The disposal of more than 1,400 million pounds of solid wastes in the United States each day is a major problem. This disposal in turn often leads to serious health, esthetic, and environmental problems. Among these is the pollution of vital ground-water resources.
\nOf the six principal methods of solid-waste disposal in general use today, four methods-open dumps, sanitary landfill, incineration, and onsite disposal-carry an inherent potential for pollution of water resources. Seepage of rainwater through the wastes leaches undesirable constituents which reach the ground water in the area. This leachate is generally both biologically and chemically contaminated.
\nThe extent of the pollution from this leachate is largely dependent upon the geologic environment in which the solid wastes are deposited. Pollution potential is highest in permeable areas with a shallow water table where the wastes are in direct contact with the ground water. In a relatively impermeable area, the pollution is generally confined locally to the vicinity of the waste-disposal site.
\nSite selection for disposal of solid wastes must be based on adequate water-resources information if pollutional potential is to be minimized. This will require regional as well as localized data on the water resources of the area. Only through such an approach can adequate protection be afforded to the environment in general and the water resources in particular.
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Chapter A, to be published later in the year, will present a summary of significant results of work done in fiscal year 1970, together with lists of investigations in progress, reports published, cooperating agencies, and Geological Survey offices.
\"Geological Survey Research 1970\" is the eleventh volume of the annual series Geological Survey Research. The ten volumes already published are listed below, with their series designations.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1929","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 11. Pacific slope basins in California, Volume 2. Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon state line except Central Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1929, Report: 673 p.; 1 Plate: 20.50 × 35.44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1929.","productDescription":"Report: 673 p.; 1 Plate: 20.50 × 35.44 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":29970,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1929/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29969,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1929/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1929/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":110045,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25153.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25153"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -120.36621093749999,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -120.36621093749999,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 34.95799531086792\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af8e4b07f02db69428e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3088,"text":"wsp1925 - 1970 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 9. Colorado River basin, Volume 2. Colorado River basin from Green River to Compact Point","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T20:25:13.975014","indexId":"wsp1925","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1925","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 9. Colorado River basin, Volume 2. Colorado River basin from Green River to Compact Point","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1925","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 9. Colorado River basin, Volume 2. Colorado River basin from Green River to Compact Point: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1925, Report: 618 p.; 1 Plate: 19.00 × 32.15 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1925.","productDescription":"Report: 618 p.; 1 Plate: 19.00 × 32.15 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1925/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29967,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1925/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29968,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1925/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":392463,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25149.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.250,\n 35.525\n ],\n [\n -106.692,\n 35.525\n ],\n [\n -106.692,\n 43.396\n ],\n [\n -112.250,\n 43.396\n ],\n [\n -112.250,\n 35.525\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af6e4b07f02db692a93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3087,"text":"wsp1923 - 1970 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65: Part 8, western Gulf of Mexico basins: Volume 2, basins from Lavaca River to Rio Grande","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T21:15:35.313638","indexId":"wsp1923","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1923","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65: Part 8, western Gulf of Mexico basins: Volume 2, basins from Lavaca River to Rio Grande","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1923","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65: Part 8, western Gulf of Mexico basins: Volume 2, basins from Lavaca River to Rio Grande: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1923, Report: ix, 786 p.; 1 Plate: 30.00 × 36.24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1923.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 786 p.; 1 Plate: 30.00 × 36.24 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110040,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25147.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25147"},{"id":138639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1923/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1923/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29965,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1923/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"western Gulf of Mexico basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 38.376\n ],\n [\n -108.444,\n 38.376\n ],\n [\n -108.444,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 26\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db69294a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2889,"text":"wsp1899B - 1970 - Water resources of Lee County, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:35","indexId":"wsp1899B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1899","chapter":"B","title":"Water resources of Lee County, Mississippi","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1899B","usgsCitation":"Wasson, B.E., and Thomson, F., 1970, Water resources of Lee County, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1899, vi, 63 p. :illus., maps. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1899B.","productDescription":"vi, 63 p. :illus., maps. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29534,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f07af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wasson, B. E.","contributorId":11204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wasson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomson, F.H.","contributorId":8132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3369,"text":"cir629 - 1970 - Water laws and concepts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-25T12:59:32","indexId":"cir629","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"629","title":"Water laws and concepts","docAbstract":"Throughout human history various laws and customs have developed concerning the individual rights and rights in common to the waters of the earth. Many existing laws and concepts are clearly influenced by the environment in which they originated and reflect the relative abundance or scarcity of water. Many concepts reflect the people's original interests in the water and once established have been passed from generation to generation with little modification. Some laws and concepts have been carried by people in their migrations and colonial expansions to vastly different environments, with rather curious consequences. In many places water laws that had been well adapted to the natural environment have become less tenable because of man's activities in modifying that environment, or because of increasing use of water: Increasing consumptive use shifts the water economy toward lesser abundance or increasing deficiency; increasing nonconsumptive use results in pollution of the water resources, so that they become less suitable for other users. The water-rights systems in the United States vary from State to State: some are reasonably fitted to their environment, some have outlived their place in history, some are wasteful of water, some show favoritism to certain special interests or segments of the population. Water-use rights are universally recognized as real property, with constitutional protection against deprivation without due process of law.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir629","usgsCitation":"Thomas, H.E., 1970, Water laws and concepts: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 629, iii, 18 p. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir629.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30379,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1970/0629/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1970/0629/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a081","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, H. E.","contributorId":12829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3251,"text":"cir636 - 1970 - A review of water resources of the Umiat area, northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:21","indexId":"cir636","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"636","title":"A review of water resources of the Umiat area, northern Alaska","docAbstract":"Surface-water supplies from the Colville River, small tributary creeks, and lakes are abundant in summer but limited in winter by low or zero flow in streams and thick ice cover on lakes. \r\n\r\nFresh ground water occurs in unfrozen zones in alluvium and in the upper part of bedrock beneath the Colville River and beneath lakes that do not freeze to the bottom in winter. These unfrozen zones, forming depressions in the upper surface of permafrost, are maintained by flow of heat from bodies of surface water into subjacent alluvium and bedrock. \r\n\r\nBrackish or saline ground water occurs in bedrock beneath as much as 1,055 feet of permafrost in the Arctic foothills and beneath 750 to 800 feet of permafrost beneath low terraces of the Colville River valley. The foothill area is unfavorable for developing supplies of potable ground water because of the great depth to water, predominance of brackish or saline water, and low potential yield of the bedrock. In the Colville River valley, shallow unfrozen alluvium beneath the river and deep lakes will yield abundant year-round supplies of ground water, but the bedrock below permafrost yields less than 10 gpm (gallons per minute) of saline or brackish water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir636","usgsCitation":"Williams, J.R., 1970, A review of water resources of the Umiat area, northern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 636, iii, 8 p. :maps ;27 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir636.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p. :maps ;27 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1970/0636/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30247,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1970/0636/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a76fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John R.","contributorId":107260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":146517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3090,"text":"wsp1931 - 1970 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 11. Pacific slope basins in California, Volume 4. Northern Central Valley basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T20:09:22.744141","indexId":"wsp1931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1931","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 11. Pacific slope basins in California, Volume 4. Northern Central Valley basins","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1931","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 11. Pacific slope basins in California, Volume 4. Northern Central Valley basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1931, 611 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1931.","productDescription":"611 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":29971,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1931/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1931/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":392460,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25155.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -120.1904296875,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -120.1904296875,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 37.579412513438385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af8e4b07f02db694235","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}