{"pageNumber":"641","pageRowStart":"16000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16495,"records":[{"id":52338,"text":"ofr6369 - 1963 - Hydrology of waste disposal, National Reactor Testing Station, Idaho, with special reference to the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant area and the Materials Testing Reactor--Engineering Test Reactor area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:32","indexId":"ofr6369","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"63-69","title":"Hydrology of waste disposal, National Reactor Testing Station, Idaho, with special reference to the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant area and the Materials Testing Reactor--Engineering Test Reactor area","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr6369","usgsCitation":"Jones, P., 1963, Hydrology of waste disposal, National Reactor Testing Station, Idaho, with special reference to the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant area and the Materials Testing Reactor--Engineering Test Reactor area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 63-69, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6369.","productDescription":"84 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc73d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, P.H.","contributorId":50963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":52335,"text":"ofr6362 - 1963 - The hydrologic laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-08T10:18:36","indexId":"ofr6362","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"63-62","title":"The hydrologic laboratory","docAbstract":"The knowledge of soil and rock testing, including the application of the test or analysis data to field problems, is still in its infancy. By learning more about the basic laws and principles of nature we can more accurately predict hydrologic phenomena of the future, as well as solve more efficiently the hydrologic problems of the present Our reservoir of fundamental facts and basic knowledge has been, and can be even more fully, increased by the analysis and research work of the Hydrologic Laboratory.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr6362","usgsCitation":"Johnson, A., 1963, The hydrologic laboratory: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 63-62, iii, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6362.","productDescription":"iii, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":114598,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0062/report.pdf","size":"5791","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":178818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0062/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db69851b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, A.I.","contributorId":82676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":52329,"text":"ofr6348 - 1963 - Hydrology of the Terra Bella-Lost Hills area, San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:33","indexId":"ofr6348","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"63-48","title":"Hydrology of the Terra Bella-Lost Hills area, San Joaquin Valley, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr6348","usgsCitation":"Hilton, G., McClelland, E., Klausing, R., and Kunkel, F., 1963, Hydrology of the Terra Bella-Lost Hills area, San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 63-48, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6348.","productDescription":"74 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hilton, G.S.","contributorId":52652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilton","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McClelland, E.J.","contributorId":54280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClelland","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klausing, R.L.","contributorId":73205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klausing","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunkel, Fred","contributorId":47766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":52321,"text":"ofr6330 - 1963 - Regional hydrology of a part of southern Nevada - a reconnaissance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:33","indexId":"ofr6330","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"63-30","title":"Regional hydrology of a part of southern Nevada - a reconnaissance","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr6330","usgsCitation":"Eakin, T., Schoff, S., and Cohen, P., 1963, Regional hydrology of a part of southern Nevada - a reconnaissance: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 63-30, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6330.","productDescription":"40 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eakin, T.E.","contributorId":101727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eakin","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoff, S.L.","contributorId":107365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoff","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cohen, Philip","contributorId":61576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"Philip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":52309,"text":"ofr6316 - 1963 - Hydrology of Brooklyn Lake near Keystone Heights, Florida","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52309,"text":"ofr6316 - 1963 - Hydrology of Brooklyn Lake near Keystone Heights, Florida","indexId":"ofr6316","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of Brooklyn Lake near Keystone Heights, Florida"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047480,"text":"70047480 - 1963 - Hydrology of Brooklyn Lake near Keystone Heights, Florida","indexId":"70047480","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of Brooklyn Lake near Keystone Heights, Florida"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70047480,"text":"70047480 - 1963 - Hydrology of Brooklyn Lake near Keystone Heights, Florida","indexId":"70047480","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of Brooklyn Lake near Keystone Heights, Florida"},"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-07T13:22:36","indexId":"ofr6316","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"63-16","title":"Hydrology of Brooklyn Lake near Keystone Heights, Florida","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr6316","usgsCitation":"Clark, W., Musgrove, R., Menke, C., and Cagle, J., 1963, Hydrology of Brooklyn Lake near Keystone Heights, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 63-16, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6316.","productDescription":"49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604abb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, W.E.","contributorId":68694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Musgrove, R.H.","contributorId":31051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Menke, C.G.","contributorId":20823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menke","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cagle, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":63875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cagle","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":52304,"text":"ofr636 - 1963 - Preliminary report on the geology and hydrology of Mortandad Canyon near Los Alamos, New Mexico, with reference to disposal of liquid low-level radioactive waste","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:33","indexId":"ofr636","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"63-6","title":"Preliminary report on the geology and hydrology of Mortandad Canyon near Los Alamos, New Mexico, with reference to disposal of liquid low-level radioactive waste","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, selected the upper part of Mortandad Canyon near Los Alamos, New Mexico for a site for disposal of treated liquid low-level radioactive waste. This report summarizes the part of a study of the geology and hydrology that was done from October 1960 through June 1961. Additional work is being continued.\r\n\r\nMortandad Canyon is a narrow east-southeast-trending canyon about 9? miles long that heads on the central part of the Pajarito Plateau at an altitude of about 7,340 feet. The canyon is tributary to the Rio Grande. The drainage area of the part of Mortandad Canyon that was investigated is about 2 square miles, and the total drainage area is about 4.9 square miles.\r\n\r\nThe Pajarito Plateau is capped by the Bandelier Tuff of Pleistocene age. Mortandad Canyon is cut in the Bandelier, and alluvium covers the floor of the canyon to depths ranging from less than 1 foot to as much as 100 feet. The Bandelier is underlain by silt, sand, conglomerate, and interbedded basalt of the Santa Fe Group of Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene(?) age. Some ground water is perched in the alluvium in the canyon; however, the top of the main aquifer is in the Santa Fe Group at a depth of about 990 feet below the canyon floor.\r\n\r\nJoints in the Bandelier Tuff probably were caused by shrinkage of the tuff during cooling. The joints range in width from hairline cracks to fissures several inches wide. Water can infiltrate along the open joints where the Bandelier is at the surface; however, soil, alluvial fill, and autochthonous clay inhibit infiltration on the tops of mesas and probably in the alluvium-floored canyons also.\r\n\r\nThirty-three test holes, each less than 100 feet deep, were drilled in 10 lies across Mortandad Canyon from the western margin of the study area to just west of the Los Alamos-Santa Fe County line. Ten of the holes were cased for observation wells to measure water levels and collect water samples from the alluvium. Twenty-three of the holes were cased to seal out water and were used as access tubes to accommodate a neutron-neutron probe for determining the moisture content of the alluvium and tuff.\r\n\r\nThe source of recharge for the perched ground-water body in the alluvium in Mortandad Canyon is the precipitation in the drainage area of the canyon. During the winter of 1960-61, a snowpack 1-2 feet thick accumulated in the narrow shaded upper part of the canyon. The alluvium below the snowpack received some recharge because of diurnal melting during the winter. In March 1961 the snowmelt water saturated most of the thin alluvium in the upper part of the canyon, and a surface stream began to flow on the alluvium. The maximum flow of the stream was about 250 gpm (gallons per minute). Water from the stream infiltrated the alluvium at the front of the stream and in the reach upstream from the front. A ground-water mound was formed beneath the channel by water infiltrating from the stream. The front of the stream and the front of the ground-water mound advanced eastward to about the middle of the area studied. From this point eastward, the alluvium was thick enough to absorb and transmit the amount of flow in 1961. Late in April the front of the stream retreated, and by the first of May the flow stopped. During and after this period the ground-water mound decayed, and ground-water levels declined in the upper part of the canyon as water drained into the channel and downgradient through the alluvium.\r\n\r\nThe amount of recharge was small in the wide lower part of the canyon during the period of study. The rise in ground-water levels and the increase in moisture content of the alluvium in the lower part of the canyon indicate that water moved downgradient by underflow through the alluvium from the recharge area in the upper part of the canyon. Moisture measurements indicate that only a little water moved into the underlyin","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr636","usgsCitation":"Baltz, E., Abrahams, J., and Purtyman, W., 1963, Preliminary report on the geology and hydrology of Mortandad Canyon near Los Alamos, New Mexico, with reference to disposal of liquid low-level radioactive waste: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 63-6, 105 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr636.","productDescription":"105 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0006/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86790,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0006/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86791,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0006/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86792,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0006/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86793,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0006/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86794,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0006/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86795,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0006/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c900","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baltz, E.H.","contributorId":67146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltz","given":"E.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abrahams, J.H. Jr.","contributorId":47022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrahams","given":"J.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Purtyman, W.D.","contributorId":95559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purtyman","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":68589,"text":"ha62 - 1963 - Ground-water conditions in northern Lea County, New Mexico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52151,"text":"ofr612 - 1961 - Geology and ground-water resources of northern Lea County, New Mexico","indexId":"ofr612","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of northern Lea County, New Mexico"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":68589,"text":"ha62 - 1963 - Ground-water conditions in northern Lea County, New Mexico","indexId":"ha62","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water conditions in northern Lea County, New Mexico"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:29","indexId":"ha62","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"62","title":"Ground-water conditions in northern Lea County, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha62","usgsCitation":"Ash, S.R., 1963, Ground-water conditions in northern Lea County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 62, col. maps ;on sheets 63 x 81 cm & 71 x 107 cm.  (Sheet 1, 28 by 42 inches; sheet 2, 25 by 53 inches.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ha62.","productDescription":"col. maps ;on sheets 63 x 81 cm & 71 x 107 cm.  (Sheet 1, 28 by 42 inches; sheet 2, 25 by 53 inches.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":90239,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/062/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90240,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/062/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"4000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d36c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ash, Sidney R.","contributorId":37792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ash","given":"Sidney","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1275,"text":"wsp1691 - 1963 - Ground-water contamination and legal controls in Michigan","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52078,"text":"ofr6036 - 1960 - Ground-water contamination and legal controls in Michigan","indexId":"ofr6036","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water contamination and legal controls in Michigan"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1275,"text":"wsp1691 - 1963 - Ground-water contamination and legal controls in Michigan","indexId":"wsp1691","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water contamination and legal controls in Michigan"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-22T13:46:38","indexId":"wsp1691","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1691","title":"Ground-water contamination and legal controls in Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>The great importance of the fresh ground-water resources of Michigan is evident because 90 percent of the rural and about 70 percent of the total population of the State exclusive of the Detroit metropolitan area are supplied from underground sources. The water-supply and public-health problems that have been caused by some cases of ground-water contamination in the State illustrate the necessity of protecting this vital resource.</p><p>Manmade and natural contaminants, including many types of chemical and organic matter, have entered many of the numerous aquifers of the State. Aquifers have been contaminated by waste-laden liquids percolating from the surface or from the zone of aeration and by direct injection to the aquifer itself. Industrial and domestic wastes, septic tanks, leaking sewers, flood waters or other poor quality surface waters, mine waters, solids stored or spread at the surface, and even airborne wastes all have been sources of ground-water contamination in Michigan. In addition, naturally occurring saline waters have been induced into other aquifers by overpumping or unrestricted flow from artesian wells, possibly by dewatering operations, and by the deepening of surface stream channels. Vertical migration of saline waters through open holes from formations underlying various important aquifers also has spoiled some of the fresh ground waters in the State. In spite of the contamination that has occurred, however, the total amount of ground water that has been spoiled is only a small part of the total resource. Neither is the contamination so widespread as that of the surface streams of Michigan.</p><p>Overall legal authority to control most types of ground-water contamination in the State has been assigned by the Michigan Legislature to the Water Resources Commission, although the Department of Conservation and the Health Department also exercise important water-pollution control functions. The Michigan Supreme Court, in an important case upholding the power of the Water Resources Commission to control pollution of ground water, in effect has introduced the doctrine of reasonable use into the law of the State. Excluding controls administered by the Department of Conservation on activities of the oil and gas industry, however, legal controls have not been used abate intrusion of natural saline waters into fresh-water aquifers in response to pumping and other manmade changes in the hydrologic regimen.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1691","usgsCitation":"Deutsch, M., 1963, Ground-water contamination and legal controls in Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1691, v, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1691.","productDescription":"v, 79 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science 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,{"id":2727,"text":"wsp1475N - 1963 - Hydrology of stock-water development on the public domain of western Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T18:19:14","indexId":"wsp1475N","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1475","chapter":"N","title":"Hydrology of stock-water development on the public domain of western Utah","docAbstract":"<p>A geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance was made on the public domain of western Utah to appraise the water resources of the area and to provide a basis for locating and developing sources of stock water. The study area includes the Bonneville, Pahvant, and Virgin Grazing Districts, in parts of Tooele, Utah, Juab, Millard, Beaver, Iron, and Washington Counties, Utah.</p><p>Western Utah is in the Great Basin section of the Basin and Range physiographic province and is typified by northward-trending parallel mountain ranges, and basins of interior drainage. Precipitation ranges from 5 to 9 inches annually in most of the valleys but in some places it is as much as 15 or 16 inches and probably is considerably greater in the mountains.</p><p>The valleys of western Utah have been classified in the report according to their hydrologic and topographic characteristics. The Great Salt Lake valley and the Sevier Lake valley are closed or terminal valleys having no outlet for the discharge of water except by evaporation. Such valleys are topographically closed and hydrologically undrained. Valleys tributary to these terminal valleys are topographically open valleys from which water is discharged by gravity flow to the terminal valley. Quality of ground water in the valleys of western Utah depends upon the valley type and place where the water is sampled with respect to the body of ground water in the valley fill. Quality of the water in the drained parts of the valleys is usually good whereas water in the undrained parts of the valleys may be heavily charged with dissolved mineral contaminants. Limits of tolerance for use of salt-contaminated water are cited.</p><p>The adequacy of distribution of water supplies in western Utah was determined by application of the service area concept to the existing supplies. Stock-water supplies are obtained from wells, springs, and reservoirs. Most of the wells are in the valleys where water is obtained from valley fill; the depth to water ranges from a few tens of feet to several hundred feet. Ground water generally cannot be obtained in the mountains because the rocks either lack permeability or are drained.</p><p>Data collected in 13 valleys, each valley forming a ground-water unit, are listed in the tables and are used to evaluate the prospects for obtaining additional water supplies.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology of the Public Domain (Water Supply Paper 1475)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1475N","usgsCitation":"Snyder, C., 1963, Hydrology of stock-water development on the public domain of western Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1475, Report: iv, 50 p.; Plate: 19.00 x 35.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1475N.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 50 p.; Plate: 19.00 x 35.50 inches","startPage":"487","endPage":"536","numberOfPages":"57","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1475n/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29135,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1475n/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29136,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1475n/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","publicComments":"Prepared as part of the soil and moisture program of the Department of the Interior","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602036","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Charles T.","contributorId":53767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Charles T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2357,"text":"wsp1539Q - 1963 - Reconnaissance of the hydrology of the Little Lost River basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:20","indexId":"wsp1539Q","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1539","chapter":"Q","title":"Reconnaissance of the hydrology of the Little Lost River basin, Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1539Q","usgsCitation":"Mundorff, M.J., Broom, H.C., and Kilburn, C., 1963, Reconnaissance of the hydrology of the Little Lost River basin, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1539, iv, 51 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1539Q.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109984,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24739.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24739"},{"id":137785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539q/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28292,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539q/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28293,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539q/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28294,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539q/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28295,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539q/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636c6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mundorff, Maurice John","contributorId":41404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mundorff","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Broom, H. C.","contributorId":93024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broom","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kilburn, Chabot","contributorId":83499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilburn","given":"Chabot","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2258,"text":"wsp1800 - 1963 - The role of ground water in the national water situation: With state summaries based on reports by District Offices of Ground Water Branch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T15:44:46","indexId":"wsp1800","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1800","title":"The role of ground water in the national water situation: With state summaries based on reports by District Offices of Ground Water Branch","docAbstract":"<p>Ground water in the United States has emerged from a quantitatively minor (though incalculably valuable) water source, whose chief role was in the settlement of primitive areas, to a major source now accounting for one-fifth to one-sixth of the Nation's total withdrawal requirements for water. With the growth in ground-water withdrawals is an accompanying growth in the realization that large-scale development of ground water is feasible only on the basis of a fuller understanding than has existed to date of the complex interrelations of the hydrologic cycle and of ground water's place in the cycle</p>\n<p>This report outlines briefly the principles of water occurrence and describes the water situation in the United States as of 1960-61, with emphasis on the occurrence of ground water and the status of development and accompanying problems. The Nation has been divided into 10 major ground-water regions by H. E. Thomas (1952a). The report summarizes the occurrence and development of ground water in each of Thomas' regions. In a large terminal section it also describes the occurrence and development of water, again with emphasis on ground water, in each of the 50 States and in certain other areas. The main text ends with a discussion of the water situation and prospects of the Nation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1800","usgsCitation":"McGuinness, C.L., 1963, The role of ground water in the national water situation: With state summaries based on reports by District Offices of Ground Water Branch: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1800, Report: xii, 1121 p.; 4 Plates: 43.44 x 26.28 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1800.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 1121 p.; 4 Plates: 43.44 x 26.28 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"1134","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science 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,{"id":3199,"text":"wsp1544D - 1963 - Application of electrical and radioactive well logging to ground-water hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp1544D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1544","chapter":"D","title":"Application of electrical and radioactive well logging to ground-water hydrology","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1544D","usgsCitation":"Patten, E.P., and Bennett, G.D., 1963, Application of electrical and radioactive well logging to ground-water hydrology: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1544, v. :ill. ;23 cm. ;60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1544D.","productDescription":"v. :ill. ;23 cm. ;60 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1544d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30186,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1544d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67aa3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patten, Eugene P. Jr.","contributorId":59777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patten","given":"Eugene","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, Gordon D.","contributorId":18740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":3201,"text":"wsp1544F - 1963 - A field method for measurement of infiltration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp1544F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1544","chapter":"F","title":"A field method for measurement of infiltration","docAbstract":"The determination of infiltration--the downward entry of water into a soil (or sediment)--is receiving increasing attention in hydrologic studies because of the need for more quantitative data on all phases of the hydrologic cycle. A measure of infiltration, the infiltration rate, is usually determined in the field by flooding basins or furrows, sprinkling, or measuring water entry from cylinders (infiltrometer rings). Rates determined by ponding in large areas are considered most reliable, but the high cost usually dictates that infiltrometer rings, preferably 2 feet in diameter or larger, be used. \r\n\r\nThe hydrology of subsurface materials is critical in the study of infiltration. The zone controlling the rate of infiltration is usually the least permeable zone. Many other factors affect infiltration rate--the sediment (soil) structure, the condition of the sediment surface, the distribution of soil moisture or soil- moisture tension, the chemical and physical nature of the sediments, the head of applied water, the depth to ground water, the chemical quality and the turbidity of the applied water, the temperature of the water and the sediments, the percentage of entrapped air in the sediments, the atmospheric pressure, the length of time of application of water, the biological activity in the sediments, and the type of equipment or method used. It is concluded that specific values of the infiltration rate for a particular type of sediment are probably nonexistent and that measured rates are primarily for comparative use. \r\n\r\nA standard field-test method for determining infiltration rates by means of single- or double-ring infiltrometers is described and the construction, installation, and operation of the infiltrometers are discussed in detail.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1544F","usgsCitation":"Johnson, A., 1963, A field method for measurement of infiltration: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1544, v. :ill. ;23 cm. ;27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1544F.","productDescription":"v. :ill. ;23 cm. ;27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1544f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30188,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1544f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, A.I.","contributorId":82676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3203,"text":"wsp1544H - 1963 - Methods of collecting and interpreting ground-water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T18:21:09","indexId":"wsp1544H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1544","chapter":"H","title":"Methods of collecting and interpreting ground-water data","docAbstract":"<p>Because ground water is hidden from view, ancient man could only theorize as to its sources of replenishment and its behavior. His theories held sway until the latter part of the 17th century, which marked the first experimental work to determine the source and movement of ground water. Thus founded, the science of ground-water hydrology grew slowly and not until the 19th century is there substantial evidence of conclusions having been based on observational data. The 20th century has witnessed tremendous advances in the science in the methods of field investigation and interpretation of collected data, in the methods of determining the hydrologic characteristics of water-bearing material, and in the methods of inventorying ground-water supplies. Now, as is true of many other disciplines, the science of ground-water hydrology is characterized by frequent advancement of new ideas and techniques, refinement of old techniques, and an increasing wealth of data awaiting interpretation.</p><p>So that its widely scattered staff of professional hydrologists could keep abreast of new ideas and advances in the techniques of groundwater investigation, it has been the practice in the U.S. Geological Survey to distribute such information for immediate internal use. As the methods become better established and developed, they are described in formal publications. Six papers pertaining to widely different phases of ground-water investigation comprise this particular contribution. For the sake of clarity and conformity, the original papers have been revised and edited by the compiler.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1544H","usgsCitation":"1963, Methods of collecting and interpreting ground-water data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1544, vi, 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1544H.","productDescription":"vi, 97 p.","numberOfPages":"104","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":30190,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1544h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1544h/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bc98","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Bentall, Ray","contributorId":78711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bentall","given":"Ray","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709761,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5898,"text":"pp422A - 1963 - Morphology and hydrology of a glacial stream -- White River, Mount Rainier, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:49","indexId":"pp422A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"422","chapter":"A","title":"Morphology and hydrology of a glacial stream -- White River, Mount Rainier, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp422A","usgsCitation":"Fahnestock, R.K., 1963, Morphology and hydrology of a glacial stream -- White River, Mount Rainier, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 422, p. A1-A70, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp422A.","productDescription":"p. A1-A70","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0422a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32755,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0422a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4761","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fahnestock, Robert K.","contributorId":100381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahnestock","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1371,"text":"wsp1655 - 1963 - Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman County, Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55768,"text":"ofr5746 - 1957 - Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman county, Washington","indexId":"ofr5746","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman county, Washington"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1371,"text":"wsp1655 - 1963 - Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman County, Washington","indexId":"wsp1655","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman County, Washington"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:13","indexId":"wsp1655","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1655","title":"Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman County, Washington","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of an investigation of the ground-water resources of the Pullman area, Whitman County, Wash. The investigation war made in cooperation with the State of Washington, Department of Conservation, Division of Water Resources, to determine whether the 1959 rate of ground-water withdrawal exceeded the perennial yield of the developed aquifers, and if so, (1) whether additional aquifers could be developed in the area, and (2) whether the yield of the developed aquifers could be increased by artificial recharge. The Pullman area includes the agricultural district surrounding the city of Pullman, in southeastern Whitman County, and the western two-thirds of the Moscow-Pullman basin, which extends into Latah County, Idaho. The mapped area comprises shout 250 square miles. \r\n\r\nThe area is in a region of smooth rolling hills formed by erosion of thick deposits of loess, which cover a dissected lava plain. The loess (Palouse formation of Pleistocene age) ranges in thickness from less than 1 foot to more than 150 feet. The underlying lava flows, part of the Columbia River basalt of Tertiary age, are nearly horizontal and form bluffs and low cliffs along the major streams. The total thickness of the basalt sequence in the area is not known, but it may be considerably greater than 1,000 feet beneath the city of Pullman. The basalt sequence is underlain by a basement mass of granite, granite gneiss, and quartzite, of pre-Tertiary age. \r\n\r\nThe most productive aquifers in the area are in the Columbia River basalt. They consist of the permeable zones, commonly occurring at the tops of individual lava flows, which may contain ground water under either artesian or water-table conditions. Two such permeable zones have produced more than 95 percent of the ground water used in the Pullman area, or as much as 870 million gallons per year (1957). These two zones are hydraulically connected and lie at depths ranging from about 50 to 170 feet below the land surface at Pullman. The area receives about 21 inches of precipitation annually, about two-thirds of it from October through March. 0nly a fraction of the precipitation reaches the aquifers; the remainder is returned to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration or leaves the area as surface runoff. The basalt is recharged mainly by infiltration from streams and downward percolation from the overlying loess. \r\n\r\nThe ground water moves generally westward. However, most water in the artesian aquifers tapped by wells in the vicinity of Pullman may move toward the city of Pullman, which is the center of major pumping. The rate of movement ranges from extremely slow in the loess and the massive basalt to very rapid in the permeable zones of basalt. The principal modes of discharge from the artesian aquifers are seepage to streams and pumpage from wells. The amount of natural discharge is unknown, but the pumpage ranged from about 340 to 870 million gallons per year, and during 1949-59 it averaged about 800 million gallons (2,500 ac-ft) per year. For about the last 25 years at least, the piezometric surface of the artesian zones has declined each year, indicating that the annual ground-water discharge from the artesian aquifers (including pumpage and natural discharge) has exceeded the recharge in the Pullman area. An analysis of the relation of pumpage to the decline in artesian level indicates that during 1952-59 an average of about 65 million gallons per year was removed from storage. Although the decline in artesian pressures has resulted in an increase in the recharge to the aquifers, the present rate of pumping may be equal to or even exceed the perennial yield of the artesian aquifer in the report area under natural conditions. \r\n\r\nGeologic and hydrologic conditions seem favorable for the existence of potentially good aquifers below those which are now extensively developed. The deep aquifers seem to have only a slight hydraulic connection with the overlying artesian basalt ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1655","usgsCitation":"Foxworthy, B., and Washburn, R., 1963, Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1655, iv, 71 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1655.","productDescription":"iv, 71 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110001,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24847.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24847"},{"id":137288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1655/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26462,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1655/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26463,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1655/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26464,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1655/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26465,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1655/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d89c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foxworthy, B. L.","contributorId":45686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foxworthy","given":"B. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Washburn, R.L.","contributorId":89114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Washburn","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2031,"text":"wsp1595 - 1963 - Effects of hydraulic and geologic factors on streamflow of the Yakima River Basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-06T14:11:36","indexId":"wsp1595","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1595","title":"Effects of hydraulic and geologic factors on streamflow of the Yakima River Basin, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>The Yakima River basin, in south-central Washington, is the largest single river system entirely within the confines of the State. Its waters are the most extensively utilized of all the rivers in Washington.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The river heads high on the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains, flows for 180 miles in a generally southeast direction, and discharges into the Columbia River. The western part of the basin is a mountainous area formed by sedimentary, volcanic, and metamorphic rocks, which generally have a low capacity for storing and transmitting water. The eastern part of the basin is. formed by a thick sequence of lava flows that have folded into long ridges and troughs. Downwarped structural basins between many of the ridges are partly filled with younger sedimentary deposits, which at some places are many hundreds of feet thick. The Yakima River flows from structural basin to structural basin through narrow water gaps that have been eroded through the anticlinal ridges. Each basin is also a topographic basin and a ground-water subbasin. A gaging station will measure the total outflow of a drainage area only if it is located at the surface outlet of a ground-water subbasin and then only if the stream basin is nearly coextensive with the ground-water subbasin. Many gaging stations in the Yakima basin are so located. The geology, hydrology, size. and location of 25 ground-water subbasins are described. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>Since the settlement of the valley began, the development of the land and water resources have caused progressive changes in the natural regimen of the basin's runoff. These changes have resulted from diversion of water from the streams, the application of water on the land for irrigation, the storage and release of flood waters, the pumping of ground water, and other factors Irrigation in the Yakima basin is reported 'to have begun about 1864. In 1955 about 425,000 acres were under irrigation. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>During the past 60-odd years many gaging stations have been operated at different sites within the basin. Only stations in the upper reaches, such as those below Keechelus, Kachess, or Cle Elum Lakes, give discharge records which are an accurate measure of the natural outflow of the drainage area. Farther down, stream, as the utilization of water becomes more extensive, the records at a gaging station show the discharge passing a particular point, but they do not reflect the natural outflow of the basin. Large canals divert water for use on lands above a station or carry it around a station for irrigation downstream. The deep sedimentary deposits within subbasins and the overlying alluvial gravels permit downvalley movement of large subsurface flows which bypass the gaging stations, except in the near vicinity of the water gaps. At the water gaps ground water rises to the surface, becoming streamflow, and can be accurately measured. The location of gaging stations within each subbasin is important, therefore, in determining whether the flow measured represents the total downvalley outflow or whether it is merely the surface-water component. Surface and subsurface factors that may affect the discharge records at each gaging station in the Yakima River basin include a description of upstream diversions, surface return flows, bypass canals, storage reservoirs, subsurface bypass flows, ground-water withdrawals, and other items. The available data are not sufficiently complete to permit a quantitative determination of the total basin yield at most gaging stations. However, data on the existing bypass channels, such as canals and drainage ditches, and on related subsurface movement of water provide valuable information necessary to proper use and interpretation of the streamflow records.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1595","usgsCitation":"Kinnison, H.B., and Sceva, J.E., 1963, Effects of hydraulic and geologic factors on streamflow of the Yakima River Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1595, Report: vii, 134 p.; 3 Plates: 29.5 x 30.0 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1595.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 134 p.; 3 Plates: 29.5 x 30.0 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"144","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1595/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27507,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1595/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27508,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1595/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27509,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1595/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27510,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1595/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8361,45.5437 ], [ -124.8361,49.0024 ], [ -116.9174,49.0024 ], [ -116.9174,45.5437 ], [ -124.8361,45.5437 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611e92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinnison, Hallard B.","contributorId":84337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinnison","given":"Hallard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sceva, Jack E.","contributorId":79086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sceva","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":144554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2034,"text":"wsp1669H - 1963 - Sedimentation and chemical quality of water in Salt Creek basin, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:19","indexId":"wsp1669H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1669","chapter":"H","title":"Sedimentation and chemical quality of water in Salt Creek basin, Nebraska","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1962","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1669H","usgsCitation":"Kister, L.R., and Mundorff, J.C., 1963, Sedimentation and chemical quality of water in Salt Creek basin, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1669, vi, 47 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1669H.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669h/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27515,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbcd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kister, Lester Ray","contributorId":107670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kister","given":"Lester","email":"","middleInitial":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mundorff, J. C.","contributorId":63374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mundorff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1005,"text":"wsp1669L - 1963 - Ground-water potential of the alluvium of the Arkansas River between Little Rock and Fort Smith, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp1669L","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1669","chapter":"L","title":"Ground-water potential of the alluvium of the Arkansas River between Little Rock and Fort Smith, Arkansas","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1962","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1669L","usgsCitation":"Bedinger, M.S., Emmett, L.F., and Jeffery, H., 1963, Ground-water potential of the alluvium of the Arkansas River between Little Rock and Fort Smith, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1669, iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1669L.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669l/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25582,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669l/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25583,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669l/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25584,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669l/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6674b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedinger, M. S.","contributorId":65452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emmett, L. F.","contributorId":43332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmett","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jeffery, H. G.","contributorId":74353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffery","given":"H. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1299,"text":"wsp1605 - 1963 - Geology and hydrology of Agua Caliente Spring, Palm Springs, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T22:16:29.021388","indexId":"wsp1605","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1605","title":"Geology and hydrology of Agua Caliente Spring, Palm Springs, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1605","usgsCitation":"Dutcher, L., and Bader, J., 1963, Geology and hydrology of Agua Caliente Spring, Palm Springs, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1605, Report: iv, 41 p.; 2 Plates: 18.94 × 14.81 inches and 9.82 × 14.42 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1605.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 41 p.; 2 Plates: 18.94 × 14.81 inches and 9.82 × 14.42 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393889,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24793.htm"},{"id":276510,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1605/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":276509,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1605/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":26312,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1605/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1605/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Palm Springs","otherGeospatial":"Agua Caliente Spring","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.56768798828125,\n              33.77343983379775\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.40289306640624,\n              33.77343983379775\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.40289306640624,\n              33.91259414191221\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.56768798828125,\n              33.91259414191221\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.56768798828125,\n              33.77343983379775\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4673","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dutcher, L.C.","contributorId":42191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutcher","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bader, J. S.","contributorId":65830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bader","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1167,"text":"wsp1669B - 1963 - Sediment characteristics of small streams in southern Wisconsin, 1954-59","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-02T14:37:59","indexId":"wsp1669B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1669","chapter":"B","title":"Sediment characteristics of small streams in southern Wisconsin, 1954-59","docAbstract":"<p>The results of investigations of the sediment and water discharge characteristics of Black Earth Creek, Mount Vernon Creek, and Yellowstone River from 1954 to 1959 and Dell Creek for 1958 and 1959 indicate large differences in annual runoff and sediment yields. The suspended-sediment discharge of Black Earth Creek averaged 3,260 tons per year or 71 tons per square mile : the annual yields ranged from 27 to 102 tons per square mile. The annual suspended-sediment yield of Mount Vernon Creek ranged from 48 to 171 tons per square mile and averaged 96 tons per square mile. The maximum daily discharge was 1,120 tons on April 1, 1960, during a storm which produced 67 percent of the suspended load for that water year and exceeded the discharge for the preceding 3 years. The sediment discharge of the Yellowstone River averaged 6,870 tons per year or 236 tons per square riffle. The maximum daily sediment discharge, 3,750 tons on April 1, 1959, occurred during a 14-day period of high flow during which the sediment discharge was 15,480 tons. In 1958 and 1959, Dell Creek had suspended-sediment yields of 4.7 and 26 tons per square mile of drainage area. The suspended sediment transported by Black Earth and Mount Vernon Creeks is about two-thirds clay and one-third silt. For Yellowstone River the particle-size distribution of the suspended sediment ranged from three-fourths clay and one-fourth silt during periods of low sediment discharge to one-third clay and two-thirds silt during high sediment discharges. For Dell Creek nearly all of the suspended sediment is clay, but the bed load is sand. The mean sediment concentration of storm runoff averaged two to three times more in the summer than in the winter. No significant changes with time occurred in the relation between storm runoff and sediment yield.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1669B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Conservation Department through the Wisconsin Committee on Water Pollution","usgsCitation":"Collier, C.R., 1963, Sediment characteristics of small streams in southern Wisconsin, 1954-59: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1669, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1669B.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26002,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Black Earth Creek, Dell Creek, Mount Vernon Creek, Yellowstone River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.65917968749999,\n              42.56521874494336\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.65917968749999,\n              43.60823944964325\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.49462890625,\n              43.60823944964325\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.49462890625,\n              42.56521874494336\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.65917968749999,\n              42.56521874494336\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4794e4b07f02db48cded","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collier, Charles R.","contributorId":57821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collier","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1019,"text":"wsp1580B - 1963 - Factors influencing the occurrence of floods in a humid region of diverse terrain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp1580B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1580","chapter":"B","title":"Factors influencing the occurrence of floods in a humid region of diverse terrain","docAbstract":"This report describes relations between flood peaks and hydrologic factors in a humid region with limited climatic variation but a diversity of terrain. Statistical multiple-regression techniques have been applied to hydrologic data on New England. Many topographic and climatic factors have been evaluated. and their relations to flood peaks have been examined. \r\n\r\nMany of the factors that influence flood peaks are interrelated, and part of the investigation consisted of determining the most efficient factor in each of several groups of highly interrelated variables. Drainage area size was found to be the most important factor. Main-channel slope was found to be next in importance, and a simple yet efficient indicator of main-channel slope was developed. The surface area of lakes and ponds was found to be a factor significantly influencing peak discharges. Of several indices tested the intensity of rainfall for a given duration and frequency was found to be most highly related to the magnitude of peaks. The increase in peaks caused by snowmelt and frozen ground was found to be related to an index of winter temperature-the average number of degrees below freezing in January. \r\n\r\nAfter the above-mentioned topographic and climatic characteristics had been taken into account, there remained deviations in peak discharges that showed an evident relation to orographic patterns. An orographic factor was mapped as defined by the peak discharges of record. Multiple-regression equations were developed that related, with acceptable accuracy, peak discharges of 1.2-to 300-year recurrence intervals to 6 hydrologic variables; 3 of the variables were topographic, 2 climatic, and 1 orographic. The remaining unexplained variations in flood-peak occurrence are believed attributable to the chance variation in storms.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U. S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey ;","doi":"10.3133/wsp1580B","isbn":"pbk","usgsCitation":"Benson, M.A., 1963, Factors influencing the occurrence of floods in a humid region of diverse terrain: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1580, iv, 64 p. :ill., maps. ; 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1580B.","productDescription":"iv, 64 p. :ill., maps. ; 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1580b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25633,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1580b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25634,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1580b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f28d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, M. A.","contributorId":32510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1183,"text":"wsp1619Y - 1963 - Geology and hydrology of Valle Grande and Valle Toledo, Sandoval County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp1619Y","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1619","chapter":"Y","title":"Geology and hydrology of Valle Grande and Valle Toledo, Sandoval County, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1619Y","usgsCitation":"Conover, C.S., Theis, C., and Griggs, R., 1963, Geology and hydrology of Valle Grande and Valle Toledo, Sandoval County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1619, iv, 37 leaves :ill., map ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1619Y.","productDescription":"iv, 37 leaves :ill., map ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619y/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26027,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619y/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26028,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619y/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26029,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619y/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26030,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619y/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26031,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619y/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4674","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conover, Clyde Stuart","contributorId":42197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conover","given":"Clyde","email":"","middleInitial":"Stuart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Theis, C.V.","contributorId":101641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theis","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griggs, Roy L.","contributorId":41900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griggs","given":"Roy L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2478,"text":"wsp1613A - 1963 - Geology and ground-water conditions in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens Counties, Long Island, N.Y.","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51254,"text":"ofr5377 - 1953 - Water-level and chloride-content data at outpost observation wells in southwestern Nassau County, Long Island, New York","indexId":"ofr5377","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Water-level and chloride-content data at outpost observation wells in southwestern Nassau County, Long Island, New York"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2478,"text":"wsp1613A - 1963 - Geology and ground-water conditions in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens Counties, Long Island, N.Y.","indexId":"wsp1613A","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Geology and ground-water conditions in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens Counties, Long Island, N.Y."},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":51661,"text":"ofr5498 - 1954 - Supplementary data on water levels and chloride concentrations at outpost observation wells in southern Nassau County, Long Island, New York","indexId":"ofr5498","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Supplementary data on water levels and chloride concentrations at outpost observation wells in southern Nassau County, Long Island, New York"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2478,"text":"wsp1613A - 1963 - Geology and ground-water conditions in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens Counties, Long Island, N.Y.","indexId":"wsp1613A","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Geology and ground-water conditions in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens Counties, Long Island, N.Y."},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-22T19:47:50.062941","indexId":"wsp1613A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1613","chapter":"A","title":"Geology and ground-water conditions in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens Counties, Long Island, N.Y.","docAbstract":"Test drilling, electrical logging, and water sampling of 'outpost' and other \r\nwells have revealed the existence of a deep confined body of salt water in the \r\nMagothy(?) formation beneath southwestern Nassau and southeastern Queens \r\nCounties, Long Island, N.Y. In connection with a test-drilling program, cooperatively sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nassau County Department \r\nof Public Works, and the New York State Water Resources Commission (formerly \r\nWater Power and Control Commission), 13 wells ranging in depth from about \r\n130 to 800 feet were drilled during 1952 and 1953 and screened at various depths \r\nin the Magothy(?) formation and Jameco gravel. On the basis of the preliminary \r\ngeologic, hydrologic, and chemical data from these wells, a detailed investigation \r\nof ground-water conditions from the water table to the bedrock was begun in a \r\n200-square-mile area in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens Counties. \r\nThe Inain purposes of the investigation were to delineate the bodies of fresh and \r\nsalty ground water in the project area, to relate their occurrence and movement \r\nto geologic and hydrologic conditions, to estimate the rate of encroachment, if \r\nany, of the salty water, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the existing network \r\nof outpost wells as detectors of salt-water encroachment. \r\nAbout a million people in the report area, residing mainly in southern Nassau \r\nCounty, are completely dependent on ground water as a source of supply. Fortunately, precipitation averages about 44 inches per year, of which approximately \r\nhalf is estimated to percolate into the ground-water reservoir. \r\nThe ground water is contained in and moves through eight differentiated geologic units composed of unconsolidated gravel, sand, and clay, of Late Cretaceous, \r\nPleistocene, and Recent age, having a maximum total thickness of about 1,700 \r\nfeet. The underlying metamorphic and igneous crystalline basement rocks are \r\nof Precambrian age and are not water bearing. \r\nThe water-yielding units from the surface down are (1) the upper Pleistocene \r\ndeposits, (2) the principal artesian aquifer, composed of the Jameco gravel and \r\nMagothy(?) formation, and (3) the Lloyd sand member of the Raritar formation. \r\nThe confining units are the '20-foot' clay, the Gardiners clay, and the clay member of the Raritan formation. The upper Pleistocene deposits contain an extensive unconfined body of fresh water. Fresh water under artesian conditions is \r\ncontained in the principal artesian aquifer and the Lloyd sand member. The \r\npiezometric surface of the principal artesian aquifer is similar in shape to the south-ward-sloping water table; it ranges in altitude from about sea level to 55 feet \r\nabove. \r\nThe chemical quality of the fresh ground water in most of the area in all aquifers \r\nis good to excellent, and concentrations of dissolved solids and of chloride generally \r\nare below 100 ppm (parts per million) and 10 ppm, respectively. Analyses of \r\nwater samples from selected wells show no progressive increase in concentration of \r\nchloride in most of the area. The data on quality of water have been used to \r\ndelineate one major and several minor bodies of salty ground water. The wedgeshaped main confined salt-water body, in which the concentration of chloride \r\nreaches about 17,000 ppm, is in the Magothy(?) formation and Jameco gravel in \r\nextreme southwestern Nassau County and southeastern Queens County. The \r\nbase of the salt-water wedge is about at the top of the clay member of the Raritan \r\nformation. Beneath the barrier beach in south-central and southeastern Nassau County a shallow extension of the main confined salt-water body contains as much as 4,000 ppm of chloride and is separated from the lower main salt-water body by fresh ground water. Shallow, thin bodies of unconfined salty ground water are common in the upper Pleistocene and Recent deposits adjacent to salty surface water in tidal creeks, bays, and the Atlantic","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1613A","usgsCitation":"Perlmutter, N.M., and Geraghty, J.J., 1963, Geology and ground-water conditions in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens Counties, Long Island, N.Y.: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1613, Report: vi, 205 p.; 7 Plates: 27.00 × 40.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1613A.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 205 p.; 7 Plates: 27.00 × 40.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":28560,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1613a/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28559,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1613a/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28557,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1613a/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28556,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1613a/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28555,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1613a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1613a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28558,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1613a/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28561,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1613a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394230,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24803.htm"},{"id":28554,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1613a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"96200","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County, Queens County","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.812,\n              40.583\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.417,\n              40.583\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.417,\n              40.727\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.812,\n              40.727\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.812,\n              40.583\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685f9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perlmutter, N. M.","contributorId":38972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perlmutter","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geraghty, J. J.","contributorId":74738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geraghty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1996,"text":"wsp1669A - 1963 - Geology and ground-water conditions in the southern part of the Camp Ripley Military Reservation, Morrison County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T21:40:35.247717","indexId":"wsp1669A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1669","chapter":"A","title":"Geology and ground-water conditions in the southern part of the Camp Ripley Military Reservation, Morrison County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The southern part of the Camp Ripley Military Reservation, in central Minnesota, includes an area of about 20 square miles. This investigation was conducted to assist the U.S. National Guard Bureau in locating adequate water supplies for expansion and standby needs.</p>\n<p>Bedrock in the area consists of Precambrian phyllite which is equivalent to the Virginia slate. The area is covered largely by Pleistocene deposits in the form of moraines, ice-contact features, outwash plains, and the valley train of the Mississippi River. Almost all the surface deposits consist of outwash-plain and valley-train sediments that are generally permeable. Test drilling and an electrical-resistivity survey indicate that the post area, in the southeast part of the reservation, is underlain by about 50 to 115 feet of glacial drift. The west side of the post area is underlain by a bedrock valley filled in part by permeable glaciofluvial deposits in which there is a narrow, highly permeable channel deposit of sand and gravel. Aquifers of this type are probably the most important source of ground water in the area, although substantial quantities of water also may be obtained from other types of glacial aquifers. Properly constructed and developed wells tapping the channel deposits should yield 2,000 to 3,000 gallons per minute, or more.</p>\n<p>Recharge to the aquifers in the reservation is derived from the downward percolation of local precipitation. Most recharge occurs during the spring breakup when accumulated winter snows melt and during the warmer months when the heaviest rains occur.</p>\n<p>Sufficient water is stored in sands and gravels in the area to support substantial water-supply developments for several years, even without normal recharge.</p>\n<p>The water is harder than is desirable for domestic uses, and it is relatively highly colored, probably owing to the presence of iron. Otherwise, the water is satisfactory for most domestic purposes as it contains only about 250 parts per million of dissolved solids.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1962","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1669A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. National Guard Bureau","usgsCitation":"Jones, J., Akin, P., and Schneider, R., 1963, Geology and ground-water conditions in the southern part of the Camp Ripley Military Reservation, Morrison County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1669, Document: iv, 32 p.; 3 Plates: 17.00 x 25.85 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1669A.","productDescription":"Document: iv, 32 p.; 3 Plates: 17.00 x 25.85 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424353,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24859.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":27399,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669a/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27398,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27397,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27400,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Morrison County","otherGeospatial":"Camp Ripley Military Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.37504768371582,\n              46.070551078344444\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.37504768371582,\n              46.10400631094191\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.32929992675781,\n              46.10400631094191\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.32929992675781,\n              46.070551078344444\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.37504768371582,\n              46.070551078344444\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685f81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, J.R.","contributorId":15967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Akin, P.D.","contributorId":104471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akin","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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