The investigation of a river delta and the heads of several nearby submarine canyons in western Mexico produced evidence for rapid changes in the configuration and depth of the nearshore portions of canyon tributaries. General scarcity of data on the rates of submarine canyon formation and the relationship to river discharge should make these results of special interest.
The Rio Balsas, one of Mexico's largest rivers, empties into the ocean near the heads of a large submarine canyon that terminates in the Middle America Trench. One of the distributaries of the Rio Balsas presently is discharging at the head of Cañón de la Necesidad, which is being eroded actively. Two inactive canyons are related to former discharge channels of the river. Their heads lie at some distance from shore and are being filled with sediment. The Cañón de Petacalco, not now receiving sediment directly from a Rio Balsas distributary, has remained active because the shoreline has not retreated far. Until about 100 years ago its head was being filled with fine-grained and highly organic sediments from a nearby rivermouth, while the coarse portion of the sediment supply joined the canyon via a tributary farther seaward. Since then the river has shifted away from this canyon, and the horizontally stratified sediments in the canyon head have been incised as much as 20–30 m, as evidenced by three 14C dates of organic material exposed in the steep to overhanging canyon walls.
The changes in the shallow portion of the Rio Balsas submarine canyons seem to be related to changes in river discharge pattern, either directly or indirectly. A shifting point source of sediment supply either activates a pre-existing, partly filled canyon, or erodes a new one near the new river mouth, whereas the canyon at the abandoned river mouth is deactivated following retreat of the shoreline.
The heads of the different tributaries form a dendritic pattern in Holocene unconsolidated sediment. Subaerial processes are not involved in the formation of these submarine canyons. Thus, a dendritic pattern of submarine canyons is not necessarily indicative of subaerial erosion.
A detailed bathymetric study of Astoria Canyon and Astoria Fan provides a model for typical submarine canyon-fan systems. The present canyon head is 9 miles (17 km) west of the Columbia River mouth but buried Pleistocene channels appear to have connected the two features in the past. The canyon, which is distinguished by its relief, V-shaped profiles, and numerous tributaries, winds sinuously and is coincident with apparent structural trends across the continental shelf and slope. At the fan apex, the canyon mouth merges smoothly into Astoria Channel, which is characterized by its U-shaped profiles, lower walls of even height, and levee development. Astoria Channel and the fan valley at the base of the continental slope are the most recently active of a series of main fan valleys that appear to have: (1) progressively “hooked left”; (2) migrated from north to south across the fan during its formation; and (3) been partly responsible for the asymmetrical shape of the fan. The deep, narrow upper fan valleys that characterize the steep (> 1:100, or 0°35′) and rough (10–30 fathoms, or 18–55 m) upper fan surface break into distributaries on the middle fan, where there is the sharpest change in gradient. The main valleys become broader and shallower down the fan, while the generally concave fan surface grades to nearly a flat seafloor (to gradients < 1:1000, or 0°0.5′), (< 10 fathoms, or 18 m relief).
Similarity of Astoria Canyon-Fan system with other deep-sea fan and alluvial fan systems, suggests the hypothesis that size of drainage basin, sediment size, and sediment load control the size, gradient, and valley development of any fan system. Data from bathymetry, seismic refraction stations, and sediment load of the Columbia River indicate that the cutting of Astoria Canyon and the deposition of the unconsolidated sediment layer forming Astoria Fan could have been accomplished during the Pleistocene. A similar history can be suggested for other major submarine canyon-fan systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(70)90047-2","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Nelson, C., Carlson, P., Byrne, J., and Alpha, T.R., 1970, Development of the Astoria Canyon-Fan physiography and comparison with similar systems: Marine Geology, v. 8, no. 3-4, p. 259-291, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(70)90047-2.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"291","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219362,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Astoria Canyon, Astoria Fan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.89139364833369,\n 45.61941840485443\n ],\n [\n -121.89139364833369,\n 44.27741061960609\n ],\n [\n -119.62339339391065,\n 44.27741061960609\n ],\n [\n -119.62339339391065,\n 45.61941840485443\n ],\n [\n -121.89139364833369,\n 45.61941840485443\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0067e4b0c8380cd4f74e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, C.H.","contributorId":88346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, P.R.","contributorId":97055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byrne, J.V.","contributorId":21684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrne","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alpha, T. R.","contributorId":20715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpha","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70010088,"text":"70010088 - 1970 - The mechanics of stick-slip","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-29T15:40:12.97049","indexId":"70010088","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mechanics of stick-slip","docAbstract":"Physical mechanisms that have been proposed to explain the occurrence of stick-slip motion during frictional sliding have been examined in the light of results obtained from experiments with rocks and brittle minerals. An instability caused by sudden brittle fracture of locked regions on surfaces in contact is the most likely explanation for stick-slip during dry frictional sliding of brittle rocks at room temperature. Areas requiring further study and the uncertainties in applying the results of laboratory experiments to earthquake studies are emphasized.
Ocean-floor dredging and submarine photography in the Revillagigedo region off the west coast of Mexico reveal that the dominant exposed rock of the submarine part of the large island-forming volcanoes (Roca Partida and San Benedicto) is a uniform alkali pillow basalt; more siliceous rocks are exposed on the upper, subaerial parts of the volcanoes. Basalts dredged from smaller seamounts along the Clarion fracture zone south of the Revillagigedo Islands are tholeiitic pillow basalts. Pillows of alkali basalts are more vesicular than Hawaiian tholeiitic pillows collected from the same depths. This difference probably reflects a higher original volatile content of the alkali basalts.
Manganese-iron oxide nodules common in several dredge hauls generally contain nucleii of rhyolitic pumice or basalt pillow fragments. The pumice floated to its present site from subaerial eruptions, became waterlogged and sank, and was then coated with manganese-iron oxides. The thickness of palagonite rinds on the glassy pillow fragments is proportional to the thickness of manganese-iron oxide layers, and both are a measure of the age of the nodule. Both oldest basalts (10–100 m.y.) and youngest (less than 1 m.y.) are along the Clarion fracture zone, whereas basalts from Roca Partida and San Benedicto volcanoes are of intermediate age.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(70)90022-8","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Moore, J., 1970, Submarine basalt from the Revillagigedo Islands region, Mexico: Marine Geology, v. 9, no. 5, p. 331-345, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(70)90022-8.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"345","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218761,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 22.268764039073968\n ],\n [\n -105.2490234375,\n 22.268764039073968\n ],\n [\n -105.2490234375,\n 24.84656534821976\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 24.84656534821976\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 22.268764039073968\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d1fe4b08c986b31d65a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, J.G.","contributorId":67496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010227,"text":"70010227 - 1970 - Use of LiBO2 flux for K-Ar dating","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-14T13:32:51.417189","indexId":"70010227","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3517,"text":"Talanta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Use of LiBO2 flux for K-Ar dating","title":"Use of LiBO2 flux for K-Ar dating","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0039-9140(70)80168-0","issn":"00399140","usgsCitation":"Engels, J.C., and Inamells, C., 1970, Use of LiBO2 flux for K-Ar dating: Talanta, v. 17, no. 8, p. 783-784, https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(70)80168-0.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"783","endPage":"784","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219293,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe7de4b08c986b3295f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engels, J. C.","contributorId":92246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engels","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Inamells, C.O.","contributorId":63525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inamells","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010240,"text":"70010240 - 1970 - Determination of iridium in mafic rocks by atomic absorption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-13T16:34:56.26991","indexId":"70010240","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3517,"text":"Talanta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of iridium in mafic rocks by atomic absorption","docAbstract":"Iridium is determined in mineralized mafic rocks by atomic absorption after fire-assay concentration into a gold bead. Interelement interferences in the atomic-absorption determination are removed and Ir sensitivity is increased by buffering the solutions with a mixture of copper and sodium sulphates. Substantial amounts of Ag, Al, Au, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Ho, Hg, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Te, Ti, V, Y, Zn and platinum metals can be tolerated in the atomic-absorption determination. The sensitivity and detection limits are 3.2 and 0.25 ppm of Ir, respectively.
Surface-water records for the 1969 water year for gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites within the State of Idaho are given in this report and their locations shown in figures 2 and 3. Records for a few selected gaging stations in bordering States also are included. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, under the direction of W. L. Burnham, district chief, Water Resources Division.
Through September 30, 1960, the records of discharge and stage of streams and contents and stage of lakes or reservoirs were published in an annual series of U.S. Geological Survey water-supply papers entitled \"Surface Water Supply of the United States.\" Since 1951 there have been 20 volumes in the series; each volume covered an area whose boundaries coincided with those of certain natural drainage areas. The records in Idaho were contained in Parts 10, 12, and 13 of that series.
Beginning with the 1961 water year, streamflow records and related data have been released by the Geological Survey in annual reports on a State-boundary basis. Distribution of these basic-data reports is limited and primarily for local needs. Records will be published in Geological Survey water-supply papers at 5-year intervals. These 5-year water-supply papers will show daily discharge and will be compiled on the same geographical areas previously used for the annual series; however, some of the 14 parts of conterminous United States will be further subdivided.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrID691","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Idaho and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Water resources data for Idaho, water year 1969: Part 1. Surface water records: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report ID-69-1, ix, 299 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrID691.","productDescription":"ix, 299 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486229,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1969/id-69-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":486442,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1969/id-69-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-111.044156,43.020052],[-111.046689,42.001567],[-112.173352,41.996568],[-112.192976,42.001167],[-112.709375,42.000309],[-113.249159,41.996203],[-113.893261,41.988057],[-114.041723,41.99372],[-114.598267,41.994511],[-114.831077,42.002207],[-115.031783,41.996008],[-115.870181,41.996766],[-115.98688,41.998534],[-116.368478,41.996281],[-117.009255,41.998127],[-117.026222,42.000252],[-117.026871,43.832479],[-117.01077,43.862269],[-116.997391,43.864874],[-116.991415,43.863864],[-116.982347,43.86884],[-116.976024,43.895548],[-116.977332,43.905812],[-116.963666,43.921363],[-116.96247,43.928336],[-116.963666,43.952644],[-116.970241,43.958622],[-116.971436,43.964998],[-116.969842,43.967588],[-116.957527,43.972443],[-116.942944,43.987512],[-116.934485,44.021249],[-116.937342,44.029376],[-116.943361,44.035645],[-116.972504,44.048771],[-116.977351,44.085364],[-116.967203,44.090936],[-116.943132,44.09406],[-116.933704,44.100039],[-116.895931,44.154295],[-116.894083,44.160191],[-116.895757,44.171267],[-116.900103,44.176851],[-116.925392,44.191544],[-116.935443,44.193962],[-116.947591,44.191264],[-116.965498,44.194126],[-116.971675,44.197256],[-116.973945,44.225932],[-116.971958,44.235677],[-116.975905,44.242844],[-116.98687,44.245477],[-117.016921,44.245391],[-117.031862,44.248635],[-117.042283,44.242775],[-117.047062,44.229742],[-117.05303,44.229076],[-117.067284,44.24401],[-117.089503,44.258234],[-117.09457,44.270978],[-117.104208,44.27994],[-117.111617,44.280667],[-117.121037,44.277585],[-117.130904,44.269453],[-117.133984,44.262972],[-117.143394,44.258262],[-117.170342,44.25889],[-117.198147,44.273828],[-117.216974,44.288357],[-117.222647,44.297578],[-117.216795,44.308236],[-117.203323,44.313024],[-117.192203,44.32863],[-117.189769,44.336585],[-117.197339,44.347406],[-117.235117,44.373853],[-117.243027,44.390974],[-117.242675,44.396548],[-117.22698,44.405583],[-117.215072,44.427162],[-117.215573,44.453746],[-117.225758,44.477223],[-117.225076,44.482346],[-117.216372,44.48616],[-117.208936,44.485661],[-117.200237,44.492027],[-117.192494,44.503272],[-117.189759,44.513385],[-117.181583,44.52296],[-117.161033,44.525166],[-117.149242,44.536151],[-117.144161,44.545647],[-117.14293,44.557236],[-117.148255,44.564371],[-117.146032,44.568603],[-117.133963,44.57524],[-117.124754,44.583834],[-117.125267,44.593818],[-117.120522,44.614658],[-117.114754,44.624883],[-117.108231,44.62711],[-117.098221,44.640689],[-117.094968,44.652011],[-117.095868,44.664737],[-117.080772,44.684161],[-117.07912,44.692175],[-117.072221,44.700517],[-117.063824,44.703623],[-117.061799,44.706654],[-117.060454,44.721668],[-117.062273,44.727143],[-117.044217,44.74514],[-117.03827,44.748179],[-117.013802,44.756841],[-116.998903,44.756382],[-116.986502,44.762381],[-116.970902,44.773881],[-116.949001,44.777981],[-116.9347,44.783881],[-116.9307,44.789881],[-116.933799,44.796781],[-116.931099,44.804781],[-116.920498,44.81438],[-116.896249,44.84833],[-116.865338,44.870599],[-116.852427,44.887577],[-116.838467,44.923601],[-116.83199,44.933007],[-116.835702,44.940633],[-116.850737,44.958113],[-116.858313,44.978761],[-116.856754,44.984298],[-116.844625,45.001435],[-116.844796,45.015312],[-116.848037,45.021728],[-116.841314,45.030907],[-116.825133,45.03784],[-116.797329,45.060267],[-116.78371,45.076972],[-116.783537,45.093605],[-116.774847,45.105536],[-116.754643,45.113972],[-116.729607,45.142091],[-116.724188,45.162924],[-116.724205,45.171501],[-116.709536,45.203015],[-116.70975,45.217243],[-116.703607,45.239757],[-116.691388,45.263739],[-116.674493,45.276349],[-116.672163,45.288938],[-116.673793,45.321511],[-116.619057,45.39821],[-116.597447,45.41277],[-116.588195,45.44292],[-116.563985,45.460169],[-116.554829,45.46293],[-116.55498,45.472801],[-116.558803,45.480076],[-116.548676,45.510385],[-116.535482,45.525079],[-116.523638,45.54661],[-116.502756,45.566608],[-116.481943,45.577898],[-116.463635,45.602785],[-116.463504,45.615785],[-116.469813,45.620604],[-116.487894,45.649769],[-116.523961,45.677639],[-116.535396,45.691734],[-116.538014,45.714929],[-116.535698,45.734231],[-116.546643,45.750972],[-116.559444,45.755189],[-116.593004,45.778541],[-116.632032,45.784979],[-116.646342,45.779815],[-116.665344,45.781998],[-116.680139,45.79359],[-116.697192,45.820135],[-116.711822,45.826267],[-116.736268,45.826179],[-116.759787,45.816167],[-116.782676,45.825376],[-116.789066,45.833471],[-116.787792,45.844267],[-116.796051,45.858473],[-116.814142,45.877551],[-116.84355,45.892273],[-116.859795,45.907264],[-116.869655,45.923799],[-116.875706,45.945008],[-116.886843,45.958617],[-116.892935,45.974396],[-116.911409,45.988912],[-116.91718,45.996575],[-116.923005,46.018293],[-116.942656,46.061],[-116.957372,46.075449],[-116.978938,46.080007],[-116.981962,46.084915],[-116.982498,46.091347],[-116.978823,46.095731],[-116.959548,46.099058],[-116.955263,46.102237],[-116.951265,46.111161],[-116.950276,46.123464],[-116.922648,46.160744],[-116.92187,46.167808],[-116.965841,46.203417],[-116.96613,46.209453],[-116.956031,46.225976],[-116.955264,46.23088],[-116.966742,46.256923],[-116.991134,46.276342],[-116.990894,46.280372],[-116.98491,46.289738],[-116.986688,46.296662],[-116.99726,46.303151],[-117.007486,46.305302],[-117.020663,46.314793],[-117.022939,46.320175],[-117.023844,46.335976],[-117.030672,46.340315],[-117.055983,46.345531],[-117.06263,46.352522],[-117.062785,46.365287],[-117.046915,46.379577],[-117.035545,46.410012],[-117.034696,46.418318],[-117.039813,46.425425],[-117.039945,47.477823],[-117.042657,47.760857],[-117.041107,48.124904],[-117.035178,48.370878],[-117.032351,48.999188],[-116.049193,49.000912],[-116.04885,47.977186],[-116.03834,47.971318],[-116.030751,47.973349],[-115.998236,47.938779],[-115.993678,47.926183],[-115.982791,47.915994],[-115.969076,47.914256],[-115.959946,47.898142],[-115.939993,47.883153],[-115.919291,47.857406],[-115.906409,47.846261],[-115.900934,47.843064],[-115.881522,47.849672],[-115.870861,47.834939],[-115.852291,47.827991],[-115.845474,47.814967],[-115.848509,47.809331],[-115.847487,47.785227],[-115.84044,47.780172],[-115.837438,47.774846],[-115.835069,47.77006],[-115.835365,47.760957],[-115.831755,47.755785],[-115.824597,47.752154],[-115.803917,47.75848],[-115.797299,47.75752],[-115.780441,47.743447],[-115.783504,47.729305],[-115.776219,47.719818],[-115.77177,47.717412],[-115.758623,47.719041],[-115.752349,47.716743],[-115.730764,47.704426],[-115.72377,47.696671],[-115.726613,47.672093],[-115.73627,47.654762],[-115.72993,47.642442],[-115.708537,47.635356],[-115.694284,47.62346],[-115.689404,47.595402],[-115.706473,47.577299],[-115.721207,47.576323],[-115.734674,47.567401],[-115.746945,47.555293],[-115.747263,47.543197],[-115.741371,47.538645],[-115.71034,47.52951],[-115.708748,47.51264],[-115.694106,47.498634],[-115.686704,47.485596],[-115.653044,47.476035],[-115.654318,47.468077],[-115.663867,47.456936],[-115.671188,47.45439],[-115.69293,47.457237],[-115.718247,47.45316],[-115.728801,47.445159],[-115.731348,47.433381],[-115.728801,47.428925],[-115.718934,47.420967],[-115.69057,47.415059],[-115.657681,47.400651],[-115.648479,47.390293],[-115.644341,47.381826],[-115.639186,47.378605],[-115.617247,47.382521],[-115.578619,47.367007],[-115.570887,47.356375],[-115.551079,47.349856],[-115.548658,47.332213],[-115.531971,47.314121],[-115.526751,47.303219],[-115.51186,47.295219],[-115.487314,47.286518],[-115.470959,47.284873],[-115.457077,47.277794],[-115.428359,47.278722],[-115.410685,47.264228],[-115.371825,47.265213],[-115.3593,47.259461],[-115.339201,47.261623],[-115.326903,47.255912],[-115.324832,47.244841],[-115.317124,47.233305],[-115.298794,47.225245],[-115.294785,47.220914],[-115.29211,47.209861],[-115.300805,47.19393],[-115.300504,47.188139],[-115.286353,47.18327],[-115.261885,47.181742],[-115.255786,47.174725],[-115.255146,47.162876],[-115.243707,47.150347],[-115.223246,47.148974],[-115.200547,47.139154],[-115.189451,47.131032],[-115.172938,47.112881],[-115.170436,47.106265],[-115.140375,47.093013],[-115.136671,47.078276],[-115.120917,47.061237],[-115.107132,47.049041],[-115.102681,47.047239],[-115.098136,47.048897],[-115.087806,47.045519],[-115.071254,47.022083],[-115.066223,46.996375],[-115.057098,46.986758],[-115.049538,46.970774],[-115.031651,46.971548],[-115.028386,46.975659],[-115.001274,46.971901],[-115.00091,46.967703],[-114.986539,46.952099],[-114.960597,46.93001],[-114.929997,46.919625],[-114.927948,46.909948],[-114.936805,46.897378],[-114.931058,46.882108],[-114.931608,46.876799],[-114.938713,46.869021],[-114.943281,46.867971],[-114.947413,46.859324],[-114.940398,46.85605],[-114.928615,46.854815],[-114.92349,46.847594],[-114.92845,46.843242],[-114.927837,46.83599],[-114.920459,46.827697],[-114.904505,46.822851],[-114.897857,46.813184],[-114.888146,46.808573],[-114.880588,46.811791],[-114.864342,46.813858],[-114.861376,46.81196],[-114.860067,46.804988],[-114.856874,46.801633],[-114.835917,46.791111],[-114.829117,46.782503],[-114.808587,46.78235],[-114.79004,46.778729],[-114.765106,46.758153],[-114.76718,46.738828],[-114.773765,46.731805],[-114.779668,46.730411],[-114.788656,46.714033],[-114.76689,46.696901],[-114.751921,46.697207],[-114.740115,46.711771],[-114.713516,46.715138],[-114.699008,46.740223],[-114.696656,46.740572],[-114.649388,46.73289],[-114.632954,46.715495],[-114.620859,46.707415],[-114.623198,46.691511],[-114.631898,46.68397],[-114.641745,46.679286],[-114.642713,46.673145],[-114.635713,46.659375],[-114.621483,46.658143],[-114.614716,46.655256],[-114.611676,46.647704],[-114.616354,46.643646],[-114.615036,46.639733],[-114.593292,46.632848],[-114.583385,46.633227],[-114.561582,46.642043],[-114.547321,46.644485],[-114.498007,46.637655],[-114.486218,46.632829],[-114.466902,46.631695],[-114.45425,46.640974],[-114.453239,46.649266],[-114.424424,46.660648],[-114.410907,46.657466],[-114.394514,46.664846],[-114.360709,46.669059],[-114.332887,46.660756],[-114.32456,46.653579],[-114.320665,46.646963],[-114.322912,46.642938],[-114.322519,46.611066],[-114.333931,46.592162],[-114.334992,46.588154],[-114.331338,46.577781],[-114.33175,46.571914],[-114.339533,46.564039],[-114.348733,46.533792],[-114.349208,46.529514],[-114.342072,46.519679],[-114.351655,46.508119],[-114.35874,46.505306],[-114.375348,46.501855],[-114.385871,46.50437],[-114.395204,46.503148],[-114.400257,46.502143],[-114.403019,46.498675],[-114.400068,46.47718],[-114.394447,46.469549],[-114.383051,46.466402],[-114.379338,46.460166],[-114.376413,46.442983],[-114.384756,46.411784],[-114.408974,46.400438],[-114.422458,46.387097],[-114.411592,46.366688],[-114.410682,46.360673],[-114.413758,46.335945],[-114.433478,46.305502],[-114.425587,46.287899],[-114.427309,46.283624],[-114.441326,46.2738],[-114.453257,46.270939],[-114.465024,46.273127],[-114.470479,46.26732],[-114.468254,46.248796],[-114.451912,46.241253],[-114.449819,46.237119],[-114.443215,46.202943],[-114.445928,46.173933],[-114.478333,46.160876],[-114.489254,46.167684],[-114.514706,46.167726],[-114.527096,46.146218],[-114.5213,46.125287],[-114.488303,46.113106],[-114.474415,46.112515],[-114.460049,46.097104],[-114.461864,46.078571],[-114.468529,46.062484],[-114.492153,46.04729],[-114.494683,46.042546],[-114.493418,46.03717],[-114.490572,46.032427],[-114.480241,46.030325],[-114.473811,46.016614],[-114.477922,46.009025],[-114.47729,46.000802],[-114.470965,45.995742],[-114.425843,45.984984],[-114.411892,45.977883],[-114.409353,45.97141],[-114.403712,45.967049],[-114.402261,45.961489],[-114.404708,45.9559],[-114.423681,45.9441],[-114.431328,45.938023],[-114.431159,45.935737],[-114.413168,45.911479],[-114.404314,45.903497],[-114.395059,45.901458],[-114.387166,45.889164],[-114.388243,45.88234],[-114.409477,45.85164],[-114.44868,45.858891],[-114.470296,45.851343],[-114.498809,45.850676],[-114.509303,45.845531],[-114.517143,45.835993],[-114.512973,45.828825],[-114.544692,45.791447],[-114.555487,45.786249],[-114.566172,45.773864],[-114.535634,45.739095],[-114.504869,45.722176],[-114.495421,45.703321],[-114.499637,45.669035],[-114.507645,45.658949],[-114.522142,45.64934],[-114.529678,45.65232],[-114.53577,45.650613],[-114.563652,45.637412],[-114.563305,45.631612],[-114.553937,45.619299],[-114.544905,45.616673],[-114.538132,45.606834],[-114.558253,45.585104],[-114.559038,45.565706],[-114.549508,45.56059],[-114.526075,45.570771],[-114.517761,45.568129],[-114.498176,45.555473],[-114.473759,45.563278],[-114.460542,45.561283],[-114.456764,45.543983],[-114.438991,45.536076],[-114.415804,45.509753],[-114.388618,45.502903],[-114.36852,45.492716],[-114.36562,45.490416],[-114.360719,45.474116],[-114.345019,45.459916],[-114.333218,45.459316],[-114.279217,45.480616],[-114.270717,45.486116],[-114.261616,45.495816],[-114.247824,45.524283],[-114.248183,45.533226],[-114.251836,45.537812],[-114.248121,45.545877],[-114.227942,45.546423],[-114.203665,45.53557],[-114.192802,45.536596],[-114.180043,45.551432],[-114.154837,45.552916],[-114.135249,45.557465],[-114.129099,45.565491],[-114.131469,45.574444],[-114.122322,45.58426],[-114.100308,45.586354],[-114.086584,45.59118],[-114.0821,45.596958],[-114.08179,45.611329],[-114.067619,45.627706],[-114.033456,45.648629],[-114.018731,45.648616],[-114.014973,45.654008],[-114.013786,45.658238],[-114.02007,45.670332],[-114.019315,45.692937],[-114.015633,45.696127],[-113.986656,45.704564],[-113.971565,45.700636],[-113.93422,45.682232],[-113.930403,45.671878],[-113.919752,45.658536],[-113.900588,45.648259],[-113.898883,45.644167],[-113.902539,45.636945],[-113.904691,45.622007],[-113.886006,45.61702],[-113.861404,45.62366],[-113.823068,45.612486],[-113.806729,45.602146],[-113.802955,45.592631],[-113.803261,45.584193],[-113.804796,45.580358],[-113.819868,45.566326],[-113.834555,45.520729],[-113.809144,45.519908],[-113.796579,45.523462],[-113.778361,45.523415],[-113.766022,45.520621],[-113.759986,45.480735],[-113.78416,45.454946],[-113.764591,45.431403],[-113.763368,45.427732],[-113.768058,45.418147],[-113.765203,45.410601],[-113.733092,45.390173],[-113.73553,45.364738],[-113.7402,45.34559],[-113.738729,45.329741],[-113.689359,45.28355],[-113.688077,45.276407],[-113.691557,45.270912],[-113.692039,45.265191],[-113.684946,45.253706],[-113.678749,45.24927],[-113.665633,45.246265],[-113.657027,45.241436],[-113.650064,45.23471],[-113.636889,45.212983],[-113.599506,45.191114],[-113.589891,45.176986],[-113.594632,45.166034],[-113.57467,45.128411],[-113.554744,45.112901],[-113.513342,45.115225],[-113.506638,45.107288],[-113.510819,45.099902],[-113.520134,45.093033],[-113.485278,45.063519],[-113.47377,45.0617],[-113.460578,45.064879],[-113.45197,45.059247],[-113.44912,45.046098],[-113.449909,45.035167],[-113.437726,45.006967],[-113.446884,44.998545],[-113.443782,44.95989],[-113.448958,44.953544],[-113.467467,44.948061],[-113.480836,44.95031],[-113.494446,44.948597],[-113.498745,44.942314],[-113.491121,44.927548],[-113.474573,44.910846],[-113.455071,44.865424],[-113.422376,44.842595],[-113.377153,44.834858],[-113.356062,44.819798],[-113.3461,44.800611],[-113.354763,44.795468],[-113.354034,44.791745],[-113.341704,44.784853],[-113.301508,44.798985],[-113.278382,44.812706],[-113.247166,44.82295],[-113.238729,44.814144],[-113.209624,44.80907],[-113.19436,44.802151],[-113.183395,44.793565],[-113.179366,44.787142],[-113.163806,44.778921],[-113.158206,44.780847],[-113.131453,44.772837],[-113.131387,44.764738],[-113.137704,44.760109],[-113.134824,44.752763],[-113.102138,44.729027],[-113.101154,44.708578],[-113.098064,44.697477],[-113.081906,44.691392],[-113.06776,44.679474],[-113.067756,44.672807],[-113.07042,44.667844],[-113.068306,44.656374],[-113.065589,44.649371],[-113.051504,44.63695],[-113.049349,44.62938],[-113.053529,44.621187],[-113.07376,44.613928],[-113.083819,44.60222],[-113.061071,44.577329],[-113.042363,44.565237],[-113.04282,44.546757],[-113.019777,44.528505],[-113.020917,44.493827],[-113.003544,44.450814],[-112.981682,44.434279],[-112.951146,44.416699],[-112.915602,44.402699],[-112.886041,44.395874],[-112.881769,44.380315],[-112.855395,44.359975],[-112.844859,44.358221],[-112.820489,44.370946],[-112.81324,44.378103],[-112.812608,44.392275],[-112.821896,44.407436],[-112.836034,44.422653],[-112.828191,44.442472],[-112.797863,44.466112],[-112.781294,44.484888],[-112.749011,44.491233],[-112.735084,44.499159],[-112.71911,44.504344],[-112.707815,44.503023],[-112.671169,44.491265],[-112.660696,44.485756],[-112.601863,44.491015],[-112.584197,44.481368],[-112.573513,44.480983],[-112.550557,44.484928],[-112.541989,44.483971],[-112.518871,44.475784],[-112.512036,44.47042],[-112.511713,44.466445],[-112.50031,44.463051],[-112.473207,44.480027],[-112.460347,44.47571],[-112.435342,44.462216],[-112.387389,44.448058],[-112.368764,44.467153],[-112.358926,44.48628],[-112.3566,44.493127],[-112.358917,44.528847],[-112.35421,44.535638],[-112.348794,44.538691],[-112.319198,44.53911],[-112.315008,44.5419],[-112.315047,44.550049],[-112.312899,44.553536],[-112.286187,44.568472],[-112.242785,44.568091],[-112.230117,44.562759],[-112.226841,44.555239],[-112.229477,44.549494],[-112.221698,44.543519],[-112.183937,44.533067],[-112.179703,44.533021],[-112.164597,44.541666],[-112.136454,44.539911],[-112.129078,44.5363],[-112.125101,44.528527],[-112.106755,44.520829],[-112.096299,44.523212],[-112.093304,44.530002],[-112.069011,44.537104],[-112.036943,44.530323],[-112.032707,44.546642],[-111.995231,44.535444],[-111.980833,44.536682],[-111.951522,44.550062],[-111.947941,44.556776],[-111.903566,44.55723],[-111.887852,44.563413],[-111.870504,44.564033],[-111.849293,44.539837],[-111.842542,44.526069],[-111.821488,44.509286],[-111.807914,44.511716],[-111.806512,44.516264],[-111.761904,44.529841],[-111.758966,44.533766],[-111.746401,44.540766],[-111.737191,44.54306],[-111.715474,44.543543],[-111.704218,44.560205],[-111.681571,44.559864],[-111.614405,44.548991],[-111.585763,44.562843],[-111.562814,44.555209],[-111.546637,44.557099],[-111.518095,44.544177],[-111.500792,44.540062],[-111.471682,44.540824],[-111.467736,44.544521],[-111.469185,44.552044],[-111.492024,44.56081],[-111.519126,44.582916],[-111.525764,44.604883],[-111.50494,44.635746],[-111.473178,44.665479],[-111.468833,44.679335],[-111.47798,44.682393],[-111.484898,44.687578],[-111.490228,44.700221],[-111.489339,44.704946],[-111.486019,44.707654],[-111.438793,44.720546],[-111.429604,44.720149],[-111.424214,44.714024],[-111.414271,44.710741],[-111.398575,44.723343],[-111.394459,44.744578],[-111.397805,44.746738],[-111.393854,44.752549],[-111.385005,44.755128],[-111.37476,44.750295],[-111.36627,44.742234],[-111.366723,44.738361],[-111.355768,44.727602],[-111.348184,44.725459],[-111.341351,44.7293],[-111.323669,44.724474],[-111.29626,44.702271],[-111.26875,44.668279],[-111.276956,44.655626],[-111.262839,44.649658],[-111.25268,44.651092],[-111.224161,44.623402],[-111.231227,44.606915],[-111.23018,44.587025],[-111.225208,44.581006],[-111.189617,44.571062],[-111.182551,44.566874],[-111.175747,44.552219],[-111.166892,44.54722],[-111.15959,44.546376],[-111.143557,44.535732],[-111.139455,44.517112],[-111.131379,44.499925],[-111.122654,44.493659],[-111.062729,44.476073],[-111.048974,44.474072],[-111.049077,44.020072],[-111.046515,43.908376],[-111.044156,43.020052]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Idaho\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":210377,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":937954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4684,"text":"twri03C2_1970 - 1970 - Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":4684,"text":"twri03C2_1970 - 1970 - Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment","indexId":"twri03C2_1970","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4680,"text":"twri03C2 - 1999 - Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment","indexId":"twri03C2","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":4680,"text":"twri03C2 - 1999 - Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment","indexId":"twri03C2","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"twri03C2_1970","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"03-C2","title":"Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/twri03C2_1970","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Guy, H., and Norman, V.W., 1970, Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment (1970): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 03-C2, vi, 59 p. :ill. ;26 cm. Reprinted in 1982., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri03C2_1970.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p. :ill. ;26 cm. Reprinted in 1982.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94735,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/03c02-1970/report.pdf","size":"11967","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/03c02-1970/report-thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"1970","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f56cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guy, Harold P.","contributorId":6434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Harold P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norman, Vernon W.","contributorId":22325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":67169,"text":"i571 - 1970 - Geologic map of the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:11","indexId":"i571","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"571","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Geologic map of the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i571","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.L., Bailey, R., and Ross, C.S., 1970, Geologic map of the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 571, 1 map :col. ;79 x 67 cm. on sheet 100 x 129 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i571.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;79 x 67 cm. on sheet 100 x 129 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106842,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9357.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9357"},{"id":189984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14263,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://store.usgs.gov/b2c_usgs/b2c/usgs/netfile?file=//igskahcigssap05/MOD/StoreFiles/PDF/I-0571_Geologic_Map_of_the_Jemez_Mountains_NM_125K_1970.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107,35.25 ], [ -107,36.25 ], [ -106,36.25 ], [ -106,35.25 ], [ -107,35.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69783f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":275702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, R. A.","contributorId":87531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ross, C. S.","contributorId":18337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":12705,"text":"ofr7029 - 1970 - Geology of the Bushrod Island-New Georgia clay deposit near Monrovia, Liberia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T19:28:37.396536","indexId":"ofr7029","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T09:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-29","title":"Geology of the Bushrod Island-New Georgia clay deposit near Monrovia, Liberia","docAbstract":"The Bushrod Island-New Georgia clay deposit near Monrovia, Liberia, consisted of interlensing clay and very fine to fine quartz sand; it was deposited in elongate subparallel troughs that had been eroded in coarse-grained sediments. The troughs are interpreted as abandoned stream channels on a former delta of the St. Paul River. The clay of the deposit is essentially a quartz-rich kaolinitic clay that has undergone sufficient weathering in the upper part of the deposit to redistribute iron and alumina.
The clay may be divided into three groups: an iron-rich group (A) in which total iron expressed as Fe2O3 averages 6.5 percent and ranges from 4.4 to 9.2 percent, a group (B) relatively lower in iron in which total iron expressed as Fe2O3 averages 2.7 percent and ranges from 1.6 to 7.4 percent, and a group (C) high in both organic material and iron in which total iron expressed as Fe2O3 averages 3.9 percent and ranges from 3.3 to 4.9 percent.
Potential indicated reserves for the three groups are estimated at 1,800,000, 5,300,000, and 470,000 tons, respectively.
Tests of the physical properties of the raw and fired clay indicate the clay is suitable for the following commercial uses: building brick, hollow tile, drain tile, roofing tile, quarry tile, flower pots, porous earthenware, low to intermediate duty refractory products, and probably stoneware and small diameter sewer pipe.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7029","usgsCitation":"Blade, L.V., 1970, Geology of the Bushrod Island-New Georgia clay deposit near Monrovia, Liberia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-29, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7029.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0029/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":395464,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0029/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Liberia","city":"Monrovia","otherGeospatial":"Bushrod Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -10.809345245361328,\n 6.332189609907789\n ],\n [\n -10.763339996337889,\n 6.332189609907789\n ],\n [\n -10.763339996337889,\n 6.395824732995197\n ],\n [\n -10.809345245361328,\n 6.395824732995197\n ],\n [\n -10.809345245361328,\n 6.332189609907789\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db683294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blade, Lawrence Vernon","contributorId":51748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blade","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"Vernon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2512,"text":"wsp1888 - 1970 - Hydrology of the Upper Malad River basin, southeastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-21T13:44:23","indexId":"wsp1888","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1888","title":"Hydrology of the Upper Malad River basin, southeastern Idaho","docAbstract":"The report area comprises 485 square miles in the Basin and Range physiographic province. It includes most of eastern' Oneida County and parts of Franklin, Bannock, and Power Counties of southeastern Idaho. Relief is about 5,000 feet; the floor of the Malad Valley is at an average altitude of about 4,400 feet. Agriculture is, by far, ,the principal economic .activity. In 1960 the population of the upper Malad River basin was about 3,600, of which about 60 percent resided in Malad City, the county seat of Oneida County. \n\nThe climate is semiarid throughout the Malad Valley and its principal tributary valleys; ,above 6,500 feet the climate is subhumid. Annual precipitation ranges from about 13 inches in the lower Malad Valley to more than 30 inches on the highest peaks of the Bannock and Malad ranges. Owing to ,the normally clear atmospheric conditions, large daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations are common. Topography, distance from the Pacific Ocean, .and the general atmospheric circulation are the principal factors governing the climate of the Malad River basin. The westerlies transport moisture from the P.acific Ocean toward southeastern Idaho. The north-south tren4ing mountains flanking the basin are oriented orthogonally to the moisture flux so that they are very effective in removing precipitable water from the air. A minimum uplift of 6,000 feet is required to transport moisture from the Pacific source region; accordingly, most air masses are desiccated long before they reach the Malad basin. Heaviest precipitation is generally associated with steep pressure gradients in the midtroposphere that are so oriented as to cause a deep landward penetration of moisture from the Pacific Ocean.
\n\nAnnual water yields in the project area range from about 0.8 inch in the, lower Malad Valley to more than 19 inches on the high peaks north and east of Malad City. The mean annual water yield for the entire basin is 4 inches, or about 115,000 acre-feet. Evaporation is greatest in July when about 7 inches is lost from lakes, reservoirs, and waterlogged areas; losses from free-water surfaces may be as much .as 38 inches annually.
\n\nAn extensive ground-water reservoir consisting of sand and gravel interbedded with relatively impermeable beds of silt .and clay underlies much of the Malad Valley. Wells near the center of the valley exceeding 700 feet in depth do not reach bedrock. The Woodruff fault, which transects the constricted lower Malad Valley, is one of the main factors creating artesian conditions south of the latitude of Malad City. Recharge is obtained principally from mountain runoff which flows onto highly permeable alluvial fans surrounding the valley and from streams that flow across the valley floor. On the basis of a water balance analysis, under flow from the project area was estimated to be 28,000 acre-feet annually, surface-water outflow was 51,000 acre-feet, and transbasin imports were about 4,000 acre-feet.
\n\nThe principal tributaries of the Malad River are perennial along their upper and middle reaches and have well-sustained low flows. During the growing season, all surface water entering the Malad Valley is used for irrigation. Spine irrigation is practiced in the principal tributary valleys; however, a shortage of suitable reservoir sites has hampered surface-water development in these areas. The highly porous deposits underlying the Malad Valley tend to attenuate flood peaks. An unusual combination of meteorologic events early in 1962 effectively counteracted the high absorptive capacity of the valley and predisposed the basin to high flood risk. Subsequent rapid snowmelt combined with frozen ground produced the extraordinary flood of February 12, 1962.
\n\nCalcium and bicarbonate commonly are the most abundant ions in the surface waters of the upper Malad River basin. In August 1967, the dissolved-solids content of streamflow ranged from 200 to 350 milligrams per liter in the middle and upper parts of the basin; however, much greater values were measured in the Malad River between Woddruff and Cherry Creek Lane. With the exception of that reach, the surface water of the project area is suitable for irrigating all but the most sensitive crops.
\n\nThe total water yield is not sufficient to meet all the water needs of the basin. A comprehensive water-management plan is required to ensure optimal use of the water resource.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1888","usgsCitation":"Pluhowski, E.J., 1970, Hydrology of the Upper Malad River basin, southeastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1888, v, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1888.","productDescription":"v, 89 p.","numberOfPages":"94","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1888/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28673,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1888/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Upper Malad River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.01638888888888889,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,0.0011111111111111111 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pluhowski, Edward J.","contributorId":87911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pluhowski","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":62074,"text":"a1 - 1970 - Reconnaissance geologic map of the Mount Rabot Quadrangle, Transantarctic mountains, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:45","indexId":"a1","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":305,"text":"Antarctic Map","code":"A","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Reconnaissance geologic map of the Mount Rabot Quadrangle, Transantarctic mountains, Antarctica","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/a1","usgsCitation":"Barrett, P.J., Lindsay, J., and Gunner, J., 1970, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Mount Rabot Quadrangle, Transantarctic mountains, Antarctica: U.S. Geological Survey Antarctic Map 1, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/a1.","productDescription":"1 sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":112498,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://repository.agic.umn.edu/maps/usgs/geologic/a1_mount_rabot/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":248264,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/a/01/report.pdf","size":"49","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":248265,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/a/01/plate-1.pdf","size":"4337","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":253082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/a/01/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 154,-84 ], [ 154,-83 ], [ 165,-83 ], [ 165,-84 ], [ 154,-84 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db641b93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrett, P. J.","contributorId":96347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrett","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindsay, J.F.","contributorId":54666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsay","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gunner, John","contributorId":58345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunner","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":6171,"text":"pp588 - 1970 - Geology and ore deposits of the Picher field, Oklahoma and Kansas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":43808,"text":"ofr5050 - 1950 - Geologic map of the Wyandotte quadrangle, northeastern Oklahoma and southwestern Missouri","indexId":"ofr5050","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Wyandotte quadrangle, northeastern Oklahoma and southwestern Missouri"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6171,"text":"pp588 - 1970 - Geology and ore deposits of the Picher field, Oklahoma and Kansas","indexId":"pp588","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ore deposits of the Picher field, Oklahoma and Kansas"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":55426,"text":"ofr4453 - 1944 - Zinc-lead deposits in part of the Picher field, Ottawa County, Oklahoma, and Cherokee County, Kansas","indexId":"ofr4453","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"title":"Zinc-lead deposits in part of the Picher field, Ottawa County, Oklahoma, and Cherokee County, Kansas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6171,"text":"pp588 - 1970 - Geology and ore deposits of the Picher field, Oklahoma and Kansas","indexId":"pp588","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ore deposits of the Picher field, Oklahoma and Kansas"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:55","indexId":"pp588","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"588","title":"Geology and ore deposits of the Picher field, Oklahoma and Kansas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp588","usgsCitation":"McKnight, E.T., and Fischer, R.P., 1970, Geology and ore deposits of the Picher field, Oklahoma and Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 588, 165 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp588.","productDescription":"165 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104526,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4630.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4630"},{"id":121412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0588/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33290,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0588/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33291,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0588/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33292,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0588/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33293,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0588/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33294,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0588/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33295,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0588/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33296,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0588/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33297,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0588/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33298,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0588/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33299,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0588/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33300,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0588/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33301,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0588/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6843bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Edwin Thor","contributorId":61812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKnight","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"Thor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, Richard Philip","contributorId":94283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Philip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4670,"text":"twri05A1_1970 - 1970 - Methods for collection and analysis of water samples for dissolved minerals and gases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T18:23:38.769076","indexId":"twri05A1_1970","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"05-A1","title":"Methods for collection and analysis of water samples for dissolved minerals and gases","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/twri05A1_1970","usgsCitation":"Brown, E., Skougstad, M.W., and Fishman, M., 1970, Methods for collection and analysis of water samples for dissolved minerals and gases (1st Edition): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 05-A1, vii, 160 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri05A1_1970.","productDescription":"vii, 160 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/twri05A1_1970.PNG"},{"id":296767,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/05a01-1979/report.pdf"}],"edition":"1st Edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a187","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Eugene","contributorId":15187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Eugene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skougstad, Marvin W.","contributorId":65064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skougstad","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fishman, Marvin J.","contributorId":87110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"Marvin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":62791,"text":"gq869 - 1970 - Geologic map of the Villanueva quadrangle, San Miguel County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:51","indexId":"gq869","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"869","title":"Geologic map of the Villanueva quadrangle, San Miguel County, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq869","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R., 1970, Geologic map of the Villanueva quadrangle, San Miguel County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 869, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq869.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":103585,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_2171.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"2171"},{"id":248945,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0869/report.pdf","size":"32","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0869/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"62500","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.5,35.25 ], [ -105.5,35.5 ], [ -105.25,35.5 ], [ -105.25,35.25 ], [ -105.5,35.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a167","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Ross B.","contributorId":96299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ross B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":267864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5679,"text":"pp664 - 1970 - Carbonate facies and the lithostrotionid corals of the Mississippian Kogruk Formation, Delong Mountains, northwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:54","indexId":"pp664","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"664","title":"Carbonate facies and the lithostrotionid corals of the Mississippian Kogruk Formation, Delong Mountains, northwestern Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp664","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, A.K., 1970, Carbonate facies and the lithostrotionid corals of the Mississippian Kogruk Formation, Delong Mountains, northwestern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 664, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp664.","productDescription":"38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0664/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32205,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0664/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0179","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, Augustus K.","contributorId":68282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Augustus","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":62699,"text":"gq881 - 1970 - Surficial geologic map of the Milford quadrangle, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":44111,"text":"ofr67138 - 1967 - Surficial geologic map of the Milford quadrangle, New Hampshire","indexId":"ofr67138","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"Surficial geologic map of the Milford quadrangle, New Hampshire"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":62699,"text":"gq881 - 1970 - Surficial geologic map of the Milford quadrangle, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire","indexId":"gq881","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Surficial geologic map of the Milford quadrangle, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:47","indexId":"gq881","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"881","title":"Surficial geologic map of the Milford quadrangle, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq881","usgsCitation":"Koteff, C., 1970, Surficial geologic map of the Milford quadrangle, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 881, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq881.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":103597,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_2183.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"2183"},{"id":248855,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0881/report.pdf","size":"34","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0881/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"62500","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.75,42.75 ], [ -71.75,43 ], [ -71.5,43 ], [ -71.5,42.75 ], [ -71.75,42.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688ff0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koteff, Carl","contributorId":73172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koteff","given":"Carl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":267748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4706,"text":"twri07C1_1970 - 1970 - A digital model for aquifer evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"twri07C1_1970","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"07-C1","title":"A digital model for aquifer evaluation","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/twri07C1_1970","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Pinder, G.F., 1970, A digital model for aquifer evaluation: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 07-C1, v, 18 p. :ill. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri07C1_1970.","productDescription":"v, 18 p. :ill. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pinder, George Francis","contributorId":99964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinder","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Francis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5998,"text":"pp581E - 1970 - Mineralogy and origin of sediments from drill holes on the continental margin off Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:54","indexId":"pp581E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"581","chapter":"E","title":"Mineralogy and origin of sediments from drill holes on the continental margin off Florida","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp581E","usgsCitation":"Hathaway, J.C., McFarlin, P.F., and Ross, D., 1970, Mineralogy and origin of sediments from drill holes on the continental margin off Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 581, p. E1-E26, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp581E.","productDescription":"p. E1-E26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0581e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32938,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0581e/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32939,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0581e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hathaway, John C.","contributorId":21542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hathaway","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":151942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McFarlin, Peter F.","contributorId":76302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarlin","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ross, David A.","contributorId":87133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":62408,"text":"gq853 - 1970 - Geologic map of the Snowmass Mountain quadrangle, Pitkin and Gunnison Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:42","indexId":"gq853","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"853","title":"Geologic map of the Snowmass Mountain quadrangle, Pitkin and Gunnison Counties, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq853","usgsCitation":"Mutschler, F.E., 1970, Geologic map of the Snowmass Mountain quadrangle, Pitkin and Gunnison Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 853, 1 map :col. ;58 x 45 cm. on sheet 82 x 114 cm. folded to 29 x 22 cm. in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq853.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;58 x 45 cm. on sheet 82 x 114 cm. folded to 29 x 22 cm. in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":103569,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_2155.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"2155"},{"id":248579,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0853/report.pdf","size":"33","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":253723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0853/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.11749999999999,39 ], [ -107.11749999999999,39.1175 ], [ -107,39.1175 ], [ -107,39 ], [ -107.11749999999999,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a71d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mutschler, Felix E.","contributorId":79893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mutschler","given":"Felix","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":267344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":62218,"text":"gq856 - 1970 - Geologic map of the Midway quadrangle, central Kentucky","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":42733,"text":"ofr69210 - 1969 - Preliminary structure map of the Midway Quadrangle, central Kentucky","indexId":"ofr69210","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary structure map of the Midway Quadrangle, central Kentucky"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":62218,"text":"gq856 - 1970 - Geologic map of the Midway quadrangle, central Kentucky","indexId":"gq856","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Midway quadrangle, central Kentucky"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:44","indexId":"gq856","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"856","title":"Geologic map of the Midway quadrangle, central Kentucky","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq856","usgsCitation":"Pomeroy, J.S., 1970, Geologic map of the Midway quadrangle, central Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 856, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq856.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":103572,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_2158.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"2158"},{"id":248402,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0856/report.pdf","size":"33","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":253380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0856/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.75,38.1175 ], [ -84.75,38.25 ], [ -84.61749999999999,38.25 ], [ -84.61749999999999,38.1175 ], [ -84.75,38.1175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696a0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pomeroy, John S.","contributorId":18329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pomeroy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":267090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39568,"text":"pp700D - 1970 - Geological Survey research 1970, Chapter D","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14370,"text":"ofr68153 - 1968 - Potential for potash and other evaporite mineral resources in West Pakistan","indexId":"ofr68153","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"title":"Potential for potash and other evaporite mineral resources in West Pakistan"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39568,"text":"pp700D - 1970 - Geological Survey research 1970, Chapter D","indexId":"pp700D","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geological Survey research 1970, Chapter D"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":16044,"text":"ofr70309 - 1970 - Gold resource potential of the Denali bench gravels, Alaska","indexId":"ofr70309","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Gold resource potential of the Denali bench gravels, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39568,"text":"pp700D - 1970 - Geological Survey research 1970, Chapter D","indexId":"pp700D","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geological Survey research 1970, Chapter D"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":17964,"text":"ofr699 - 1969 - Preliminary geologic interpretation of aeromagnetic data in the Nixon Fork district, Alaska","indexId":"ofr699","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic interpretation of aeromagnetic data in the Nixon Fork district, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39568,"text":"pp700D - 1970 - Geological Survey research 1970, Chapter D","indexId":"pp700D","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geological Survey research 1970, Chapter D"},"id":3}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-22T21:19:22.255746","indexId":"pp700D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"700","chapter":"D","title":"Geological Survey research 1970, Chapter D","docAbstract":"This collection of 45 short papers is the third published chapter of \"Geological Survey Research 1970.\" The papers report on scientific and economic results of current work by members of the Geologic, Water Resources, and Topographic Divisions of the U.S. Geological Survey.
Chapter A, to be published later in the year, will present a summary of significant results of work done in fiscal year 1970, together with lists of investigations in progress, reports published, cooperating agencies, and Geological Survey offices.
\"Geological Survey Research 1970\" is the eleventh volume of the annual series Geological Survey Research. The ten volumes already published are listed below, with their series designations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Survey research 1970","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp700D","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Geological Survey research 1970, Chapter D: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 700, 316 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp700D.","productDescription":"316 p.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421095,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_31082.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":164639,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0700d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":113671,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0700d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687795","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":61932,"text":"gq806 - 1970 - Geologic map of the Healy D-4 quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:29","indexId":"gq806","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"806","title":"Geologic map of the Healy D-4 quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq806","usgsCitation":"Wahraftig, C., 1970, Geologic map of the Healy D-4 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 806, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq806.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":103522,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_2108.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"2108"},{"id":248218,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0806/report.pdf","size":"32","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":253044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0806/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"63360","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -149,63.75 ], [ -149,64 ], [ -148.5,64 ], [ -148.5,63.75 ], [ -149,63.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahraftig, Clyde","contributorId":89968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahraftig","given":"Clyde","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38875,"text":"pp497G - 1970 - Land-surface tilting near Wheeler Ridge, southern San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":42911,"text":"ofr66111 - 1966 - Progress report on the U. S. Geological Survey tiltmeter station near Wheeler Ridge, California","indexId":"ofr66111","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"Progress report on the U. S. Geological Survey tiltmeter station near Wheeler Ridge, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38875,"text":"pp497G - 1970 - Land-surface tilting near Wheeler Ridge, southern San Joaquin Valley, California","indexId":"pp497G","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Land-surface tilting near Wheeler Ridge, southern San Joaquin Valley, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-25T21:29:06.995603","indexId":"pp497G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"497","chapter":"G","title":"Land-surface tilting near Wheeler Ridge, southern San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp497G","usgsCitation":"Riley, F.S., 1970, Land-surface tilting near Wheeler Ridge, southern San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 497, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp497G.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"G1","endPage":"G29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104478,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4512.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4512"},{"id":65875,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0497g/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120294,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0497g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65876,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0497g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"southern San Joaquin Valley, Wheeler Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.175,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -119.175,\n 34.7167\n ],\n [\n -118.8333,\n 34.7167\n ],\n [\n -118.8333,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -119.175,\n 35.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riley, F. S.","contributorId":7701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"F.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":61976,"text":"mr56 - 1970 - Uranium, thorium, and rare-earth elements in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T13:38:52.557702","indexId":"mr56","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":324,"text":"Mineral Investigations Resource Map","code":"MR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"56","title":"Uranium, thorium, and rare-earth elements in Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mr56","usgsCitation":"Cobb, E.H., 1970, Uranium, thorium, and rare-earth elements in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Investigations Resource Map 56, Report: 3 p.; 1 Plate: 49.00 x 37.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mr56.","productDescription":"Report: 3 p.; 1 Plate: 49.00 x 37.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":485794,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/56/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":485630,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_1786.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":260431,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/56/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":179995,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/56/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"2500000","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168.25,52.25 ], [ -168.25,70.11749999999999 ], [ -129.5,70.11749999999999 ], [ -129.5,52.25 ], [ -168.25,52.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60534f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cobb, Edward Huntington","contributorId":13629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobb","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"Huntington","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}