similarity among the results is remarkable.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170D","collaboration":"Chapter D in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/\" target=\"_blank\">Open File Report 2013-1170</a>.","usgsCitation":"SAFRR Tsunami Modeling Working Group, 2013, Modeling for the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario-generation, propagation, inundation, and currents in ports and harbors: Chapter D in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, x, 136 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170D.","productDescription":"x, 136 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046059","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":438782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9X1MGE7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Simulation and visualization of coastal tsunami impacts from the SAFRR tsunami source"},{"id":277291,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170d.gif"},{"id":277286,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/d/pdf/of2013-1170d.pdf"},{"id":277287,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/d/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.48,32.53 ], [ -124.48,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.48,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52284860e4b06291bed80398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"SAFRR Tsunami Modeling Working Group","contributorId":128010,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"SAFRR Tsunami Modeling Working Group","id":535584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047973,"text":"ofr20131170B - 2013 - Alaska earthquake source for the SAFRR tsunami scenario: Chapter B in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T12:46:27","indexId":"ofr20131170B","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-04T13:42:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"B","title":"Alaska earthquake source for the SAFRR tsunami scenario: Chapter B in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","docAbstract":"Tsunami modeling has shown that tsunami sources located along the Alaska Peninsula segment of the Aleutian-Alaska subduction zone have the greatest impacts on southern California shorelines by raising the highest tsunami waves for a given source seismic moment. The most probable sector for a M<sub>w</sub> ~ 9 source within this subduction segment is between Kodiak Island and the Shumagin Islands in what we call the Semidi subduction sector; these bounds represent the southwestern limit of the 1964 M<sub>w</sub> 9.2 Alaska earthquake rupture and the northeastern edge of the Shumagin sector that recent Global Positioning System (GPS) observations indicate is currently creeping. Geological and geophysical features in the Semidi sector that are thought to be relevant to the potential for large magnitude, long-rupture-runout interplate thrust earthquakes are remarkably similar to those in northeastern Japan, where the destructive M<sub>w</sub> 9.1 tsunamigenic earthquake of 11 March 2011 occurred. In this report we propose and justify the selection of a tsunami source seaward of the Alaska Peninsula for use in the Tsunami Scenario that is part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) Project. This tsunami source should have the potential to raise damaging tsunami waves on the California coast, especially at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. Accordingly, we have summarized and abstracted slip distribution from the source literature on the 2011 event, the best characterized for any subduction earthquake, and applied this synoptic slip distribution to the similar megathrust geometry of the Semidi sector. The resulting slip model has an average slip of 18.6 m and a moment magnitude of M<sub>w</sub> = 9.1. The 2011 Tohoku earthquake was not anticipated, despite Japan having the best seismic and geodetic networks in the world and the best historical record in the world over the past 1,500 years. What was lacking was adequate paleogeologic data on prehistoric earthquakes and tsunamis, a data gap that also presently applies to the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands. Quantitative appraisal of potential tsunami sources in Alaska requires such investigations.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170B","collaboration":"This report is Chapter B in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/\" target=\"_blank\">Open File Report 2013-1170</a>.","usgsCitation":"Kirby, S., Scholl, D., von Huene, R.E., and Wells, R., 2013, Alaska earthquake source for the SAFRR tsunami scenario: Chapter B in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, Report: vi, 40 p.; Table 3: Excel file; Appendix A: Excel file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170B.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 40 p.; Table 3: Excel file; Appendix A: Excel file","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277278,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170b.gif"},{"id":277276,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/b/index.html"},{"id":277277,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/b/pdf/of2013-1170b_text.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168.93,51.32 ], [ -168.93,58.33 ], [ -155.04,58.33 ], [ -155.04,51.32 ], [ -168.93,51.32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52284852e4b06291bed8038c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, Stephen","contributorId":89412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scholl, David","contributorId":81400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wells, Ray 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":71260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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