The Wadena area is part of a large sandy plain in central Minnesota whose soils have low water-holding capacity. Drought conditions which adversely affect plant growth frequently occur in the summer when moisture is most needed. To reduce the risk of crop failure in the area supplemental irrigation is on the increase.
\nThis study was made to evaluate the ground-water resources of the area and to determine possible effects of development on them. About half the area's approximately 102,000 acres is considered irrigable at the present time. In 1967, about 1,100 acres were under irrigation.
\nOutwash sand and gravel, which forms the water-table aquifer, is the main source of water presently known. Saturated thickness ranges from 0 to 70 feet and averages about 36 feet. Sandy till underlies the outwash. Within the till are sand and gravel lenses whose distribution and water-yielding characteristics were not determined.
\nAverage annual precipitation at the U.S. Weather Bureau station in Wadena from 1934 to 1967 was 26.4 inches, of which about 22.5 inches was lost by evapotranspiration, and the balance of 3.9 inches was surface runoff. Even in wet years, evapotranspiration during the .summer months exceeds precipitation, and a moisture deficiency for optimum plant growth occurs.
\nIn 1967, about 8 inches of the total precipitation of 19.3 inches reached the water table. Recharge to the water table in 1967 was about 70,000 acre-feet.
\nResult of field aquifer (pumping) tests were used to estimate transmissivity values at test-hole sites. Information gained by auger test drilling was the basis for estimating transmissivity values elsewhere. Transmissivity of the watertable aquifer in most of the Wadena area ranges from 15,000 to 120,000 gallons per day per foot. A map was prepared to show the maximum yield, in gallons per minute, which might be obtained from individual wells completed in the water-table aquifer. The map indicates that in about 60 percent of the area, individual wells can be pumped at rates greater than 300 gallons per minute for a 30-day period if drawdown in the pumped well is two-thirds the saturated thickness after correction for dewatering.
\nQuality of both ground and surface waters is such that they are well suited for irrigation. Locally, nitrate concentrations in ground water, in excess of the U.S. Public Health Service's drinking water standards, might be related to a local source of organic pollution or to the increased use of fertilizers which accompanies irrigation.
\nAn electric analog model of the water-table aquifer in the Wadena area was built and used to analyze possible effects of ground-water development of the hydrologic system. The model was designed to .simulate existing hydrologic conditions and used to predict changes in the system which might result from development. The withdrawal of large quantities of ground water would lower the water table, thereby reducing evapotranspiration losses and making more water available for beneficial use. Additional water would be salvaged when normal ground-water discharge to streams is intercepted by pumping from wells.
\nAnalyses were made to determine effects of development on ground-water levels under different development schemes both after a single irrigation season and after 5 and 20 successive years of irrigation. Where development is concentrated, some interference between wells can be expected. Although water levels recover rapidly when pumps are shut off, recovery will not be complete prior to the next irrigation season in heavily developed areas. After several years of watertable lowering, yields from wells will decrease because of deceased saturated thickness, unless climatic changes result in abnormally high amounts of recharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1983","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Central Minnesota Resource Conservation and Development Project and the Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Waters, Soils and Minerals","usgsCitation":"Lindholm, F., 1970, An appraisal of ground water for irrigation in the Wadena area, central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1983, Document: v, 56 p.; 12 Plates: 24 x 19 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1983.","productDescription":"Document: v, 56 p.; 12 Plates: 24 x 19 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27719,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1983/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27720,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1983/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27723,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1983/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27722,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1983/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27724,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1983/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27712,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1983/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27713,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1983/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1983/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27721,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1983/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27714,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1983/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27715,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1983/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27716,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1983/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27717,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1983/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27718,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1983/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Wadena area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.25,\n 46.541667\n ],\n [\n -95.25,\n 46.316667\n ],\n [\n -94.75,\n 46.316667\n ],\n [\n -94.75,\n 46.541667\n ],\n [\n -95.25,\n 46.541667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindholm, F.G.","contributorId":41807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindholm","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1670,"text":"wsp1984 - 1970 - Hydrologic effects of floodwater-retarding structures on Garza-Little Elm Reservoir, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T20:01:38.704886","indexId":"wsp1984","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1984","title":"Hydrologic effects of floodwater-retarding structures on Garza-Little Elm Reservoir, Texas","docAbstract":"The Texas District of the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey has collected and analyzed hydrologic data since 1953 to define the effects of systems of floodwater-retarding structures on downstream water and sediment yield. The district project includes 11 study areas ranging from 18 to 80 square miles in size and from 0 to 67 in percent of study area controlled by floodwaterretarding structures. The 11 study areas are within that part of Texas where the west-to-east average annual runoff ranges from about 2 to 7 inches. This report presents results of analyses, development of methodolgy, and results of application of methods for defining the downstream effects of systems of floodwaterretarding structures.
\nAnnual inflow to and outflow from the system of floodwater-retarding reservoirs in seven of the 11 study areas were found to be related by the equation: O=0.98/ 0.68, where O is annual outflow, in inches, and / is annual net inflow, in inches. Transmission loss of structure outflow to the downstream study-area stream-gaging station was determined and compared with the transmission loss of natural flood flow between tandem stream-gaging stations on Denton Creek, a tributary to Elm Fork Trinity River above Dallas.
\nTrap efficiency of most floodwater-retarding structures was found by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service to be about 97 percent. Downstream increases in suspended-sediment concentration in the outflow were found to be large in a study area with mostly silt and clay sediments, but even a large increase in suspendedsediment concentration did not represent a significant quantitative pickup of sediment by the outflow water.
\nWater consumption in floodwater-retarding reservoirs from the combined actions of evaporation, evapotranspiration, and seepage was found to be as much as twice the average annual consumption attributable to evaporation alone. Average annual consumption in reservoirs in the seven study areas analyzed ranged from 1.57 inches of equivalent runoff in the easternmost study area, where annual runoff averaged 6.96 inches, to 0.77 inch of equivalent runoff in the westernmost study area, where the average annual runoff was 2.35 inches. The effect of consumption on downstream flow is partially offset by rainfall on pool surface. Studies covering as much as 15 years of streamflow record at the stream-gaging stations that gage outflow from the Deep and Honey Creek study areas indicated no increase in base flow.
\nMultiple-linear-regression techniques were used in developing methodology to determine reservoir consumption in seven study areas. The physical and climatic fnctors influencing consumption were grouped as variables in regard to their relative effect on the actions of evaporation, evapotranspiration, and seepage. The resulting generalized equation was then used in synthesizing the consumptive effects of a planned system of 162 floodwater-retarding reservoirs controlling 26 percent of a 1,660-square-mile drainage basin upstream from a major water-supply reservoir. The analyses were based on the assumption that all water consumed at the floodwater-retarding reservoirs would have reached the downstream watersupply reservoir. Water-sediment discharge relationships were derived for the runoff into the structures as well as for the runoff through and below the structures. A mathematical response model of the floodwater-retarding reservoir systems and the entire drainage basin was computer programed to yield monthly water and sediment inflow to the water-supply reservoir.
\nResults of the response model showed that with full development, depletion of annual yield to the large reservoir would be as much as 10 percent in the early years; but after the permanent pools of the floodwater-retarding structures had mostly filled with sediment, depletion of annual yield would be generally less than 1 percent. The depletion of yield to Garza-Little Elm Reservoir during the 39-year synthesized period of study was estimated as 296,800 acre-feet out of 18,256,000 acre-feet total yield. During the same period, the floodwater-retarding structures were estimated to have kept 19,700 acre-feet of sediment from being deposited in the reservoir.
\n\"Firm\"- or \"critical\"-yield studies were made of the large reservoir on the basis of two sets of conditions : with floodwater-retarding structures in the drainage basin, and without such structures. Results of the firm-yield studies indicated that with full development, annual firm yield would be initially reduced by 10 percent. After 30 or more years, when the permanent pools of the floodwaterretarding reservoirs would be mostly filled with sediment, the firm yield would be almost the same with or without the upstream development.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1984","usgsCitation":"Gilbert, C.R., and Sauer, S.P., 1970, Hydrologic effects of floodwater-retarding structures on Garza-Little Elm Reservoir, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1984, Report: vii, 95 p.; 3 Plates: 39.48 x 33.34 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1984.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 95 p.; 3 Plates: 39.48 x 33.34 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414124,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25366.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":94719,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1984/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94718,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1984/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138233,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1984/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26745,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1984/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94717,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1984/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Garza-Little Elm Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.775,\n 33.083\n ],\n [\n -96.775,\n 33.625\n ],\n [\n -97.617,\n 33.625\n ],\n [\n -97.617,\n 33.083\n ],\n [\n -96.775,\n 33.083\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60703b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilbert, Clarence R.","contributorId":30965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Clarence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, Stanley P.","contributorId":38966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3030,"text":"wsp1899G - 1970 - Measurement of mixing characteristics of the Missouri River between Sioux City, Iowa, and Plattsmouth, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:46","indexId":"wsp1899G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1899","chapter":"G","title":"Measurement of mixing characteristics of the Missouri River between Sioux City, Iowa, and Plattsmouth, Nebraska","docAbstract":"Measurements of longitudinal dispersion, transverse mixing, channel geometry, and transverse velocity distribution were made in the Missouri River at a flow of about 33,000 cubic feet per second. The results show that the longitudinal dispersion coefficient for the 141-mile reach from Sioux City, Iowa, to Plattsmouth, Nebr., is about 16,000 square feet per second (approximately 5,600 U*d, where U* is the shear velocity and d is mean depth). The transverse mixing coefficient, Ez, for a 6-mile reach immediately downstream from Blair, Nebr., is about 1.3 square feet per second (approximately 0.6 U*d). The value of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient is one of the largest ever measured, and the value of the ratio Ez/U*d is approximately three times as large as that frequently reported for small straight channels.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1899G","usgsCitation":"Yotsukura, N., Fischer, H.B., and Sayre, W., 1970, Measurement of mixing characteristics of the Missouri River between Sioux City, Iowa, and Plattsmouth, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1899, iv, 29 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1899G.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29861,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db6110ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yotsukura, Nobuhiro","contributorId":81884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yotsukura","given":"Nobuhiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, Hugo B.","contributorId":36542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Hugo","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sayre, William W.","contributorId":93894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayre","given":"William W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":42622,"text":"ofr70164 - 1970 - Preliminary surficial geologic map of the South Canaan quadrangle, Litchfield County, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:30","indexId":"ofr70164","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-164","title":"Preliminary surficial geologic map of the South Canaan quadrangle, Litchfield County, Connecticut","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr70164","usgsCitation":"Holmes, G.W., Newman, W.S., and Melvin, R., 1970, Preliminary surficial geologic map of the South Canaan quadrangle, Litchfield County, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-164, 1 map + 1 explanation sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70164.","productDescription":"1 map + 1 explanation sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":80399,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0164/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":80400,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0164/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":80401,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0164/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6271eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, G. William","contributorId":37404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newman, Walter S.","contributorId":10092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melvin, Robert L.","contributorId":96277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melvin","given":"Robert L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38843,"text":"pp537E - 1970 - Chronological narrative of the 1959-60 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:15","indexId":"pp537E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"537","chapter":"E","title":"Chronological narrative of the 1959-60 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp537E","usgsCitation":"Richter, D., Eaton, J.P., Murata, K.J., Ault, W., and Krivoy, H., 1970, Chronological narrative of the 1959-60 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 537, vi, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp537E.","productDescription":"vi, 73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0537e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65804,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0537e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e1fd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, D.H.","contributorId":43325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":220528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, J. P.","contributorId":105313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murata, K. J.","contributorId":18759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murata","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ault, W.U.","contributorId":39030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ault","given":"W.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krivoy, H.L.","contributorId":83186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krivoy","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":33660,"text":"b1322 - 1970 - Stripping-coal resources of the United States; January 1, 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:22","indexId":"b1322","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1322","title":"Stripping-coal resources of the United States; January 1, 1970","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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