Global sea level is rising, and the relative rate in the Chesapeake Bay region of the East Coast of the United States is greater than the worldwide rate. Sea-level rise can cause saline water to migrate upstream in estuaries and rivers, threatening freshwater habitat and drinking-water supplies. The effects of future sea-level rise on two tributaries of Chesapeake Bay, the James and Chickahominy (CHK) Rivers, were evaluated in order to quantify the salinity change with respect to the magnitude of sea-level rise. Such changes are critical to: 1) local floral and faunal habitats that have limited tolerance ranges to salinity; and 2) a drinking-water supply for the City of Newport News, Virginia. By using the three-dimensional Hydrodynamic-Eutrophication Model (HEM-3D), sea-level rise scenarios of 30, 50, and 100 cm, based on the U.S. Climate Change Science Program for the mid-Atlantic region for the 21st century, were evaluated. The model results indicate that salinity increases in the entire river as sea level rises and that the salinity increase in a dry year is greater than that in a typical year. In the James River, the salinity increase in the middle-to-upper river (from 25 to 50 km upstream of the mouth) is larger than that in the lower and upper parts of the river. The maximum mean salinity increase would be 2 and 4 ppt for a sea-level rise of 50 and 100 cm, respectively. The upstream movement of the 10 ppt isohaline is much larger than the 5 and 20 ppt isohalines. The volume of water with salinity between 10 and 20 ppt would increase greatly if sea level rises 100 cm. In the CHK River, with a sea-level rise of 100 cm, the mean salinity at the drinking-water intake 34 km upstream of the mouth would be about 3 ppt in a typical year and greater than 5 ppt in a dry year, both far in excess of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's secondary standard for total dissolved solids for drinking water. At the drinking-water intake, the number of days of salinity greater than 0.1 ppt increases with increasing sea-level rise; during a dry year, 0.1 ppt would be exceeded for more than 100 days with as small a rise as 30 cm.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.06.036","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., Hong, B., and Jian Shen, 2012, Assessment of salinity intrusion in the James and Chickahominy Rivers as a result of simulated sea-level rise in Chesapeake Bay, East Coast, USA: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 111, p. 61-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.06.036.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"69","ipdsId":"IP-023181","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","city":"Newport News","otherGeospatial":"Chesepeake Bay, Chickahominy River, James River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.794189453125,\n 36.76529191711624\n ],\n [\n -77.794189453125,\n 39.74943369178247\n ],\n [\n -75.662841796875,\n 39.74943369178247\n ],\n [\n -75.662841796875,\n 36.76529191711624\n ],\n [\n -77.794189453125,\n 36.76529191711624\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5878a492e4b04df303d95822","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":178269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hong, Bo","contributorId":178276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hong","given":"Bo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jian Shen","contributorId":178277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jian Shen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70179708,"text":"70179708 - 2012 - Evaluation of Bayesian estimation of a hidden continuous-time Markov chain model with application to threshold violation in water-quality indicators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-10T18:47:51","indexId":"70179708","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5261,"text":"Journal of Environmental Informatics","onlineIssn":"16848799","printIssn":"17262135","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of Bayesian estimation of a hidden continuous-time Markov chain model with application to threshold violation in water-quality indicators","docAbstract":"Natural resource managers require information concerning the frequency, duration, and long-term probability of occurrence of water-quality indicator (WQI) violations of defined thresholds. The timing of these threshold crossings often is hidden from the observer, who is restricted to relatively infrequent observations. Here, a model for the hidden process is linked with a model for the observations, and the parameters describing duration, return period, and long-term probability of occurrence are estimated using Bayesian methods. A simulation experiment is performed to evaluate the approach under scenarios based on the equivalent of a total monitoring period of 5-30 years and an observation frequency of 1-50 observations per year. Given constant threshold crossing rate, accuracy and precision of parameter estimates increased with longer total monitoring period and more-frequent observations. Given fixed monitoring period and observation frequency, accuracy and precision of parameter estimates increased with longer times between threshold crossings. For most cases where the long-term probability of being in violation is greater than 0.10, it was determined that at least 600 observations are needed to achieve precise estimates. An application of the approach is presented using 22 years of quasi-weekly observations of acid-neutralizing capacity from Deep Run, a stream in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. The time series also was sub-sampled to simulate monthly and semi-monthly sampling protocols. Estimates of the long-term probability of violation were unbiased despite sampling frequency; however, the expected duration and return period were over-estimated using the sub-sampled time series with respect to the full quasi-weekly time series.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Environmental Information Services","doi":"10.3808/jei.201200210","usgsCitation":"Deviney, F.A., Rice, K.C., and Brown, D.E., 2012, Evaluation of Bayesian estimation of a hidden continuous-time Markov chain model with application to threshold violation in water-quality indicators: Journal of Environmental Informatics, v. 19, no. 2, p. 70-78, https://doi.org/10.3808/jei.201200210.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"78","ipdsId":"IP-023202","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3808/jei.201200210","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5878a491e4b04df303d95820","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deviney, Frank A.","contributorId":22447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deviney","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":178269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Donald E.","contributorId":178279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":25492,"text":"University of Virginia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70179915,"text":"70179915 - 2012 - Groundwater conditions in Utah, spring of 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-22T09:25:23","indexId":"70179915","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"53","title":"Groundwater conditions in Utah, spring of 2012","docAbstract":"This is the forty-ninth in a series of annual reports that describe groundwater conditions in Utah. Reports in this series, published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality, provide data to enable interested parties to maintain awareness of changing groundwater conditions.
This report, like the others in the series, contains information on well construction, groundwater withdrawal from wells, water-level changes, precipitation, streamflow, and chemical quality of water. Information on well construction included in this report refers only to wells constructed for new appropriations of groundwater. Supplementary data are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas that are important to a discussion of changing groundwater conditions and for which applicable data are available.
This report includes individual discussions of selected significant areas of groundwater development in the State for calendar year 2011. Most of the reported data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality. This report is also available online at http:// www.waterrights.utah.gov/techinfo/ and http://ut.water.usgs. gov/publications/GW2012.pdf. Groundwater conditions in Utah for calendar year 2010 are reported in Burden and others (2011) and available online at http://ut.water.usgs.gov/ publications/GW2011.pdf.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, and Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality","usgsCitation":"Burden, C.B., Allen, D.V., Holt, C.M., Fisher, M.J., Downhour, P., Smith, L., Eacret, R.J., Gibson, T.L., Slaugh, B.A., Whittier, N.R., Howells, J.H., and Christiansen, H.K., 2012, Groundwater conditions in Utah, spring of 2012: Cooperative Investigations Report 53, x, 118 p.","productDescription":"x, 118 p.","numberOfPages":"132","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364082,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/techinfo/wwwpub/GW2012.pdf"},{"id":333546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833023e4b0d0023163779c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burden, Carole B. cburden@usgs.gov","contributorId":852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burden","given":"Carole","email":"cburden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, David V.","contributorId":75989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holt, Christopher M.","contributorId":178613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holt","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Martel J. mjfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":4410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Martel","email":"mjfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Downhour, Paul downhour@usgs.gov","contributorId":968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downhour","given":"Paul","email":"downhour@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Lincoln","contributorId":178614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Lincoln","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eacret, Robert J. rjeacret@usgs.gov","contributorId":971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eacret","given":"Robert","email":"rjeacret@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gibson, Travis L.","contributorId":178615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibson","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Slaugh, Bradley A. baslaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slaugh","given":"Bradley","email":"baslaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Whittier, Nickolas R.","contributorId":178616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittier","given":"Nickolas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Howells, James H. jhowells@usgs.gov","contributorId":969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howells","given":"James","email":"jhowells@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Christiansen, Howard K.","contributorId":47830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70048976,"text":"ofr20121238 - 2012 - Water-quality and lake-stage data for Wisconsin lakes, water years 2008−2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:26:19","indexId":"ofr20121238","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-30T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1238","title":"Water-quality and lake-stage data for Wisconsin lakes, water years 2008−2011","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with local and other agencies, collects data at selected lakes throughout Wisconsin. These data, accumulated over many years, provide a data base for developing an improved understanding of the water quality of lakes. To make these data available to interested parties outside the USGS, the data are published annually in this report series.
The purpose of this report is to provide information about the chemical and physical characteristics of Wisconsin lakes during water years 2008–2011. A water year is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30. It is designated by the calendar year in which it ends. Thus, the period October 1, 2007 through September 30, 2008 is called \"water year 2008.\" Data that have been collected at specific lakes, and information to aid in the interpretation of those data, are presented in this report for water years from 2008–2011. Data collected include measurements of in-lake water quality and lake stage. Time series of Secchi depths, surface total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations collected during non-frozen periods are included for all lakes. Graphs of vertical profiles of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance are included for sites where these parameters were measured. Descriptive information for each lake includes: location of the lake, area of the lake’s watershed, period for which data are available, revisions to previously published records, and pertinent remarks. Additional data, such as streamflow and water quality in tributary and outlet streams of some of the lakes, are available via the \"USGS Annual Water Data Report\" Web site: http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121238","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Wisconsin and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Manteufel, S.B., Olson, D.L., Robertson, D.M., and Goddard, G.L., 2012, Water-quality and lake-stage data for Wisconsin lakes, water years 2008–2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012–1238, 554 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121238.","productDescription":"558 p.","numberOfPages":"558","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042122","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329149,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1238/ofr20121238.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 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\"}}]}","publicComments":"Previous citation: Manteufel, S.B., Olson, D.L., Robertson, D.M., and Goddard, G.L., 2012, Water-quality and lake-stage data for Wisconsin lakes, water years 2008–2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012–1238, 554 p., http://wi.water.usgs.gov/pdf/USGS-OFR-2012-1238.pdf.This report has previously been available from http://wi.water.usgs.gov/pdf/USGS-OFR-2012-1238.pdf. The report that had been available on that Web site had a different cover, title page, and information page.
","contact":"Director, Wisconsin Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562
https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wisconsin-water-science-center
Dams fragment watersheds and prevent anadromous fishes from reaching historic spawning habitat. Sedgeunkedunk Stream, a small tributary to the Penobscot River (Maine), has been the focus of efforts to reestablish marine-freshwater connectivity and restore anadromous fishes via the removal of two barriers to fish migration. Currently, Petromyzon marinus (Sea Lamprey) is the only anadromous fish known to spawn successfully in the stream downstream of the lowermost dam. Here, we describe the distribution and abundance of a spawning population of Sea Lamprey in Sedgeunkedunk Stream, prior to and in anticipation of habitat increase after the completion of one barrier removal. In 2008, we estimated the abundance of Sea Lamprey and its nests using daily stream surveys and an open-population mark-recapture model. We captured 47 Sea Lamprey and implanted each with a PIT tag so that we could track movements and nest associations of individual fish. The spawning migration began on 18 June, and the last living individual was observed on 27 June. We located 31 nests, distributed from head-of-tide to the lowermost dam; no spawners or nests were observed in the tidally influenced zone or upstream of this dam. Mean longevity in the stream and the number of nests attended were correlated with arrival date; early migrants were alive longer and attended more nests than later migrants. Males were more likely to be observed away from a nest, or attending three or more nests, than were females, which attended usually one or two nests. We observed a negative association between nest abundance and substrate cover by fine sediment. Based on their observed movements in the system, and the extent of their habitat use, we anticipate that spawning Sea Lamprey will recolonize formerly inaccessible habitat after dam removals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/045.019.0108","usgsCitation":"Zydlewski, J.D., Gardner, C., and Coghlan, S.M., 2012, Distribution and abundance of anadromous Sea Lamprey Spawners in a fragmented stream: Current status and potential range expansion following barrier removal: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 19, no. 1, p. 99-110, https://doi.org/10.1656/045.019.0108.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"110","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028427","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Penobscot River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.99757385253906,\n 44.56454494930599\n ],\n [\n -68.99757385253906,\n 44.800839614637205\n ],\n [\n -68.52104187011719,\n 44.800839614637205\n ],\n [\n -68.52104187011719,\n 44.56454494930599\n ],\n [\n -68.99757385253906,\n 44.56454494930599\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57496faee4b07e28b665cc54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Cory","contributorId":169679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Cory","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coghlan, Stephen M. Jr.","contributorId":169678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coghlan","given":"Stephen","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171363,"text":"70171363 - 2012 - Effects of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomeiu) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) habitat use and diel movements in an artificial stream.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T13:57:45","indexId":"70171363","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-11T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomeiu) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) habitat use and diel movements in an artificial stream.","docAbstract":"Invasive smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu have been introduced to some of the last remaining watersheds that contain wild anadromous Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, yet little is known about the interactions between these species. We used an artificial stream equipped with passive integrated transponder tag antenna arrays to monitor habitat use and movements of age-0 Atlantic salmon and age-0 smallmouth bass in sympatry and allopatry. We used additive and substitutive designs to test for changes in habitat use, diel movements, and diel activity patterns of prior-resident Atlantic salmon or smallmouth bass resulting from the addition of conspecifics or heterospecifics. Atlantic salmon prior residents did not change their habitat use in the presence of conspecific or heterospecific invaders. However, Atlantic salmon invaders did lessen riffle habitat use by smallmouth bass prior residents during daytime. Atlantic salmon and smallmouth bass displayed different diel activity patterns of movement (Atlantic salmon were more nocturnal; smallmouth bass were more diurnal), which were affected by heterospecific introductions. Because the two species tended to favor different habitat types and displayed different diel activity patterns, we suggest that under the conditions tested, the level of interspecific competition for habitat was low. Age-0 Atlantic salmon and smallmouth bass may be able to avoid intense interspecific competition through spatial and temporal habitat partitioning. These data do not, however, predict the potential for competition under different seasonal or ontogenetic circumstances.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.655116","usgsCitation":"Zydlewski, J.D., Coghlan, S.M., Trial, J.G., and Wathen, G., 2012, Effects of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomeiu) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) habitat use and diel movements in an artificial stream.: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 1, p. 174-184, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.655116.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"184","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024602","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","county":"Penobscot County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.3511962890625,\n 43.858296779161826\n ],\n [\n -69.3511962890625,\n 44.88701247981298\n ],\n [\n -68.0548095703125,\n 44.88701247981298\n ],\n [\n -68.0548095703125,\n 43.858296779161826\n ],\n [\n -69.3511962890625,\n 43.858296779161826\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"141","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57496faee4b07e28b665cc59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coghlan, Stephen M. Jr.","contributorId":169678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coghlan","given":"Stephen","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trial, Joan G.","contributorId":91156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trial","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wathen, Gus","contributorId":169693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wathen","given":"Gus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171359,"text":"70171359 - 2012 - Use of olfactory cues by newly metamorphosed wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) during emigration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T15:13:13","indexId":"70171359","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-05T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of olfactory cues by newly metamorphosed wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) during emigration","docAbstract":"Juvenile amphibians are capable of long-distance upland movements, yet cues used for orientation during upland movements are poorly understood. We used newly metamorphosed Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) to investigate: (1) the existence of innate (i.e., inherited) directionality, and (2) the use of olfactory cues, specifically forested wetland and natal pond cues during emigration. In a circular arena experiment, animals with assumed innate directionality did not orient in the expected direction (suggested by previous studies) when deprived of visual and olfactory cues. This suggests that juvenile Wood Frogs most likely rely on proximate cues for orientation. Animals reared in semi-natural conditions (1500 l cattle tanks) showed a strong avoidance of forested wetland cues in two different experimental settings, although they had not been previously exposed to such cues. This finding is contrary to known habitat use by adult Wood Frogs during summer. Juvenile Wood Frogs were indifferent to the chemical signature of natal pond (cattle tank) water. Our findings suggest that management strategies for forest amphibians should consider key habitat features that potentially influence the orientation of juveniles during emigration movements, as well as adult behavior.
","language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/CE-11-062","usgsCitation":"Zydlewski, J.D., Popescu, V.D., Brodie, B.S., and Hunter, M.L., 2012, Use of olfactory cues by newly metamorphosed wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) during emigration: Copeia, v. 2012, no. 3, p. 424-431, https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-11-062.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"424","endPage":"431","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028428","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.0908203125,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57496fb6e4b07e28b665ccb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Popescu, Viorel D.","contributorId":169697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Popescu","given":"Viorel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brodie, Bekka S.","contributorId":169696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brodie","given":"Bekka","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunter, Malcom L.","contributorId":169695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunter","given":"Malcom","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173693,"text":"70173693 - 2012 - Using persuasive messages to encourage hunters to support regulation of lead shot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-13T17:50:30","indexId":"70173693","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using persuasive messages to encourage hunters to support regulation of lead shot","docAbstract":"Lead shot from hunting adds the toxic metal to environments worldwide. The United States banned lead shot for hunting waterfowl in 1991 and 26 states have lead shot restrictions beyond those mandated for waterfowl hunting. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) was interested in studying hunter attitudes about expanded restrictions on the use of lead shot for hunting small game to understand what communication strategies might increase public support for potential restrictions on lead shot. We mailed messages about lead shot, including 1,200 control messages and 400 of each of 9 treatment messages, and surveys to 4,800 resident small game hunters. We compared attitudes and intentions related to a possible ban among control and treatment groups. Compared to the control message, all treatment messages elicited more positive attitudes and intentions to support a ban. A basic factual message, messages with references to Ducks Unlimited, and a first-person narrative message generated the strongest support for a ban. Results also demonstrated a substantial relationship between the use of lead shot and response to persuasive messages supporting a ban.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.420","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, S., Fulton, D.C., Penning, W., and Doncarlos, K., 2012, Using persuasive messages to encourage hunters to support regulation of lead shot: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 76, no. 8, p. 1528-1539, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.420.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1528","endPage":"1539","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028015","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757f065e4b04f417c24dd3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Susan A.","contributorId":78235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Susan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fulton, David C. 0000-0001-5763-7887 dcf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5763-7887","contributorId":2208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"David","email":"dcf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Penning, William","contributorId":171468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penning","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doncarlos, Kathy","contributorId":171469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doncarlos","given":"Kathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042480,"text":"70042480 - 2012 - Lewis and Clark National Historical Park Elk Monitoring Program Annual Report 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T16:06:12","indexId":"70042480","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":56,"text":"Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCR/NCRO/NRTR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2012/531","title":"Lewis and Clark National Historical Park Elk Monitoring Program Annual Report 2010","docAbstract":"Fiscal year 2010 was the second full year of elk monitoring protocol implementation at Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (LEWI), part of the North Coast and Cascades Network (NCCN) Inventory and Monitoring program. Elk monitoring at Lewis and Clark NHP includes two components. Fecal pellet surveys at a systematic sample of points in the Fort Clatsop unit are intended to give quantitative estimates of relative use by elk in that unit. Driving surveys on specified routes in and near the Fort Clatsop unit are intended to provide an index of elk viewing opportunities on those roads.
\nFecal pellet surveys include a fall clearing session and a late winter sampling session. Fall clearing from November 9 to November 17, 2009 included visits to 67 survey points. Late winter sampling from March 1 to March 8 2010 included repeat visits to 65 of those same points, but not to two others that had hazardous access or were under water. We detected elk fecal pellets in 30 points in the fall and at 30 points in the late winter.
\nThree to four road surveys per month were conducted in each of the 12 months of fiscal year 2010 (i.e., October-December 2009 and January-September 2010). Data from those surveys will be entered, validated, certified, and analyzed following the acceptance of the peer-reviewed protocol and associated database.
\nData from FY09, FY10, and FY11 will be useful in the formal analyses of trend. Those three years of data will contribute to the preparation of a four-year analysis and report after only one more year. Quantitative estimates of relative use by elk throughout the Fort Clatsop unit will be provided in the four-year report in 2012. Those estimates will account for detection bias, which comes from an incomplete count of elk pellets that were present in the subplots at the time of survey.
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communities in the Upper Midwestern United States have been well studied for nearly three decades (Karr et al. 1985; Nerbonne and Vondracek 1991; Zimmerman et al. 2001; Goldstein and Meador 2005). Specific impacts include: lowered water levels, sediment loading and nutrient enrichment, loss of riparian habitat, changes to channel morphometry and physical habitat, and changes to the forage base. As part of the National Fish Habitat Action Plan (NFHAP), an initiative to protect, restore, and enhance the nation's fish and aquatic communities, the Fishers and Farmers Partnership specifically focuses on working with agricultural producers to help protect and restore aquatic resources in the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB) (Fig. 1). Successful protection and/or restoration will require the partnership and local conservation agencies to effectively communicate and work with local landowners. However, roughly 43% of the agricultural lands in the UMRB are not operated by those who own the land (National Agricultural Statistics Service 2009) and this is expected to increase as heirs of farm estates now reside greater distances from their home farms than ever before (Arbuckle 2010).
\nIt has long been presumed that changes in land ownership trends, toward more absentee landowners, would have important consequences for soil erosion and other conservation practices, as larger, more corporate agriculture, is thought to maximize farm income at the expense of environmental quality (Lee 1980). Absentee landowners may be less likely to take advantage of conservation programs. For example, land operated by renters lags enrollment in the Conservation Reserve (CRP) and Wetland Reserve (WRP) programs by 64% nation-wide (Petrzelka et al. 2009). Also, it has been found that the more detached an absentee landowner becomes from their land, both geographically and culturally, their commitment to land stewardship decreases (Arbuckle 2010). The Fishers and Farmers Partnership recognizes the challenge agricultural producers face in maintaining food and fiber production for a growing world population while also trying to improve environmental quality and fish habitat. This challenge is likely exacerbated when the landowners are absentee. Thus, reaching non-owner-operated farmers and convincing them to help protect and/or restore aquatic resources may be critical to the success of the Fishers and Farmers Partnership.
\nIn this study, we explored relationships among agricultural land use, land ownership, and native fish biodiversity in the UMRB as a first step toward helping the Fishers and Farmers Partnership identify specific locations in the UMRB that may pose conservation challenges. For example, places that have experienced a loss of native fish species richness relative to historical conditions and also have high proportions of absentee landowners may provide restoration challenges. We were also interested in identifying areas that have retained high levels of species richness and are owner-operated. These areas present good opportunities to work with local landowners to protect aquatic resources. To identify such areas, we addressed two primary questions: 1) Is there a relationship between the type of agricultural land use (i.e. cropland vs pastureland) and the % of land rented or leased within the UMRB? and 2) How does the type of agricultural production and whether land is rented or leased relate to the maintenance of historical levels of native fish species richness? We predicted that areas with large amounts of land devoted to crop production will have experienced the greatest losses of native fish species richness. However, our hypothesis is that watersheds with large amounts of land rented or leased will have experienced even greater declines in native fish species richness than would be predicted from the amount of cultivated cropland alone. By testing these hypotheses, we intended to identify watersheds that would be strong candidates for protection, restoration, and enhancement of fish species richness by accounting for land use and ownership characteristics.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"De Jager, N.R., and Rohweder, J.J., 2012, Exploring relationships among land ownership, agricultural land use, and native fish species richness in the Upper Mississippi River Basin, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037133","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310899,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, South Dakota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56389751e4b0d6133fe72fb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Jager, Nathan R. 0000-0002-6649-4125 ndejager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-4125","contributorId":3717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Jager","given":"Nathan","email":"ndejager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rohweder, Jason J. jrohweder@usgs.gov","contributorId":460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohweder","given":"Jason","email":"jrohweder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156679,"text":"70156679 - 2012 - Effects of groundwater pumping in the lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T16:05:17.837044","indexId":"70156679","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of groundwater pumping in the lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin","docAbstract":"
USGS developed a groundwater-flow model of the Upper Floridan aquifer in lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin in southwest Georgia and adjacent parts of Alabama and Florida to determine the effect of agricultural groundwater pumping on aquifer/stream flow within the basin. Aquifer/stream flow is the sum of groundwater outflow to and inflow from streams, and is an important consideration for water managers in the development of water-allocation and operating plans. Specifically, the model was used to evaluate how agricultural pumping relates to 7Q10 low streamflow, a statistical low flow indicative of drought conditions that would occur during seven consecutive days, on average, once every 10 years. Argus ONETM, a software package that combines a geographic information system (GIS) and numerical modeling in an Open Numerical Environment, facilitated the design of a detailed finite-element mesh to represent the complex geometry of the stream system in the lower basin as a groundwater-model boundary. To determine the effects on aquifer/stream flow of pumping at different locations within the model area, a pumping rate equivalent to a typical center-pivot irrigation system (50,000 ft3/d) was applied individually at each of the 18,951 model nodes in repeated steady-state simulations that were compared to a base case representing drought conditions during October 1999. Effects of nodal pumping on aquifer/stream flow and other boundary flows, as compared with the base-case simulation, were computed and stored in a response matrix. Queries to the response matrix were designed to determine the sensitivity of targeted stream reaches to agricultural pumping. Argus ONE enabled creation of contour plots of query results to illustrate the spatial variation across the model area of simulated aquifer/streamflow reductions, expressed as a percentage of the long-term 7Q10 low streamflow at key USGS gaging stations in the basin. These results would enable water managers to assess the relative impact of agricultural pumping and drought conditions on streamflow throughout the basin, and to develop mitigation strategies to conserve water resources and preserve aquatic habitat.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"GIS and water resources VII: Proceedings of the American Water Resources Association 2012 Spring Specialty Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"American Water Resources Association 2012 Spring Specialty Conference: GIS and Water Resources VII","conferenceDate":"March 26-28, 2012","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, Louisiana","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","usgsCitation":"Jones, L.E., 2012, Effects of groundwater pumping in the lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin, in GIS and water resources VII: Proceedings of the American Water Resources Association 2012 Spring Specialty Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, March 26-28, 2012, 56 p.","productDescription":"56 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035295","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.242919921875,\n 29.707139348134145\n ],\n [\n -85.23193359375,\n 31.5504526754715\n ],\n [\n -83.5400390625,\n 32.685619853722\n ],\n [\n -83.2049560546875,\n 32.88420028540548\n ],\n [\n -82.5567626953125,\n 32.44488496716713\n ],\n [\n -82.650146484375,\n 31.667408317080916\n ],\n [\n -83.5345458984375,\n 30.91636380602182\n ],\n [\n -84.22119140625,\n 30.4060442699695\n ],\n [\n -84.4354248046875,\n 29.940655389125002\n ],\n [\n -85.2044677734375,\n 29.635545914466675\n ],\n [\n -85.242919921875,\n 29.707139348134145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91b1e4b0518e354dd154","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, L. Elliott 0000-0002-7394-2053 lejones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7394-2053","contributorId":4491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"L.","email":"lejones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Elliott","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70136255,"text":"70136255 - 2012 - Long-distance swimming by polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea during years of extensive open water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T13:27:17","indexId":"70136255","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-30T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-distance swimming by polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea during years of extensive open water","docAbstract":"Polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) depend on sea ice for catching marine mammal prey. Recent sea-ice declines have been linked to reductions in body condition, survival, and population size. Reduced foraging opportunity is hypothesized to be the primary cause of sea-ice-linked declines, but the costs of travel through a deteriorated sea-ice environment also may be a factor. We used movement data from 52 adult female polar bears wearing Global Positioning System (GPS) collars, including some with dependent young, to document long-distance swimming (>50 km) by polar bears in the southern Beaufort and Chukchi seas. During 6 years (2004-2009), we identified 50 long-distance swims by 20 bears. Swim duration and distance ranged from 0.7 to 9.7 days (mean = 3.4 days) and 53.7 to 687.1 km (mean = 154.2 km), respectively. Frequency of swimming appeared to increase over the course of the study. We show that adult female polar bears and their cubs are capable of swimming long distances during periods when extensive areas of open water are present. However, long-distance swimming appears to have higher energetic demands than moving over sea ice. Our observations suggest long-distance swimming is a behavioral response to declining summer sea-ice conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Research Council of Canada","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Canada","doi":"10.1139/Z2012-033","usgsCitation":"Pagano, A.M., Durner, G.M., Simac, K.S., York, G., and Amstrup, S.C., 2012, Long-distance swimming by polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea during years of extensive open water: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 90, no. 5, p. 663-676, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z2012-033.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"663","endPage":"676","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035037","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296931,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a93e4b08de9379b3106","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pagano, Anthony M. 0000-0003-2176-0909 apagano@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2176-0909","contributorId":3884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagano","given":"Anthony","email":"apagano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simac, Kristin S. 0000-0002-4072-1940 ksimac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-1940","contributorId":131096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simac","given":"Kristin","email":"ksimac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"York, G.S.","contributorId":103857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"York","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70042632,"text":"70042632 - 2012 - Near-bed turbulence and sediment flux measurements in tidal channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T10:49:34","indexId":"70042632","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-16T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Near-bed turbulence and sediment flux measurements in tidal channels","docAbstract":"Understanding the hydrodynamics and sediment transport dynamics in tidal channels is important for studies of estuary geomorphology, sediment supply to tidal wetlands, aquatic ecology and fish habitat, and dredging and navigation. Hydrodynamic and sediment transport data are essential for calibration and testing of numerical models that may be used to address management questions related to these topics. Herein we report preliminary analyses of near-bed turbulence and sediment flux measurements in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, a large network of tidal channels and wetlands located at the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, California, USA (Figure 1). Measurements were made in 6 channels spanning a wide range of size and tidal conditions, from small channels that are primarily fluvial to large channels that are tidally dominated. The results of these measurements are summarized herein and the hydrodynamic and sediment transport characteristics of the channels are compared across this range of size and conditions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Hydraulic Measurement and Experimental Methods Conference, Snowbird, Utah, August 12-15, 2012","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Measurement and Experimental Methods Conference","conferenceDate":"August 12, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Snowbird, Utah","language":"English","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Wright, S., and Whealdon-Haught, D., 2012, Near-bed turbulence and sediment flux measurements in tidal channels, in Proceedings of the Hydraulic Measurement and Experimental Methods Conference, Snowbird, Utah, August 12-15, 2012, Snowbird, Utah, August 12, 2012, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038033","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324597,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/projects/baydelta/publications.html"},{"id":324598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.86035156249999,\n 38.098901948321256\n ],\n [\n -121.85760498046875,\n 38.01239425385966\n ],\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 37.95827503526034\n ],\n [\n -121.46347045898438,\n 37.966936792535144\n ],\n [\n -121.47720336914062,\n 38.25974980039479\n ],\n [\n -121.8878173828125,\n 38.23386541556983\n ],\n [\n -121.86035156249999,\n 38.098901948321256\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f2a1e4b07dd077c6a780","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, S.A.","contributorId":90080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whealdon-Haught, D.R.","contributorId":172409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whealdon-Haught","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70073502,"text":"70073502 - 2012 - Testing the effect of water in crevasses on a physically based calving model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:08:12","indexId":"70073502","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T09:20:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing the effect of water in crevasses on a physically based calving model","docAbstract":"A new implementation of a calving model, using the finite-element code Elmer, is presented and used to investigate the effects of surface water within crevasses on calving rate. For this work, we use a two-dimensional flowline model of Columbia Glacier, Alaska. Using the glacier's 1993 geometry as a starting point, we apply a crevasse-depth calving criterion, which predicts calving at the location where surface crevasses cross the waterline. Crevasse depth is calculated using the Nye formulation. We find that calving rate in such a regime is highly dependent on the depth of water in surface crevasses, with a change of just a few meters in water depth causing the glacier to change from advancing at a rate of 3.5 km a-1 to retreating at a rate of 1.9 km a-1. These results highlight the potential for atmospheric warming and surface meltwater to trigger glacier retreat, but also the difficulty of modeling calving rates, as crevasse water depth is difficult to determine either by measurement in situ or surface mass-balance modelling.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Glaciological Society","doi":"10.3189/2012AoG60A107","usgsCitation":"Cook, S., Zwinger, T., Rutt, I., O’Neel, S., and Murray, T., 2012, Testing the effect of water in crevasses on a physically based calving model: Annals of Glaciology, v. 53, no. 60, p. 90-96, https://doi.org/10.3189/2012AoG60A107.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"96","ipdsId":"IP-033017","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/2012aog60a107","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281496,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2012AoG60A107"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Glacier","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -147.30,60.30 ], [ -147.30,61.30 ], [ -146.30,61.30 ], [ -146.30,60.30 ], [ -147.30,60.30 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"53","issue":"60","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd76a3e4b0b2908510b090","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, S.","contributorId":26225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zwinger, T.","contributorId":82612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwinger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rutt, I.C.","contributorId":82613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutt","given":"I.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murray, T.","contributorId":59304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70169149,"text":"70169149 - 2012 - Spread dynamics of perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) in two seasonal wetland areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-23T10:52:44","indexId":"70169149","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2100,"text":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spread dynamics of perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) in two seasonal wetland areas","docAbstract":"Perennial pepperweed is an invasive plant that is expanding rapidly in several plant communities in the western United States. In California, perennial pepperweed has aggressively invaded seasonal wetlands, resulting in degradation of habitat quality. We evaluated the rate and dynamics of population spread, assessed the effect of disturbance on spread, and determined the biotic and abiotic factors influencing the likelihood of invasion. The study was conducted at eight sites within two wetland regions of California. Results indicate that in undisturbed sites, spread was almost exclusively through vegetative expansion, and the average rate of spread was 0.85 m yr−1 from the leading edge. Spread in sites that were disked was more than three times greater than in undisturbed sites. While smaller infestations increased at a faster rate compared with larger populations, larger infestations accumulated more newly infested areas than smaller infestations from year to year. Stem density was consistently higher in the center of the infestations, with about 2.4 times more stems per square meter compared with the leading edge at the perimeter of the population. The invasion by perennial pepperweed was positively correlated with increased water availability but was negatively correlated with the cover of perennial and annual species. Thus, high cover of resident vegetation can have a suppressive effect on the rate of invasion, even in wetland ecosystems. On the basis of these results, we recommend that resident plant cover not be disturbed, especially in wet areas adjacent to areas currently infested with perennial pepperweed. For infested areas, management efforts should be prioritized to focus on controlling satellite populations as well as the leading edge of larger infestations first. This strategy could reduce the need for costly active restoration efforts by maximizing the probability of successful re-establishment of resident vegetation from the adjacent seedbank.
","language":"English","publisher":"Weed Science Society of America","doi":"10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00039.1","usgsCitation":"Renz, M.J., Steinmaus, S.J., Gilmer, D.S., and DiTomaso, J.M., 2012, Spread dynamics of perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) in two seasonal wetland areas: Invasive Plant Science and Management, v. 5, no. 1, p. 57-68, https://doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00039.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030113","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-11-00039.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319209,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be51e4b0f59b85e02f0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renz, Mark J.","contributorId":167709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renz","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13562,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinmaus, Scott J.","contributorId":167710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steinmaus","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24812,"text":"Cal Poly San Luis Obispo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilmer, David S.","contributorId":59508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DiTomaso, Joseph M.","contributorId":72925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiTomaso","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70155849,"text":"70155849 - 2012 - Complexity of human and ecosystem interactions in an agricultural landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T09:41:44","indexId":"70155849","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1532,"text":"Environmental Development","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complexity of human and ecosystem interactions in an agricultural landscape","docAbstract":"The complexity of human interaction in the commercial agricultural landscape and the resulting impacts on the ecosystem services of water quality and quantity is largely ignored by the current agricultural paradigm that maximizes crop production over other ecosystem services. Three examples at different spatial scales (local, regional, and global) are presented where human and ecosystem interactions in a commercial agricultural landscape adversely affect water quality and quantity in unintended ways in the Delta of northwestern Mississippi. In the first example, little to no regulation of groundwater use for irrigation has caused declines in groundwater levels resulting in loss of baseflow to streams and threatening future water supply. In the second example, federal policy which subsidizes corn for biofuel production has encouraged many producers to switch from cotton to corn, which requires more nutrients and water, counter to national efforts to reduce nutrient loads to the Gulf of Mexico and exacerbating groundwater level declines. The third example is the wholesale adoption of a system for weed control that relies on a single chemical, initially providing many benefits and ultimately leading to the widespread occurrence of glyphosate and its degradates in Delta streams and necessitating higher application rates of glyphosate as well as the use of other herbicides due to increasing weed resistance. Although these examples are specific to the Mississippi Delta, analogous situations exist throughout the world and point to the need for change in how we grow our food, fuel, and fiber, and manage our soil and water resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2012.09.009","usgsCitation":"Coupe, R.H., Barlow, J.R., and Capel, P.D., 2012, Complexity of human and ecosystem interactions in an agricultural landscape: Environmental Development, v. 4, p. 88-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2012.09.009.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030203","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306627,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 37.10776507118514\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -90.90087890624999,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -91.56005859375,\n 35.47856499535729\n ],\n [\n -92.28515625,\n 34.79576153473033\n ],\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 34.19817309627726\n ],\n [\n -91.60400390625,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n -91.58203125,\n 33.119150226768866\n ],\n [\n -92.1533203125,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -92.13134765625,\n 32.11980111179328\n ],\n [\n -91.845703125,\n 31.784216884487385\n ],\n [\n -91.42822265625,\n 31.541089879585808\n ],\n [\n -90.85693359375,\n 32.342841356393045\n ],\n [\n -90.2197265625,\n 33.119150226768866\n ],\n [\n -90.02197265625,\n 33.687781758439364\n ],\n [\n -90.02197265625,\n 34.488447837809304\n ],\n [\n -90.087890625,\n 35.04798673426734\n ],\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 36.56260003738548\n ],\n [\n -89.01123046875,\n 36.949891786813296\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 37.10776507118514\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfade4b08400b1fe13de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barlow, Jeannie R. B. 0000-0002-0799-4656 jbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-4656","contributorId":3701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Jeannie","email":"jbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70205864,"text":"70205864 - 2012 - Physical Climate Forces","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70205864,"text":"70205864 - 2012 - Physical Climate Forces","indexId":"70205864","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"2","title":"Physical Climate Forces"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048737,"text":"70048737 - 2012 - Coastal impacts, adaptation, and vulnerabilities: a technical input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment","indexId":"70048737","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Coastal impacts, adaptation, and vulnerabilities: a technical input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70048737,"text":"70048737 - 2012 - Coastal impacts, adaptation, and vulnerabilities: a technical input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment","indexId":"70048737","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Coastal impacts, adaptation, and vulnerabilities: a technical input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-08T16:24:10","indexId":"70205864","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-08T16:02:11","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"Physical Climate Forces","docAbstract":"Key Findings
The coasts of the U.S. are home to many large urban centers and important infrastructure such seaports, airports, transportation routes, oil import and refining facilities, power plants, and military bases. All are vulnerable to varying degrees to impacts of global warming such as sea-level rise, storms, and flooding. High Confidence.
Physical observations collected over the past several decades from the land, coasts, oceans, and the atmosphere, as well as environmental indicators, show that warming and some related environmental changes are occurring globally at rates greater than can be expected due to natural processes. These climate-related changes are highly varied, but some are likely due in large part to anthropogenically increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and altered land surface properties. High Confidence.
Findings from many independent scientific studies conclude that these changes are consistent with global warming. The primary changes observed are rising sea level and average global air, land, and ocean temperatures; heightening temperature and precipitation extremes in some regions; and increasing levels of oceans acidification and rates of glacier and ice sheet melt. High Confidence.
Most coastal landforms, such as barrier islands, deltas, bays, estuaries, wetlands, coral reefs, are highly dynamic and sensitive to even small changes in physical
forces and feedbacks such as warming, storms, ocean circulation, waves and currents, flooding, sediment budgets, and sea-level rise. High Confidence.
The effects of sea-level rise on coasts vary considerably from region-to-region and over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Land subsidence in certain locations causes relative sea-level rise to exceed global mean sea-level rise. Land uplift such as that found in Alaska and the Northwestern Pacific coast can reduce effects of global mean rise. The effects will be greatest and most immediate on low-relief, low-elevation parts of the U.S. coast along the Gulf of Mexico, mid-Atlantic states, northern Alaska, Hawaii, and island territories and especially on coasts containing deltas, coastal plains, tidal wetlands, bays, estuaries, and coral reefs. Beaches and wetlands on steep cliff coasts and shores backed with seawalls may be unable to move landward or maintain their landform with sea-level rise. Many areas of the coast are especially vulnerable because of the often detrimental effects of development on natural processes. High Confidence.
The gradual inundation from recent sea-level rise is evident in many regions such as the mid-Atlantic and Louisiana where high tides regularly flood roads and areas that were previously dry, and in stands of “ghost forests,” in which trees are killed by intrusion of brackish water. High Confidence.
Sea level change and storms are dominant driving forces of coastal change as observed in the geologic record of coastal landforms. Increasingly, sea-level rise will become a hazard for coastal regions because of continued global mean sea-level rise, including possibly accelerated rates of rise that increase risk to coastal regions. As the global climate continues to warm and ice sheets melt, coasts will become more dynamic and coastal cities and low-lying areas will be increasingly exposed to erosion, inundation, and flooding. High Confidence.
No coordinated, interagency process exists in the U.S. for identifying agreed upon global mean sea-level rise projections for the purpose of coastal planning, policy, or management, even though this is a critical first step in assessing coastal impacts and vulnerabilities. High Confidence.
Global sea level rose at a rate of 1.7 millimeters/year during the 20th century. The rate has increased to over 3 millimeters/year in the past 20 years and scientific studies suggest high confidence (>9 in 10 chance) that global mean sea level will rise 0.2 to 2 meters by the end of this century. Some regions such as Louisiana and the Chesapeake Bay will experience greater relative rise due to factors such as land subsidence, gravitational redistribution of ice-sheet meltwater, ocean circulation changes, and regional ocean thermostatic effects. Other regions undergoing land uplift, such as Alaska, will experience lesser sea-level rise. High Confidence.
Variability in the location and time-of-year of storm genesis can influence landfalling storm characteristics, and even small changes can lead to large changes in landfalling location and impact. Although scientists have only low confidence in the sign of projected changes to the coast of storm-related hazards that depend on a combination of factors such as frequency, track, intensity, and storm size, any sea-level rise is virtually certain to exacerbate storm-related hazards. High Confidence.
Although sea-level rise and climate change have occurred in the past, the increasing human presence in the coastal zone will make the impacts different
for the future. Land use and other human activities often inhibit the natural response of physical processes and adaptation by plants and animals. In some
areas, erosion and wetland loss are common because sediment budgets have been reduced, while, in other regions, excess sediment is in-filling harbors, channels, and bays. High Confidence.
Observations continue to indicate an ongoing, warming-induced intensification of the hydrologic cycle that will likely result in heavier precipitation events and, combined with sea-level rise and storm surge, an increased flooding severity in some coastal areas, particularly the northeast U.S. Moderate Confidence.
Temperature is primarily driving environmental change in the Alaskan coastal zone. Sea ice and permafrost make northern regions particularly susceptible to temperature change. For example, an increase of two degrees Celsius could basically transform much of Alaska from frozen to unfrozen, with extensive implications. Portions of the north and west coast of Alaska are seeing dramatic increases in the rate of coastal erosion and flooding due to sea ice loss and permafrost melting. As a consequence, several coastal communities are planning to relocate to safer locations. Relocation is a difficult decision that is likely to become more common in the future for many coastal regions. High Confidence.
Methane is a primary greenhouse gas. Large reserves of methane are bound-up in Alaska’s frozen permafrost. These are susceptible to disturbance and methane
release if the Arctic continues to warm. The additional methane released may result in even greater greenhouse warming of the atmosphere. High Confidence.
Summarizing his colonial nesting waterbird survey experiences along the northern \ncoast of the Gulf of Mexico in a paper presented to the Colonial Waterbird Group of the \nWaterbird Society (Portnoy 1978), bird biologist John W. Portnoy stated, “This huge \nconcentration of nesting waterbirds, restricted almost entirely to the wetlands and \nestuaries of southern Louisiana, is unmatched in all of North America; for example, a \n1975 inventory of wading birds along the Atlantic Coast from Maine to Florida [Custer \nand Osborn, in press], tallied 250,000 breeding [waterbirds] of 14 species, in contrast \nwith the 650,000 birds of 15 species just from Sabine Pass to Mobile Bay.” The “650,000 \nbirds” to which Portnoy referred, were tallied by him in a 1976 survey of coastal \nLouisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama (see below, under “Major Surveys” section).
\nAccording to the National Atlas of Coastal Waterbird Colonies in the Contiguous \nUnited States: 1976-82 (Spendelow and Patton 1988), the percentages of the total U.S. \npopulations of Laughing Gull (11%), Forster's Tern (52%), Royal Tern (16%), Sandwich \nTern (77%), and Black Skimmer (44%) which annually nest in Louisiana are significant – \nperhaps crucially so in the cases of Forster's Tern, Sandwich Tern, and Black Skimmer.
\nNearly three decades after Spendelow and Patton's determinations above, coastal \nLouisiana still stands out as the major center of colonial wading bird and seabird nesting \nin all of the United States. Within those three intervening decades, however, the\ncollective habitats which comprise Louisiana's now fragile coastal zone have taken major \nhits from commercial/residential, oil & gas, and other industrial development, primarily \nin the form of coastal erosion exacerbated by these and other factors (Portnoy 1978, \nSpendelow and Patton 1988, Martin and Lester 1990, Green, et al. 2006). Moreover, \nduring this same period, both geologic subsidence rates (Tornqvist et al. 2008) and mean \nsea-level (Tornqvist et al. 2002) have increased, along with significant tropical storm \nactivity; all of which have combined to impact available marsh, barrier island, beach, and \ndredge spoil nesting habitat for waterbirds, especially seabirds, throughout the coastal \nzone of Louisiana.
\nThe primary objective of this publication is to detail those coastal Louisiana \ncolonial seabird nesting sites for which we have reasonably accurate data, in a tabular, \nsite-by-site format. All major survey (1976-2008) data of site-by-site seabird species \ncounts, as well as several smaller data sets, referred to in the site history tables as \n“miscellaneous observations” obtained during the May-June seabird breeding period, are \nincluded.
\nIt is our hope that these data will provide a dependable foundation from which \nfuture colonial seabird nesting surveys might be planned and carried out, as well as \nshowcase the importance of coastal Louisiana's seabird rookeries, and contribute to their \nconservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary Program","publisherLocation":"Thibodaux, LA","usgsCitation":"Fontenot, W.R., Cardiff, S.W., DeMay, R.A., Dittmann, D.L., Hartley, S.B., Jeske, C.W., Lorenz, N., Michot, T.C., Purrington, R.D., Seymour, M.A., and Vermillion, W.G., 2012, A catalog of Louisiana's nesting seabird colonies: Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary Program Report 34, Report: 149 p.; Appendices.","productDescription":"Report: 149 p.; Appendices","numberOfPages":"237","ipdsId":"IP-045533","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":279157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":356898,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cdm16313.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p267101coll4/id/25523"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.9661,28.8639 ], [ -93.9661,31.1752 ], [ -88.7146,31.1752 ], [ -88.7146,28.8639 ], [ -93.9661,28.8639 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528c96a9e4b0c629af44dd8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fontenot, William R.","contributorId":102372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontenot","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cardiff, Steve W.","contributorId":73492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardiff","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeMay, Richard A.","contributorId":68641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMay","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dittmann, Donna L.","contributorId":17523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dittmann","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hartley, Stephen B. 0000-0003-1380-2769 hartleys@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-2769","contributorId":4164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartley","given":"Stephen","email":"hartleys@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jeske, Clinton W. jeskec@usgs.gov","contributorId":2982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeske","given":"Clinton","email":"jeskec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lorenz, Nicole","contributorId":16740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"Nicole","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Michot, Thomas C. 0000-0002-7044-987X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-987X","contributorId":57935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michot","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Purrington, Robert Dan","contributorId":11932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purrington","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Dan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Seymour, Michael A.","contributorId":38886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seymour","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Vermillion, William G.","contributorId":36042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vermillion","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70120698,"text":"70120698 - 2012 - Developing a national stream morphology data exchange: needs, challenges, and opportunities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T15:14:43","indexId":"70120698","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T14:41:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing a national stream morphology data exchange: needs, challenges, and opportunities","docAbstract":"Stream morphology data, primarily consisting of channel and foodplain geometry and bed material size measurements, historically have had a wide range of applications and uses including culvert/ bridge design, rainfall- runoff modeling, food inundation mapping (e.g., U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency food insurance studies), climate change studies, channel stability/sediment source investigations, navigation studies, habitat assessments, and landscape change research. The need for stream morphology data in the United States, and thus the quantity of data collected, has grown substantially over the past 2 decades because of the expanded interests of resource management agencies in watershed management and restoration. The quantity of stream morphology data collected has also increased because of state-of-the-art technologies capable of rapidly collecting high-resolution data over large areas with heretofore unprecedented precision. Despite increasing needs for and the expanding quantity of stream morphology data, neither common reporting standards nor a central data archive exist for storing and serving these often large and spatially complex data sets. We are proposing an open- access data exchange for archiving and disseminating stream morphology data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2012EO200005","usgsCitation":"Collins, M.J., Gray, J.R., Peppler, M.C., Fitzpatrick, F.A., and Schubauer-Berigan, J.P., 2012, Developing a national stream morphology data exchange: needs, challenges, and opportunities: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 93, no. 20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012EO200005.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"195","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292325,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012EO200005"}],"volume":"93","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ec6e4b0bfa1f993ef05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Mathias J.","contributorId":19086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Mathias","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peppler, Marie C. 0000-0002-1120-9673 mpeppler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-9673","contributorId":825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peppler","given":"Marie","email":"mpeppler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. fafitzpa@usgs.gov","contributorId":1182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph P.","contributorId":106220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubauer-Berigan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70118983,"text":"70118983 - 2012 - Social.Water - A crowdsourcing tool for environmental data acquisition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-04T10:00:29","indexId":"70118983","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-04T09:59:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Social.Water - A crowdsourcing tool for environmental data acquisition","docAbstract":"Remote telemetry has a long history of use for collection of environmental measurements. With the rise of mobile phones and SMS text-messaging capacity, many members of the general pubic carry communications equipment in their pockets at all times. Enabling the general public to provide environmental data through text messages has the potential both to provide additional data to scientific projects and also to raise awareness of the projects through participation. Hydrologic measurements – some of which can be made without training, involve a single measurement, and are often made in rural areas – are well-suited to text-message conveyance. Many other environmental measurements are similarly well-suited for this technology. Social.Water is a software package, written in Python, that collects, parses, and categorizes text messages sent to a dedicated phone number, updates a simple database, and posts both graphical results and the database on the Web. Social.Water was designed as the backend to the Crowdhydrology project and is written in an object-oriented design that makes customization and modification straightforward.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2012.06.015","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., and Lowry, C., 2012, Social.Water - A crowdsourcing tool for environmental data acquisition: Computers & Geosciences, v. 49, p. 164-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.06.015.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"169","ipdsId":"IP-038629","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291568,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291545,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.06.015"}],"volume":"49","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e09e5de4b0beb42bdca496","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowry, Christopher","contributorId":82232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowry","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70118359,"text":"70118359 - 2012 - Varying sediment sources (Hudson Strait, Cumberland Sound, Baffin Bay) to the NW Labrador Sea slope between and during Heinrich events 0 to 4","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T14:57:49","indexId":"70118359","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T14:52:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2437,"text":"Journal of Quaternary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Varying sediment sources (Hudson Strait, Cumberland Sound, Baffin Bay) to the NW Labrador Sea slope between and during Heinrich events 0 to 4","docAbstract":"Core HU97048-007PC was recovered from the continental Labrador Sea slope at a water depth of 945 m, 250 km seaward from the mouth of Cumberland Sound, and 400 km north of Hudson Strait. Cumberland Sound is a structural trough partly floored by Cretaceous mudstones and Paleozoic carbonates. The record extends from ∼10 to 58 ka. On-board logging revealed a complex series of lithofacies, including buff-colored detrital carbonate-rich sediments [Heinrich (H)-events] frequently bracketed by black facies. We investigate the provenance of these facies using quantitative X-ray diffraction on drill-core samples from Paleozoic and Cretaceous bedrock from the SE Baffin Island Shelf, and on the < 2-mm sediment fraction in a transect of five cores from Cumberland Sound to the NW Labrador Sea. A sediment unmixing program was used to discriminate between sediment sources, which included dolomite-rich sediments from Baffin Bay, calcite-rich sediments from Hudson Strait and discrete sources from Cumberland Sound. Results indicated that the bulk of the sediment was derived from Cumberland Sound, but Baffin Bay contributed to sediments coeval with H-0 (Younger Dryas), whereas Hudson Strait was the source during H-events 1–4. Contributions from the Cretaceous outcrops within Cumberland Sound bracket H-events, thus both leading and lagging Hudson Strait-sourced H-events.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Quaternary Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jqs.2535","usgsCitation":"Andrews, J.T., Barber, D., Jennings, A.E., Eberl, D.D., Maclean, B., Kirby, M., and Stoner, J., 2012, Varying sediment sources (Hudson Strait, Cumberland Sound, Baffin Bay) to the NW Labrador Sea slope between and during Heinrich events 0 to 4: Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 27, no. 5, p. 475-484, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2535.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"484","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00265/37644/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":291198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291197,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2535"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Hudson Strait;Cumberland Sound;Baffin Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.0,58.0 ], [ -75.0,70.0 ], [ -50.0,70.0 ], [ -50.0,58.0 ], [ -75.0,58.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f3c1e4b0bc0bec0a0b73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, John T.","contributorId":79678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, D.C.","contributorId":86504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jennings, A. E.","contributorId":66682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"A.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maclean, B.","contributorId":90652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maclean","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kirby, M.E.","contributorId":26986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stoner, J.S.","contributorId":29330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoner","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70118346,"text":"70118346 - 2012 - Peralkaline- and calc-alkaline-hosted volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of the Bonnifield District, East-Central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T12:07:12","indexId":"70118346","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T14:28:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peralkaline- and calc-alkaline-hosted volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of the Bonnifield District, East-Central Alaska","docAbstract":"Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag-Au deposits of the Bonnifield mining district formed during Late Devonian-Early Mississippian magmatism along the western edge of Laurentia. The largest deposits, Dry Creek and WTF, have a combined resource of 5.7 million tonnes at 10% Zn, 4% Pb, 0.3% Cu, 300 grams per tonne (g/t) Ag, and 1.6 g/t Au. These polymetallic deposits are hosted in high field strength element (HFSE)- and rare-earth element (REE)-rich peralkaline (pantelleritic) metarhyolite, and interlayered pyritic argillite and mudstone of the Mystic Creek Member of the Totatlanika Schist Formation. Mystic Creek metarhyolite and alkali basalt (Chute Creek Member) constitute a bimodal pair that formed in an extensional environment. A synvolcanic peralkaline quartz porphyry containing veins of fluorite, sphalerite, pyrite, and quartz intrudes the central footwall at Dry Creek. The Anderson Mountain deposit, located ~32 km to the southwest, occurs within calc-alkaline felsic to intermediate-composition metavolcanic rocks and associated graphitic argillite of the Wood River assemblage. Felsic metavolcanic rocks there have only slightly elevated HFSEs and REEs. The association of abundant graphitic and siliceous argillite with the felsic volcanic rocks together with low Cu contents in the Bonnifield deposits suggests classification as a siliciclastic-felsic type of VMS deposit.
Bonnifield massive sulfides and host rocks were metamorphosed and deformed under greenschist-facies conditions in the Mesozoic. Primary depositional textures, generally uncommon, consist of framboids, framboidal aggregates, and spongy masses of pyrite. Sphalerite, the predominant base metal sulfide, encloses early pyrite framboids. Galena and chalcopyrite accompanied early pyrite formation but primarily formed late in the paragenetic sequence. Silver-rich tetrahedrite is a minor late phase at the Dry Creek deposit. Gold and Ag are present in low to moderate amounts in pyrite from all of the deposits; electrum inclusions occur in Dry Creek sphalerite. Contents and ratios of trace elements in graphitic argillite that serve as proxies for the redox state of the bottom waters in the basin indicate that Dry Creek mineralization took place in suboxic to periodically anoxic bottom waters. Trace element data show higher contents of Tl-Mn-As in pyrite from the Anderson Mountain deposit compared to the Dry Creek or WTF deposits and thus suggest that Anderson Mountain may have formed at lower temperatures or under slightly more oxidizing conditions.
No exact modern analogue for the tectonic setting of the Bonnifield VMS deposits is known, although the back-arc regions of the Okinawa Trough and Woodlark Basin satisfy the requirement for a submarine, extensional setting adjacent to a continental margin. Limited occurrences of peralkaline volcanic rocks occur in these two potential analogues, but the peralkalinity of those rocks is much less than that of the Mystic Creek Member metarhyolites in the Bonnifield district. The highly elevated trace element (e.g., Zr, Nb) contents of Mystic Creek metarhyolites suggest that a better analogue may be a submarine rifted continental margin. The calc-alkaline composition of the host rocks to the Anderson Mountain deposit suggests that mineralization there formed in a continental margin arc, outboard of the extended continental margin setting of the peralkaline-hosted Dry Creek and WTF deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.107.7.1403","usgsCitation":"Dusel-Bacon, C., Foley, N.K., Slack, J.E., Koenig, A.E., and Oscarson, R.L., 2012, Peralkaline- and calc-alkaline-hosted volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of the Bonnifield District, East-Central Alaska: Economic Geology, v. 107, no. 7, p. 1403-1432, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.7.1403.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1403","endPage":"1432","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291191,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.7.1403"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bonnifield District","volume":"107","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f3c1e4b0bc0bec0a0b77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slack, John E.","contributorId":65774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koenig, Alan E. 0000-0002-5230-0924 akoenig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-0924","contributorId":1564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"Alan","email":"akoenig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oscarson, Robert L. roscarson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oscarson","given":"Robert","email":"roscarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70118333,"text":"70118333 - 2012 - Holocene seasonal variability inferred from multiple proxy records from Crevice Lake, Yellowstone National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T13:53:32","indexId":"70118333","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T13:49:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene seasonal variability inferred from multiple proxy records from Crevice Lake, Yellowstone National Park, USA","docAbstract":"A 9400-yr-old record from Crevice Lake, a semi-closed alkaline lake in northern Yellowstone National Park, was analyzed for pollen, charcoal, geochemistry, mineralogy, diatoms, and stable isotopes to develop a nuanced understanding of Holocene environmental history in a region of northern Rocky Mountains that receives both summer and winter precipitation. The limited surface area, conical bathymetry, and deep water (> 31 m) of Crevice Lake create oxygen-deficient conditions in the hypolimnion and preserve annually laminated sediment (varves) for much of the record. Pollen data indicate that the watershed supported a closed Pinus-dominated forest and low fire frequency prior to 8200 cal yr BP, followed by open parkland until 2600 cal yr BP, and open mixed-conifer forest thereafter. Fire activity shifted from infrequent stand-replacing fires initially to frequent surface fires in the middle Holocene and stand-replacing events in recent centuries. Low values of δ18O suggest high winter precipitation in the early Holocene, followed by steadily drier conditions after 8500 cal yr BP. Carbonate-rich sediments before 5000 cal yr BP imply warmer summer conditions than after 5000 cal yr BP. High values of molybdenum (Mo), uranium (U), and sulfur (S) indicate anoxic bottom-waters before 8000 cal yr BP, between 4400 and 3900 cal yr BP, and after 2400 cal yr BP. The diatom record indicates extensive water-column mixing in spring and early summer through much of the Holocene, but a period between 2200 and 800 cal yr BP had strong summer stratification, phosphate limitation, and oxygen-deficient bottom waters. Together, the proxy data suggest wet winters, protracted springs, and warm effectively wet summers in the early Holocene and less snowpack, cool springs, warm dry summers in the middle Holocene. In the late Holocene, the region and lake experienced extreme changes in winter, spring, and summer conditions, with particularly short springs and dry summers and winters during the Roman Warm Period (~ 2000 cal yr BP) and Medieval Climate Anomaly (1200–800 cal yr BP). Long springs and mild summers occurred during the Little Ice Age, and these conditions persist to the present. Although the proxy data indicate effectively wet summer conditions in the early Holocene and drier conditions in the middle and late Holocene, none point specifically to changes in summer precipitation as the cause. Instead, summer conditions were governed by multi-seasonal controls on effective moisture that operated over multiple time scales.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.03.001","usgsCitation":"Whitlock, C., Dean, W.E., Fritz, S.C., Stevens, L.R., Stone, J., Power, M.J., Rosenbaum, J.R., Pierce, K.L., and Bracht-Flyr, B.B., 2012, Holocene seasonal variability inferred from multiple proxy records from Crevice Lake, Yellowstone National Park, USA: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 331-332, p. 90-103, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.03.001.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"103","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub/388","text":"External Repository"},{"id":291184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291183,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.03.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Crevice Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.5799524,44.9991884 ], [ -110.5799524,45.0023427 ], [ -110.5759534,45.0023427 ], [ -110.5759534,44.9991884 ], [ -110.5799524,44.9991884 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"331-332","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f3c1e4b0bc0bec0a0b7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitlock, Cathy","contributorId":79745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitlock","given":"Cathy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":496778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fritz, Sherilyn C.","contributorId":30155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritz","given":"Sherilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevens, Lora R.","contributorId":34059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Lora","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stone, Jeffery R.","contributorId":95501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Jeffery R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Power, Mitchell J.","contributorId":79032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"Mitchell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rosenbaum, Joseph R.","contributorId":89461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pierce, Kenneth L. kpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Kenneth","email":"kpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bracht-Flyr, Brandi B.","contributorId":25877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bracht-Flyr","given":"Brandi","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70118308,"text":"70118308 - 2012 - Potentially bioavailable natural organic carbon and hydrolyzable amino acids in aquifer sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T12:55:10","indexId":"70118308","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T12:51:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potentially bioavailable natural organic carbon and hydrolyzable amino acids in aquifer sediments","docAbstract":"This study evaluated the relationship between concentrations of operationally defined potentially bioavailable organic -carbon (PBOC) and hydrolyzable amino acids (HAAs) in sediments collected from a diverse range of chloroethene--contaminated sites. Concentrations of PBOC and HAA were measured using aquifer sediment samples collected at six selected study sites. Average concentrations of total HAA and PBOC ranged from 1.96 ± 1.53 to 20.1 ± 25.6 mg/kg and 4.72 ± 0.72 to 443 ± 65.4 mg/kg, respectively. Results demonstrated a statistically significant positive relationship between concentrations of PBOC and total HAA present in the aquifer sediment (p < 0.05). Higher levels of HAA were consistently observed at sites with greater levels of PBOC and first-order decay rates. Because amino acids are known to be readily biodegradable carbon compounds, this relationship suggests that the sequential chemical extraction procedure used to measure PBOC is a useful indicator of bioavailable carbon in aquifer sediments. This, in turn, is consistent with the interpretation that PBOC measurements can be used for estimating the amount of natural organic carbon available for driving the reductive dechlorination of chloroethenes in groundwater systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2012.01406.x","usgsCitation":"Thomas, L.K., Widdowson, M.A., Novak, J.T., Chapelle, F.H., Benner, R., and Kaiser, K., 2012, Potentially bioavailable natural organic carbon and hydrolyzable amino acids in aquifer sediments: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 32, no. 4, p. 92-95, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2012.01406.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"95","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291158,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2012.01406.x"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f3c1e4b0bc0bec0a0b7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Lashun K.","contributorId":58507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Lashun","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Widdowson, Mark A.","contributorId":90379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widdowson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Novak, John T.","contributorId":41753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novak","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Benner, Ronald","contributorId":57380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benner","given":"Ronald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kaiser, Karl","contributorId":80520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}