Floods occurred in Texas during, June, July, and November 1940 that exceeded known stages on many small streams and at a few places on the larger streams. Stages at several stream-gaging stations exceeded the maximum known at those places since the collection of daily records began. A storm, haying its axis generally on a north-south line from Cameron to Victoria and extending across the Brazos, Colorado, Lavaca, and Guadalupe River Basins, caused heavy rainfall over a large part of south-central Texas. The maximum recorded rain of 22.7 inches for the 2-day period June 29-30 occurred at Engle. Of this amount, 17.5 inches fell in the 12-hour period between 8 p.m. June 29, and 8 a.m. June 30. Light rains fell at a number of places on June 28, and additional light rains fell at many places within the area from July 1 to 4. During the period June 28 to July 4 more than 20 inches of rain fell over an area of 300 square miles, more than 15 inches over 1,920 square miles, and more than 10 inches over 5,100 square miles. The average annual rainfall for the area experiencing the heaviest rainfall during this storm is about 35 inches. Farming is largely confined to the fertile flood plains in much of the area subjected to the record-breaking floods in June and July. Therefore these floods, coming at the height of the growing season, caused severe losses to crops. Much damage was done also to highways and railways. The city of Hallettsville suffered the greatest damage of any urban area. The Lavaca River at that place reached a stage 8 feet higher than ever known before, drowned several people, destroyed many homes, and submerged almost the entire business district. The maximum discharge there was 93,100 second-feet from a drainage area of 101 square miles. Dry Creek near Smithville produced a maximum discharge of 1,879 second-feet from an area of 1.48 square miles and a runoff of 11.3 inches in a 2-day period from a rainfall of 19.5 inches. The area in the Colorado River Basin between Smithville and La Grange, amounting to 550 square miles, had an average rainfall of 19.3 inches, of which 11.5 inches appeared as runoff. The maximum discharge at La Grange was 182,000 second-feet, with much the greater part coming from below Smithville. This is probably a record-breaking flood for the area between Smithville and La Grange, but stages as much as 16 feet higher have occurred at La Grange. Heavy rainfall over the east half of Texas November 21-26 caused large floods in all streams in Texas east of the Guadalupe River. The maximum recorded rainfall for the 2-day period November 24-25 was 20.46 inches at Hempstead, of which 16.00 inches fell in 24 hours or less. The storm occurred during the period November 20-26, with the greater part of the rain falling November 23-25. During the period November 20-26, rainfall in Texas amounted to more than 15 inches over an area of 3,380 square miles, and 'to more than 10 inches over an area of 17,570 square miles. The average annual rainfall for the area in Texas experiencing more than 10 inches of rain during this storm ranges from 501 inches on the east border of the State to 35 inches near the west edge of the area. The study of this storm for the purposes of this report is limited to the San Jacinto River Basin, which had an average rainfall of 13.6 inches. This basin has an area of 2,791 square miles above the gaging station near Huffman and is typical in topographic and hydrologic features of much of eastern Texas. The stage reached at the gage near Huffman was about 1 foot higher than known before, the maximum discharge was 253,000 second-feet, and the runoff from the storm amounted to 8.8 inches. The November flood came after crops had been harvested, and its damage was mainly the destruction of highways and railways and the drowning of livestock. The storage reservoirs on the Colorado River located well upstream from the storm areas herein studied had very little effect on
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1047","usgsCitation":"Sundstrom, R.W., Hastings, W., and Broadhurst, W., 1948, Public water supplies in eastern Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1047, xi, 285 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1047.","productDescription":"xi, 285 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":29223,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1047/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1047/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db65677e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sundstrom, Raymond W.","contributorId":8080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundstrom","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hastings, W.W.","contributorId":11203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Broadhurst, W. L.","contributorId":55414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broadhurst","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1990,"text":"wsp995 - 1948 - Index to river surveys made by the United States Geological Survey and other agencies, revised to July 1, 1947","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T21:49:50.877687","indexId":"wsp995","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"995","title":"Index to river surveys made by the United States Geological Survey and other agencies, revised to July 1, 1947","docAbstract":"The descriptive list of surveys of rivers in the United States issued by the United States Geological Survey in 1926 as Water-Supply Paper 558 comprised surveys by the Geological Survey and other Federal bureaus and by State, semiofficial, and private agencies. Since then many additional river surveys, most of them now available in published sheets, have been completed by the Geological Survey, and four supplemental lists describing them have been issued in mimeographed form. The first supplement was compiled by B. E. Jones in 1934, the second by R. O. Helland and D. M. Paul in 1938, the third by R. O. Helland in 1940, and the fourth by L. L. Young and N. J. Tubbs in 1944. The present compilation adds to the preliminary index the material issued in the supplements and later information concerning revisions and availability of maps.
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These were records of floods on the Arkansas and Republican Rivers in 1826. Other floods noted by traders, hunters and emigrants, some of whom were on their way to the Far West, occurred in 1844 on the Arkansas River, and by inference on the South Platte River. Other early floods were those on the Purgatoire, the Lower Arkansas, and the San Juan Rivers about 1859. The most serious flood since settlement began was that on the Arkansas River during June 1921, which caused the loss of about 100 lives and an estimated property loss of $19,000,000. Many floods of lesser magnitude have occurred, and some of these have caused loss of life and very considerable property damage. Topography is the chief factor in determining the location of storms and resulting floods. These occur most frequently on the eastern slope of the Front Range. In the mountains farther west precipitation is insufficient to cause floods except during periods of melting snow, in June. In the southwestern part of the State, where precipitation during periods of melting snow is insufficient to cause floods, the severest floods yet experienced resulted from heavy rains in September 1909 and October 1911. \r\n\r\nIn the eastern foothills region, usually below an altitude of about 7,500 feet and extending for a distance of about 50 miles east of the mountains, is a zone subject to rainfalls of great intensity known as cloudbursts. These cloudbursts are of short duration and are confined to very small areas. At times the intensity is so great as to make breathing difficult for those exposed to a storm. The areas of intense rainfall are so small that Weather Bureau precipitation stations have not been located in them. Local residents, being cloudburst conscious, frequently measure the rainfall in receptacles in their yards, and such records constitute the only source of information regarding the intensity. \r\n\r\nA flood resulting from a cloudburst rises so quickly that it is usually described as a 'wall of water.' It has a peak duration of only a few minutes, followed by a rapid subsidence. Nearly 90 cloudburst floods in Colorado are described in varying detail in this report. The earliest recorded cloudburst--called at that time a waterspout--occurred in Golden Gate Gulch, July 14, 1872. The 'wall of water' was described as a 'perpendicular breast of 10 or 12 feet.' A cloudburst flood on Kiowa Creek in May 1878 caused the loss of a standard-gage locomotive, and although search was made by means of long metallic rods, the locomotive was never recovered, as bedrock was about 50 feet below the creek bed. All available information relative to floods in Colorado, beginning with the flood of 1826 on the Arkansas River, is presented in this report, although for many of the earlier floods estimates of discharge are lacking. Floods throughout a large part of the State have occurred in 1844, June 1864, June 1884, May 1894, and June 1921. The highest floods of record were on the larger streams and occurred as follows: South Platte River, June 1921; Rio Grande, June 1927; Colorado River, June and July 1884; San Juan River, October 1911. \r\n\r\nThe greatest floods on the plains streams occurred during May and June 1935 and were caused by cloudbursts. Ranchers living in the vicinity noted rainfalls as high as 24 inches in a 13-hour period, measurements being made in a stock tank. The effect of settlement on channel capacities can be clearly traced. When settlement began, and with it the beginning of the livestock industry, the plains were thickly covered with a luxuriant growth of grasses. With the development of the livestock industry the grass cover was grazed so closely that it afforded little protection against erosion during the violent rains and resulting floods. The intensive grazing packed the soil so hard as to increase greatly the percentage of rainfall that entered the streams. 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1948 - Floods of the Puyallup and Chehalis River Basins, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp968B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"968","chapter":"B","title":"Floods of the Puyallup and Chehalis River Basins, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp968B","usgsCitation":"Anderson, I.E., 1948, Floods of the Puyallup and Chehalis River Basins, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 968, 61-124 p. :ill., maps (1 folded) ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp968B.","productDescription":"61-124 p. :ill., maps (1 folded) ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0968b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25445,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0968b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df861","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Irving Elmer","contributorId":25544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"Elmer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16649,"text":"ofr483 - 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1948 - Translations of five French papers released","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14368,"text":"ofr4817B - 1948 - Special problem caused by the epigenetic alterations of Liassic rocks","indexId":"ofr4817B","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Special problem caused by the epigenetic alterations of Liassic rocks"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":17787,"text":"ofr4817AE - 1948 - Translations of five French papers released","indexId":"ofr4817AE","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"chapter":"A-E","title":"Translations of five French papers released"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":14756,"text":"ofr4817E - 1948 - Tests and researches on building stones","indexId":"ofr4817E","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Tests and researches on building stones"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":17787,"text":"ofr4817AE - 1948 - Translations of five French papers released","indexId":"ofr4817AE","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"chapter":"A-E","title":"Translations of five French papers released"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":14777,"text":"ofr4817A - 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Most of the mines lie within a belt, 10 to 100 miles wide, that extends\nalong the southeast front of the .:Appalachian Mountains from the Great Falls of the Potomac River to east-central Alabama, in the gently sloping region known as the Piedmont. The field work was done during parts of 1934 and 1935, on funds allotted by the Public Works Administration.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp213","usgsCitation":"Pardee, J.T., and Park, C.F., 1948, Gold deposits of the southern Piedmont: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 213, Report: viii, 156 p.; 41 Plates: 25.85 x 58.54 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp213.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 156 p.; 41 Plates: 25.85 x 58.54 inches or 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States","state":"Alabama;Georgia;North Carolina;South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Southern Piedmont","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.21,32.33 ], [ -86.21,36.16 ], [ -80.43,36.16 ], [ -80.43,32.33 ], [ -86.21,32.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db674155","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pardee, J. T.","contributorId":66220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pardee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Park, C. F. Jr.","contributorId":90277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39260,"text":"pp215 - 1948 - Geology of the Southern Guadalupe Mountains, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T15:17:55","indexId":"pp215","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"215","title":"Geology of the Southern Guadalupe Mountains, Texas","docAbstract":"This report deals with an area of 425 square miles in the western part of Texas, immediately south of the New Mexico line. The area comprises the south end of the Guadalupe Mountains and the adjacent part of the Delaware Mountains; it includes the highest peaks in the State of Texas. The area is a segment of a large mountain mass that extends 50 miles or more northward and southward. The report describes the geology of the area, that is, the nature of its rocks, tectonics, and surface features, and the evidence that they give as to the evolution of the area through geologic time. Incidental reference is made to the geology of surrounding regions in order to place the area in its environment.
The Permian system of the southwestern United States has been until recently one of the intriguing but little known subjects of American stratigraphy. In the latter half of the nineteenth century after the western. United States was settled, the \"red bed\" sections of the Permian were studied and reported on by many geologists, but up to 1920 the existence of a contemporaneous marine sequence in western Texas and southeastern New Mexico was little appreciated. Since that year the discovery of extensive oil fields and potash beds in this region gave an impetus to the study of the Permian rocks, and furnished the geologist with records of hundreds of drill holes from which to deduce the nature of the strata not exposed at the surface. At the same time geologists have studied the rocks in the outcropping areas, and have compared them with the strata encountered by drilling.
Much remains to be done in order to understand the history of Permian time in the region. The physical and chemical conditions that caused. the deposition of .the various and often complexly related deposits need to be better understood. More of the fossils of the rich and interesting marine faunas should be described, and the relations of the fossils to their environments should be determined. Further, a satisfactory scheme of correlation is needed, and also a subdivision into series that will express the contemporaneity of strata in different areas. One useful contribution to the solution of these problems is the detailed study of sequences of rocks exposed at the surface in the different mountain ranges of Texas and New Mexico.
This report deals with one such sequence of rocks in western Texas, the one exposed in the southern Guadalupe Mountains (fig. 1). Here, the Permian rocks are magnificently exposed, to a thickness of about 4,000 feet (pl. 1). They are all of marine origin, and belong to the middle part of the system, with the base concealed and the top absent. Overlying and underlying beds, however, are found in nearby areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp215","usgsCitation":"King, P., 1948, Geology of the Southern Guadalupe Mountains, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 215, Report: vi, 183 p.; 13 Plates: 44.74 x 37.71 inches or less, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp215.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 183 p.; 13 Plates: 44.74 x 37.71 inches or less","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":104381,"rank":699,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4205.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4205"},{"id":123247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0215/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":340358,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0215/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340359,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0215/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340360,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0215/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340361,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0215/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340362,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0215/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340363,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0215/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340364,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0215/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340365,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0215/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340366,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0215/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340367,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0215/plate-20.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340368,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0215/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340369,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0215/plate-22.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340370,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0215/plate-21.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340371,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0215/plate-23.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.5,\n 31.7\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 31.7\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 32.025\n ],\n [\n -104.5,\n 32.025\n ],\n [\n -104.5,\n 31.7\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e48a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Philip B.","contributorId":34580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Philip B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39297,"text":"pp199B - 1948 - Mollusca from the Miocene and lower Pliocene of Virginia and North Carolina, Part 2, Scaphopoda and Gastropoda","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:19","indexId":"pp199B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"199","chapter":"B","title":"Mollusca from the Miocene and lower Pliocene of Virginia and North Carolina, Part 2, Scaphopoda and Gastropoda","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp199B","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J., 1948, Mollusca from the Miocene and lower Pliocene of Virginia and North Carolina, Part 2, Scaphopoda and Gastropoda: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 199, p. 179-297, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp199B.","productDescription":"p. 179-297","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0199b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67068,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0199b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6992a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, Julia","contributorId":53857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Julia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}