Ices have been detected and mapped on the Earth and all planets and/or their satellites further from the sun. Water ice is the most common frozen volatile observed and is also unambiguously detected or inferred in every planet and/or their moon(s) except Venus. Carbon dioxide is also extensively found in all systems beyond the Earth except Pluto although it sometimes appears to be trapped rather than as an ice on some objects. The largest deposits of carbon dioxide ice is on Mars. Sulfur dioxide ice is found in the Jupiter system. Nitrogen and methane ices are common beyond the Uranian system. Saturn’s moon Titan probably has the most complex active chemistry involving ices, with benzene (C6H6) and many tentative or inferred compounds including ices of Cyanoacetylene (HC3N), Toluene (C7H8), Cyanogen (C2N2), Acetonitrile (CH3CN), H2O, CO2, and NH3. Confirming compounds on Titan is hampered by its thick smoggy atmosphere. Ammonia was predicted on many icy moons but is notably absent among the definitively detected ices with the possible exception of Enceladus. Comets, storehouses of many compounds that could exist as ices in their nuclei, have only had small amounts of water ice definitively detected on their surfaces. Only one asteroid has had a direct detection of surface water ice, although its presence can be inferred in others. This chapter reviews some of the properties of ices that lead to their detection, and surveys the ices that have been observed on solid surfaces throughout the Solar System.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-3076-6_1","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.N., Grundy, W., Carlson, R.R., and Noll, K., 2013, Observed ices in the Solar System, p. 3-46, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3076-6_1.","productDescription":"44 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"46","ipdsId":"IP-021107","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c4e4b0d1f9f05067d0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gudipati, Murthy","contributorId":156337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gudipati","given":"Murthy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18876,"text":"California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":702743,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castillo-Rogez, Julie C.","contributorId":172691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castillo-Rogez","given":"Julie C.","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":702744,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grundy, Will","contributorId":156333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grundy","given":"Will","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlson, Robert R.","contributorId":71944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Noll, Keith","contributorId":193877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noll","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70192485,"text":"70192485 - 2013 - Unique challenges facing Southwestern tribes: Chapter 17","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-15T13:06:25","indexId":"70192485","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"17","title":"Unique challenges facing Southwestern tribes: Chapter 17","docAbstract":"Executive Summary\nWhen considering climate change, risks to Native American lands, people, and cultures are noteworthy. Impacts on Native lands and communities are anticipated to be both early and severe due to their location in marginal environments. Because Native American societies are socially, culturally, and politically unique, conventional climate change adaptation planning and related policies could result in unintended consequences or conflicts with Native American governments, or could prove to be inadequate if tribal consultation is not considered. Therefore, it is important to understand the distinct historical, legal, and economic contexts of the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of Southwestern Native American communities. The key messages presented in this chapter are:\n•\tVulnerability of Southwestern tribes is higher than that for most groups because it is closely linked to endangered cultural practices, history, water rights, and socio-economic and political marginalization, characteristics that most Indigenous people share. (high confidence)\n•\tVery little data are available that quantify the changes that are occurring or that establish baseline conditions for many tribal communities. Additional data are crucial for understanding impacts on tribal lands for resource monitoring and scientific studies. (high confidence)\n•\tThe scant data available indicate that at least some tribes may already be experiencing climate change impacts. (medium confidence)\n•\tTribes are taking action to address climate change by instituting climate-change mitigation initiatives, including utility-scale, alternative-energy projects, and energy-conservation projects. Tribes are also evaluating their existing capacity to engage in effective adaptation planning, even though financial and social capital is limited.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Assessment of climate change in the southwest United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Island Press","isbn":"9781610914840","usgsCitation":"Hiza, M., Chief, K., Bemis, K., Gautam, M., Middleton, B.R., and Tsosie, R., 2013, Unique challenges facing Southwestern tribes: Chapter 17, chap. 17 of Assessment of climate change in the southwest United States, p. 385-400.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"400","ipdsId":"IP-040639","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347431,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://islandpress.org/book/assessment-of-climate-change-in-the-southwest-united-states"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610313e4b06e28e9c254d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hiza, Margaret 0000-0003-2851-2502 mhiza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2851-2502","contributorId":198449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiza","given":"Margaret","email":"mhiza@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chief, Karletta","contributorId":147055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chief","given":"Karletta","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bemis, Kirk","contributorId":198454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bemis","given":"Kirk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Gautam, Mahesh","contributorId":198455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gautam","given":"Mahesh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Middleton, Beth Rose 0000-0002-1220-2326","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":198452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"Rose","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Tsosie, Rebecca","contributorId":198456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsosie","given":"Rebecca","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70187702,"text":"70187702 - 2013 - Projecting the land cover change and its environmental impacts in the Cedar River Basin in the Midwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:13:52","indexId":"70187702","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projecting the land cover change and its environmental impacts in the Cedar River Basin in the Midwestern United States","docAbstract":"The physical surface of the Earth is in constant change due to climate forcing and human activities. In the Midwestern United States, urban area, farmland, and dedicated energy crop (e.g., switchgrass) cultivation are predicted to expand in the coming decades, which will lead to changes in hydrological processes. This study is designed to (1) project the land use and land cover (LULC) by mid-century using the FORecasting SCEnarios of future land-use (FORE-SCE) model under the A1B greenhouse gas emission scenario (future condition) and (2) assess its potential impacts on the water cycle and water quality against the 2001 baseline condition in the Cedar River Basin using the physically based soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). We compared the baseline LULC (National Land Cover data 2001) and 2050 projection, indicating substantial expansions of urban area and pastureland (including the cultivation of bioenergy crops) and a decrease in rangeland. We then used the above two LULC maps as the input data to drive the SWAT model, keeping other input data (e.g., climate) unchanged to isolate the LULC change impacts. The modeling results indicate that quick-response surface runoff would increase significantly (about 10.5%) due to the projected urban expansion (i.e., increase in impervious areas), and the baseflow would decrease substantially (about 7.3%) because of the reduced infiltration. Although the net effect may cause an increase in water yield, the increased variability may impede its use for public supply. Additionally, the cultivation of bioenergy crops such as switchgrass in the newly added pasture lands may further reduce the soil water content and lead to an increase in nitrogen loading (about 2.5% increase) due to intensified fertilizer application. These study results will be informative to decision makers for sustainable water resource management when facing LULC change and an increasing demand for biofuel production in this area.
","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Science","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024025","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., Liu, S., Sohl, T.L., and Young, C., 2013, Projecting the land cover change and its environmental impacts in the Cedar River Basin in the Midwestern United States: Environmental Research Letters, v. 8, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024025.","productDescription":"Article 024025; 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-045247","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591abe3ae4b0a7fdb43c8c05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Yiping ywu@usgs.gov","contributorId":987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Yiping","email":"ywu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231 sohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"sohl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, Claudia 0000-0002-0859-7206 claudia.young.ctr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0859-7206","contributorId":192026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Claudia","email":"claudia.young.ctr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189931,"text":"70189931 - 2013 - Glacier variability in the conterminous United States during the twentieth century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T08:39:12","indexId":"70189931","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1246,"text":"Climate Change","onlineIssn":"1573-1480","printIssn":"0165-0009","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacier variability in the conterminous United States during the twentieth century","docAbstract":"Glaciers of the conterminous United States have been receding for the past century. Since 1900 the recession has varied from a 24 % loss in area (Mt. Rainier, Washington) to a 66 % loss in the Lewis Range of Montana. The rates of retreat are generally similar with a rapid loss in the early decades of the 20th century, slowing in the 1950s–1970s, and a resumption of rapid retreat starting in the 1990s. Decadal estimates of changes in glacier area for a subset of 31 glaciers from 1900 to 2000 are used to test a snow water equivalent model that is subsequently employed to examine the effects of temperature and precipitation variability on annual glacier area changes for these glaciers. Model results indicate that both winter precipitation and winter temperature have been important climatic factors affecting the variability of glacier variability during the 20th Century. Most of the glaciers analyzed appear to be more sensitive to temperature variability than to precipitation variability. However, precipitation variability is important, especially for high elevation glaciers. Additionally, glaciers with areas greater than 1 km2 are highly sensitive to variability in temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-012-0502-9","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Fountain, A.G., 2013, Glacier variability in the conterminous United States during the twentieth century: Climate Change, v. 116, no. 3-4, p. 565-577, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0502-9.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"565","endPage":"577","ipdsId":"IP-031818","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"116","issue":"3-4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599e944ce4b04935557fe9ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":167116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fountain, Andrew G.","contributorId":10410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fountain","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6929,"text":"Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70156278,"text":"70156278 - 2013 - A river runs through it: conceptual models in fluvial geomorphology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-18T15:20:08","indexId":"70156278","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"A river runs through it: conceptual models in fluvial geomorphology","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00227-X","usgsCitation":"Grant, G., O'Connor, J., and Wolman, M.G., 2013, A river runs through it: conceptual models in fluvial geomorphology, v. 9, p. 6-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00227-X.","startPage":"6","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306889,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d4572ae4b0518e3546949a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shroder, John F.","contributorId":113549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroder","given":"John F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568486,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Grant, Gordon E.","contributorId":30881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"Gordon E.","affiliations":[{"id":12647,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Connor, James E. oconnor@usgs.gov","contributorId":138997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"James E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolman, M. Gordon","contributorId":85163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gordon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192541,"text":"70192541 - 2013 - Channel unit use by Smallmouth Bass: Do land-use constraints or quantity of habitat matter?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-28T12:43:25","indexId":"70192541","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel unit use by Smallmouth Bass: Do land-use constraints or quantity of habitat matter?","docAbstract":"I examined how land use influenced the distribution of Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu in channel units (discrete morphological features—e.g., pools) of streams in the Midwestern USA. Stream segments (n = 36), from four clusters of different soil and runoff conditions, were identified that had the highest percent of forest (n = 12), pasture (n = 12), and urban land use (n = 12) within each cluster. Channel units within each stream were delineated and independently sampled once using multiple gears in summer 2006. Data were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model procedure with a binomial distribution and odds ratio statistics. Land use and channel unit were strong predictors of age-0, age-1, and age->1 Smallmouth Bass presence. Each age-class was more likely to be present in streams within watersheds dominated by forest land use than in those with pasture or urban land uses. The interaction between land use and channel unit was not significant in any of the models, indicating channel unit use by Smallmouth Bass did not depend on watershed land use. Each of the three age-classes was more likely to use pools than other channel units. However, streams with high densities of Smallmouth Bass age >1 had lower proportions of pools suggesting a variety of channel units is important even though habitat needs exist at the channel-unit scale. Management may benefit from future research addressing the significance of channel-unit quality as a possible mechanism for how land use impacts Smallmouth Bass populations. Further, management efforts aimed at improving stream habitat would likely be more beneficial if focused at the stream segment or landscape scale, where a variety of quality habitats might be supported.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2013.763878","usgsCitation":"Brewer, S.K., 2013, Channel unit use by Smallmouth Bass: Do land-use constraints or quantity of habitat matter?: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 33, no. 2, p. 351-358, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2013.763878.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"358","ipdsId":"IP-031249","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"MIssouri","volume":"33","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610313e4b06e28e9c254c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brewer, Shannon K. 0000-0002-1537-3921 skbrewer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3921","contributorId":2252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Shannon","email":"skbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70042126,"text":"70042126 - 2013 - Fate of geothermal mercury from Yellowstone National Park in the Madison and Missouri Rivers, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T18:34:37.703497","indexId":"70042126","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate of geothermal mercury from Yellowstone National Park in the Madison and Missouri Rivers, USA","docAbstract":"Mercury is a worldwide contaminant derived from natural and anthropogenic sources. River systems play a key role in the transport and fate of Hg because they drain widespread areas affected by aerial Hg deposition, transport Hg away from point sources, and are sites of Hg biogeochemical cycling and bioaccumulation. The Madison and Missouri Rivers provide a natural laboratory for studying the fate and transport of Hg contributed by geothermal discharge in Yellowstone National Park and from the atmosphere for a large drainage basin in Montana and Wyoming, United States of America (USA). Assessing Hg in these rivers also is important because they support fishery-based recreation and irrigated agriculture. During 2002 to 2006, Hg concentrations were measured in water, sediment, and fish from the main stem, 7 tributaries, and 6 lakes. Using these data, the geothermal Hg load to the Madison River and overall fate of Hg along 378 km of the Missouri River system were assessed. Geothermal Hg was the primary source of elevated total Hg concentrations in unfiltered water (6.2–31.2 ng/L), sediment (148–1100 ng/g), and brown and rainbow trout (0.12– 1.23 µg total Hg/g wet weight skinless filet) upstream from Hebgen Lake (the uppermost impoundment). Approximately 7.0 kg/y of geothermal Hg was discharged from the park via the Madison River, and an estimated 87% of that load was lost to sedimentation in and volatilization from Hebgen Lake. Consequently, Hg concentrations in water, sediment, and fish from main-stem sites downstream from Hebgen Lake were not elevated and were comparable to concentrations reported for other areas affected solely by atmospheric Hg deposition. Some Hg was sequestered in sediment in the downstream lakes. Bioaccumulation of Hg in fish along the river system was strongly correlated (r2=0.76–0.86) with unfiltered total and methyl Hg concentrations in water and total Hg in sediment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.080","usgsCitation":"Nimick, D.A., Caldwell, R.R., Skaar, D.R., and Selch, T.M., 2013, Fate of geothermal mercury from Yellowstone National Park in the Madison and Missouri Rivers, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 443, p. 40-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.080.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"54","ipdsId":"IP-034322","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264961,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112,44.75 ], [ -112,46.5 ], [ -111.2,46.5 ], [ -111.2,44.75 ], [ -112,44.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"443","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cffae4b0a4aa5bb0aeec","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.080","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.080","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Nimick David A., Caldwell Rodney R., Skaar Donald R., Selch Trevor M.","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"1/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Rodney R. 0000-0002-2588-715X caldwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-715X","contributorId":2577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Rodney","email":"caldwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skaar, Donald R.","contributorId":45200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skaar","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Selch, Trevor M.","contributorId":42854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selch","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042262,"text":"70042262 - 2013 - Contaminants in stream sediments from seven United States metropolitan areas: part II—sediment toxicity to the amphipod Hyalella azteca and the midge Chironomus dilutus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-31T10:52:36","indexId":"70042262","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminants in stream sediments from seven United States metropolitan areas: part II—sediment toxicity to the amphipod Hyalella azteca and the midge Chironomus dilutus","docAbstract":"Relationships between sediment toxicity and sediment chemistry were evaluated for 98 samples collected from seven metropolitan study areas across the United States. Sediment-toxicity tests were conducted with the \namphipod Hyalella azteca (28 day exposures) and with the midge Chironomus dilutus (10 day exposures). Overall, 33 % of the samples were toxic to amphipods and 12 % of the samples were toxic to midge based on comparisons with reference conditions within each study area. Significant \ncorrelations were observed between toxicity end points and sediment concentrations of trace elements, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), or organochlorine (OC) pesticides; however, these correlations were typically weak, and contaminant concentrations were usually below sediment-toxicity thresholds. Concentrations of the pyrethroid bifenthrin exceeded an estimated threshold of 0.49 ng/g (at 1 % total organic carbon) in 14 % of the samples. Of the samples that exceeded this bifenthrin toxicity threshold, 79 % were toxic \nto amphipods compared with 25 % toxicity for the samples below this threshold. Application of mean probable effect concentration quotients (PECQs) based on measures of groups of contaminants (trace elements, total PAHs, total PCBs,OCpesticides, and pyrethroid pesticides [bifenthrin in \nparticular]) improved the correct classification of samples as toxic or not toxic to amphipods compared with measures of individual groups of contaminants. Sediments are a repository for many contaminants released \ninto surface waters. Because of this, organisms inhabiting sediments may be exposed to a wide range of contaminants (United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) United States Environmental Protection Agency 2000; American Society for Testing and Materials [ASTM] American Society for Testing and Materials International 2012). Contaminants of potential concern in sediments typically include trace elements (metals), organochlorine (OC) pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and \npolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; Ingersoll et al. 2001). In 2000, the USEPA began to restrict the use of organophosphate pesticides, such as diazinon and chlorpyrifos (Spurlock and Lee 2008). These restrictions have \nled to increased use of pyrethroid pesticides, which have widespread applications in both agricultural and urban environments (Kuivila et al. 2012).\nPyrethroids are hydrophobic compounds that have been observed to accumulate in sediments (Laskowski 2002). Toxicity of pyrethroids in field-collected sediment from small urban streams (Weston et al. 2005; Holmes et al. 2008; Ding et al. 2010; Domagalski et al. 2010) or with pyrethroids spiked into sediment (Amweg et al. 2006; Hintzen et al. 2009) have been evaluated primarily in 10 day lethality tests conducted with the amphipod Hyalella azteca. However, the sublethal effects in long-term exposures to pyrethroids in sediment have not been evaluated, and the distribution of pyrethroids sediments has not typically been evaluated in wadeable streams (Gilliom et al. 2006). This article is the second in a series that describe the results of a study of the distribution and toxicity of pyrethroids and other co-occurring trace elements and organic contaminants (PCBs, PAHs, OC pesticides) in stream sediments from 7 metropolitan areas across the United States (Moran et al. 2012). The study evaluated 98 sediment samples collected from streams ranging from undeveloped to highly urban and differs from previous studies by sampling larger wadeable streams and avoiding point sources (such as storm drains) and other inflows (Gilliom et al. 2006). Part 1 of the series characterizes sediment contaminants in relation to urbanization and other factors in the 7 metropolitan study areas (Nowell et al. 2012). Part 2 (this article) evaluates relationships between sediment chemistry and sediment toxicity in 28 day whole-sediment exposures conducted with the amphipod H. azteca and in 10 day whole-sediment exposure conducted with the midge Chironomus dilutus (USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency 2000; ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials International 2012). Toxicity end points evaluated in the amphipod and midge exposures included the effects of these field-collected sediments on survival, weight, or biomass of the test organisms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00244-012-9815-y","usgsCitation":"Kemble, N.E., Hardesty, D., Ingersoll, C.G., Kunz, J.L., Sibley, P.K., Calhoun, D.L., Gilliom, R.J., Kuivila, K., Nowell, L.H., and Moran, P.W., 2013, Contaminants in stream sediments from seven United States metropolitan areas: part II—sediment toxicity to the amphipod Hyalella azteca and the midge Chironomus dilutus: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 64, no. 1, p. 52-64, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-012-9815-y.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"64","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-025893","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264946,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264945,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-012-9815-y"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia;Massachusetts;Texas;Colorado;Wisconsin;Utah;Washington","city":"Atlanta;Boston;Dallas;Fort Worth;Denver;Milwaukee;Green Bay;Salt Lake City;Seattle;Tacoma","volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfede4b0a4aa5bb0aeb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kemble, Nile E. 0000-0002-3608-0538 nkemble@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3608-0538","contributorId":2626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"Nile","email":"nkemble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardesty, Douglas K. dhardesty@usgs.gov","contributorId":3281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardesty","given":"Douglas K.","email":"dhardesty@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunz, James L. 0000-0002-1027-158X jkunz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1027-158X","contributorId":3309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"James","email":"jkunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sibley, Paul K.","contributorId":25431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibley","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Calhoun, Daniel L. 0000-0003-2371-6936 dcalhoun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-6936","contributorId":1455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calhoun","given":"Daniel","email":"dcalhoun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nowell, Lisa H. 0000-0001-5417-7264 lhnowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-7264","contributorId":490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowell","given":"Lisa","email":"lhnowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Moran, Patrick W. 0000-0002-2002-3539 pwmoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-3539","contributorId":489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Patrick","email":"pwmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70041928,"text":"70041928 - 2013 - Toxicity of sediments potentially contaminated by coal mining and natural gas extraction to unionid mussels and commonly tested benthic invertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-18T12:38:56","indexId":"70041928","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of sediments potentially contaminated by coal mining and natural gas extraction to unionid mussels and commonly tested benthic invertebrates","docAbstract":"Sediment toxicity tests were conducted to assess potential effects of contaminants associated with coal mining or natural gas extraction activities in the upper Tennessee River basin and eastern Cumberland River basin in the United States. Test species included two unionid mussels (rainbow mussel, Villosa iris, and wavy-rayed lampmussel, Lampsilis fasciola, 28-d exposures), and the commonly tested amphipod, Hyalella azteca (28-d exposure) and midge, Chironomus dilutus (10-d exposure). Sediments were collected from seven test sites with mussel communities classified as impacted and in proximity to coal mining or gas extraction activities, and from five reference sites with mussel communities classified as not impacted and no or limited coal mining or gas extraction activities. Additional samples were collected from six test sites potentially with high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and from a test site contaminated by a coal ash spill. Mean survival, length, or biomass of one or more test species was reduced in 10 of 14 test samples (71%) from impacted areas relative to the response of organisms in the five reference samples. A higher proportion of samples was classified as toxic to mussels (63% for rainbow mussels, 50% for wavy-rayed lampmussels) compared with amphipods (38%) or midge (38%). Concentrations of total recoverable metals and total PAHs in sediments did not exceed effects-based probable effect concentrations (PECs). However, the survival, length, or biomasses of the mussels were reduced significantly with increasing PEC quotients for metals and for total PAHs, or with increasing sum equilibrium-partitioning sediment benchmark toxic units for PAHs. The growth of the rainbow mussel also significantly decreased with increasing concentrations of a major anion (chloride) and major cations (calcium and magnesium) in sediment pore water. Results of the present study indicated that (1) the findings from laboratory tests were generally consistent with the field observations of impacts on mussel populations; (2) total recoverable metals, PAHs, or major ions, or all three in sediments might have contributed to the sediment toxicity; (3) the mussels were more sensitive to the contaminants in sediments than the commonly tested amphipod and midge; and (4) a sediment toxicity benchmark of 1.0 based on PECs may not be protective of mussels.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/etc.2032","usgsCitation":"Wang, N., Ingersoll, C.G., Kunz, J.L., Brumbaugh, W.G., Kane, C.M., Evans, R.B., Alexander, S., Walker, C., and Bakaletz, S., 2013, Toxicity of sediments potentially contaminated by coal mining and natural gas extraction to unionid mussels and commonly tested benthic invertebrates: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 32, no. 1, p. 207-221, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2032.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"221","ipdsId":"IP-038575","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264803,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,24.52 ], [ -124.41,49.0 ], [ -66.9,49.0 ], [ -66.9,24.52 ], [ -124.41,24.52 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e553d0e4b0a4aa5bb021d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Ning 0000-0002-2846-3352 nwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-3352","contributorId":2818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Ning","email":"nwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kunz, James L. 0000-0002-1027-158X jkunz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1027-158X","contributorId":3309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"James","email":"jkunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kane, Cindy M.","contributorId":9549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Cindy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Evans, R. Brian","contributorId":54088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Alexander, Steven","contributorId":80567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Walker, Craig","contributorId":32802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Craig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bakaletz, Steve","contributorId":84645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakaletz","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70041966,"text":"70041966 - 2013 - Assessing the relative bioavailability of DOC in regional groundwater systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T16:27:19","indexId":"70041966","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the relative bioavailability of DOC in regional groundwater systems","docAbstract":"It has been hypothesized that the degree to which a hyperbolic relationship exists between concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in groundwater may indicate the relative bioavailability of DOC. This hypothesis was examined for 73 different regional aquifers of the United States using 7745 analyses of groundwater compiled by the National Water Assessment (NAWQA) program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The relative reaction quotient (RRQ), a measure of the curvature of DOC concentrations plotted versus DO concentrations and regressed to a decaying hyperbolic equation, was used to assess the relative bioavailability of DOC. For the basalt aquifer of Oahu, Hawaii, RRQ values were low (0.0013 mM−2), reflecting a nearly random relationship between DOC and DO concentrations. In contrast, on the island of Maui, treated sewage effluent injected into a portion of the basalt aquifer resulted in pronounced hyperbolic DOC-DO behavior and a higher RRQ (142 mM−2). RRQ values for the 73 aquifers correlated positively with mean concentrations of ammonia, dissolved iron, and manganese, and correlated negatively with mean pH. This indicates that greater RRQ values are associated with greater concentrations of the final products of microbial reduction reactions. RRQ values and DOC concentrations were negatively correlated with the thickness of the unsaturated zone (UNST) and depth to the top of the screened interval. Finally, RRQ values were positively correlated with mean annual precipitation (MAP), and the highest observed RRQ values were associated with aquifers receiving MAP rates ranging between 900 and 1300 mm/year. These results are uniformly consistent with the hypothesis that the hyperbolic behavior of DOC-DO plots, as quantified by the RRQ metric, can be an indicator of relative DOC bioavailability in groundwater systems.
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(Poaceae) at its high-elevation range margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-07T16:25:58","indexId":"70041576","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global change effects on Bromus tectorum L. (Poaceae) at its high-elevation range margin","docAbstract":"Global change is likely to affect invasive species distribution, especially at range margins. In the eastern Sierra Nevada, California, USA, the invasive annual grass, Bromus tectorum, is patchily distributed and its impacts have been minimal compared with other areas of the Intermountain West. We used a series of in situ field manipulations to determine how B. tectorum might respond to changing climatic conditions and increased nitrogen deposition at the high-elevation edge of its invaded range. Over 3 years, we used snow fences to simulate changes in snowpack, irrigation to simulate increased frequency and magnitude of springtime precipitation, and added nitrogen (N) at three levels (0, 5, and 10 g m-2) to natural patches of B. tectorum growing under the two dominant shrubs, Artemisia tridentata and Purshia tridentata, and in intershrub spaces (INTR). We found that B. tectorum seedling density in April was lower following deeper snowpack possibly due to delayed emergence, yet there was no change in spikelet production or biomass accumulation at the time of harvest. Additional spring rain events increased B. tectorum biomass and spikelet production in INTR plots only. Plants were primarily limited by water in 2009, but colimited by N and water in 2011, possibly due to differences in antecedent moisture conditions at the time of treatments. The threshold at which N had an effect varied with magnitude of water additions. Frequency of rain events was more influential than magnitude in driving B. tectorum growth and fecundity responses. Our results suggest that predicted shifts from snow to rain could facilitate expansion of B. tectorum at high elevation depending on timing of rain events and level of N deposition. We found evidence for P-limitation at this site and an increase in P-availability with N additions, suggesting that stoichiometric relationships may also influence B. tectorum spread.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12032","usgsCitation":"Concilio, A.L., Loik, M., and Belnap, J., 2013, Global change effects on Bromus tectorum L. (Poaceae) at its high-elevation range margin: Global Change Biology, v. 19, no. 1, p. 161-172, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12032.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"172","ipdsId":"IP-036997","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263865,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263864,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12032"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c31028e4b0b57f2415d196","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Concilio, Amy L.","contributorId":28871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Concilio","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loik, Michael E.","contributorId":101162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loik","given":"Michael E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70041492,"text":"70041492 - 2013 - Warming and the dependence of limber pine (Pinus flexilis) establishment on summer soil moisture within and above its current elevation range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T20:57:43","indexId":"70041492","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Warming and the dependence of limber pine (Pinus flexilis) establishment on summer soil moisture within and above its current elevation range","docAbstract":"Continued changes in climate are projected to alter the geographic distributions of plant species, in part by affecting where individuals can establish from seed. We tested the hypothesis that warming promotes uphill redistribution of subalpine tree populations by reducing cold limitation at high elevation and enhancing drought stress at low elevation. We seeded limber pine (Pinus flexilis) into plots with combinations of infrared heating and water addition treatments, at sites positioned in lower subalpine forest, the treeline ecotone, and alpine tundra. In 2010, first-year seedlings were assessed for physiological performance and survival over the snow-free growing season. Seedlings emerged in midsummer, about 5–8 weeks after snowmelt. Low temperature was not observed to limit seedling photosynthesis or respiration between emergence and October, and thus experimental warming did not appear to reduce cold limitation at high elevation. Instead, gas exchange and water potential from all sites indicated a prevailing effect of summer moisture stress on photosynthesis and carbon balance. Infrared heaters raised soil growing degree days (base 5 °C, p < 0.001) and August–September mean soil temperature (p < 0.001). Despite marked differences in vegetation cover and meteorological conditions across sites, volumetric soil moisture content (θ) at 5–10 cm below 0.16 and 0.08 m3 m-3 consistently corresponded with moderate and severe indications of drought stress in midday stem water potential, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and respiration. Seedling survival was greater in watered plots than in heated plots (p = 0.01), and negatively related to soil growing degree days and duration of exposure to θ < 0.08 m3 m-3 in a stepwise linear regression model (p < 0.0001). We concluded that seasonal moisture stress and high soil surface temperature imposed a strong limitation to limber pine seedling establishment across a broad elevation gradient, including at treeline, and that these limitations are likely to be enhanced by further climate warming.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00442-012-2410-0","usgsCitation":"Moyes, A.B., Castanha, C., Germino, M., and Kueppers, L.M., 2013, Warming and the dependence of limber pine (Pinus flexilis) establishment on summer soil moisture within and above its current elevation range: Oecologia, v. 171, no. 1, p. 271-282, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2410-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"282","ipdsId":"IP-037110","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263780,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263779,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2410-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Niwot Ridge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.1952,39.8473 ], [ -106.1952,40.9977 ], [ -105.1904,40.9977 ], [ -105.1904,39.8473 ], [ -106.1952,39.8473 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"171","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c31043e4b0b57f2415d1aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moyes, Andrew B.","contributorId":66981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyes","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":16805,"text":"University of California, Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castanha, Cristina","contributorId":104787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castanha","given":"Cristina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J.","contributorId":50029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kueppers, Lara M.","contributorId":89778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kueppers","given":"Lara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":16805,"text":"University of California, Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70162404,"text":"70162404 - 2013 - Phosphorus losses from agricultural watersheds in the Mississippi Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T15:14:54","indexId":"70162404","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-06T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phosphorus losses from agricultural watersheds in the Mississippi Delta","docAbstract":"Phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural fields is of environmental concern because of its potential impact on water quality in streams and lakes. The Mississippi Delta has long been known for its fish productivity and recreational value, but high levels of P in fresh water can lead to algal blooms that have many detrimental effects on natural ecosystems. Algal blooms interfere with recreational and aesthetic water use. However, few studies have evaluated P losses from agricultural watersheds in the Mississippi Delta. To better understand the processes influencing P loss, rainfall, surface runoff, sediment, ortho-P (orthophosphate, PO4–P), and total P (TP) were measured (water years 1996–2000) for two subwatersheds (UL1 and UL2) of the Deep Hollow Lake Watershed and one subwatershed of the Beasley Lake Watershed (BL3) primarily in cotton production in the Mississippi Delta. Ortho-P concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 1.0 mg/L with a mean of 0.17 mg/L at UL1 (17.0 ha), 0.36 mg/L at UL2 (11.2 ha) and 0.12 mg/L at BL3 (7.2 ha). The TP concentrations ranged from 0.14 to 7.9 mg/L with a mean of 0.96 mg/L at UL1, 1.1 mg/L at UL2 and 1.29 mg/L at BL3. Among the three sites, UL1 and UL2 received P application in October 1998, and BL3 received P applications in the spring of 1998 and 1999. At UL1, ortho-P concentrations were 0.36, 0.25 and 0.16 for the first, second and third rainfall events after P application, respectively; At UL2, ortho-P concentrations were 1.0, 0.66 and 0.65 for the first, second and third rainfall events after P application, respectively; and at BL3, ortho-P concentrations were 0.11, 0.22 and 0.09 for the first, second and third rainfall events after P application, respectively. P fertilizer application did influence P losses, but high P concentrations observed in surface runoff were not always a direct result of P fertilizer application or high rainfall. Application of P in the fall (UL1 and UL2) resulted in more ortho-P losses, likely because high rainfall often occurred in the winter months soon after application. The mean ortho-P concentrations were higher at UL1 and UL2 than those at BL3, although BL3 received more P application during the monitoring period, because P was applied in spring at BL3. However, tillage associated with planting and incorporating applied P in the spring (BL3) may have resulted in more TP loss in sediment, thus the mean TP concentration was the highest at BL3. Ortho-P loss was correlated with surface runoff; and TP loss was correlated with sediment loss. These results indicate that applying P fertilizer in the spring may be recommended to reduce potential ortho-P loss during the fallow winter season; in addition, conservation practices may reduce potential TP loss associated with soil loss.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford, UK","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.10.028","usgsCitation":"Yuan, Y., Locke, M.A., Bingner, R.L., and Rebich, R.A., 2013, Phosphorus losses from agricultural watersheds in the Mississippi Delta: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 115, p. 14-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.10.028.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042679","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314695,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","county":"Leflore County, Sunflower County","otherGeospatial":"Beasley Lake watershed, Deep Hollow Lake watershed, Mississippi Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.76492309570312,\n 33.27084277265288\n ],\n [\n -90.76492309570312,\n 33.47956309444182\n ],\n [\n -90.09201049804688,\n 33.47956309444182\n ],\n [\n -90.09201049804688,\n 33.27084277265288\n ],\n [\n -90.76492309570312,\n 33.27084277265288\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a360c0e4b0b28f1183bc12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yuan, Yongping","contributorId":75799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuan","given":"Yongping","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locke, Martin A.","contributorId":152468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Locke","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bingner, Ronald L.","contributorId":152469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bingner","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rebich, Richard A. 0000-0003-4256-7171 rarebich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4256-7171","contributorId":2315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebich","given":"Richard","email":"rarebich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":589416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70041314,"text":"70041314 - 2013 - Effects of road decommissioning on carbon stocks, losses, and emissions in north coastal California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:39:47","indexId":"70041314","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of road decommissioning on carbon stocks, losses, and emissions in north coastal California","docAbstract":"During the last 3 decades, many road removal projects have been implemented on public and private lands in the United States to reduce erosion and other impacts from abandoned or unmaintained forest roads. Although effective in decreasing sediment production from roads, such activities have a carbon (C) cost as well as representing a carbon savings for an ecosystem. We assessed the carbon budget implications of 30 years of road decommissioning in Redwood National Park in north coastal California. Road restoration techniques, which evolved during the program, were associated with various carbon costs and savings. Treatment of 425 km of logging roads from 1979 to 2009 saved 72,000 megagrams (Mg) C through on-site soil erosion prevention, revegetation, and soil development on formerly compacted roads. Carbon sequestration will increase in time as forests and soils develop more fully on the restored sites. The carbon cost for this road decommissioning work, based on heavy equipment and vehicle fuel emissions, short-term soil loss, and clearing of vegetation, was 23,000 Mg C, resulting in a net carbon savings of 49,000 Mg C to date. Nevertheless, the degree to which soil loss is a carbon sink or source in steep mountainous watersheds needs to be further examined. The ratio of carbon costs to savings will differ by ecosystem and road removal methodology, but the procedure outlined here to assess carbon budgets on restoration sites should be transferable to other systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00911.x","usgsCitation":"Madej, M.A., Seney, J., and van Mantgem, P., 2013, Effects of road decommissioning on carbon stocks, losses, and emissions in north coastal California: Restoration Ecology, v. 21, no. 4, p. 439-446, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00911.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"446","ipdsId":"IP-036690","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263637,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263636,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00911.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bdc9f9e4b0f63017347673","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seney, Joseph","contributorId":53265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seney","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Mantgem, Philip","contributorId":17506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Philip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70041053,"text":"70041053 - 2013 - Thermokarst lakes, drainage, and drained basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T16:48:36","indexId":"70041053","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Thermokarst lakes, drainage, and drained basins","docAbstract":"Thermokarst lakes and drained lake basins are widespread in Arctic and sub-Arctic permafrost lowlands with ice-rich sediments. Thermokarst lake formation is a dominant mode of permafrost degradation and is linked to surface disturbance, subsequent melting of ground ice, surface subsidence, water impoundment, and positive feedbacks between lake growth and permafrost thaw, whereas lake drainage generally results in local permafrost aggradation. Thermokarst lakes characteristically have unique limnological, morphological, and biogeochemical characteristics that are closely tied to cold-climate conditions and permafrost properties. Thermokarst lakes also have a tendency toward complete or partial drainage through permafrost degradation and erosion. Thermokarst lake dynamics strongly affect the development of landscape geomorphology, hydrology, and the habitat characteristic of permafrost lowlands.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Treatise on Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00216-5","isbn":"978-0-12-374739-6","usgsCitation":"Grosse, G., Jones, B.M., and Arp, C.D., 2013, Thermokarst lakes, drainage, and drained basins, chap. of Treatise on Geomorphology, v. 8, p. 325-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00216-5.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"29","ipdsId":"IP-035844","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281018,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00216-5"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,22.7 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,22.7 ], [ -180.0,22.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd78e5e4b0b2908510c74c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shroder, John F.","contributorId":113549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroder","given":"John F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509105,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":101475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","affiliations":[{"id":34291,"text":"University of Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arp, Christopher D.","contributorId":17330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arp","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042684,"text":"70042684 - 2013 - Cancer risk from incidental ingestion exposures to PAHs associated with coal-tar-sealed pavement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T16:45:11.0082","indexId":"70042684","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cancer risk from incidental ingestion exposures to PAHs associated with coal-tar-sealed pavement","docAbstract":"Recent (2009–10) studies documented significantly higher concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in settled house dust in living spaces and soil adjacent to parking lots sealed with coal-tar-based products. To date, no studies have examined the potential human health effects of PAHs from these products in dust and soil. Here we present the results of an analysis of potential cancer risk associated with incidental ingestion exposures to PAHs in settings near coal-tar-sealed pavement. Exposures to benzo[a]pyrene equivalents were characterized across five scenarios. The central tendency estimate of excess cancer risk resulting from lifetime exposures to soil and dust from nondietary ingestion in these settings exceeded 1 × 10–4, as determined using deterministic and probabilistic methods. Soil was the primary driver of risk, but according to probabilistic calculations, reasonable maximum exposure to affected house dust in the first 6 years of life was sufficient to generate an estimated excess lifetime cancer risk of 6 × 10–5. Our results indicate that the presence of coal-tar-based pavement sealants is associated with significant increases in estimated excess lifetime cancer risk for nearby residents. Much of this calculated excess risk arises from exposures to PAHs in early childhood (i.e., 0–6 years of age).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es303371t","usgsCitation":"Williams, E.S., Mahler, B., and Van Metre, P., 2013, Cancer risk from incidental ingestion exposures to PAHs associated with coal-tar-sealed pavement: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 2, p. 1101-1109, https://doi.org/10.1021/es303371t.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1101","endPage":"1109","ipdsId":"IP-041619","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474063,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es303371t","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":267587,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511f670be4b03b29402c5daa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, E. Spencer","contributorId":53640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Spencer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040834,"text":"70040834 - 2013 - Influence of dietary carbon on mercury bioaccumulation in streams of the Adirondack Mountains of New York and the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-07T18:26:47","indexId":"70040834","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of dietary carbon on mercury bioaccumulation in streams of the Adirondack Mountains of New York and the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA","docAbstract":"We studied lower food webs in streams of two mercury-sensitive regions to determine whether variations in consumer foraging strategy and resultant dietary carbon signatures accounted for observed within-site and among-site variations in consumer mercury concentration. We collected macroinvertebrates (primary consumers and predators) and selected forage fishes from three sites in the Adirondack Mountains of New York, and three sites in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, for analysis of mercury (Hg) and stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N). Among primary consumers, scrapers and filterers had higher MeHg and more depleted δ13C than shredders from the same site. Variation in δ13C accounted for up to 34 % of within-site variation in MeHg among primary consumers, beyond that explained by δ15N, an indicator of trophic position. Consumer δ13C accounted for 10 % of the variation in Hg among predatory macroinvertebrates and forage fishes across these six sites, after accounting for environmental aqueous methylmercury (MeHg, 5 % of variation) and base-N adjusted consumer trophic position (Δδ15N, 22 % of variation). The δ13C spatial pattern within consumer taxa groups corresponded to differences in benthic habitat shading among sites. Consumers from relatively more-shaded sites had more enriched δ13C that was more similar to typical detrital δ13C, while those from the relatively more-open sites had more depleted δ13C. Although we could not clearly attribute these differences strictly to differences in assimilation of carbon from terrestrial or in-channel sources, greater potential for benthic primary production at more open sites might play a role. We found significant variation among consumers within and among sites in carbon source; this may be related to within-site differences in diet and foraging habitat, and to among-site differences in environmental conditions that influence primary production. These observations suggest that different foraging strategies and habitats influence MeHg bioaccumulation in streams, even at relatively small spatial scales. Such influence must be considered when selecting lower trophic level consumers as sentinels of MeHg bioaccumulation for comparison within and among sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10646-012-1003-3","usgsCitation":"Riva-Murray, K., Bradley, P.M., Chasar, L.C., Button, D.T., Brigham, M.E., Eikenberry, B.C., Journey, C.A., and Lutz, M., 2013, Influence of dietary carbon on mercury bioaccumulation in streams of the Adirondack Mountains of New York and the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA: Ecotoxicology, v. 22, no. 1, p. 60-71, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-012-1003-3.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"71","ipdsId":"IP-031211","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-012-1003-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263337,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-012-1003-3"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York;South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.35,32.03 ], [ -83.35,45.02 ], [ -71.86,45.02 ], [ -71.86,32.03 ], [ -83.35,32.03 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50aca67de4b0ae6a8f88bba2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riva-Murray, Karen","contributorId":85650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riva-Murray","given":"Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chasar, Lia C.","contributorId":91196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chasar","given":"Lia","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Button, Daniel T. 0000-0002-7479-884X dtbutton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7479-884X","contributorId":2084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Button","given":"Daniel","email":"dtbutton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brigham, Mark E. 0000-0001-7412-6800 mbrigham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-6800","contributorId":1840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"Mark","email":"mbrigham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eikenberry, Barbara C. Scudder 0000-0001-8058-1201 beikenberry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8058-1201","contributorId":97389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eikenberry","given":"Barbara","email":"beikenberry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C. Scudder","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lutz, Michelle A.","contributorId":32862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"Michelle A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70208416,"text":"70208416 - 2013 - An alternative process model of preferential contaminant travel times in the unsaturated zone: Application to Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-09T13:33:46","indexId":"70208416","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-18T13:31:30","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1550,"text":"Environmental Modeling & Assessment","onlineIssn":" 1573-296","printIssn":"1420-2026","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An alternative process model of preferential contaminant travel times in the unsaturated zone: Application to Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Simulating contaminant transport in unsaturated zones with sparse hydraulic property information is a difficult, yet common, problem. When contaminant transport may occur via preferential flow, simple modeling approaches can provide predictions of interest, such as the first arrival of contaminant, with minimal site characterization. The conceptual model for unsaturated zone flow at Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain, Nevada National Security Site, establishes the possibility of preferential flow through lithologies between potential radionuclide sources and the saturated zone. After identifying preferential flow as a possible contaminant transport process, we apply a simple model to estimate first arrival times for conservatively transported radionuclides to reach the saturated zone. Simulated preferential flow travel times at Rainier Mesa are tens to hundreds of years for non-ponded water sources and 1 to 2 months for continuously ponded water sources; first arrival times are approximately twice as long at Shoshone Mountain. These first arrival time results should then be viewed as a worst-case scenario but not necessarily as a timescale for a groundwater-contamination hazard, because concentrations may be very low. The alternative approach demonstrated here for estimating travel times can be useful in situations where predictions are needed by managers for the fastest arrival of contaminants, yet budgetary or time constraints preclude more rigorous analysis, and when additional model estimates are needed for comparison (i.e., model abstraction).","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10666-012-9349-8","usgsCitation":"Ebel, B., and Nimmo, J.R., 2013, An alternative process model of preferential contaminant travel times in the unsaturated zone: Application to Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain, Nevada: Environmental Modeling & Assessment, v. 18, p. 345-363, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-012-9349-8.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"363","ipdsId":"IP-114818","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372175,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Shoshone Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.61688232421875,\n 38.54601733154524\n ],\n [\n -117.19390869140625,\n 38.54601733154524\n ],\n [\n -117.19390869140625,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -117.61688232421875,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -117.61688232421875,\n 38.54601733154524\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":211845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038186,"text":"70038186 - 2013 - The response of Lake Tahoe to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T17:00:57","indexId":"70038186","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The response of Lake Tahoe to climate change","docAbstract":"Meteorology is the driving force for lake internal heating, cooling, mixing, and circulation. Thus continued global warming will affect the lake thermal properties, water level, internal nutrient loading, nutrient cycling, food-web characteristics, fish-habitat, aquatic ecosystem, and other important features of lake limnology. Using a 1-D numerical model - the Lake Clarity Model (LCM) - together with the down-scaled climatic data of the two emissions scenarios (B1 and A2) of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Global Circulation Model, we found that Lake Tahoe will likely cease to mix to the bottom after about 2060 for A2 scenario, with an annual mixing depth of less than 200 m as the most common value. Deep mixing, which currently occurs on average every 3-4 years, will (under the GFDL B1 scenario) occur only four times during 2061 to 2098. When the lake fails to completely mix, the bottom waters are not replenished with dissolved oxygen and eventually dissolved oxygen at these depths will be depleted to zero. When this occurs, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and ammonium-nitrogen (both biostimulatory) are released from the deep sediments and contribute approximately 51 % and 14 % of the total SRP and dissolved inorganic nitrogen load, respectively. The lake model suggests that climate change will drive the lake surface level down below the natural rim after 2085 for the GFDL A2 but not the GFDL B1 scenario. The results indicate that continued climate changes could pose serious threats to the characteristics of the Lake that are most highly valued. Future water quality planning must take these results into account.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10584-012-0600-8","usgsCitation":"Sahoo, G., Schladow, S., Reuter, J., Coats, R., Dettinger, M., Riverson, J., Wolfe, B., and Costa-Cabral, M., 2013, The response of Lake Tahoe to climate change: Climatic Change, v. 116, no. 1, p. 71-95, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0600-8.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"95","ipdsId":"IP-037468","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262875,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0600-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.165109,39.0 ], [ -120.165109,39.26 ], [ -120.0,39.26 ], [ -120.0,39.0 ], [ -120.165109,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5094ec28e4b0e5cfc2acdd15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sahoo, G.B.","contributorId":49167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sahoo","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schladow, S.G.","contributorId":92791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schladow","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reuter, J.E.","contributorId":9539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reuter","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coats, R.","contributorId":9540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coats","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dettinger, M. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":78909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Riverson, J.","contributorId":63692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riverson","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wolfe, B.","contributorId":79000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Costa-Cabral, M.","contributorId":96554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa-Cabral","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70148267,"text":"70148267 - 2013 - Small-scale turbidity currents in a big submarine canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T11:03:10","indexId":"70148267","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3877,"text":"Geology Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small-scale turbidity currents in a big submarine canyon","docAbstract":"Field measurements of oceanic turbidity currents, especially diluted currents, are extremely rare. We present a dilute turbidity current recorded by instrumented moorings 14.5 km apart at 1300 and 1860 m water depth. The sediment concentration within the flow was 0.017%, accounting for 18 cm/s gravity current speed due to density excess. Tidal currents of ∼30 cm/s during the event provided a \"tailwind\" that assisted the down-canyon movement of the turbidity current and its sediment plume. High-resolution velocity measurements suggested that the turbidity current was likely the result of a local canyon wall slumping near the 1300 m mooring. Frequent occurrences, in both space and time, of such weak sediment transport events could be an important mechanism to cascade sediment and other particles, and to help sustain the vibrant ecosystems in deep-sea canyons.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G33727.1","usgsCitation":"Xu, J., Barry, J., and Paull, C.K., 2013, Small-scale turbidity currents in a big submarine canyon: Geology Today, v. 41, no. 2, p. 143-146, https://doi.org/10.1130/G33727.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"146","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040717","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5566eae3e4b0d9246a9ec300","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, Jingping jpx@usgs.gov","contributorId":2574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Jingping","email":"jpx@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barry, James P.","contributorId":140935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barry","given":"James P.","affiliations":[{"id":13620,"text":"Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paull, Charles K. 0000-0001-5940-3443","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-3443","contributorId":55825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":547633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040322,"text":"70040322 - 2013 - The interactive effects of excess reactive nitrogen and climate change on aquatic ecosystems and water resources of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T18:23:10.893695","indexId":"70040322","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The interactive effects of excess reactive nitrogen and climate change on aquatic ecosystems and water resources of the United States","docAbstract":"Nearly all freshwaters and coastal zones of the US are degraded from inputs of excess reactive nitrogen (Nr), sources of which are runoff, atmospheric N deposition, and imported food and feed. Some major adverse effects include harmful algal blooms, hypoxia of fresh and coastal waters, ocean acidification, long-term harm to human health, and increased emissions of greenhouse gases. Nitrogen fluxes to coastal areas and emissions of nitrous oxide from waters have increased in response to N inputs. Denitrification and sedimentation of organic N to sediments are important processes that divert N from downstream transport. Aquatic ecosystems are particularly important denitrification hotspots. Carbon storage in sediments is enhanced by Nr, but whether carbon is permanently buried is unknown. The effect of climate change on N transport and processing in fresh and coastal waters will be felt most strongly through changes to the hydrologic cycle, whereas N loading is mostly climate-independent. Alterations in precipitation amount and dynamics will alter runoff, thereby influencing both rates of Nr inputs to aquatic ecosystems and groundwater and the water residence times that affect Nr removal within aquatic systems. Both infrastructure and climate change alter the landscape connectivity and hydrologic residence time that are essential to denitrification. While Nr inputs to and removal rates from aquatic systems are influenced by climate and management, reduction of N inputs from their source will be the most effective means to prevent or to minimize environmental and economic impacts of excess Nr to the nation’s water resources.
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In the discontinuous permafrost of Yukon Flats, interior Alaska (USA), these changes have been non-uniform across adjacent watersheds, suggesting local controls on lake water budgets. Mechanisms that could explain the decreasing mass of one lake in Yukon Flats since the early 1980s, Twelvemile Lake, are identified via a scoping analysis that considers plausible changes in snowmelt mass and infiltration, permafrost distribution, and climate warming. Because predicted changes in evaporation (2 cmyr-1) are inadequate to explain the observed 17.5 cmyr-1 reduction in mass balance, other mechanisms are required. The most important potential mechanisms are found to involve: (1) changes in shallow, lateral groundwater flow to the lake possibly facilitated by vertical freeze-thaw migration of the permafrost table in gravel; (2) increased loss of lake water as downward groundwater flow through an open talik to a permeable subpermafrost flowpath; and (3) reduced snow meltwater inputs due to decreased snowpack mass and increased infiltration of snowmelt into, and subsequent evaporation from, fine-grained sediment mantling the permafrost-free lake basin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10040-012-0896-5","usgsCitation":"Jepsen, S., Voss, C., Walvoord, M.A., Rose, J., Minsley, B., and Smith, B.D., 2013, Sensitivity analysis of lake mass balance in discontinuous permafrost: the example of disappearing Twelvemile Lake, Yukon Flats, Alaska (USA): Hydrogeology Journal, v. 21, no. 1, p. 185-200, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0896-5.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"200","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262682,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0896-5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Twelvemile Lake;Yukon Flats","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"508018ace4b0a0242ef285dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jepsen, S.M.","contributorId":81356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jepsen","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, C.I.","contributorId":79515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rose, J.R.","contributorId":80137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Minsley, B. 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Generally, first-year survival, and therefore recruitment, is inherently less consistent in systems with high intra- and interannual variability. Irrigation reservoirs display sporadic patterns of annual drawdown, which can pose a substantial challenge to recruitment of fishes. We developed species-specific models using an 18-year data set compiled from state and federal agencies to investigate variables that regulate the recruitment of walleye Sander vitreus and white bass Morone chrysops in irrigation reservoirs in south-west Nebraska, USA. The candidate model set for walleye included only abiotic variables (water-level elevation, minimum daily air temperature during winter prior to hatching, annual precipitation, spring warming rate and May reservoir discharge), and the candidate model set for white bass included primarily biotic variables (catch per unit effort (CPUE) of black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, CPUE of age-0 walleye, CPUE of bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and CPUE of age-3 and older white bass), each of which had a greater relative importance than the single abiotic variable (minimum daily air temperature during winter after hatching). Our findings improve the understanding of the recruitment of fishes in irrigation reservoirs and the relative roles of abiotic and biotic factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12000","usgsCitation":"DeBoer, J.A., Pope, K.L., and Koupal, K.D., 2013, Environmental factors regulating the recruitment of walleye Sander vitreus and white bass Morone chrysops in irrigation reservoirs: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 22, no. 1, p. 43-54, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12000.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038203","costCenters":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262456,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eff.12000"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Republican River","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50744f99e4b090654e7b2648","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeBoer, Jason A.","contributorId":10272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBoer","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koupal, Keith D.","contributorId":37592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koupal","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039843,"text":"70039843 - 2013 - Effects of linking a soil-water-balance model with a groundwater-flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-15T08:57:37","indexId":"70039843","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1862,"text":"Ground Water Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of linking a soil-water-balance model with a groundwater-flow model","docAbstract":"A previously published regional groundwater-flow model in north-central Nebraska was sequentially linked with the recently developed soil-water-balance (SWB) model to analyze effects to groundwater-flow model parameters and calibration results. The linked models provided a more detailed spatial and temporal distribution of simulated recharge based on hydrologic processes, improvement of simulated groundwater-level changes and base flows at specific sites in agricultural areas, and a physically based assessment of the relative magnitude of recharge for grassland, nonirrigated cropland, and irrigated cropland areas. Root-mean-squared (RMS) differences between the simulated and estimated or measured target values for the previously published model and linked models were relatively similar and did not improve for all types of calibration targets. However, without any adjustment to the SWB-generated recharge, the RMS difference between simulated and estimated base-flow target values for the groundwater-flow model was slightly smaller than for the previously published model, possibly indicating that the volume of recharge simulated by the SWB code was closer to actual hydrogeologic conditions than the previously published model provided. Groundwater-level and base-flow hydrographs showed that temporal patterns of simulated groundwater levels and base flows were more accurate for the linked models than for the previously published model at several sites, particularly in agricultural areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01000.x","usgsCitation":"Stanton, J.S., Ryter, D.W., and Peterson, S.M., 2013, Effects of linking a soil-water-balance model with a groundwater-flow model: Ground Water Journal, v. 51, no. 4, p. 613-622, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01000.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"622","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262455,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01000.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50744f90e4b090654e7b2644","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanton, Jennifer S. 0000-0002-2520-753X jstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-753X","contributorId":830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryter, Derek W. 0000-0002-2488-626X dryter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2488-626X","contributorId":3395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryter","given":"Derek","email":"dryter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, Steven M. 0000-0002-9130-1284 speterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-1284","contributorId":847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Steven","email":"speterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}