{"pageNumber":"6382","pageRowStart":"159525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184912,"records":[{"id":70227277,"text":"70227277 - 1971 - Vapor-dominated hydrothermal systems compared with hot-water systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T20:32:44.072191","indexId":"70227277","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T14:21:40","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vapor-dominated hydrothermal systems compared with hot-water systems","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.75","usgsCitation":"White, D.E., Muffler, L.P., and Truesdell, A.H., 1971, Vapor-dominated hydrothermal systems compared with hot-water systems: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 1, p. 75-97, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.75.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"97","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.05255126953125,\n 44.09153051045218\n ],\n [\n -109.64630126953125,\n 44.09153051045218\n ],\n [\n -109.64630126953125,\n 45.00559312697019\n ],\n [\n -111.05255126953125,\n 45.00559312697019\n ],\n [\n -111.05255126953125,\n 44.09153051045218\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, D. E.","contributorId":140645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muffler, L.J. Patrick 0000-0001-6638-7218 pmuffler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6638-7218","contributorId":3322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muffler","given":"L.J.","email":"pmuffler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Truesdell, A. H.","contributorId":140646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70120939,"text":"70120939 - 1971 - Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 6","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-16T14:42:20","indexId":"70120939","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T14:18:16","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 6","docAbstract":"

Sediments from Leg 6 sites, west of the Hawaiian Islands, consisted primarily of various combinations of deep-sea biogenic oozes, volcanic ash, and its breakdown products. Pore fluids from most of the sites were similar in composition to present day ocean water, and in some sties almost identical. However, interstitial fluids from Site 53 (Philippine Sea) showed changes in ionic composition which were beyond those previously considered attributable to diagenetic influence. These samples show the beginnings of metamorphism by dramatic increases in calcium concentrations and corresponding decreases in alkali concentrations.

\n
\n

Analytical methods were similar to those outlined in previous Leg Reports. However, obvious contamination of aliquots for sodium determination in the laboratory made it necessary to determine all sodium values by difference between anion and cation balances. These values are, if anything, more accurate than direct determinations which have been discussed in earlier legs. However, the authors will continue to analyze sodium directly, and in the future they may be able to improve the precision of the determinations to the point where small losses and gains of sodium in the pore fluids may be established accurately.

\n
\n

Agreement between colorimetric and spectrometric determinations of silicon has improved, but there are still occasional marked differences for which the writers have no explanation. T. Takahashi has allowed the authors to compare total Carbon Dioxide (CO2) measurements from his laboratory with their alkalinity determinations: both sets of data were obtained from fluids from the same squeezings of sediments and should give similar values at the indicated pH levels. Some disturbingly large discrepancies in the two sets of data are evident. The authors do not think that their back-titration alkalinity technique alone is responsible for the differences. However, they have not evaluated the possible influence of the heat-sealed polyethylene pipes on the alkalinity values; this should be considered a potential source of error.

\n
\n

The pH data from water samples processed and measured on shipboard are reported here. In view of the major changes in pressure and temperature (laboratory temperatures were reported to be 26 to 28°C) and the sediments to new gaseous regimes prior to pH measurement, these values should be interpreted mainly as applying to the squeezed effluents, not to in situ values.

","language":"English","publisher":"Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International","publisherLocation":"College Station, TX","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.6.125.1971","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F., and Sayles, F., 1971, Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 6: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 6, p. 811-821, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.6.125.1971.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"811","endPage":"821","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.6.125.1971","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":292473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fe7e4b033341871892c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sayles, F.L.","contributorId":77657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayles","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227276,"text":"70227276 - 1971 - Coronadite — Modes of occurrence and origin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T20:17:58.416727","indexId":"70227276","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T13:32:04","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coronadite — Modes of occurrence and origin","docAbstract":"

The lead manganate, \"coronadite,\" was first recognized at the Coronado mine in the Morenci district, Arizona, by Lindgren in 1903. Several years later, the identity of the mineral was questioned and it was not until 1932 that Orcel recognized it in material from Morocco. Since 1955, the mineral has been recognized at numerous places; in the USSR, east of the Ural Mountains, in several districts in Morocco, England, Australia, and India. In recent years, coronadite had been identified at numerous localities in New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and California by the writer and others. At this time, it has been identified at 22 localities, and in the opinion of this writer, it will be found at many more places if it is sought for carefully.

Author's review of the known occurrences of coronadite and interpretation of the modes of geologic environment show that the mineral is found in veins and hot spring aprons, where it seems to have been deposited by hydrothermal waters from depth and that it is one of the manganese oxide minerals deposited as sediments. Probably it is more widely found in assemblages of minerals of supergene origin.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.164","usgsCitation":"Hewett, D.F., 1971, Coronadite — Modes of occurrence and origin: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 1, p. 164-177, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.164.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"177","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393976,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia, Bulgaria, England, France, India, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Morocco, Russia, Spain, Sweden, United States, Uzbekistan","state":"Arizona, Asturias, California, Chihuahua, Durango, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, New South Wales, Savoy","county":"Cumberland County","otherGeospatial":"Transbaikalia, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n 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F.","contributorId":19927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hewett","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70227305,"text":"70227305 - 1971 - Sulfur isotope study of the \"B\" limestone and Galena fissure ore deposits of the U.S. mine, Bingham mining district, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T18:12:53.5581","indexId":"70227305","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T11:57:32","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur isotope study of the \"B\" limestone and Galena fissure ore deposits of the U.S. mine, Bingham mining district, Utah","docAbstract":"

The delta S 34 values for 261 sulfide concentrates from the \"B\" limestone replacement and Galena fissure deposits of the U. S. mine range from +3.8 to --8.0 permil; the mean is +0.56 permil. The data indicate that (1) sulfides of the \"B\" limestone ore deposits are depleted in S 34 by 0.4 to 0.7 permil relative to those of the Galena fissure ore deposits; (2) sulfides of both deposits exhibit a primary fractionation trend characterized by increasing S 34 depletion in the sequence pyrite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, and galena; (3) delta values for coexisting sulfide pairs of the \"B\" limestone deposit increase with increasing altitude; (4) sulfides of both deposits are increasingly depleted in S 34 with increasing altitude; (5) the paragenetic order of sulfide deposition is accompanied by an apparent depletion of S 34 that is independent of mineral species; and (6) pyrite disseminated in wall rocks is depleted in S 34 relative to pyrite from adjacent ore deposits.

The similarity of delta S 34 values and isotopic trends to those of the central porphyry-type deposit at Bingham (Field, 1966) suggests that the hydrothermal deposits of the district were formed by fluids that originated from a common source during one episode of sequential mineralization. Gross isotopic differences between the deposits, consistent differences between coexisting sulfides, and systematic variations of delta values are attributed to temperature effects imposed upon sulfide exchange equilibria; isotopic temperatures suggest a lateral gradient between the \"B\" limestone and adjacent Galena fissure deposits and a possible vertical gradient within the \"B\" limestone deposit. The vertical zonation of delta S 34 values and trends related to pyrite physical occurrence and sulfide paragenesis are provisionally attributed to a pH-Eh control. Although the apparent trends are imperfectly resolved because of textural complexities, the marked depletion of S 34 in pyrite disseminated in country rocks warrants additional study as a potential exploration method.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.48","usgsCitation":"Field, C.W., and Moore, W., 1971, Sulfur isotope study of the \"B\" limestone and Galena fissure ore deposits of the U.S. mine, Bingham mining district, Utah: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 1, p. 48-62, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.48.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"62","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bingham mining district, U.S. mine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.22190856933594,\n 40.47071851668331\n ],\n [\n -112.11479187011717,\n 40.47071851668331\n ],\n [\n -112.11479187011717,\n 40.57302246320223\n ],\n [\n -112.22190856933594,\n 40.57302246320223\n ],\n [\n -112.22190856933594,\n 40.47071851668331\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Cyrus W.","contributorId":271010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Field","given":"Cyrus","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, William J.","contributorId":30983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"William J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227303,"text":"70227303 - 1971 - Cation exchange capacity and metal deposition: A suggestion — A reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T17:55:38.206958","indexId":"70227303","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T11:44:44","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cation exchange capacity and metal deposition: A suggestion — A reply","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.201","usgsCitation":"Radtke, A.S., and Scheiner, B.J., 1971, Cation exchange capacity and metal deposition: A suggestion — A reply: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 1, p. 201-201, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.201.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"201","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Carlin gold mine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.46846771240234,\n 40.873026194807586\n ],\n [\n -116.29440307617186,\n 40.873026194807586\n ],\n [\n -116.29440307617186,\n 40.94126775545064\n ],\n [\n -116.46846771240234,\n 40.94126775545064\n ],\n [\n -116.46846771240234,\n 40.873026194807586\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Radtke, Arthur S.","contributorId":63795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radtke","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scheiner, Bernard J.","contributorId":269396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scheiner","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227300,"text":"70227300 - 1971 - Residual enrichment and supergene transport of gold, Calhoun mine, Lumpkin County, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T17:40:10.07289","indexId":"70227300","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T11:30:33","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Residual enrichment and supergene transport of gold, Calhoun mine, Lumpkin County, Georgia","docAbstract":"

Gold is present in weathered wall rock and quartz veins of the opencut of the Calhoun mine, Lumpkin County, Georgia. Eleven samples of mica schist saprolite contain 0.02 to 0.1 parts per million (ppm) gold and three samples of weathered vein quartz, 0.04 to 0.6 ppm (limit of detection is 0.02 ppm). Gold was not found in any of the 18 samples of fresh mica schist and was found in only 3 of 16 samples of fresh vein quartz from underground workings 40-100 feet below the opencut.

Whole-rock chemical analyses of the unweathered schist and schist saprolite show large losses of minor elements and addition of water during weathering. The average specific gravity of the unweathered schist is 2.8 and of the schist saprolite, 1.65. The chemical analyses recalculated to weight per volume show a loss during weathering of large amounts of all major constituents including silica, alumina, and total iron. Of the minor elements, gold and arsenic show the most residual enrichment, but boron, beryllium, cobalt, lanthanum, niobium, nickel, lead, zinc, and zirconium show some enrichment in the saprolite as compared with the fresh rock. Most of the other minor elements have been at least partly removed, the greatest loss being shown by calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and strontium. Fresh limonite coating the wall of the adit contains 2.9 ppm gold and appreciable amounts of these elements leached from the schist, particularly barium, calcium, and manganese.

Some layers of unweathered schist contain as much as 1 percent gold-bearing pyrite and may have a gold content of 0.01 and 0.02 ppm, or just at or below the limit of detection. Loss of 30 to 45 percent of the rock during weathering increases the gold content above the lower limit of detection. The gold in recently deposited limonite shows that some gold is also being transported with iron during weathering. If a concentration of limonite were found near the water table, it might be expected to show supergene enrichment in gold.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.178","usgsCitation":"Lesure, F.G., 1971, Residual enrichment and supergene transport of gold, Calhoun mine, Lumpkin County, Georgia: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 1, p. 178-186, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.178.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"186","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Lumpkin County","otherGeospatial":"Calhoun mine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.98949146270752,\n 34.48614858976135\n ],\n [\n -83.96824836730956,\n 34.48614858976135\n ],\n [\n -83.96824836730956,\n 34.508254118465544\n ],\n [\n -83.98949146270752,\n 34.508254118465544\n ],\n [\n -83.98949146270752,\n 34.48614858976135\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lesure, Frank G.","contributorId":20068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesure","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70227334,"text":"70227334 - 1971 - Application of an acoustic streamflow-measuring system on the Columbia River at The Dalles, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T15:32:14.289249","indexId":"70227334","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T09:25:41","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of an acoustic streamflow-measuring system on the Columbia River at The Dalles, Oregon","docAbstract":"

The need for accurate, independent records of flow on the Columbia River at The Dalles, Oregon, has been met by the installation of an acoustic streamflow-measuring system. This device provides an index of the velocity of flow by measuring the difference in traveltimes of acoustic pulses transmitted through the water in each direction along a diagonal path across the river. The flow of water along the path increases the speed of one signal and retards the speed of the other. The difference in time of travel is related linearly to the water velocity along the path. Installation of the system, which is the first application of an acoustic flowmeter in a large natural channel, was completed in April 1969. It has been in continuous operation since that date. The velocity index and water-surface elevation are used as a two-variable index in the computation of flow. These variables, correlated against current-meter measurements made by use of specialized boat equipment, provide a reliable basis for computations of instantaneous and daily mean discharges.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1971.tb01679.x","usgsCitation":"Smith, W., 1971, Application of an acoustic streamflow-measuring system on the Columbia River at The Dalles, Oregon: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 7, no. 1, p. 69-78, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1971.tb01679.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"78","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394104,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"The Dalles","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.23687744140624,\n 45.59410139910823\n ],\n [\n -121.07242584228514,\n 45.59410139910823\n ],\n [\n -121.07242584228514,\n 45.66132705384569\n ],\n [\n -121.23687744140624,\n 45.66132705384569\n ],\n [\n -121.23687744140624,\n 45.59410139910823\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Winchell","contributorId":20311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Winchell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010330,"text":"70010330 - 1971 - Pacific geomagnetic secular variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T16:26:10.706673","indexId":"70010330","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pacific geomagnetic secular variation","docAbstract":"

We have considered several different types of records of long-period geomagnetic secular variation: direct measurements made in geomagnetic observatories; paleomagnetic measurements on Hawaiian lava flows with accurately known ages in the interval 0 to 200 years; paleomagentic measurements on Hawaiian lava flows with loosely determined ages within the interval 200 to 10,000 years ago; and worldwide paleomagnetic measurements of the average geomagnetic angular dispersion recorded in lava flows that formed during the past 0.7 million years. All these magnetic records indicate that, during this time, the nondipole component of the earth's field was lower in the central Pacific than elsewhere, as it is today. This, in turn, indicates that there is some type of inhomogeneity in the lower mantle which is coupled to the earth's core in such a way as to suppress the generation of the nondipole field beneath the central Pacific. With the present incomplete state of knowledge about the processes that give rise to the earth's field, it is uncertain whether undulations in the core-mantle interface or lateral variations in the composition and physical state of the lower mantle are ultimately responsible for the pattern of secular variation seen at the earth's surface.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.171.3968.248","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Doell, R., and Cox, A., 1971, Pacific geomagnetic secular variation: Science, v. 171, no. 3968, p. 248-254, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.171.3968.248.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"254","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218718,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"171","issue":"3968","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7392e4b0c8380cd77104","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doell, Richard R.","contributorId":66683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doell","given":"Richard R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, A.","contributorId":89266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227353,"text":"70227353 - 1971 - Surf-beat origin for pulsating bottom currents in the Rio Balsas submarine canyon, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T23:00:03.153639","indexId":"70227353","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T16:48:37","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surf-beat origin for pulsating bottom currents in the Rio Balsas submarine canyon, Mexico","docAbstract":"

A previously unreported process was observed at the head of a tributary to the Rio Balsas submarine canyon system in Mexico. During a period of large surf, river discharge deflected a pulsating longshore current [peaking at over 7 km/hr (2 m/sec)] seaward over the tributary heading in the surf zone. This pulsating flow occasionally entered the river mouth, causing rhythmic fluctuations with amplitudes of at least 30 cm and a period of about 3 minutes within the mouth, as recorded by a partially filtered tide gage. In diving to the bottom of the tributary at a depth of 18 m, we encountered current pulses with estimated velocities of 4 km/hr (more than 1 m/sec) transporting large amounts of suspended sand down an axial slope of 26°. This bottom flow was at least 3 m thick, and was characterized by pulses separated by quiet periods in phase with the surface rip current. The upper 20 cm of the canyon fill during this time consisted of sand smoothly laminated parallel to the bottom, indicating net deposition on the steeply sloping floor. Estimated water budget suggested that the entire water column below the rip current at 18 m was not flowing seaward during the pulses. The bottom flow landward of the dive site probably separated from the surface flow and was propagated downslope as a turbidity current. Its magnitude was sufficient to erode the canyon walls. These observations substantiate that rip currents play a role in the formation of some submarine canyons. Surf-beat induced rhythmic flushing of the river mouth, however, did not cause density currents in the main canyon head. The need for future canyon studies under extreme conditions is pointed out.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[81:SOFPBC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., 1971, Surf-beat origin for pulsating bottom currents in the Rio Balsas submarine canyon, Mexico: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 1, p. 81-89, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[81:SOFPBC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"89","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394163,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Cañón de la Necesidad, Rio Balsas submarine canyon system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.55050659179688,\n 17.774843263442754\n ],\n [\n -101.93458557128906,\n 17.774843263442754\n ],\n [\n -101.93458557128906,\n 18.098213048099566\n ],\n [\n -102.55050659179688,\n 18.098213048099566\n ],\n [\n -102.55050659179688,\n 17.774843263442754\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, Erk","contributorId":17963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"Erk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13585,"text":"ofr1775MP - 1971 - Selected references pertaining to the geology of the proposed Trans-Alaska Pipeline route","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-06T16:48:47","indexId":"ofr1775MP","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T16:47:34","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1775 MP","title":"Selected references pertaining to the geology of the proposed Trans-Alaska Pipeline route","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Mineral Resources Branch, U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr1775MP","usgsCitation":"Ferrians, O.J., 1971, Selected references pertaining to the geology of the proposed Trans-Alaska Pipeline route: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 1775 MP, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr1775MP.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.4,51.2 ], [ 172.4,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.4,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e34149e4b0567f27701967","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrians, Oscar J.","contributorId":46499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrians","given":"Oscar","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006260,"text":"70006260 - 1971 - Floods in the Wapsipinicon River Basin, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T12:47:10","indexId":"70006260","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T16:44:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"title":"Floods in the Wapsipinicon River Basin, Iowa","docAbstract":"

Flood information is reported for 338 miles of the main stem and six tributaries of the Wapsipinicon River. The information will be of use to those concerned with the design of bridges and other structures and the conduct of various operations on the flood plains of the streams. Included in the report are flood-peak records, gaging-station records, frequency curves, and water-surface profiles.

\n

Outstanding floods resulting from extremely heavy rainfall occurred in the upper basin in 1968 and 1969. Those in 1968 produced the highest flood of record at the gaging station at Independence. The flood of 26,800 cfs (cubic feet per second) at this station was the greatest in the period 1933-70. A number of the smaller tributaries experienced floods more than five times the computed 50-year flood.

\n

The flood experience on the main stem downstream from Anamosa has not been outstanding. No flood of record has exceeded the 50-year flood in this reach.

\n

Flood-profile sheets show profiles of actual flood occurrences and computed profiles of the 25- and 50-year floods at most locations. These sheets also contain tabulations of the flood discharges profiled. A low-water profile and tabulated discharge indicate the range in elevation and discharge along the streams.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/70006260","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa State Highway Commission","usgsCitation":"Schwob, H.H., 1971, Floods in the Wapsipinicon River Basin, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, iii, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70006260.","productDescription":"iii, 52 p.","numberOfPages":"59","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70006260.JPG"},{"id":288875,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70006260/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Wapsipinicon River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.428466796875,\n 41.97174336327968\n ],\n [\n -90.2197265625,\n 41.939062754848564\n ],\n [\n -90.296630859375,\n 41.82454867985508\n ],\n [\n -90.3570556640625,\n 41.68932225997044\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 41.599013054830216\n ],\n [\n -90.63720703125,\n 41.545589036668105\n ],\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 41.57847058443442\n ],\n [\n -91.19750976562499,\n 41.7631174470059\n ],\n [\n -91.43920898437499,\n 41.94314874732696\n ],\n [\n -91.4556884765625,\n 42.02889410108475\n ],\n [\n -91.6424560546875,\n 42.12267315117259\n ],\n [\n -91.8896484375,\n 42.248851700720934\n ],\n [\n -92.010498046875,\n 42.36666166373274\n ],\n [\n -92.3016357421875,\n 42.524748042348165\n ],\n [\n -92.4224853515625,\n 42.64608143458068\n ],\n [\n -92.449951171875,\n 42.88401467044253\n ],\n [\n -92.52685546875,\n 43.052833917627936\n ],\n [\n -92.6422119140625,\n 43.1450861841603\n ],\n [\n -92.6751708984375,\n 43.23719944365308\n ],\n [\n -92.6971435546875,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -92.779541015625,\n 43.48082639482503\n ],\n [\n -92.7520751953125,\n 43.59232754538541\n ],\n [\n -92.6092529296875,\n 43.56845179881218\n ],\n [\n -92.4774169921875,\n 43.44893105587766\n ],\n [\n -92.40600585937499,\n 43.329173667843904\n ],\n [\n -92.2796630859375,\n 43.100982876188546\n ],\n [\n -92.010498046875,\n 42.84777884235988\n ],\n [\n -91.8621826171875,\n 42.76314586689494\n ],\n [\n -91.658935546875,\n 42.52879629320373\n ],\n [\n -91.4447021484375,\n 42.370720143531955\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 42.23258474931335\n ],\n [\n -91.087646484375,\n 42.187829010590825\n ],\n [\n -90.933837890625,\n 42.134894984239224\n ],\n [\n -90.736083984375,\n 42.0615286181226\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 42.07783959017503\n ],\n [\n -90.428466796875,\n 41.97174336327968\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a11dbe4b0c8380cd54103","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwob, Harlan H.","contributorId":23974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwob","given":"Harlan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210573,"text":"70210573 - 1971 - Sedimentation in the Middle Fork Eel River Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T21:43:50.613446","indexId":"70210573","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T16:43:18","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Sedimentation in the Middle Fork Eel River Basin, California","docAbstract":"

The Middle Fork Eel River basin has a drainage area of 753 square miles and is in a mountainous area on the western flank of the coast ranges in northern California. Elevations in the basin range from about 860 feet above mean sea level at the confluence with the Eel River to more than 7,500 feet at several peaks along the eastern divide.

The Middle Fork Eel River basin has a drainage area of 753 square miles and is in a mountainous area on the western flank of the coast ranges in northern California. Elevations in the basin range from about 860 feet above mean sea level at the confluence with the Eel River to more than 7,500 feet at several peaks along the eastern divide.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70210573","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Knott, J.M., 1971, Sedimentation in the Middle Fork Eel River Basin, California: Open-File Report, vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70210573.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391542,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210573/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":391541,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210573/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Middle Fork Eel River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knott, J. M.","contributorId":77909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70227352,"text":"70227352 - 1971 - An evaluation of procedures used in computing chemical denudation rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T22:48:16.935227","indexId":"70227352","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T16:41:38","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of procedures used in computing chemical denudation rates","docAbstract":"

Computations of chemical denudation rates (that is, the average rate of lowering of the earth's crust by chemical processes) should be based only upon those components of dissolved loads of streams that are derived from chemical weathering of rocks and soils, even though identification of those components is difficult and imprecise. Past computations of chemical denudation rates exaggerated by 1.4 to 2.4 times the significance of this process because they were calculated from total dissolved loads.

Identification of separate denudation and nondenudation components in a water analysis can be done most readily for streams in crystalline silicate rock terrane where commonly 25 to 55 percent of the dissolved solids are HCO3−1, SO4−2, Cl−1, and NO3−1 that cannot be derived from the underlying rock; instead these ions are derived either directly from the atmosphere or from atmosphere-biosphere interactions. Most of the remaining solutes are derived from chemical weathering or rainfall, or both. Existing data are often insufficient to separate these two components, but atmospheric contributions to dissolved loads of dilute natural waters are substantial.

The commonly observed increased concentration of dissolved solids in chemically polluted rivers is produced by concentration of natural dissolved loads by evaporation, and by addition of solutes not present in natural waters. Concentration of natural solutes represents a modification of natural denudation processes that does not change the rate of denudation. Addition of new solutes represents man-induced, accelerated chemical denudation.

Extrapolation of modern chemical denudation rates to geologic situations is extremely imprecise because of uncertainties in assessing man's influence on present dissolved loads, in reconstructing the number and magnitude of past climatic changes, and in evaluating the effects of evolving flora and fauna.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[67:AEOPUI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Janda, R.J., 1971, An evaluation of procedures used in computing chemical denudation rates: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 1, p. 67-79, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[67:AEOPUI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"79","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janda, Richard J.","contributorId":13235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janda","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210293,"text":"70210293 - 1971 - Flood-prone areas in the Petaluma River drainage basin and Cotati vicinity, Sonoma and Marin Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-24T21:59:23.741019","indexId":"70210293","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T16:36:24","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5961,"text":"Basic Data Contribution","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"17","title":"Flood-prone areas in the Petaluma River drainage basin and Cotati vicinity, Sonoma and Marin Counties, California","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70210293","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, Flood-prone areas in the Petaluma River drainage basin and Cotati vicinity, Sonoma and Marin Counties, California (Revised 1971): Basic Data Contribution 17, 2 Plates: 21.65 x 26.80 inches and 21.73 x 26.71 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70210293.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 21.65 x 26.80 inches and 21.73 x 26.71 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401023,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76227.htm"},{"id":401013,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210293/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":401012,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210293/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":396459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210293/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Marin County, Sonoma County","otherGeospatial":"Petaluma River drainage basin and Cotati vicinity","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.75,\n 38.125\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 38.125\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 38.3667\n ],\n [\n -122.75,\n 38.3667\n ],\n [\n -122.75,\n 38.125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Revised 1971","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":147999,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":836002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70227312,"text":"70227312 - 1971 - Minor elements in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T20:43:43.490427","indexId":"70227312","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T14:38:29","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Minor elements in water","docAbstract":"

A complete characterization of natural waters includes a determination of the concentrations of 30 or more minor elements. Emission spectrochemical methods are uniquely suited to the determination of a comparatively large number of minor elements, mainly those classified as heavy metals. Spectro-chemical data published by Braidech and Emory in 1935 and more recent data by Durfor and Becker, and by Barnett, Skougstad, and Miller, provide some insight into the minor-element character of the raw- and finished-water supplies of most of the major U.S. cities. Such data permit assessment of those supplies that contain either comparatively high or low concentrations of minor elements. The concentrations of many minor elements are unchanged by the municipal treatment-plant operations between the raw- and finished-water supply. On the other hand, part of the copper in a raw-water supply may be removed during treatment, even though the over-all result is a net increase in copper in the finished water. The aluminum concentration of finished water is greater than in the raw-water supply when aluminum sulfate is used as a coagulant aid. Significant amounts of iron may be removed during treatment.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental geochemistry in health and disease","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM123-p43","usgsCitation":"Skougstad, M.W., 1971, Minor elements in water, chap. of Environmental geochemistry in health and disease, v. 123, p. 43-56, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM123-p43.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cannon, Helen L.","contributorId":96249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Helen L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830405,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopps, Howard C.","contributorId":189752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopps","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830406,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Skougstad, Marvin W.","contributorId":65064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skougstad","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70170893,"text":"70170893 - 1971 - Flooded area of St. Mary's Point, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T11:28:10","indexId":"70170893","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T14:30:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Flooded area of St. Mary's Point, Minnesota","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/70170893","usgsCitation":"Gunard, K., 1971, Flooded area of St. Mary's Point, Minnesota: Open-File Report, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70170893.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"St. Mary's Point","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.85301208496094,\n 44.88640436632269\n ],\n [\n -92.85301208496094,\n 44.96285457777543\n ],\n [\n -92.76014328002928,\n 44.96285457777543\n ],\n [\n -92.76014328002928,\n 44.88640436632269\n ],\n [\n -92.85301208496094,\n 44.88640436632269\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5731b4bae4b0dae0d5dbc0e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gunard, K.T.","contributorId":103733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunard","given":"K.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70227393,"text":"70227393 - 1971 - Thin skin distension in Tertiary rocks of southeastern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T20:28:56.593327","indexId":"70227393","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T14:24:41","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thin skin distension in Tertiary rocks of southeastern Nevada","docAbstract":"

Volcanic rocks of late Tertiary age, aggregating about 17,000 ft, accumulated on a surface of low relief cut on Precambrian rocks in the Basin and Range province south of Lake Mead, in Nevada and Arizona. They consist mostly of lava and flow breccia of intermediate composition with minor ash-flow tuff, bedded tuff, and lava of rhyolitic composition.

The last of three main phases of volcanism was accompanied by widespread epizonal plutonism and intense faulting. All or parts of six similarly but separately fault-deformed structural units are recognized in a 92-sq-mi mapped area. The structural units are highly distended by a system of closely spaced north-to northwest-striking shingling normal faults (many of which are low angle) that displace younger over older rocks in a west to west-southwest direction. Cumulative amounts of distension approximate the breadth of the structural units and are as much as 20,000 ft, whereas cumulative vertical displacements are much less and in some places are minimal. The structural units are floored at or near the present level of exposure by complex low-angle zones of detachment or décollement into which the numerous shingling normal faults merge. Where the units abut along their strike, they are separated by complex zones of transcurrent faults that appear to merge with the detachment structures and thus mark the ultimate limits of the structural units. Displacement on the detachment structures has the same sense as, but in some places is much greater than, that of the cumulative offset on the shingling faults, thus indicating low-angle movement of the structural units as platelike or lobate masses. These relationships indicate remarkably thin-skinned, large-scale, fault-related tectonism of a type which is present in a broad belt south of Lake Mead and in numerous other areas in the Basin and Range province.

The best exposed structural units exhibit a serial eastward progression from broad areas of steeply dipping strata, low-angle faults, and deep denudation to gently dipping strata, high-angle faults, and little denudation. Reverse-drag flexing, a volume-compensating mechanism for movement on concave-upward faults, is inferred to have produced the gentle to moderate dips of the strata, whereas the nearly vertical dips in the western parts of the units probably resulted from a combination of reverse-drag flexing and rotation related to uplift. Evidence of compression-related folding is absent.

The extreme distension is viewed as a surficial feature of a crustal belt that was subjected to a brief episode of tensional rifting. Rifting at subjacent levels along the belt was compensated for by emplacement of plutons. The surficial rocks were stretched and thinned over the plutons.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[43:TSDITR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R.E., 1971, Thin skin distension in Tertiary rocks of southeastern Nevada: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 1, p. 43-58, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[43:TSDITR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"58","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.59765625,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 34.985003130171066\n ],\n [\n -114.53247070312499,\n 35.200744801724014\n ],\n [\n -114.67529296874999,\n 36.05798104702501\n ],\n [\n -114.3017578125,\n 35.97800618085566\n ],\n [\n -114.071044921875,\n 36.049098959065645\n ],\n [\n -114.04907226562499,\n 39.52946653645165\n ],\n [\n -117.5537109375,\n 39.5633531658293\n ],\n [\n -117.59765625,\n 37.3002752813443\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, R. Ernest","contributorId":104484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ernest","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70227311,"text":"70227311 - 1971 - The geochemist’s involvement with the pollution problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T20:31:46.702923","indexId":"70227311","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T14:22:21","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The geochemist’s involvement with the pollution problem","docAbstract":"
The geochemist can contribute much information of value toward assessing the effect of environment, including inorganic pollution, on health. The average composition of rocks, soils, plants, and water and also the increments of inorganic substances that can be expected in geologic environments of high-metal content are essential for comparison with metal contents of these components of the environment in areas contaminated by various types of inorganic air and water pollution.

Background levels of lead, zinc, nickel, chromium, copper, and manganese in soils and in four classes of vegetation have been estimated from collections that were made in remote areas presumed to be free from inorganic contamination. The trace-metal content of soils and plants varies widely in different geologic provinces of the United States; in those areas of high natural mineralization, additions of metals from man-made pollution may compound a possible hazard. Results of sampling in urban areas show that contamination of vegetation by gasoline lead can be expected for at least 1000 ft back from transportation lanes, and that the lead burden is increasing greatly with time. Ore-treatment plants can also be a source of air contamination for several miles downwind and several thousand feet in other directions. Soils of naturally high metal content in a mining district may be further contaminated with both major and minor elements from smelting operations. Recent studies show that volatile elements are released directly to the air from ore deposits in place. Concentrations of mercury, for instance, may be as much as 20 times background for several hundred feet in altitude over ore deposits in which mercury occurs as a relatively minor constituent.

The source of inorganic pollution in surface drainage and also in ground water is commonly geologic, as rivers may be contaminated from coal and metal deposits in place and also from mining and smelting operations.

More information of the type illustrated should be accumulated and made available to scientists who are working in environmental health, and, in particular, to those involved in the pollution problem. Only by these means can we provide a scientific basis for the enactment of realistic and effective legislation for pollution control.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental geochemistry in health and disease","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM123-p155","usgsCitation":"Cannon, H., and Anderson, B.M., 1971, The geochemist’s involvement with the pollution problem, chap. of Environmental geochemistry in health and disease, v. 123, p. 155-178, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM123-p155.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"178","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394057,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"123","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cannon, Helen L.","contributorId":96249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Helen L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830402,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopps, Howard C.","contributorId":189752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopps","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830403,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Helen L.","contributorId":96249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Helen L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Barbara M.","contributorId":75155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227408,"text":"70227408 - 1971 - Groundwater Recharge Conference Reading, England September 21-24, 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-14T14:38:27.308829","indexId":"70227408","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T14:19:03","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater Recharge Conference Reading, England September 21-24, 1970","docAbstract":"

An international Conference on Artificial Groundwater Recharge was held at the University of Reading, Whiteknights Park, Reading, Berkshire, England, sponsored by the Water Research Association, Medmenham, Marlow, Buckinghamshire. One hundred sixty-one delegates, representing 20 countries, registered. Five excellent tours were made available for them, to such installations as: the Hydraulics Research Station and Institute of Hydrology, Weilingford, Berkshire; the Metropolitan Water Board, Ashford Common Works, Sunbury-on-Thames; the Water Pollution Research Laboratory, Stevenage; and the Water Research Association, Medmenham, and Water Resources Board, Reading, Berkshire.

","conferenceTitle":"Groundwater Recharge Conference","conferenceDate":"September 21-24, 1970","conferenceLocation":"Reading, England","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/EO052i001p00026-01","usgsCitation":"Sniegocki, R.T., 1971, Groundwater Recharge Conference Reading, England September 21-24, 1970: Eos Science News, v. 52, no. 1, p. 26-26, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO052i001p00026-01.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"26","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sniegocki, Richard T.","contributorId":67068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sniegocki","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70227458,"text":"70227458 - 1971 - Calorimetric investigation of Na-K mixing and polymorphism in the alkali feldspars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-17T20:32:06.783152","indexId":"70227458","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T14:16:05","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9954,"text":"Zeitschrift für Kristallographie — Crystalline Materials","onlineIssn":"2196-7105","printIssn":"2194-4946","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calorimetric investigation of Na-K mixing and polymorphism in the alkali feldspars","docAbstract":"

Heat of solution measurements of the enthalpies of Na-K mixing, Al-Si ordering, and fusion for crystalline solutions and end-member phases in the system Na(AlSi3O8)–K(AlSi3O8) were obtained with a vacuum-jacketed, isoperibolic calorimeter using 20.1 percent hydrofluoric acid at temperatures ranging from 40 to 60°C. Heat of solution data for artificially prepared microcline (–low-albite) crystalline solutions at 49.7°C are represented by

ΔHsol = −149.408 + 5.230 N2 − 5.928 N1N22 − 8.457 N2N12 kcal/mole

based on 39 measurements of 14 different bulk compositions, where N1 and N2 denote the mole fractions of NaAlSi3O8 and KAlSi3O8 respectively. The thermochemical uncertainty of the above least-squares formulation is ± 0.032 kcal/mole.

Unit-cell parameters determined by least-squares refinement of diffraction data indicate that the excess volumes of Na-K mixing of these microcline solutions are positive over the entire composition range. Combining the calorimetric and crystallographic data leads to the following expression for the variation of molar enthalpy of mixing with pressure:

ΔHex = (5928 + 0.110 P) N1N22 + (8457 + 0.110 P) N2N12 cal/mole.

The sign and magnitude of ΔHex determined by calorimetry agree closely with ΔHex calculated from a third-order Margules formulation of high-temperature two-phase equilibrium data in the critical region.

","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.1524/zkri.1971.134.5-6.381","usgsCitation":"Waldbaum, D.R., and Robie, R.A., 1971, Calorimetric investigation of Na-K mixing and polymorphism in the alkali feldspars: Zeitschrift für Kristallographie — Crystalline Materials, v. 134, no. 5-6, p. 381-420, https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.1971.134.5-6.381.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"420","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"134","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldbaum, David Robert","contributorId":90755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldbaum","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robie, Richard A.","contributorId":92235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227342,"text":"70227342 - 1971 - Detrital serpentinite from the Guajira Peninsula, Colombia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T20:28:30.127165","indexId":"70227342","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T14:05:19","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Detrital serpentinite from the Guajira Peninsula, Colombia","docAbstract":"

Small lenses of detrital serpentinite, completely surrounded by massive serpentinite, occur within a sequence of Mesozoic phyllites and metasiltstones in the Cerros de Parashi area, Guajira Peninsula. These lenses, which are as much as 30 m thick, consist of poorly sorted breccias that grade irregularly upward into bedded serpentinite sandstone and shale. Graded bedding is well developed in the sandstones, and channel structures and cross-bedding are also common. Two chemical analyses of serpentinite sandstone and shale show them to be of normal serpentinite composition. The original detrital serpentine minerals in these rocks were lizardite and chrysotile, but they have been partially replaced by antigorite during a period of upper greenschist facies metamorphism. The detrital serpentinites were formed by large submarine turbidity currents or mudflows, and the massive serpentinites surrounding them are believed to have been emplaced by gravity sliding.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Caribbean geophysical, tectonic, and petrologic studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM130-p55","usgsCitation":"Lockwood, J.P., 1971, Detrital serpentinite from the Guajira Peninsula, Colombia, chap. of Caribbean geophysical, tectonic, and petrologic studies, v. 130, p. 55-76, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM130-p55.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"76","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Colombia","otherGeospatial":"Cerros de Parashi, Guajira Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.80801391601561,\n 12.142718147196954\n ],\n [\n -71.59652709960938,\n 12.142718147196954\n ],\n [\n -71.59652709960938,\n 12.283650121725405\n ],\n [\n -71.80801391601561,\n 12.283650121725405\n ],\n [\n -71.80801391601561,\n 12.142718147196954\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"130","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Donnelly, Thomas W.","contributorId":271045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnelly","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830539,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lockwood, John P. 0000-0002-6562-0222","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6562-0222","contributorId":30976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70227456,"text":"70227456 - 1971 - Recharge characteristics of a watercourse aquifer system at Springfield, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-17T19:56:28.165541","indexId":"70227456","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T13:45:35","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recharge characteristics of a watercourse aquifer system at Springfield, Ohio","docAbstract":"

An investigation was made of infiltration conditions in the alluvial-filled Mad River valley in the vicinity of the Springfield municipal wells. The study shows that most recharge to the 100-foot thick sand and gravel aquifer is from induced infiltration from the Mad River. Local precipitation and natural, down-valley underflow also are important in sustaining the 14 mgd (million gallons per day) pumping rate.

The investigation was designed to learn more about rates of streambed infiltration. Gaging stations were established at points above and below the well field in the expectation that infiltration losses could be measured directly. The attempt was unsuccessful because infiltration losses proved too small to measure accurately by ordinary stream gaging methods. The investigation has, nevertheless, provided much new data about this important watercourse aquifer system.

Observation-well records covering the 4-year period 1965 through 1968 show that ground-water levels follow an annual cycle, typically rising in the period February through June, when recharge exceeds depletion, and falling during the remainder of the year. The rate of induced stream infiltration is not sufficient to prevent perennial dewatering of the aquifer beneath the streambed. The water table beneath the center of the losing reach ranges in depth from about 17 feet in January to about 6 feet in June in the average year. Bedrock highs beneath the stream, which result in local thinning of the aquifer upstream and downstream from the well field, essentially limit infiltration to a reach about 2½ miles long having an area of approximately 24 acres. During the 7-month depletion period average infiltration is estimated at 9 mgd and during the 5-month accretion period estimated infiltration is 12 mgd. On the basis of these estimates the infiltration rate for the respective periods is 0.37 and 0.50 mgd per acre, or about 0.35 mgd per acre per foot of depth.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03530.x","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water","usgsCitation":"Norris, S., and Eagon, H.B., 1971, Recharge characteristics of a watercourse aquifer system at Springfield, Ohio: Groundwater, v. 9, no. 1, p. 30-41, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03530.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394443,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Springfield","otherGeospatial":"Mad River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.85040283203125,\n 39.97396296240704\n ],\n [\n -83.77444267272949,\n 39.97396296240704\n ],\n [\n -83.77444267272949,\n 40.01308799236397\n ],\n [\n -83.85040283203125,\n 40.01308799236397\n ],\n [\n -83.85040283203125,\n 39.97396296240704\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norris, Stanley E.","contributorId":63844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"Stanley E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagon, Herbert B. Jr.","contributorId":271166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eagon","given":"Herbert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168635,"text":"70168635 - 1971 - Water resources data for Iowa, water year 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T12:42:16","indexId":"70168635","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T13:45:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water resources data for Iowa, water year 1970","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/70168635","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, Water resources data for Iowa, water year 1970, https://doi.org/10.3133/70168635.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Water is vital in the lives of the people and the economy of any area.  In order to utilize this natural resource in the most efficient and beneficial manner, a basic knowledge and understanding of its sources and the occurrence and potential of each source must be gained.  To provide this knowledge, the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Iowa Geological Survey compiled this atlas describing the water resources available for development in an 11-county area in southeast Iowa.  The report contains information on the availability, quality, and utilization of water from all known sources and the future demands upon the water resources in southeast Iowa.  The information is presented to aid water users and other persons searching for and evaluating sources of water in a particular place, and planners and water managers who must consider water resources on a regional basis.

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No abstract available.

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