The Texas District of the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey has collected and analyzed hydrologic data since 1953 to define the effects of systems of floodwater-retarding structures on downstream water and sediment yield. The district project includes 11 study areas ranging from 18 to 80 square miles in size and from 0 to 67 in percent of study area controlled by floodwaterretarding structures. The 11 study areas are within that part of Texas where the west-to-east average annual runoff ranges from about 2 to 7 inches. This report presents results of analyses, development of methodolgy, and results of application of methods for defining the downstream effects of systems of floodwaterretarding structures.
\nAnnual inflow to and outflow from the system of floodwater-retarding reservoirs in seven of the 11 study areas were found to be related by the equation: O=0.98/ 0.68, where O is annual outflow, in inches, and / is annual net inflow, in inches. Transmission loss of structure outflow to the downstream study-area stream-gaging station was determined and compared with the transmission loss of natural flood flow between tandem stream-gaging stations on Denton Creek, a tributary to Elm Fork Trinity River above Dallas.
\nTrap efficiency of most floodwater-retarding structures was found by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service to be about 97 percent. Downstream increases in suspended-sediment concentration in the outflow were found to be large in a study area with mostly silt and clay sediments, but even a large increase in suspendedsediment concentration did not represent a significant quantitative pickup of sediment by the outflow water.
\nWater consumption in floodwater-retarding reservoirs from the combined actions of evaporation, evapotranspiration, and seepage was found to be as much as twice the average annual consumption attributable to evaporation alone. Average annual consumption in reservoirs in the seven study areas analyzed ranged from 1.57 inches of equivalent runoff in the easternmost study area, where annual runoff averaged 6.96 inches, to 0.77 inch of equivalent runoff in the westernmost study area, where the average annual runoff was 2.35 inches. The effect of consumption on downstream flow is partially offset by rainfall on pool surface. Studies covering as much as 15 years of streamflow record at the stream-gaging stations that gage outflow from the Deep and Honey Creek study areas indicated no increase in base flow.
\nMultiple-linear-regression techniques were used in developing methodology to determine reservoir consumption in seven study areas. The physical and climatic fnctors influencing consumption were grouped as variables in regard to their relative effect on the actions of evaporation, evapotranspiration, and seepage. The resulting generalized equation was then used in synthesizing the consumptive effects of a planned system of 162 floodwater-retarding reservoirs controlling 26 percent of a 1,660-square-mile drainage basin upstream from a major water-supply reservoir. The analyses were based on the assumption that all water consumed at the floodwater-retarding reservoirs would have reached the downstream watersupply reservoir. Water-sediment discharge relationships were derived for the runoff into the structures as well as for the runoff through and below the structures. A mathematical response model of the floodwater-retarding reservoir systems and the entire drainage basin was computer programed to yield monthly water and sediment inflow to the water-supply reservoir.
\nResults of the response model showed that with full development, depletion of annual yield to the large reservoir would be as much as 10 percent in the early years; but after the permanent pools of the floodwater-retarding structures had mostly filled with sediment, depletion of annual yield would be generally less than 1 percent. The depletion of yield to Garza-Little Elm Reservoir during the 39-year synthesized period of study was estimated as 296,800 acre-feet out of 18,256,000 acre-feet total yield. During the same period, the floodwater-retarding structures were estimated to have kept 19,700 acre-feet of sediment from being deposited in the reservoir.
\n\"Firm\"- or \"critical\"-yield studies were made of the large reservoir on the basis of two sets of conditions : with floodwater-retarding structures in the drainage basin, and without such structures. Results of the firm-yield studies indicated that with full development, annual firm yield would be initially reduced by 10 percent. After 30 or more years, when the permanent pools of the floodwaterretarding reservoirs would be mostly filled with sediment, the firm yield would be almost the same with or without the upstream development.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1984","usgsCitation":"Gilbert, C.R., and Sauer, S.P., 1970, Hydrologic effects of floodwater-retarding structures on Garza-Little Elm Reservoir, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1984, Report: vii, 95 p.; 3 Plates: 39.48 x 33.34 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1984.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 95 p.; 3 Plates: 39.48 x 33.34 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414124,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25366.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":94719,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1984/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94718,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1984/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138233,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1984/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26745,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1984/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94717,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1984/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Garza-Little Elm Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.775,\n 33.083\n ],\n [\n -96.775,\n 33.625\n ],\n [\n -97.617,\n 33.625\n ],\n [\n -97.617,\n 33.083\n ],\n [\n -96.775,\n 33.083\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60703b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilbert, Clarence R.","contributorId":30965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Clarence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, Stanley P.","contributorId":38966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2479,"text":"wsp01B - 1970 - Detergents and associated contaminants in ground water at three public-supply well fields in southwestern Suffolk County, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp01B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001","chapter":"B","title":"Detergents and associated contaminants in ground water at three public-supply well fields in southwestern Suffolk County, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Sampling of groups of small-diameter shallow observation wells and nearby public-supply wells screened in the upper glacial aquifer at three well fields showed that detergents (MBAS) were distributed through almost the entire saturated thickness of the aquifer. Concentrations of MBAS in water from all the wells sampled ranged from less than 0.02 to nearly 5 mg/l (milligrams per liter), whereas MBAS concentrations in water pumped from shallow public supply wells ranged from about 0.1 mg/l to about 1.3 mg/l. Upward trends in MBAS concentrations, which were observed at most of the shallow observation wells from 1961 to 1966, nearly stabilized or declined to some extent by 1968. A slight to distinct upward trend in the MBAS content of water pumped from shallow public-supply wells was observed during the same period at two of the three well fields investigated. \r\n\r\nChloride concentrations in the upper glacial aquifer, which ranged from about 5 to 80 mg/l, had a distinct upward trend at some wells apparently due to infiltration of both sewage effluent and deicing salts which were applied to roads in the winter. Nitrate concentrations also increased slightly but remained below the recommended limit for drinking water. \r\n\r\nNo MBAS was detected in water from public-supply wells tapping deeper zones in the underlying Magothy aquifer, and significant amounts of MBAS and associated contaminants are unlikely to reach those zones for many years, if present flow patterns and head relationships are not markedly changed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp01B","usgsCitation":"Perlmutter, N., and Guerrera, A., 1970, Detergents and associated contaminants in ground water at three public-supply well fields in southwestern Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2001, iv, 22 p. :illus. (2 fold. in pocket) ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp01B.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p. :illus. (2 fold. in pocket) ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2001b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28562,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2001b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28563,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2001b/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28564,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2001b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6679cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perlmutter, Nathaniel M.","contributorId":32139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perlmutter","given":"Nathaniel M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guerrera, A.A.","contributorId":86751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guerrera","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3369,"text":"cir629 - 1970 - Water laws and concepts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-25T12:59:32","indexId":"cir629","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"629","title":"Water laws and concepts","docAbstract":"Throughout human history various laws and customs have developed concerning the individual rights and rights in common to the waters of the earth. Many existing laws and concepts are clearly influenced by the environment in which they originated and reflect the relative abundance or scarcity of water. Many concepts reflect the people's original interests in the water and once established have been passed from generation to generation with little modification. Some laws and concepts have been carried by people in their migrations and colonial expansions to vastly different environments, with rather curious consequences. In many places water laws that had been well adapted to the natural environment have become less tenable because of man's activities in modifying that environment, or because of increasing use of water: Increasing consumptive use shifts the water economy toward lesser abundance or increasing deficiency; increasing nonconsumptive use results in pollution of the water resources, so that they become less suitable for other users. The water-rights systems in the United States vary from State to State: some are reasonably fitted to their environment, some have outlived their place in history, some are wasteful of water, some show favoritism to certain special interests or segments of the population. Water-use rights are universally recognized as real property, with constitutional protection against deprivation without due process of law.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir629","usgsCitation":"Thomas, H.E., 1970, Water laws and concepts: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 629, iii, 18 p. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir629.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30379,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1970/0629/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1970/0629/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a081","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, H. E.","contributorId":12829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3251,"text":"cir636 - 1970 - A review of water resources of the Umiat area, northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:21","indexId":"cir636","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"636","title":"A review of water resources of the Umiat area, northern Alaska","docAbstract":"Surface-water supplies from the Colville River, small tributary creeks, and lakes are abundant in summer but limited in winter by low or zero flow in streams and thick ice cover on lakes. \r\n\r\nFresh ground water occurs in unfrozen zones in alluvium and in the upper part of bedrock beneath the Colville River and beneath lakes that do not freeze to the bottom in winter. These unfrozen zones, forming depressions in the upper surface of permafrost, are maintained by flow of heat from bodies of surface water into subjacent alluvium and bedrock. \r\n\r\nBrackish or saline ground water occurs in bedrock beneath as much as 1,055 feet of permafrost in the Arctic foothills and beneath 750 to 800 feet of permafrost beneath low terraces of the Colville River valley. The foothill area is unfavorable for developing supplies of potable ground water because of the great depth to water, predominance of brackish or saline water, and low potential yield of the bedrock. In the Colville River valley, shallow unfrozen alluvium beneath the river and deep lakes will yield abundant year-round supplies of ground water, but the bedrock below permafrost yields less than 10 gpm (gallons per minute) of saline or brackish water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir636","usgsCitation":"Williams, J.R., 1970, A review of water resources of the Umiat area, northern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 636, iii, 8 p. :maps ;27 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir636.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p. :maps ;27 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1970/0636/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30247,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1970/0636/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a76fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John R.","contributorId":107260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":146517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1912,"text":"wsp1608K - 1970 - Water resources and related geology of Dera Ismail Khan district, West Pakistan, with reference to the availability of ground water for development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"wsp1608K","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1608","chapter":"K","title":"Water resources and related geology of Dera Ismail Khan district, West Pakistan, with reference to the availability of ground water for development","docAbstract":"Dera Ismail (D.I.) Khan District contains an area of 3,450 square miles between the right bank of the Indus River and the Sulaiman Range in westcentral West Pakistan. Agriculture is the principal source of income in the District, but only a small part of the arable land is fully utilized. The region is semiarid and has an average annual rainfall of about 9 inches and a potential evapotranspirational rate of eight to nine times the annual rainfall. Thus, rainfall alone is not adequate for high-intensity cropping. \r\n\r\nIrrigation is practiced near the Indus River; the Paharpur Canal is used, as well as the traditional inundation method. Elsewhere in the District, adequate water is supplied to local areas by karezes, perennial streams from the mountains, and some recently installed tubewells (see 'Glossary'). Further development of ground-water supplies would permit a more effective utilization of most of the presently tilled land and would allow additional land to be farmed. \r\n\r\nD.I. Khan District is primarily an alluvial plain that slopes from the mountain ranges in the northern and western parts of the District toward the Indus River. Rocks in the bordering mountains are of Paleozoic to early or middle Pleistocene age. The unconsolidated rocks of the plain, of middle (?) Pleistocene to Holocene (Recent) age, consist of piedmont deposits derived from the hills to the north and west and of alluvium laid down by the Indus River. These deposits interfinger in a transitional zone about 8 to 12 miles west of the river. Lithologic and structural features indicate that the unconsolidated rocks possibly may be divided into broad units. \r\n\r\nThe investigations in D.I. Khan District have revealed two main areas of potential ground-water development based on considerations of both permeability and chemical quality of the ground water: \r\n\r\n1. A belt about 10 miles wide parallels the Indus River from the Khisor Range southward to the area immediately south of D.I. Khan town. In this belt, the material penetrated by test holes and tubewells consists predominantly of sand, which in tubewells can yield from 2 to 3 cfs (cubic feet per second) of water with only moderate drawdown. Also in this belt, ground water of good chemical quality extends to depths of 1,000 feet or more. \r\n\r\n2. The area from the mouth of the Gumal River gorge to the vicinity of Kot Azam contains sand and gravel strata that may yield from 1 to 3 cfs of water, which contains 500 to 1,500 ppm (parts per million) of total dissolved solids. \r\n\r\nOther marginal parts of the District also contain water of good chemical quality, but developmental prospects are somewhat poorer because of greater depths to water, lower permeabilities, or greater depths to aquifers, all of which would require greater costs in the tubewell installations. The stratification or zoning of water of different chemical qualities to some extent governs the local availability of useful water. Generally, the \r\nground water of poorest quality is found in the shallow zone, and quality improves with depth. The central part of the District, in a belt reaching from the vicinity of Tank southward to the Indus River near Dera Ghfizi Khan District, contains highly mineralized water and few aquifers. The mineralization of water in this belt is due primarily to large concentrations of sodium and sulfate and thus differs from the main part of the Punjab \r\nregion where highly mineralized waters are generally chloride waters. Radical changes in water quality, both horizontally and vertically, are common in the District. Changes in chemical quality of water from large-capacity wells near areas of highly mineralized water are taking place, and further changes may be expected as withdrawals continue and increase in magnitude. Under present conditions, surface-water supplies are fully utilized, and ground water is the largest supply available for development-other than \r\nthat from the Indus River.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1608K","usgsCitation":"Hood, J.W., Khan, L.A., and Jawaid, K., 1970, Water resources and related geology of Dera Ismail Khan district, West Pakistan, with reference to the availability of ground water for development: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1608, viii, 74 p. :ill., maps (2 folded col.) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1608K.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p. :ill., maps (2 folded col.) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608k/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27230,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608k/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hood, J. W.","contributorId":87908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Khan, Lutfe Ali","contributorId":102459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"Lutfe","email":"","middleInitial":"Ali","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jawaid, Khalid","contributorId":20309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jawaid","given":"Khalid","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":3148,"text":"wsp1903 - 1970 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65: Part 1. North Atlantic slope basins: Volume 3. Basins from Maryland to York River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-02T19:47:50.663475","indexId":"wsp1903","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1903","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65: Part 1. North Atlantic slope basins: Volume 3. Basins from Maryland to York River","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1903","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65: Part 1. North Atlantic slope basins: Volume 3. Basins from Maryland to York River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1903, ix, 850 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1903.","productDescription":"ix, 850 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409076,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25128.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":30096,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1903/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1903/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.5,\n 42.936\n ],\n [\n -79.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -75.067,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -75.067,\n 42.936\n ],\n [\n -79.5,\n 42.936\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af8e4b07f02db69424c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3146,"text":"wsp1965 - 1970 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1965. Parts 9-11, Colorado River basin to Pacific slope basins in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:27","indexId":"wsp1965","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1965","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1965. Parts 9-11, Colorado River basin to Pacific slope basins in California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1965","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1965. Parts 9-11, Colorado River basin to Pacific slope basins in California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1965, xiv, 678 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1965.","productDescription":"xiv, 678 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1965/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30094,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1965/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db6519d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2477,"text":"wsp1608M - 1970 - Hydrographic and sedimentation survey of Kajakai Reservoir, Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp1608M","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1608","chapter":"M","title":"Hydrographic and sedimentation survey of Kajakai Reservoir, Afghanistan","docAbstract":"A hydrographic and sedimentation survey of Band-e Kajakai (Kajakai Reservoir) on the Darya-ye Hirmand (Helmand River) was carried out during the period September through December 1968. Underwater mapping techniques were used to determine the reservoir capacity as of 1968. Sediment range lines were established and monumented to facilitate future sedimentation surveys. Afghanistan engineers and technicians were trained to carry out future reservoir surveys. Samples were obtained of the reservoir bed and in the river upstream from the reservoir. Virtually no sediments coarser than about 0.063 millimeter were found on the reservoir bed surface. The median diameter of sands being transported into the reservoir ranged from 0.040 to 0.110 millimeter. The average annual rate of sedimentation was 7,800 acre-feet. Assuming an average density of 50 pounds per cubic foot (800 kilograms per cubic meter), the estimated average sediment inflow to the reservoir was about 8,500,000 tons (7,700,000 metric tons) per year. \r\n\r\nThe decrease in capacity at spillway elevation for the period 1953 to 1968 due to sediment deposition was 7.8 percent, or 117,700 acre-feet. Redefinition of several contours above the fill area resulted in an increase in capacity at spillway elevation of 13,600 acre-feet; thus, the net change in capacity was 7.0 percent, or 104,800 acre-feet. \r\n\r\nBased on current data and an estimated rate of compaction of deposited sediment, the assumption of no appreciable change in hydrologic conditions in the drainage area, the leading edge of the principal delta will reach the irrigation outlet in 40-45 years. \r\n\r\nIt is recommended that a resurvey of sediment range lines be made during the period 1973-75.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1608M","usgsCitation":"Perkins, D.C., and Culbertson, J.K., 1970, Hydrographic and sedimentation survey of Kajakai Reservoir, Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1608, iv, 43 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1608M.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608m/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28553,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608m/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6146cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, Don C.","contributorId":59429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culbertson, James K.","contributorId":31371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3144,"text":"wsp1926 - 1970 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 9. Colorado River basin, Volume 3. Lower Colorado River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T20:30:05.371112","indexId":"wsp1926","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1926","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 9. Colorado River basin, Volume 3. Lower Colorado River basin","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1926","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 9. Colorado River basin, Volume 3. Lower Colorado River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1926, Report; 571 p.; 1 Plate: 24.50 × 32.62 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1926.","productDescription":"Report; 571 p.; 1 Plate: 24.50 × 32.62 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30091,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1926/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30090,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1926/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1926/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":110042,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25150.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25150"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Baja California, California, Nevada, Sonora","otherGeospatial":"lower Colorado River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 31.3348710339506\n ],\n [\n -112.47802734375,\n 31.3348710339506\n ],\n [\n -112.47802734375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 31.3348710339506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db692480","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3099,"text":"wsp1966 - 1970 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1965, Parts 12-16, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin to Hawaii and other Pacific areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:39","indexId":"wsp1966","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1966","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1965, Parts 12-16, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin to Hawaii and other Pacific areas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1966","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1965, Parts 12-16, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin to Hawaii and other Pacific areas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1966, xiii, 462 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1966.","productDescription":"xiii, 462 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1966/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30011,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1966/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651ab3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3090,"text":"wsp1931 - 1970 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 11. Pacific slope basins in California, Volume 4. Northern Central Valley basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T20:09:22.744141","indexId":"wsp1931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1931","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 11. Pacific slope basins in California, Volume 4. Northern Central Valley basins","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1931","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 11. Pacific slope basins in California, Volume 4. Northern Central Valley basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1931, 611 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1931.","productDescription":"611 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":29971,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1931/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1931/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":392460,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25155.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -120.1904296875,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -120.1904296875,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 37.579412513438385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af8e4b07f02db694235","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3089,"text":"wsp1929 - 1970 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 11. Pacific slope basins in California, Volume 2. Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon state line except Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T19:57:54.098172","indexId":"wsp1929","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1929","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 11. Pacific slope basins in California, Volume 2. Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon state line except Central Valley","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1929","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 11. Pacific slope basins in California, Volume 2. Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon state line except Central Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1929, Report: 673 p.; 1 Plate: 20.50 × 35.44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1929.","productDescription":"Report: 673 p.; 1 Plate: 20.50 × 35.44 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":29970,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1929/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29969,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1929/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1929/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":110045,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25153.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25153"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -120.36621093749999,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -120.36621093749999,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 34.95799531086792\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af8e4b07f02db69428e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3088,"text":"wsp1925 - 1970 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 9. Colorado River basin, Volume 2. Colorado River basin from Green River to Compact Point","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T20:25:13.975014","indexId":"wsp1925","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1925","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 9. Colorado River basin, Volume 2. Colorado River basin from Green River to Compact Point","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1925","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 9. Colorado River basin, Volume 2. Colorado River basin from Green River to Compact Point: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1925, Report: 618 p.; 1 Plate: 19.00 × 32.15 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1925.","productDescription":"Report: 618 p.; 1 Plate: 19.00 × 32.15 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1925/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29967,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1925/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29968,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1925/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":392463,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25149.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.250,\n 35.525\n ],\n [\n -106.692,\n 35.525\n ],\n [\n -106.692,\n 43.396\n ],\n [\n -112.250,\n 43.396\n ],\n [\n -112.250,\n 35.525\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af6e4b07f02db692a93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3087,"text":"wsp1923 - 1970 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65: Part 8, western Gulf of Mexico basins: Volume 2, basins from Lavaca River to Rio Grande","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T21:15:35.313638","indexId":"wsp1923","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1923","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65: Part 8, western Gulf of Mexico basins: Volume 2, basins from Lavaca River to Rio Grande","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1923","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65: Part 8, western Gulf of Mexico basins: Volume 2, basins from Lavaca River to Rio Grande: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1923, Report: ix, 786 p.; 1 Plate: 30.00 × 36.24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1923.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 786 p.; 1 Plate: 30.00 × 36.24 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110040,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25147.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25147"},{"id":138639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1923/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1923/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29965,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1923/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"western Gulf of Mexico basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 38.376\n ],\n [\n -108.444,\n 38.376\n ],\n [\n -108.444,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 26\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db69294a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3080,"text":"wsp1905 - 1970 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 2. South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico, Volume 2. Basins from Ogeechee River to Carrabelle River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-20T18:28:27.242872","indexId":"wsp1905","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1905","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 2. South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico, Volume 2. Basins from Ogeechee River to Carrabelle River","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1905","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 2. South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico, Volume 2. Basins from Ogeechee River to Carrabelle River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1905, Report: ix, 772 p.: 1 Plate: 18.57 × 39.53 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1905.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 772 p.: 1 Plate: 18.57 × 39.53 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":29954,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1905/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":251789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1905/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247281,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1905/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390688,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25130.htm"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85,\n 25\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 25\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 34.2880\n ],\n [\n -85,\n 34.2880\n ],\n [\n -85,\n 25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af8e4b07f02db6941be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3079,"text":"wsp1904 - 1970 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 2. South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico, Volume 1. Basins from James River to Savannah River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-20T18:19:29.410377","indexId":"wsp1904","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1904","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 2. South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico, Volume 1. Basins from James River to Savannah River","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1904","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 2. South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico, Volume 1. Basins from James River to Savannah River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1904, Report: x, 942 p.; 1 Plate: 27.00 × 26.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1904.","productDescription":"Report: x, 942 p.; 1 Plate: 27.00 × 26.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":29952,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1904/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390687,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25129.htm"},{"id":29953,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1904/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1904/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.644,\n 32.05\n ],\n [\n -75.517,\n 32.05\n ],\n [\n -75.517,\n 38.33\n ],\n [\n -83.644,\n 38.33\n ],\n [\n -83.644,\n 32.05\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af8e4b07f02db69420c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3030,"text":"wsp1899G - 1970 - Measurement of mixing characteristics of the Missouri River between Sioux City, Iowa, and Plattsmouth, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:46","indexId":"wsp1899G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1899","chapter":"G","title":"Measurement of mixing characteristics of the Missouri River between Sioux City, Iowa, and Plattsmouth, Nebraska","docAbstract":"Measurements of longitudinal dispersion, transverse mixing, channel geometry, and transverse velocity distribution were made in the Missouri River at a flow of about 33,000 cubic feet per second. The results show that the longitudinal dispersion coefficient for the 141-mile reach from Sioux City, Iowa, to Plattsmouth, Nebr., is about 16,000 square feet per second (approximately 5,600 U*d, where U* is the shear velocity and d is mean depth). The transverse mixing coefficient, Ez, for a 6-mile reach immediately downstream from Blair, Nebr., is about 1.3 square feet per second (approximately 0.6 U*d). The value of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient is one of the largest ever measured, and the value of the ratio Ez/U*d is approximately three times as large as that frequently reported for small straight channels.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1899G","usgsCitation":"Yotsukura, N., Fischer, H.B., and Sayre, W., 1970, Measurement of mixing characteristics of the Missouri River between Sioux City, Iowa, and Plattsmouth, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1899, iv, 29 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1899G.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29861,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db6110ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yotsukura, Nobuhiro","contributorId":81884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yotsukura","given":"Nobuhiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, Hugo B.","contributorId":36542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Hugo","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sayre, William W.","contributorId":93894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayre","given":"William W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2122,"text":"wsp1898B - 1970 - Determination of the manning coefficient from measured bed roughness in natural channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"wsp1898B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1898","chapter":"B","title":"Determination of the manning coefficient from measured bed roughness in natural channels","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study to test the hypothesis that basic values of the Manning roughness coefficient of stream channels may be related to (1) some characteristic size of the streambed particles and to (2) the distribution of particle size. These two elements involving particle size can be combined into a single element by weighting characteristic particle sizes. The investigation was confined to channels with coarse bed material to avoid the complication of bed-form roughness that is associated with alluvial channels composed of fine bed material. \r\n\r\nFifty current-meter measurements of discharge and appropriate field surveys were made at 11 sites on California streams for the purpose of computing the roughness coefficient, n, by the Manning formula. The test sites were selected to give a wide range in average size of bed material, and the discharge measurements and surveys were made at such times as to provide data covering a suitable range in stream depth. The sites selected were relatively free of the extraneous flow-retarding effects associated with irregular channel conformation and streambank vegetation. \r\n\r\nThe characteristic bed-particle sizes used in the analyses were the 16,- 50,- and 84-percentile sizes as obtained from a cumulative frequency distribution of the diameters of randomly sampled surficial bed material. Separate distributions were computed for the minimum and intermediate values of the three diameters of a particle. The minimum diameters of the streambed particles were used in the study because a particle at rest on the bed invariably has its minimum diameter in the vertical position; this diameter is, therefore, the most representative measure of roughness height. The intermediate diameter was also studied because this is the diameter most easily measurable-either by sieve analysis or by photographic techniques--and--because it is the diameter that had been used in previous studies by other investigators. \r\n\r\nNo significant difference in reliability was found between the results obtained using minimum diameters and those obtained using intermediate diameters. In analyzing the field data, the roughness parameter, n/R1/6 (where R is hydraulic radius), was related to relative smoothness, R/d (where d is a characteristic, or weighted characteristic, particle size). The parameter n/R1/6, rather than n, was used because it is directly proportional to the square root of the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor, f, which is more widely used in theoretical studies of hydraulic friction. If the transformation of n/R1/6 to vf is made, the relations obtained in this study are of a form that is identical with that of the theoretical friction equation obtained by several investigators and that derived from field data by Leopold and Wolman (1957). The constants in the equation vary, of course, with the characteristic particle size used. \r\n\r\nThe relations best fitting the field data for this study were obtained by using either a characteristic particle diameter equal to the 84-percentile size (d84, the size equal to, or exceeding, that of 84 percent of the streambed particles), or a diameter obtained by weighting three characteristic particle sizes (dw, the size obtained by assigning a weight of 0.1 to d16 , a weight of 0.3 to d50 , and a weight of 0.6 to d84). The use of d84 alone gave slightly better results than the use of dw, and, in addition, the use of d84 alone is attractive from a standpoint of simplicity. It is difficult, however, to rationalize the use of d84 alone because of the implication that the distribution of sizes is irrelevant, and it matters not at all whether 84 percent of the bed material is sand or whether it is large cobbles, as long as 16 percent of the material is of greater size. Consequently, the author recommends the use of dw rather than d84 , although there was no unanimity of opinion on this recommendation among his colleagues who reviewed this paper. The reader is free to","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1898B","usgsCitation":"Limerinos, J.T., 1970, Determination of the manning coefficient from measured bed roughness in natural channels: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1898, v, 47 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1898B.","productDescription":"v, 47 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1898b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27710,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1898b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66753b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Limerinos, John Thomas","contributorId":102055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Limerinos","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":35034,"text":"b1312L - 1970 - Geochemical and geophysical reconnaissance of parts of the Yakutat and Mount Saint Elias quadrangles, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-09T19:00:52.262204","indexId":"b1312L","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1312","chapter":"L","title":"Geochemical and geophysical reconnaissance of parts of the Yakutat and Mount Saint Elias quadrangles, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1312L","usgsCitation":"MacKevett, E., and Plafker, G., 1970, Geochemical and geophysical reconnaissance of parts of the Yakutat and Mount Saint Elias quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1312, Report: iii, 12 p.; 1 Plate: 23.78 × 30.89 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1312L.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 12 p.; 1 Plate: 23.78 × 30.89 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109698,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21412.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"21412"},{"id":165669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1312l/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":96746,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1312l/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":96745,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1312l/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yakutat and Mount Saint Elias quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -140,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -138,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -138,\n 60.34\n ],\n [\n -140,\n 60.34\n ],\n [\n -140,\n 59\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae72c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKevett, E.M. Jr.","contributorId":58613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKevett","given":"E.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":63541,"text":"gp696 - 1970 - Natural gamma aeroradioactivity map of the Fort Worth-Dallas area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-23T18:39:14.946015","indexId":"gp696","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"696","title":"Natural gamma aeroradioactivity map of the Fort Worth-Dallas area, Texas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp696","usgsCitation":"Pitkin, J.A., 1970, Natural gamma aeroradioactivity map of the Fort Worth-Dallas area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 696, 1 Plate: 42.81 x 26.17 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp696.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 42.81 x 26.17 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":249695,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0696/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":249694,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0696/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":253262,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0696/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":491123,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6062.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Fort Worth-Dallas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.2917,\n 33.3583\n ],\n [\n -98.2917,\n 32.1667\n ],\n [\n -96.8667,\n 32.1667\n ],\n [\n -96.8667,\n 33.3583\n ],\n [\n -98.2917,\n 33.3583\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698238","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitkin, J. A.","contributorId":85194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitkin","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":269092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3749,"text":"cir632 - 1970 - Some estimates of the thermal effects of a heated pipeline in permafrost","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-25T12:55:01","indexId":"cir632","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"632","title":"Some estimates of the thermal effects of a heated pipeline in permafrost","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir632","usgsCitation":"Lachenbruch, A.H., 1970, Some estimates of the thermal effects of a heated pipeline in permafrost: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 632, vi, 23 p. :illus. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir632.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p. :illus. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30810,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1970/0632/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1970/0632/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e9e4b07f02db5e9259","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lachenbruch, Arthur H.","contributorId":27850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3812,"text":"cir628 - 1970 - Elemental sulfur in Eddy County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-25T12:55:12","indexId":"cir628","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"628","title":"Elemental sulfur in Eddy County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Sulfur has been reported in Eddy County, N. Mex., in rocks ranging from Silurian to Holocene in age at depths of 0-15,020 feet. Targets of present exploration are Permian formations in the Delaware Basin and northwest shelf areas at depths of less than 4,000 feet. Most of the reported sulfur occurrences in the shelf area are in the 'Abo' (as used by some subsurface geologists), Yeso, and San Andres Formations and the Artesia Group. Sulfur deposition in the dense dolomites of the 'Abo,' Yeso, and San Andres Formations is attributed to the reduction of ionic sulfate by hydrogen sulfide in formation waters in zones of preexisting porosity and permeability. A similar origin accounts for most of the sulfur deposits in the formations of the Artesia Group, but some of the sulfur in these formations may have originated in place through the alteration of anhydrite to carbonate and sulfur by the metabolic processes of bacteria in the presence of hydrocarbons. \r\n\r\nExploration in the Delaware Basin area is directed primarily toward the Castile Formation. Sulfur deposits in the Castile Formation are found in irregular masses of cavernous brecciated secondary carbonate rock enveloped by impermeable anhydrite. The carbonate masses, or 'castiles,' probably originated as collapse features resulting from subsurface solution and upward stopping. Formation of carbonate rock and sulfur in the castiles is attributed to the reduction of brecciated anhydrite by bacteria and hydrocarbons in the same process ascribed to the formation of carbonate and sulfur in the caprocks of salt domes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir628","usgsCitation":"Hinds, J.S., and Cunningham, R.R., 1970, Elemental sulfur in Eddy County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 628, 13 p. :ill., maps. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir628.","productDescription":"13 p. :ill., maps. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1970/0628/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30882,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1970/0628/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb0c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinds, Jim S.","contributorId":29800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinds","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, Richard R.","contributorId":32914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3485,"text":"cir635 - 1970 - Stratigraphic sections and chemical analyses of phosphatic rocks of Permian and Mississippian age in Weber County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-25T12:54:29","indexId":"cir635","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"635","title":"Stratigraphic sections and chemical analyses of phosphatic rocks of Permian and Mississippian age in Weber County, Utah","docAbstract":"Stratigraphic sections and chemical analyses of phosphatic rocks from five trench localities in Weber County, Utah, are presented. Four of the trenches are in Mississippian rocks, and one is in Permian rocks. Of the Mississippian rocks, the highest grade phosphatic interval is at the Wheat Grass Creek locality. Here the phosphatic rocks are 14.9 feet thick, and a 5.8-foot-thick zone has an average of 22.1 percent P2O5. Three localities of Mississippian rocks have 1.1 or less feet of phosphate rock that contains 24+ percent P2O5. The Permian Park City Formation and related strata, Where measured in Hardy Hollow, are 675 feet thick and consist of a 10.9-foot-thick phosphatic interval in the Grandeur Member of the Park City; the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale Tongue of the Phosphoria Formation is 171 feet thick, but it is cut by numerous faults.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir635","usgsCitation":"Schell, E.M., and Moore, K., 1970, Stratigraphic sections and chemical analyses of phosphatic rocks of Permian and Mississippian age in Weber County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 635, iii, 11 p. :map. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir635.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p. :map. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30494,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1970/0635/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1970/0635/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aebd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schell, Elmer M.","contributorId":16849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schell","given":"Elmer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, K.P.","contributorId":21967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3176,"text":"wsp1866B - 1970 - Floods of December 1964 and January 1965 in the far Western States; Part 2 Streamflow and Sediment Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T13:43:52","indexId":"wsp1866B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1866","chapter":"B","title":"Floods of December 1964 and January 1965 in the far Western States; Part 2 Streamflow and Sediment Data","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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