The October 2011 decommissioning of Condit Dam on the White Salmon River at river kilometer (rkm) 5.3 removed a significant fish passage barrier from the White Salmon River basin for the first time in nearly a century. This affords an opportunity to regain a potentially important drainage basin for Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) production. In anticipation of Pacific lamprey recolonization or reintroduction, aquatic resource managers, such as the Yakama Nation (YN), are planning to perform surveys in the White Salmon River and its tributaries. The likely survey objectives will be to investigate the presence of lamprey, habitat conditions, and habitat availability. In preparation for this work, a compilation and review of the relevant aquatic habitat and biological information on the White Salmon River was conducted. References specific to the White Salmon River were collected and an annotated bibliography was produced including reports containing:
\n•Spatial information about where various habitat surveys or monitoring have occurred over the past 20 years;
\n•Database information relevant to habitat attributes (for example, pools, riffles, or glides);
\n•Riparian surveys along major tributary streams;
\n•Water temperature and sediment information;
\n•Lamprey surveys, observations, and collections;
\n•Spawning gravel surveys; and
\n•Surveys that inventory habitat degradation or other environmental factors that may limit potential future productivity of lamprey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Yakama Nation","usgsCitation":"Allen, M.B., 2012, An annotated bibliography for lamprey habitat in the White Salmon River, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1086, iv, 26 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121086.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.; Appendix","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1086.jpg"},{"id":254647,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"White Salmon River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9fbe4b0c8380cd48585","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, M. Brady","contributorId":18874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brady","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70200750,"text":"70200750 - 2012 - Stability of infinite slopes under transient partially saturated seepage conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T15:51:21","indexId":"70200750","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T15:51:12","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stability of infinite slopes under transient partially saturated seepage conditions","docAbstract":"Prediction of the location and timing of rainfall‐induced shallow landslides is desired by organizations responsible for hazard management and warnings. However, hydrologic and mechanical processes in the vadose zone complicate such predictions. Infiltrating rainfall must typically pass through an unsaturated layer before reaching the irregular and usually discontinuous shallow water table. This process is dynamic and a function of precipitation intensity and duration, the initial moisture conditions and hydrologic properties of the hillside materials, and the geometry, stratigraphy, and vegetation of the hillslope. As a result, pore water pressures, volumetric water content, effective stress, and thus the propensity for landsliding vary over seasonal and shorter time scales. We apply a general framework for assessing the stability of infinite slopes under transient variably saturated conditions. The framework includes profiles of pressure head and volumetric water content combined with a general effective stress for slope stability analysis. The general effective stress, or suction stress, provides a means for rigorous quantification of stress changes due to rainfall and infiltration and thus the analysis of slope stability over the range of volumetric water contents and pressure heads relevant to shallow landslide initiation. We present results using an analytical solution for transient infiltration for a range of soil texture and hydrological properties typical of landslide‐prone hillslopes and show the effect of these properties on the timing and depth of slope failure. We follow by analyzing field‐monitoring data acquired prior to shallow landslide failure of a hillside near Seattle, Washington, and show that the timing of the slide was predictable using measured pressure head and volumetric water content and show how the approach can be used in a forward manner using a numerical model for transient infiltration.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2011WR011408","usgsCitation":"Godt, J.W., Şener-Kaya, B., Lu, N., and Baum, R.L., 2012, Stability of infinite slopes under transient partially saturated seepage conditions: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. 5, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011408.","productDescription":"W05505; 14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-036500","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr011408","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358990,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10be73e4b034bf6a7f075b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Şener-Kaya, Başak","contributorId":44445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Şener-Kaya","given":"Başak","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Ning","contributorId":191360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Ning","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12620,"text":"U.S. Army Corp. of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70045767,"text":"70045767 - 2012 - Geologic and environmental characteristics of porphyry copper deposits with emphasis on potential future development in the Bristol Bay Watershed, Alaska (Appendix H)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T20:07:28","indexId":"70045767","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T11:42:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"EPA 910-R-14-001A-C","chapter":"Appendix H","title":"Geologic and environmental characteristics of porphyry copper deposits with emphasis on potential future development in the Bristol Bay Watershed, Alaska (Appendix H)","docAbstract":"This report is prepared in cooperation with the Bristol Bay Watershed Assessment being conducted by the U.S. \nEnvironmental Protection Agency. The goal of the assessment is to help understand how future large-scale \ndevelopment in this watershed may affect water quality and the salmon fishery. Mining has been identified as a \npotential source of future large scale development in the region, especially because of the advanced stage of \nactivity at the Pebble prospect. The goal of this report is to summarize the geologic and environmental \ncharacteristics of porphyry copper deposits in general, largely on the basis of literature review. Data reported in the \nPebble Project Environmental Baseline Document, released by the Pebble Limited Partnership in 2011, are used to \nenhance the relevance of this report to the Bristol Bay watershed. \nThe geologic characteristics of mineral deposits are paramount to determining their geochemical signatures in \nthe environment. The geologic characteristics of mineral deposits are reflected in the mineralogy of the \nmineralization and alteration assemblages; geochemical associations of elements, including the commodities being \nsought; the grade and tonnage of the deposit; the likely mining and ore-processing methods used; the \nenvironmental attributes of the deposit, such as acid-generating and acid-neutralizing potentials of geologic \nmaterials; and the susceptibility of the surrounding ecosystem to various stressors related to the deposit and its \nmining, among other features (Seal and Hammarstrom, 2003). Within the Bristol Bay watershed, or more \nspecifically the Nushagak and Kvichak watersheds, the geologic setting is permissive for the occurrence of several \nmineral deposit types that are amenable for large-scale development. Of these deposit types, porphyry copper \ndeposits (e.g., Pebble) and intrusion-related gold deposits (e.g., Shotgun) are the most important on the basis of \nthe current maturity of exploration activities by the mining industry. The Pebble deposit sits astride the drainage \ndivide between the Nushagak and Kvichak watersheds, whereas the Humble, Big Chunk, and Shotgun deposits \nare within the Nushagak watershed. The Humble and Big Chunk prospects are geophysical anomalies that exhibit \nsome characteristics similar to those found at Pebble. Humble was drilled previously in 1958 and 1959 as an iron \nprospect on the basis of an airborne magnetic anomaly. Humble is approximately 85 miles (137 km) west of\nPebble; Big Chunk is approximately 30 miles (48 km) north-northwest of Pebble; and Shotgun is approximately 110 \nmiles (177 km) northwest of Pebble. The H and D Block prospects, west of Pebble, represent additional porphyry \ncopper exploration targets in the watershed.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"An assessment of potential mining impacts on salmon ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska: EPA 910-R-14-001A-C","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","publisherLocation":"Seattle, WA","usgsCitation":"Seal, R., 2012, Geologic and environmental characteristics of porphyry copper deposits with emphasis on potential future development in the Bristol Bay Watershed, Alaska (Appendix H), v. 3 (Appendices E-J), iv, 30.","productDescription":"iv, 30","numberOfPages":"37","ipdsId":"IP-037309","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350281,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/bristolbay/recordisplay.cfm?deid=253500"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bristol Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -164.17,56.31 ], [ -164.17,59.9 ], [ -157.68,59.9 ], [ -157.68,56.31 ], [ -164.17,56.31 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3 (Appendices E-J)","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5b97e4b0b290850f9ff3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048256,"text":"70048256 - 2012 - Migrated hydrocarbons in exposure of Maastrichtian nonmarine strata near Saddle Mountain, lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:22:15.643726","indexId":"70048256","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T10:14:39","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":240,"text":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigation","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1","title":"Migrated hydrocarbons in exposure of Maastrichtian nonmarine strata near Saddle Mountain, lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","docAbstract":"Magoon and others (1980) described an 83-meter- (272-foot-) thick succession of Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) \nconglomerate, sandstone, mudstone, and coal exposed on the south side of an unnamed drainage, approximately 3 kilometers \n(1.8 miles) east of Saddle Mountain in lower Cook Inlet (figs. 1 and 2). The initial significance of this exposure was that \nit was the first reported occurrence of nonmarine rocks of this age in outcrop in lower Cook Inlet, which helped constrain \nthe Late Cretaceous paleogeography of the area and provided important information on the composition of latest Mesozoic \nsandstones in the basin. The Saddle Mountain section is thought to be an outcrop analog for Upper Cretaceous nonmarine \nstrata penetrated in the OCS Y-0097 #1 (Raven) well, located approximately 40 kilometers (25 miles) to the south–southeast \nin Federal waters (fig. 1). Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) drilled the Raven well in 1980 and encountered oil-stained \nrocks and moveable liquid hydrocarbons between the depths of 1,760 and 3,700 feet. Completion reports on file with the \nBureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM; formerly Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement, \nand prior to 2010, U.S. Minerals Management Service) either show flow rates of zero or do not mention flow rates. A \nfluid analysis report on file with BOEM suggests that a wireline tool sampled some oil beneath a 2,010-foot diesel cushion \nduring the fl ow test of the 3,145–3,175 foot interval, but the recorded fl ow rate was still zero (Kirk Sherwood, written \ncommun., January 9, 2012). Further delineation and evaluation of the apparent accumulation was never performed and the \nwell was plugged and abandoned.
\nAs part of a 5-year comprehensive evaluation of the geology and petroleum systems of the Cook Inlet forearc basin, the \nAlaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys obtained a research permit from the National Park Service to access \nthe relatively poorly understood ‘Saddle Mountain exposure’ that is located in the Lake Clark National Park and Preserve. \nThis work was done in cooperation with the Alaska Division of Oil & Gas and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research \ngeologists. This report expands on Magoon and others’ (1980) description of the exposure, presents new data on sandstone \ncomposition and reservoir quality, presents new geochemical data on petroleum extracted from the outcropping sandstone, \nand describes oil-bearing correlative strata penetrated by the Raven well. Although the exposure is more than a kilometer \n(0.6 mile) east of Saddle Mountain (fig. 2), in this report we variously refer to it as the Saddle Mountain succession, Saddle \nMountain section, or the rocks at Saddle Mountain underlain by Upper Jurassic strata of the Naknek Formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys","usgsCitation":"LePain, D., Lillis, P., Helmold, K., and Stanley, R., 2012, Migrated hydrocarbons in exposure of Maastrichtian nonmarine strata near Saddle Mountain, lower Cook Inlet, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigation 2012-1, iii, 13 p.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-036806","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280789,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/23943"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet, Saddle Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.0,58.0 ], [ -156.0,63.0 ], [ -147.0,63.0 ], [ -147.0,58.0 ], [ -156.0,58.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6718e4b0b2908510128a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LePain, D. L.","contributorId":104803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LePain","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lillis, P. G. 0000-0002-7508-1699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":17630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"P. G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helmold, K. P.","contributorId":67796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmold","given":"K. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanley, R. G. 0000-0001-6192-8783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":77123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70095249,"text":"70095249 - 2012 - Delta Chromium-53/52 isotopic composition of native and contaminated groundwater, Mojave Desert, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T10:02:13","indexId":"70095249","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T09:55:41","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delta Chromium-53/52 isotopic composition of native and contaminated groundwater, Mojave Desert, USA","docAbstract":"Chromium(VI) concentrations in groundwater sampled from three contaminant plumes in aquifers in the Mojave Desert near Hinkley, Topock and El Mirage, California, USA, were as high as 2600, 5800 and 330 μg/L, respectively. δ53/52Cr compositions from more than 50 samples collected within these plumes ranged from near 0‰ to almost 4‰ near the plume margins. Assuming only reductive fractionation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) within the plume, apparent fractionation factors for δ53/52Cr isotopes ranged from εapp = 0.3 to 0.4 within the Hinkley and Topock plumes, respectively, and only the El Mirage plume had a fractionation factor similar to the laboratory derived value of ε = 3.5. One possible explanation for the difference between field and laboratory fractionation factors at the Hinkley and Topock sites is localized reductive fractionation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), with subsequent advective mixing of native and contaminated water near the plume margin. Chromium(VI) concentrations and δ53/52Cr isotopic compositions did not uniquely define the source of Cr near the plume margin, or the extent of reductive fractionation within the plume. However, Cr(VI) and δ53/52Cr data contribute to understanding of the interaction between reductive and mixing processes that occur within and near the margins of Cr contamination plumes. Reductive fractionation of Cr(VI) predominates in plumes having higher εapp, these plumes may be suitable for monitored natural attenuation. In contrast, advective mixing predominates in plumes having lower εapp, the highly dispersed margins of these plumes may be difficult to define and manage.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.12.019","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Bullen, T.D., Martin, P., and Schroth, B., 2012, Delta Chromium-53/52 isotopic composition of native and contaminated groundwater, Mojave Desert, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 4, p. 841-853, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.12.019.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"841","endPage":"853","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-014704","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282976,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.12.019"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.0,32.3 ], [ -118.0,36.0 ], [ -114.0,36.0 ], [ -114.0,32.3 ], [ -118.0,32.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd540ee4b0b290850f583b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullen, Thomas D. 0000-0003-2281-1691 tdbullen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-1691","contributorId":1969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"Thomas","email":"tdbullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schroth, Brian","contributorId":60953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroth","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70045179,"text":"70045179 - 2012 - Nature's Notebook 2011: Data & participant summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T13:48:34","indexId":"70045179","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":95,"text":"USA-NPN Technical Series","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2012‐001","title":"Nature's Notebook 2011: Data & participant summary","docAbstract":"The USA National Phenology Network The USA National Phenology Network (USA‐NPN; www.usanpn.org) seeks to engage a diverse range of citizen scientist volunteers, federal, state, and non‐governmental organizations, educators and professional research scientists to collect phenological observations of plants and animals using consistent standards and to contribute their observations to a national data repository. To guide this effort, the USA‐NPN National Coordinating Office (NCO), based in Tucson, Arizona, implemented an online monitoring program for plants and animals, Nature's Notebook, and has developed phenology monitoring protocols and an information management system, which includes the National Phenology Database (NPDb). We are developing a diversity of materials, tools, techniques, and protocols to assist decision making and education related to ecology, wildlife, human health, ecosystem services, natural resource management, biological conservation, and climate change adaptation.
","language":"English","publisher":"USA National Phenology Network","usgsCitation":"Kellermann, J.L., Crimmins, T., Denny, E.G., Enquist, C., Marsh, R.L., Rosemartin, A.H., and Weltzin, J., 2012, Nature's Notebook 2011: Data & participant summary: USA-NPN Technical Series 2012‐001, 34 p.","productDescription":"34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038693","costCenters":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usanpn.org/pubs/reports#USA-NPN_Technical_Series"}],"country":"UNITED STATES","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d65ebe4b07e28b6684907","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellermann, Jherime L.","contributorId":139843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kellermann","given":"Jherime","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13292,"text":"Ecology & Evolutionary Biology ,University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crimmins, Theresa","contributorId":103579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crimmins","given":"Theresa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denny, Ellen G.","contributorId":79803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Enquist, Carolyn A.F.","contributorId":87445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enquist","given":"Carolyn A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marsh, R. Lee","contributorId":146211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marsh","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":16629,"text":"USA National Phenology Network, SNRE University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosemartin, Alyssa H.","contributorId":30910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosemartin","given":"Alyssa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake F. jweltzin@usgs.gov","contributorId":149476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake F.","email":"jweltzin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70038252,"text":"ofr20121025 - 2012 - Preliminary investigation of the effects of sea-level rise on groundwater levels in New Haven, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-02T12:00:53","indexId":"ofr20121025","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1025","title":"Preliminary investigation of the effects of sea-level rise on groundwater levels in New Haven, Connecticut","docAbstract":"Global sea level rose about 0.56 feet (ft) (170 millimeters (mm)) during the 20th century. Since the 1960s, sea level has risen at Bridgeport, Connecticut, about 0.38 ft (115 mm), at a rate of 0.008 ft (2.56 mm + or - 0.58 mm) per year. With regional subsidence, and with predicted global climate change, sea level is expected to continue to rise along the northeast coast of the United States through the 21st century. Increasing sea levels will cause groundwater levels in coastal areas to rise in order to adjust to the new conditions. Some regional climate models predict wetter climate in the northeastern United States under some scenarios. Scenarios for the resulting higher groundwater levels have the potential to inundate underground infrastructure in lowlying coastal cities. New Haven is a coastal city in Connecticut surrounded and bisected by tidally affected waters. Monitoring of water levels in wells in New Haven from August 2009 to July 2010 indicates the complex effects of urban influence on groundwater levels. The response of groundwater levels to recharge and season varied considerably from well to well. Groundwater temperatures varied seasonally, but were warmer than what was typical for Connecticut, and they seem to reflect the influence of the urban setting, including the effects of conduits for underground utilities. Specific conductance was elevated in many of the wells, indicating the influence of urban activities or seawater in Long Island Sound. A preliminary steady-state model of groundwater flow for part of New Haven was constructed using MODFLOW to simulate current groundwater levels (2009-2010) and future groundwater levels based on scenarios with a rise of 3 ft (0.91 meters (m)) in sea level, which is predicted for the end of the 21st century. An additional simulation was run assuming a 3-ft rise in sea level combined with a 12-percent increase in groundwater recharge. The model was constructed from existing hydrogeologic information for the New Haven area and from new information on groundwater levels collected during October 2009-June 2010. For the scenario with a 3-ft rise in sea level and no increase in recharge, simulated groundwater levels near the coast rose 3 ft; this increased water level tapered off toward a discharge area at the only nontidal stream in the study area. Simulated stream discharge increased at the nontidal stream because of the increased gradient. Although groundwater levels rose, the simulated difference between the groundwater levels in the aquifer and the increased sea level declined, indicating that the depth to the interface between freshwater and saltwater may possibly decline. Simulated water levels were affected by rise in sea level even in areas where the water table was at 17-24 ft (5.2-7.3 m) above current (2011) sea level. For the scenario with increased recharge, simulated groundwater levels were as much as an additional foot higher at some locations in the study area. The results of this preliminary investigation indicate that groundwater levels in coastal areas can be expected to rise and may rise higher if groundwater recharge also increases. This finding has implications for the disposal of stormwater through infiltration, a low-impact development practice designed to improve water quality and reduce overland peak discharge. Other implications include increased risk of basement flooding and increased groundwater seepage into underground sewer pipes and utility corridors in some areas. These implications will present engineering challenges to New Haven and Yale University. The preliminary model developed for this study can be the starting point for further simulation of future alternative scenarios for sea-level rise and recharge. Further simulations could identify those areas of New Haven where infrastructure may be at greatest risk from rising levels of groundwater. The simulations described in this report have limitations due to the preliminary scope of the work. Approaches to improve simulations include but are not limited to incorporating: * The variable density of seawater into the model in order to understand the current and future location of the interface between freshwater and saltwater; * Collection of additional data in order to better resolve temporal and spatial patterns in water levels in the aquifer; * Improved estimates of recharge through direct and indirect measurements of freshwater discharge from the study area; and * Transient simulations for greater understanding of the amount of time required for water levels and the position of the interface between freshwater and saltwater to adjust to changes in sea level and recharge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121025","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Yale University","usgsCitation":"Bjerklie, D.M., Mullaney, J.R., Stone, J.R., Skinner, B.J., and Ramlow, M.A., 2012, Preliminary investigation of the effects of sea-level rise on groundwater levels in New Haven, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1025, v, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121025.","productDescription":"v, 46 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254637,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":254638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1025.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","city":"New Haven","otherGeospatial":"New Haven Harbor;West River;Mill River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73,41.266666666666666 ], [ -73,41.4 ], [ -72.86666666666666,41.4 ], [ -72.86666666666666,41.266666666666666 ], [ -73,41.266666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8851e4b0c8380cd7d847","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bjerklie, David M. 0000-0002-9890-4125 dmbjerkl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-4125","contributorId":3589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjerklie","given":"David","email":"dmbjerkl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mullaney, John R. 0000-0003-4936-5046 jmullane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-5046","contributorId":1957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullaney","given":"John","email":"jmullane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stone, Janet Radway jrstone@usgs.gov","contributorId":1695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Janet","email":"jrstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Radway","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skinner, Brian J.","contributorId":75371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramlow, Matthew A.","contributorId":93758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramlow","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70040382,"text":"70040382 - 2012 - Status and trends of the land bird avifauna on Tinian and Aguiguan, Mariana Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-10T09:47:54","indexId":"70040382","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-029","title":"Status and trends of the land bird avifauna on Tinian and Aguiguan, Mariana Islands","docAbstract":"Avian surveys were conducted on the islands of Tinian and Aguiguan, Marianas Islands, in 2008 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to provide current baseline densities and abundances and assess population trends using data collected from previous surveys. On Tinian, during the three surveys (1982, 1996, and 2008), 18 species were detected, and abundances and trends were assessed for 12 species. Half of the 10 native species—Yellow Bittern (Ixobrychus sinensis), White-throated Ground-Dove (Gallicolumba xanthonura), Collared Kingfisher (Todiramphus chloris), Rufous Fantail (Rhipidura rufifrons), and Micronesian Starling (Aplonis opaca)—and one alien bird—Island Collared-Dove (Streptopelia bitorquata)—have increased since 1982. Three native birds—Mariana Fruit-Dove (Ptilinopus roseicapilla), Micronesian Honeyeater (Myzomela rubratra), and Tinian Monarch (Monarcha takatsukasae)—have decreased since 1982. Trends for the remaining two native birds—White Tern (Gygis alba) and Bridled White-eye (Zosterops saypani)—and one alien bird—Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus)—were considered relatively stable. Only five birds—White-throated Ground-Dove, Mariana Fruit-Dove, Tinian Monarch, Rufous Fantail, and Bridled White-eye—showed significant differences among regions of Tinian by year. Tinian Monarch was found in all habitat types, with the greatest monarch densities observed in limestone forest, secondary forest, and tangantangan (Leucaena leucocephala) thicket and the smallest densities found in open fields and urban/residential habitats. On Aguiguan, 19 species were detected on one or both of the surveys (1982 and 2008), and abundance estimates were produced for nine native and one alien species. Densities for seven of the nine native birds—White-throated Ground-Dove, Mariana Fruit-Dove, Collared Kingfisher, Rufous Fantail, Bridled White-eye, Golden White-eye (Cleptornis marchei), and Micronesian Starling—and the alien bird— Island Collared-Dove—were significantly greater in 2008 than 1982. No differences in densities were detected between the two surveys for White Tern and Micronesian Honeyeater. Three native land birds— Micronesian Megapode (Megapodius laperouse), Guam Swiftlet (Collocalia bartschi), and Nightingale Reed-Warbler (Acrocephalus luscinia)—were either not detected during the point-transect counts or the numbers of birds detected were too small to estimate densities for either island. Increased military operations on Tinian may result in increases in habitat clearings and the human population, which would expand human-dominated habitats, and declines in some bird populations would be likely to continue or be exacerbated with these actions. Expanded military activities on Tinian would also mean increased movement between Guam and Tinian, elevating the probability of transporting the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) to Tinian.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"Camp, R.J., Pratt, T.K., Amidon, F., Marshall, A.P., Kremer, S., and Laut, M., 2012, Status and trends of the land bird avifauna on Tinian and Aguiguan, Mariana Islands: Technical Report HCSU-029, iv., 46 p.","productDescription":"iv., 46 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032742","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mariana Islands","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a5b8dae4b0ebae89b78a4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Camp, Richard J. 0000-0001-7008-923X rick_camp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-923X","contributorId":116175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard","email":"rick_camp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Thane K. tkpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thane","email":"tkpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amidon, Fred","contributorId":62934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amidon","given":"Fred","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marshall, Ann P.","contributorId":140290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6927,"text":"USFWS, National Wildlife Refuge System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kremer, Shelly","contributorId":173509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kremer","given":"Shelly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Laut, Megan","contributorId":140110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laut","given":"Megan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13385,"text":"University of Hawaii at Hilo Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70040648,"text":"70040648 - 2012 - Timing and proximate causes of mortality in wild bird populations: testing Ashmole’s hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-09T14:57:38","indexId":"70040648","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Timing and proximate causes of mortality in wild bird populations: testing Ashmole’s hypothesis","docAbstract":"Studies of nonvolcanic tremor (NVT) have established the significant impact of small stress perturbations on NVT generation. Here we analyze the influence of the solid earth and ocean tides on a catalog of ∼550,000 low frequency earthquakes (LFEs) distributed along a 150 km section of the San Andreas Fault centered at Parkfield. LFE families are identified in the NVT data on the basis of waveform similarity and are thought to represent small, effectively co-located earthquakes occurring on brittle asperities on an otherwise aseismic fault at depths of 16 to 30 km. We calculate the sensitivity of each of these 88 LFE families to the tidally induced right-lateral shear stress (RLSS), fault-normal stress (FNS), and their time derivatives and use the hypocentral locations of each family to map the spatial variability of this sensitivity. LFE occurrence is most strongly modulated by fluctuations in shear stress, with the majority of families demonstrating a correlation with RLSS at the 99% confidence level or above. Producing the observed LFE rate modulation in response to shear stress perturbations requires low effective stress in the LFE source region. There are substantial lateral and vertical variations in tidal shear stress sensitivity, which we interpret to reflect spatial variation in source region properties, such as friction and pore fluid pressure. Additionally, we find that highly episodic, shallow LFE families are generally less correlated with tidal stresses than their deeper, continuously active counterparts. The majority of families have weaker or insignificant correlation with positive (tensile) FNS. Two groups of families demonstrate a stronger correlation with fault-normal tension to the north and with compression to the south of Parkfield. The families that correlate with fault-normal clamping coincide with a releasing right bend in the surface fault trace and the LFE locations, suggesting that the San Andreas remains localized and contiguous down to near the base of the crust. The deep families that have high sensitivity to both shear and tensile normal stress perturbations may be indicative of an increase in effective fault contact area with depth. Synthesizing our observations with those of other LFE-hosting localities will help to develop a comprehensive understanding of transient fault slip below the “seismogenic zone” by providing constraints on parameters in physical models of slow slip and LFEs.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2011JB009036","usgsCitation":"Thomas, A., Burgmann, R., Shelly, D.R., Beeler, N.M., and Rudolph, M., 2012, Tidal triggering of low frequency earthquakes near Parkfield, California: Implications for fault mechanics within the brittle-ductile transition: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 117, no. B5, p. 1-24, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB009036.","productDescription":"B05301; 24 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"24","ipdsId":"IP-037106","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Parkfield","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 35.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"B5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eb1e4b0531197b28024","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, A.M.","contributorId":47735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":10167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beeler, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-3397-8481 nbeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":2682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Nicholas","email":"nbeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rudolph, M.L.","contributorId":93365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudolph","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70173537,"text":"70173537 - 2012 - Trends in Marine Debris along the U.S. Pacific Coast and Hawai’i 1998-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-15T17:08:59","indexId":"70173537","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in Marine Debris along the U.S. Pacific Coast and Hawai’i 1998-2007","docAbstract":"We assessed amounts, composition, and trends of marine debris for the U.S. Pacific Coast and Hawai’i using National Marine Debris Monitoring Program data. Hawai’i had the highest debris loads; the North Pacific Coast region had the lowest debris loads. The Southern California Bight region had the highest land-based debris loads. Debris loads decreased over time for all source categories in all regions except for land-based and general-source loads in the North Pacific Coast region, which were unchanged. General-source debris comprised 30–40% of the items in all regions. Larger local populations were associated with higher land-based debris loads across regions; the effect declined at higher population levels. Upwelling affected deposition of ocean-based and general-source debris loads but not land-based loads along the Pacific Coast. LNSO decreased debris loads for both land-based and ocean-based debris but not general-source debris in Hawai’i, a more complex climate-ocean effect than had previously been found.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.02.008","usgsCitation":"Ribic, C., Sheavly, S.B., Rugg, D.J., and Erdmann, E.S., 2012, Trends in Marine Debris along the U.S. Pacific Coast and Hawai’i 1998-2007: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 64, no. 5, p. 944-1004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.02.008.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"944","endPage":"1004","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033551","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323725,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Hawaii, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"US North Pacific Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.8837890625,\n 18.166730410221938\n ],\n [\n -160.8837890625,\n 22.59372606392931\n ],\n [\n -153.80859375,\n 22.59372606392931\n ],\n [\n -153.80859375,\n 18.166730410221938\n ],\n [\n -160.8837890625,\n 18.166730410221938\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -127.08984375000001,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -124.93652343749999,\n 48.42920055556841\n ],\n [\n -124.1015625,\n 46.28622391806708\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 42.90816007196054\n ],\n [\n -124.18945312500001,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 40.38002840251183\n ],\n [\n -123.96972656249999,\n 39.80853604144591\n ],\n [\n -126.3427734375,\n 39.707186656826565\n ],\n [\n -127.08984375000001,\n 48.45835188280866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57627c38e4b07657d19a6a1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ribic, Christine 0000-0003-2583-1778 caribic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":147952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheavly, Seba B.","contributorId":171391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheavly","given":"Seba","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":26885,"text":"Sheavly Consultants, Virginia Beach, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rugg, David J.","contributorId":171931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rugg","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erdmann, Eric S.","contributorId":97743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdmann","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157149,"text":"70157149 - 2012 - LiDAR and field observations of slip distribution for the most recent surface ruptures along the central San Jacinto fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T11:18:02","indexId":"70157149","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-30T17:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"LiDAR and field observations of slip distribution for the most recent surface ruptures along the central San Jacinto fault","docAbstract":"We measured offsets on tectonically displaced geomorphic features along 80 km of the Clark strand of the San Jacinto fault (SJF) to estimate slip‐per‐event for the past several surface ruptures. We identify 168 offset features from which we make over 490 measurements using B4 light detection and ranging (LiDAR) imagery and field observations. Our results suggest that LiDAR technology is an exemplary supplement to traditional field methods in slip‐per‐event studies. Displacement estimates indicate that the most recent surface‐rupturing event (MRE) produced an average of 2.5–2.9 m of right‐lateral slip with maximum slip of nearly 4 m at Anza, a Mw 7.2–7.5 earthquake. Average multiple‐event offsets for the same 80 kms are ∼5.5 m, with maximum values of 3 m at Anza for the penultimate event. Cumulative displacements of 9–10 m through Anza suggest the third event was also similar in size. Paleoseismic work at Hog Lake dates the most recent surface rupture event at ca. 1790. A poorly located, large earthquake occurred in southern California on 22 November 1800; we relocate this event to the Clark fault based on the MRE at Hog Lake. We also recognize the occurrence of a younger rupture along ∼15–20 km of the fault in Blackburn Canyon with ∼1.25 m of average displacement. We attribute these offsets to the 21 April 1918 Mw 6.9 event. These data argue that much or all of the Clark fault, and possibly also the Casa Loma fault, fail together in large earthquakes, but that shorter sections may fail in smaller events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120110068","usgsCitation":"Salisbury, J., Rockwell, T., Middleton, T., and Hudnut, K.W., 2012, LiDAR and field observations of slip distribution for the most recent surface ruptures along the central San Jacinto fault: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, no. 2, p. 598-619, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110068.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"598","endPage":"619","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028003","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.28906250000001,\n 31.98944183792288\n ],\n [\n -112.19238281249999,\n 31.98944183792288\n ],\n [\n -112.19238281249999,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -121.28906250000001,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -121.28906250000001,\n 31.98944183792288\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560a64d7e4b058f706e536d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salisbury, J.B.","contributorId":147529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salisbury","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rockwell, T.K.","contributorId":147531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rockwell","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middleton, T.J.","contributorId":147530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Middleton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudnut, Kenneth W. 0000-0002-3168-4797 hudnut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4797","contributorId":2550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Kenneth","email":"hudnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038248,"text":"ds668 - 2012 - Manning's roughness coefficient for Illinois streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-01T17:28:21","indexId":"ds668","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-30T15:57:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"668","title":"Manning's roughness coefficient for Illinois streams","docAbstract":"Manning's roughness coefficients for 43 natural and constructed streams in Illinois are reported and displayed on a U.S. Geological Survey Web site. At a majority of the sites, discharge and stage were measured, and corresponding Manning's coefficients—the n-values—were determined at more than one river discharge. The n-values discussed in this report are computed from data representing the stream reach studied and, therefore, are reachwise values. Presentation of the resulting n-values takes a visual-comparison approach similar to the previously published Barnes report (1967), in which photographs of channel conditions, description of the site, and the resulting n-values are organized for each site. The Web site where the data can be accessed and are displayed is at URL http://il.water.usgs.gov/proj/nvalues/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds668","collaboration":"In Cooperation with the Illinois Department of Natural Resources—Office of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Soong, D., Prater, C.D., Halfar, T.M., and Wobig, L.A., 2012, Manning's roughness coefficient for Illinois streams: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 668, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds668.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_668.gif"},{"id":254636,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/668/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ccfe4b0c8380cd69ee9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soong, David T.","contributorId":87487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soong","given":"David T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prater, Crystal D. 0000-0002-8767-5523","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8767-5523","contributorId":57699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prater","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halfar, Teresa M. thalfar@usgs.gov","contributorId":4738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halfar","given":"Teresa","email":"thalfar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wobig, Loren A.","contributorId":36398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wobig","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038233,"text":"ofr20121048 - 2012 - Lineament analysis of mineral areas of interest in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T17:28:33","indexId":"ofr20121048","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-30T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1048","title":"Lineament analysis of mineral areas of interest in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"During a preliminary mineral resource assessment of Afghanistan (Peters and others, 2007), 24 mineralized areas of interest (AOIs) were highlighted as the focus for future economic development throughout various parts of the country. In addition to located mineral resources of value, development of a viable mining industry in Afghanistan will require the location of suitable groundwater resources for drinking, processing of mineral ores for use or for export, and for agriculture and food production in areas surrounding and supporting future mining enterprises. This report and accompanying GIS datasets describe the results of both automated and manual mapping of lineaments throughout the 24 mineral occurrence AOIs described in detail by Peters and others (2007; 2011). For this study, we define lineaments as \"mappable linear or curvilinear features of a surface whose parts align in a straight or slightly curving relationship that may be the expression of a fault or other linear zones of weakness\" as derived from remote sensing sources such as optical imagery, radar imagery or digital elevation models (DEMs) (Sabins, 2007).
\nWater wells in bedrock aquifers are generally more productive where boreholes intersect fractures or fracture zones. Lineament identification and analysis have long been used as a reconnaissance tool to identify such favorable conditions for groundwater resources in carbonate bedrock environments (Lattman and Parizek, 1964; Siddiqui and Parizek, 1971). More recently, lineament analysis has been used to identify areas of greater well yields in other bedrock settings, such as crystalline bedrock (Mabee and other, 1994; Moore and others, 2002). Lineaments provide an indication of bedrock areas that warrant further investigation for optimal water well placement. They may also indicate areas of preferential flow and storage of groundwater, and, thus, areas with a greater density of lineaments may indicate greater secondary porosity. Lineaments may indicate structurally trending mineralized areas (for example, Mars and Rowan, 2007), or locations of near-surface water resources, especially when surface vegetation growth coincides with lineaments.
\nThe purpose of this report and accompanying GIS data is to provide lineament maps that give one indication of areas that warrant further investigation for optimal bedrock water-well placement within 24 target areas for mineral resources (Peters and others, 2011). These data may also support the identification of faults related to modern seismic hazards (for example, Wheeler and others, 2005; Ruleman and others, 2007), as well as support studies attempting to understand the relationship between tectonic and structural controls on hydrothermal fluid flow, subsequent mineralization, and water-quality issues near mined and unmined mineral deposits (for example, Eppinger and others, 2007).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghanistan Geological Survey, Ministry of Mines under the auspices of the Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, Department of Defense","usgsCitation":"Hubbard, B.E., Mack, T.J., and Thompson, A.L., 2012, Lineament analysis of mineral areas of interest in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1048, iv, 15 p.; Appendix; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121048.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.; Appendix; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1048.gif"},{"id":254623,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 61,29.5 ], [ 61,38 ], [ 75,38 ], [ 75,29.5 ], [ 61,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47abe4b0c8380cd6791a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbard, Bernard E. 0000-0002-9315-2032 bhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-2032","contributorId":2342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Bernard","email":"bhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mack, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0496-3918 tjmack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-3918","contributorId":1677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Thomas","email":"tjmack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Allyson L.","contributorId":90575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Allyson","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038137,"text":"70038137 - 2012 - Air-water oxygen exchange in a large whitewater river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-04T14:24:57.931663","indexId":"70038137","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2621,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Air-water oxygen exchange in a large whitewater river","docAbstract":"Air–water gas exchange governs fluxes of gas into and out of aquatic ecosystems. Knowing this flux is necessary to calculate gas budgets (i.e., O2) to estimate whole‐ecosystem metabolism and basin‐scale carbon budgets. Empirical data on rates of gas exchange for streams, estuaries, and oceans are readily available. However, there are few data from large rivers and no data from whitewater rapids. We measured gas transfer velocity in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, as decline in O2 saturation deficit, 7 times in a 28‐km segment spanning 7 rapids. The O2 saturation deficit exists because of hypolimnetic discharge from Glen Canyon Dam, located 25 km upriver from Lees Ferry. Gas transfer velocity (k600) increased with slope of the immediate reach. k600 was < 10 cm h− 1 in flat reaches, while k600 for the steepest rapid ranged 3600–7700 cm h− 1, an extremely high value of k600. Using the rate of gas exchange per unit length of water surface elevation (Kdrop, m− 1), segment‐integrated k600 varied between 74 and 101 cm h− 1. Using Kdrop we scaled k600 to the remainder of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. At the scale corresponding to the segment length where 80% of the O2 exchanged with the atmosphere (mean length = 26.1 km), k600 varied 4.5‐fold between 56 and 272 cm h− 1 with a mean of 113 cm h− 1. Gas transfer velocity for the Colorado River was higher than those from other aquatic ecosystems because of large rapids. Our approach of scaling k600 based on Kdrop allows comparing gas transfer velocity across rivers with spatially heterogeneous morphology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.1215/21573689-1572535","usgsCitation":"Hall, R., Kennedy, T., and Rosi-Marshall, E.J., 2012, Air-water oxygen exchange in a large whitewater river: Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments, v. 2, no. 1, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1215/21573689-1572535.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1215/21573689-1572535","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381847,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River;Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.5604248046875,\n 35.94910642813857\n ],\n [\n -111.66229248046874,\n 35.94910642813857\n ],\n [\n -111.66229248046874,\n 36.29741818650811\n ],\n [\n -112.5604248046875,\n 36.29741818650811\n ],\n [\n -112.5604248046875,\n 35.94910642813857\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e91be4b0c8380cd480d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Robert O.","contributorId":24604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Robert O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Theodore A. 0000-0003-3477-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-3629","contributorId":50227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Theodore A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosi-Marshall, Emma J.","contributorId":17722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosi-Marshall","given":"Emma","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173539,"text":"70173539 - 2012 - Are Agrofuels a conservation threat or opportunity for grassland birds in the United States?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T10:51:56","indexId":"70173539","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are Agrofuels a conservation threat or opportunity for grassland birds in the United States?","docAbstract":"In the United States, government-mandated growth in the production of crops dedicated to biofuel (agrofuels) is predicted to increase the demands on existing agricultural lands, potentially threatening the persistence of populations of grassland birds they support. We review recently published literature and datasets to (1) examine the ability of alternative agrofuel crops and their management regimes to provide habitat for grassland birds, (2) determine how crop placement in agricultural landscapes and agrofuel-related land-use change will affect grassland birds, and (3) identify critical research and policy-development needs associated with agrofuel production. We find that native perennial plants proposed as feedstock for agrofuel (switchgrass, Panicum virgatum, and mixed grass—forb prairie) have considerable potential to provide new habitat to a wide range of grassland birds, including rare and threatened species. However, industrialization of agrofuel production that maximizes biomass, homogenizes vegetation structure, and results in the cultivation of small fields within largely forested landscapes is likely to reduce species richness and/or abundance of grassland-dependent birds. Realizing the potential benefits of agrofuel production for grassland birds' conservation will require the development of new policies that encourage agricultural practices specifically targeting the needs of grassland specialists. The broad array of grower-incentive programs in existence may deliver new agrofuel policies effectively but will require coordination at a spatial scale broader than currently practiced, preferably within an adaptive-management framework.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/cond.2012.110136","usgsCitation":"Robertson, B.A., Rice, R.A., Ribic, C., Babcock, B.A., Landis, D.A., Herkert, J.R., Fletcher, R.J., Fontaine, J., Doran, P.J., and Schemske, D.W., 2012, Are Agrofuels a conservation threat or opportunity for grassland birds in the United States?: The Condor, v. 114, no. 4, p. 679-688, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2012.110136.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"679","endPage":"688","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-027569","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2012.110136","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323731,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5763cdaee4b07657d19ba74f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Bruce A.","contributorId":171947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Robert A.","contributorId":171948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rice","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ribic, Christine 0000-0003-2583-1778 caribic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":147952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Babcock, Bruce A.","contributorId":171950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Babcock","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landis, Douglas A.","contributorId":171951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landis","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herkert, James R.","contributorId":113967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkert","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fletcher, Robert J. Jr.","contributorId":41294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fontaine, Joseph J","contributorId":117561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"Joseph J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Doran, Patrick J.","contributorId":171952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doran","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Schemske, Douglas W.","contributorId":171953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schemske","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70038214,"text":"sir20125049 - 2012 - Methods for evaluating temporal groundwater quality data and results of decadal-scale changes in chloride, dissolved solids, and nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the United States, 1988-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:36","indexId":"sir20125049","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5049","title":"Methods for evaluating temporal groundwater quality data and results of decadal-scale changes in chloride, dissolved solids, and nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the United States, 1988-2010","docAbstract":"Decadal-scale changes in groundwater quality were evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Samples of groundwater collected from wells during 1988-2000 - a first sampling event representing the decade ending the 20th century - were compared on a pair-wise basis to samples from the same wells collected during 2001-2010 - a second sampling event representing the decade beginning the 21st century. The data set consists of samples from 1,236 wells in 56 well networks, representing major aquifers and urban and agricultural land-use areas, with analytical results for chloride, dissolved solids, and nitrate. Statistical analysis was done on a network basis rather than by individual wells. Although spanning slightly more or less than a 10-year period, the two-sample comparison between the first and second sampling events is referred to as an analysis of decadal-scale change based on a step-trend analysis. The 22 principal aquifers represented by these 56 networks account for nearly 80 percent of the estimated withdrawals of groundwater used for drinking-water supply in the Nation. Well networks where decadal-scale changes in concentrations were statistically significant were identified using the Wilcoxon-Pratt signed-rank test. For the statistical analysis of chloride, dissolved solids, and nitrate concentrations at the network level, more than half revealed no statistically significant change over the decadal period. However, for networks that had statistically significant changes, increased concentrations outnumbered decreased concentrations by a large margin. Statistically significant increases of chloride concentrations were identified for 43 percent of 56 networks. Dissolved solids concentrations increased significantly in 41 percent of the 54 networks with dissolved solids data, and nitrate concentrations increased significantly in 23 percent of 56 networks. At least one of the three - chloride, dissolved solids, or nitrate - had a statistically significant increase in concentration in 66 percent of the networks. Statistically significant decreases in concentrations were identified in 4 percent of the networks for chloride, 2 percent of the networks for dissolved solids, and 9 percent of the networks for nitrate. A larger percentage of urban land-use networks had statistically significant increases in chloride, dissolved solids, and nitrate concentrations than agricultural land-use networks. In order to assess the magnitude of statistically significant changes, the median of the differences between constituent concentrations from the first full-network sampling event and those from the second full-network sampling event was calculated using the Turnbull method. The largest median decadal increases in chloride concentrations were in networks in the Upper Illinois River Basin (67 mg/L) and in the New England Coastal Basins (34 mg/L), whereas the largest median decadal decrease in chloride concentrations was in the Upper Snake River Basin (1 mg/L). The largest median decadal increases in dissolved solids concentrations were in networks in the Rio Grande Valley (260 mg/L) and the Upper Illinois River Basin (160 mg/L). The largest median decadal decrease in dissolved solids concentrations was in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin (6.0 mg/L). The largest median decadal increases in nitrate as nitrogen (N) concentrations were in networks in the South Platte River Basin (2.0 mg/L as N) and the San Joaquin-Tulare Basins (1.0 mg/L as N). The largest median decadal decrease in nitrate concentrations was in the Santee River Basin and Coastal Drainages (0.63 mg/L). The magnitude of change in networks with statistically significant increases typically was much larger than the magnitude of change in networks with statistically significant decreases. The magnitude of change was greatest for chloride in the urban land-use networks and greatest for dissolved solids and nitrate in the agricultural land-use networks. Analysis of data from all networks combined indicated statistically significant increases for chloride, dissolved solids, and nitrate. Although chloride, dissolved solids, and nitrate concentrations were typically less than the drinking-water standards and guidelines, a statistical test was used to determine whether or not the proportion of samples exceeding the drinking-water standard or guideline changed significantly between the first and second full-network sampling events. The proportion of samples exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for dissolved solids (500 milligrams per liter) increased significantly between the first and second full-network sampling events when evaluating all networks combined at the national level. Also, for all networks combined, the proportion of samples exceeding the USEPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 mg/L as N for nitrate increased significantly. One network in the Delmarva Peninsula had a significant increase in the proportion of samples exceeding the MCL for nitrate. A subset of 261 wells was sampled every other year (biennially) to evaluate decadal-scale changes using a time-series analysis. The analysis of the biennial data set showed that changes were generally similar to the findings from the analysis of decadal-scale change that was based on a step-trend analysis. Because of the small number of wells in a network with biennial data (typically 4-5 wells), the time-series analysis is more useful for understanding water-quality responses to changes in site-specific conditions rather than as an indicator of the change for the entire network.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125049","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, B., and Rupert, M.G., 2012, Methods for evaluating temporal groundwater quality data and results of decadal-scale changes in chloride, dissolved solids, and nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the United States, 1988-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5049, vi, 46 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125049.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.; Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1988-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5049.png"},{"id":254607,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55c0e4b0c8380cd6d291","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce D.","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038196,"text":"fs20123049 - 2012 - Water quality studied in areas of unconventional oil and gas development, including areas where hydraulic fracturing techniques are used, in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T14:10:00","indexId":"fs20123049","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-25T18:40:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3049","title":"Water quality studied in areas of unconventional oil and gas development, including areas where hydraulic fracturing techniques are used, in the United States","docAbstract":"Domestic oil and gas production and clean water are critical for economic growth, public health, and national security of the United States. As domestic oil and gas production increases in new areas and old fields are enhanced, there is increasing public concern about the effects of energy production on surface-water and groundwater quality. To a great extent, this concern arises from the improved hydraulic fracturing techniques being used today, including horizontal drilling, for producing unconventional oil and gas in low-permeability formations.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis is hosting an interdisciplinary working group of USGS scientists to conduct a temporal and spatial analysis of surface-water and groundwater quality in areas of unconventional oil and gas development. The analysis uses existing national and regional datasets to describe water quality, evaluate water-quality changes over time where there are sufficient data, and evaluate spatial and temporal data gaps.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123049","usgsCitation":"Susong, D.D., Gallegos, T.J., and Oelsner, G.P., 2012, Water quality studied in areas of unconventional oil and gas development, including areas where hydraulic fracturing techniques are used, in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3049, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123049.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332869,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3049/FS12-3049_508.pdf","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3049.gif"},{"id":254598,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc8f9e4b08c986b32cbce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallegos, Tanya J. 0000-0003-3350-6473 tgallegos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-6473","contributorId":2206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Tanya","email":"tgallegos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oelsner, Gretchen P. 0000-0001-9329-7357 goelsner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9329-7357","contributorId":4440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oelsner","given":"Gretchen","email":"goelsner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038192,"text":"sir20125060 - 2012 - Characterization of the Highway 95 Fault in lower Fortymile Wash using electrical and electromagnetic methods, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"sir20125060","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-25T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5060","title":"Characterization of the Highway 95 Fault in lower Fortymile Wash using electrical and electromagnetic methods, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Highway 95 Fault is a buried, roughly east-west trending growth fault at the southern extent of Yucca Mountain and Southwestern Nevada Volcanic Field. Little is known about the role of this fault in the movement of groundwater from the Yucca Mountain area to downgradient groundwater users in Amargosa Valley. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Arizona Water Science Center (AZWSC), in cooperation with the Nye County Nuclear Waste Repository Project Office (NWRPO), has used direct current (DC) resistivity, controlled-source audio magnetotelluric (CSAMT), and transient electromagnetics (TEM) to better understand the fault. These geophysical surveys were designed to look at structures buried beneath the alluvium, following a transect of wells for lithologic control. Results indicate that the fault is just north of U.S. Highway 95, between wells NC-EWDP-2DB and -19D, and south of Highway 95, east of well NC-EWDP-2DB. The Highway 95 Fault may inhibit shallow groundwater movement by uplifting deep Paleozoic carbonates, effectively reducing the overlying alluvial aquifer thickness and restricting the movement of water. Upward vertical hydraulic gradients in wells proximal to the fault indicate that upward movement is occurring from deeper, higher-pressure aquifers.
\nFrom December 2006 to January 2007, the USGS and NWRPO collected dipole-dipole DC resistivity data to characterize the Highway 95 Fault. Modeled data from the resistivity study agreed with mapped faults from gravity anomalies and highlighted a prominent fault within 1.5 km of Highway 95, thought to be the Highway 95 Fault. Results of the dipole-dipole resistivity survey warranted further study.
\nFrom March to April of 2008, the USGS and Nye County continued their geophysical investigation of the Highway 95 Fault using TEM and CSAMT geophysical techniques. TEM and CSAMT data were collected along the same profile as the dipole-dipole resistivity data. Modeled data from these additional studies yielded similar results to the dipole-dipole resistivity study. An area of distinct resistivity change was detected within 1.5 km of Highway 95, and it is thought that this change is the Highway 95 Fault.
\nCoordinated application of electrical and electromagnetic geophysical methods provided better characterization of the Highway 95 Fault. The comparison of dipole-dipole resistivity, TEM, and CSAMT data confirm faulting of an uplifted block of resistive Paleozoic Carbonate that lies beneath a more conductive sandstone unit. A more resistive alluvial basin-fill unit is found above the sandstone unit, and it constitutes only about 150 m of the uppermost subsurface.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nye County Nuclear Waste Repository Project Office","usgsCitation":"Macy, J.P., Kryder, L., and Walker, J., 2012, Characterization of the Highway 95 Fault in lower Fortymile Wash using electrical and electromagnetic methods, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5060, vi, 31 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125060.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5060.gif"},{"id":254593,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5060/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.83333333333333,36.333333333333336 ], [ -116.83333333333333,37 ], [ -116.08333333333333,37 ], [ -116.08333333333333,36.333333333333336 ], [ -116.83333333333333,36.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e3e4b0c8380cd4bf9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macy, Jamie P. 0000-0003-3443-0079 jpmacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-0079","contributorId":2173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macy","given":"Jamie","email":"jpmacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kryder, Levi","contributorId":25392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kryder","given":"Levi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, Jamieson","contributorId":87787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Jamieson","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}