Accurate and timely flood forecasts are critical for making emergency-response decisions regarding public safety, infrastructure operations, and resource allocation. One of the main challenges for coastal flood forecasting systems is a lack of reliable forecast data of large-scale oceanic and watershed processes and the combined effects of multiple hazards, such as compound flooding at river mouths. Offshore water level anomalies, known as remote Non-Tidal Residuals (NTRs), are caused by processes such as downwelling, offshore wind setup, and also driven by ocean-basin salinity and temperature changes, common along the west coast during El Niño events. Similarly, fluvial discharges can contribute to extreme water levels in the coastal area, while they are dominated by large-scale watershed hydraulics. However, with the recent emergence of reliable large-scale forecast systems, coastal models now import the essential input data to forecast extreme water levels in the nearshore. Accordingly, we have developed Hydro-CoSMoS, a new coastal forecast model based on the USGS Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) powered by the Delft3D San Francisco Bay and Delta community model. In this work, we studied the role of fluvial discharges and remote NTRs on extreme water levels during a February 2019 storm by using Hydro-CoSMoS in hindcast mode. We simulated the storm with and without real-time fluvial discharge data to study their effect on coastal water levels and flooding extent, and highlight the importance of watershed forecast systems such as NOAA’s National Water Model (NWM). We also studied the effect of remote NTRs on coastal water levels in San Francisco Bay during the 2019 February storm by utilizing the data from a global ocean model (HYCOM). Our results showed that accurate forecasts of remote NTRs and fluvial discharges can play a significant role in predicting extreme water levels in San Francisco Bay. This pilot application in San Francisco Bay can serve as a basis for integrated coastal flood modeling systems in complex coastal settings worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w12092481","usgsCitation":"Tehranirad, B., Herdman, L.M., Nederhoff, K., Erikson, L.H., Cifelli, R., Pratt, G., Leon, M., and Barnard, P.L., 2020, Effect of fluvial discharges and remote non-tidal residuals on compound flood forecasting in San Francisco Bay: Water, v. 12, no. 9, 2481, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092481.","productDescription":"2481, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120224","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092481","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":465668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.88353317906419,\n 38.09730105803703\n ],\n [\n -122.88353317906419,\n 37.39198937844094\n ],\n [\n -121.86759792175883,\n 37.39198937844094\n ],\n [\n -121.86759792175883,\n 38.09730105803703\n ],\n [\n -122.88353317906419,\n 38.09730105803703\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tehranirad, Babak 0000-0002-1634-9165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1634-9165","contributorId":299107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tehranirad","given":"Babak","affiliations":[{"id":64774,"text":"contracted to USGS PCMSC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herdman, Liv M. 0000-0002-5444-6441 lherdman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5444-6441","contributorId":149964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herdman","given":"Liv","email":"lherdman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nederhoff, Kees 0000-0003-0552-3428","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0552-3428","contributorId":334091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nederhoff","given":"Kees","affiliations":[{"id":39963,"text":"Deltares-USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":922344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erikson, Li H. 0000-0002-8607-7695 lerikson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-7695","contributorId":149963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li","email":"lerikson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cifelli, Rob","contributorId":211532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cifelli","given":"Rob","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38261,"text":"NOAA/ESRL/Physical Sciences Division","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pratt, Greg","contributorId":268885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pratt","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55709,"text":"NOAA Global Systems Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leon, Michael","contributorId":347739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leon","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":140982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70211254,"text":"70211254 - 2020 - Wave-resolving Shoreline Boundary Conditions for Wave-Averaged Coastal Models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-04T14:27:20.8489","indexId":"70211254","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-01T14:54:54","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5979,"text":"Ocean Modeling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave-resolving Shoreline Boundary Conditions for Wave-Averaged Coastal Models","docAbstract":"Downscaling broadscale ocean model information to resolve the fine-scale swash-zone dynamics has a number of applications, such as improved resolution of coastal flood hazard drivers, modeling of sediment transport and seabed morphological evolution. A new method is presented, which enables wave-averaged models for the nearshore circulation to include short-wave induced swash zone dynamics that evolve at the wave group scale (i.e. averaged over the short waves). Such dynamics, which cannot be described, by construction through wave-averaged models, play a fundamental role in nearshore hydrodynamics and morphodynamics. The method is based on the implementation of a set of Shoreline Boundary Conditions (SBCs) in wave-averaged models. The chosen set of SBCs allows for proper computation of the short-wave properties at a mean shoreline () taken as the envelope of the actual shoreline. The suitability of the approach is assessed through implementation of the SBCs into the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) coupled to a spectral wave model (InWave for IG waves and SWAN for wind waves). As the aim is to assess the viability of the approach, the SBCs are implemented only through a one-way coupling to ROMS (i.e. ROMS forcing the SBCs). Four different test cases – with constant, periodic and bichromatic offshore forcing – are run to assess the model performances. The main results of the analysis are: (a) the proposed SBCs can well reproduce the shoreline motion and swash zone dynamics in there for all chosen tests (RMSE and BIAS less than 20 % up to a cross-shore resolution of 4.0 m ( or )) and (b) implementation of the SBCs allows ROMS to accurately simulate the swash zone flows even at a resolution 40 times coarser than that needed by ROMS with its own wet–dry routine to properly describe the same flows. The latter result clearly demonstrates the major computational advantage of using the proposed SBCs. We also show that most of the swash zone dynamics is due to the mean flow (i.e. incoming Riemann variable) and the local (at ) wave height. However, especially in the case of bichromatic waves, the swash zone water volume content also seems to play a crucial role.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2020.101661","usgsCitation":"Memmola, F., Coluccelli, A., Russo, A., Warner, J., and Brocchini, M., 2020, Wave-resolving Shoreline Boundary Conditions for Wave-Averaged Coastal Models: Ocean Modeling, v. 153, 101661, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2020.101661.","productDescription":"101661, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-107642","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376590,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":376554,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2020.101661"}],"volume":"153","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Memmola, Francesco","contributorId":229516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Memmola","given":"Francesco","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41663,"text":"Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Ancona 60131, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coluccelli, Alessandro","contributorId":229517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coluccelli","given":"Alessandro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41663,"text":"Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Ancona 60131, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Russo, Aniello","contributorId":229518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russo","given":"Aniello","affiliations":[{"id":41664,"text":"entre for Maritime Research & Experimentation, La Spezia 19126, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brocchini, Maurizio","contributorId":229519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brocchini","given":"Maurizio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41665,"text":"Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Department of Civil and Building Engineering and Architecture, Ancona 60131, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70237929,"text":"70237929 - 2020 - Unifying advective and diffusive descriptions of bedform pumping in the benthic biolayer of streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T14:24:10.766501","indexId":"70237929","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-01T09:21:54","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unifying advective and diffusive descriptions of bedform pumping in the benthic biolayer of streams","docAbstract":"Many water quality and ecosystem functions performed by streams occur in the benthic biolayer, the biologically active upper (~5 cm) layer of the streambed. Solute transport through the benthic biolayer is facilitated by bedform pumping, a physical process in which dynamic and static pressure variations over the surface of stationary bedforms (e.g., ripples and dunes) drive flow across the sediment-water interface. In this paper we derive two predictive modeling frameworks, one advective and the other diffusive, for solute transport through the benthic biolayer by bedform pumping. Both frameworks closely reproduce patterns and rates of bedform pumping previously measured in the laboratory, provided that the diffusion model's dispersion coefficient declines exponentially with depth. They are also functionally equivalent, such that parameter sets inferred from the 2D advective model can be applied to the 1D diffusive model, and vice versa. The functional equivalence and complementary strengths of these two models expand the range of questions that can be answered, for example, by adopting the 2D advective model to study the effects of geomorphic processes (such as bedform adjustments to land use change) on flow-dependent processes and the 1D diffusive model to study problems where multiple transport mechanisms combine (such as bedform pumping and turbulent diffusion). By unifying 2D advective and 1D diffusive descriptions of bedform pumping, our analytical results provide a straightforward and computationally efficient approach for predicting, and better understanding, solute transport in the benthic biolayer of streams and coastal sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020WR027967","usgsCitation":"Grant, S., Monofy, A., Boano, F., Gomez-Velez, J., Guymer, I., Harvey, J., and Ghisalberti, M., 2020, Unifying advective and diffusive descriptions of bedform pumping in the benthic biolayer of streams: Water Resources Research, v. 56, no. 11, e2020WR027967, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027967.","productDescription":"e2020WR027967, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121919","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020wr027967","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":408989,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, Stanley 0000-0001-6221-7211","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6221-7211","contributorId":298684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"Stanley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39959,"text":"Virginia Tech.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monofy, Ahmed 0000-0001-9641-327X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9641-327X","contributorId":298685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monofy","given":"Ahmed","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39959,"text":"Virginia Tech.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boano, Fulvio","contributorId":124515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boano","given":"Fulvio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5039,"text":"Department of Environment, Land, and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gomez-Velez, Jesus 0000-0001-8045-5926 jgomezvelez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5926","contributorId":298680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gomez-Velez","given":"Jesus","email":"jgomezvelez@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":64656,"text":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guymer, Ian 0000-0002-1425-5093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1425-5093","contributorId":298686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guymer","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64657,"text":"University of Sheffield, England","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harvey, Judson 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":219104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":856249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ghisalberti, Marco","contributorId":182034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghisalberti","given":"Marco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":856250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70216436,"text":"70216436 - 2020 - Flow‐ecology modelling to inform reservoir releases for riparian restoration and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-18T13:18:09.126565","indexId":"70216436","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-01T07:16:06","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow‐ecology modelling to inform reservoir releases for riparian restoration and management","docAbstract":"Linked hydrologic, hydraulic, and ecological models can facilitate planning and implementing water releases from reservoirs to achieve ecological objectives along rivers. We applied a flow‐ecology model, the Ecosystem Functions Model (HEC‐EFM), to the Bill Williams River in southwestern USA to estimate areas suitable for recruitment of riparian tree seedlings in the context of managing flow releases from a large dam for riparian restoration. Ecological variables in the model included timing of seed dispersal, tolerable rates of flow recession, and tolerable duration of inundation following germination and early seedling establishment for native Fremont cottonwood and Goodding's willow, and non‐native tamarisk. Hydrological variables included peak flow timing, rate of flow recession following the peak, and duration of inundation. A one‐dimensional hydraulic model was applied to estimate stage‐discharge relationships along ~58 river kilometres. We then used HEC‐EFM to apply relationships between seedling ecology and streamflow to link hydrological dynamics with ecological response. We developed and validated HEC‐EFM based on an examination of seedling recruitment following an experimental flow release from Alamo Dam in spring 2006. The model predicted the largest area of potential recruitment for cottonwood (280–481 ha), with smaller areas predicted for willow (174–188 ha) and tamarisk (59–60 ha). Correlations between observed and predicted patches with successful seedling recruitment for areas within 40 m of the main channel ranged from 0.66 to 0.94. Finally, we examined arrays of hydrographs to identify which are most conducive to seedling recruitment along the river, given different combinations of peak flow, recession rate, and water volume released. Similar application of this model could be useful for informing reservoir management in the context of riparian restoration along other rivers facing similar challenges.
In this paper, we develop and validate a rigorous modeling framework, based on Duhamel's Theorem, for the unsteady one-dimensional vertical transport of a solute across a flat sediment-water interface (SWI) and through the benthic biolayer of a turbulent stream. The modeling framework is novel in capturing the two-way coupling between evolving solute concentrations above and below the SWI and in allowing for a depth-varying diffusivity. Three diffusivity profiles within the sediment (constant, exponentially decaying, and a hybrid model) are evaluated against an extensive set of previously published laboratory measurements of turbulent mass transfer across the SWI. The exponential diffusivity profile best represents experimental observations and its reference diffusivity scales with the permeability Reynolds number, a dimensionless measure of turbulence at the SWI. The depth over which turbulence-enhanced diffusivity decays is of the order of centimeters and comparable to the thickness of the benthic biolayer. Thus, turbulent mixing across the SWI may serve as a universal transport mechanism, supplying the nutrient and energy fluxes needed to sustain microbial growth, and nutrient processing, in the benthic biolayer of stream and coastal sediments.
Coastal ecosystems in the eastern U.S. have been severely altered by human development, and climate change and other stressors are now further degrading the capacity of those ecological and social systems to remain resilient in the face of such disturbances. We sought to identify potential ways in which local conservation interests in the Lowcountry of South Carolina (USA) could participate in a social process of adaptation planning, and how that process might ultimately be broadened to engage a more diverse set of partners. We engaged participants through a combination of informal meetings, workshops, and other collaborative interactions to explore how the conservation community perceives and pursues its various missions, and how that community might confront the threats and opportunities in its future. Coproduction of knowledge and meaning were facilitated by collaborative scenario planning and strategic planning evaluation, which illuminated how the conservation community is integral to the broader governance of the region and highlighted how responses to forces of change are mediated through local culture, economics, and politics. We suggest an interpretation of conservation in which the fundamental objectives of both social and ecological systems might be prioritized in tandem, rather than narrowly focusing on environmental protection without consideration of the social landscape. Ultimately, adaptive capacity depends on the ability to act collectively, and social capital, trust, and organization greatly influence the capacity to act. Thus, we conclude that the presence of strong social networks, coordination and deliberation among diverse stakeholders, mechanisms for experiential feedback, and emphasis on social learning are key elements needed to build adaptive capacity. Central to the evolving perspective of governance of the commons is recognition that social and ecological systems are coupled; the issues and problems of one cannot be addressed without considering the consequences for the other. Moreover, a dominant theme emerging from our research and that of other scholars is the importance of culture and place attachment, which generates social cohesion and facilitates problem solving. These ideas have important implications for when, where, and how stakeholders are engaged to address the rapid changes being experienced by social-ecological systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Resilience Alliance","doi":"10.5751/ES-11700-250309","usgsCitation":"Johnson, F.A., Eaton, M.J., Mikels-Carrasco, J., and Case, D.J., 2020, Building adaptive capacity in a coastal region experiencing global change: Ecology & Society, v. 25, no. 3, 9, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-11700-250309.","productDescription":"9, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-101245","costCenters":[{"id":40926,"text":"Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5751/es-11700-250309","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381135,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.585205078125,\n 33.87953701355924\n ],\n [\n -79.07409667968749,\n 34.298068350990825\n ],\n [\n -79.3048095703125,\n 33.988918483762156\n ],\n [\n -79.2169189453125,\n 33.710632271492095\n ],\n [\n -79.40917968749999,\n 33.916013113401696\n ],\n [\n -79.991455078125,\n 33.99802726234877\n ],\n [\n -81.23291015625,\n 32.861132322810946\n ],\n [\n -81.39770507812499,\n 32.63012300670739\n ],\n [\n -81.1724853515625,\n 32.44024912337551\n ],\n [\n -81.1285400390625,\n 32.17096283641326\n ],\n [\n -80.9307861328125,\n 31.956823015897207\n ],\n [\n -80.88134765625,\n 31.942839972853083\n ],\n [\n -80.299072265625,\n 32.36140331527543\n ],\n [\n -79.3212890625,\n 33.063924198120645\n ],\n [\n -79.134521484375,\n 33.17893926058104\n ],\n [\n -79.0081787109375,\n 33.53681606773302\n ],\n [\n -78.585205078125,\n 33.87953701355924\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Fred A. 0000-0002-5854-3695 fjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-3695","contributorId":2773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred","email":"fjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, Mitchell J. 0000-0001-7324-6333 meaton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7324-6333","contributorId":169429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Mitchell","email":"meaton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mikels-Carrasco, Jessica","contributorId":245520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mikels-Carrasco","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49215,"text":"D.J. Case & Assoc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Case, David J.","contributorId":140653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Case","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13543,"text":"DJ Case & Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70212980,"text":"70212980 - 2020 - Distance effects of gas field infrastructure on pygmy rabbits in southwestern Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T13:42:10.746964","indexId":"70212980","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-31T08:11:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distance effects of gas field infrastructure on pygmy rabbits in southwestern Wyoming","docAbstract":"As domestic energy development activity continues in the western United States, wildlife conservation planning in affected regions is increasingly important. The geologic basins where oil and gas energy exploration is occurring are primarily sagebrush steppe rangelands. Sagebrush steppe habitats may support more than 20 vertebrate species of conservation concern, and for many of these species, information is lacking on the effects of gas energy development. In earlier work, we demonstrated a negative relationship among development density of gas field infrastructure and pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis). We now examine the spatial relationship among gas field infrastructure, pygmy rabbits, and their habitat on four major gas fields in southwest Wyoming. Using data collected from 120 plots over three years (2011–2013) and 2012 National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery, we evaluated (1) whether well pads are more likely to be located in areas of pygmy rabbit habitat, (2) whether the presence and abundance of pygmy rabbits are related to distance from infrastructure, and, if so, (3) how much of the total surface area on a gas field is affected. Well pads on three gas fields occurred in higher quality pygmy rabbit habitat than did a set of randomly generated points, and the abundance and probability of pygmy rabbits being present were lower within approximately 0.5–1.5 km of the nearest road and 2 km of well pads and utilities. Buffering a digital layer of roads and well pads on one gas field revealed that nearly 82% of the (4417 km2) surface area was within 1 km of infrastructure, and over 95% of the gas field surface area was within 2 km. This need not be the case on future gas fields. Directional and horizontal well drilling technologies now make it possible for gas to be recovered from a greater area per well pad, enabling future gas field developments that require fewer well pads, roads, and pipeline corridors. Such changes would enable increased well pad spacing and provide the opportunity to locate gas field infrastructure in areas of poor quality wildlife habitat, avoid high priority habitat, and conserve a greater amount of on‐field wildlife habitat overall.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3230","usgsCitation":"Germaine, S.S., Assal, T., Freeman, A., and Carter, S.K., 2020, Distance effects of gas field infrastructure on pygmy rabbits in southwestern Wyoming: Ecosphere, v. 11, no. 8, e03230, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3230.","productDescription":"e03230, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106744","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3230","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378163,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Southwest Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.478515625,\n 41.11246878918088\n ],\n [\n -108.45703125,\n 41.11246878918088\n ],\n [\n -108.45703125,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -110.478515625,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -110.478515625,\n 41.11246878918088\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germaine, Stephen S. 0000-0002-7614-2676 germaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7614-2676","contributorId":192417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germaine","given":"Stephen","email":"germaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Assal, Timothy 0000-0001-6342-2954","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":204883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, Aaron","contributorId":239831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"Aaron","affiliations":[{"id":48003,"text":"Cherokee Nation Technologies, LLC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, Sarah K. 0000-0003-3778-8615","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3778-8615","contributorId":192418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70222534,"text":"70222534 - 2020 - Combined seismic and geodetic analysis before, during and after the 2018 Mt. Etna eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-03T12:39:33.277092","indexId":"70222534","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-31T07:36:15","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined seismic and geodetic analysis before, during and after the 2018 Mt. Etna eruption","docAbstract":"In December 2018, Etna volcano experienced one of the largest episodes of unrest since the installation of geophysical monitoring networks in 1970. The unrest culminated in a short eruption with a small volume of lava erupted, a significant seismic crisis and deformation of the entire volcanic edifice of magnitude never recorded before at Mount Etna. Here we describe the evolution of the 2018 eruptive cycle from the analysis of seismic and geodetic data collected in the months preceding, during, and following the intrusion. We model the space-time evolution of high-rate deformation data starting from the active source previously identified from deformation data and the propagation of seismicity in a 3-D velocity model. The intrusion model suggests emplacement of two dikes: a smaller dike located beneath the eruptive fissure and a second, deeper dike between 1 and 5 km below sea level that opened ~2 m. The rise and eruption of magma from the shallower dike did not interrupt the pressurization of a long-lasting deeper reservoir (~6 km) that induced continuous inflation and intense deformation of the eastern flank. Shortly after the intrusion, on 26 December 2018, a ML4.8 earthquake occurred near Pisano, destroying buildings and roads in two villages. We propose a time-dependent intrusion model that supports the hypothesis of the inflation inducing flank deformation and that this process has been active since September 2018.
The immune system of ectotherms, particularly non-avian reptiles, remains poorly characterized regarding the genes involved in immune function, and their function in wild populations. We used RNA-Seq to explore the systemic response of Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) gene expression to three levels of Mycoplasma infection to better understand the host response to this bacterial pathogen. We found over an order of magnitude more genes differentially expressed between male and female tortoises (1,037 genes) than differentially expressed among immune groups (40 genes). There were 8 genes differentially expressed among both variables that can be considered sex-biased immune genes in this tortoise. Among experimental immune groups we find enriched GO biological processes for cysteine catabolism, regulation of type 1 interferon production, and regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response. Sex-biased transcription involves iron ion transport, iron ion homeostasis, and regulation of interferon-beta production to be enriched. More detailed work is needed to assess the seasonal response of the candidate genes found here. How seasonal fluctuation of testosterone and corticosterone modulate the immunosuppression of males and their susceptibility to Mycoplasma infection also warrants further investigation, as well as the importance of iron in the immune function and sex-biased differences of this species. Finally, future transcriptional studies should avoid drawing blood from tortoises via subcarapacial venipuncture as the variable aspiration of lymphatic fluid will confound the differential expression of genes.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0238202","usgsCitation":"Xu, C., Dolby, G.A., Drake, K.K., Esque, T., and Kusumi, K., 2020, Immune and sex-biased gene expression in the threatened Mojave desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii: PLoS ONE, v. 15, no. 8, e0238202, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238202.","productDescription":"e0238202, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120652","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238202","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":414542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, Cindy","contributorId":303295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Cindy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dolby, Greer A. 0000-0002-5923-0690","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5923-0690","contributorId":222726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dolby","given":"Greer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drake, K. Kristina 0000-0003-0711-7634 kdrake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0711-7634","contributorId":3799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"K.","email":"kdrake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kristina","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esque, Todd 0000-0002-4166-6234 tesque@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":195896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kusumi, Kenro","contributorId":167536,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kusumi","given":"Kenro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70212768,"text":"70212768 - 2020 - Reducing water scarcity by improving water productivity in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-27T16:59:15.03136","indexId":"70212768","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-25T11:55:08","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reducing water scarcity by improving water productivity in the United States","docAbstract":"Nearly one-sixth of U.S. river basins are unable to consistently meet societal water demands while also providing sufficient water for the environment. Water scarcity is expected to intensify and spread as populations increase, new water demands emerge, and climate changes. Improving water productivity by meeting realistic benchmarks for all water users could allow U.S. communities to expand economic activity and improve environmental flows. Here we utilize a spatially detailed database of water productivity to set realistic benchmarks for over 400 industries and products. We assess unrealized water savings achievable by each industry in each river basin within the conterminous U.S. by bringing all water users up to industry- and region-specific water productivity benchmarks. Some of the most water stressed areas throughout the U.S. West and South have the greatest potential for water savings, with around half of these water savings obtained by improving water productivity in the production of corn, cotton, and alfalfa. By incorporating benchmark-meeting water savings within a national hydrological model (WaSSI), we demonstrate that depletion of river flows across Western U.S. regions can be reduced on average by 6.2–23.2%, without reducing economic production. Lastly, we employ an environmentally extended input-output model to identify the U.S. industries and locations that can make the biggest impact by working with their suppliers to reduce water use 'upstream' in their supply chain. The agriculture and manufacturing sectors have the largest indirect water footprint due to their reliance on water-intensive inputs but these sectors also show the greatest capacity to reduce water consumption throughout their supply chains.
","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Science","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ab9d39","usgsCitation":"Marston, L., Lamsal, G., Ancona, Z.H., Caldwell, P.V., Richter, B., Ruddell, B., Rushforth, R., and Davis, K.F., 2020, Reducing water scarcity by improving water productivity in the United States: Environmental Research Letters, v. 15, no. 9, 094033, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab9d39.","productDescription":"094033, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-114542","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab9d39","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": 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-122.34,\n 47.36\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 48.18\n ],\n [\n -122.84,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -117.03121,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -116.04818,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -110.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -107.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104.04826,\n 48.99986\n ],\n [\n -100.65,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -97.22872,\n 49.0007\n ],\n [\n -95.15907,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -95.15609,\n 49.38425\n ],\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"United States\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marston, Landon 0000-0001-9116-1691","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-1691","contributorId":239626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marston","given":"Landon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47941,"text":"Department of Civil Engineering, Kansas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamsal, Gambhir","contributorId":239627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamsal","given":"Gambhir","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47941,"text":"Department of Civil Engineering, Kansas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ancona, Zachary H. 0000-0001-5430-0218 zancona@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5430-0218","contributorId":5578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ancona","given":"Zachary","email":"zancona@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caldwell, Peter V","contributorId":145892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"V","affiliations":[{"id":6684,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Aiken, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richter, Brian","contributorId":239628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richter","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":797432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ruddell, Benjamin 0000-0003-2967-9339","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-9339","contributorId":239629,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruddell","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47944,"text":"School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rushforth, Richard","contributorId":239630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rushforth","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":797434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Davis, Kyle F. 0000-0003-4504-1407","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4504-1407","contributorId":239631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":47945,"text":"Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences & Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70213222,"text":"70213222 - 2020 - Measuring basal force fluctuations of debris flows using seismic recordings and empirical green's functions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-16T13:12:33.042211","indexId":"70213222","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-25T07:31:09","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6503,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measuring basal force fluctuations of debris flows using seismic recordings and empirical green's functions","docAbstract":"We present a novel method for measuring the fluctuating basal normal and shear stresses of debris flows by using along‐channel seismic recordings. Our method couples a simple parameterization of a debris flow as a seismic source with direct measurements of seismic path effects using empirical Green's functions generated with a force hammer. We test this method using two large‐scale (8 and 10 m3) experimental flows at the U.S. Geological Survey debris‐flow flume that were recorded by dozens of three‐component seismic sensors. The seismically derived basal stress fluctuations compare well in amplitude and timing to independent force plate measurements within the valid frequency range (15–50 Hz). We show that although the high‐frequency seismic signals provide band‐limited forcing information, there are systematic relations between the fluctuating stresses and independently measured flow properties, especially mean basal shear stress and flow thickness. However, none of the relationships are simple, and since the flow properties also correlate with one another, we cannot isolate a single factor that relates in a simple way to the fluctuating forces. Nevertheless, our observations, most notably the gradually declining ratio of fluctuating to mean basal stresses during flow passage and the distinctive behavior of the coarse, unsaturated flow front, imply that flow style may be a primary control on the conversion of translational to vibrational kinetic energy. This conversion ultimately controls the radiation of high‐frequency seismic waves. Thus, flow style may provide the key to revealing the nature of the relationship between fluctuating forces and other flow properties.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020JF005590","usgsCitation":"Allstadt, K.E., Farin, M., Iverson, R.M., Obryk, M., Kean, J.W., Tsai, V.C., Rapstine, T.D., and Logan, M., 2020, Measuring basal force fluctuations of debris flows using seismic recordings and empirical green's functions: Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface, v. 125, no. 9, e2020JF005590, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JF005590.","productDescription":"e2020JF005590, 28 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120262","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jf005590","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allstadt, Kate E. 0000-0003-4977-5248","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4977-5248","contributorId":138704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allstadt","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farin, Maxime 0000-0002-0250-2499","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0250-2499","contributorId":221438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farin","given":"Maxime","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Obryk, Maciej K. 0000-0002-8182-8656","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8182-8656","contributorId":203477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obryk","given":"Maciej","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tsai, Victor C. 0000-0003-1809-6672","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1809-6672","contributorId":199684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsai","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27150,"text":"Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rapstine, Thomas D 0000-0001-5939-9587","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5939-9587","contributorId":224777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapstine","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Logan, Matthew 0000-0002-3558-2405 mlogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-2405","contributorId":638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Matthew","email":"mlogan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70212840,"text":"70212840 - 2020 - Identifying sustainable winter habitat for whooping cranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-24T16:04:27.058967","indexId":"70212840","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-21T08:59:25","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6474,"text":"Journal of Nature Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying sustainable winter habitat for whooping cranes","docAbstract":"The only self-sustaining population of endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) requires a network of conservation lands for wintering along the Texas Gulf Coast (USA), so that this increasing population can reach downlisting under the Endangered Species Act (1,000 birds). We identify locations providing the highest quality and most sustainable wintering habitat for these whooping cranes through 2100 by predicting future habitats under three projections of sea level rise (0.6, 1.0 and 2.0 m by 2100), while incorporating two scenarios of future urban development. Our method combines predictions of future habitat quality with current whooping crane density estimates to calculate the potential carrying capacity of whooping cranes for each 10 m pixel within this 17,725 km2 area. We found whooping cranes used locations with salt marsh at twice the rate of places lacking marsh. Areas > 15 km from development or < 2 km from estuarine water had increased crane use. Predicted area of salt marsh habitat oscillated across time given different rates of sea level rise. One urbanization scenario predicted 3% and the other 1% of the area converting to development by 2100. We estimated the study area can support 4414 (95% CI: 4096-4789) whooping cranes currently, 4795 (95% CI: 4402-5269) with 0.6 m sea level rise, 3559 (95% CI: 3352-3791) with 1 m sea level rise, and 2480 (95% CI: 2375-2592) with 2 m sea level rise by 2100, under the more aggressive urban development scenario. By anticipating climate-induced habitat loss with species population expansion we provide the requisite spatial information for conservation planners to build a sustainable conservation estate for downlisting whooping cranes. By coupling wildlife biology with conservation planning and on-the-ground implementation, our work exemplifies a proactive approach to recover endangered species.
Animal structural body size and condition are often measured to evaluate individual health, identify responses to environmental change and food availability, and relate food availability to effects on reproduction and survival. A variety of condition metrics have been developed but relationships between these metrics and vital rates are rarely validated. Identifying an optimal approach to estimate the body condition of polar bears is needed to improve monitoring of their response to decline in sea ice habitat. Therefore, we examined relationships between several commonly used condition indices (CI), body mass, and size with female reproductive success and cub survival among polar bears (Ursus maritimus) measured in two subpopulations over three decades. To improve measurement and application of morphometrics and CIs, we also examined whether CIs are independent of age and structural size–an important assumption for monitoring temporal trends—and factors affecting measurement precision and accuracy. Maternal CIs and mass measured the fall prior to denning were related to cub production. Similarly, maternal CIs, mass, and length were related to the mass of cubs or yearlings that accompanied her. However, maternal body mass, but not CIs, measured in the spring was related to cub production and only maternal mass and length were related to the probability of cub survival. These results suggest that CIs may not be better indicators of fitness than body mass in part because CIs remove variation associated with body size that is important in affecting fitness. Further, CIs exhibited variable relationships with age for growing bears and were lower for longer bears despite body length being related to cub survival and female reproductive success. These results are consistent with findings from other species indicating that body mass is a useful metric to link environmental conditions and population dynamics.
Biological invasions threaten species and ecosystems worldwide. Impacts from invasions are especially prevalent in freshwaters, where managers have struggled to contain the problem. Conventional approaches to managing invaders focus on prevention and control. In practice, these measures have proven to be variably effective. Control or eradication of established invaders is particularly difficult and, even if ecologically feasible, it may not be socially desirable. Here we propose a new alternative to managing invasive species: managing impact modifiers (MIM). The MIM approach focuses on managing impacts, rather than controlling the invader directly. We reviewed the literature for the world's worst invasive fishes in freshwaters to show there is strong evidence to support the potential for MIM as an effective means of managing impacts of invasions. This included evidence pointing to characteristics of the environment or species themselves that modify impacts of invasions. Detail of three case studies reinforces the potential for MIM as a viable option. Although MIM appears promising, effective application could involve significant investment in an information gathering phase to identify impact modifiers and the means to manage them. Accordingly, MIM is best incorporated into management plans that include a strong learning or adaptive component. Ultimately, MIM may be one of the only viable alternatives for managing invasive species that are truly out of control.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wat2.1476","usgsCitation":"Dunham, J., Arismendi, I., Murphy, C., Koeberle, A., Olivos, J.A., Pearson, J.B., Pickens, F., Roon, D., and Stevenson, J.R., 2020, What to do when invaders are out of control?: WIREs Water, v. 7, no. 5, e1476, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1476.","productDescription":"e1476, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-115614","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunham, Jason 0000-0002-6268-0633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":220078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arismendi, Ivan 0000-0002-8774-9350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-9350","contributorId":202207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arismendi","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Christina","contributorId":329814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Christina","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koeberle, Alex","contributorId":329815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koeberle","given":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olivos, J Andres","contributorId":329816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olivos","given":"J","email":"","middleInitial":"Andres","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pearson, James B","contributorId":221480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pickens, Francisco","contributorId":329817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pickens","given":"Francisco","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roon, David","contributorId":257063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roon","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stevenson, John R.","contributorId":147936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevenson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":883373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70212610,"text":"70212610 - 2020 - Winter survival of female Ring-Necked Ducks in the Southern Atlantic Flyway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-28T15:53:05.262236","indexId":"70212610","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-14T09:00:29","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter survival of female Ring-Necked Ducks in the Southern Atlantic Flyway","docAbstract":"North American waterfowl harvest regulations are largely guided by the status of breeding populations. Nonetheless, understanding the demographics of wintering waterfowl populations can elucidate the effects of hunting pressure on population dynamics. The ring‐necked duck (Aythya collaris) breeds and winters in all North American administrative flyways and is one of the most abundant and most harvested diving ducks in the Atlantic Flyway. But few studies have investigated the winter ecology of ring‐necked ducks. We used a known‐fate analysis to estimate period survival probability using data from 87 female ring‐necked ducks marked with satellite transmitters in 2 regions of the southern Atlantic Flyway during winters of 2017–2018 and 2018–2019. Winter (128‐day) survival probability was higher for individuals in the Red Hills region of southern Georgia and northern Florida (0.875, 95% CI = 0.691–0.952) than individuals in central South Carolina (0.288, 95% CI = 0.082–0.514). We attribute the regional disparity in winter survival probabilities to differences in hunting pressure, which are reflected in the number of harvests we observed in each region. Our findings warrant further investigation into regional variation in winter survival of southern Atlantic Flyway ring‐necked ducks, and, specifically, the relationship between variable harvest pressure and winter survival and its influence on ring‐necked duck population dynamics and adaptive harvest management decisions.
The Taiya River flows through the Chilkoot Trail Unit of Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park in southeast Alaska, which was founded to preserve cultural and historical resources and further understanding of natural processes active in the surrounding coastal-to-subarctic basin. Riverine processes exert an important influence on ecologically important boreal toad (Anaxryus boreas boreas), salmon [chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), pink salmon (O. gorbushca), and coho salmon (O. kisutch)], and eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) habitats, erosion of the historic ghost town of Dyea and other cultural and historical artifacts, and recreational opportunities in the lower 7.5 kilometers (km) of the Taiya River valley bottom. Recurrent consideration of hydroelectric development in West Creek upstream of the park since the 1980s has included proposals for damming and diverting West Creek, which could alter the delivery of water and sediment to this section of the Taiya River. To improve understanding of the hydrologic dependence of park resources for the purposes of guiding effective monitoring and conservation, this study, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the National Park Service, used a review of hydrologic data, collection of discrete suspended sediment data, geomorphic mapping, and analysis of historical aerial and ground photographs in a reconnaissance of formative geomorphic processes and hydrologic conditions in the lower 7.5 km of the Taiya River valley bottom.
Streamflow and suspended sediment data collected at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgages on the Taiya River and West Creek, combined with historical data, document conditions consistent with streams draining strongly glacierized basins in Alaska. Suspended sediment concentrations from samples collected concurrently over six varying flow levels during 2017–18 ranged from 6 to 284 milligrams per liter (mg/L) for the Taiya River and 13 to 162 mg/L for West Creek, which are similar to or slightly higher than historical values. For the common period of record (1970–77), correlation of daily mean discharge between the two streams was strongest (Pearson’s r = 0.97) during the prolonged May–October high-flow season and weakest (r = 0.90) during the November–April low-flow season, when West Creek daily mean discharge was proportionally higher. For the Taiya River, streamflow data compared between the available periods of record (1970–77 and 2004–17) showed no decadal-scale patterns in mean annual discharge but did show a shift toward an earlier spring snowmelt pulse. Notable flooding in the Taiya River Basin includes glacial lake outburst floods from the Nourse River valley prior to and during the 1897–98 Gold Rush, a 2002 glacial lake outburst flood from the West Creek valley, and a 1967 rainfall-generated flood.
Geomorphic mapping identified four categories of surfaces in the valley bottom—active main stem, abandoned main stem, alluvial fans, and emergent tidal surfaces. Using the maps, main-stem surfaces were subdivided into age categories to identify channel migration patterns from prior to 1940s to 2018. The valley bottom is dominated by active or abandoned channels of the Taiya River except at the extensive low-angle West Creek fan. The active main stem presently supports a mostly single-thread channel with bars and a few sloughs, but the channel actively moved and sometimes was braided within multiple, wider unvegetated corridors in 1894 and earlier. An inventory of 29 off-main-stem channels identified for the study indicates that abandoned main stem channels provide local topographic lows that can intercept groundwater or sustain tributary flow, facilitating the formation of most nonestuarine wetlands in the valley and sustaining important boreal toad breeding habitat.
Within the active main stem corridor, the channel has episodically built and reworked meanders and bars, eroding more than one-half of the historic Dyea townsite, in response to glacially controlled delivery of water and sediment, flooding, inputs from West Creek, local features including large woody debris and beaver dams, and rapid uplift from isostatic rebound. West Creek has constructed a large, persistent fan, provoked kilometer-scale Taiya River channel change near the confluence, constructively added to high-season streamflow that affects Taiya River channel migration capacity, disproportionately contributed early-season streamflow, and possibly contributed to groundwater levels in the valley bottom. The progressive narrowing and stability of the main stem corridor, possibly a result of reduction in the magnitude or frequency of glacial lake outburst floods or glacial sediment delivery to streams, indicates less active future reworking of abandoned main-stem surfaces or regeneration of wetland features. The fluvial history of the Taiya River valley bottom collectively indicates continued channel change within a limited corridor, relative stability in wetland locations but uncertainty in stability of groundwater supply to them, and channel incision and extension in response to uplift.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205059","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Curran, J.H., 2020, Hydrology and geomorphology of the Taiya River near the West Creek Tributary, southeast Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5059, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205059.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 57 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-102183","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376975,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5059/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":376976,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5059/sir20205059.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":376977,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XP1SE7","linkHelpText":"Geomorphic surface and channel boundaries for the lower 7.5 kilometers of the Taiya River Valley, southeast Alaska, 2018"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Taiya River Near the West Creek Tributary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -137.5927734375,\n 57.71588512774503\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 57.657157596582984\n ],\n [\n -132.64892578125,\n 57.621875380195455\n ],\n [\n -132.64892578125,\n 59.877911874831156\n ],\n [\n -137.61474609375,\n 59.877911874831156\n ],\n [\n -137.5927734375,\n 57.71588512774503\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
Tallgrass prairie is a disturbance‐dependent ecosystem that has suffered steep declines in the midwestern United States. The necessity of disturbance, typically fire or grazing, presents challenges to managers who must apply them on increasingly small and fragmented parcels. The goal of this study was to compare effects of management using cattle grazing or fire on vegetation and soil characteristics to aid managers in making decisions regarding the kind of disturbance to apply. We selected 73 sites, of which 27 were managed solely by cattle grazing and 46 solely by fire, for at least 11 yr leading up to the study. We stratified the sites by prairie type (dry, mesic, and wet) and sampled frequency of plant species on randomly placed transects, supplemented with botanist‐directed walks, and collected and composited five soil cores on a randomly selected transect within each prairie type at each site. We calculated rarefied richness and Shannon evenness from the transect data and mean coefficient of conservatism (CofC) from the total list of species. Soil samples were analyzed for texture, bulk density, total N and C, and potential net N nitrification and mineralization. A nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis of the plant community data revealed differences in species associated with mesic and wet prairies, but no separation by management type. Similarly, none of the vegetation variables we calculated varied by management type, as determined by mixed‐effects models, but soil bulk density was 17.5% higher and total N was 22% higher on grazed sites than burned sites. Sites burned more recently had higher species richness and mean CofC, but fire was not associated with any soil variables. Sites grazed more recently had higher bulk density, total N and C, and faster N cycling rates. Overall, 28% of plant species were found exclusively in one management type or the other, but these species did not vary in mean CofC. We conclude that, at the levels of burning and grazing intensity we studied, both management approaches produce similar C storage and vegetation responses. To maintain maximum diversity across the landscape, however, both approaches are necessary.
Mount Shasta, a 400 km3 volcano in northern California (United States), is the most voluminous stratocone of the Cascade arc. Most Mount Shasta lavas vented at or near the present summit; relatively smaller volumes erupted from scattered vents on the volcano’s flanks. An apron of pyroclastic and debris flows surrounds it.
Shastina, a large and distinct cone on the west side of Mount Shasta, represents a brief but exceptionally vigorous period of eruptive activity. Its volume of ∼13.5 km3 would make Shastina itself one of the larger Holocene Cascade stratovolcanoes. Its andesite-dacite lavas average 63 wt% SiO2 and have little compositional or petrographic variation; they erupted almost entirely from one central vent, although a single vent below Shastina’s north side erupted a flow of the same composition. Eruptions ended with explosive enlargement and breaching of the central crater and successive emplacement of four, more-silicic dacite domes within the crater and pyroclastic flows down its flank. Black Butte, a large volcanic dome and pyroclastic complex below the west flank of Shastina, is petrographically and chemically distinct but only slightly younger than Shastina itself, part of a nearly continuous Shastina–Black Butte eruptive episode.
Shastina overlies the widespread pumice of Red Banks, erupted from the Mount Shasta summit area and 14C dated at ca. 10,900 yr B.P. (calibrated). Shastina and Black Butte pyroclastic deposits have calibrated 14C ages indistinguishable from one another at ca. 10,700 cal. yr B.P. A cognate granitic-textured inclusion in a late Shastina lava flow yields a 238U-230Th date on zircons within error of those ages. Our conclusion that the entire, voluminous Shastina–Black Butte episode lasted no more than a few hundred years is confirmed by almost identical remanent magnetic directions of all of the lavas and pyroclastic deposits. Although extremely similar, the remanent magnetic directions do reveal a short path of secular variation through the eruptive sequence. We conclude that the entire Shastina–Black Butte eruptive episode lasted no more than ∼200 yr.
The magmas that produced the Shastina and Black Butte eruptions were separate individual bodies at different crustal levels. Each of these eruptive sequences probably represents magma approximating a liquid composition that experienced only minimal differentiation or crustal contamination and remained separated from the main central conduit for most eruptions of Mount Shasta. The probability of another rapidly developing, brief but voluminous eruptive episode at Mount Shasta is low but should not be ignored in evaluating future possible eruptive hazards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02080.1","usgsCitation":"Christiansen, R.L., Calvert, A.T., Champion, D.E., Gardner, C.A., Fierstein, J., and Vazquez, J.A., 2020, The remarkable volcanism of Shastina, a stratocone segment of Mount Shasta, California: Geosphere, v. 16, no. 5, p. 1153-1178, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02080.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1153","endPage":"1178","ipdsId":"IP-096141","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02080.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Shastina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.24191149164602,\n 41.4216022165275\n ],\n [\n -122.24191149164602,\n 41.398796198932615\n ],\n [\n -122.20943661446428,\n 41.398796198932615\n ],\n [\n -122.20943661446428,\n 41.4216022165275\n ],\n [\n -122.24191149164602,\n 41.4216022165275\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christiansen, Robert L. 0000-0002-8017-3918 rchris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":4412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Robert","email":"rchris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calvert, Andrew T. 0000-0001-5237-2218 acalvert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2218","contributorId":2694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"Andrew","email":"acalvert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Champion, Duane E. 0000-0001-7854-9034 dchamp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-9034","contributorId":2912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"Duane","email":"dchamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gardner, Cynthia A. 0000-0002-6214-6182 cgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6214-6182","contributorId":1959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Cynthia","email":"cgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fierstein, Judith E. 0000-0001-8024-1426","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-1426","contributorId":329988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"Judith E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vazquez, Jorge A. 0000-0003-2754-0456 jvazquez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-0456","contributorId":4458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vazquez","given":"Jorge","email":"jvazquez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70213333,"text":"70213333 - 2020 - Postfire growth of seeded and planted big sagebrush - Strategic designs for restoring Greater Sage-grouse nesting habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-30T16:08:28.123815","indexId":"70213333","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-09T09:47:40","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postfire growth of seeded and planted big sagebrush - Strategic designs for restoring Greater Sage-grouse nesting habitat","docAbstract":"Wildfires change plant community structure and impact wildlife habitat and population dynamics. Recent wildfire‐induced losses of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) in North American shrublands are outpacing natural recovery and leading to substantial losses in habitat for sagebrush‐obligate species such as Greater Sage‐grouse. Managers are considering restoration strategies that include planting container‐grown sagebrush to improve establishment within areas using more conventional seeding methods. Although it is thought that planting sagebrush provides initial structural advantages over seeding, empirical comparisons of sagebrush growth are lacking between individuals established post‐fire using both methods. Using a Bayesian hierarchical approach, we evaluated sagebrush height and canopy area growth rates for plants established in 26 seeded and 20 planted locations within the Great Basin. We then related recovery rates to previously published nesting habitat requirements for sage‐grouse. Under average weather conditions, planted or seeded sagebrush will require 3 or 4 years, respectively, and a relatively high density (≥ 2 plants/m2) to achieve the minimum recommended canopy cover for sage‐grouse (15 %). Sagebrush grown in warmer and drier conditions met this cover goal months earlier. Although planted sagebrush reached heights to meet sage‐grouse nesting requirements (30 cm) one year earlier than seeded plants, seeded individuals were ~19 cm taller with 410 cm2 more canopy area than planted sagebrush after 8 years. However, big sagebrush establishment from seed is unreliable. Strategically planting small, high density patches of container‐grown sagebrush in historic sage‐grouse nesting habitat combined with lower density seedings in larger surrounding areas may accelerate sage‐grouse habitat restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Ecological Restoration","doi":"10.1111/rec.13264","usgsCitation":"Pyke, D.A., Shriver, R.K., Arkle, R.S., Pilliod, D., Aldridge, C., Coates, P.S., Germino, M., Heinrichs, J., Ricca, M.A., and Shaff, S.E., 2020, Postfire growth of seeded and planted big sagebrush - Strategic designs for restoring Greater Sage-grouse nesting habitat: Restoration Ecology, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1495-1504, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13264.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1495","endPage":"1504","ipdsId":"IP-114824","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13264","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.97216796875,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -112.1484375,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -111.51123046875,\n 39.99395569397331\n ],\n [\n -111.46728515624999,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -112.06054687499999,\n 44.11914151643737\n ],\n [\n -112.17041015625,\n 44.41808794374846\n ],\n [\n -113.5986328125,\n 43.70759350405294\n ],\n [\n -114.63134765625001,\n 43.46886761482925\n ],\n [\n -115.927734375,\n 44.10336537791152\n ],\n [\n -116.76269531249999,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -118.037109375,\n 44.66865287227321\n ],\n [\n -120.32226562500001,\n 44.29240108529005\n ],\n [\n -121.00341796874999,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -121.2451171875,\n 43.48481212891603\n ],\n [\n -120.78369140624999,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -120.25634765624999,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -119.81689453125,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -118.5205078125,\n 36.756490329505176\n ],\n [\n -116.82861328125001,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -116.76269531249999,\n 36.80928470205937\n ],\n [\n -114.2138671875,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -113.9501953125,\n 37.35269280367274\n ],\n [\n -113.97216796875,\n 37.42252593456307\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shriver, Robert K. 0000-0002-4590-4834","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4590-4834","contributorId":210332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shriver","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arkle, Robert S. 0000-0003-3021-1389","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3021-1389","contributorId":218006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arkle","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":229349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":213471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron L.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Germino, Matthew 0000-0001-6326-7579","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":218007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Heinrichs, Julie A. 0000-0001-7733-5034","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7733-5034","contributorId":240888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heinrichs","given":"Julie A.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ricca, Mark A. 0000-0003-1576-513X mark_ricca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-513X","contributorId":139103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"Mark","email":"mark_ricca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Shaff, Scott E. 0000-0001-8978-9260","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-9260","contributorId":219813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaff","given":"Scott","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70212590,"text":"70212590 - 2020 - Focused fluid flow along the Nootka Fault Zone and continental slope, Explorer-Juan de Fuca plate boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-25T13:31:23.062953","indexId":"70212590","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-07T08:55:59","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Focused fluid flow along the Nootka Fault Zone and continental slope, Explorer-Juan de Fuca plate boundary","docAbstract":"Geophysical and geochemical data indicate there is abundant fluid expulsion in the Nootka fault zone (NFZ) between the Juan de Fuca and Explorer plates and the Nootka continental slope. Here we combine observations from > 20 years of investigations to\ndemonstrate the nature of fluid-flow along the NFZ, which is the seismically most active region off Vancouver Island. Seismicity reaching down to the upper mantle is linked to near-seafloor manifestation of fluid flow through a network of faults. Along the two main fault traces, seismic reflection data imaged bright spots 100 300 m below seafloor that lie above changes inbasement topography. The bright spots are conformable to sediment layering, show opposite-toseafloor reflection polarity, and are associated with frequency-reduction and velocity push-down indicating the presence of gas in the sediments. Two seafloor mounds ~15 km seaward of the Nootka slope are underlain by deep, non-conformable high amplitude reflective zones. Measurements in the water column above one mound revealed a plume of warm water, and bottom-video observations imaged hydrothermal vent system biota. Pore fluids from a core at this mound contain predominately microbial methane (C1) with a high proportion of ethane (C2) yielding C1/C2 ratios < 500 indicating a possible slight contribution from a deep source. We infer the reflective zones beneath the two mounds are basaltic intrusions that create hydrothermal circulation within the overlying sediments. Across the Nootka continental slope, gas hydrate related bottom-simulating reflectors are widespread and occur at depths indicating heat-flow values of 80 90 mW/m2.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020GC009095","usgsCitation":"Riedel, M., Rohr, K..., Spence, G.D., Kelley, D., Delaney, J., Lapham, L., Pohlman, J., Hyndman, R., and Willoughby, E., 2020, Focused fluid flow along the Nootka Fault Zone and continental slope, Explorer-Juan de Fuca plate boundary: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 21, no. 8, e2020GC009095, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GC009095.","productDescription":"e2020GC009095, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120436","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gc009095","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -127.2216796875,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -120.36621093749999,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -120.36621093749999,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -127.2216796875,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -127.2216796875,\n 41.83682786072714\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riedel, M.","contributorId":238948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riedel","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":47829,"text":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1 – 3, 24148 Kiel, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rohr, K .M. M.","contributorId":238949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rohr","given":"K","email":"","middleInitial":".M. M.","affiliations":[{"id":47832,"text":"Geological Survey of Canada – Pacific, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney BC, V8L 4B2, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spence, G. D.","contributorId":238950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spence","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":47833,"text":"School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Bob Wright Centre A405, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelley, D.","contributorId":238951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelley","given":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":47834,"text":". School of Oceanography, University of Washington, 1503 NE Boat Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Delaney, J.","contributorId":238952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delaney","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47835,"text":"School of Oceanography, University of Washington, 1503 NE Boat Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lapham, L.","contributorId":189178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lapham","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pohlman, John 0000-0002-3563-4586","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-4586","contributorId":220804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hyndman, R.D.","contributorId":238953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hyndman","given":"R.D.","affiliations":[{"id":47836,"text":"Geological Survey of Canada – Pacific, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney BC, V8L 4B2, Canada 3. School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Bob Wright Centre A405, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Willoughby, E.C.","contributorId":238954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willoughby","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47836,"text":"Geological Survey of Canada – Pacific, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney BC, V8L 4B2, Canada 3. School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Bob Wright Centre A405, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70211994,"text":"70211994 - 2020 - Generalized models to estimate carbon and nitrogen stocks of organic soil horizons in Interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-13T12:56:44.564102","indexId":"70211994","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-06T07:53:36","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6009,"text":"Earth System Science Data (ESSD)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generalized models to estimate carbon and nitrogen stocks of organic soil horizons in Interior Alaska","docAbstract":"Boreal ecosystems comprise one tenth of the world’s land surface and contain over 20 % of the global soil carbon (C) stocks. Boreal soils are unique in that its mineral soil is covered by what can be quite thick layers of organic soil. These organic soil layers, or horizons, can differ in their state of decomposition, source vegetation, and disturbance history. These differences result in varying soil properties (bulk density, C concentration, and nitrogen (N) concentration) among soil horizons. Here we summarize these soil properties, as represented by over 3000 samples from Interior Alaska, and examine how soil drainage and stand age affect these attributes. The summary values presented here can be used to gap-fill large datasets when important soil properties were not measured, provide data to initialize process-based models, and validate model results. These data are available at https://doi.org/10.5066/P960N1F9 (Manies, 2019).","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","doi":"10.5194/essd-12-1745-2020","usgsCitation":"Manies, K.L., Waldrop, M., and Harden, J.W., 2020, Generalized models to estimate carbon and nitrogen stocks of organic soil horizons in Interior Alaska: Earth System Science Data (ESSD), v. 12, p. 1745-1757, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1745-2020.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1745","endPage":"1757","ipdsId":"IP-109891","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1745-2020","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.3125,\n 63.54855223203644\n ],\n [\n -142.734375,\n 63.54855223203644\n ],\n [\n -142.734375,\n 68.13885164925573\n ],\n [\n -160.3125,\n 68.13885164925573\n ],\n [\n -160.3125,\n 63.54855223203644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manies, Kristen L. 0000-0003-4941-9657 kmanies@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-9657","contributorId":2136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"Kristen","email":"kmanies@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldrop, Mark 0000-0003-1829-7140","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":216758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":796141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}