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Groundwater provides nearly 50 percent of the Nation’s drinking water. To help protect this vital resource, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project assesses groundwater quality in aquifers that are important sources of drinking water (Burow and Belitz, 2014). The Biscayne aquifer constitutes one of the important aquifers being evaluated.

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NAWQA Chief Scientist
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U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 413
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Groundwater provides nearly 50 percent of the Nation’s drinking water. To help protect this vital resource, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project assesses groundwater quality in aquifers that are important sources of drinking water (Burow and Belitz, 2014). The Ozark Plateaus aquifer system constitutes one of the important aquifer systems being evaluated.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20193057","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Program
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NAWQA Chief Scientist
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U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 413
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Groundwater provides nearly 50 percent of the Nation’s drinking water. To help protect this vital resource, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project assesses groundwater quality in aquifers that are important sources of drinking water. The Columbia Plateau basaltic-rock aquifers constitute one of the important resources being evaluated.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20193058","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Program
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NAWQA Chief Scientist
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Groundwater provides nearly 50 percent of the Nation’s drinking water. To help protect this vital resource, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project assesses groundwater quality in aquifers that are important sources of drinking water. The High Plains aquifer constitutes one of the important aquifers being evaluated.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20193055","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Program
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NAWQA Chief Scientist
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12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 413
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Field surveys for aquatic organisms provide critical information that is important for robust resource management. However, such surveys are expensive and labor intensive, particularly in large, remote landscapes like those that characterize much of Alaska. Traditionally, characterizing aquatic biodiversity necessitated the physical capture and identification of individual organisms, which required that field crews have some level of expertise in identifying the species likely to be present. Many other limitations of surveys that rely on direct observation of aquatic organisms have been noted (Evans and Lamberti 2018). However, what if it were possible to identify all of the species present at a site without having to capture or even see them? While we are not there yet, the recent revolution in environmental DNA (eDNA) technology is bringing us closer to that goal (Thomsen and Willerslev 2014).

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stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209275,"text":"ofr20201033 - 2020 - Evaluation of water temperature effects on adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) behavior in the Yakima River, Washington, 2019","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-01T07:01:47","indexId":"ofr20201033","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T14:45:03","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File 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A study was conducted in the lower Yakima River, Washington, during June–October 2019 to evaluate water temperature effects on adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) behavior. A total of 60 sockeye salmon adults were tagged with radio transmitters and monitored during the study. Fourteen of the fish were collected and tagged at Prosser Dam in late June and the remainder were collected and tagged at the mouth of the Yakima River in late July. Water temperature exceeded 20 degrees Celsius (°C), conditions shown to block upstream migration of adult sockeye salmon in other river systems, from June 9, 2019 to September 15, 2019. These elevated temperatures seemed to affect the behavior of tagged fish during this study. Fish that were collected and tagged at Prosser Dam left the Yakima River within days of release and tagged fish that were collected and released at the mouth of the Yakima River failed to enter and move upstream until mid-September when water temperature decreased to less than (<) 20 °C. Monitoring sites were located adjacent to several known areas of cool-water inputs that may provide thermal refuge for fish in the lower Yakima River to determine if tagged fish spent time in these areas. Although several tagged fish moved repeatedly past these sites, most fish spent <30 minutes at any given site, indicating that fish were actively migrating past the sites rather than holding near cool-water inputs. A single tagged fish moved upstream to Roza Dam and was collected for upstream transport to Cle Elum Reservoir during our study. Additional research in subsequent years likely will be required to better understand how water temperature affects adult sockeye salmon in the lower Yakima River.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201033","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, Yakama Nation Fisheries, and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Kock, T.J., Evans., S.D., Hansen, A.C., Ekstrom, B.K., Visser, R., Saluskin, B., and Hoffarth, P., 2020, Evaluation of water temperature effects on adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) behavior in the Yakima River, Washington, 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020-1033, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201033.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-115963","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373693,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1033/ofr20201033.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1033"},{"id":373692,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1033/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.59417724609375,\n 46.96338498544958\n ],\n [\n -120.5804443359375,\n 46.916503267244835\n ],\n [\n -120.52001953124999,\n 46.837649560937464\n ],\n [\n -120.50628662109374,\n 46.77184961467733\n ],\n [\n -120.57220458984376,\n 46.67394106549699\n ],\n [\n -120.56671142578124,\n 46.590956573124544\n ],\n [\n -120.51727294921875,\n 46.44731998341687\n ],\n [\n -120.31402587890625,\n 46.3127900695348\n ],\n [\n -120.17120361328125,\n 46.219752144776876\n ],\n [\n -119.92401123046875,\n 46.181732100439916\n ],\n [\n -119.34997558593749,\n 46.20834889395228\n ],\n [\n -119.19342041015624,\n 46.26534147068603\n ],\n [\n -119.16595458984374,\n 46.42271253466717\n ],\n [\n -119.37469482421875,\n 46.67205646734499\n ],\n [\n -119.47631835937499,\n 46.741742832123364\n ],\n [\n -119.66308593749999,\n 46.71161922789268\n ],\n [\n -119.83612060546874,\n 46.69278343251575\n ],\n [\n -119.84710693359375,\n 46.98399993718925\n ],\n [\n -120.59417724609375,\n 46.96338498544958\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-03-31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Scott D. 0000-0003-0452-7726 sdevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7726","contributorId":4408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Scott","email":"sdevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Amy C. 0000-0002-0298-9137 achansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-9137","contributorId":4350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Amy","email":"achansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ekstrom, Brian K. 0000-0002-1162-1780 bekstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1162-1780","contributorId":3704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ekstrom","given":"Brian","email":"bekstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Visser, Richard","contributorId":223646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Visser","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Saluskin, Brian","contributorId":223647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saluskin","given":"Brian","affiliations":[{"id":39287,"text":"Yakama Nation Fisheries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hoffarth, Paul","contributorId":177927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoffarth","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70208688,"text":"sir20205014 - 2020 - Evaluation of restoration alternatives using hydraulic models of lake outflow at Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge, northwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-25T21:50:39.278546","indexId":"sir20205014","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T13:04:51","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5014","displayTitle":"Evaluation of Restoration Alternatives Using Hydraulic Models of Lake Outflow at Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Northwestern Oregon","title":"Evaluation of restoration alternatives using hydraulic models of lake outflow at Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge, northwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge near the city of Gaston in northwestern Oregon was established in 2013, and planning is underway to restore a more natural lake and wetland system after more than 100 years of agricultural activity on the lakebed. Several water-management and restoration alternatives are under consideration, one of which involves opening and reconnecting Wapato Lake’s outlet to allow flow in and out of the lake to Wapato Creek and downstream to the Tualatin River. The effects of this and other alternatives are being evaluated, partly through a detailed examination of the lake’s water budget. The water budget for the lake during 2011–13 was quantified by the U.S. Geological Survey in partnership with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and others. Results were incorporated in a spreadsheet-based Water Management Scenario Tool (WMST) for Wapato Lake, which predicts the effects of various management actions on daily lake level and potential habitat areas for waterfowl or other target species. Incorporating the effects of a hypothetical open outlet between the lake and the downstream river network in the WMST was accomplished by using a hydraulic model to simulate the flow-exchange rate between Wapato Lake and Wapato Creek over a wide range of lake levels and downstream river conditions. A Hydraulic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) one-dimensional unsteady flow model was constructed and calibrated for Wapato Creek and part of the Tualatin River using data from October 2011 to April 2013, and then was used to simulate daily lake/creek exchange flows in water years 1992–2014 under hypothetically constant lake levels. Results were used to populate a table of lake/creek flow-exchange rates for use in the WMST; a dynamic link between the WMST and HEC-RAS was unrealistic because it would require hundreds of calls to HEC-RAS and result in long run times for a single water-year’s WMST calculations with daily time steps. Predictions of daily outlet flows from the WMST were checked against HEC-RAS simulated flows under daily varying lake levels to ensure that the timing and magnitude of lake/creek exchange flows used by the WMST were consistent with those of the hydraulic model. Two scenarios were tested with a hypothetical open lake outlet to show how the WMST could be used to inform restoration planning—one scenario used a year-round open lake outlet, and the other scenario closed that outlet for part of the high-water winter season. Results showed that flows in and out of a year-round open lake outlet would dominate the lake’s water budget and produce water depths during winter and through mid-summer that might be too deep to support waterbird species that require shallow water. Closing the lake outlet during large winter storms and high-water conditions in the downstream river network would isolate the lake from surrounding rivers, keep the lake level lower, and retain substantially more shallow-water areas. Because of the ease with which management alternatives can be evaluated, a water-budget spreadsheet tool such as the WMST has been a valuable part of an analysis of potential water-management and restoration alternatives for Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Joint Water Commission","usgsCitation":"Rounds, S.A., Pilson, S.L., Sullivan, A.B., and Stonewall, A.J., 2020, Evaluation of restoration alternatives using hydraulic models of lake outflow at Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge, northwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5014, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205014.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-110980","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373663,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5014/sir20205014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5014"},{"id":399635,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109891.htm"},{"id":373662,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5014/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.1417,\n 45.4\n ],\n [\n -123.1083,\n 45.4\n ],\n [\n -123.1083,\n 45.4431\n ],\n [\n -123.1417,\n 45.4431\n ],\n [\n -123.1417,\n 45.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-03-31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pilson, Stephen L.","contributorId":222712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pilson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullivan, Annett B. 0000-0001-7783-3906 annett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-3906","contributorId":79821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Annett B.","email":"annett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":783002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stonewall, Adam J. 0000-0002-3277-8736 stonewal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3277-8736","contributorId":138801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonewall","given":"Adam","email":"stonewal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":783003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70208698,"text":"sir20205013 - 2020 - Evaluation of restoration alternatives using water-budget tools for the Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge, northwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-25T21:48:59.588234","indexId":"sir20205013","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T13:04:10","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5013","displayTitle":"Evaluation of Restoration Alternatives Using Water-Budget Tools for the Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Northwestern Oregon","title":"Evaluation of restoration alternatives using water-budget tools for the Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge, northwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"

The lakebed in Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in northwestern Oregon was farmed for decades prior to the establishment of the refuge in 2013. Planning for restoration of these lands required extensive data collection and construction of a water budget and tools to design and evaluate potential restoration strategies. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service worked together to monitor streamflow and water levels in and around Wapato Lake NWR, apply the USGS Shoreline Management Tool (SMT), then construct and apply a water-budget-based Water Management Scenario Tool (WMST). The SMT was used to determine the spatial availability of different water depths (as potential habitat for different species) as a function of water level and other factors, based on topographic data. The WMST uses a water-budget approach to predict daily water levels, inflows, outflows, and areas of specific categories of water depth in the refuge over the course of a water year in response to a range of hydrologic and meteorological conditions and potential water-management strategies. In this study, two hypothetical water-management strategies were simulated to predict their effect on water levels and areas with specific water depths as an indicator of potential habitat. In the first scenario, several tributaries that had been diverted around the lakebed since the 1930s were reconnected to the lake, and an outflow weir was used to control lake level and to create a lake and seasonal wetlands of specific depths. In the second scenario, an outflow weir was combined with pumps to help meet target lake levels. Results showed that reconnecting the largest three tributaries to Wapato Lake would provide sufficient water to create a range of aquatic conditions in most years. For a median water year, rainfall and tributary flows in these scenarios provided 99 percent of total inputs to the lake, whereas pumping, weir outflows, and open-water evaporation 

accounted for 95–97 percent of losses. Management of lake levels could be accomplished with a variable-elevation outflow weir or a combination of a weir and pumps. The lake would take longer to fill to a higher seasonal target level during a dry year. Without an outflow weir or other means of allowing water to flow out of the lake, the largest of two existing pumps would need to be used during late spring or early summer to attain a lower seasonal target water level in summer. High-water conditions downstream of Wapato Lake may prevent the use of a simple outflow weir, as historical downstream water levels in winter and spring sometimes were higher than the target water levels used in these scenarios. Water-budget-based methods applied in this study have proven to be valuable for the design and evaluation of potential restoration strategies at Wapato Lake NWR.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Joint Water Commission","usgsCitation":"Rounds, S.A., Freed, T.Z., Snyder, D.T., Smith, C.D., Doyle, M.C., Holmes, E., Mykut, C., Mayer, T., Stockenberg, E., and Pilson, S.L., 2020, Evaluation of restoration alternatives using water-budget tools for the Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge, northwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5013, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205013.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-110975","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373658,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5013/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":373659,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5013/sir20205013.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5013"},{"id":399634,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109890.htm"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.1417,\n 45.4\n ],\n [\n -123.1083,\n 45.4\n ],\n [\n -123.1083,\n 45.4431\n ],\n [\n -123.1417,\n 45.4431\n ],\n [\n -123.1417,\n 45.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-03-31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freed, T. Zach","contributorId":222737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freed","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Zach","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, Daniel T.","contributorId":222736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"Daniel T.","affiliations":[{"id":12545,"text":"USGS retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Cassandra D. 0000-0003-1088-1772 cassandrasmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1088-1772","contributorId":205220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Cassandra","email":"cassandrasmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":786052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doyle, Micelis C. 0000-0003-0968-7809 mcdoyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0968-7809","contributorId":3446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"Micelis","email":"mcdoyle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holmes, Erin","contributorId":222739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holmes","given":"Erin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mykut, Curt","contributorId":222740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mykut","given":"Curt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mayer, Tim","contributorId":174705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayer","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27503,"text":"Supervisory Hydrologist, Water Resources Branch, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 911 NE 11th Ave., Portland, OR 97232-4181","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stockenberg, Erin","contributorId":222741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stockenberg","given":"Erin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pilson, Stephen L.","contributorId":222712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pilson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70209334,"text":"70209334 - 2020 - Coming to terms with the new normal: Forest health in the Sierra Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-12T17:52:49.972546","indexId":"70209334","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T12:52:34","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1693,"text":"Fremontia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coming to terms with the new normal: Forest health in the Sierra Nevada","docAbstract":"The vast conifer forests of California’s Sierra Nevada range inspire awe and create lasting memories. The size and longevity of these trees make them seem both otherworldly and everlasting. Indeed, their grandeur is such that visitors may not appreciate how these forests are connected to the larger landscape, and so there is little understanding that something as common as a drought could lead to the death of so many trees and trigger massive and irreversible changes in the nature of these forests (Box 1: Reflections on the California Drought). Although tree death is a natural and essential process, human activity is increasing the mortality rate to such an extent that it threatens the persistence of the \"big tree\" forests we have come to associate with the Sierra Nevada. Here, we briefly explain how forests change, with a focus on the role of tree mortality. We then describe the contemporary risks and outline a way toward restoring the resilience of Sierran forests.","language":"English","publisher":"California Native Plant Society","usgsCitation":"Axelson, J., Battles, J.J., Das, A., and van Mantgem, P., 2020, Coming to terms with the new normal: Forest health in the Sierra Nevada: Fremontia, v. 47, no. 2, p. 50-56.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"56","ipdsId":"IP-102670","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":379312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cnps.org/publications/fremontia"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.69653320312499,\n 35.62158189955968\n ],\n [\n -118.36669921875,\n 37.26530995561875\n ],\n [\n -120.13549804687501,\n 39.07890809706475\n ],\n [\n -120.498046875,\n 40.60561205826018\n ],\n [\n -121.31103515625,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -121.904296875,\n 40.463666324587685\n ],\n [\n -121.5087890625,\n 39.095962936305476\n ],\n [\n -120.02563476562501,\n 37.47485808497102\n ],\n [\n -118.58642578124999,\n 35.89795019335754\n ],\n [\n -118.114013671875,\n 35.55010533588552\n ],\n [\n -117.69653320312499,\n 35.62158189955968\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Axelson, Jodi","contributorId":223736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Axelson","given":"Jodi","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battles, John J.","contributorId":102006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Battles","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Das, Adrian J. 0000-0002-3937-2616 adas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3937-2616","contributorId":3842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"Adrian J.","email":"adas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Mantgem, Phillip J. 0000-0002-3068-9422","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-9422","contributorId":204320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Phillip J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70209313,"text":"fs20203018 - 2020 - Hydrologic monitoring networks in the Death Valley Regional Flow System, Nye County, Nevada and Inyo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-20T18:47:07.749748","indexId":"fs20203018","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T12:50:35","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-3018","displayTitle":"Hydrologic Monitoring Networks in the Death Valley Regional Flow System, Nye County, Nevada and Inyo County, California","title":"Hydrologic monitoring networks in the Death Valley Regional Flow System, Nye County, Nevada and Inyo County, California","docAbstract":"

Introduction

Water is an important resource in the arid southwest region of the United States where there is a limited supply of surface water and groundwater. In the Death Valley regional groundwater flow system (DVRFS) in southern Nevada and eastern California, groundwater is the main source of supply for agricultural, commercial, and domestic water needs.

For over four decades, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Nevada Water Science Center (NVWSC) has assisted environmental programs with the collection of hydrologic information within the DVRFS. Three hydrologic networks, managed in cooperation with local (Nye County, Nev., and Inyo County, Calif.) and federal (Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration) agencies, are used to actively monitor wells and springs in the region.

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Director,
Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Road
Carson City, Nevada 89701

","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-03-31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reiner, Steven R. 0000-0002-8705-9333 srreiner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8705-9333","contributorId":4606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiner","given":"Steven","email":"srreiner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":786017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Peggy E. 0000-0002-7264-664X pelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7264-664X","contributorId":3805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Peggy","email":"pelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":786018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Earp, Katherine J. 0000-0002-5291-6737 kjearp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5291-6737","contributorId":223704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earp","given":"Katherine","email":"kjearp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belcher, Wayne R. 0000-0001-7255-916X wbelcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7255-916X","contributorId":210577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belcher","given":"Wayne","email":"wbelcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70210621,"text":"70210621 - 2020 - Combining models of the critical streakline and the cross-sectional distribution of juvenile salmon to predict fish routing at river junctions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-12T16:41:38.125785","indexId":"70210621","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T11:41:28","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining models of the critical streakline and the cross-sectional distribution of juvenile salmon to predict fish routing at river junctions","docAbstract":"Because fish that enter the interior Delta have poorer survival than those emigrating via the Sacramento River, understanding the mechanisms that drive entrainment rates at side channel junctions is critically important for the management of imperiled juvenile salmon. Here, we implement a previously proposed process-based conceptual model to study entrainment rates based on three linked elements: the entrainment zone, critical streakline, and cross-sectional distribution of fish. The critical streakline is the location along a channel cross-section immediately upstream of a junction that forms the spatial divide between parcels of water that enter a side channel or remain in the main channel. The critical streakline therefore divides the main channel into entrainment zones within which fish would likely enter each channel. Combined with information about the cross-sectional distribution of fish upstream of a junction, this conceptual model provides a means to predict fish entrainment into each channel. To apply this conceptual model, we combined statistical models of the critical streakline, the cross-sectional distribution of acoustic tagged juvenile Chinook salmon, and their probability of entrainment into Georgiana Slough. We fit joint beta regression and logistic regression models to acoustic telemetry data gathered in 2011 and 2012 to estimate the cross-sectional distribution of fish upstream of the junction, and to estimate the probability of entrainment for fish on either side of the critical streakline. We show that entrainment rates can be predicted by understanding how the combination of critical streakline position and cross-sectional distribution of fish co-vary as a function of environmental covariates. By integrating over individual positions and entrainment fates to arrive at population-level entrain probability in relation to environmental covariates, our model offers managers a simple but powerful tool to evaluate how alternative actions affect migrating fish.","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Davis","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2020v18iss1art3","usgsCitation":"Hance, D., Perry, R., Burau, J.R., Blake, A.R., Stumpner, P., Wang, X., and Pope, A., 2020, Combining models of the critical streakline and the cross-sectional distribution of juvenile salmon to predict fish routing at river junctions: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 18, no. 1, 3, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2020v18iss1art3.","productDescription":"3, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-108560","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2020v18iss1art3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":375557,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento−San Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.20642089843749,\n 37.79676317682161\n ],\n [\n -121.14624023437499,\n 37.79676317682161\n ],\n [\n -121.14624023437499,\n 38.38472766885085\n ],\n [\n -122.20642089843749,\n 38.38472766885085\n ],\n [\n -122.20642089843749,\n 37.79676317682161\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hance, Dalton 0000-0002-4475-706X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-706X","contributorId":220179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hance","given":"Dalton","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Russell 0000-0003-4110-8619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":223235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blake, Aaron R. 0000-0001-7348-2336 ablake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-2336","contributorId":5059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"Aaron","email":"ablake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stumpner, Paul 0000-0002-0933-7895 pstump@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0933-7895","contributorId":5667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpner","given":"Paul","email":"pstump@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Xiaochun","contributorId":225264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Xiaochun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41085,"text":"California Department of Water Resources, Sacramento, CA, 95819","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pope, Adam C. 0000-0002-7253-2247","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7253-2247","contributorId":223237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Adam","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70224574,"text":"70224574 - 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This white paper provides the results of a survey by members of the NGWA Groundwater Modeling Advisory Panel to assess the use of uncertainty analysis in groundwater modeling.

The objective of the survey was to improve understanding of the use of uncertainty analysis in practical groundwater modeling projects subject to real-world constraints, such as limited budgets and tight deadlines.

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No abstract available.

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It is hard to believe that many of the small “backyard birds” people see during spring and autumn can make migratory journeys that span thousands of kilometers. In fact, over two-thirds of all land birds (i.e., those not associated with aquatic habitats) and over half of the migratory species in North America move long distances to areas in Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean islands. Some have argued that long-distance migrants experience the best of two worlds by virtue of their migratory strategy: increased reproductive success by breeding in food-rich, competitor-poor temperate areas and increased survival by wintering in warmer tropical areas. However, traveling long distances across areas that vary physiographically comes with considerable risks, and the mortality associated with long-distance migration may be substantial, especially among young, inexperienced birds making the journey for the first time.

Although many migratory land birds are capable of making spectacular, nonstop flights over geographic barriers, including the Sahara Desert, the eastern Atlantic Ocean, and the Gulf of Mexico, few actually fly nonstop from their point of origin to their final destination. Rather, they make periodic stops lasting a few hours to a few days before resuming migration. The place where a migratory bird pauses for some length of time between migratory flights is called a stopover site. For birds crossing the Gulf of Mexico that must contend with a 13 to 32 hour nonstop flight, the habitats along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast provide the last possible stopover before autumn migrants make a nonstop flight south and the first possible landfall for birds returning north in the spring.

","language":"English","publisher":"GoMAMN","usgsCitation":"Zenzal, T.J., 2020, A multiscale approach to understanding migratory land bird habitat use of functional stopover habitat types and management efforts: Gulf of Mexico Avian Monitoring Network (GoMAMN), HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-114458","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":390606,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://gomamn.org/a-multiscale-approach-to-understanding-migratory-land-bird-habitat-use-of-functional-stopover-habitat-types-and-management-efforts"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.5693359375,\n 18.35452552912664\n ],\n [\n -80.9912109375,\n 18.35452552912664\n ],\n [\n -80.9912109375,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -98.5693359375,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -98.5693359375,\n 18.35452552912664\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zenzal, Theodore J. Jr. 0000-0001-7342-1373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7342-1373","contributorId":224399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zenzal","given":"Theodore","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70216366,"text":"70216366 - 2020 - Species and genetic diversity in Lake Huron in 2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-01T16:14:34.935532","indexId":"70216366","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T11:07:18","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":217,"text":"Special Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"2020-01","title":"Species and genetic diversity in Lake Huron in 2018","docAbstract":"

Fish community objectives (FCOs) for species and genetic diversity (DesJardine et al. 1995) complement the species- or genera-specific objectives by recognizing that diversity within and among species can improve ecosystem resiliency through portfolio effects (DuFour et al. 2015). In Lake Huron, native species (such as Lake Trout and Lake Whitefish), and non-native species (such as Alewife and Pacific salmon) play important roles in the ecosystem. The FCOs recognize the importance of genetic diversity within all fish populations to ensure their long-term sustainability. This section summarizes the current state of species diversity and recent genetic analyses of important biota in the fish community.

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Each year we report on the progress toward rehabilitation of the Lake Ontario lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) population, including the results of stocking, annual assessment surveys, creel surveys, and evidence of natural reproduction observed from all standard surveys performed by USGS and NYSDEC. The catch per unit effort of adult lake trout in gill nets increased each year from 2008-2014, recovering from historic lows recorded during 2005-2007. Adult abundances declined each year from 2015 to 2017; and in 2017 were about 35% below the 2014 peak and 17% below the 1999-2004 mean. Adult abundance increased in 2018 by 51% over the 2017 value and increased and addition 16% in 2019. The 2019 rate of wounding by sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) on lake trout caught in gill nets (0.53 A1 wounds (fresh wound) per 100 lake trout) was below target (2 wounds per 100 lake trout). Estimates from the NYSDEC fishing boat survey indicated angler catch rate of lake trout was low in 2019 and among the lowest recorded for the time series. Condition values for an adult lake trout, indexed in September from the predicted weight for a 700mm lake trout from annual length-weight regressions and Fulton’s K for age-6 males, were among the highest levels observed for the 1983-2019 time series. Predicted weight for a 400mm lake trout from July 2019 bottom trawl catches was near the long-term average while age-2 K was among the lowest for the time series. Reproductive potential for the adult stock indexed from the CPUE of mature females ≥ 4000g was again above the target in 2019 continuing a trend observed in nine of the last ten years. The 2019 catch of young native lake trout marked the 25th observation in the last 26 years, however the low numbers of native adults observed during that time period continues to indicate substantial restoration impediments still exist.

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Herein we describe efforts to evaluate standard and new surveys, and to estimate dispersal from stocking locations, to better understand impediments to natural reproduction. In 2019, lake trout egg deposition was sampled at two locations, Stony Island Reef, and Ford Shoals. No eggs were collected at either site. Egg deposition rates at Stony Island Reef, expressed in eggs/net/day, were lower in 2019 (0) and 2017 (0.0004) than in 1987 and 1989 (1.27 and 0.27, respectively). Spawning lake trout were indexed using standard gillnets set at six locations along the southern shore. Sites were fished overnight with two nets, except Youngstown where only one net was set. When comparing the standard September gillnet survey to the spawning survey, the spawning survey caught more and older fish, but had a similar representation of strains. Both gillnet surveys revealed that, during the early to late fall, most lake trout (>72%) are caught as adults near where they were stocked as juveniles. This spawning survey demonstrated that lake trout in spawning condition are aggregating near possible spawning habitat, but the presence of adults alone cannot identify the specific spawning habitat. Egg deposition results suggest lake trout may be depositing eggs in different habitats then they have in the past. Alternatively, our egg collection methods may not be effective when egg abundance is low. 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Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70209407,"text":"70209407 - 2020 - Potential freshening impacts on fines migration and pore-throat clogging during gas hydrate production: 2-D micromodel study with Diatomaceous UBGH2 sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-10T16:06:38.252453","indexId":"70209407","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T10:37:36","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential freshening impacts on fines migration and pore-throat clogging during gas hydrate production: 2-D micromodel study with Diatomaceous UBGH2 sediments","docAbstract":"The methane gas hydrate stored in natural sediments is considered a potential gas resource. Countries such as China, India, Japan, and Korea are interested in commercializing this resource, and offshore field pilot tests for gas production have been conducted using depressurization methods to destabilize gas hydrate and facilitate the migration of methane to the production well. However, fine-grained sediments (fines), which are present even in coarse-grained, gas hydrate-bearing sediments, can be resuspended in the production fluid, subsequently clogging pore throats in the formation and reducing the overall production efficiency. We conducted laboratory tests to evaluate the suspension and clogging potential of fines collected from the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, Korea during the 2010 Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Expedition 2 (UBGH2). Experimental results reveal that diatoms are prevalent in the sediment and largely control the suspension and clogging behavior. Fluid flow experiments in 2D micromodels show clogging occurs even when injecting the minimum sediment concentration (0.1wt% in the fluid) through micromodels with pore-throat widths at the high end of the anticipated range for UBGH2 gas hydrate-bearing sands (100µm). Mobile gas/fluid interfaces forming during gas hydrate dissociation accentuate clogging by concentrating and mobilizing fines. Sedimentation tests show pore-water freshening during dissociation is not anticipated to change the potential for diatoms to become entrained in the pore water flow, even for the observed gas hydrate saturations of ~80%. Muscovite and illite are also significant components of the tested sediment, however, and pore-water freshening increases their potential for resuspension and clogging. Overall, the resuspension and clogging potential of these fine sediments should increase as gas hydrate dissociation progresses in the thin, gas hydrate-bearing sands investigated in the Ulleung Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104244","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Jang, J., Cao, S., Stern, L.A., Waite, W., Jung, J., and Lee, J.Y., 2020, Potential freshening impacts on fines migration and pore-throat clogging during gas hydrate production: 2-D micromodel study with Diatomaceous UBGH2 sediments: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 116, 104244, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104244.","productDescription":"104244, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-109801","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457202,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1607954","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UJOYVR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Dependence of sedimentation behavior on pore-fluid chemistry for sediment collected offshore South Korea during the Second Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Expedition, UBGH2"},{"id":373745,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jang, Junbong 0000-0001-5500-7558 jjang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5500-7558","contributorId":189400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jang","given":"Junbong","email":"jjang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cao, Shaung","contributorId":223817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cao","given":"Shaung","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40778,"text":"Fugro USA Marine, Inc., Houston, TX,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stern, Laura A. 0000-0003-3440-5674","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-5674","contributorId":212238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jung, Jongwon","contributorId":214559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jung","given":"Jongwon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, Joo Yong","contributorId":218160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Joo","email":"","middleInitial":"Yong","affiliations":[{"id":39769,"text":"KIGAM South Korea","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70209346,"text":"70209346 - 2020 - Bottom trawl assessment of Lake Ontario prey fishes, 2019","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-09T14:16:35.303706","indexId":"70209346","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T10:28:04","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5114,"text":"NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"title":"Bottom trawl assessment of Lake Ontario prey fishes, 2019","docAbstract":"Multi-agency, collaborative Lake Ontario bottom trawl surveys provide information for decision making related to Fish Community Objectives including predator-prey balance and understanding prey fish community diversity. In 2019, bottom trawl surveys in April (n = 252 tows) and October (n = 160 tows) sampled main lake and embayments at depths from 5–226 m. Combined, the surveys captured 283,383 fish from 39 species. Alewife were 67% of the total catch by number while round goby, deepwater sculpin, and rainbow smelt comprised 13, 10, and 4% of the catch, respectively. In 2019, the lake-wide adult alewife biomass index declined from 2018 and age-1 biomass, a measure of reproductive success the previous year, was low. Year-class catch curve models identified years where estimates from surveys conducted only in U.S. waters were biased, potentially due to a greater portion of the alewife population inhabiting unsampled Canadian waters. Accounting for spatial survey bias, these model estimates indicated the 2019 adult alewife biomass was the lowest value in the 42-year time series. Models also identified the extent to which age-1 alewife biomass was historically underestimated, however lake-wide results from 2016-2019 appear less biased. If below-average year-class estimates from 2017 and 2018 are accurate, adult alewife biomass will continue to decline in 2020. Abundance indices for other pelagic prey fishes such as rainbow smelt, threespine stickleback, emerald shiner, and cisco were low and similar to 2018 values. Pelagic prey fish diversity is low because a single species, alewife, dominates the community. Deepwater sculpin and round goby were the most abundant demersal (bottom-oriented) prey fishes in 2019. Despite declines in slimy sculpin and other nearshore prey fishes, demersal prey fish community diversity has increased as deepwater sculpin and round goby comprise more even portions of the community. New experimental trawl sites in embayment habitats generally captured more species, a higher proportion of native species, and higher densities relative to main lake habitats. 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This report provides a review on the progression of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) rehabilitation towards meeting the Salmonine Fish Community Objectives (FCOs) for Lake Michigan (Eshenroder et. al. 1995) and the interim goal and evaluation objectives articulated in A Fisheries Management Implementation Strategy for the Rehabilitation of Lake Trout in Lake Michigan (hereafter the \"Strategy\"; Dexter et al. 2011).

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Records of discharge for the connecting channels within the Great Lakes Basin are important to national governments of Canada and the United States and the various water management agencies and users in the basin. For more than 100 years, the official discharge records for the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers, two connecting channels within the Great Lakes Basin, have been computed using various stage-fall-discharge (SFQ) methods. However, as a result of technological advancements, newer methods have recently been considered for discharge computations. In this study, three discharge computation methods were compared: two SFQ methods and the index-velocity discharge (IVQ) method. Although the two SFQ methods have significantly different assumptions and use different data from the index-velocity method, the differences between the computed discharges derived from the methods are small, especially as the time step approaches monthly discharge values. Statistical analyses of discharge measurements and discharges computed using each of these methods indicate that there is no substantive difference in the discharges computed using the three methods. However, the IVQ method provides distinct advantages over the SFQ methods, including increased temporal resolution of computed discharge (minutes versus daily) and the ability to account for changes caused by aquatic vegetation and ice. Based on the results of the comparisons described herein, the IVQ discharge computation method is the most appropriate method for discharge computation in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers. Updated SFQ equations for the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers, also presented herein, can be used to compute discharge during periods of missing or invalid IVQ record.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001904","usgsCitation":"Thompson, A.F., Rodrigues, S.N., Fooks, J.C., Oberg, K., and Calappi, T.J., 2020, Comparing discharge computation methods in the Great Lakes connecting channels: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 25, no. 6, 05020007, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001904.","productDescription":"05020007, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-109007","costCenters":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0001904","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378713,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Quebec, Vermont, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Ontario, Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.96923828125,\n 48.28319289548349\n ],\n [\n -86.37451171875,\n 50.387507803003146\n ],\n [\n -90.4833984375,\n 50.819818262156545\n ],\n [\n -93.8671875,\n 47.945786463687185\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 46.36209301204985\n ],\n [\n -89.5166015625,\n 45.82879925192134\n ],\n [\n -88.52783203125,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -89.18701171875,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -87.890625,\n 42.50450285299051\n ],\n [\n -87.64892578125,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -87.3193359375,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -87.1875,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -85.80322265625,\n 41.590796851056005\n ],\n [\n -83.91357421875,\n 40.39676430557203\n ],\n [\n -80.61767578124999,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -79.453125,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -78.24462890625,\n 41.72213058512578\n ],\n [\n -73.0810546875,\n 43.34116005412307\n ],\n [\n -71.5869140625,\n 45.10454630976873\n ],\n [\n -71.19140625,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -70.7080078125,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -72.70751953125,\n 48.28319289548349\n ],\n [\n -76.46484375,\n 48.07807894349862\n ],\n [\n -80.96923828125,\n 48.28319289548349\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Aaron F","contributorId":241103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"F","affiliations":[{"id":36681,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodrigues, Sandrina N","contributorId":241105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodrigues","given":"Sandrina","email":"","middleInitial":"N","affiliations":[{"id":36681,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fooks, Jeanette C","contributorId":241107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fooks","given":"Jeanette","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":36681,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oberg, Kevin 0000-0002-7024-3361 kaoberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7024-3361","contributorId":175229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"Kevin","email":"kaoberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - 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Foraging behavior can have population-level effects that are of interest for wildlife management. For invasive species, foraging behavior has been tied to establishment ability and rate of spread and is generally of import in understanding invasion biology. A major method for controlling invasive vertebrates is using food-based baits as attractants. Tool efficacy is therefore partially driven by individual decision-making during foraging, which may also affect population response to control. We used three studies on the invasive, arboreal brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) on Guam to measure 1) size, body condition, and behavioral correlates with mortality in response to control using toxic baits, 2) shifts in prevalence of those traits after control treatments occurred and, based on the prior two findings, 3) interactive relationships between size, body condition, and behavioral traits at the landscape scale for untreated populations. Each trait was selected due to a potential relationship with foraging behavior or energetic state of an arboreal snake, as a method to estimate how foraging behavior can inform control tool efficacy. We found that snakes were more likely to be killed by toxiic baits if they had a lower body weight, were more active leading up to a bait application, and encountered on the ground more frequently. Across two treated populations, both body size and condition of sampled snakes increased after treatment, while the incidence of ground encounters decreased. Throughout forested habitat on Guam, ground encounter probability was positively correlated with snake size and inversely correlated to body condition. Additionally, size and condition had interactive effects such that snakes in good condition were more arboreal. Thus, body size and behavior (ground encounters) correlated with control-tool susceptibility and frequency shifts occurred in those traits within sampled post-treatment populations. Individual decision-making during foraging may thus inform population responses to bait-based control tools. Management decisions such as prey suppression are likely to directly influence removal efficacy through altered foraging behavior in snakes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00834","usgsCitation":"Nafus, M.G., Yackel Adams, A.A., Boback, S.M., , S., and Reed, R., 2020, Behavior, size, and body condition predict susceptibility to management and reflect post-treatment frequency shifts in an invasive snake: Global Ecology and Conservatuin, v. 21, e00834, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00834.","productDescription":"e00834, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-112060","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00834","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93FZIHX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data associated with toxicant applications for brown treesnake control"},{"id":377687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nafus, Melia G. 0000-0002-7325-3055 mnafus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7325-3055","contributorId":197462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nafus","given":"Melia","email":"mnafus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yackel Adams, Amy A. 0000-0002-7044-8447 yackela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-8447","contributorId":3116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackel Adams","given":"Amy","email":"yackela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boback, S. M.","contributorId":238878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boback","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":39028,"text":"Dickinson College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":" Siers","contributorId":238879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"given":"Siers","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41523,"text":"USDA NWRC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reed, Robert 0000-0001-8349-6168 reedr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-6168","contributorId":152301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Robert","email":"reedr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}