Reconnaissance field mapping and outcrop sampling for geochemical and mineralogical analyses indicate that the Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale in the Broadtop synclinorium and nearby areas from southeastern West Virginia to south-central Pennsylvania has an organic content sufficiently high and a thermal maturity sufficiently moderate to be considered for a shale gas play. The organic matter-rich Marcellus Shale is present throughout most of the synclinorium, being absent only where it has been eroded from the crest of anticlines. Geochemical analyses of outcrop and well drill-cuttings samples indicate that variable levels of hydrocarbons have been generated and expelled from the kerogen originally in place in the mudstone. The mineralogical characteristics of the Marcellus Shale samples from the study area are conducive to a continuous resource play, but the Middle Devonian strata are folded, faulted, and moderately to heavily sheared in the Broadtop synclinorium.
\nThe presence of conventional anticlinal gas fields in the study area that are productive from the underlying Lower Devonian Oriskany Sandstone suggests that an unconventional (or continuous) shale gas system may be in place within the Marcellus Shale in the study area. Results of this study indicate that the Marcellus Shale in the Broadtop synclinorium generally is similar in organic geochemical nature throughout its extent, and based on the sample analyses, there are no clearly identifiable high potential areas (or “sweet spots”) in the study area. This report contains analyses of 132 outcrop and well drill-cuttings samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151061","usgsCitation":"Enomoto, C.B., Coleman, J.L., Swezey, C.S., Niemeyer, P.W., and Dulong, F.T., 2015, Geochemical and mineralogical sampling of the Devonian shales in the Broadtop synclinorium, Appalachian basin, in Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1061, Report: v, 32 p.; 5 plates: 42 x 50 inches or smaller ; Appendix; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151061.","productDescription":"Report: v, 32 p.; 5 plates: 42 x 50 inches or smaller ; Appendix; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052347","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151061.jpg"},{"id":300153,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1061/"},{"id":300154,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1061/pdf/ofr2015-1061.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.04 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300155,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1061/downloads","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: Plates 1-5 files in PDF format and Appendix file in Excel format."}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.35498046875,\n 40.38002840251183\n ],\n [\n -76.4208984375,\n 39.8928799002948\n ],\n [\n -77.10205078124999,\n 39.470125122358176\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -77.36572265625,\n 38.90813299596705\n ],\n [\n -77.51953125,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -78.11279296875,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -78.42041015625,\n 37.90953361677018\n ],\n [\n -79.27734374999999,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -80.35400390625,\n 37.07271048132946\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 37.735969208590504\n ],\n [\n -80.26611328125,\n 38.048091067457236\n ],\n [\n -79.87060546875,\n 38.634036452919226\n ],\n [\n -79.453125,\n 38.90813299596705\n ],\n [\n -78.2666015625,\n 40.41349604970198\n ],\n [\n -77.82714843749999,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -76.904296875,\n 40.49709237269567\n ],\n [\n -76.35498046875,\n 40.38002840251183\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"554c7ea8e4b082ec5412847f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Enomoto, Catherine B. 0000-0002-4119-1953 cenomoto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-1953","contributorId":2126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enomoto","given":"Catherine","email":"cenomoto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coleman, James L. 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In support of this goal, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a study to evaluate historic population growth and land-cover change, and to model future change, for the 13-county SERPPAS study area in southeastern North Carolina (fig. 1). Improved understanding of trends in land-cover change and the ability to forecast land-cover change that is consistent with these trends will be a key component of efforts to accommodate local military-mission imperatives while also promoting sustainable economic growth throughout the 13-county study area. The study had three principal objectives:
1. Evaluate historic changes in population and land cover for the period 1992–2006 using both previously existing as well as newly generated land-cover data.
2. Develop models to forecast future change in land cover using the data gathered in objective 1 in conjunction with ancillary data on the suitability of the various sub-areas within the study area for low- and high-intensity urban development.
3. Deliver these results—including an executive-level briefing and a USGS technical report—to DOD, other project cooperators, and local counties in hard-copy and digital formats and via the Web through a map-based data viewer.
This report provides a general overview of the study and is intended for general distribution to non-technical audiences.
Suspended-sediment transport is a critical element controlling the geomorphology of tidal wetland complexes. Wetlands rely on organic material and inorganic sediment deposition to maintain their elevation relative to sea level. The U.S. Geological Survey performed observational deployments to measure suspended-sediment concentration and water flow rates in the tidal channels of the wetlands in the Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge in Wells, Maine. The objective was to characterize the sediment-transport mechanisms that contribute to the net sediment budget of the wetland complex. We deployed a meteorological tower, optical turbidity sensors, and acoustic velocity meters at sites on Stephens Brook and the Ogunquit River between March 27 and December 9, 2013. This report presents the time-series oceanographic and atmospheric data collected during those field studies. The oceanographic parameters include water velocity, depth, turbidity, salinity, temperature, and pH. The atmospheric parameters include wind direction, speed, and gust; air temperature; air pressure; relative humidity; short wave radiation; and photosynthetically active radiation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151072","usgsCitation":"Montgomery, E., Ganju, N., Dickhudt, P., Borden, J., Martini, M.A., and Brosnahan, S.M., 2015, Summary of oceanographic and water-quality measurements in Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge, Wells, Maine, in 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1072, Report: v, 17 p.; Appendixes 1-3; Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151072.","productDescription":"Report: v, 17 p.; Appendixes 1-3; Dataset","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2013-03-27","temporalEnd":"2013-12-09","ipdsId":"IP-059849","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151072.jpg"},{"id":300137,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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2013"},{"id":300142,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1072/attachments/ofr2015-1072-appendix03.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3","size":"25 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 3","linkHelpText":"Channel Geometry at the Furbish Road Site"},{"id":300143,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7ST7MWS","text":"Dataset","description":"Dataset","linkHelpText":"Oceanographic and Water-Quality Measurements, Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge, Maine, 2013"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Wells","otherGeospatial":"Ogunquit River, Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge, Stephens Brook","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.57522773742676,\n 43.28276655786751\n ],\n [\n 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Estimated abundance of wild burros surveyed on Bureau of Land Management Lands in 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-05T13:43:32","indexId":"ofr20151084","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-05T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1084","title":"Estimated abundance of wild burros surveyed on Bureau of Land Management Lands in 2014","docAbstract":"The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) requires accurate estimates of the numbers of wild horses (Equus ferus caballus) and burros (Equus asinus) living on the lands it manages. For over ten years, BLM in Arizona has used the simultaneous double-observer method of recording wild burros during aerial surveys and has reported population estimates for those surveys that come from two formulations of a Lincoln-Petersen type of analysis (Graham and Bell, 1989). In this report, I provide those same two types of burro population analysis for 2014 aerial survey data from six herd management areas (HMAs) in Arizona, California, Nevada, and Utah. I also provide burro population estimates based on a different form of simultaneous double-observer analysis, now in widespread use for wild horse surveys that takes into account the potential effects on detection probability of sighting covariates including group size, distance, vegetative cover, and other factors (Huggins, 1989, 1991). The true number of burros present in the six areas surveyed was not known, so population estimates made with these three types of analyses cannot be directly tested for accuracy in this report. I discuss theoretical reasons why the Huggins (1989, 1991) type of analysis should provide less biased estimates of population size than the Lincoln-Petersen analyses and why estimates from all forms of double-observer analyses are likely to be lower than the true number of animals present in the surveyed areas. I note reasons why I suggest using burro observations made at all available distances in analyses, not only those within 200 meters of the flight path. For all analytical methods, small sample sizes of observed groups can be problematic, but that sample size can be increased over time for Huggins (1989, 1991) analyses by pooling observations. I note ways by which burro population estimates could be tested for accuracy when there are radio-collared animals in the population or when there are simultaneous double-observer surveys before and after a burro gather and removal.
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The shorelines used in the analysis were generated from georeferenced historical aerial imagery and are used to develop shoreline change rates for Hatteras Island, from Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras. A total of 14 dates of aerial photographs ranging from 1978 through 2002 were obtained from the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers Field Research Facility in Duck, North Carolina, and scanned to generate digital imagery. The digital imagery was georeferenced and high water line shorelines (interpreted from the wet/dry line) were digitized from each date to produce a time series of shorelines for the study area. Rates of shoreline change were calculated for three periods: the full span of the time series, 1978 through 2002, and two approximately decadal subsets, 1978–89 and 1989–2002.
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coast in eastern Massachusetts, from Plymouth to Newburyport, before the blizzard of January 26–28, 2015 (Blizzard of January 2015), to record the timing and magnitude of storm tide at select locations where forecasters had predicted the potential for coastal flooding. Additionally, water-level data were recorded and transmitted in near real-time from four permanent USGS tidal stations—three on Cape Cod and one near the mouth of the Merrimack River in Newburyport. The storm surge sensors were deployed at previously established fixed sites outfitted with presurveyed mounting brackets. The mounting brackets were installed in 2014 as part of the USGS Surge, Wave, and Tide Hydrodynamic (SWaTH) Network (https://water.usgs.gov/floods/STN/), which was funded through congressional supplemental appropriations for the U.S. Department of the Interior after the devastating landfall of Hurricane Sandy on October 29, 2012 (Simmons and others, 2014). The USGS received this funding to enable better understanding of coastal flooding hazards in the region, to improve preparedness for future coastal storms, and to increase the resilience of coastal cities, infrastructure, and natural systems in the region (Buxton and others, 2013). The USGS established 163 monitoring locations along the New England coast for the SWaTH Network, including 70 sites in Massachusetts.
\nThe Blizzard of January 2015 was a powerful and destructive storm that threatened public safety and led to widespread cancellations and delays at transportation hubs, schools, and businesses in Massachusetts, including, for example, the closure of General Edward Lawrence Logan (Boston-Logan) International Airport and cancellation of all flights on January 27 and a statewide travel ban issued for January 28. A total of 24.6 inches of snowfall and winds up to 45 miles per hour (mi/hr) were recorded at the airport. Several coastal communities were affected and experienced flooding, overwash, and damage to seawalls, dwellings, and other infrastructure. In Scituate, the National Guard was sent to rescue people from flooding, and power was cut to some areas of the town to prevent electrical fires.
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\nThis report summarizes a compilation and review of geological data for regions in Afghanistan that contain bauxite deposits and occurrences based on work conducted during 2009 to 2011 by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, and the Afghanistan Geological Survey.
\nPermian strata contain bauxites and bauxite-like rocks that are recognizable at various stratigraphic intervals within several areas of southern Afghanistan and in the Central Afghan Massif in central Afghanistan. The main zones of known bauxite occurrences are the Haftqala bauxite zone (late Permian and Late Triassic), Shewa bauxite zone (early Permian), Qarghanaw bauxite zone (late Permian and Late Triassic), Arghandab block in Zabul Province (middle through late Permian), Arghandab block in Ghazni Province (early Permian), Surkhob bauxite zone (Early Jurassic), and Tirin block in Uruzgan, Zabul, and Kandahar Provinces (Late Jurassic).
\nAlthough some bauxite occurrences were sampled in the course of reconnaissance exploration by Soviet workers in the 1960s and 1970s, the bauxite areas in Afghanistan generally are underexplored. The Obatu Sheila area is a known field of bauxite deposits of Late Jurassic age that had been studied in more detail than other known bauxite deposits and occurrences in Afghanistan. Obatu Sheila has an estimated reserve of 7.2 million tons.
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bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubbard, Bernard E. 0000-0002-9315-2032 bhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-2032","contributorId":2342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Bernard","email":"bhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70137582,"text":"ofr20151003 - 2015 - Southern Great Plains Rapid Ecoregional Assessment: pre-assessment report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-21T11:23:23","indexId":"ofr20151003","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1003","title":"Southern Great Plains Rapid Ecoregional Assessment: pre-assessment report","docAbstract":"The purpose of the Pre-Assessment Report for the Southern Great Plains Rapid Ecoregional Assessment (REA) is to document the selection process for and final list of Conservation Elements, Change Agents, and Management Questions developed during Phase I. The overall goal of the REAs being conducted for the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is to provide information that supports regional planning and analysis for the management of ecological resources. The REA provides an assessment of baseline ecological conditions, an evaluation of current risks from drivers of ecosystem change, and a predictive capacity for evaluating future risks. The REA also may be used for identifying priority areas for conservation or restoration and for assessing the cumulative effects of a variety of land uses. There are several components of the REAs. Management Questions, developed by the BLM and partners for the ecoregion, identify the information needed for addressing land-management responsibilities. Conservation Elements represent regionally significant terrestrial and aquatic species and communities that are to be conserved and (or) restored. For each Conservation Element, key ecological attributes will be evaluated to determine the status of each species and community. The REA also will evaluate major drivers of ecosystem change, or Change Agents, currently affecting or likely to affect the status of Conservation Elements in the future. The relationships between Change Agents and key ecological attributes will be summarized using conceptual models. The REA process is a two-phase process. Phase I (pre-assessment) includes developing and finalizing the lists of priority Management Questions, Conservation Elements, and Change Agents, culminating in the REA Pre-Assessment Report.
\nChapter 1 provides an overview of the REA process. Chapter 2 describes the biophysical and anthropogenic features of the Southern Great Plains, and Chapter 3 explains the process used to identify Conservation Elements, Change Agents and Management Questionss. The remaining chapters each feature one of 19 Conservation Elements—6 ecological communities and 13 species (including 2 species assemblages)—to be addressed in Phase II. For each Conservation Element, we will address the four primary Change Agents—development, fire, invasive species, and climate change—required for the REA. In addition, we will evaluate insect pests and disease for particular Conservation Elements. Development includes effects related to energy and infrastructure, agricultural activities, and other human activities, including urbanization and recreation.
\nAn overview on the ecology and management issues for each Conservation Element is provided, including distribution and ecology, landscape structure and dynamics, and associated species of management concern affiliated with each Conservation Element. For each Conservation Element, effects of the Change Agents are described. An overview of potential key ecological attributes and potential Change Agents are summarized by conceptual models and tables. The tables provide an organizational framework and background information for evaluating the key ecological attributes and Change Agents in Phase II.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Assal, T.J., Melcher, C.P., and Carr, N.B., 2015, Southern Great Plains Rapid Ecoregional Assessment: pre-assessment report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1003, xiv, 284 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151003.","productDescription":"xiv, 284 p.","numberOfPages":"302","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059315","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299833,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151003.jpg"},{"id":299825,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1003/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":299832,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1003/pdf/ofr2015-1003.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Southern Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.22656249999999,\n 31.16580958786196\n ],\n [\n -107.22656249999999,\n 41.3108238809182\n ],\n [\n -95.44921875,\n 41.3108238809182\n ],\n [\n -95.44921875,\n 31.16580958786196\n ],\n [\n -107.22656249999999,\n 31.16580958786196\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09cee4b0c1efddaed143","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Assal, Timothy J. 0000-0001-6342-2954 assalt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":2203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","email":"assalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melcher, Cynthia P. 0000-0002-8044-9689 melcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8044-9689","contributorId":5094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"Cynthia","email":"melcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carr, Natasha B. 0000-0002-4842-0632 carrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4842-0632","contributorId":1918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Natasha","email":"carrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70146802,"text":"ofr20151070 - 2015 - Incorporating induced seismicity in the 2014 United States National Seismic Hazard Model: results of the 2014 workshop and sensitivity studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-23T09:07:42","indexId":"ofr20151070","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1070","title":"Incorporating induced seismicity in the 2014 United States National Seismic Hazard Model: results of the 2014 workshop and sensitivity studies","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Model for the conterminous United States was updated in 2014 to account for new methods, input models, and data necessary for assessing the seismic ground shaking hazard from natural (tectonic) earthquakes. The U.S. Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Model project uses probabilistic seismic hazard analysis to quantify the rate of exceedance for earthquake ground shaking (ground motion). For the 2014 National Seismic Hazard Model assessment, the seismic hazard from potentially induced earthquakes was intentionally not considered because we had not determined how to properly treat these earthquakes for the seismic hazard analysis. The phrases “potentially induced” and “induced” are used interchangeably in this report, however it is acknowledged that this classification is based on circumstantial evidence and scientific judgment. For the 2014 National Seismic Hazard Model update, the potentially induced earthquakes were removed from the NSHM’s earthquake catalog, and the documentation states that we would consider alternative models for including induced seismicity in a future version of the National Seismic Hazard Model. As part of the process of incorporating induced seismicity into the seismic hazard model, we evaluate the sensitivity of the seismic hazard from induced seismicity to five parts of the hazard model: (1) the earthquake catalog, (2) earthquake rates, (3) earthquake locations, (4) earthquake Mmax (maximum magnitude), and (5) earthquake ground motions. We describe alternative input models for each of the five parts that represent differences in scientific opinions on induced seismicity characteristics. In this report, however, we do not weight these input models to come up with a preferred final model. Instead, we present a sensitivity study showing uniform seismic hazard maps obtained by applying the alternative input models for induced seismicity. The final model will be released after further consideration of the reliability and scientific acceptability of each alternative input model. Forecasting the seismic hazard from induced earthquakes is fundamentally different from forecasting the seismic hazard for natural, tectonic earthquakes. This is because the spatio-temporal patterns of induced earthquakes are reliant on economic forces and public policy decisions regarding extraction and injection of fluids. As such, the rates of induced earthquakes are inherently variable and nonstationary. Therefore, we only make maps based on an annual rate of exceedance rather than the 50-year rates calculated for previous U.S. Geological Survey hazard maps.
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ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McGarr, Arthur F. 0000-0001-9769-4093 mcgarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":3178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Arthur","email":"mcgarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Holland, Austin A.","contributorId":140363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holland","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Anderson, John G.","contributorId":140379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70137525,"text":"ofr20141236 - 2015 - Accuracy testing of electric groundwater-level measurement tapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-16T16:14:45","indexId":"ofr20141236","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-16T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1236","title":"Accuracy testing of electric groundwater-level measurement tapes","docAbstract":"Electric tapes are used to measure groundwater levels and to verify the accuracy of pressure transducers installed in wells. Electric tapes are generally assumed to be accurate to ±0.01 foot (ft), but little information is available from the manufacturers and no accuracy studies have been conducted to confirm this value. This study measured the accuracy of six popular models of electric groundwater tapes.
\nThe tapes tested include models from Durham Geo, Geotech, Heron, In-Situ, Solinst, and Waterline that are commonly used by the U.S.Geological Survey (USGS). The accuracy tests compared the length of each electric tape to a calibrated-steel reference tape and measured each probe’s activation accuracy and displacement volume. The tape-length accuracy combined with the probe-activation accuracy gave the overall measurement accuracy of the tape.
\nThe accuracy tests demonstrated that none of the electric-tape models tested consistently met the suggested USGS accuracy of ±0.01 ft. The test data show that the tape models in the study should give a water-level measurement that is accurate to roughly ±0.05 ft per 100 ft without additional calibration. To meet USGS accuracy guidelines, the electric-tape models tested will need to be individually calibrated. Specific conductance also plays a part in tape accuracy. The probes will not work in water with specific conductance values near zero, and the accuracy of one probe was unreliable in very high conductivity water (10,000 microsiemens per centimeter).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141236","usgsCitation":"Jelinski, J., Clayton, C.S., and Fulford, J.M., 2015, Accuracy testing of electric groundwater-level measurement tapes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1236, vi, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141236.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052287","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141236.jpg"},{"id":299745,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1236/"},{"id":299746,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1236/pdf/ofr2014-1236.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5530cf1ae4b0b22a15806131","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jelinski, Jim","contributorId":138570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jelinski","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12443,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clayton, Christopher S. cclayton@usgs.gov","contributorId":5506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"Christopher","email":"cclayton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":537869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fulford, Janice M. jfulford@usgs.gov","contributorId":991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"Janice","email":"jfulford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70145965,"text":"ofr20151064 - 2015 - Safety of spray-dried powder formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL145A exposure to subadult/adult unionid mussels during simulated open-water treatments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-27T10:46:24","indexId":"ofr20151064","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-16T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1064","displayTitle":"Safety of spray-dried powder formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL145A exposure to subadult/adult unionid mussels during simulated open-water treatments","title":"Safety of spray-dried powder formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL145A exposure to subadult/adult unionid mussels during simulated open-water treatments","docAbstract":"The exposure effects of a commercially prepared spray dried powder (SDP) formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain CL145A) on the survival of seven species of unionid mussels endemic to the Great Lakes and Mississippi River basins was evaluated in this study. The study exposures were completed within replicated 350-liter test tanks contained within a mobile bioassay laboratory sited on the shores of the Black River near La Crosse, Wisconsin. The test tanks were supplied with flowing, filtered river water which was interrupted during the exposure period.
Two groups of seven species of mussels were used in equal proportions in the study. The first group was exposed to SDP for 8 hours, and the second group was exposed to SDP for 24 hours. Individually tagged mussels were randomly allocated to test tanks until all test tanks contained 8 to 10 mussels of each species (dependent upon the number available for testing).
The experimental unit for the trial was the individual test tank, and treatment group was assigned using a randomized block design. The treatment groups for each exposure duration consisted of (1) an untreated control group, (2) a group that received an application of 50 milligrams SDP per liter (mg SDP/L), and (3) a group that received an application of 100 mg SDP/L. All mussel species and both exposure duration groups were exposed concurrently (that is, one-half of the mussels were removed after 8 hours of SDP exposure and the remaining mussels were removed after 24 hours of SDP exposure). All treatment concentrations are reported as active ingredient.
After exposure, the mussels were consolidated into wire mesh cages and placed in the Black River for a 27-28 day postexposure period, after which time survival of mussels was assessed. Of the 1,170 mussels tested in the study, 3 were confirmed dead and 5 were not recovered and treated as mortalities in the analysis. The effect and interactions of species, SDP exposure concentration, and SDP exposure duration were analyzed and did not affect mussel survival (p > 0.98). The results from this study indicate that SDP exposure at the maximum approved open-water concentration of 100 mg/L for up to 3 times the maximum approved open-water exposure duration of 8 hours (in other words for 24 hours of exposure) is unlikely to reduce survival of subadult or adult mussels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151064","usgsCitation":"Luoma, J.A., Weber, K.L., Waller, D.L., Wise, J.K., Mayer, D.A., and Aloisi, D.B., 2015, Safety of spray-dried powder formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL145A exposure to subadult/adult unionid mussels during simulated open-water treatments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1064, vi, 248 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151064.","productDescription":"vi, 248 p.","numberOfPages":"255","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064087","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299738,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151064.jpg"},{"id":299734,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1064/pdf/ofr2015-1064.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299733,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1064/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"La Crosse","otherGeospatial":"Black River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.24742031097412,\n 43.86303107676215\n ],\n [\n -91.23566150665282,\n 43.86303107676215\n ],\n [\n -91.23566150665282,\n 43.870812454958475\n ],\n [\n -91.24742031097412,\n 43.870812454958475\n ],\n [\n -91.24742031097412,\n 43.86303107676215\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5530cf1fe4b0b22a1580613f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, James A. 0000-0003-3556-0190 jluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0190","contributorId":4449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"James","email":"jluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, Kerry L. klweber@usgs.gov","contributorId":4750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Kerry","email":"klweber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waller, Diane L. 0000-0002-6104-810X dwaller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-810X","contributorId":5272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Diane","email":"dwaller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wise, Jeremy K. 0000-0003-0184-6959 jwise@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-6959","contributorId":5009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wise","given":"Jeremy","email":"jwise@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mayer, Denise A.","contributorId":140168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayer","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13400,"text":"New York State Museum, Cambridge Field Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aloisi, Douglas B.","contributorId":140169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aloisi","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70145964,"text":"ofr20151066 - 2015 - Exposure-related effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) on juvenile unionid mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-15T09:01:50","indexId":"ofr20151066","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-16T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1066","title":"Exposure-related effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) on juvenile unionid mussels","docAbstract":"The exposure-related effects of a commercially prepared spray-dried powder (SDP) or freeze-dried powder (FDP) formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain CL145A) on the survival of seven species of newly metamorphosed (<72 hours old) freshwater unionid mussels was evaluated. Forty unionid mussels of each species were randomly distributed to test chambers and each species independently exposed for 24 hours to a static dose of either SDP (four species: Lampsilis cardium, Lampsilis siliquoidea, Lampsilis higginsii, andLigumia recta) or FDP (three species: Obovaria olivaria, Actinonaias ligamentina, andMegalonaias nervosa).
\nEach test chamber was assigned to one of six treatment groups (n = four chambers per group) by using a randomized block design. The six treatment groups included (1) an untreated control group, (2) groups that received applications with nominal target active ingredient (AI) concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 milligrams per liter (mg/L), and (3) a group that received an application with a nominal target AI concentration of 300 mg/L of heat-deactivated test article (300 HD). After a 24-hour exposure period, water inflow to the test chambers was restored, and the unionid mussels were maintained for an additional 7 days before they were assessed for survival.
\nMean survival of four unionid mussels species exposed to SDP varied among species and treatment groups when compared to the untreated control groups. The results indicate that exposure to SDP-formulated P. fluorescens up to the maximum label concentration (100 mg/L AI) and up to three times the maximum label exposure duration (8 hours) is not likely to affect the survival of L. siliquoidea and L. higginsii. Low mean survival in the L. recta control group (25.0 percent) indicates that results for L. recta should be interpreted with caution. Mean survival of the L. cardium was significantly lower in all treated groups (14.4 to 40.6 percent) compared to the control group (68.8 percent). These results indicate that further investigation on the impact of SDP-formulated P. fluorescens on L. recta and L. cardium is warranted.
\nMean survival of three unionid mussels species exposed to FDP was not significantly different in the 50-, 100-, and 200-mg/L AI treatment groups and the 300 mg/L heat-deactivated treatment groups when compared to the control groups. Mean survival of O. olivaria and M. nervosa was significantly lower in the 300-mg/L AI treated groups (38.1 and 48.1 percent, respectively) compared to the control groups (71.9 and 88.1 percent, respectively). The results indicate that exposure to FDP-formulated P. fluorescens up to the maximum label concentration (100 mg/L AI) and up to three times the maximum label exposure duration (8 hours) is not likely to affect the survival of O. olivaria, A. ligamentina, and M. nervosa.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151066","usgsCitation":"Weber, K.L., Luoma, J.A., Mayer, D.A., Aloisi, D.B., and Eckert, N.L., 2015, Exposure-related effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) on juvenile unionid mussels: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1066, viii, 663 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151066.","productDescription":"viii, 663 p.","startPage":"663 p.","numberOfPages":"664","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063676","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299715,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151066.jpg"},{"id":299712,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1066/pdf/ofr2015-1066.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299708,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1066/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5530cf1fe4b0b22a1580613b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weber, Kerry L. klweber@usgs.gov","contributorId":4750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Kerry","email":"klweber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, James A. 0000-0003-3556-0190 jluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0190","contributorId":4449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"James","email":"jluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayer, Denise A.","contributorId":140168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayer","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13400,"text":"New York State Museum, Cambridge Field Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aloisi, Douglas B.","contributorId":140169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aloisi","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eckert, Nathan L.","contributorId":140170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eckert","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70145793,"text":"ofr20151069 - 2015 - Physical habitat monitoring strategy (PHAMS) for reach-scale restoration effectiveness monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-06T12:29:35","indexId":"ofr20151069","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-14T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1069","title":"Physical habitat monitoring strategy (PHAMS) for reach-scale restoration effectiveness monitoring","docAbstract":"Habitat restoration efforts by the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) have shifted from the site scale (1-10 meters) to the reach scale (100-1,000 meters). This shift was in response to the growing scientific emphasis on process-based restoration and to support from the 2007 Accords Agreement with the Bonneville Power Administration. With the increased size of restoration projects, the CTUIR and other agencies are in need of applicable monitoring methods for assessing large-scale changes in river and floodplain habitats following restoration. The goal of the Physical Habitat Monitoring Strategy is to outline methods that are useful for capturing reach-scale changes in surface and groundwater hydrology, geomorphology, hydrologic connectivity, and riparian vegetation at restoration projects. The Physical Habitat Monitoring Strategy aims to avoid duplication with existing regional effectiveness monitoring protocols by identifying complimentary reach-scale metrics and methods that may improve the ability of CTUIR and others to detect instream and riparian changes at large restoration projects.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151069","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Department of Natural Resources, and Northwest Marine Fisheries Service","usgsCitation":"Jones, K.L., O’Daniel, S.J., Beechie, T.J., Zakrajsek, John, and Webster, J.G., 2015, Physical habitat monitoring strategy (PHAMS) for reach-scale restoration effectiveness monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1069, 58 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151069.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055704","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151069.jpg"},{"id":299681,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1069/pdf/ofr2015-1069.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2015-1069 Report"},{"id":299680,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1069/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Umatilla Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.44335937499999,\n 43.739352079154706\n ],\n [\n -119.44335937499999,\n 47.040182144806664\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 47.040182144806664\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 43.739352079154706\n ],\n [\n -119.44335937499999,\n 43.739352079154706\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov
Use cases, information modeling, and linked data techniques are Semantic Web technologies used to develop a prototype system that integrates scientific observations from four independent USGS and cooperator data systems. The techniques were tested with a use case goal of creating a data set for use in exploring potential relationships among freshwater fish populations and environmental factors. The resulting prototype extracts data from the BioData Retrieval System, the Multistate Aquatic Resource Information System, the National Geochemical Survey, and the National Hydrography Dataset. A prototype user interface allows a scientist to select observations from these data systems and combine them into a single data set in RDF format that includes explicitly defined relationships and data definitions. The project was funded by the USGS Community for Data Integration and undertaken by the Community for Data Integration Semantic Web Working Group in order to demonstrate use of Semantic Web technologies by scientists. This allows scientists to simultaneously explore data that are available in multiple, disparate systems beyond those they traditionally have used.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151004","usgsCitation":"Gordon, J.M., Chkhenkeli, N., Govoni, D.L., Lightsom, F.L., Ostroff, A.C., Schweitzer, P.N., Thongsavanh, P., Varanka, D.E., and Zednik, S., 2015, A case study of data integration for aquatic resources using semantic web technologies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1004, v, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151004.","productDescription":"v, 55 p.","startPage":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045446","costCenters":[{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151004.jpg"},{"id":299544,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1004/pdf/ofr2015-1004.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299543,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1004/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55279498e4b026915857c836","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gordon, Janice M. janicegordon@usgs.gov","contributorId":4917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Janice","email":"janicegordon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chkhenkeli, Nina nchkhenkeli@usgs.gov","contributorId":5904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chkhenkeli","given":"Nina","email":"nchkhenkeli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Govoni, David L. dgovoni@usgs.gov","contributorId":5192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Govoni","given":"David","email":"dgovoni@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5071,"text":"Office of Administration","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lightsom, Frances L. 0000-0003-4043-3639 flightsom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4043-3639","contributorId":1535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lightsom","given":"Frances","email":"flightsom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ostroff, Andrea C. 0000-0002-1632-6174 aostroff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1632-6174","contributorId":2756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostroff","given":"Andrea","email":"aostroff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schweitzer, Peter N. pschweitzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":5905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweitzer","given":"Peter","email":"pschweitzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thongsavanh, Phethala thongsav@usgs.gov","contributorId":5154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thongsavanh","given":"Phethala","email":"thongsav@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Varanka, Dalia E. 0000-0003-2857-9600 dvaranka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-9600","contributorId":1296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varanka","given":"Dalia","email":"dvaranka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zednik, Stephan","contributorId":139117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zednik","given":"Stephan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12656,"text":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70140110,"text":"ofr20121024K - 2015 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Permian and Palo Duro Basins and Bend Arch-Fort Worth Basin: Chapter K in Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70140110,"text":"ofr20121024K - 2015 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Permian and Palo Duro Basins and Bend Arch-Fort Worth Basin: Chapter K in Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024K","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"K","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Permian and Palo Duro Basins and Bend Arch-Fort Worth Basin: Chapter K in Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-26T15:42:02.847127","indexId":"ofr20121024K","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-08T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1024","chapter":"K","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Permian and Palo Duro Basins and Bend Arch-Fort Worth Basin: Chapter K in Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has completed an assessment of the potential geologic carbon dioxide storage resource in the onshore areas of the United States. To provide geological context and input data sources for the resources numbers, framework documents are being prepared for all areas that were investigated as part of the national assessment. This report is the geologic framework document for the Permian and Palo Duro Basins, the combined Bend arch-Fort Worth Basin area, and subbasins therein of Texas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. In addition to a summarization of the geology and petroleum resources of studied basins, the individual storage assessment units (SAUs) within the basins are described and explanations for their selection are presented. Though appendixes in the national assessment publications include the input values used to calculate the available storage resource, this framework document provides only the context and source of inputs selected by the assessment geologists. Spatial files of boundaries for the SAUs herein, as well as maps of the density of known well bores that penetrate the SAU seal, are available for download with the release of this report.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources (Open-File Report 2012-1024)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121024K","usgsCitation":"Merrill, M., Slucher, E.R., Roberts-Ashby, T.L., Warwick, P.D., Blondes, M., Freeman, P., Cahan, S.M., DeVera, C.A., and Lohr, C., 2015, Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Permian and Palo Duro Basins and Bend Arch-Fort Worth Basin: Chapter K in Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1024, Report: vi, 42 p.; Well Density; Storage Assessment Units, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121024K.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 42 p.; Well Density; Storage Assessment 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Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T11:21:47","indexId":"ofr20151044","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-02T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1044","title":"Mass-movement deposits in the lacustrine Eocene Green River Formation, Piceance Basin, western Colorado","docAbstract":"The Eocene Green River Formation was deposited in two large Eocene saline lakes, Lake Uinta in the Uinta and Piceance Basins and Lake Gosiute in the Greater Green River Basin. Here we will discuss mass-movement deposits in just the Piceance Basin part of Lake Uinta.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151044","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.C., Birdwell, J.E., Brownfield, M.E., and Mercier, T.J., 2015, Mass-movement deposits in the lacustrine Eocene Green River Formation, Piceance Basin, western Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1044, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151044.","productDescription":"42 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059898","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151044.jpg"},{"id":299308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1044/"},{"id":299309,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1044/pdf/ofr2015-1044.pdf","size":"30.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Eocene Green River Formation, Piceance Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.819580078125,\n 39.2832938689385\n ],\n [\n -108.819580078125,\n 40.30466538259176\n ],\n [\n -107.720947265625,\n 40.30466538259176\n ],\n [\n -107.720947265625,\n 39.2832938689385\n ],\n [\n -108.819580078125,\n 39.2832938689385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551e5a1fe4b027f0aee3b87b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138 mbrownfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":1548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"mbrownfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mercier, Tracey J. 0000-0002-8232-525X tmercier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-525X","contributorId":2847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercier","given":"Tracey","email":"tmercier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70144294,"text":"ofr20151058 - 2015 - An evaluation of the accuracy of modeled and computed streamflow time-series data for the Ohio River at Hannibal Lock and Dam and at a location upstream from Sardis, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-09T08:31:36","indexId":"ofr20151058","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-02T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1058","title":"An evaluation of the accuracy of modeled and computed streamflow time-series data for the Ohio River at Hannibal Lock and Dam and at a location upstream from Sardis, Ohio","docAbstract":"Between July 2013 and June 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) made 10 streamflow measurements on the Ohio River about 1.5 miles (mi) downstream from the Hannibal Lock and Dam (near Hannibal, Ohio) and 11 streamflow measurements near the USGS Sardis gage (station number 03114306) located approximately 2.4 mi upstream from Sardis, Ohio. The measurement results were used to assess the accuracy of modeled or computed instantaneous streamflow time series created and supplied by the USGS, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and National Weather Service (NWS) for the Ohio River at Hannibal Lock and Dam and (or) at the USGS streamgage. Hydraulic or hydrologic models were used to create the modeled time series; index-velocity methods or gate-opening ratings coupled with hydropower operation data were used to create the computed time series. The time step of the various instantaneous streamflow time series ranged from 15 minutes to 24 hours (once-daily values at 12:00 Coordinated Universal Time [UTC]). The 15-minute time-series data, computed by the USGS for the Sardis gage, also were downsampled to 1-hour and 24-hour time steps to permit more direct comparisons with other streamflow time series.
\nTo facilitate comparisons between measurement results and time-series data, streamflows corresponding to the times of the streamflow measurements were computed from the time-series data by time-based linear interpolation. Prior to doing interpolations, measurement times for the Hannibal Lock and Dam location were adjusted for traveltime to account for the fact that the streamflow measurements were made about 1.5 mi downstream from the location corresponding to the modeled/computed time-series data. Measured and interpolated streamflows were tabulated along with residuals (the difference between measured and interpolated streamflows) and selected summary statistics.
\nOverall, streamflows interpolated from the USGS computed 15-minute time-series data (hereafter referred to as the USGS 15-minute time-series data) had the smallest root-mean-square error (RMSE) (3,939 cubic feet per second [ft3/s]) and the second smallest mean absolute residual (2,636 ft3/s), whereas streamflows interpolated from the USACE 12 UTC time series had the largest RMSE (14,590 ft3/s) and the largest mean absolute residual (10,800 ft3/s). The larger RMSEs for streamflows interpolated from the USACE 12 UTC time series likely resulted in part from the coarser time step of that time series. Streamflows interpolated from the USGS downsampled 1-hour time series had the second smallest RMSE (4,025 ft3/s) and the smallest mean absolute residual (2,600 ft3/s). Somewhat surprisingly, streamflows interpolated from the NWS 6-hour model time series had the third smallest RMSE (4,483 ft3/s) and mean absolute residual (4,050 ft3/s) in spite of being determined from a time series with a coarser time step than the USACE 1-hour modeled and computed time series.
\nMeasured streamflows at the Sardis gage and at the Hannibal Lock and Dam measurement location were plotted versus residuals (expressed as a percentage of the measured streamflows) of corresponding interpolated time-series streamflow values. Results for each of the time series exhibited some anomaly, possibly indicating the need and (or) potential for improvement in the streamflow computational/modeling processes.
\nStreamflow hydrographs were plotted for modeled/computed time series for the Ohio River near the USGS Sardis gage and the Ohio River at the Hannibal Lock and Dam. In general, the time series at these two locations compared well. Some notable differences include the exclusive presence of short periods of negative streamflows in the USGS 15-minute time-series data for the gage on the Ohio River above Sardis, Ohio, and the occurrence of several peak streamflows in the USACE gate/hydropower time series for the Hannibal Lock and Dam that were appreciably larger than corresponding peaks in the other time series, including those modeled/computed for the downstream Sardis gage
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151058","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Koltun, G., 2015, An evaluation of the accuracy of modeled and computed streamflow time-series data for the Ohio River at Hannibal Lock and Dam and at a location upstream from Sardis, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1058, viii, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151058.","productDescription":"viii, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063449","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151058.jpg"},{"id":299296,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1058/"},{"id":299297,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1058/pdf/ofr2015-1058.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Ohio River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.96099853515624,\n 39.57817336212527\n ],\n [\n -80.96099853515624,\n 39.68182601089365\n ],\n [\n -80.82092285156249,\n 39.68182601089365\n ],\n [\n -80.82092285156249,\n 39.57817336212527\n ],\n [\n -80.96099853515624,\n 39.57817336212527\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551e5a1be4b027f0aee3b86b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koltun, G. F. 0000-0003-0255-2960 gfkoltun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2960","contributorId":1852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltun","given":"G. F.","email":"gfkoltun@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70144136,"text":"ofr20151051 - 2015 - Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL145A spray dried powder for controlling zebra mussels adhering to native unionid mussels within field enclosures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T08:37:22","indexId":"ofr20151051","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-02T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1051","title":"Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL145A spray dried powder for controlling zebra mussels adhering to native unionid mussels within field enclosures","docAbstract":"The efficacy of a commercially prepared spray dried powder (SDP) formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain CL145A) was evaluated for removing zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) adhering to a population of unionid mussels in Lake Darling (Alexandria, Minnesota). Two groups of unionid mussels were used in the study. Unionid mussels were collected near the test area, weighed, photographed, individually tagged, and randomly allocated to one of nine test enclosures in equal proportions and then divided into two groups. The first group of unionid mussels (Group 1, n = 5 per test enclosure) were indiscriminately selected from each test enclosure and used to estimate the number of zebra mussels adhering to unionid mussels prior to exposure. The second group of unionid mussels (Group 2, n = 22 per test enclosure) were used to evaluate the efficacy of SDP for removal of adhering zebra mussels. Both Group 1 and Group 2 mussels were used to evaluate the effects of SDP exposure on unionid mussel survival.
\nTreatment was assigned to each test enclosure by using a randomized block design. The three treatment groups were tested in triplicate and included an untreated control group and groups that received a single application of 50 or 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of SDP based on active ingredient. All treatment concentrations are reported as active ingredient of SDP. Test enclosures were removed at the 8-hour exposure termination. Both Group 1 and Group 2 mussels remained in their assigned exposure location during the postexposure holding period. The number of zebra mussels adhering to Group 2 mussels (live and dead) was assessed 18 to 20 days postexposure in addition to assessing the survival of Group 1 and Group 2 unionid mussels.
\nSDP, administered as a single treatment, significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the number of adhering zebra mussels when compared to the untreated controls. The number of zebra mussels adhering to unionid mussels (Group 2) was reduced 53 percent in the 50-mg/L treatment group and 68 percent in the 100-mg/L treatment group. The number of adhering zebra mussels did not differ (p = 0.79) between the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups after exposure. When standardized to the amount of SDP applied per square meter, each gram (g) of SDP applied in the 50-mg/L treatment reduced the number of adhering zebra mussel 59.8 percent more than the 100-mg/L treatment group.
\nGroup 1 mussel survival did not differ between treatment groups (p > 0.05); however, a difference was detected (p < 0.01) in the survival of Group 2 mussels. The survival of Group 2 mussels did not differ (p > 0.23) between control and treated groups. A difference in Group 2 mussel survival was detected (p = 0.03; odds ratio [OR] = 0.290) between the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups (that is, the survival was highest in the 50-mg/L treatment group and lowest in the 100-mg/L treatment group), however, the biological significance of the difference is indeterminate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151051","usgsCitation":"Luoma, J.A., Weber, K.L., Severson, T.J., and Mayer, D., 2015, Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL145A spray dried powder for controlling zebra mussels adhering to native unionid mussels within field enclosures: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1051, viii, 302 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151051.","productDescription":"viii, 302 p.","numberOfPages":"310","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064301","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299266,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151051.jpg"},{"id":299264,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1051/"},{"id":299265,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1051/pdf/ofr2015-1051.pdf","size":"8.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Alexandria","otherGeospatial":"Lake Darling","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.38699150085449,\n 45.93131891375231\n ],\n [\n -95.38546800613403,\n 45.93160247365145\n ],\n [\n -95.38422346115112,\n 45.93169201858156\n ],\n [\n -95.38304328918457,\n 45.93152785276592\n ],\n [\n -95.3817343711853,\n 45.9312293682198\n ],\n [\n -95.38059711456299,\n 45.930647318734614\n ],\n [\n -95.37937402725218,\n 45.929975715584696\n ],\n [\n -95.37909507751465,\n 45.9295429003568\n ],\n [\n -95.37868738174438,\n 45.92870710966921\n ],\n [\n -95.37868738174438,\n 45.927617577899674\n ],\n [\n -95.37911653518677,\n 45.92700563971238\n ],\n [\n -95.38003921508788,\n 45.92630414129035\n ],\n [\n -95.38053274154663,\n 45.92611010824568\n ],\n [\n -95.3811764717102,\n 45.92576681735024\n ],\n [\n -95.38190603256226,\n 45.925602633997094\n ],\n [\n -95.38709878921509,\n 45.93133383799366\n ],\n [\n -95.38699150085449,\n 45.93131891375231\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551e5a1ee4b027f0aee3b875","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, James A. 0000-0003-3556-0190 jluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0190","contributorId":4449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"James","email":"jluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, Kerry L. klweber@usgs.gov","contributorId":4750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Kerry","email":"klweber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Severson, Todd J. 0000-0001-5282-3779 tseverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5282-3779","contributorId":4749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"Todd","email":"tseverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mayer, Denise A.","contributorId":98772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Denise A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70143862,"text":"ofr20151053 - 2015 - A method for determining average beach slope and beach slope variability for U.S. sandy coastlines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T11:21:02","indexId":"ofr20151053","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-02T07:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1053","title":"A method for determining average beach slope and beach slope variability for U.S. sandy coastlines","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Assessment of Hurricane-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards compares measurements of beach morphology with storm-induced total water levels to produce forecasts of coastal change for storms impacting the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coastlines of the United States. The wave-induced water level component (wave setup and swash) is estimated by using modeled offshore wave height and period and measured beach slope (from dune toe to shoreline) through the empirical parameterization of Stockdon and others (2006). Spatial and temporal variability in beach slope leads to corresponding variability in predicted wave setup and swash. For instance, seasonal and storm-induced changes in beach slope can lead to differences on the order of 1 meter (m) in wave-induced water level elevation, making accurate specification of this parameter and its associated uncertainty essential to skillful forecasts of coastal change. A method for calculating spatially and temporally averaged beach slopes is presented here along with a method for determining total uncertainty for each 200-m alongshore section of coastline.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151053","usgsCitation":"Doran, K.S., Long, J.W., and Overbeck, J., 2015, A method for determining average beach slope and beach slope variability for U.S. sandy coastlines: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1053, Report: iv, 5 p.; Data Releases, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151053.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 5 p.; Data Releases","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-063337","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438707,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F72805P1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Beach Slopes of Florida: Miami to Jupiter"},{"id":299260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151053.jpg"},{"id":342384,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F72805P1","text":"Beach slopes of Florida: Miami to Jupiter"},{"id":342385,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7XK8CK2","text":"Beach slopes of Florida: Bradenton Beach to Clearwater Beach"},{"id":299257,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1053/"},{"id":299258,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1053/pdf/ofr2015-1053.pdf","text":"Report","size":"377 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299259,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7M906Q6","text":"Beach Slopes of North Carolina: Salvo to Duck","description":"Dataset website"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.84686279296874,\n 35.21420969483077\n ],\n [\n -75.84686279296874,\n 36.10015727402227\n ],\n [\n -75.21240234375,\n 36.10015727402227\n ],\n [\n -75.21240234375,\n 35.21420969483077\n ],\n [\n -75.84686279296874,\n 35.21420969483077\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551e5a18e4b027f0aee3b869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doran, Kara S. 0000-0001-8050-5727 kdoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-5727","contributorId":127855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Kara","email":"kdoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Joseph W. 0000-0003-2912-1992 jwlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-1992","contributorId":3303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Joseph","email":"jwlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Overbeck, Jacquelyn R.","contributorId":140046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overbeck","given":"Jacquelyn R.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70143983,"text":"ofr20151056 - 2015 - Hydrologic conditions in Massachusetts during water year 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-01T10:01:52","indexId":"ofr20151056","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1056","title":"Hydrologic conditions in Massachusetts during water year 2014","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data and conditions throughout Massachusetts during water year 2014 (October 1, 2013, to September 30, 2014) are presented in this report. Stream discharge and groundwater levels during water year 2014 varied geographically across the State. The data are described as being above, below, or near normal in relation to long-term averages for the period of record.
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2015 - Evaluation of the Ott Hydromet Qliner for measuring discharge in laboratory and field conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-01T11:55:09","indexId":"ofr20151052","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1052","title":"Evaluation of the Ott Hydromet Qliner for measuring discharge in laboratory and field conditions","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the University of Iowa IIHR – Hydroscience and Engineering, evaluated the use of the Ott Hydromet Qliner using laboratory flume tests along with field validation tests. Analysis of the flume testing indicates the velocities measured by the Qliner at a 40-second exposure time results in higher dispersion of velocities from the mean velocity of data collected with a 5-minute exposure time. The percent data spread from the mean of a 100-minute mean of Qliner velocities for a 40-second exposure time averaged 16.6 percent for the entire vertical, and a 5-minute mean produced a 6.2 percent data spread from the 100-minute mean. This 16.6 percent variation in measured velocity would result in a 3.32 percent variation in computed discharge assuming 25 verticals while averaging 4 bins in each vertical. The flume testing also provided results that indicate the blanking distance of 0.20 meters is acceptable when using beams 1 and 2, however beam 3 is negatively biased near the transducer and the 0.20-meter blanking distance is not sufficient. Field testing included comparing the measured discharge by the Qliner to the discharge measured by a Price AA mechanical current meter and a Teledyne RDI Rio Grande 1200 kilohertz acoustic Doppler current profiler. The field tests indicated a difference between the discharges measured with the Qliner and the field reference discharge between -14.0 and 8.0 percent; however the average percent difference for all 22 field comparisons was 0.22, which was not statistically significant.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Iowa IIHR – Hydroscience and Engineering","usgsCitation":"McVay, J.C., 2015, Evaluation of the Ott Hydromet Qliner for measuring discharge in laboratory and field conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1052, v, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151052.","productDescription":"v, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061080","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151052.jpg"},{"id":299248,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1052/"},{"id":299249,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1052/pdf/ofr2015-1052.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 15","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.141357421875,\n 41.97582726102573\n ],\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 42.87596410238254\n ],\n [\n -93.22998046875,\n 42.89206418807337\n ],\n [\n -90.90087890624999,\n 42.187829010590825\n ],\n [\n -91.417236328125,\n 40.9218144123785\n ],\n [\n -92.39501953125,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -96.075439453125,\n 41.795888098191426\n ],\n [\n -96.141357421875,\n 41.97582726102573\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551d089be4b0256c24f4214e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McVay, Jason C. jcmcvay@usgs.gov","contributorId":139902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McVay","given":"Jason","email":"jcmcvay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70144390,"text":"ofr20151032 - 2015 - U.S. Geological Survey Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Roadmap 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-31T15:59:00","indexId":"ofr20151032","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-31T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1032","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Roadmap 2014","docAbstract":"The U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) is responsible for protecting the natural resources and heritage contained on almost 20 percent of the land in the United States. This responsibility requires acquisition of remotely sensed data throughout vast lands, including areas that are remote and potentially dangerous to access. One promising new technology for data collection is unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), which may be better suited (achieving superior science, safety, and savings) than traditional methods. UAS, regardless of their size, have the same operational components: aircraft, payloads, communications unit, and operator control unit. The aircraft is the platform that flies and carries any required payloads. For Department of the Interior missions these payloads will be either a sensor or set of sensors that can acquire the specific type of remotely sensed data that is needed. The aircraft will also carry the payload that is responsible for transmitting live airborne video images, compass headings, and location information to the operator control unit. The communications unit, which transfers information between the aircraft and the operator control unit, consists of the hardware and software required to establish both uplink and downlink communications. Finally, the operator control unit both controls and monitors the aircraft and can be operated either by a pilot on the ground or autonomously.
\nThis Roadmap provides operational procedures and lessons learned from completed proof-of-concept UAS missions in areas such as wildlife management, resource monitoring, and public land inspections. This information provides not only an implementation framework but can also help increase the awareness by resource managers, scientists, and others of the ability of UAS technology to advance data quality, improve personnel safety, and reduce data acquisition costs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151032","usgsCitation":"Cress, J.J., Hutt, M.E., Sloan, J.L., Bauer, M., Feller, M.R., and Goplen, S.E., 2015, U.S. Geological Survey Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Roadmap 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1032, vii, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151032.","productDescription":"vii, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056228","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151032.jpg"},{"id":299222,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1032/"},{"id":299223,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1032/pdf/ofr2015-1032.pdf","size":"9.88 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551bb71de4b0323842783a32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cress, Jill J. jjcress@usgs.gov","contributorId":1600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cress","given":"Jill","email":"jjcress@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutt, Michael E. 0000-0002-3869-6096 mehutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3869-6096","contributorId":5037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Michael","email":"mehutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":543801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sloan, Jeff L. jlsloan@usgs.gov","contributorId":3918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloan","given":"Jeff","email":"jlsloan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Mark A. mabauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Mark A.","email":"mabauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Feller, Mark R. mrfeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":3904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feller","given":"Mark","email":"mrfeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goplen, Susan E. segoplen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goplen","given":"Susan","email":"segoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70144507,"text":"ofr20151060 - 2015 - A 30-year chronosequence of burned areas in Arizona: effects of wildfires on vegetation in Sonoran Desert Tortoise (Gopherus morafkai) habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-03T14:58:51","indexId":"ofr20151060","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-31T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1060","title":"A 30-year chronosequence of burned areas in Arizona: effects of wildfires on vegetation in Sonoran Desert Tortoise (Gopherus morafkai) habitats","docAbstract":"Fire is widely regarded as a key evolutionary force in fire-prone ecosystems, with effects spanning multiple levels of organization, from species and functional group composition through landscape-scale vegetation structure, biomass, and diversity (Pausas and others, 2004; Bond and Keeley 2005; Pausas and Verdu, 2008). Ecosystems subjected to novel fire regimes may experience profound changes that are difficult to predict, including persistent losses of vegetation cover and diversity (McLaughlin and Bowers, 1982; Brown and Minnich, 1986; Brooks, 2012), losses to seed banks (Esque and others, 2010a), changes in demographic processes (Esque and others, 2004; DeFalco and others, 2010), increased erosion (Soulard and others, 2013), changes in nutrient availability (Esque and others, 2010b), increased dominance of invasive species (Esque and others, 2002; Brooks and others, 2004), and transitions to alternative community states (Davies and others, 2012). In the deserts of the Southwestern United States, fire size and frequency have increased substantially over the last several decades because of an invasive grass/fire feedback cycle (Schmid and Rogers, 1988; D’Antonio and Vitousek, 1992; Swantek and others, 1999; Brooks and Matchett, 2006; Esque and others, 2010a), in which invasive annual species are able to establish fuel loads capable of sustaining large-scale wildfires following years of high rainfall (Esque and Schwalbe, 2002). Native perennial vegetation is not well-adapted to fire in these environments, and widespread, physiognomically dominant species such as creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia), giant saguaro cactus (Carnegiea gigantea), and paloverde (Parkinsonia spp.) may be reduced or eliminated (Brown and Minnich, 1986; Esque and others, 2006; DeFalco and others, 2010), potentially affecting wildlife populations including the Sonoran and federally threatened Mojave Desert Tortoises (Gopherus morafkai and Gopherus agassizii, respectively; Brooks and Esque, 2002; Esque and others, 2003; Drake and others, in press).
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