Geology and climate are the principal influences affecting the hydrology of Middle Canyon, Tooele County, Utah. Reconnaissance in the canyon indicated that the geologic influences on the hydrology may be localized; water may be leaking through fault and fracture zones or joints in sandstone and through solution openings in limestone of the Oquirrh formation of Pennsylvanian and Permian age. Surficial deposits of Quaternary age serve as the main storage material for ground water in the canyon and transmit water from the upper canyon to springs and drains at the canyon mouth. The upper canyon is a more important storage area than the lower canyon because the surficial deposits are thicker, and any zones of leakage in the underlying bedrock of the upper canyon probably would result in greater leakage than would similar outlets in the lower canyon.
The total annual discharge from Middle Canyon, per unit of precipitation, decreased between 1910 and 1939. Similar decreases occurred in Parleys Canyon in the nearby Wasatch Range and in other drainage basins in Utah, and it is likely that most of the decrease in discharge from Middle Canyon and other canyons in Utah is due to a change in climate.
Chemical analyses of water showed that the high content of sulfate and other constituents in the water from the Utah Metals tunnel, which drains into Middle Canyon, does not have a significant effect on water quality at the canyon mouth. This suggests that much of the tunnel water is lost from the channel by leakage, probably in the upper canyon, during the dry part of the year.
Comparison of the 150 acre-feet of water per square mile of drainage area discharged by Middle Canyon in 1947 with the 623 and 543 acre-feet per square mile discharged in 1948 by City Creek and Mill Creek Canyons, two comparable drainage basins in the nearby Wasatch Range, also suggests that there is leakage in Middle Canyon.
A hydrologic budget of the drainage basin results in an estimate that about 3,000 acre-feet of water was unaccounted for in the 1947 water year. This may represent a reasonable estimate of annual leakage from Middle Canyon.
The future development of Middle Canyon water can best be planned after additional information is obtained on movement of water through the channel fill. Much of this information could be supplied by test drilling in the channel fill.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1619K","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Water and Power Board","usgsCitation":"Gates, J.S., 1963, Hydrogeology of Middle Canyon, Oquirrh Mountains, Tooele County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1619, Report: iv, 40 p.; Plate: 16.00 x 15.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1619K.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 40 p.; Plate: 16.00 x 15.00 inches","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26516,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619k/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26517,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619k/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619k/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Tooele County","otherGeospatial":" Middle Canyon, Oquirrh Mountains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db625119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gates, Joseph Spencer","contributorId":108089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"Spencer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3199,"text":"wsp1544D - 1963 - Application of electrical and radioactive well logging to ground-water hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp1544D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1544","chapter":"D","title":"Application of electrical and radioactive well logging to ground-water hydrology","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1544D","usgsCitation":"Patten, E.P., and Bennett, G.D., 1963, Application of electrical and radioactive well logging to ground-water hydrology: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1544, v. :ill. ;23 cm. ;60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1544D.","productDescription":"v. :ill. ;23 cm. ;60 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1544d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30186,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1544d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67aa3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patten, Eugene P. Jr.","contributorId":59777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patten","given":"Eugene","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, Gordon D.","contributorId":18740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3201,"text":"wsp1544F - 1963 - A field method for measurement of infiltration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp1544F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1544","chapter":"F","title":"A field method for measurement of infiltration","docAbstract":"The determination of infiltration--the downward entry of water into a soil (or sediment)--is receiving increasing attention in hydrologic studies because of the need for more quantitative data on all phases of the hydrologic cycle. A measure of infiltration, the infiltration rate, is usually determined in the field by flooding basins or furrows, sprinkling, or measuring water entry from cylinders (infiltrometer rings). Rates determined by ponding in large areas are considered most reliable, but the high cost usually dictates that infiltrometer rings, preferably 2 feet in diameter or larger, be used. \r\n\r\nThe hydrology of subsurface materials is critical in the study of infiltration. The zone controlling the rate of infiltration is usually the least permeable zone. Many other factors affect infiltration rate--the sediment (soil) structure, the condition of the sediment surface, the distribution of soil moisture or soil- moisture tension, the chemical and physical nature of the sediments, the head of applied water, the depth to ground water, the chemical quality and the turbidity of the applied water, the temperature of the water and the sediments, the percentage of entrapped air in the sediments, the atmospheric pressure, the length of time of application of water, the biological activity in the sediments, and the type of equipment or method used. It is concluded that specific values of the infiltration rate for a particular type of sediment are probably nonexistent and that measured rates are primarily for comparative use. \r\n\r\nA standard field-test method for determining infiltration rates by means of single- or double-ring infiltrometers is described and the construction, installation, and operation of the infiltrometers are discussed in detail.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1544F","usgsCitation":"Johnson, A., 1963, A field method for measurement of infiltration: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1544, v. :ill. ;23 cm. ;27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1544F.","productDescription":"v. :ill. ;23 cm. ;27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1544f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30188,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1544f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, A.I.","contributorId":82676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3203,"text":"wsp1544H - 1963 - Methods of collecting and interpreting ground-water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T18:21:09","indexId":"wsp1544H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1544","chapter":"H","title":"Methods of collecting and interpreting ground-water data","docAbstract":"Because ground water is hidden from view, ancient man could only theorize as to its sources of replenishment and its behavior. His theories held sway until the latter part of the 17th century, which marked the first experimental work to determine the source and movement of ground water. Thus founded, the science of ground-water hydrology grew slowly and not until the 19th century is there substantial evidence of conclusions having been based on observational data. The 20th century has witnessed tremendous advances in the science in the methods of field investigation and interpretation of collected data, in the methods of determining the hydrologic characteristics of water-bearing material, and in the methods of inventorying ground-water supplies. Now, as is true of many other disciplines, the science of ground-water hydrology is characterized by frequent advancement of new ideas and techniques, refinement of old techniques, and an increasing wealth of data awaiting interpretation.
So that its widely scattered staff of professional hydrologists could keep abreast of new ideas and advances in the techniques of groundwater investigation, it has been the practice in the U.S. Geological Survey to distribute such information for immediate internal use. As the methods become better established and developed, they are described in formal publications. Six papers pertaining to widely different phases of ground-water investigation comprise this particular contribution. For the sake of clarity and conformity, the original papers have been revised and edited by the compiler.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1544H","usgsCitation":"1963, Methods of collecting and interpreting ground-water data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1544, vi, 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1544H.","productDescription":"vi, 97 p.","numberOfPages":"104","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":30190,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1544h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1544h/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bc98","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Bentall, Ray","contributorId":78711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bentall","given":"Ray","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709761,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1371,"text":"wsp1655 - 1963 - Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman County, Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55768,"text":"ofr5746 - 1957 - Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman county, Washington","indexId":"ofr5746","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman county, Washington"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1371,"text":"wsp1655 - 1963 - Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman County, Washington","indexId":"wsp1655","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman County, Washington"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:13","indexId":"wsp1655","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1655","title":"Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman County, Washington","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of an investigation of the ground-water resources of the Pullman area, Whitman County, Wash. The investigation war made in cooperation with the State of Washington, Department of Conservation, Division of Water Resources, to determine whether the 1959 rate of ground-water withdrawal exceeded the perennial yield of the developed aquifers, and if so, (1) whether additional aquifers could be developed in the area, and (2) whether the yield of the developed aquifers could be increased by artificial recharge. The Pullman area includes the agricultural district surrounding the city of Pullman, in southeastern Whitman County, and the western two-thirds of the Moscow-Pullman basin, which extends into Latah County, Idaho. The mapped area comprises shout 250 square miles. \r\n\r\nThe area is in a region of smooth rolling hills formed by erosion of thick deposits of loess, which cover a dissected lava plain. The loess (Palouse formation of Pleistocene age) ranges in thickness from less than 1 foot to more than 150 feet. The underlying lava flows, part of the Columbia River basalt of Tertiary age, are nearly horizontal and form bluffs and low cliffs along the major streams. The total thickness of the basalt sequence in the area is not known, but it may be considerably greater than 1,000 feet beneath the city of Pullman. The basalt sequence is underlain by a basement mass of granite, granite gneiss, and quartzite, of pre-Tertiary age. \r\n\r\nThe most productive aquifers in the area are in the Columbia River basalt. They consist of the permeable zones, commonly occurring at the tops of individual lava flows, which may contain ground water under either artesian or water-table conditions. Two such permeable zones have produced more than 95 percent of the ground water used in the Pullman area, or as much as 870 million gallons per year (1957). These two zones are hydraulically connected and lie at depths ranging from about 50 to 170 feet below the land surface at Pullman. The area receives about 21 inches of precipitation annually, about two-thirds of it from October through March. 0nly a fraction of the precipitation reaches the aquifers; the remainder is returned to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration or leaves the area as surface runoff. The basalt is recharged mainly by infiltration from streams and downward percolation from the overlying loess. \r\n\r\nThe ground water moves generally westward. However, most water in the artesian aquifers tapped by wells in the vicinity of Pullman may move toward the city of Pullman, which is the center of major pumping. The rate of movement ranges from extremely slow in the loess and the massive basalt to very rapid in the permeable zones of basalt. The principal modes of discharge from the artesian aquifers are seepage to streams and pumpage from wells. The amount of natural discharge is unknown, but the pumpage ranged from about 340 to 870 million gallons per year, and during 1949-59 it averaged about 800 million gallons (2,500 ac-ft) per year. For about the last 25 years at least, the piezometric surface of the artesian zones has declined each year, indicating that the annual ground-water discharge from the artesian aquifers (including pumpage and natural discharge) has exceeded the recharge in the Pullman area. An analysis of the relation of pumpage to the decline in artesian level indicates that during 1952-59 an average of about 65 million gallons per year was removed from storage. Although the decline in artesian pressures has resulted in an increase in the recharge to the aquifers, the present rate of pumping may be equal to or even exceed the perennial yield of the artesian aquifer in the report area under natural conditions. \r\n\r\nGeologic and hydrologic conditions seem favorable for the existence of potentially good aquifers below those which are now extensively developed. The deep aquifers seem to have only a slight hydraulic connection with the overlying artesian basalt ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1655","usgsCitation":"Foxworthy, B., and Washburn, R., 1963, Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1655, iv, 71 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1655.","productDescription":"iv, 71 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110001,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24847.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24847"},{"id":137288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1655/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26462,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1655/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26463,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1655/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26464,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1655/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26465,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1655/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d89c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foxworthy, B. L.","contributorId":45686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foxworthy","given":"B. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Washburn, R.L.","contributorId":89114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Washburn","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1299,"text":"wsp1605 - 1963 - Geology and hydrology of Agua Caliente Spring, Palm Springs, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T22:16:29.021388","indexId":"wsp1605","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1605","title":"Geology and hydrology of Agua Caliente Spring, Palm Springs, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1605","usgsCitation":"Dutcher, L., and Bader, J., 1963, Geology and hydrology of Agua Caliente Spring, Palm Springs, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1605, Report: iv, 41 p.; 2 Plates: 18.94 × 14.81 inches and 9.82 × 14.42 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1605.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 41 p.; 2 Plates: 18.94 × 14.81 inches and 9.82 × 14.42 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393889,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24793.htm"},{"id":276510,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1605/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":276509,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1605/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":26312,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1605/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1605/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Palm Springs","otherGeospatial":"Agua Caliente Spring","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.56768798828125,\n 33.77343983379775\n ],\n [\n -116.40289306640624,\n 33.77343983379775\n ],\n [\n -116.40289306640624,\n 33.91259414191221\n ],\n [\n -116.56768798828125,\n 33.91259414191221\n ],\n [\n -116.56768798828125,\n 33.77343983379775\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4673","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dutcher, L.C.","contributorId":42191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutcher","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bader, J. S.","contributorId":65830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bader","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1298,"text":"wsp1419 - 1963 - Geologic and hydrologic features of the San Bernardino area, California; with special reference to underflow across the San Jacinto fault","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51238,"text":"ofr5358 - 1953 - San Bernardion Area, California: Three maps showing water-level contours for the San Bernardino area for spring 1936, spring 1945, and spring 1951; east-west geologic section from Colton to Mill Creek Canyon; geologic section from Shandin Hills southeast to Bryn Mawr; and water level profiles along the section from Colton to Mill Creek Canyon","indexId":"ofr5358","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"San Bernardion Area, California: Three maps showing water-level contours for the San Bernardino area for spring 1936, spring 1945, and spring 1951; east-west geologic section from Colton to Mill Creek Canyon; geologic section from Shandin Hills southeast to Bryn Mawr; and water level profiles along the section from Colton to Mill Creek Canyon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1298,"text":"wsp1419 - 1963 - Geologic and hydrologic features of the San Bernardino area, California; with special reference to underflow across the San Jacinto fault","indexId":"wsp1419","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic and hydrologic features of the San Bernardino area, California; with special reference to underflow across the San Jacinto fault"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":51253,"text":"ofr5376 - 1953 - Maps and sections showing ground-water conditions in the San Bernardino area, California","indexId":"ofr5376","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Maps and sections showing ground-water conditions in the San Bernardino area, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1298,"text":"wsp1419 - 1963 - Geologic and hydrologic features of the San Bernardino area, California; with special reference to underflow across the San Jacinto fault","indexId":"wsp1419","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic and hydrologic features of the San Bernardino area, California; with special reference to underflow across the San Jacinto fault"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-01T20:10:25.234553","indexId":"wsp1419","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1419","title":"Geologic and hydrologic features of the San Bernardino area, California; with special reference to underflow across the San Jacinto fault","docAbstract":"This is the second in a series of interpretive reports on subsurface outflow from the ground-water basins of San Bernardino County, Calif., prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the San Bernardino County Flood Control District. One principal purpose of the study was to estimate the ground-water outflow from the Bunker Hill basin to the Rialto-Colton basin across the San Jacinto fault, which, except locally, forms a nearly impermeable boundary between the two basins. In addition, the report deals qualitatively with the geology, the fault barriers that divide the area into several ground-water basins, the physical nature and degree of imperviousness of the barriers, the occurrence and movement of ground water and fluctuations of water level in the basins, and the chemical quality of surface and ground waters in the San Bernardino area. The report includes a geologic map and sections, water-level-contour maps and profiles, and hydrographs of selected well. The Santa Ana River, the principal stream, flows generally westward across the area. Channels of the river and its tributaries overlie a large irregular structural depression filled with alluvial deposits ranging in age from late Tertiary to Recent and forming a valley bounded on the north by the San Gabriel Mountains, on the east by the San Bernardino Mountains, and on the south by an irregular group of hills. Large alluvial fans underlie most of the area, but its landforms also include alluvial benches and terraces near the mountains, stream channels, and elongate hills, ridges, and scarps along the trace of the San Jacinto fault, which strikes northwestward across the valley about in the center of the area. This fault and others divide the area into ground-water basins, which include the Bunker Hill, Rialto-Colton, upper and lower Lytle and Chino basins. The water-bearing deposits include the following units: the younger alluvium. of Recent age, which occupies principally the backfilled channels beneath the Santa Ana River and its tributaries and through which ground water moves from Bunker Hill basin to Rialto-Colton basin; the older alluvium, of Pleistocene age, which is the principal water-bearing unit of the area and yields water to more than a thousand wells; and continental deposits of Tertiary to Quaternary age, which crop out along the southern margin of the area and locally along the San Gabriel Mountains on the north. The younger alluvium attains a maximum thickness of about 125 feet beneath the Santa Ana River south of San Bernardino. Locally in the Bunker Hill basin it is composed of two members, an upper member of relatively impermeable clay and a lower member of highly permeable material in which water is confined by the upper member. The older alluvium locally has a known thickness greater than 700 feet; elsewhere in the San Bernardino Valley it may exceed 1,400 feet. Locally, where ground water is confined in Bunker Hill basin, the older alluvium is divided into three permeable water-bearing zones separated from each other and from the younger alluvium above by less permeable zones. In parts of Chino and Rialto-Colton basins the alluvium consists of a coarse-grained facies along a former course of a major stream that is interfingered with and overlain by relatively fine-grained deposits. The permeability of the younger alluvium in the area beneath the Santa Ana River downstream from the San Jacinto fault was determined from tests to be about 2,700 gallons per day per square foot. The permeability of the coarse water-yielding materials of the older alluvium several miles downstream was estimated from tests to be about the same magnitude. Rocks that yield practically no water include continental rocks of Tertiary age, which are not exposed in the area but are tapped by wells in Rialto-Colton basin, and crystalline and metamorphic rocks of pre-Tertiary age that form the bedrock of the area.
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1963 - Ground-water contamination and legal controls in Michigan","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52078,"text":"ofr6036 - 1960 - Ground-water contamination and legal controls in Michigan","indexId":"ofr6036","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water contamination and legal controls in Michigan"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1275,"text":"wsp1691 - 1963 - Ground-water contamination and legal controls in Michigan","indexId":"wsp1691","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water contamination and legal controls in Michigan"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-22T13:46:38","indexId":"wsp1691","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1691","title":"Ground-water contamination and legal controls in Michigan","docAbstract":"The great importance of the fresh ground-water resources of Michigan is evident because 90 percent of the rural and about 70 percent of the total population of the State exclusive of the Detroit metropolitan area are supplied from underground sources. The water-supply and public-health problems that have been caused by some cases of ground-water contamination in the State illustrate the necessity of protecting this vital resource.
Manmade and natural contaminants, including many types of chemical and organic matter, have entered many of the numerous aquifers of the State. Aquifers have been contaminated by waste-laden liquids percolating from the surface or from the zone of aeration and by direct injection to the aquifer itself. Industrial and domestic wastes, septic tanks, leaking sewers, flood waters or other poor quality surface waters, mine waters, solids stored or spread at the surface, and even airborne wastes all have been sources of ground-water contamination in Michigan. In addition, naturally occurring saline waters have been induced into other aquifers by overpumping or unrestricted flow from artesian wells, possibly by dewatering operations, and by the deepening of surface stream channels. Vertical migration of saline waters through open holes from formations underlying various important aquifers also has spoiled some of the fresh ground waters in the State. In spite of the contamination that has occurred, however, the total amount of ground water that has been spoiled is only a small part of the total resource. Neither is the contamination so widespread as that of the surface streams of Michigan.
Overall legal authority to control most types of ground-water contamination in the State has been assigned by the Michigan Legislature to the Water Resources Commission, although the Department of Conservation and the Health Department also exercise important water-pollution control functions. The Michigan Supreme Court, in an important case upholding the power of the Water Resources Commission to control pollution of ground water, in effect has introduced the doctrine of reasonable use into the law of the State. Excluding controls administered by the Department of Conservation on activities of the oil and gas industry, however, legal controls have not been used abate intrusion of natural saline waters into fresh-water aquifers in response to pumping and other manmade changes in the hydrologic regimen.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d070","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deutsch, Morris","contributorId":69119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deutsch","given":"Morris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23192,"text":"ofr6336 - 1963 - Floods on White Rock Creek above White Rock Lake at Dallas, Texas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23192,"text":"ofr6336 - 1963 - Floods on White Rock Creek above White Rock Lake at Dallas, Texas","indexId":"ofr6336","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Floods on White Rock Creek above White Rock Lake at Dallas, Texas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":68020,"text":"ha238 - 1967 - Floods on White Rock Creek at Dallas, Texas in 1962 and 1964","indexId":"ha238","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"Floods on White Rock Creek at Dallas, Texas in 1962 and 1964"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":68020,"text":"ha238 - 1967 - Floods on White Rock Creek at Dallas, Texas in 1962 and 1964","indexId":"ha238","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"Floods on White Rock Creek at Dallas, Texas in 1962 and 1964"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T14:47:49","indexId":"ofr6336","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"63-36","title":"Floods on White Rock Creek above White Rock Lake at Dallas, Texas","docAbstract":"The White Rock Creek watershed within the city limits of Dallas , Texas, presents problems not unique in the rapid residential and industrial development encountered by many cities throughout the United States. The advantages of full development of the existing area within a city before expanding city boundaries, are related to both economics and civic pride. The expansion of city boundaries usually results in higher per capital costs for the operation of city governments.
Certainly no responsible city official would oppose reasonable development of watersheds and flood plains and thus sacrifice an increase in tax revenue. Within the words \"reasonable development\" lies the problem faced by these officials. They are aware that the natural function of a stream channel, and its associated flood plain is to carry away excess water in time of flood. They are also aware that failure to recognize this has often led to haphazard development on flood plains with a consequent increase in flood damages. In the absence of factual data defining the risk involved in occupying flood plains, stringent corrective and preventative measures must be taken to regulate man's activities on flood plains to a point beyond normal precaution.
Flood-flow characteristics in the reach of White Rock Creek that lies between the northern city boundary of Dallas and Northwest Highway (Loop 12) at the upper end of White Rock Lake, are presented in this report. Hydrologic data shown include history and magnitude of floods, flood profiles, outlines of areas inundated by three floods, and estimates of mean velocities of flow at selected points.
Approximate areas inundated by floods of April 1942 and July 1962 along White Rock Creek and by the flood of October 1962 along Cottonwood Creek, Floyd Branch, and Jackson Branch, are delineated on maps. Greater floods have undoubtedly occurred in the past but no attempt is made to show their probable overflow limits because basic data on such floods could not be obtained. Depths of inundation can be estimated from the information shown. Elevations shown are in feet above mean sea level, datum of 1929.
The data and computations supporting the results given herein are in the files of the Geological Survey in Austin, Texas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr6336","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Dallas","usgsCitation":"Gilbert, C.R., 1963, Floods on White Rock Creek above White Rock Lake at Dallas, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 63-36, ii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6336.","productDescription":"ii, 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":113001,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0036/plate-1.pdf","size":"4122","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":113002,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0036/plate-2.pdf","size":"4104","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0036/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52512,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0036/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallaw","otherGeospatial":"White Rock Creek","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df7e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilbert, Clarence R.","contributorId":30965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Clarence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1183,"text":"wsp1619Y - 1963 - Geology and hydrology of Valle Grande and Valle Toledo, Sandoval County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp1619Y","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1619","chapter":"Y","title":"Geology and hydrology of Valle Grande and Valle Toledo, Sandoval County, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1619Y","usgsCitation":"Conover, C.S., Theis, C., and Griggs, R., 1963, Geology and hydrology of Valle Grande and Valle Toledo, Sandoval County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1619, iv, 37 leaves :ill., map ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1619Y.","productDescription":"iv, 37 leaves :ill., map ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619y/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26027,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619y/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26028,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619y/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26029,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619y/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26030,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619y/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26031,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619y/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4674","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conover, Clyde Stuart","contributorId":42197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conover","given":"Clyde","email":"","middleInitial":"Stuart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Theis, C.V.","contributorId":101641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theis","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griggs, Roy L.","contributorId":41900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griggs","given":"Roy L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1167,"text":"wsp1669B - 1963 - Sediment characteristics of small streams in southern Wisconsin, 1954-59","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-02T14:37:59","indexId":"wsp1669B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1669","chapter":"B","title":"Sediment characteristics of small streams in southern Wisconsin, 1954-59","docAbstract":"The results of investigations of the sediment and water discharge characteristics of Black Earth Creek, Mount Vernon Creek, and Yellowstone River from 1954 to 1959 and Dell Creek for 1958 and 1959 indicate large differences in annual runoff and sediment yields. The suspended-sediment discharge of Black Earth Creek averaged 3,260 tons per year or 71 tons per square mile : the annual yields ranged from 27 to 102 tons per square mile. The annual suspended-sediment yield of Mount Vernon Creek ranged from 48 to 171 tons per square mile and averaged 96 tons per square mile. The maximum daily discharge was 1,120 tons on April 1, 1960, during a storm which produced 67 percent of the suspended load for that water year and exceeded the discharge for the preceding 3 years. The sediment discharge of the Yellowstone River averaged 6,870 tons per year or 236 tons per square riffle. The maximum daily sediment discharge, 3,750 tons on April 1, 1959, occurred during a 14-day period of high flow during which the sediment discharge was 15,480 tons. In 1958 and 1959, Dell Creek had suspended-sediment yields of 4.7 and 26 tons per square mile of drainage area. The suspended sediment transported by Black Earth and Mount Vernon Creeks is about two-thirds clay and one-third silt. For Yellowstone River the particle-size distribution of the suspended sediment ranged from three-fourths clay and one-fourth silt during periods of low sediment discharge to one-third clay and two-thirds silt during high sediment discharges. For Dell Creek nearly all of the suspended sediment is clay, but the bed load is sand. The mean sediment concentration of storm runoff averaged two to three times more in the summer than in the winter. No significant changes with time occurred in the relation between storm runoff and sediment yield.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1669B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Conservation Department through the Wisconsin Committee on Water Pollution","usgsCitation":"Collier, C.R., 1963, Sediment characteristics of small streams in southern Wisconsin, 1954-59: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1669, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1669B.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26002,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Black Earth Creek, Dell Creek, Mount Vernon Creek, Yellowstone River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 42.56521874494336\n ],\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 43.60823944964325\n ],\n [\n -89.49462890625,\n 43.60823944964325\n ],\n [\n -89.49462890625,\n 42.56521874494336\n ],\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 42.56521874494336\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4794e4b07f02db48cded","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collier, Charles R.","contributorId":57821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collier","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1157,"text":"wsp1669M - 1963 - Specific yield and particle-size relations of Quaternary alluvium, Humboldt River Valley, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:12","indexId":"wsp1669M","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1669","chapter":"M","title":"Specific yield and particle-size relations of Quaternary alluvium, Humboldt River Valley, Nevada","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1962","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1669M","usgsCitation":"Cohen, P.M., 1963, Specific yield and particle-size relations of Quaternary alluvium, Humboldt River Valley, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1669, iv, 24 p. :ill., map ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1669M.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. :ill., map ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669m/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25964,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669m/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohen, Philip M.","contributorId":67860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23474,"text":"ofr6367 - 1963 - Application of laboratory permeability data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-27T16:18:51","indexId":"ofr6367","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"63-67","title":"Application of laboratory permeability data","docAbstract":"Some of the basic material contained in this report originally was prepared in 1952 as instructional handouts for ground-water short courses and for training of foreign participants. The material has been revised and expanded and is presented in the present form to make it more readily available to the field hydrologist. Illustrations now present published examples of the applications suggested in the 1952 material.
For small areas, a field pumping test is sufficient to predict the characteristics of an aquifer. With a large area under study, the aquifer properties must be determined at many different locations and it is not usually economically feasible to make sufficient field tests to define the aquifer properties in detail for the whole aquifer. By supplementing a few field tests with laboratory permeability data and geologic interpretation, more point measurements representative of the hydrologic properties of the aquifer may be obtained.
A sufficient number of samples seldom can be obtained to completely identify the permeability or transmissibility in detail for a project area. However, a few judiciously chosen samples of high quality, combined with good geologic interpretation, often will permit the extrapolation of permeability information over a large area with a fair degree of reliability. The importance of adequate geologic information, as well as the importance of collecting samples representative of at least all major textural units lying within the section or area of study, cannot be overemphasized.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr6367","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Johnson, A., 1963, Application of laboratory permeability data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 63-67, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6367.","productDescription":"33 p.","numberOfPages":"43","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":344396,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0067/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0067/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db62322f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, A.I.","contributorId":82676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23476,"text":"ofr6361 - 1963 - Geophysical logging of boreholes for hydrologic studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:15","indexId":"ofr6361","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"63-61","title":"Geophysical logging of boreholes for hydrologic studies","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Hydrologic Laboratory,","doi":"10.3133/ofr6361","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Johnson, A., 1963, Geophysical logging of boreholes for hydrologic studies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 63-61, 10 p. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6361.","productDescription":"10 p. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":113007,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0061/report.pdf","size":"651","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0061/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bef8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, A.I.","contributorId":82676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1019,"text":"wsp1580B - 1963 - Factors influencing the occurrence of floods in a humid region of diverse terrain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp1580B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1580","chapter":"B","title":"Factors influencing the occurrence of floods in a humid region of diverse terrain","docAbstract":"This report describes relations between flood peaks and hydrologic factors in a humid region with limited climatic variation but a diversity of terrain. Statistical multiple-regression techniques have been applied to hydrologic data on New England. Many topographic and climatic factors have been evaluated. and their relations to flood peaks have been examined. \r\n\r\nMany of the factors that influence flood peaks are interrelated, and part of the investigation consisted of determining the most efficient factor in each of several groups of highly interrelated variables. Drainage area size was found to be the most important factor. Main-channel slope was found to be next in importance, and a simple yet efficient indicator of main-channel slope was developed. The surface area of lakes and ponds was found to be a factor significantly influencing peak discharges. Of several indices tested the intensity of rainfall for a given duration and frequency was found to be most highly related to the magnitude of peaks. The increase in peaks caused by snowmelt and frozen ground was found to be related to an index of winter temperature-the average number of degrees below freezing in January. \r\n\r\nAfter the above-mentioned topographic and climatic characteristics had been taken into account, there remained deviations in peak discharges that showed an evident relation to orographic patterns. An orographic factor was mapped as defined by the peak discharges of record. Multiple-regression equations were developed that related, with acceptable accuracy, peak discharges of 1.2-to 300-year recurrence intervals to 6 hydrologic variables; 3 of the variables were topographic, 2 climatic, and 1 orographic. The remaining unexplained variations in flood-peak occurrence are believed attributable to the chance variation in storms.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U. S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey ;","doi":"10.3133/wsp1580B","isbn":"pbk","usgsCitation":"Benson, M.A., 1963, Factors influencing the occurrence of floods in a humid region of diverse terrain: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1580, iv, 64 p. :ill., maps. ; 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1580B.","productDescription":"iv, 64 p. :ill., maps. ; 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1580b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25633,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1580b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25634,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1580b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f28d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, M. A.","contributorId":32510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5898,"text":"pp422A - 1963 - Morphology and hydrology of a glacial stream -- White River, Mount Rainier, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:49","indexId":"pp422A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"422","chapter":"A","title":"Morphology and hydrology of a glacial stream -- White River, Mount Rainier, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp422A","usgsCitation":"Fahnestock, R.K., 1963, Morphology and hydrology of a glacial stream -- White River, Mount Rainier, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 422, p. A1-A70, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp422A.","productDescription":"p. A1-A70","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0422a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32755,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0422a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4761","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fahnestock, Robert K.","contributorId":100381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahnestock","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2726,"text":"wsp1475L - 1963 - Hydrology of stock-water development in the Ely Grazing District, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"wsp1475L","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1475","chapter":"L","title":"Hydrology of stock-water development in the Ely Grazing District, Nevada","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology of the Public Domain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"United States Government Printing Office,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1475L","usgsCitation":"Snyder, C., 1963, Hydrology of stock-water development in the Ely Grazing District, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1475, iv, 383-441 p. :ill., map ;24 cm. & 1 map in pocket., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1475L.","productDescription":"iv, 383-441 p. :ill., map ;24 cm. & 1 map in pocket.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1475l/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29133,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1475l/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29134,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1475l/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601efc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Charles T.","contributorId":53767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Charles T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2727,"text":"wsp1475N - 1963 - Hydrology of stock-water development on the public domain of western Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T18:19:14","indexId":"wsp1475N","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1475","chapter":"N","title":"Hydrology of stock-water development on the public domain of western Utah","docAbstract":"A geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance was made on the public domain of western Utah to appraise the water resources of the area and to provide a basis for locating and developing sources of stock water. The study area includes the Bonneville, Pahvant, and Virgin Grazing Districts, in parts of Tooele, Utah, Juab, Millard, Beaver, Iron, and Washington Counties, Utah.
Western Utah is in the Great Basin section of the Basin and Range physiographic province and is typified by northward-trending parallel mountain ranges, and basins of interior drainage. Precipitation ranges from 5 to 9 inches annually in most of the valleys but in some places it is as much as 15 or 16 inches and probably is considerably greater in the mountains.
The valleys of western Utah have been classified in the report according to their hydrologic and topographic characteristics. The Great Salt Lake valley and the Sevier Lake valley are closed or terminal valleys having no outlet for the discharge of water except by evaporation. Such valleys are topographically closed and hydrologically undrained. Valleys tributary to these terminal valleys are topographically open valleys from which water is discharged by gravity flow to the terminal valley. Quality of ground water in the valleys of western Utah depends upon the valley type and place where the water is sampled with respect to the body of ground water in the valley fill. Quality of the water in the drained parts of the valleys is usually good whereas water in the undrained parts of the valleys may be heavily charged with dissolved mineral contaminants. Limits of tolerance for use of salt-contaminated water are cited.
The adequacy of distribution of water supplies in western Utah was determined by application of the service area concept to the existing supplies. Stock-water supplies are obtained from wells, springs, and reservoirs. Most of the wells are in the valleys where water is obtained from valley fill; the depth to water ranges from a few tens of feet to several hundred feet. Ground water generally cannot be obtained in the mountains because the rocks either lack permeability or are drained.
Data collected in 13 valleys, each valley forming a ground-water unit, are listed in the tables and are used to evaluate the prospects for obtaining additional water supplies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology of the Public Domain (Water Supply Paper 1475)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1475N","usgsCitation":"Snyder, C., 1963, Hydrology of stock-water development on the public domain of western Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1475, Report: iv, 50 p.; Plate: 19.00 x 35.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1475N.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 50 p.; Plate: 19.00 x 35.50 inches","startPage":"487","endPage":"536","numberOfPages":"57","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1475n/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29135,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1475n/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29136,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1475n/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","publicComments":"Prepared as part of the soil and moisture program of the Department of the Interior","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602036","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Charles T.","contributorId":53767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Charles T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2657,"text":"wsp1619BB - 1963 - Ground-water exploration and test pumping in the Halma-Lake Bronson area, Kittson County, Minnesota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52130,"text":"ofr60121 - 1960 - Ground-water exploration and test pumping in the Halma-Lake Bronson area, Kittson County, Minnesota","indexId":"ofr60121","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water exploration and test pumping in the Halma-Lake Bronson area, Kittson County, Minnesota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2657,"text":"wsp1619BB - 1963 - Ground-water exploration and test pumping in the Halma-Lake Bronson area, Kittson County, Minnesota","indexId":"wsp1619BB","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"chapter":"BB","title":"Ground-water exploration and test pumping in the Halma-Lake Bronson area, Kittson County, Minnesota"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T22:29:04.379831","indexId":"wsp1619BB","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1619","chapter":"BB","title":"Ground-water exploration and test pumping in the Halma-Lake Bronson area, Kittson County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"The Halma-Lake Bronson area covers about 80 square miles in the northwestern corner of Minnesota. It is a relatively featureless poorly drained glacial drift plain which slopes gently to the west about 10 feet per mile. The plain is interrupted by sand dunes and by beach deposits of Glacial Lake Agassiz. In the northeastern part of the area, the glacial drift rests on Preeambrian crystalline basement rock; throughout the rest of the area the drift is underlain by shale, limestone, and sandstone of Ordovician age, and probably by shale and limestone of Cretaceous age.
\nInformation from 75 test holes showed that, except for minor amounts of surficial swamp sediments, eolian sand, and alluvium, the area is underlain by a'bout 320 to 420 feet of glacial drift. The most important aquifers are the relatively coarse-grained glacial outwash deposits that constitute part of the drift. The principal aquifer is a series of outwash deposits, ranging in thickness from 0 to about 280 feet, that fill a north-south trending valley cut in the underlying relatively impermeable drift. The deposits in this buried valley have an average thickness of about 130 feet in an area about 8 miles long and 3 miles wide, and are considered as a hydrologic unit.
\nThe main source of ground-water recharge is precipitation on the part of the area underlain by the principal series of outwash deposits; evapotranspiration accounts for most of the discharge. The sandy texture of the soil and the flat topography are particularly conducive to recharge, and there is extremely little surface runoff. The average depth to the water table is about 8 feet below land surface. Although the regional slope of the water table is probably to the west, locally the gradient is toward Lake Bronson and South Branch Two Rivers.
\nPumping tests of the outwash deposits in 2 parts of the buried valley indicate that the average coefficients of transmissibility were about 80,000 gpd per ft and about 50,000 gpd per ft. The field coefficients of permeability were about 800 and 300 gpd per sq ft, respectively.
\nAbout 65 billion gallons of ground water is estimated to be in storage in the area underlain by the principal aquifer.
\nThere are no large ground-water developments in the area. The average depth of farm wells and the few municipal wells is about 25 feet.
\nChemical analyses of water from the principal aquifer show that the water is primarily of the bicarbonate type. The water is hard, and contains high iron Concentrations. Most wells yield water that is softer and less mineralized than ground water from the adjacent area to the west.
\nLarge quantities of water suitable for most industrial purposes are available in the Halma-Lake Bronson area. Yields of 1,000 to 2,000 gpm could probably be obtained from wells located by an adequate program of exploratory drilling and test pumping.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1619BB","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Division of Waters, Minnesota Department of Conservation, and the Department of Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation","usgsCitation":"Schiner, G.R., 1963, Ground-water exploration and test pumping in the Halma-Lake Bronson area, Kittson County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1619, Report: iv, 38 p.; 2 Plates: 23.50 x 18.50 inches and 19.0 x 21.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1619BB.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 38 p.; 2 Plates: 23.50 x 18.50 inches and 19.0 x 21.0 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28993,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619bb/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138222,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619bb/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28992,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619bb/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28991,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619bb/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":424455,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24815.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Kittson County","otherGeospatial":"Halma-Lake Bronson area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.75,\n 48.75\n ],\n [\n -96.75,\n 48.5\n ],\n [\n -96.5,\n 48.5\n ],\n [\n -96.5,\n 48.75\n ],\n [\n -96.75,\n 48.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ce89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schiner, George R.","contributorId":22743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiner","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2776,"text":"wsp1755 - 1963 - Large springs of east Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"wsp1755","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1755","title":"Large springs of east Tennessee","docAbstract":"Springs constitute an important source of water in east Tennessee, and many individual springs are capable of supplying the large quantities needed for municipal and industrial supplies. \r\n\r\nMost of the springs in east Tennessee issue from solution openings and fractured and faulted zones in limestone and dolomite of the Knox Group, Chickamauga Limestone, and Conasauga Group. The ability of these rocks to yield a sustained flow of water to springs is dependent on a system of interconnected openings through which water can infiltrate from the land surface and move to points of natural discharge. \r\n\r\nNinety springs were selected for detailed study, and 84 of these are analyzed in terms of magnitude and variability of discharge. Of the 84 springs analyzed, 4 flow at an average rate of 10 to 100 cfs (cubic feet per second), 62 at an average rate of 1 to 10 cfs, and 18 at an average rate of 1 cfs or less. Of the 90 springs, 75 are variable in their discharge; that is, the ratio of their fluctuations to their average discharges exceeds 100 percent. \r\n\r\nMathematical analysis of the flow recession curve of Mill Spring near Jefferson City shows that the hydrologic system contributing to the flow of the spring has an effective capacity of about 70 million cubic feet of water. The rate of depletion of this volume of water, in the absence of significant precipitation, averages 0.0056 cfs per day between the time when the hydrologic system is full and the time when the spring ceases to flow. From such a curve it is possible to determine at any time the residual volume of water remaining in the system and the expected rate of decrease in discharge from that time to cessation of flow. \r\n\r\nCorrelation of discharge measurements of 22 springs with those of Mill Spring shows that rough approximations of discharge can be projected for springs for which few measurements are available. Seventeen of the springs analyzed in this manner show good correlation with Mill Spring: that is, their coefficients of correlation were 0.70 or better as compared with a perfect correlation factor of 1.00.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U. S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1755","usgsCitation":"Sun, P.P., Criner, J., and Poole, J.L., 1963, Large springs of east Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1755, iv, 52 p. :maps, diagrs., tables. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1755.","productDescription":"iv, 52 p. :maps, diagrs., tables. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1755/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29224,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1755/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a9020","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sun, Pao-chang P.","contributorId":42947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Pao-chang","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Criner, J.H.","contributorId":83903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criner","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poole, J. L.","contributorId":40583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poole","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2613,"text":"wsp1619N - 1963 - Geology and occurrence of ground water in Lyon County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:11:34","indexId":"wsp1619N","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1619","chapter":"N","title":"Geology and occurrence of ground water in Lyon County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Lyon County is in southwestern Minnesota, mostly within the drainage basin of the Minnesota River. The basement rocks in the area consist largely of Precambrian granite and quartzite. These are overlain locally by flat-lying Upper Cretaceous strata composed of thick sections of soft dark-bluish-gray shale and some thin beds of loosely consolidated sandstone. The Cretaceous strata are more than 500 feet thick near the center of the county but gradually pinch out toward the northeast and southwest against the highs of the Precambrian bedrock surface. Glacial drift overlies the Precambrian and Cretaceous rocks and forms the surface of the area. The drift consists largely of till and ranges in thickness from about 10 feet in the north and northeast to approximately 550 feet in the southwest. The most prominent surflcial glacial deposits are five southeast-trending end moraines, two of which are associated with, and parallel to, relatively extensive belts of outwash. Recent deposits averaging less than 20 feet in thickness overlie the glacial drift in stream valleys.
\nThe principal aquifers in Lyon County are glacial-melt-water deposits of sand and gravel, and sandstone of Cretaceous age. The underlying Precambrian rocks and the Recent alluvium are of only local importance as water sources.
\nMelt-water deposits composed of stratified clay and silt as well as sand and gravel occur in channels having surficial expression, in buried channels having no direct surface expression, and as small isolated bodies within the till. Well logs of test holes show that the buried melt-water channels are generally parallel to the surflcial channels. However, melt-water deposits are not necessarily confined to the area beneath the surflcial channel but may extend laterally 1 mile or more beyond its limits. Sand and gravel are commonly interbedded with other melt-water materials. They range in thickness from 10 to 75 feet, are usually less than 1 mile in width, and may be as much as 8 miles in length. Although these aquifers are extensive, they underlie less than 10 percent of the county area. In most places, water from the drift is obtained from small isolated bodies of sand and gravel within the till.
\nWater in the glacial drift is usually very hard (more than 500 parts per million) and low in chlorides (less than 50 parts per million). Drift wells generally yield from 2 to 30 gallons per minute; however, in areas where wells tap melt-water-channel deposits, sustained yields of as much as 500 gallons per minute are obtained.
\nThe sandstone beds of Cretaceous age occur between the Precambrian bedrock surface and an altitude of 825 feet as a basal sandstone, between altitudes of 890 and 1.020 feet, and between altitudes of 1,050 and 1,160 feet. Water-well data, supplemented by test drilling, show that each of these stratigraphic intervals is developed only in the county. The sandstone beds are of low permeability and are usually less than 2 feet thick, but they may be more than 20 feet thick in places. Water from these aquifers range in quality from soft (less than 60 parts per million) to very hard (more than 500 parts per million) and may contain excessive amounts of chloride (500 to 2,000 parts per million). Wells tapping rocks of Cretaceous age usually yield 2 to 7 gallons per minute, but in areas where the sandstone beds are thicker or hydrologically interrelated with aquifers of other geologic units, yields of as much as 75 gallons per minute have been obtained.
\nLarge quantities of ground water are available from melt-water channels in the county. Moderate quantities, adequate for domestic and small industrial needs, are available from many of the small isolated deposits of sand and gravel in the till. Small quantities of ground water, adequate only for domestic supply, generally can be obtained from Cretaceous sandstone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1619N","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Division of Waters, Minnesota Department of Conservation and the Marshall Municipal Utilities, Marshall, Minnesota","usgsCitation":"Rodis, H.G., 1963, Geology and occurrence of ground water in Lyon County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1619, Document: iv, 41 p.; Plate: 27 x 22 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1619N.","productDescription":"Document: iv, 41 p.; Plate: 27 x 22 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619n/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28901,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619n/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28902,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619n/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Lyon County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-96.0914,44.631],[-95.6023,44.6309],[-95.6028,44.5433],[-95.5938,44.5434],[-95.5921,44.1964],[-96.0628,44.1987],[-96.0788,44.1993],[-96.0747,44.5455],[-96.0932,44.5456],[-96.0914,44.631]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Lyon\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6848a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodis, Harry G.","contributorId":25141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodis","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":35360,"text":"b1133C - 1963 - Geology and hydrology of the Elk River, Minnesota, nuclear-reactor site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:38:39","indexId":"b1133C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1133","chapter":"C","title":"Geology and hydrology of the Elk River, Minnesota, nuclear-reactor site","docAbstract":"The Elk River, Minn., nuclear-reactor site is on the east bluff of the Mississippi River about 35 miles northwest of Minneapolis and St. Paul. The area is underlain by about 70 to 180 feet of glacial drift, including at the top as much as 120 feet of outwash deposits (valley train) of the glacial Mississippi River. The underlying Cambrian bedrock consists of marine sedimentary formations including artesian sandstone aquifers. A hypothetically spilled liquid at the reactor site could follow one or both of two courses, thus: (1) It could flow over the land surface and through an artificial drainage system to the river in a matter of minutes; (2) part or nearly all of it could seep downward to the water table and then move laterally to the river. The time required might range from a few weeks to a year, or perhaps more. The St. Paul and Minneapolis water-supply intakes, 21 and 25 miles downstream, respectively, are the most critical points to be considered in the event of an accidental spill. Based on streamflow and velocity data for the Mississippi River near Anoka, the time required for the maximum concentration of a contaminant to travel from the reactor site to the St. Paul intake was computed to be about 8 hours, at the median annual maximum daily discharge. For this discharge, the maximum concentration at the intake would be about 0.0026 microcurie per cubic foot for the release of 1 curie of activity into the river near the reactor site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b1133C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Norvitch, R.F., Schneider, R., and Godfrey, R.G., 1963, Geology and hydrology of the Elk River, Minnesota, nuclear-reactor site: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1133, Document: iv, 25 p.; 2 Plates: 18 x 16 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1133C.","productDescription":"Document: iv, 25 p.; 2 Plates: 18 x 16 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":63222,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1133c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63223,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1133c/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63224,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1133c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109385,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20849.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"20849"},{"id":165594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1133c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Elk River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.61209869384766,\n 45.261596972270866\n ],\n [\n -93.61209869384766,\n 45.3297027614069\n ],\n [\n -93.51133346557617,\n 45.3297027614069\n ],\n [\n -93.51133346557617,\n 45.261596972270866\n ],\n [\n -93.61209869384766,\n 45.261596972270866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b468c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norvitch, Ralph F.","contributorId":65456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norvitch","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godfrey, Richard G.","contributorId":100046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godfrey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38916,"text":"pp450E - 1963 - Short papers in geology, hydrology, and topography: Articles 180-239","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T19:44:45.191787","indexId":"pp450E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"450","chapter":"E","title":"Short papers in geology, hydrology, and topography: Articles 180-239","docAbstract":"This collection of 60 short papers on subjects in the fields of geology, hydrology, topography, and related sciences is the last of a series released as chapters of Professional Paper 450. The papers in this chapter report on the scientific and economic results of current work by members of the Conservation, Geologic, Topographic, and Water Resources Divisions of the United States Geological Survey. Some of the papers announce new discoveries or present observations on problems of limited scope; other papers draw conclusions from more extensive or continuing investigations that in large part will be discussed in greater detail in reports to be published in the future.
Chapter A of this series presents a synopsis of results from a wide range of work done during the 1962 fiscal year.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Survey research 1962 (Professional Paper 450)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp450E","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1963, Short papers in geology, hydrology, and topography: Articles 180-239: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 450, vi, 189 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp450E.","productDescription":"vi, 189 p.","numberOfPages":"196","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421282,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_28349.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":65959,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0450e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126606,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0450e/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687e7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":45706,"text":"pp475B - 1963 - Short papers in geology and hydrology, articles 1-59","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T21:46:18.295436","indexId":"pp475B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"475","chapter":"B","title":"Short papers in geology and hydrology, articles 1-59","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Survey research, 1963 (Professional Paper 475)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp475B","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1963, Short papers in geology and hydrology, articles 1-59: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 475, vi, 219 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp475B.","productDescription":"vi, 219 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":82273,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0475b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120258,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0475b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":421313,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27953.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687faa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":45707,"text":"pp372E - 1963 - Effects of drought in basins of interior drainage: Chapter E in Drought in the Southwest, 1942-56","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T16:04:13","indexId":"pp372E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"372","chapter":"E","title":"Effects of drought in basins of interior drainage: Chapter E in Drought in the Southwest, 1942-56","docAbstract":"The effects of the recent drought 1942-56 have varied widely in the Southwestern basins of interior drainage which include, in addition to the Great Basin of Nevada, Utah, and California many smaller basins in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. These closed basins are characteristically separate hydrologic units, and their water resources may logically be developed and regulated independently, which is not true of the subdivisions of the Rio Grande and Colorado River basin. Several topographically closed basins are independent hydrologic units with respect to surface water but are interconnected by ground-water circulation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Drought in the Southwest, 1942-56 (Professional Paper 372)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp372E","usgsCitation":"Thomas, H.E., 1963, Effects of drought in basins of interior drainage: Chapter E in Drought in the Southwest, 1942-56: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 372, iv, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp372E.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"55","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":336029,"rank":9,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp372H","text":"Chapter H: General summary of effects of the drought in the Southwest"},{"id":336028,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp372F","text":"Chapter F: Effects of drought in the Colorado River basin"},{"id":336027,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp372G","text":"Chapter G: Effects of drought along Pacific Coast in California"},{"id":336026,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp372D","text":"Chapter D: Effects of drought in the Rio Grande basin"},{"id":336025,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp372C","text":"Chapter C: Effects of drought in central and south Texas"},{"id":336023,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp372A","text":"Chapter A: The meteorologic phenomenon of drought in the Southwest"},{"id":122093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0372e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":82274,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0372e/report.pdf","size":"8.01 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