Isla San Cristobal, the most easterly of the Galapagos Islands, consists of two parts: a large volcano constitutes the southwest half of the island and an irregular apron of small cones and flows makes up the northeast half. As some of the younger flows on the flanks of the large volcano are reversely magnetized, the minimum age of the volcano is 0.7 my, which is the age of the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal boundary. The true age is probably several times greater. The cones and flows to the northeast are all normally magnetized. The between-site angular dispersion of virtual poles is 11.3° - a value consistent with mathematical models for the latitude dependence of geomagnetic secular variation.
Craters on Mars and the Moon are alike in that larger craters differ in shape from smaller ones, and older craters differ in shape from younger ones. Smoothed depth-diameter curves for 41 large martian craters photographed by Mariner IV inflect at a crater diameter of 10–20km in a manner similar to curves for lunar craters. Below 10–20km, both depth-diameter curves are linear with a slope of roughly 1.0; above this threshold range, the curves assume a much lower slope. Diminution of lunar crater depth-diameter ratios with age indicates that the shapes of lunar and, by inference, martian craters have changed systematically since formation. Martian craters sampled here are shallower than most pre-Imbrian lunar craters. By analogy with the Moon, martian craters seem both to vary in initial shape according to the energy of the impact that formed them and to have been modified subsequently by endogenic and surface processes. A proposed model for the geologic development of large martian and lunar craters outlines a time- dependent sequence of events. Craters which have undergone rapid isostatic adjustment on the Moon have distinctive morphologies and occur preferentially along mare basin-upland margins.
40Ar/39Ar age spectra were determined for 10 terrestrial rock and mineral samples whose geologic history is known from independent evidence. The spectra for six mineral and whole rock samples, including biotite, feldspar, hornblende, muscovite, and granodiorite, that have experienced post-crystallization heating did not reveal the age of crystallization in any obvious way. Minima in the spectra, however, give reasonable maximum ages for reheating and high-temperature maxima can be interpreted as minimum crystallization ages. High-temperature ages of microcline and albite that have not been reheated are approximately 10% younger than the known crystallization age. Apparently there are no domains in these feldspars that have retained radiogenic40Ar quantitatively. Spectra from two diabase samples that contain significant quantities of excess argon might mistakenly be interpreted as spectra from reheated samples and do not give the age of emplacement. The40Ar/39Ar age spectrum technique may be a potentially valuable tool for the study of geologic areas with complex histories, but the interpretation of age spectra from terrestrial samples seems to be more difficult than suggested by some previous studies.
A useful method for the determination of silver in soil, sediment, and rock samples in geochemical exploration has been developed. The sample is digested with concentrated nitric acid, and the silver extracted with triisooctyl thiophosphate (TOTP) in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) after dilution of the acid digest to approximately 6 M. The extraction of silver into the organic extractant is quantitative and not affected by the nitric acid concentration from 4 M to 8 M, or by different volumes of TOTP-MIBK. The extracted silver is stable and remains in the organic phase up to several days. The silver concentration is determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
All carbonates associated with the ultramafic rocks and serpentinites of the western United States are shown by their stable isotope ratios to be of near-surface, low-temperature origin. These include vein materials that have been previously classified as hydrothermal. New laboratory and natural data were obtained on the equilibrium isotope relations between hydromagnesite and water. The origins of travertines in the ultramafic area are easily distinguished on the basis of their stable isotope ratios. The extremely heavy isotope ratios of nesquehonites suggest an intricate evaporating-film mechanism of formation.
A table of the analytical sensitivities of the principal lines in the thermal neutron capture gamma-ray spectrum from 0 to 3 MeV has been compiled for most of the elements. A tabulation of the full-energy, single-escape, and double-escape peaks has also been made according to energy. The tables are useful for spectral interpretation and calibration.
This note presents evidence for the natural low temperature crystallization of brucite, and also indicates the possibility of ambient temperature serpentinization.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1971.0190509","usgsCitation":"Luce, R.W., 1971, Brucite identified as crystallizing from a natural cold alkaline spring gel: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 19, no. 5, p. 335-336, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1971.0190509.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"336","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f29ee4b0c8380cd4b25e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luce, Robert W.","contributorId":103685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luce","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010307,"text":"70010307 - 1971 - Fluid inclusions in quartz crystals from South-West Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-19T00:12:08.559172","indexId":"70010307","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid inclusions in quartz crystals from South-West Africa","docAbstract":"Quartz crystals from calcite veins of unknown age in Precambrian metasedimentary rocks at Geiaus No. 6 and Aukam farms in South-West Africa contain both primary and secondary inclusions filled with one or a variable combination of: organic liquid, moderately saline aqueous liquid, dark-colored solid, and vapor. Analysis of these materials by microscopy and by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry shows the presence of constituents of both low and high molecular weights. The former include CH4, C2H6, C3H8 and possibly C4H10 as well as CO, CO2, H2O, N2 and H2. High molecular weight components are dominantly n-alkanes and isoprenoid hydrocarbons. The n-alkanes range from at least n-C10 to n-C33. Concentrations of n-alkanes larger than n-C17 decrease regularly with increasing carbon number. An homologous series of isoprenoid hydrocarbons ranging from at least C14 to C20 is present in unusually high concentrations. Pristane (C19) is most abundant, and C17 isoprenoid is least abundant. The molecular composition and distribution of hydrocarbons suggest biological precursors for these components.
Consideration of data provided by freezing, crushing and heating experiments suggests that the pressures at the time these in part supercritical fluids were trapped probably exceeded 30–40 atm, and the minimum trapping temperature was about 120–160°C. Both primary and secondary inclusions apparently containing only organic materials were trapped by the growth of the host quartz from aqueous solution. The data obtained neither prove nor preclude Precambrian, Paleozoic or younger sources for the organic materials.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7155","usgsCitation":"Brosge, W.P., and Conradi, A., 1971, Magnetic susceptibilities of crystalline rock samples, Yukon River-Porcupine River area, east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-55, Report: 8 p.; 1 Plate: 22.25 x 17.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7155.","productDescription":"Report: 8 p.; 1 Plate: 22.25 x 17.40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106520,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8653.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8653"},{"id":47633,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0055/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47632,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0055/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150943,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0055/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River-Porcupine River area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -151.283,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -151.283,\n 65.279\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 65.279\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 68\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64936b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brosge, William Peters","contributorId":40191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosge","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Peters","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conradi, Arthur","contributorId":67515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conradi","given":"Arthur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000227,"text":"1000227 - 1971 - No read -- no write","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-14T13:32:34","indexId":"1000227","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"No read -- no write","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1971)100<394:CWOSPD>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hile, R., 1971, No read -- no write: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 100, no. 2, p. 394-395, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1971)100<394:CWOSPD>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"394","endPage":"395","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hile, Ralph","contributorId":48510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hile","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":95177,"text":"95177 - 1971 - Identification of fish pathogenic bacteria: Book 2B","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:07","indexId":"95177","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Identification of fish pathogenic bacteria: Book 2B","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diseases of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"TFH Publications, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Neptune City, NJ","collaboration":"722/FH","usgsCitation":"Bullock, G.L., 1971, Identification of fish pathogenic bacteria: Book 2B.","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faae0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505348,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Axelrod, H.R.","contributorId":113171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Axelrod","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505349,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Bullock, G. L.","contributorId":69498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1013720,"text":"1013720 - 1971 - Visceral granuloma in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-27T17:18:18.64994","indexId":"1013720","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2403,"text":"Journal of Nutrition","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Visceral granuloma in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)","docAbstract":"Brook trout were fed a synthetic diet with suspect diet components added or a meat-meal diet with individual components removed to determine their effect on the incidence of visceral granuloma. Removal or addition of cottonseed meal had the greatest effect on incidence. Gossypol was not the causative agent. The disease is characterized, histologically, by the presence of Langhans-type giant cells and concretions like Schaumann bodies giving an apparent similarity to sarcoidosis in humans. Gross symptoms of the disease are papillary growths of connective tissue on the serosal surface of the stomach, and calcification of the posterior kidney. In severe cases, lesions may be present throughout the visceral mass. Visceral granuloma is similar to nephrocalcinosis in rainbow trout and may be the same disease modified by difference in species response.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1093/jn/101.11.1445","usgsCitation":"Dunbar, C.E., and Herman, R.L., 1971, Visceral granuloma in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis): Journal of Nutrition, v. 101, no. 1, p. 1445-1452, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/101.11.1445.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1445","endPage":"1452","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129404,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunbar, C. E.","contributorId":96623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"C.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, R. L.","contributorId":21101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70009790,"text":"70009790 - 1971 - On the origin of lunar soil 12033","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-19T00:34:54.180362","indexId":"70009790","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the origin of lunar soil 12033","docAbstract":"The lunar soil 12033 is compositionally distinctly different from both the local rocks at the Apollo 12 site and other lunar samples. It must be a recent deposit, else it would not have retained its identity. It contains a meteoritic component which is about 0.59 times as large as that in the more typical Apollo 12 soils. The amount of meteoritic component may be either a fortuitous residuum from the object which produced the 12033 material as crater ejecta, or 12033 may consist of a mixture of an exotic component with the local soil in approximately 41:59 proportions. The available evidence favors the latter interpretation.
Systematic geologic mapping of the near side of the Moon has provided the basis for defining and delineating the major geological provinces of the near side. From the nature of the provinces and their distribution patterns a general historical sequence evolves. Five main surface-shaping periods are recognized: (1) one of intense early impact cratering; (2) another, probably overlapping the first, during which the impact basins were formed; (3) a prolonged period of varied terra volcanism; (4) a short period of mare volcanism that resulted in filling of the multiring basins; and (5) a period of diminishing volcanic activity continuing up to the time of formation of the last ray craters.
Injections of duck hepatitis virus (DVH) decreased, and exposure to DDT increased, hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity. Injection of DFV prior to exposure to DDT did not prevent stimulation of hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity by DDT and may have enhanced it.
","language":"English","publisher":"P.J.D. Publications","publisherLocation":"Westbury, N.Y.","usgsCitation":"Ragland, W., Friend, M., Trainer, D., and Sladek, N., 1971, Interaction between duck hepatitis virus and DDT in ducks: Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology, v. 2, no. 2, p. 236-244.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"244","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4cb5e4b06e28e9cabb56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ragland, W.L.","contributorId":83110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ragland","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friend, Milton 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":31332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"Milton","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trainer, D.O.","contributorId":98674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trainer","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sladek, N.E.","contributorId":71075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sladek","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70177096,"text":"70177096 - 1971 - Earthquakes: May-June 1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-21T09:59:48","indexId":"70177096","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes: May-June 1971","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"1971, Earthquakes: May-June 1971: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 3, no. 5, p. 26-27.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":329705,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5807351de4b0841e59e288d1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Posey, Carl A.","contributorId":175126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Posey","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651260,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010331,"text":"70010331 - 1971 - Two former faces of the moon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16545,"text":"ofr71326 - 1971 - Two former faces of the Moon","indexId":"ofr71326","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Two former faces of the Moon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70010331,"text":"70010331 - 1971 - Two former faces of the moon","indexId":"70010331","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Two former faces of the moon"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-14T12:01:22","indexId":"70010331","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two former faces of the moon","docAbstract":"Systematic geologic mapping of the lunar near side has resulted in the assignment of relative ages to most visible features. As a derivative of this work, geologic and artistic interpretations have been combined to produce reconstructions of the Moon's appearance at two significant points in its history. The reconstructions, although generalized, show the Moon (1) as it probably appeared about 3.3 billion years ago after most of the mare materials had accumulated, and (2) about 4.0 billion years ago after formation of the youngest of the large multiringed basins, but prior to appreciable flooding by mare material.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(71)90115-1","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Wilhelms, D., and Davis, D., 1971, Two former faces of the moon: Icarus, v. 15, no. 3, p. 368-372, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(71)90115-1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"368","endPage":"372","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265617,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(71)90115-1"},{"id":218788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb953e4b08c986b327bca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilhelms, D.E.","contributorId":82302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelms","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, D.E.","contributorId":51310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045420,"text":"70045420 - 1971 - Hydrology of Pine Creek, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-13T12:02:17","indexId":"70045420","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Hydrology of Pine Creek, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the hydrologic characteristics of Pine Creek, Price County, Wisconsin, in order to evaluate a proposed reservoir on Pine Creek. The streamflow characteristics estimated are the mean flows, low flows, and flood peaks. The study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70045420","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Gebert, W.A., 1971, Hydrology of Pine Creek, Wisconsin: Open-File Report, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70045420.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272730,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045420/report.pdf"},{"id":270943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045420/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Price County","otherGeospatial":"Pine Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.7034683227539,\n 45.90529985724796\n ],\n [\n -90.7034683227539,\n 45.990521605233766\n ],\n [\n -90.61420440673828,\n 45.990521605233766\n ],\n [\n -90.61420440673828,\n 45.90529985724796\n ],\n [\n -90.7034683227539,\n 45.90529985724796\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516d216be4b0411d430a8a21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gebert, Warren A. wagebert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebert","given":"Warren","email":"wagebert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187504,"text":"70187504 - 1971 - Geysers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T15:20:34","indexId":"70187504","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Geysers","docAbstract":"A geyser is a special type of hot spring that from time to time spurts water above ground. It differs from most hot springs in having periodic eruptions separated by intervals without flow of water. The temperature of the erupting water is generally nearly at boiling for pure water (212°F or 100°C at sea level). Some geysers erupt less than a foot high, and a few geysers erupt to more than 150 feet. Some small geysers erupt every minute or so, but other geysers are inactive for months or even years between eruptions. Contrary to popular opinion, most geysers are very irregular in their behavior, and each is different in some respects from all others. Among the major geysers, only a few such as Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park are predictable enough to satisfy an impatient tourist. But even for Old Faithful the interval varies from about 30 to 90 minutes between eruptions, with an average interval of about 65 minutes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70187504","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, Geysers, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70187504.","productDescription":"23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340841,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70187504/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70187504/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590c3dd3e4b0e541a038dd39"} ,{"id":81413,"text":"81413 - 1971 - Inland fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:01","indexId":"81413","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Inland fisheries","docAbstract":"Today's inland commercial fisheries are small independent operational units widely dispersed on lakes, impoundments, and streams throughout the vast central plains. The problems of the fisheries are diverse and unique to local conditions. Inland fisheries are particularly important to the Nation in times of international conflict because they are distributed throughout the area and the fish can be easily harvested.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our changing fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Marine Fishery Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Cable, L.E., 1971, Inland fisheries, chap. of Our changing fisheries, p. 324-358.","productDescription":"p. 324-358","startPage":"324","endPage":"358","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49bde4b07f02db5d0caf","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Sidney","contributorId":113033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Sidney","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504059,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Cable, Louella E.","contributorId":99919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cable","given":"Louella","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70190971,"text":"70190971 - 1971 - Periodic water- and air-temperature records for Utah streams, 1966-70","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T14:28:41","indexId":"70190971","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5498,"text":"Utah Basic-Data Release","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"22","title":"Periodic water- and air-temperature records for Utah streams, 1966-70","docAbstract":"Since 1967, all Geological Survey hydrographers have been instructed to observe and record the water and air temperatures at times when water-discharge measurements were being made at stream-gaging stations in Utah. The frequency of these observations generally varies from I to 5 weeks, depending upon the magnitude of the stream flow.
This report summarizes the periodic water and air temperatures that have been recorded in Utah since that effort began. This information may be of value to individuals or agencies concerned with thermal pollution of streams, or with enforcement of water-quality standards.
A compilation of all daily water-temperature records recorded for streams in Utah by the U. S. Geological Survey during the period 1944-68 is contained in Utah Basic-Data Release No. 19.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights Salt Lake City, Utah","usgsCitation":"Whitaker, G., 1971, Periodic water- and air-temperature records for Utah streams, 1966-70: Utah Basic-Data Release 22, xi, 423 p.","productDescription":"xi, 423 p.","numberOfPages":"436","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345886,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/docview.exe?Folder=TP21-1-430&Title=Basic+Data+Report+22"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-111.046551,41.251716],[-111.046723,40.997959],[-110.750727,40.996847],[-110.715026,40.996347],[-110.539819,40.996346],[-110.500718,40.994746],[-110.375714,40.994947],[-110.250709,40.996089],[-110.237848,40.995427],[-110.125709,40.99655],[-110.121639,40.997101],[-110.048476,40.997555],[-110.006495,40.997815],[-110.000708,40.997352],[-109.999838,40.99733],[-109.97553,40.997912],[-109.855299,40.997614],[-109.854302,40.997661],[-109.715409,40.998191],[-109.713877,40.998266],[-109.676421,40.998395],[-109.534926,40.998143],[-109.500694,40.999127],[-109.250735,41.001009],[-109.231985,41.002059],[-109.173682,41.000859],[-109.050076,41.000659],[-109.048455,40.826081],[-109.049088,40.714562],[-109.048373,40.662602],[-109.048249,40.653601],[-109.048044,40.619231],[-109.050074,40.540358],[-109.049955,40.539901],[-109.050698,40.499963],[-109.050314,40.495092],[-109.050946,40.444368],[-109.050969,40.222662],[-109.050973,40.180849],[-109.050944,40.180712],[-109.050813,40.059579],[-109.050873,40.058915],[-109.050615,39.87497],[-109.05104,39.660472],[-109.051363,39.497674],[-109.050765,39.366677],[-109.051512,39.126095],[-109.052436,38.999985],[-109.053292,38.942878],[-109.053233,38.942467],[-109.053797,38.905284],[-109.053943,38.904414],[-109.054189,38.874984],[-109.057388,38.795456],[-109.059541,38.719888],[-109.060253,38.599328],[-109.059962,38.499987],[-109.060062,38.275489],[-109.054648,38.244921],[-109.041762,38.16469],[-109.041837,38.153022],[-109.04282,37.999301],[-109.042819,37.997068],[-109.043121,37.97426],[-109.041058,37.907236],[-109.041653,37.88117],[-109.041844,37.872788],[-109.041723,37.842051],[-109.041754,37.835826],[-109.041461,37.800105],[-109.042098,37.74999],[-109.041636,37.74021],[-109.04176,37.713182],[-109.041732,37.711214],[-109.042269,37.666067],[-109.042089,37.623795],[-109.042131,37.617662],[-109.041806,37.604171],[-109.041865,37.530726],[-109.041915,37.530653],[-109.043137,37.499992],[-109.043464,37.484711],[-109.04581,37.374993],[-109.046039,37.249993],[-109.045584,37.249351],[-109.045487,37.210844],[-109.045978,37.201831],[-109.045995,37.177279],[-109.045156,37.112064],[-109.045203,37.111958],[-109.045173,37.109464],[-109.045189,37.096271],[-109.044995,37.086429],[-109.045058,37.074661],[-109.045166,37.072742],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.181196,36.999271],[-109.233848,36.999266],[-109.246917,36.999346],[-109.26339,36.999263],[-109.268213,36.999242],[-109.270097,36.999266],[-109.378039,36.999135],[-109.381226,36.999148],[-109.495338,36.999105],[-109.625668,36.998308],[-109.875673,36.998504],[-110.000677,36.997968],[-110.000876,36.998502],[-110.021778,36.998602],[-110.47019,36.997997],[-110.490908,37.003566],[-110.50069,37.00426],[-110.599512,37.003448],[-110.625605,37.003416],[-110.62569,37.003721],[-110.75069,37.003197],[-111.066496,37.002389],[-111.133718,37.000779],[-111.254853,37.001077],[-111.278286,37.000465],[-111.405517,37.001497],[-111.405869,37.001481],[-111.412784,37.001478],[-112.35769,37.001025],[-112.368946,37.001125],[-112.534545,37.000684],[-112.538593,37.000674],[-112.540368,37.000669],[-112.545094,37.000734],[-112.558974,37.000692],[-112.609787,37.000753],[-112.899366,37.000319],[-112.966471,37.000219],[-113.965907,36.999976],[-113.965907,37.000025],[-114.0506,37.000396],[-114.051749,37.088434],[-114.051822,37.090976],[-114.052827,37.103961],[-114.051867,37.134292],[-114.052179,37.14711],[-114.051673,37.172368],[-114.051405,37.233854],[-114.051974,37.283848],[-114.051974,37.284511],[-114.0518,37.293044],[-114.0518,37.293548],[-114.051927,37.370459],[-114.051927,37.370734],[-114.051765,37.418083],[-114.052448,37.43144],[-114.052701,37.492014],[-114.052685,37.502513],[-114.052718,37.517264],[-114.052689,37.517859],[-114.052962,37.592783],[-114.052472,37.604776],[-114.051728,37.745997],[-114.051785,37.746249],[-114.05167,37.746958],[-114.051109,37.756276],[-114.049919,37.765586],[-114.048473,37.809861],[-114.049677,37.823645],[-114.049928,37.852508],[-114.049658,37.881368],[-114.050423,37.999961],[-114.049903,38.148601],[-114.050138,38.24996],[-114.049417,38.2647],[-114.05012,38.404536],[-114.050091,38.404673],[-114.050485,38.499955],[-114.049834,38.543784],[-114.049862,38.547764],[-114.050154,38.57292],[-114.049883,38.677365],[-114.049749,38.72921],[-114.049168,38.749951],[-114.049465,38.874949],[-114.048521,38.876197],[-114.048054,38.878693],[-114.049104,39.005509],[-114.047079,39.499943],[-114.047728,39.542742],[-114.047273,39.759413],[-114.047783,39.79416],[-114.047214,39.821024],[-114.047134,39.906037],[-114.046555,39.996899],[-114.046835,40.030131],[-114.046386,40.097896],[-114.046741,40.104231],[-114.046683,40.116931],[-114.046153,40.231971],[-114.046178,40.398313],[-114.045826,40.424823],[-114.045218,40.430282],[-114.045518,40.494474],[-114.045577,40.495801],[-114.045281,40.506586],[-114.043505,40.726292],[-114.043831,40.758666],[-114.043803,40.759205],[-114.043176,40.771675],[-114.042145,40.999926],[-114.041447,41.207752],[-114.042553,41.210923],[-114.041396,41.219958],[-114.040231,41.49169],[-114.040942,41.499921],[-114.040437,41.615377],[-114.039968,41.62492],[-114.039901,41.753781],[-114.041152,41.850595],[-114.041107,41.850573],[-114.039648,41.884816],[-114.041723,41.99372],[-113.993903,41.992698],[-113.893261,41.988057],[-113.822163,41.988479],[-113.796082,41.989104],[-113.76453,41.989459],[-113.500837,41.992799],[-113.496548,41.993305],[-113.431563,41.993799],[-113.40223,41.994161],[-113.396497,41.99425],[-113.357611,41.993859],[-113.340072,41.994747],[-113.250829,41.99561],[-113.249159,41.996203],[-113.000821,41.998223],[-113.00082,41.998223],[-112.979218,41.998263],[-112.909587,41.998791],[-112.882367,41.998922],[-112.880619,41.998921],[-112.833125,41.999345],[-112.833084,41.999305],[-112.788542,41.999681],[-112.709375,42.000309],[-112.648019,42.000307],[-112.450814,42.000953],[-112.450567,42.001092],[-112.38617,42.001126],[-112.264936,42.000991],[-112.239107,42.001217],[-112.192976,42.001167],[-112.173352,41.996568],[-112.163956,41.996708],[-112.109532,41.997598],[-112.01218,41.99835],[-111.915837,41.998519],[-111.915622,41.998496],[-111.876491,41.998528],[-111.750778,41.99933],[-111.507264,41.999518],[-111.471381,41.999739],[-111.425535,42.00084],[-111.420898,42.000793],[-111.415873,42.000748],[-111.046689,42.001567],[-111.045818,41.579845],[-111.045789,41.565571],[-111.046264,41.377731],[-111.0466,41.360692],[-111.046551,41.251716]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Utah\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59c22cb6e4b091459a61b74f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitaker, G.L.","contributorId":36983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitaker","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}