{"pageNumber":"640","pageRowStart":"15975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46883,"records":[{"id":70038182,"text":"sir20125014 - 2012 - Evaluation of the effects of Middleton's stormwater-management activities on streamflow and water-quality characteristics of Pheasant Branch, Dane County, Wisconsin 1975-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-21T13:12:16","indexId":"sir20125014","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5014","title":"Evaluation of the effects of Middleton's stormwater-management activities on streamflow and water-quality characteristics of Pheasant Branch, Dane County, Wisconsin 1975-2008","docAbstract":"Few long-term data sets are available for evaluating the effects of urban stormwater-management practices. Over 30 years of data are available for evaluating the effectiveness of such practices by the city of Middleton, Wis. Analysis of streamflow and water-quality data collected on Pheasant Branch, demonstrates the relation between the changes in the watershed to the structural and nonstructural best management practices put in place during 1975-2008. A comparison of the data from Pheasant Branch with streamflow and water-quality data (suspended sediment and total phosphorus) collected at other nearby streams was made to assist in the determination of the possible causes of the changes in Pheasant Branch. \nBased on 34 years of streamflow data collected at the Pheasant Branch at Middleton streamflow-gaging station, flood peak discharges increased 37 percent for the 2-year flood and 83 percent for the 100-year flood. A comparison of data for the same period from an adjacent rural stream, Black Earth at Black Earth had a 43 percent increase in the 2-year flood peak discharge and a 140-percent increase in the 100-year flood peak discharge. Because the flood peak discharges on Pheasant Branch have not increased as much as Black Earth Creek it appears that the stormwater management practices have been successful in mitigating the effects of urbanization. Generally urbanization results in increased flood peak discharges. The overall increase in flood peak discharges seen in both streams probably is the result of the substantial increase in precipitation during the study period. Average annual runoff in Pheasant Branch has also been increasing due to increasing average annual precipitation and urbanization. \nThe stormwater-management practices in Middleton have been successful in decreasing the suspended-sediment and total phosphorus loads to Lake Mendota from the Pheasant Branch watershed. These loads decreased in spite of increased annual runoff and flood peaks, which are often expected to produce higher sediment and phosphorus loads. The biggest decreases in sediment and phosphorus loads occurred after 2001 when a large detention pond, the Confluence Pond, began operation. Since 2001, the annual suspended-sediment load has decreased from 2,650 tons per year to 1,450 tons per year for a 45-percent decrease. The annual total phosphorus load has decreased from 12,200 pounds per year to 6,300 pounds per year for a 48-percent decrease. A comparison of Pheasant Branch at Middleton with two other streams, Spring Harbor Storm Sewer and Yahara River at Windsor, that drain into Lake Mendota shows that suspended-sediment and total phosphorus load decreases were greatest at Pheasant Branch at Middleton. Prior to the construction of the Confluence Pond, annual suspended-sediment yield and total phosphorus yield from Pheasant Branch watershed was the largest of the three watersheds. After 2001, suspended-sediment yield was greatest at Spring Harbor Storm Sewer, and lowest at Yahara at Windsor; annual total phosphorus yield was greater at Yahara River at Windsor than that of Pheasant Branch. The stormwater-quality plan for Middleton shows that the city has met the present State of Wisconsin Administrative Code chap. NR216/NR151 requirements of reducing total suspended solids by 20 percent for the developed area in Middleton. In addition, the city already has met the 40-percent reduction in total suspended solids required by 2013. \nSnow and ice melt runoff from road surfaces and parking lots following winter storms can effect water quality because the runoff contains varying amounts of road salt. To evaluate the effect of road deicing on stream water quality in Pheasant Branch, specific conductance and chloride were monitored during two winter seasons. The maximum estimated concentration of chloride during the monitoring period was 931 milligrams per liter, which exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency acute criterion of 860 milligrams per liter. Chloride concentrations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency chronic criterion of 230 milligrams per liter for at least 10 days during February and March 2007 and for 45 days during the 2007-8 winter seasons. The total sodium chloride load for the monitoring period was 1,720 tons and the largest sodium chloride load occurred in March and April of each year.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Middleton, Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Gebert, W.A., Rose, W., and Garn, H.S., 2012, Evaluation of the effects of Middleton's stormwater-management activities on streamflow and water-quality characteristics of Pheasant Branch, Dane County, Wisconsin 1975-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5014, v, 27 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125014.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254591,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5014.jpg"},{"id":254590,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5014/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":332412,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5014/pdf/sir2012-5014_041712.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane","city":"Middleton","otherGeospatial":"Pheasant Branch watershed, Confluence Pond","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ce0e4b0c8380cd52d22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gebert, Warren A. wagebert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebert","given":"Warren","email":"wagebert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":514114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, William J. wjrose@usgs.gov","contributorId":2182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William J.","email":"wjrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":514115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garn, Herbert S. hsgarn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garn","given":"Herbert","email":"hsgarn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":514116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70155281,"text":"70155281 - 2012 - Agricultural drought monitoring in Kenya using evapotranspiration derived from remote sensing and reanalysis data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-08T16:41:22.102513","indexId":"70155281","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-24T11:33:58","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Agricultural drought monitoring in Kenya using evapotranspiration derived from remote sensing and reanalysis data","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing of drought","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","doi":"10.1201/b11863","usgsCitation":"Marshall, M., Funk, C.C., and Michaelsen, J., 2012, Agricultural drought monitoring in Kenya using evapotranspiration derived from remote sensing and reanalysis data, chap. 8 <i>of</i> Remote sensing of drought, p. 169-194, https://doi.org/10.1201/b11863.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"194","ipdsId":"IP-024903","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Kenya","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[40.993,-0.85829],[41.58513,-1.68325],[40.88477,-2.08255],[40.63785,-2.49979],[40.26304,-2.57309],[40.12119,-3.27768],[39.80006,-3.68116],[39.60489,-4.34653],[39.20222,-4.67677],[37.7669,-3.67712],[37.69869,-3.09699],[34.07262,-1.05982],[33.90371,-0.95],[33.89357,0.10981],[34.18,0.515],[34.6721,1.17694],[35.03599,1.90584],[34.59607,3.05374],[34.47913,3.5556],[34.005,4.24988],[34.6202,4.84712],[35.29801,5.506],[35.81745,5.33823],[35.81745,4.77697],[36.15908,4.44786],[36.85509,4.44786],[38.12091,3.59861],[38.43697,3.58851],[38.67114,3.61607],[38.89251,3.50074],[39.55938,3.42206],[39.85494,3.83879],[40.76848,4.25702],[41.1718,3.91909],[41.85508,3.91891],[40.98105,2.78452],[40.993,-0.85829]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kenya\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Michael","contributorId":145855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":16265,"text":"Dept. of Geography, UC Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michaelsen, Joel","contributorId":149202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michaelsen","given":"Joel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038177,"text":"fs20123058 - 2012 - Studying ocean acidification in the Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:36","indexId":"fs20123058","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3058","title":"Studying ocean acidification in the Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) partnership with the U.S. Coast Guard Ice Breaker Healey and its United Nations Convention Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) cruises has produced new synoptic data from samples collected in the Arctic Ocean and insights into the patterns and extent of ocean acidification. This framework of foundational geochemical information will help inform our understanding of potential risks to Arctic resources due to ocean acidification.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123058","usgsCitation":"Robbins, L., 2012, Studying ocean acidification in the Arctic Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3058, 2 p.; HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123058.","productDescription":"2 p.; HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3058.bmp"},{"id":254585,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3058/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic Ocean","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9ce6e4b08c986b31d50f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Lisa","contributorId":87643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038167,"text":"ofr20121047 - 2012 - Characterization of nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria at a concentrated swine feeding operation in Wake County, North Carolina, 2009-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T15:09:13","indexId":"ofr20121047","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-23T12:55:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1047","title":"Characterization of nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria at a concentrated swine feeding operation in Wake County, North Carolina, 2009-2011","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrologic and water-quality data were collected during October 2009&ndash;January 2011 to characterize nutrient and bacteria concentrations in stormwater runoff from agricultural fields that receive wastewater originating at a swine facility at North Carolina State University's Lake Wheeler Road Field Laboratory (LWRFL) in Wake County, North Carolina. The swine facility consists of six swine houses, two wastewater storage lagoons, and wastewater spray fields. The data-collection network consisted of 11 sampling sites, including 4 wastewater sites, 3 in-field runoff sites, and 4 stream sites. Continuous precipitation data were recorded with a raingage to document rainfall conditions during the study.</p>\n<p>Study sites were sampled for laboratory analysis of nutrients, total suspended solids (TSS), and (or) fecal indicator bacteria (FIB). Nutrient analyses included measurement of dissolved ammonia, total and dissolved ammonia + organic nitrogen, dissolved nitrate + nitrite, dissolved orthophosphate, and total phosphorus. The FIB analyses included measurement of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and enterococci. Samples of wastewater at the swine facility were collected from a pipe outfall from the swine housing units, two storage lagoons, and the spray fields for analysis of nutrients, TSS, and FIB. Soil samples collected from a spray field were analyzed for FIB. Monitoring locations were established for collecting discharge and water-quality data during storm events at three in-field runoff sites and two sites on the headwater stream (one upstream and one downstream) next to the swine facility. Stormflow samples at the five monitoring locations were collected for four storm events during 2009 to 2010 and analyzed for nutrients, TSS, and FIB. Monthly water samples also were collected during base-flow conditions at all four stream sites for laboratory analysis of nutrients, TSS, and (or) FIB.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Harden, S.L., Rogers, S.W., Jahne, M.A., Shaffer, C.E., and Smith, D.G., 2012, Characterization of nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria at a concentrated swine feeding operation in Wake County, North Carolina, 2009-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1047, vii, 12 p.; Tables; Appendices 1 and 2 Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121047.","productDescription":"vii, 12 p.; Tables; Appendices 1 and 2 Download","temporalStart":"2009-10-01","temporalEnd":"2011-01-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1047.jpg"},{"id":254578,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1047/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Wake County","otherGeospatial":"Lake Wheeler Road Field Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.68333333333334,35.7175 ], [ -78.68333333333334,35.733333333333334 ], [ -78.66666666666667,35.733333333333334 ], [ -78.66666666666667,35.7175 ], [ -78.68333333333334,35.7175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4d3e4b0c8380cd4bf48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harden, Stephen L. 0000-0001-6886-0099 slharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-0099","contributorId":2212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Stephen","email":"slharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Shane W.","contributorId":21017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jahne, Michael A.","contributorId":90968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahne","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaffer, Carrie E.","contributorId":104321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Carrie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Douglas G. dgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"dgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70038166,"text":"ofr20121013 - 2012 - Quality of surface-water supplies in the Triangle area of North Carolina, water year 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-30T16:42:42.571169","indexId":"ofr20121013","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-23T12:40:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1013","title":"Quality of surface-water supplies in the Triangle area of North Carolina, water year 2008","docAbstract":"<p>Surface-water supplies are important sources of drinking water for residents in the Triangle area of North Carolina, which is located within the upper Cape Fear and Neuse River Basins. Since 1988, the U.S. Geological Survey and a consortium of governments have tracked water-quality conditions and trends in several of the area's water-supply lakes and streams. This report summarizes data collected through this cooperative effort, known as the Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project, during October 2007 through September 2008. Major findings for this period include:</p>\n<p>&bull;Antecedent drought conditions during 2007 contributed to below-average flows at streams throughout the study area during 2008. Continuous records from 9 of the 10 project stream gages documented below-average streamflow during most of the year.</p>\n<p>&bull;More than 8,000 individual measurements of water quality were made at a total of 27 sites&mdash;15 in the Neuse River Basin and 12 in the Cape Fear River Basin.</p>\n<p>&bull;North Carolina water-quality standards were exceeded one or more times for nine constituents, including dissolved oxygen, dissolved oxygen percent saturation, pH, chlorophyll a, mercury, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. Exceedances occurred at 26 sites, 14 of which were in the Neuse River Basin, and 12 of which were in the Cape Fear River Basin.</p>\n<p>&bull;Stream samples collected during storm events contained elevated concentrations of iron, copper, and total phosphorus relative to non-storm samples.</p>\n<p>&bull;The first full year of sampling was completed for a new project site at Lake Butner in Granville County. Among all lakes sampled during 2008, Lake Butner had the lowest concentrations of total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and specific conductance and the highest water clarity.</p>\n<p>&bull;Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were within ranges observed during previous years; however, Falls Lake at U.S. Interstate 85 had elevated levels of nitrate plus nitrite and total phosphorus relative to other sites.</p>\n<p>&bull;Five lakes had chlorophyll a concentrations in excess of 40 micrograms per liter at least once during 2008, including Little River Reservoir, Falls Lake, Lake Benson, University Lake, and Jordan Lake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project Steering Committee","usgsCitation":"Giorgino, M., Rasmussen, R., and Pfeifle, C., 2012, Quality of surface-water supplies in the Triangle area of North Carolina, water year 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1013, iv, 12 p.; Table 2 Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121013.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; Table 2","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503707,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1013/data/OFR2012-1013_Table2.xlsx","text":"Table 2","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":503706,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1013/pdf/2012-1013.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254572,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":254577,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1013.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Cape Fear And Neuse River Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.41666666666667,35.666666666666664 ], [ -79.41666666666667,36.25 ], [ -78.25,36.25 ], [ -78.25,35.666666666666664 ], [ -79.41666666666667,35.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a913fe4b0c8380cd80186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giorgino, M. J.","contributorId":97149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giorgino","given":"M.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasmussen, R. B.","contributorId":90395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"R.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pfeifle, C.A.","contributorId":57304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeifle","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038165,"text":"ds651 - 2012 - Archive of post-Hurricane Charley coastal oblique aerial photographs collected during U.S. Geological Survey field activity 04CCH01 from Marco Island to Fort DeSoto, Florida, August 15, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"ds651","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-23T12:24:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"651","title":"Archive of post-Hurricane Charley coastal oblique aerial photographs collected during U.S. Geological Survey field activity 04CCH01 from Marco Island to Fort DeSoto, Florida, August 15, 2004","docAbstract":"<p>On August 15, 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted an oblique aerial photographic survey off the southwest coast of Florida, from Marco Island to Fort DeSoto, aboard a Navajo Chieftain airplane, tail number N2KK, at an altitude of 500 ft and approximately 1000 ft offshore. These photographs were used to document coastal changes such as beach erosion and overwash caused by Hurricane Charley. They will also be used as baseline data for future coastal change. The oblique photography also served as qualitative ground truthing for the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) coastal topography and bathymetry data collected on August 16, 2004 (Bonisteel and others, 2009). This report serves as an archive of photographs collected during the August 15, 2004, post-Hurricane Charley coastal oblique aerial survey along with associated flight path maps, KML files, navigation files, digital Field Activity Collection System (FACS) logs, and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata. Refer to the Acronyms page for expansions of all acronyms and abbreviations used in this report.</p>\n<p>The USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) assigns a unique identifier to each cruise or field activity. For example, 04CCH01 tells us the data were collected in 2004 for the Coastal Change Hazards (CCH) study and the data were collected during the first field activity for that project in that calendar year. Refer to http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/programs/html/definition/activity.html for a detailed description of the method used to assign the ID number.</p>\n<p>Two separate records of flight navigation were collected during the survey. The first was a continuous ASCII text file from the PLGR that recorded only latitudes, longitudes, and altitudes every 30 sec for the entire flight. No time values were recorded by the PLGR. The second navigation record was recorded by a Trimble Centurion GPS and converted to subtitles on the video, using a Compix Titler unit. The video was shot continuously during the survey. The video subtitles recorded day, month, year, latitude, longitude, and time in hours, minutes, and seconds. In order to produce a digital record of the navigation values that included latitude, longitude, and time, each was manually extracted from the video every 5 min, and these values were matched to the latitude and longitude in the PLGR file. Next, the time was interpolated between these 5-min fixes using Excel to produce time values for each navigation fix recorded in the PLGR file.</p>\n<p>The location of each photograph taken was determined in the following manner. A Nikon MF-14 data back marks the time each photograph was acquired on the lower right corner of the image in day, hour, and minute format (in UTC). These values were entered from the photographs into an Excel spreadsheet. It is assumed for the purposes of locating the images that the photographs were taken at a constant rate during any given minute of flight. To assign the time value in seconds to each photograph, the number of photographs taken during each minute was evenly distributed across that minute. For example, if 15 photographs were taken during minute 19:00:00, we assume that a picture was taken every 4 sec. The photographs were assigned the time values 19:00:00, 19:00:04, 19:00:08, and so on. The video time navigation file was then merged with the new interpolated photograph file based on time to produce the point of which each photograph was collected. As a result, the positions assigned to each photograph are an estimate of the aircraft position, not the location of the landmark photographed.</p>\n<p>The photographs provided here are JPEG scanned images of the analog slides. The metadata values for photo creation time, GPS latitude, GPS longitude, GPS position, keywords, credit, artist, caption, copyright, and contact were added to each photograph's EXIF header using EXIFtools (see the Software page). Photographs can be opened directly with any JPEG-compatible image viewer by clicking on a thumbnail on the contact sheet, or, when viewing the Google Earth KML file, by clicking on the marker and then clicking on either the thumbnail or the link below the thumbnail. The KML files were created using the photographic navigation files and the CreateKML JavaScript (see the Software page).</p>\n<p>To view the survey maps and navigation files, and for more information about these items, see the Navigation page. Figure 1 displays the acquisition geometry. The tables provide detailed information about the assigned location, name, data, and time the photograph was taken along with links to the photo and corresponding 5-min contact sheet. Refer to table 1 and table 2 for details of the northern and southern county photographs, respectively.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds651","usgsCitation":"Subino, J.A., Morgan, K., Krohn, M.D., Miller, G.K., Dadisman, S.V., and Forde, A.S., 2012, Archive of post-Hurricane Charley coastal oblique aerial photographs collected during U.S. Geological Survey field activity 04CCH01 from Marco Island to Fort DeSoto, Florida, August 15, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 651, HTML online; 2 DVDs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds651.","productDescription":"HTML online; 2 DVDs","temporalStart":"2004-08-15","temporalEnd":"2004-08-15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":254576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_651.bmp"},{"id":254571,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/651/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Marco Island;Fort Desoto","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed49e4b0c8380cd49702","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Subino, Janice A.","contributorId":50386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Subino","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, Karen L.M. 0000-0002-2994-5572","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2994-5572","contributorId":95553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Karen L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krohn, M. Dennis dkrohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"M.","email":"dkrohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Dennis","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Gregory K. gmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Gregory","email":"gmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dadisman, Shawn V. sdadisman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dadisman","given":"Shawn","email":"sdadisman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Forde, Arnell S. 0000-0002-5581-2255 aforde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-2255","contributorId":376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forde","given":"Arnell","email":"aforde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70038163,"text":"ds681 - 2012 - Hydrologic and water-quality data at Government Canyon State Natural Area, Bexar County, Texas, 2002-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T09:06:53","indexId":"ds681","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-23T11:53:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"681","title":"Hydrologic and water-quality data at Government Canyon State Natural Area, Bexar County, Texas, 2002-10","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Edwards Aquifer Authority, and the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, collected rainfall, streamflow, evapotranspiration, and stormflow water-quality data at the Laurel Canyon Creek watershed, within the Government Canyon State Natural Area, Bexar County, Tex. The purpose of the data collection was to support evaluations of the effects of brush management conservation practices on components of the hydrologic budget and water quality. One component of brush management was to take endangered wildlife into consideration, specifically the golden-cheeked warbler (<i>Dendroica chrysoparia</i>). Much of the area that may have been considered for brush management was left intact to protect habitat for the golden-cheeked warbler. The area identified for brush management was approximately 10 percent of the study watershed. The hydrologic data presented here (2002&ndash;10) represent pre- and post-treatment periods, with brush management treatment occurring from winter 2006&ndash;07 to spring 2008.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds681","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Edwards Aquifer Authority, and the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department","usgsCitation":"Banta, J., and Slattery, R.N., 2012, Hydrologic and water-quality data at Government Canyon State Natural Area, Bexar County, Texas, 2002-10: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 681, v, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds681.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_681.gif"},{"id":254569,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/681/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bexar","otherGeospatial":"Government Canyon State Natural Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99,29.083333333333332 ], [ -99,30.166666666666668 ], [ -98,30.166666666666668 ], [ -98,29.083333333333332 ], [ -99,29.083333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3561e4b0c8380cd5fe87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, J. Ryan 0000-0002-2226-7270","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2226-7270","contributorId":78863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"J. Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slattery, Richard N. 0000-0002-9141-9776 rnslatte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-9776","contributorId":2471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slattery","given":"Richard","email":"rnslatte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038162,"text":"ofr20121054 - 2012 - Florida Bay salinity and Everglades wetlands hydrology circa 1900 CE: A compilation of paleoecology-based statistical modeling analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T09:09:54","indexId":"ofr20121054","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-23T11:29:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1054","title":"Florida Bay salinity and Everglades wetlands hydrology circa 1900 CE: A compilation of paleoecology-based statistical modeling analyses","docAbstract":"<p>Throughout the 20th century, the Greater Everglades Ecosystem of south Florida was greatly altered by human activities. Construction of water-control structures and facilities altered the natural hydrologic patterns of the south Florida region and consequently impacted the coastal ecosystem. Restoration of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem is guided by the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), which is attempting to reverse some of the impacts of water management. In order to achieve this goal, it is essential to understand the predevelopment conditions (circa 1900 Common Era, CE) of the natural system, including the estuaries. The purpose of this report is to use empirical data derived from analyses of estuarine sediment cores and observations of modern hydrologic and salinity conditions to provide information on the natural system circa 1900 CE. A three-phase approach, developed in 2009, couples paleosalinity estimates derived from sediment cores to upstream hydrology using statistical models prepared from existing monitoring data. Results presented here update and improve previous analyses. A statistical method of estimating the paleosalinity from the core information improves the previous assemblage analyses, and the system of linear regression models was significantly upgraded and expanded.</p>\n<p>The upgraded method of coupled paleosalinity and hydrologic models was applied to the analysis of the circa-1900 CE segments of five estuarine sediment cores collected in Florida Bay. Comparisons of the observed mean stage (water level) data to the paleoecology-based model's averaged output show that the estimated stage in the Everglades wetlands was 0.3 to 1.6 feet higher at different locations. Observed mean flow data compared to the paleoecology-based model output show an estimated flow into Shark River Slough at Tamiami Trail of 401 to 2,539 cubic feet per second (cfs) higher than existing flows, and at Taylor Slough Bridge an estimated flow of 48 to 218 cfs above existing flows. For salinity in Florida Bay, the difference between paleoecology-based and observed mean salinity varies across the bay, from an aggregated average salinity of 14.7 less than existing in the northeastern basin to 1.0 less than existing in the western basin near the transition into the Gulf of Mexico. When the salinity differences are compared by region, the difference between paleoecology-based conditions and existing conditions are spatially consistent.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121054","usgsCitation":"Marshall, F., and Wingard, G., 2012, Florida Bay salinity and Everglades wetlands hydrology circa 1900 CE: A compilation of paleoecology-based statistical modeling analyses (Version 1.1; Originally posted April 10, 2012;  Revised August 15, 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1054, 32 p.; Tables; Appendix Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121054.","productDescription":"32 p.; Tables; Appendix Download","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292251,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121054.jpg"},{"id":254568,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1054/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Forida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","edition":"Version 1.1; Originally posted April 10, 2012;  Revised August 15, 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1227e4b0c8380cd541d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, F.E.","contributorId":103380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wingard, G.L.","contributorId":79981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038158,"text":"sir20115099 - 2012 - Projected climate and vegetation changes and potential biotic effects for Fort Benning, Georgia; Fort Hood, Texas; and Fort Irwin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:34","indexId":"sir20115099","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-23T11:12:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5099","title":"Projected climate and vegetation changes and potential biotic effects for Fort Benning, Georgia; Fort Hood, Texas; and Fort Irwin, California","docAbstract":"The responses of species and ecosystems to future climate changes will present challenges for conservation and natural resource managers attempting to maintain both species populations and essential habitat. This report describes projected future changes in climate and vegetation for three study areas surrounding the military installations of Fort Benning, Georgia, Fort Hood, Texas, and Fort Irwin, California. Projected climate changes are described for the time period 2070&ndash;2099 (30-year mean) as compared to 1961&ndash;1990 (30-year mean) for each study area using data simulated by the coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models CCSM3, CGCM3.1(T47), and UKMO-HadCM3, run under the B1, A1B, and A2 future greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. These climate data are used to simulate potential changes in important components of the vegetation for each study area using LPJ, a dynamic global vegetation model, and LPJ-GUESS, a dynamic vegetation model optimized for regional studies. The simulated vegetation results are compared with observed vegetation data for the study areas. Potential effects of the simulated future climate and vegetation changes for species and habitats of management concern are discussed in each study area, with a particular focus on federally listed threatened and endangered species.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115099","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP)","usgsCitation":"Shafer, S., Atkins, J., Bancroft, B., Bartlein, P., Lawler, J., Smith, B., and Wilsey, C., 2012, Projected climate and vegetation changes and potential biotic effects for Fort Benning, Georgia; Fort Hood, Texas; and Fort Irwin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5099, viii, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115099.","productDescription":"viii, 46 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5099.png"},{"id":254567,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5099/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia;Texas;California","otherGeospatial":"Fort Benning;Fort Hood;Fort Irwin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ef0e4b0c8380cd7f4a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shafer, S.L.","contributorId":26789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atkins, J.","contributorId":16686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkins","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bancroft, B.A.","contributorId":107965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bancroft","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartlein, P. J.","contributorId":54566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlein","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lawler, J.J.","contributorId":8641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawler","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, B.","contributorId":53740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilsey, C.B.","contributorId":16251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilsey","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70038189,"text":"sir20125037 - 2012 - <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacteria density in relation to turbidity, streamflow characteristics, and season in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia, October 2000 through September 2008&mdash;Description, statistical analysis, and predictive modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T17:43:21","indexId":"sir20125037","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-20T17:16:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5037","title":"<i>Escherichia coli</i> bacteria density in relation to turbidity, streamflow characteristics, and season in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia, October 2000 through September 2008&mdash;Description, statistical analysis, and predictive modeling","docAbstract":"<p>Water-based recreation&mdash;such as rafting, canoeing, and fishing&mdash;is popular among visitors to the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CRNRA) in north Georgia. The CRNRA is a 48-mile reach of the Chattahoochee River upstream from Atlanta, Georgia, managed by the National Park Service (NPS). Historically, high densities of fecal-indicator bacteria have been documented in the Chattahoochee River and its tributaries at levels that commonly exceeded Georgia water-quality standards. In October 2000, the NPS partnered with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), State and local agencies, and non-governmental organizations to monitor Escherichia coli bacteria (<i>E. coli</i>) density and develop a system to alert river users when <i>E. coli</i> densities exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) single-sample beach criterion of 235 colonies (most probable number) per 100 milliliters (MPN/100 mL) of water. This program, called BacteriALERT, monitors <i>E. coli</i> density, turbidity, and water temperature at two sites on the Chattahoochee River upstream from Atlanta, Georgia. This report summarizes <i>E. coli</i> bacteria density and turbidity values in water samples collected between 2000 and 2008 as part of the BacteriALERT program; describes the relations between <i>E. coli</i> density and turbidity, streamflow characteristics, and season; and describes the regression analyses used to develop predictive models that estimate <i>E. coli</i> density in real time at both sampling sites.</p>\n<p>Between October 23, 2000, and September 30, 2008, about 1,400 water samples were collected and turbidity was measured at each of the two USGS streamgaging stations in the CRNRA near the cities of Norcross and Atlanta, Georgia. At both sites, water samples were collected at frequencies ranging from daily to twice per week and analyzed in the laboratory for <i>E. coli</i> bacteria, using the Colilert-18&reg; and Quanti-tray-2000&reg; defined substrate method, and turbidity. Beginning in mid-2002, turbidity and water temperature were measured in real time at both sites. Streamflow at both sites is affected by the operation of two hydroelectric facilities upstream that release water in response to daily peak power demands in the area. During dry weather, offpeak water released from both dams ranges from about 600 to 1,500 cubic feet per second.</p>\n<p>During dry weather, 98 and 93 percent of water samples from Norcross and Atlanta sites, respectively, contained <i>E. coli</i> densities below the USEPA single-sample beach criterion (235 MPN/100 mL). Conversely during stormflow, only 26 percent of the samples from Norcross and 10 percent of the samples from Atlanta contained <i>E. coli</i> densities below the USEPA beach criterion. At both sites, median <i>E. coli</i> density and turbidity were statistically greater in stormflow samples than dry-weather samples. Furthermore, median <i>E. coli</i> density and turbidity were statistically lower at Norcross than at Atlanta during dry weather. During stormflow, median turbidity values were statistically similar at the two sites (36 and 35 formazin nephelometric units at Norcross and Atlanta, respectively); whereas the median <i>E. coli</i> density was statistically higher at Atlanta (810 MPN/100 mL) than at Norcross (530 MPN/100 mL). During dry weather, the maximum <i>E. coli</i> density was 1,200 MPN/100 mL at Norcross and 9,800 MPN/100 mL at Atlanta. During stormflow, the maximum <i>E. coli</i> density was 18,000 MPN/100 mL at Norcross and 28,000 MPN/100 mL at Atlanta.</p>\n<p>Regression analyses show that <i>E. coli</i> density in samples was strongly related to turbidity, streamflow characteristics, and season at both sites. The regression equation chosen for the Norcross data showed that 78 percent of the variability in <i>E. coli</i> density (in log base 10 units) was explained by the variability in turbidity values (in log base 10 units), streamflow event (dry-weather flow or stormflow), season (cool or warm), and an interaction term that is the cross product of streamflow event and turbidity. The regression equation chosen for the Atlanta data showed that 76 percent of the variability in <i>E. coli</i> density (in log base 10 units) was explained by the variability in turbidity values (in log base 10 units), water temperature, streamflow event, and an interaction term that is the cross product of streamflow event and turbidity. Residual analysis and model confirmation using new data indicated the regression equations selected at both sites predicted <i>E. coli</i> density within the 90 percent prediction intervals of the equations and could be used to predict <i>E. coli</i> density in real time at both sites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, Upper Chattahoochee Riverkeeper, and Cobb County, Georgia","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, S.J., 2012, <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacteria density in relation to turbidity, streamflow characteristics, and season in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia, October 2000 through September 2008&mdash;Description, statistical analysis, and predictive modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5037, xiv, 58 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125037.","productDescription":"xiv, 58 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-10-23","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5037.jpg"},{"id":254595,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5037/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Cobb County","city":"Atlanta","otherGeospatial":"Chattahoochee River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.80062103271484,\n              34.00457359375746\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.42433929443357,\n              34.63292542249386\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.53008270263669,\n              34.67302921203181\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.67565155029295,\n              34.67415861524134\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.74706268310545,\n              34.6244503086108\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.77246856689452,\n              34.58093109811126\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.41585540771483,\n              34.46778770509373\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.65755462646483,\n              34.05920153948415\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.10799407958982,\n              33.22691345261128\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.36067962646483,\n              32.913891446880406\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.37166595458982,\n              32.433005140150016\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.63533782958982,\n              31.491627039818532\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.92098236083983,\n              30.446009887036432\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.80013275146482,\n              29.952257363232995\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.32772064208983,\n              29.742618848931166\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.27278900146482,\n              29.522981756190593\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.05306243896482,\n              29.465606448299365\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.814453125,\n              29.668962525992505\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.61669921875,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.44091796875,\n              29.76437737516313\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.44091796875,\n              30.012030680358613\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.35302734375,\n              30.600093873550072\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2486572265625,\n              31.064698120353743\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.84490966796875,\n              31.508312698943445\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7432861328125,\n              32.01972036197235\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.84181976318358,\n              32.42141355642937\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.49275970458984,\n              32.950775326763974\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.51473236083982,\n              33.52966151776439\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.80062103271484,\n              34.00457359375746\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4937e4b0b290850eefd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, Stephen J. slawrenc@usgs.gov","contributorId":1885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Stephen","email":"slawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038142,"text":"sim3204 - 2012 - Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Florida and parts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-13T09:28:18","indexId":"sim3204","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3204","title":"Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Florida and parts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system (FAS) covers an area of approximately 100,000 square miles in Florida and parts of Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, and Mississippi. Groundwater wells for water supply were first drilled in the late 1800s and by the year 2000, the FAS was the primary source of drinking water for about 10 million people. One of the methods for assessing groundwater availability is the development of regional or subregional groundwater flow models of the aquifer system that can be used to develop water budgets spatially and temporally, as well as evaluate the groundwater resource change over time. Understanding the distribution of transmissivity within the FAS is critical to the development of groundwater flow models. The map presented herein differs from previously published maps of the FAS in that it is based on interpolation of 1,487 values of transmissivity. The transmissivity values in the dataset range from 8 to 9,000,000 feet squared per day (ft<sup>2</sup>/d) with the majority of the values ranging from 10,000 to 100,000 ft<sup>2</sup>/d. The wide range in transmissivity (6 orders of magnitude) is typical of carbonate rock aquifers, which are characterized by a wide range in karstification. Commonly, the range in transmissivity is greatest in areas where groundwater flow creates conduits in facies that dissolve more readily or areas of high porosity units that have interconnected vugs, with diameters greater than 0.1 foot. These are also areas where transmissivity is largest. Additionally, first magnitude springsheds and springs are shown because in these springshed areas, the estimates of transmissivity from interpolation may underestimate the actual range in transmissivity. Also shown is an area within the Gulf Trough in Georgia where high yielding wells are unlikely to be developed in the Upper Floridan aquifer. The interpolated transmissivity ranges shown on this map reflect the geologic structure and karstified areas. Transmissivity is large in the areas where the system is unconfined, such as west-central Florida and southwest Georgia just northwest of the Gulf Trough. Transmissivity is small along the Gulf Trough and Southwest Georgia Embayment (referred to as Apalachicola Embayment in some reports). Transmissivity is also small in the thin, updip part of the system near its northern boundary. Another area of large transmissivity coincides with the Southeast Georgia Embayment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3204","collaboration":"A Product of the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., Bellino, J.C., and Dixon, J.F., 2012, Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Florida and parts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3204, 1 Map: 26 inches x 32 inches; Zip File: Spacial Datasets, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3204.","productDescription":"1 Map: 26 inches x 32 inches; Zip File: Spacial Datasets","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3204.jpg"},{"id":254561,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Albers Conical Equal Area","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Upper Floridan Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89,24 ], [ -89,33.25 ], [ -79.5,33.25 ], [ -79.5,24 ], [ -89,24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb72fe4b08c986b3270e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bellino, Jason C. 0000-0001-9046-9344 jbellino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9046-9344","contributorId":3724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellino","given":"Jason","email":"jbellino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, Joann F. 0000-0001-9200-6407 jdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9200-6407","contributorId":1756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Joann","email":"jdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038133,"text":"ofr20121067 - 2012 - Effects of Iron Gate Dam discharge and other factors on the survival and migration of juvenile coho salmon in the lower Klamath River, northern California, 2006-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-04T17:16:09","indexId":"ofr20121067","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1067","title":"Effects of Iron Gate Dam discharge and other factors on the survival and migration of juvenile coho salmon in the lower Klamath River, northern California, 2006-09","docAbstract":"Current management of the Klamath River includes prescribed minimum discharges intended partly to increase survival of juvenile coho salmon during their seaward migration in the spring. To determine if fish survival was related to river discharge, we estimated apparent survival and migration rates of yearling coho salmon in the Klamath River downstream of Iron Gate Dam. The primary goals were to determine if discharge at Iron Gate Dam affected coho salmon survival and if results from hatchery fish could be used as a surrogate for the limited supply of wild fish. Fish from hatchery and wild origins that had been surgically implanted with radio transmitters were released into the Klamath River slightly downstream of Iron Gate Dam at river kilometer 309. Tagged fish were used to estimate apparent survival between, and passage rates at, a series of detection sites as far downstream as river kilometer 33. Conclusions were based primarily on data from hatchery fish, because wild fish were only available in 2 of the 4 years of study. Based on an information-theoretic approach, apparent survival of hatchery and wild fish was similar, despite differences in passage rates and timing, and was lowest in the 54 kilometer (km) reach between release and the Scott River. Models representing the hypothesis that a short-term tagging- or handling-related mortality occurred following release were moderately supported by data from wild fish and weakly supported by data from hatchery fish. Estimates of apparent survival of hatchery fish through the 276 km study area ranged from 0.412 (standard error [SE] 0.048) to 0.648 (SE 0.070), depending on the year, and represented an average of 0.790 per 100 km traveled. Estimates of apparent survival of wild fish through the study area were 0.645 (SE 0.058) in 2006 and 0.630 (SE 0.059) in 2009 and were nearly identical to the results from hatchery fish released on the same dates. The data and models examined supported positive effects of water temperature, river discharge, and fish weight as factors affecting apparent survival in the Klamath River upstream of the confluence with the Shasta River, but few of the variables examined were supported as factors affecting survival farther downstream. The effect of water temperature on apparent survival upstream of the Shasta River was greater than Iron Gate Dam discharge, which was greater than fish weight. The estimated effect on apparent survival between release and the Shasta River with each 1degree Celsius increase in water temperature was 1.4 times the effect of a 100 cubic feet per second increase in Iron Gate Dam discharge and 2.5 times the effect of a 1 gram increase in fish weight, and the effects of discharge and weight diminished at higher water temperatures up to the 17.91 degrees Celsius maximum present in the data examined. The rate of passage at the detection site near the confluence with the Shasta River was primarily affected by date of release, and water temperature was the only factor supported at the site near the confluence with the Scott River. Passage rates at sites downstream of the Scott River were affected by several of the variables examined, but the estimated effects were small and often imprecise. Results from this study indicate that discharge at Iron Gate Dam has a positive effect on apparent survival of yearling coho salmon in the Klamath River upstream of the Shasta River, but the effects are smaller than those of water temperature and are mediated by it. The results also support the use of hatchery fish as surrogates for wild fish in studies of apparent survival, but the available evidence suggests that study fish should be released well upstream of the area of interest, due to short-term differences in survival and migration behavior of hatchery and wild fish after release.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121067","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J., Juhnke, S., Stutzer, G., and Wright, K., 2012, Effects of Iron Gate Dam discharge and other factors on the survival and migration of juvenile coho salmon in the lower Klamath River, northern California, 2006-09: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1067, viii, 60 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121067.","productDescription":"viii, 60 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"104","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-01-01","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1067.jpg"},{"id":254672,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1067/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0657e4b0c8380cd511ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John","contributorId":14559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Juhnke, Steven","contributorId":43465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juhnke","given":"Steven","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stutzer, Greg","contributorId":64753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stutzer","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13396,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arcata FWO, Arcata, CA  95521","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":463477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, Katrina","contributorId":42468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Katrina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038138,"text":"ofr20121064 - 2012 - Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Coquille River basin, southwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-25T10:15:16","indexId":"ofr20121064","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1064","title":"Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Coquille River basin, southwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>This report summarizes a preliminary study of bed-material transport, vertical and lateral channel changes, and existing datasets for the Coquille River basin, which encompasses 2,745 km<sup>2</sup> (square kilometers) of the southwestern Oregon coast. This study, conducted to inform permitting decisions regarding instream gravel mining, revealed that:</p><ul><li>The 115.4-km-long study area on the South Fork and mainstem Coquille River can be divided into four reaches on the basis of topography and hydrology. In the fluvial (nontidal, or dominated by riverine processes) reaches on the South Fork Coquille River, the channel consists of bedrock and alluvium in the Powers Reach and mostly alluvium in the Broadbent Reach. In both fluvial reaches, the channel alternates between confined and unconfined segments and contains gravel bars. In the tidally affected Myrtle Point and Bandon Reaches, the channel consists of alluvial deposits and contains sparse gravel and sand bars as well as expansive mud flats and tidal marshes near the Coquille River mouth.</li><li>The 15.4- and 14.6-km-long study areas on the Middle and North Forks of the Coquille River, respectively, were treated as distinct reaches. The channel beds consist of mixed bedrock and alluvium in the Bridge Reach on the Middle Fork Coquille River and alluvium in the Gravelford Reach on the North Fork Coquille River. Both of these reaches contain fewer bars than the Powers and Broadbent Reaches on the South Fork Coquille River and are predominately fluvial.</li><li>Channel condition, bed-material transport, and the distribution and area of bars have likely been influenced by logging and splash damming, dredging and wood removal for navigation, historical and ongoing instream gravel mining, gold mining, fires, and mass movements. These anthropogenic and natural disturbances likely have varying effects on channel condition and sediment flux throughout the study area and over time.</li><li>Available data include at least eight sets of aerial and orthophotographs that were taken of the study area from 1939 to 2011 that are available for assessing long-term changes in channel condition, bar area, and vegetation establishment patterns. Additionally, a high-resolution Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) survey conducted in 2008 for nearly the entire study area would be useful in future quantitative analyses of channel morphology and bed-material transport.</li><li>Previous studies found (1) substantial bank erosion in the Broadbent Reach, resulting in banks with near vertical profiles and heights exceeding 7.6 m, (2) erosion of over 40,000 square meters of riparian land from 1939 to 1992, (3) incision along the South Fork Coquille River, and (4) potential for lateral channel migration at several locations along the mainstem and South Fork Coquille River.</li><li>A review of deposited and mined bed-material estimates derived largely from repeat surveys at instream mining sites on the South Fork Coquille River indicates that bed material transported by the river tends to rebuild mined bar surfaces in most years. Reported annual deposition volumes for 1996–2009 indicate average transport of over 34,700 cubic meters per year (m<sup>3</sup>/yr) of bed material into the South Fork Coquille River study area.</li><li>The spatial variation in the number and area of gravel bars is controlled by factors such as valley confinement, channel slope, basin geology, and tidal extent. The Powers and Broadbent Reaches of the South Fork Coquille River have the greatest abundance of gravel bars, likely owing to a substantial area of the South Fork Coquille River basin draining the gravel-producing Klamath Mountains geologic province.</li><li>From 1939 to 2009, the fluvial reaches all had a net loss in bar area, ranging from 24 percent in the Powers Reach to 56 percent in the Bridge Reach. In the Powers and Broadbent Reaches, the declines in active bar area were associated primarily with vegetation establishment on bar surfaces and lateral bar erosion. The reductions in active bar area were attributed to vegetation establishment in the Bridge and Gravelford Reaches as well as some lateral bar erosion in the Bridge Reach.</li><li>In contrast, the tidal Myrtle Point and Bandon Reaches had a net increase in bar area (28 and 29 percent, respectively) from 1939 to 2009. In the Myrtle Point Reach, these increases in bar area were primarily attributed to lateral channel migration that led to the deposition of bed material at newly formed bars. In the Bandon Reach, bar area increased primarily in the lower 5.4 km of the reach owing possibly to factors such as tide differences between the photographs and sediment deposition.</li><li>Analyses of multiple channel cross sections along the South Fork Coquille River as well as historical stage-discharge data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at Powers, Oregon, indicate that the bed of the South Fork Coquille River has locally lowered, as much as 1.9 m from 1994 to 2008 for one site in the Broadbent Reach. Stage-discharge data indicate persistent incision at the Powers site since 1939 (with a net incision of about 0.3 m) that has been interrupted by episodic aggradation apparently corresponding with large floods.</li><li>For the Bridge and Gravelford Reaches on the Middle and North Forks of the Coquille River, channel cross sections indicate a mix of aggradation and incision as well as bank erosion and deposition from 1992 to 2010 and 2000 to 2009, respectively.</li><li>Cross sections in the tidal reaches indicate local incision of 0.4 m in at one site in the Myrtle Point Reach from 2004 to 2008 and 0.5 m at one site in in the Bandon Reach from 2000 to 2010.</li><li>On the South Fork Coquille River, the median diameter of surface particles varied from 78.0 mm (millimeters) at China Flat Bar slightly upstream of the study area to 48.8 mm at Seals Bar in the Broadbent Reach. The armoring ratio (or ratio of the median grain sizes of the surface and subsurface layers) for Seals Bar was 3.5, indicating that the river’s transport capacity likely exceeds sediment supply at this site.</li><li>Most fluvial reaches in the Coquille River study area are likely supply-limited, meaning that the river’s transport capacity exceeds the supply of bed-material, as indicated by the intermittent bedrock outcrops in the Powers and Bridge Reaches and the paucity of bars in the Bridge and Gravelford Reaches.</li><li>The Broadbent Reach of the South Fork Coquille River may be presently and probably was historically transport-limited, meaning that bed-material transport is primarily a function of local transport capacity. However, the locally coarse bed texture, high armoring ratio measured at Seals Bar, and recent channel incision indicate that sediment supply has likely diminished relative to transport capacity in recent decades.</li><li>Because of exceedingly low gradients, the tidal Myrtle Point and Bandon Reaches are transport limited. Bed material in these reaches is primarily sand and finer grain-size material, much of which is probably transported as suspended load from upstream reaches. The tidal reaches will be most susceptible to watershed conditions affecting the supply and transport of fine sediment.</li><li>Compared to the nearby Chetco and Rogue Rivers and Hunter Creek on the southwestern Oregon coast, the Coquille River likely has lower overall transport of gravel bed material. While the conclusion of lower bed-material transport in the Coquille River is tentative in the absence of actual transport measurements or transport capacity calculations, empirical evidence including the much lower area and frequency of bars for most of the Coquille River study area and the head of tide reaching to RKM (river kilometer) 63.2 on the South Fork Coquille River supports this conclusion.</li><li>More detailed investigations of bed-material transport rates and channel morphology would support assessments of lateral and vertical channel condition and longitudinal trends in bed material. Such assessments would be most practical for the Powers and Broadbent Reaches and relevant to several ongoing management and ecological issues pertaining to sand and gravel transport. The tidal Bandon and Myrtle Point Reaches may also be logical subjects for in-depth analyses of fine sediment deposition and transport (and associated channel and riparian conditions and processes) rather than coarse bed material.</li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Oregon Department of State Lands","usgsCitation":"Jones, K.L., O'Connor, J., Keith, M., Mangano, J.F., and Wallick, J., 2012, Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Coquille River basin, southwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1064, vii, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121064.","productDescription":"vii, 84 p.","numberOfPages":"91","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1064.jpg"},{"id":254556,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1064/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Coquille River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a82e5e4b0c8380cd7bcd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Krista L. 0000-0002-0301-4497 kljones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0301-4497","contributorId":4550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Krista","email":"kljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keith, Mackenzie K.","contributorId":16560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Mackenzie K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mangano, Joseph F. 0000-0003-4213-8406 jmangano@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-8406","contributorId":4722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangano","given":"Joseph","email":"jmangano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallick, J. Rose 0000-0002-9392-272X rosewall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-272X","contributorId":3583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallick","given":"J. Rose","email":"rosewall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70038146,"text":"sir20125047 - 2012 - Variations in statewide water quality of New Jersey streams, water years 1998-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:36","indexId":"sir20125047","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5047","title":"Variations in statewide water quality of New Jersey streams, water years 1998-2009","docAbstract":"Statistical analyses were conducted for six water-quality constituents measured at 371 surface-water-quality stations during water years 1998-2009 to determine changes in concentrations over time. This study examined year-round concentrations of total dissolved solids, dissolved nitrite plus nitrate, dissolved phosphorus, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen; concentrations of dissolved chloride were measured only from January to March. All the water-quality data analyzed were collected by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and the U.S. Geological Survey as part of the cooperative Ambient Surface-Water-Quality Monitoring Network. Stations were divided into groups according to the 1-year or 2-year period that the stations were part of the Ambient Surface-Water-Quality Monitoring Network. Data were obtained from the eight groups of Statewide Status stations for water years 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001-02, 2003-04, 2005-06, 2007-08, and 2009. The data from each group were compared to the data from each of the other groups and to baseline data obtained from Background stations unaffected by human activity that were sampled during the same time periods. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine whether median concentrations of a selected water-quality constituent measured in a particular 1-year or 2-year group were different from those measured in other 1-year or 2-year groups. If the median concentrations were found to differ among years or groups of years, then Tukey's multiple comparison test on ranks was used to identify those years with different or equal concentrations of water-quality constituents. A significance level of 0.05 was selected to indicate significant changes in median concentrations of water-quality constituents. More variations in the median concentrations of water-quality constituents were observed at Statewide Status stations (randomly chosen stations scattered throughout the State of New Jersey) than at Background stations (control stations that are located on reaches of streams relatively unaffected by human activity) during water years 1998-2009. Results of tests on concentrations of total dissolved solids, dissolved chloride, dissolved nitrite plus nitrate, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen indicate a significant difference in water quality at Statewide Status stations but not at Background stations during the study period. Excluding water year 2009, all significant changes that were observed in the median concentrations were ultimately increases, except for total phosphorus, which varied significantly but in an inconsistent pattern during water years 1998-2009. Streamflow data aided in the interpretation of the results for this study. Extreme values of water-quality constituents generally followed inverse patterns of streamflow. Low streamflow conditions helped explain elevated concentrations of several constituents during water years 2001-02. During extreme drought conditions in 2002, maximum concentrations occurred for four of the six water-quality constituents examined in this study at Statewide Status stations (maximum concentration of 4,190 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids) and three of six constituents at Background stations (maximum concentration of 179 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids). The changes in water quality observed in this study parallel many of the findings from previous studies of trends in New Jersey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Heckathorn, H.A., and Deetz, A., 2012, Variations in statewide water quality of New Jersey streams, water years 1998-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5047, vii, 36 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125047.","productDescription":"vii, 36 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1997-10-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5047.png"},{"id":254565,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5047/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.58333333333333,38.916666666666664 ], [ -75.58333333333333,41.35055555555556 ], [ -73.88416666666667,41.35055555555556 ], [ -73.88416666666667,38.916666666666664 ], [ -75.58333333333333,38.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc189e4b08c986b32a622","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heckathorn, Heather A. haheck@usgs.gov","contributorId":1728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heckathorn","given":"Heather","email":"haheck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deetz, Anna C.","contributorId":32764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deetz","given":"Anna C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038126,"text":"fs20123047 - 2012 - USGS Hydro-Climatic Data Network 2009 (HCDN-2009)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"fs20123047","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-18T10:17:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3047","title":"USGS Hydro-Climatic Data Network 2009 (HCDN-2009)","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Hydro-Climatic Data Network (HCDN) is a subset of all USGS streamgages for which the streamflow primarily reflects prevailing meteorological conditions for specified years. These stations were screened to exclude sites where human activities, such as artificial diversions, storage, and other activities in the drainage basin or the stream channel, affect the natural flow of the watercourse. In addition, sites were included in the network because their record length was sufficiently long for analysis of patterns in streamflow over time. The purpose of the network is to provide a streamflow dataset suitable for analyzing hydrologic variations and trends in a climatic context. When originally published, the network was composed of 1,659 stations (Slack and Landwehr, 1992) for which the years of primarily \"natural\" flow were identified. Since then data from the HCDN have been widely used and cited in climate-related hydrologic investigations of the United States. The network has also served as a model for establishing climate-sensitive streamgage networks in other countries around the world.</p>\n<p>After nearly two decades of use without undergoing a systematic revalidation, questions have arisen as to whether many of the original stations still maintain their climate-sensitive status or even remain operational, as some are known to have closed. Some watersheds had been altered to the point that stations no longer meet the minimal disturbance criteria set forth in the original HCDN report. In addition, some sites that did not qualify as HCDN sites in 1988 (the last year of data evaluation) because their records were too short now have sufficiently long streamflow records for climate-sensitivity studies. Accordingly, a review of the existing network was initiated in 2009 in order to drop old stations and add new ones as appropriate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123047","usgsCitation":"Lins, H.F., 2012, USGS Hydro-Climatic Data Network 2009 (HCDN-2009): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3047, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123047.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3047.gif"},{"id":254550,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3047/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb95e4b08c986b3286f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70193786,"text":"70193786 - 2012 - Site choice among Minnesota walleye anglers: The influence of resource conditions, regulations and catch orientation on Lake Preference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T14:10:41","indexId":"70193786","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site choice among Minnesota walleye anglers: The influence of resource conditions, regulations and catch orientation on Lake Preference","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding angler site choice preferences is important in the management of recreational fisheries to forecast angling demand and effort. This study investigated lake choice by recreational anglers fishing for walleye&nbsp;</span><i>Sander vitreus</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>in Minnesota and examined how choices were influenced by lake characteristics, angler demographics, and angler catch orientation. We collected data through a stated choice preference experiment using a survey administered to a sample of Minnesota resident (</span><i>n</i><span>=1096) and nonresident (</span><i>n</i><span>=535) anglers. Multinomial probit choice models were used to estimate preferences in lake choice. Lake characteristics included walleye abundance, walleye size, bag limit, slot limit, and distance from primary residence. Models included (1) lake characteristics only, (2) lake characteristics and angler demographics, and (3) lake characteristics with angler demographics and catch orientation factors. The coefficients of lake attributes had expected signs with greater preference for higher walleye abundance, larger walleye, bigger bag limits, absence of slot limits, and less driving time from home (</span><i>P</i><span>&lt;0.001 for all lake characteristics in the first model). Lake choice was influenced by the interaction of lake characteristics with age (negative with abundance of fish,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>P</i><span>&lt;0.100; positive with distance from home,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>P</i><span>&lt;0.001), metropolitan and out-of-state residency (positive with distance from home,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>P</i><span>&lt;0.001), and strength of preference for walleye (positive with distance,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>P</i><span>&lt;0.01). A stronger orientation to keep walleye was positively related to increased bag limits (</span><i>P</i><span>&lt;0.001) and negatively related to slot limits (</span><i>P</i><span>&lt;0.01). Study results have clear implications for managers—bag limits, relative to other lake characteristics, had a large influence on anglers’ lake choice for walleye fishing. Because of a stronger catch orientation among walleye anglers, low bag limits reduce lake preference. The results clarify the trade-offs that anglers make when selecting a place to fish for walleye and demonstrate how different management scenarios might influence angler participation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Informa UK ","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2012.675952","usgsCitation":"Carlin, C., Schroeder, S., and Fulton, D.C., 2012, Site choice among Minnesota walleye anglers: The influence of resource conditions, regulations and catch orientation on Lake Preference: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 32, no. 2, p. 299-312, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.675952.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"312","ipdsId":"IP-034031","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70038085,"text":"ofr20111300 - 2012 - Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, water year 2011: Quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-27T17:46:43","indexId":"ofr20111300","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1300","title":"Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, water year 2011: Quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","docAbstract":"<h1>Significant Findings</h1>\n<p>Air is entrained in water as it is flows through the spillways of dams, which causes an increase in the concentration of total dissolved gas in the water downstream from the dams. The elevated concentrations of total dissolved gas can adversely affect fish and other freshwater aquatic life. An analysis of total-dissolved-gas and water-temperature data collected at eight monitoring stations on the lower Columbia River in Oregon and Washington in 2011 indicated the following:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>During the spill season of April&ndash;August 2011, hourly values of total dissolved gas (TDG) were larger than 115-percent saturation for the forebay (John Day navigation lock, The Dalles forebay, and Bonneville forebay) and Camas stations. Hourly values of total dissolved gas were larger than 120-percent saturation for the tailwater stations (John Day Dam tailwater, The Dalles tailwater, Cascade Island, and Warrendale).</li>\n<li>During parts of August and September 2011, hourly water temperatures were greater than 20&deg;C (degrees Celsius) at the eight stations on the lower Columbia River. According to the State of Oregon water-temperature standard, the 7-day average maximum temperature of the lower Columbia River should not exceed 20&deg;C; Washington regulations state that the 1-day maximum should not exceed 20&deg;C as a result of human activities.</li>\n<li>Of the 79 laboratory TDG checks that were performed on instruments after field deployment, all were within &plusmn; 0.5-percent saturation and only 2 checks were out of calibration by more than 2 mm of Hg.</li>\n<li>All but 4 of the 66 field checks of TDG sensors with a secondary standard were within &plusmn; 1.0-percent saturation after 3&ndash;4 weeks of deployment in the river. All 67 of the field checks of barometric pressure were within &plusmn;1 millimeter of mercury of a primary standard, and all 66 water-temperature field checks were within &plusmn;0.2&deg;C of a secondary standard.</li>\n<li>For the eight monitoring stations in water year 2011, a total of 93.5 percent of the TDG data were received in real time and were within 1-percent saturation of the expected value on the basis of calibration data, replicate quality-control measurements in the river, and comparison to ambient river conditions at adjacent sites. Data received from the Cascade Island site were only 34.9% complete because the equipment was destroyed by high water. The other stations ranged from 99.6 to 100 percent complete.</li>\n</ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111300","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Tanner, D.Q., Bragg, H., and Johnston, M.W., 2012, Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, water year 2011: Quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1300, v, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111300.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-10-31","temporalEnd":"2011-10-01","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science 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hmbragg@usgs.gov","contributorId":428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"Heather M.","email":"hmbragg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, Matthew W. mattj@usgs.gov","contributorId":3066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Matthew","email":"mattj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038103,"text":"ofr20121055 - 2012 - Protocols for collection of streamflow, water-quality, streambed-sediment, periphyton, macroinvertebrate, fish, and habitat data to describe stream quality for the Hydrobiological Monitoring Program, Equus Beds Aquifer Storage and Recovery Program, city of Wichita, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"ofr20121055","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1055","title":"Protocols for collection of streamflow, water-quality, streambed-sediment, periphyton, macroinvertebrate, fish, and habitat data to describe stream quality for the Hydrobiological Monitoring Program, Equus Beds Aquifer Storage and Recovery Program, city of Wichita, Kansas","docAbstract":"The city of Wichita, Kansas uses the Equus Beds aquifer, one of two sources, for municipal water supply. To meet future water needs, plans for artificial recharge of the aquifer have been implemented in several phases. Phase I of the Equus Beds Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) Program began with injection of water from the Little Arkansas River into the aquifer for storage and subsequent recovery in 2006. Construction of a river intake structure and surface-water treatment plant began as implementation of Phase II of the Equus Beds ASR Program in 2010. An important aspect of the ASR Program is the monitoring of water quality and the effects of recharge activities on stream conditions. Physical, chemical, and biological data provide the basis for an integrated assessment of stream quality. This report describes protocols for collecting streamflow, water-quality, streambed-sediment, periphyton, macroinvertebrate, fish, and habitat data as part of the city of Wichita's hydrobiological monitoring program (HBMP). Following consistent and reliable methods for data collection and processing is imperative for the long-term success of the monitoring program.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Stone, M.L., Rasmussen, T.J., Bennett, T.J., Poulton, B.C., and Ziegler, A., 2012, Protocols for collection of streamflow, water-quality, streambed-sediment, periphyton, macroinvertebrate, fish, and habitat data to describe stream quality for the Hydrobiological Monitoring Program, Equus Beds Aquifer Storage and Recovery Program, city of Wichita, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1055, viii, 39 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121055.","productDescription":"viii, 39 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"63","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1055.gif"},{"id":254547,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1055/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Wichita","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f85e4b0c8380cd7f7f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Mandy L. 0000-0002-6711-1536 mstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6711-1536","contributorId":4409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Mandy","email":"mstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasmussen, Teresa J. 0000-0002-7023-3868 rasmuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-3868","contributorId":3336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Teresa","email":"rasmuss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, Trudy J. trudyben@usgs.gov","contributorId":4218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Trudy","email":"trudyben@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poulton, Barry C. 0000-0002-7219-4911 bpoulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-4911","contributorId":2421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulton","given":"Barry","email":"bpoulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70038069,"text":"sir20125019 - 2012 - Geologic framework, regional aquifer properties (1940s-2009), and spring, creek, and seep properties (2009-10) of the upper San Mateo Creek Basin near Mount Taylor, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:34","indexId":"sir20125019","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5019","title":"Geologic framework, regional aquifer properties (1940s-2009), and spring, creek, and seep properties (2009-10) of the upper San Mateo Creek Basin near Mount Taylor, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service, examined the geologic framework, regional aquifer properties, and spring, creek, and seep properties of the upper San Mateo Creek Basin near Mount Taylor, which contains areas proposed for exploratory drilling and possible uranium mining on U.S. Forest Service land. The geologic structure of the region was formed from uplift of the Zuni Mountains during the Laramide Orogeny and the Neogene volcanism associated with the Mount Taylor Volcanic Field. Within this structural context, numerous aquifers are present in various Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary formations and the Quaternary alluvium. The distribution of the aquifers is spatially variable because of the dip of the formations and erosion that produced the current landscape configuration where older formations have been exhumed closer to the Zuni Mountains. Many of the alluvial deposits and formations that contain groundwater likely are hydraulically connected because of the solid-matrix properties, such as substantive porosity, but shale layers such as those found in the Mancos Formation and Chinle Group likely restrict vertical flow. Existing water-level data indicate topologically downgradient flow in the Quaternary alluvium and indiscernible general flow patterns in the lower aquifers. According to previously published material and the geologic structure of the aquifers, the flow direction in the lower aquifers likely is in the opposite direction compared to the alluvium aquifer. Groundwater within the Chinle Group is known to be confined, which may allow upward migration of water into the Morrison Formation; however, confining layers within the Chinle Group likely retard upward leakage. Groundwater was sodium-bicarbonate/sulfate dominant or mixed cation-mixed anion with some calcium/bicarbonate water in the study area. The presence of the reduction/oxidation-sensitive elements iron and manganese in groundwater indicates reducing conditions at some time or in some location(s) in most aquifers. Frequent detections of zinc in the alluvium aquifer may represent anthropogenic influences such as mining. Along the mesas in the upper San Mateo Creek Basin, springs that form various creeks, including El Rito and San Mateo Creeks, discharge from the basalt-cap layer and the upper Cretaceous sedimentary layers. Streamflow in El Rito and San Mateo Creeks flows down steep gradients near the mesas sustained by groundwater discharges, and this streamflow transitions to shallow groundwater contained within the valley alluvium through infiltration where the subsequent groundwater is restricted from downward migration by the shaly Menefee Formation. This shallow groundwater reemerges at seeps where the land surface has been eroded below the groundwater level. Spring- and creek-water samples contained small amounts of dissolved solutes, and seep water contained substantially larger amounts of dissolved solutes. The pH of water within the creeks was neutral to alkaline, and all locations exhibited well-oxygenated conditions, although typically at substantially less than saturated levels. Changes in the stable-isotope ratios of water between spring and summer samples indicate differences in source-water inputs that likely pertain to seasonal recharge sources. Results of the water-isotope analysis and geochemical modeling indicate little evaporation and chemical weathering at the spring and creek sites but stronger evaporation and chemical weathering by the time the water reaches the seep locations in the center of the upper San Mateo Creek Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Langman, J.B., Sprague, J.E., and Durall, R.A., 2012, Geologic framework, regional aquifer properties (1940s-2009), and spring, creek, and seep properties (2009-10) of the upper San Mateo Creek Basin near Mount Taylor, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5019, viii, 39 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125019.","productDescription":"viii, 39 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"104","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1940-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5019.gif"},{"id":254523,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5019/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","city":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Mateo Creek Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1975e4b0c8380cd559c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langman, Jeff B.","contributorId":22036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langman","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sprague, Jesse E.","contributorId":80521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durall, Roger A.","contributorId":70225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durall","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038010,"text":"70038010 - 2012 - Evaluating release alternatives for a long-lived bird species under uncertainty about long-term demographic rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"70038010","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2409,"text":"Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating release alternatives for a long-lived bird species under uncertainty about long-term demographic rates","docAbstract":"The release of animals to reestablish an extirpated population is a decision problem that is often attended by considerable uncertainty about the probability of success. Annual releases of captive-reared juvenile Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) were begun in 1993 in central Florida, USA, to establish a breeding, non-migratory population. Over a 12-year period, 286 birds were released, but by 2004, the introduced flock had produced only four wild-fledged birds. Consequently, releases were halted over managers' concerns about the performance of the released flock and uncertainty about the efficacy of further releases. We used data on marked, released birds to develop predictive models for addressing whether releases should be resumed, and if so, under what schedule. To examine the outcome of different release scenarios, we simulated the survival and productivity of individual female birds under a baseline model that recognized age and breeding-class structure and which incorporated empirically estimated stochastic elements. As data on wild-fledged birds from captive-reared parents were sparse, a key uncertainty that confronts release decision-making is whether captive-reared birds and their offspring share the same vital rates. Therefore, we used data on the only population of wild Whooping Cranes in existence to construct two alternatives to the baseline model. The probability of population persistence was highly sensitive to the choice of these three models. Under the baseline model, extirpation of the population was nearly certain under any scenario of resumed releases. In contrast, the model based on estimates from wild birds projected a high probability of persistence under any release scenario, including cessation of releases. Therefore, belief in either of these models suggests that further releases are an ineffective use of resources. In the third model, which simulated a population Allee effect, population persistence was sensitive to the release decision: high persistence probability was achieved only through the release of more birds, whereas extirpation was highly probable with cessation of releases. Despite substantial investment of time and effort in the release program, evidence collected to date does not favor one model over another; therefore, any decision about further releases must be made under considerable biological uncertainty. However, given an assignment of credibility weight to each model, a best, informed decision about releases can be made under uncertainty. Furthermore, if managers can periodically revisit the release decision and collect monitoring data to further inform the models, then managers have a basis for confronting uncertainty and adaptively managing releases through time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10336-010-0592-y","usgsCitation":"Moore, C., Converse, S., Folk, M.J., Runge, M.C., and Nesbitt, S.A., 2012, Evaluating release alternatives for a long-lived bird species under uncertainty about long-term demographic rates: Journal of Ornithology, v. 152, no. supplement 2, p. 339-353, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-010-0592-y.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":254527,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-010-0592-y","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"152","issue":"supplement 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bf0e4b0c8380cd52958","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Clinton T.","contributorId":9767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Clinton T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J.","contributorId":85716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Folk, Martin J.","contributorId":82568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folk","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nesbitt, Stephen A.","contributorId":22827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nesbitt","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70038012,"text":"70038012 - 2012 - Bayesian analysis of multi-state data with individual covariates for estimating genetic effects on demography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:34","indexId":"70038012","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2409,"text":"Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bayesian analysis of multi-state data with individual covariates for estimating genetic effects on demography","docAbstract":"Inbreeding depression is frequently a concern of managers interested in restoring endangered species. Decisions to reduce the potential for inbreeding depression by balancing genotypic contributions to reintroduced populations may exact a cost on long-term demographic performance of the population if those decisions result in reduced numbers of animals released and/or restriction of particularly successful genotypes (i.e., heritable traits of particular family lines). As part of an effort to restore a migratory flock of Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) to eastern North America using the offspring of captive breeders, we obtained a unique dataset which includes post-release mark-recapture data, as well as the pedigree of each released individual. We developed a Bayesian formulation of a multi-state model to analyze radio-telemetry, band-resight, and dead recovery data on reintroduced individuals, in order to track survival and breeding state transitions. We used studbook-based individual covariates to examine the comparative evidence for and degree of effects of inbreeding, genotype, and genotype quality on post-release survival of reintroduced individuals. We demonstrate implementation of the Bayesian multi-state model, which allows for the integration of imperfect detection, multiple data types, random effects, and individual- and time-dependent covariates. Our results provide only weak evidence for an effect of the quality of an individual's genotype in captivity on post-release survival as well as for an effect of inbreeding on post-release survival. We plan to integrate our results into a decision-analytic modeling framework that can explicitly examine tradeoffs between the effects of inbreeding and the effects of genotype and demographic stochasticity on population establishment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10336-011-0695-0","usgsCitation":"Converse, S., Royle, J., and Urbanek, R.P., 2012, Bayesian analysis of multi-state data with individual covariates for estimating genetic effects on demography: Journal of Ornithology, v. 152, no. Supplement 2, p. 561-572, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-011-0695-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"572","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":254526,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-011-0695-0","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"152","issue":"Supplement 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f02ae4b0c8380cd4a60e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Converse, Sarah J.","contributorId":85716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Urbanek, Richard P.","contributorId":38400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urbanek","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038056,"text":"70038056 - 2012 - Parameter-expanded data augmentation for Bayesian analysis of capture-recapture models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"70038056","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2409,"text":"Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parameter-expanded data augmentation for Bayesian analysis of capture-recapture models","docAbstract":"Data augmentation (DA) is a flexible tool for analyzing closed and open population models of capture-recapture data, especially models which include sources of hetereogeneity among individuals. The essential concept underlying DA, as we use the term, is based on adding \"observations\" to create a dataset composed of a known number of individuals. This new (augmented) dataset, which includes the unknown number of individuals <i>N</i> in the population, is then analyzed using a new model that includes a reformulation of the parameter <i>N</i> in the conventional model of the observed (unaugmented) data. In the context of capture-recapture models, we add a set of \"all zero\" encounter histories which are not, in practice, observable. The model of the augmented dataset is a zero-inflated version of either a binomial or a multinomial base model. Thus, our use of DA provides a general approach for analyzing both closed and open population models of all types. In doing so, this approach provides a unified framework for the analysis of a huge range of models that are treated as unrelated \"black boxes\" and named procedures in the classical literature. As a practical matter, analysis of the augmented dataset by MCMC is greatly simplified compared to other methods that require specialized algorithms. For example, complex capture-recapture models of an augmented dataset can be fitted with popular MCMC software packages (WinBUGS or JAGS) by providing a concise statement of the model's assumptions that usually involves only a few lines of pseudocode. In this paper, we review the basic technical concepts of data augmentation, and we provide examples of analyses of closed-population models (<i>M 0, M h</i> , distance sampling, and spatial capture-recapture models) and open-population models (Jolly-Seber) with individual effects.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10336-010-0619-4","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., and Dorazio, R.M., 2012, Parameter-expanded data augmentation for Bayesian analysis of capture-recapture models: Journal of Ornithology, v. 152, no. Supplement 2, p. 521-537, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-010-0619-4.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"537","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":254530,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-010-0619-4","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"152","issue":"Supplement 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a74cfe4b0c8380cd77842","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert M. 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":1668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038053,"text":"sir20115221 - 2012 - Hydrologic, water-quality, and biological characteristics of the North Fork Flathead River, Montana, water years 2007-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:36","indexId":"sir20115221","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5221","title":"Hydrologic, water-quality, and biological characteristics of the North Fork Flathead River, Montana, water years 2007-2008","docAbstract":"In water year 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, began a 2-year study to collect hydrologic, water-quality, and biological data to provide a baseline characterization of the North Fork Flathead River from the United States-Canada border to its confluence with the Middle Fork of the Flathead River near Columbia Falls, Montana. Although mining in the Canadian portion of the North Fork Basin was banned in 2010 by a Memorandum of Understanding issued by the Province of British Columbia, baseline characterization was deemed important for the evaluation of any potential future changes in hydrology, water quality, or aquatic biology in the basin. The North Fork Basin above Columbia Falls (including Canada) drains an area of 1,564 square miles, and the study area encompasses the portion of the basin in Montana, which is 1,126 square miles. Seasonal patterns in the hydrology of the North Fork are dominated by the accumulation and melting of seasonal snowpack in the basin. Low-flow conditions occurred during the late-summer, fall, and winter months, and high-flow conditions coincided with the spring snowmelt. Substantial gains in streamflow occurred along the study reach of the North Fork, 85 percent of which were accounted for by tributary inflows during low-flow conditions, indicating unmeasured streamflow inputs along the main stem were 15 percent or less.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115221","collaboration":"In cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Mills, T.J., Schweiger, E.W., Mast, M.A., and Clow, D.W., 2012, Hydrologic, water-quality, and biological characteristics of the North Fork Flathead River, Montana, water years 2007-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5221, vii, 46 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115221.","productDescription":"vii, 46 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5221.png"},{"id":254519,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5221/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Flathead River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36a0e4b0c8380cd60871","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, Taylor J. 0000-0001-7252-0521 tmills@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-0521","contributorId":4658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"Taylor","email":"tmills@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schweiger, E. William","contributorId":53635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweiger","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038050,"text":"ofr20121059 - 2012 - Foraging ecology of least terns and piping plovers nesting on Central Platte River sandpits and sandbars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T11:19:07","indexId":"ofr20121059","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1059","title":"Foraging ecology of least terns and piping plovers nesting on Central Platte River sandpits and sandbars","docAbstract":"Federally listed least terns (<i>Sternula antillarum</i>) and piping plovers (<i>Charadrius melodus</i>) nest on riverine sandbars on many major midcontinent river systems. On the Central Platte River, availability of sandbar habitat is limited, and both species nest on excavated sandpits in the river's floodplain. However, the extent to which sandpit-nesting birds use riverine habitats for foraging is unknown. We evaluated use of foraging habitats by least terns and piping plovers by collecting data on movements, behavior, foraging habitat, and productivity. We radiomarked 16 piping plovers and 23 least terns in 2009-2010 and monitored their movements using a network of fixed telemetry dataloggers. Piping plovers were detected primarily by the datalogger located in their nesting sandpit, whereas least terns were more frequently detected on dataloggers outside of the nesting sandpit. Telemetry data and behavioral observations showed that least terns tended to concentrate at the Kearney Canal Diversion Gates, where forage fish were apparently readily available. Fish sampling data suggested that forage fish were more abundant in riverine than in sandpit habitats, and behavioral observations showed that least terns foraged more frequently in riverine than in sandpit habitats. Piping plovers tended to forage in wet substrates along sandpit shorelines, but also used dry substrates and sandpit interior habitats. The greater mobility of least terns makes a wider range of potential foraging habitats available during brood rearing, making them able to exploit concentrations of fish outside the nesting colony. Thus, our data suggest that different spatial scales should be considered in managing nesting and foraging habitat complexes for piping plovers and least terns.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121059","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Platte River Recovery Implementation Program","usgsCitation":"Sherfy, M.H., Anteau, M.J., Shaffer, T.L., Sovada, M.A., and Stucker, J.H., 2012, Foraging ecology of least terns and piping plovers nesting on Central Platte River sandpits and sandbars: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1059, vii, 41 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121059.","productDescription":"vii, 41 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1059.gif"},{"id":254516,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1059/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 14","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","city":"Lexington;Chapman","otherGeospatial":"Central Platte River Valley;Bluehole Pit;Johnson Pit;Lexington Pit;Dyer Pit;Dinan Tract;Dipple Tract","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.83333333333333,40.333333333333336 ], [ -99.83333333333333,40.833333333333336 ], [ -98.5,40.833333333333336 ], [ -98.5,40.333333333333336 ], [ -99.83333333333333,40.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12fce4b0c8380cd54491","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherfy, Mark H. 0000-0003-3016-4105 msherfy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-4105","contributorId":125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherfy","given":"Mark","email":"msherfy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anteau, Michael J. 0000-0002-5173-5870 manteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-5870","contributorId":3427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"Michael","email":"manteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sovada, Marsha A. msovada@usgs.gov","contributorId":2601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovada","given":"Marsha","email":"msovada@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stucker, Jennifer H. jstucker@usgs.gov","contributorId":3183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stucker","given":"Jennifer","email":"jstucker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70038047,"text":"tm3A23 - 2012 - Computing discharge using the index velocity method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"tm3A23","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3-A23","title":"Computing discharge using the index velocity method","docAbstract":"Application of the index velocity method for computing continuous records of discharge has become increasingly common, especially since the introduction of low-cost acoustic Doppler velocity meters (ADVMs) in 1997. Presently (2011), the index velocity method is being used to compute discharge records for approximately 470 gaging stations operated and maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey. The purpose of this report is to document and describe techniques for computing discharge records using the index velocity method. Computing discharge using the index velocity method differs from the traditional stage-discharge method by separating velocity and area into two ratings&mdash;the index velocity rating and the stage-area rating. The outputs from each of these ratings, mean channel velocity (V) and cross-sectional area (A), are then multiplied together to compute a discharge. For the index velocity method, V is a function of such parameters as streamwise velocity, stage, cross-stream velocity, and velocity head, and A is a function of stage and cross-section shape. The index velocity method can be used at locations where stage-discharge methods are used, but it is especially appropriate when more than one specific discharge can be measured for a specific stage. After the ADVM is selected, installed, and configured, the stage-area rating and the index velocity rating must be developed. A standard cross section is identified and surveyed in order to develop the stage-area rating. The standard cross section should be surveyed every year for the first 3 years of operation and thereafter at a lesser frequency, depending on the susceptibility of the cross section to change. Periodic measurements of discharge are used to calibrate and validate the index rating for the range of conditions experienced at the gaging station. Data from discharge measurements, ADVMs, and stage sensors are compiled for index-rating analysis. Index ratings are developed by means of regression techniques in which the mean cross-sectional velocity for the standard section is related to the measured index velocity. Most ratings are simple-linear regressions, but more complex ratings may be necessary in some cases. Once the rating is established, validation measurements should be made periodically. Over time, validation measurements may provide additional definition to the rating or result in the creation of a new rating. The computation of discharge is the last step in the index velocity method, and in some ways it is the most straight-forward step. This step differs little from the steps used to compute discharge records for stage-discharge gaging stations. The ratings are entered into database software used for records computation, and continuous records of discharge are computed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm3A23","usgsCitation":"Levesque, V.A., and Oberg, K.A., 2012, Computing discharge using the index velocity method: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 3-A23, ix, 65 p.; Glossary; Appendices; PDF Download of Report and Appendices in High and Low Resolutions; ZIP Download of Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm3A23.","productDescription":"ix, 65 p.; Glossary; Appendices; PDF Download of Report and Appendices in High and Low Resolutions; ZIP Download of Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"157","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":426,"text":"National Hydroacoustics Coordinator","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_3_A23.gif"},{"id":254512,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/3a23/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f976e4b0c8380cd4d602","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levesque, Victor A. levesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":4335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levesque","given":"Victor","email":"levesque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberg, Kevin A. kaoberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"Kevin","email":"kaoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}